B. Design of Substructure

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Detailed Engineering Design of Chargahawa River Bridge For evaluation
Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
B. Design of Substructure
1.0 Design Data:
1.1. Materials and its Properties:
Concrete: M20
Reinforcement: Fe415
Basic Permissible Stresses of Concrete as per IRC : 21-2000:

Permissible direct compressive stress, σco = 5.0 Mpa
Permissible flexural compressive stress, σc = 6.67 Mpa
Maximum Permissible shear stress, τmax = 1.8 N/mm2
Basic Permissible Stresses of Reinforcing Bars as per IRC : 21-2000:

Permissible Flexural Tensile stress, σst = 200 N/mm2
Permissible direct compressive stress, σco = 170 N/mm2
Design of Data:
Modular Ratio = 10.98
Neutral axis depth factor, n = (mσc)/( mσc+σst) = 0.268
Lever arm factor, j = (1-n/3) = 0.911
Moment of resistance coefficient, R = ½ x n x j x σc = 0.814
Unit weight of materials as per IRC : 6-2000:

Concrete (cement-Reinforced) = 2.4 t/m3
Macadam (binder premix) = 2.2 t/m4
Water = 1.0 t/m5
Backfill = 1.92 t/m6
1.2. Geometrical Properties:

Effective Span of Bridge Deck = 18.0 m
Total length of each Span = 18.60 m
Angle of internal friction of backfill = 29 degree
Approach slab
Length, L = 3.5 m
Width, B = 7m
Depth, D = 0.26 m
Size of bearing
Length = 400 mm
Width = 250 mm
Thickness = 50 mm
High Flood Level, HFL = 1002.15 m
Mean scour depth from HFL = 3.28 m
Lowest Bed Level = 997 m
Bottom level of abutment = 999.600 m
Clearance above HFL = 0.9 m
Top level of abutment = 1003.00 m Fig.20
Depth of superstructure = 1.4 m
Total height of abutment = 4.85 m
h1 = 4.59 m b1 = 1m
h2 = 0.26 m b2 = 0m
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Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
h3 = 1.45 m b3 = 0.25 m
h4 = 0.4 m b4 = 0.55 m
h5 = 3.00 m b5 = 0.9 m
h6 = 0.05 m b6 = 0.35 m
Cap overhang, b7 = 0.15 m
Min. length of cap = 7.2 m

Length of abutment shaft = 6.9 m
1.3. Calculation of weight and C.G. of the abutment stem
Elements Area, Ai Weight (t) Xi (m) Yi (m) AiXi AiYi

(m2)
P1 3.00 49.68 0.5 1.50 1.50 4.50
P2 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00
P3 0.46 7.95 0.58 3.20 0.26 1.47
P4 0.3625 6.00 0.125 4.12 0.05 1.50
3.82 63.63 1.81 7.47
C.G. from back of abutment, x = 0.473 from bottom of abutment, y = 1.954

e= 0.125 m
Moment about back face = 30.13 t-m
1.4. Calculation of Loads and Moments

Due to Dead Load
Dead load from superstructure, = 81.08 t
Weight of bearings, expansion joint etc. = 4.05 t
Total dead load from superstructure on each abutment, PDL = 85.14 t
Distance of bearing center from back of abutment = 0.6 m
Eccentricity of DL & LL from superstructure acting through bearing,
e= 0.125 m
Moment due to DL of superstructure about CG of abutment = 10.64 t-m
Due to Live Load
Live load from superstructure:

Due to IRC Class A wheel load, in longitudinal direction,
11.4 t 11.4 t 6.8 t 6.8 t 6.8 t 6.8 t
Fig. 21
Max. LL on abutment from right side = (11.4*18+11.4*16.8+6.8*12.5+6.8*9.5+6.8*6.5+6.8*3.5)/18
= 68.26 t
impact factor = 1.188
Max LL including Impact, PLL = 81.06 t
Moment due to eccentric load = 10.13 t-m
In transverse direction, eccentricity of load = 0.25 m

Moment due to live load = 20.26 t-m

Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
Due to IRC Class AA Tracked Vehicle, in longitudinal direction,

70 t
Fig. 22
Max. LL on abutment from right side = 70x(20-1.8)/20
= 63.70 t

Due to IRC Class AA Wheeled Vehicle, in longitudinal direction,

20 t 20 t
Fig. 23
Max. LL on abutment from right side = 20+20x14.8/20
= 34.80 t

Due to Earth Pressure
= 0.5γs×h1 ×tan2(45o-φ/2)×t
2
Horizontal force due to earth pressure
= 48.42 t
Which acts at a distance from abutment base = 0.42xh1 = 1.93 m
Magnitude of surcharge, q = 1.2xγs = 2.304 t/m2
2
Horizontal force due to surcharge = qxh1xtan (45-φ/2)xt = 25.32 t/m2
Which acts at a distance from abutment base = h1/2 = 2.295 m
Weight of backfill behind the abutment resting on foundation = 0.0 t
Moment due to earth pressure about abutment base = 151.45 t-m
Due to Temperature Variation

o
Maximum temperature variation, T = 25 C
Coefficient of thermal expansion, α = 1.17E-05 /m/oC
Max. Elongation , δ = 4.68 mm
Shear Mdulus of bearing material, G = 1.00 Mpa
Depth of bearing = 50.00 mm
Longitudinal force / bearing = 1.053 t
The total resistance offered by bearing = = 3.159 t
Unbalanced force at the bearing = 3.16 t
This force acts at the bearing level, i.e. at a distance from pier base = 3.45 m
Moment due to temperature variation = 10.90 t-m
Due to Braking Effect
Effect due to class A loading = 0.2x70 = 14 t

Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
This acts at distance above deck level = 1.2 m

And at a distance from abutment base = 6.05 m
Moment due to braking about abutment base = 84.70 t-m
Due to Seismic force

Description Total Load Seismic Lever arm (m) Moment (t-m)
(t) Load (t)
Superstructure DL 85.14 8.51 4.15 35.33
Abutment shaft P1 49.68 4.97 1.50 7.45
Abutment shaft P2 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00
Abutment shaft P3 7.95 0.79 3.00 2.38
Abutment shaft P4 6.00 0.60 4.12 2.48
Approach slab 15.288 1.53 4.72 7.22
Backfill 0 0.00 2.29 0.00
Total 164.06 16.41 54.86
Summary of Loads and Moments

The summary of loads and moments are tabulated below. The transverse forces and moments are
not considered, since it would not be critical due to high moment of inertia of abutment. Therefore
stresses are checked in longitudinal direction only.
Description Vertical load (t) Horizontal force (t) Moment (t-m)

Superstructure DL 85.14 10.64
LL including Impact 81.06 10.13
Self wt. of abutment 63.63 0.00
Braking effect 14 84.70
Temperature 3.16 10.90
Earth Pressure 73.74 151.45
Sub Total 229.82 90.90 267.83
Seismic Force 16.41 54.86
Total 229.82 107.31 322.69
As per standard design practice, design of abutment would be carried out for case A, and checked
for case B, as given below.
Case A: (N+T) B: (N+T+S)

Vertical load (t) 229.82 229.82
Horizontal force (t) 90.90 107.31
Moment (t-m) 267.83 322.69
Design of abutment stem section

Abutment section will be designed for case A and the section adequacy will be checked for case B.
Design vertical load = 229.82 t
Design moment = 267.83 t-m
M
Depth of section required = = 691 mm < 910 O.K.
Rb
Clear cover to reinforcement = 75 mm
Effective depth provided = 910 mm
M
=
σ st × j× d

Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
M
Area of steel required for tension, Ast = = 16160 mm2
σ st × j× d
Provide 38 nos. of 25 mm φ bars giving area of steel = 18653
mm2 and spacing 182 mm c/c.
Provide 16 mm φ bars @ 150 mm c/c at the front side of the abutment, giving
area of steel, Ast = 9651 mm2. Provided nos of bars = 48
Design horizontal force = 90.90 t

Corresponding shear stress, τv = 0.14 N/mm2
Percentage area of tension steel, 100Ast/bd = 0.30 %
Shear strength increment factor = 1+5P/(Agxfck) = 1.083 < 1.5 O.K.
Design shear strength of concrete, τc = 0.26 > τv O.K.
Check for shear at the bottom of the abutment cap.

Total horizontal force at the bottom of the cap = 17.16 t
Depth of abutment = 1000 mm
Effective depth, d = 893 mm
Corresponding shear stress, τv = 0.03 < tc O.K.
Tension reinforcement required at different level along the height of abutments.
At 1.93 m above base of abutment

Load Type Load (t) Lever arm (m) Moment
DL of Superstructure 85.14 0.125 10.64
Live load (LL) 81.06 0.125 10.13
Breaking load 14 4.12 57.68
Temperature load 3.16 1.52 4.80
Earth Pressure 16.26 1.12 18.17
Surcharge 14.67 1.33 19.51
Total 120.94
Overall depth of abutment = 1000 mm
Effective depth of abutment = 893 mm
Area of tension reinforcement req. = 7436 mm2
Provide 23 numbers 25 mm φ bars and 0 numbers
20 mm φ bars, giving area of steel = 11290 mm2
Actual point of curtailment = 3.08 m from base of abutment.
NO CURTAILMENT IS DONE
Rear side Reinforcement
Provide 16 mm φ bars @ 150 mm c/c at rear side of the abutment.
Check for stresses for case B

Bending Moment = 322.69 t-m
Stress in steel = 208.75 N/mm2 < 300 O.K.
Horizontal force = 107.31 t
Corresponding shear stress = 0.17 N/mm2 < 0.45 O.K.
Design of abutment cap:
Vertical reaction due to

Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
Dead load, PDL/3 = 28.38 t

Live load including impact, PLL/3 = 27.02 t
Total vertical reaction = 55.40 t
Providing minimum area of steel @ 1% assuming cap thickness 225 mm, area of steel required /m
of cap = 2250 mm2 (for both top and bottom layer).
Provide 16 mm φ bars @ 150 mm c/c, at both top and bottom layers in both ways, giving area of
steel, Ast = 2680 mm2.
As per IRC:78-2000, clause 710.10.4 the two layers of mesh reinforcement, one at 20 mm from
top and the other at 100 mm from top of abutment cap each consisting of 8 mm φ bars @ 100 mm
c/c in both directions, shall be provided directly under the bearings.
Check for bearing stresses

The allowable bearing pressure with nearly uniform distribution on the loaded area of a footing or
base under a bearing or column shall be given by following equation,
A1
C= C 0 ×
A2
C0 = 6.25 MPa, permissible direct compressive stress in concrete
A1 = 0.52 m2, dispersed largest concentric area similar to A2
A2 = 0.1 m2, loaded area
Therefore, Α1/Α2 = 5.2 >2
And, C = 8.84 Mpa
Actual compressive stress = 5.54 < C O.K.
Design of Backwall:
Horizontal force due to earth pressure = 0.5γs×(h3- h2) ×tan (45 -φ/2) =
2 2 o
0.47 t/m
Which acts at a distance from backwall base = 0.4998 m
Magnitude of surcharge, q = 2.304 t/m2
Horizontal force due to surcharge = q×(h3-h2)×tan2(45o-φ/2) = 0.95 t/m
Which acts at a distance from backwall base = 0.595 m
Self weight of backwall /m width = 0.714 t/m
Live load on back wall considering class AA loading = 10 t
This acts at a distance from backwall toe = 0.125 m
Moment due to earth pressure about backwall base= 0.80 t-m/m

Moment due to self weight and LL = 1.34 t-m/m
Total Moment = 2.14 t-m/m
Effective depth of backwall = 194 mm
Area of steel required, Ast = 606 mm2
Provide 12 mm φ bars @ 150 mm c/c, giving area of steel, Ast = 753 mm2. And provide 10 mm φ
bars @ 200 mm c/c as distribution bar.
Design of Return wall:

Return wall will be monolithic with the backwall. They are joined together through 30 cm x 30 cm fillets.
The load acting on the wing walls would be earth pressure and is designed to withstand a live load
equivalent to surcharge of 1.2 m height of earth fill according to IRC:78-2000.

Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
h1 = 1.65 m
h2 = 1.2 m
h3 = 1.30 m
h4 = 0.4 m
b1 = 2.25 m
Thickness of return wall assumed = 250 mm
Average value of earth pressure = 0.5γs×(h1/2+h2/2+1.2) ×tan (45 -φ/2)
2 2 o
= 1.84 t
Acting at a distance from wing wall bottom = 0.7125 m
Moment due to earth pressure = 3.68 t-m/m
Depth required = 178 mm < Provided O.K.
Area of steel required = 1369 mm2
Provide 16 mm f bars @ 150 mm c/c, giving area of steel, Ast = 1910
mm2. And provide 12 mm φ bars @ 150 mm c/c as distribution bar in vertical
direction. In the fillet at the joint provide nominal reinforcement of 10 mm φ bars @ 200 mm c/c.
The wing wall would be properly anchored to the abutment, backwall and cap.
Design of Approach Slab:

The approach slab is resting over the abutment and the other end supported by the soil underneath.
It should be designed on the basis of elastic base theory, which is complicated. Hence the
dimensions and reinforcement is provided as per the standard design practice.
Self weight /m width = 0.624 t/m

Weight of pavement = 0.176 t/m
Maximum live load = 11.44 t/m2
Total udl = 12.24 t/m
Assuming maximum cavitation of 1.2m behind the abutment,
Maximum bending moment = 22.03 kN-m/m
Effective depth of slab required = 164 mm
Provide 16 mm φ bars @ 150 mm c/c both top and bottom, in both direction
Provided area of steel, Ast = 1340 mm2.
Maximum shear force = 73.4 kN/m
Shear stress = 0.35 N/mm2
Percentage area of steel = 0.63 %
Permissible shear stress = 0.365 N/mm2 > actual shear stress O.K.
Design of RCC Stoppers:
Base width of sttoper, b1 = 0.4 m

Top width of sttoper, b2 = 0.3 m
Height above abutment cap, h1 = 0.45 m
Length of sttoper, l = 0.8 m
Horizontal force acting on the stopper above pier cap @ 10% of vertical load= 7.94 t
Friction resistance = 11.92 t
However as additional factor of safety, assuming an extra lateral force in excess of frictional
resistance taking αR = 0.20 in worst case, Fs = 15.89 t
Difference = 3.97 t

Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
Moment at the base of stopper = 1.79 t-m

Effective depth required = 166 mm
Provide 12 mm f bars @ 150 mm c/c. Area of steel provided = 716 mm2
Max. Shear stress, tv = 0.15 N/mm2
Percentage area of steel provided, p = 0.26 %
Permissible minimum shear strength of concrete =0.226 N/mm2 > tv O.K.
Provide nominal shear reinforcement of 8 mm φ bars @ 100 mm c/c.
Design of abutment footing (Piles)

4.2 Geometrical Properties:
High Flood Level, HFL = = 1002.2 m
Maximum depth of scour from HFL = = 3.28 m
Elevation of maximum scour level (MSL) = = 998.87 m
Max. Water depth in the river = = 3.28 m
Water depth near the abutment = = 3.280 m
Proportionate scour depth near the abutment = 3.280 m
Elevation of MSL near abutment = = 998.87 m
Lowest Bed Level = = 997 m
Elevation of top of foundation base = = 999.600 m
Bottom level of foundation = = 998.500 m
h1 = 4.59 m
h2 = 0.26 m
h3 = 1.45 m
h4 = 0.4 m
h5 = 3.00 m
CL of Bearing
4
HFL
MSL
2
LBL
h6 = 0.05 m
HFL above MSL, h7 = 3.28 m
HFL above min. bed level h8 = 5.15 m
MSL below min. bed level, h9 = -1.87 m
Top of foundation base below MSL, h10 = -0.73 m
Depth of pile cap, h11 = 1.1 m

Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
b1 = 1.0 m
b3 = 0.25 m
b4 = 0.55 m
b5 = 0.9 m
b6 = 0.35 m
b7 = 0.15 m
b8 = 0.4 m
b9 = 3.5 m
b10 = 3.1 m
b11 = 1 m
b12 = 3.1 m
Foundation base length, b13 = 7.2 m
Abutment base length 6.9 m

Foundation projection beyond abutment stem 0.15 m
Total width of foundation 7.2 m
Angle of internal friction of soil 29 degree
Safe bearing capacity of soil 0 t/m2
Load bearing capacity of pile = 40 t
Numbers of piles along longitudinal dirrection = 4 m
Numbers of piles along transverse dirrection = 4 m
Total numbers of piles = 16
Diameter of piles = 700 mm
Length of piles = 16 m
Soil Type : Clayey Silt
Determination of depth of fixity of piles:
Unconfined compressive strength, S = 0.46 kg/cm2
Modulus of subgrade reaction, K = 13.2 kg/cm2
Therefore, Lf/d = 7 from figure 1 and 2.
and, depth of fixity, Lf = 4.9 m
Calculation of vertical load on foundation base

Due to Dead Load
Superstructure = 85.14 t
Backwall = 6.00 t
Abutment cap = 7.95 t
Abutment shaft = 49.68 t
Soil behind abutment = 196.70 t
Approach slab = 15.29 t
Soil in front of abutment = 0.00 t
Total = 360.76 t
Due to Live Load
Maximum live load including impact = 81.06 t
Due to self weight of foundation base = 136.86 t
Loss in weight due to Buoyancy

Depth of abutment shaft below HFL = 2.55 m
Abutment width at HFL = 1.000 m
Loss in weight of abutment shaft = 17.59 t
Loss in weight of soil behind abutment = 56.92 t
Loss in weight of soil in front of abutment = 0.00 t

Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
Total buoyant force on abutment = 78.06 t
Buoyant force on foundation base = 57.02 t
Calculation of Moments at Foundation Base Level

Due to superstructure DL+LL
Total superstructure DL+LL = 166.19 t
Eccentricity of load about pile cap transverse axis = 0m
Corresponding moment = 0.00 t-m
Superstructure DL = 85.14 t
Moment at foundation toe due to DL = 0.00 t-m
Due to Abutment + Soil filling DL

A. Maximum Load Condition
i) Due to abutment body
Load = 63.63 t
Lever arm = -0.13 m
Moment = -7.95 t-m
ii) Due to Backfill and approach slab
Load = 196.70 t
Lever arm = -2.1 m
Moment = -413.07 t-m
iii) Due to soil fill in front of abutment
Load = 0.00 t
Lever arm = 2m
Moment = 0.00 t-m
Total moment due to abutment + soil filling DL = -421.03 t-m
B. No LL + Buoyancy Condition
i) Due to abutment body
Load = 85.14 t
Lever arm = -0.13 m
Moment = -10.64 t-m
ii) Due to Backfill and approach slab
Load = 133.93 t
Lever arm = -2.1 m
Moment = -281.25 t-m
iii) Due to soil fill in front of abutment
Load = 0.00
Lever arm = 1.55
Moment = 0.00
Total moment due to abutment + soil filling DL = -291.89 t-m
Due to Earth Pressure

Earth pressure = 48.42 t
Lever arm = 3.03 m
Surcharge = 25.32 t
Lever arm = 3.395 m
Total Moment = 232.57 t-m

Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
Due to Longitudinal forces:

a) Due to tractive effort or braking = 14 t
Which acts at a distance above foundation bottom = 6.05 m
Moment due to tractive effort or braking about foundation base = 84.70 t-m
b) Force due to resistance in bearings due to temperature = 3.16 t
Which acts at a distance above foundation bottom = 3.4 m
Moment due to tractive effort or braking about foundation base = 10.90 t-m
Due to Seismic Forces:
A. Along longitudinal direction for maximum load condition
Description Load (t) Seismic Load (t) Lever arm Moment (t-m)
Abutment shaft P1 49.68 4.97 1.50 7.45
Abutment shaft P2 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00
Abutment shaft P3 7.95 0.79 3.00 2.38
Abutment shaft P4 6.00 0.60 4.12 2.48
Approach slab 15.29 1.53 4.72 7.22
Backfill 196.70 19.67 2.1 41.31
Total 360.76 36.08 96.17
B. Case of buoyancy and no live load
The seismic load will be lesser than that for N+T case due to submerged part of the sub structure which
will be under buoyancy.
Moment
Description Load (t) Seismic Load (t) Lever arm (m)
(t-m)
Abutment shaft P1 above HFL 7.45 0.75 3.875 2.89
Abutment shaft P1 below HFL 24.63 2.46 2.375 5.85
Abutment shaft P2 above HFL 3.73 0.37 3.80 1.42
Abutment shaft P2 below HFL 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Abutment Cap P3 7.95 0.79 3 2.38
Abutment backwall P4 6.26 0.63 4.125 2.58
Approach slab 15.29 1.53 4.72 7.22
Backfill above HFL 109.28 10.93 4.67 51.03
Backfill below HFL 79.68 7.97 2.375 18.92
Total 339.41 33.94 #DIV/0!
Summary of Moments and Forces

Vertical Loads
Description Case I Case II Case III

Max. Buoyancy+No LL Case I + Seismicity
Load
DL from superstructure + abutment 360.76 282.70 360.76
DL of foundation base 136.86 79.83 136.86
Live load 81.06 - 81.06
Total 578.67 362.53 578.67
Horizontal Forces

Load
Earth Pressure 73.74 73.74 73.74
Tractive effort or braking 14 - 14

Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
Temperature effect 3.16 3.16 3.16

Seismic Force - - 40.41
Total 90.90 76.90 131.31
Resulting Moments

Superstructure DL+LL -291.89 0.00 -291.89
Abutment +Soil filling DL -421.03 -291.89 -421.03
Earth pressure 232.57 232.57 232.57
Tractive effort or braking 84.70 - 84.70
Temperature effect 10.90 - 10.90
Seismic force - - 171.28
Total -384.75 -59.32 -213.47
Summary of loads
Cases Unit Case I Case II Case III

Max. Load Buoyancy+No LL Case I + Seismicity
Vertical T 80.37 50.35 80.37
Horizontal T 12.62 10.68 18.24
Moment t-m -53.44 -8.24 -29.65
Case: I
Deducting the bearing capacity of pile cap as a open footing, vertical loads to be taken by piles
= 80.37 t
Loads on each pile due to vertical load = 5.02 t
Axial load on extreme pile due to moment = 12.62 t
Axial load on second row of pile due to moment = 4.02 t
Resultant compressive force on extreme pile = 21.67 t < 40.00 t O.K.
Resultant tensile force on extreme pile = 0.00 t < 40.00 t O.K.
Resultant compressive force on second row of pile= 17.34 t
Coefficient of friction between concrete and clay = 0.20
Friction resistance of cap = 0.00 t
Horizontal force on each pile = 11.17 t
Moment on each piles = 54.72 t-m
Design of piles:
Length of pile, L = 16 m
Diameter of pile, D = 0.7 m
L/D = 22.86 > 12 Hence the pile is designed as long column.
Least radious of gyration, r = 17.5 cm
Reduction coefficient for reduction of stress values is given as,
cr = (1.25-L/48B) = 0.774
Safe stress are,
Permissible direct compressive stress, σco = 3.87 N/mm2
Permissible flexural compressive stress, σco = 5.16 N/mm2
Permissible Flexural Tensile stress, σst = 154.76 Mpa (in steel)
Maximum compressive stress in concrete = 1.50 N/mm2 < 3.869 N/mm2

Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
Provide minimum area of compression steel @ 1.25 %.

Asc = 4811 mm2
Provide 15 nos. of 25 mm φ bars, giving area of steel = 7363
Check for combined stress:
Percentage area of steel provided, pt = 2.400
p/fck = 0.120
d'/D = 0.091
Pu/fckD2 = 0.088
From chart, Mu/fckD3 = 0.12
and Mu = 82.32 t-m
Working moment, M = 54.88 t-m > 54.72 t-m O.K.
Shear stress due to horizontal force = 0.29 N/mm2
Permissible shear strength of concrete = 0.45 N/mm2 O.K.
Case: C
Axial load on extreme pile due to moment = 27.49 t
Resultant compressive force = 65.07 t < 90.00 t O.K.
Resultant tensile force = 0.00 t < 90.00 t O.K.
Horizontal force on each piles = 6.18 t
Moment on each piles = 30.27 t-m
Pu/fckD2 = 0.100
From chart, Mu/fckD3 = 0.106
and Mu = 72.72 t-m
Working moment, M = 48.48 t-m > 30.27 t-m O.K.
Shear stress due to horizontal force = 0.16 N/mm2
Permissible shear strength of concrete = 0.56 N/mm2 O.K.
Lateral Reinforcement:
Lateral reinforcement should be 0.2% of the gross volume. Using dia. 10 mm ties,
we have the volume of one tie = 145577 mm3
If p be the pitch of the ties in mm, then
Volume of pile per pitch length = 384845 p
Hence equating, we get, p = 189 mm
Hence provide dia 10 mm ties at 160 mm c/c in the main body of the pile.
Design of Pile Cap:

Maximum bending moment in the pile cap due to vertical load,
At center of cap = 312.91 t-m
At face of abutment = 375.77 t-m
Bending moment due to moment on steam = 233.3 t-m
Maximum bending moment = 609.0 t-m
The effective depth required is given by,
dreq = 999 mm
Adopt 1030 mm effective depth and overall depth = 1100 mm
Area of steel required along width of cap = 32466 mm2
Using 25 mm dia. bars, spacing would be 113 mm
Provede 25 mm dia bars @ 120 mm c/c, provided area = 33469 mm2
at both top and bottom.
Distribution reinforcement @ 0.12% = 9900 mm2
Provide 20 mm dia bars @ 150 mm c/c, giving area of stee = 15708 mm2.

Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
Shear force = 413.23 t

Shear stress, tv = 0.53 N/mm2
Percentage area of steel, pt = 0.43 %
Permissible shear strength of concrete, tc = 0.28 N/mm2 < tv
Shear reinforement is required.
Assuming 10 mm dia 20 legged vertical tirrups, then Asv = 1571 mm2
And spacing of stirrups, S = 163 mm
Maximum spacing of stirrups, = 189 mm

Provide 10 mm dia 4 legged vertical tirrups @ 160 mm c/c.
Check for punching shear along pier,

bo = 20.32 m
tv = 0.13 N/mm2
Punching shear strength, tc = 0.716 N/mm2 > tv Safe.
Check for punching shear along pile,
bo = 5435.0 m
tv = 0.10 N/mm2
Punching shear strength, tc = 0.72 N/mm2 > tv Safe.

B. Design of Substructure

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B. Design of Substructure

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Basic Permissible Stresses of Concrete as per IRC : 21-2000:

Basic Permissible Stresses of Reinforcing Bars as per IRC : 21-2000:

Unit weight of materials as per IRC : 6-2000:

1.2. Geometrical Properties:

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Min. length of cap = 7.2 m

1.3. Calculation of weight and C.G. of the abutment stem

Elements Area, Ai Weight (t) Xi (m) Yi (m) AiXi AiYi

C.G. from back of abutment, x = 0.473 from bottom of abutment, y = 1.954

1.4. Calculation of Loads and Moments

Due to Live Load

Live load from superstructure:

In transverse direction, eccentricity of load = 0.25 m

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Due to IRC Class AA Tracked Vehicle, in longitudinal direction,

In transverse direction, eccentricity of load = 0.35 m

Due to IRC Class AA Wheeled Vehicle, in longitudinal direction,

In transverse direction, eccentricity of load = 0.35 m

Due to Temperature Variation

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This acts at distance above deck level = 1.2 m

Due to Seismic force

Summary of Loads and Moments

Description Vertical load (t) Horizontal force (t) Moment (t-m)

Case A: (N+T) B: (N+T+S)

Design of abutment stem section

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Design horizontal force = 90.90 t

Check for shear at the bottom of the abutment cap.

Tension reinforcement required at different level along the height of abutments.

At 1.93 m above base of abutment

Check for stresses for case B

Design of abutment cap:

Vertical reaction due to

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Dead load, PDL/3 = 28.38 t

Check for bearing stresses

Actual compressive stress = 5.54 < C O.K.

Moment due to earth pressure about backwall base= 0.80 t-m/m

Design of Return wall:

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Design of Approach Slab:

Self weight /m width = 0.624 t/m

Design of RCC Stoppers:

Base width of sttoper, b1 = 0.4 m

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Moment at the base of stopper = 1.79 t-m

Design of abutment footing (Piles)

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Abutment base length 6.9 m

Calculation of vertical load on foundation base

Due to self weight of foundation base = 136.86 t

Loss in weight due to Buoyancy

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Total buoyant force on abutment = 78.06 t

Buoyant force on foundation base = 57.02 t

Calculation of Moments at Foundation Base Level

Due to Abutment + Soil filling DL

Due to Earth Pressure

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Due to Longitudinal forces: