Comparing properties of Alkanes and Alkenes

Similarities:
Properties Alkanes & Alkenes
Solubility in water No
Solubility in organic
Yes
solvent
Conductivity No
Boiling and melting
Low
point
Each member of homologous differs from
Molecular formula the next/successive member by a unit
−CH2−
Each member of homologous differs from
Molecular mass
the next/successive member of 14 unit

Differences:
Properties Alkanes Alkenes
It burned with a
Reaction with oxygen, It burned with less
more sooty yellow
O2 gas sooty yellow flame
flame
The reddish-brown The reddish-
Reaction with bromine, colour of bromine brown colour of
Br2 water water remains bromine water
unchanged decolourised
The purple colour
The purple colour of
Reaction with acidified of acidified
acidified potassium
potassium potassium
manganate(VII)
manganate(VII), manganate(VII)
solutions remained
KMnO4 solution solutions was
unchanged
decolourised
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[SPOT SPM QUESTIONS 2011]
ESSAY;

A B
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE ALKANE and ALKENE IN
THE BOTTLES?
Solutions: i. Substances & Apparatus
ii. Procedure
iii. Observations
iv. Inference

[10 marks]
Sample answer
Aim: To investigate the liquid in bottle A and B

Dropper

Test tube

Test tube A Test tube B

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Substances & Apparatus;
Bromine water , 2 test tubes, 2 dropper

Procedure;
1. The apparatus shown above is prepared.
2. 2-5 cm3 bromine water is measured with measuring
cylinder 5ml and poured into a test tube.
3. A few drops of liquid from bottle A is put/added with
dropper into the test tube, and shake.
4. Observations is recorded.
5. The experiments is repeated by replace the liquid from
bottle A with bottle B.

Observation and inferences:

Test Tube Observation Inference

The reddish-brown
Liquid
colour of bromine water Contains alkane
in bottle A
remains unchanged
The reddish-brown
Liquid
colour of bromine water Contains alkene
in bottle B
decolorized

Easylah!

Prepared by;
Kamal Ariffin Bin Saaim
SMKDBL
http://kemhawk.webs.com
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