The automobile exhausts are responsible for more than 75% of total air pollution.

With rapidly
increasing population and urbanization number of automobiles is also increasing. The total vehicles on
world's roads are more than 750 million. These automobiles such as cars, scooters, motors, taxies,
buses, trucks, etc release a huge amount of poisonous gases.

Today most of the major cities of the world experiencing serious vehicular pollution. This is due to the
great numbers of vehicles in congested urban areas and the overall volume of pollutants which thei
emit. The problem compounded by the fact that the vehicles emit pollutants in close proximity the
breathing zones of people.
Intermediate products include variety of hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, etc. while final products are
CO2, CO, NOx, SOx.

The main pollutants emitted by vehicles are CO, HC's, NO x, SOx and suspended particulate matter. Actual
pollution from vehicle depends upon the characteristics of fuel and efficiency of combustion.

Automobiles are responsible for 80% of the total CO emission.36% the HC's, 44% of the NO x,4% of SOx
and 18% of the particulate matter.
CO,NOx and hydrocarbons are of the major concern as they form secondary pollutants such as
photochemical smog, O3 and formaldehyde. Besides increasing the concentration of NO x,SOx,O3 and
SPM,automobiles exhaust are also responsible for worsening the condition of asthma patient who
experiences breath shortness, wheezing, coughing, and sometimes death.

Exhaust gases, from petrol based vehicles also contain lead compound because of the addition of
tetraethyl lead in motor spirit. Lead is known to cause encephalopathy, a disease of brain in children,
which often results in death or permanent brain damage.