AP Question # 1

a) Fruit flies would have been used to perform this experiment. They can be grown
easily and quickly since their growth period is short. They are easy to examine
and males/females can be distinguished from one another easily. They can also be
grown in numerous amounts.

b) If homozygous dominant individuals are crossed with homozygous recessive

individuals, 100% of their offspring, the F1 generation, would show the hybrid
phenotype/genotype. If the F1 generation mate and produce offspring (F2
generation), their offspring would have a 25% pure recessive phenotype/genotype
and a 75% dominant phenotype (1:2:1 genotype).

F1 generation F2 generation
TT Tt
Tt Tt

Tt tt
Tt Tt

c) It can be said that this population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium because p + q

is. Also the ratio of the dominant frequency to the recessive frequency is constant.
It is in the ration of 3:1. The ration of the 5th generation is the same as the 4th and
3rd generation.

AP Question # 2

a) For allele frequencies to remain constant from one generation to the next, there
must be a large population size so that any chance of allele frequency changes are
reduced, random mating (showing no mating preference for a particular
phenotype), no selection (all genotypes have an equal chance of surviving and
therefore, reproducing), no migration (no gene flow), and no mutation of the
genes.

b)
c) If the WW genotype becomes lethal, than the heterozygotes would decrease and
the homozygous recessive genotypes would increase. The homozygous dominant
genotype would not completely disappear because the dominant allele remains in
the heterozygotes. Sincere there are no dominant alleles in ww, they would
become more common. In terms of allelic frequencies, the dominant allele (p)
would decrease since it is lethal. The recessive (q) allele would increase.