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Role of Fungi
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 Fungi
1. Fungi are unicellular or multicellular organism. The fungal body is usually composed of
threadlike hyphae, a mass which called mycelium.

2. Hyphae cell walls are composed of chitin. Aseptate hyphae do not have cross wall
(septa), whereas septate hyphae have. Cross wall of septate hyphae have large hole or
pore in which cytoplasm and other organelles can pass.

3. Fungi are heterotrophy. Most fungi are saprophytic, while the rest are parasitic
(especially in plants) and associate with plant roots and algae.

4. Fungi perform sexual and asexual reproduction. The reproduction structure is sexual and
asexual spores.

5. There are five division of fungi :

a. Chytridiomycota.

Chytriodimycota is the only division with motile sexual spores.

b. Zygomycota.

Zygomycota have coenocytic hyphae and form sexual reproduction of zygospore.

When zygospore grows, sporangium will produce thousand of asesual spores.
Asexsual reproduction will occurs if nutrient is sufficient, sporangium will
produce spores.

c. Ascomycota.

Ascomycota are composed of septate hyphae and during sexual reproduction,

ascus will preduce ascospores. Ascus is located inside the fruiting body called
ascocarp. Asexual reproduction is performed by forming conidia (conidiospore).

d. Basidiomycota.

Basidiomycota fungi are composed of septate hyphae. The sexual spores

produced by basidium located in the fruiting body is called basidiocarp. They
reproduce asexually by means of conidia.

e. Deuteromycota.

Deuteromycota is imperfect fungi which sexual reproduction is absent or not yet

found.
6. Lichens are mutualistic symbiosis between fungi and either green algae or cyanobacteria.
This pioneer organism is able to live in infertile environment or stones, and produces soil
component useful for other organisms.

7. Mychorrhizae are the association between fungi and plant roots. Fungi help plants in
absorbing mineral, whereas plants provide food supply for the fungi.

8. Fungi has 4 main role in the environment :

a. Decomposition

Fungi are able to break down almost anything. Furthermore they can pair with
algae to make lichens, which grow almost anywhere. Lichens are also an
important indicator of environmental pollution.

b. mycorrhizal partners

fungi are mycorrhizal partners in trees and plants. Root hairs in trees
and plants are often not fine enough to absorb nutrients from the soil
by themselves. Mycorrhizal fungi often form a symbiotic partnership
with plants and trees - fungi provide thin hyphae (unicellular root like
structures) that can absorb water and nutrients from the soil more
efficiently than root hairs. The trees and plants in turn provide food
(complex amino acids etc) for the fungi - things that they would
normally not be able to obtain. It is proposed that 90% of all the
species of trees and plants are dependent on mycorrhizae. There are 2
types of mycorrhizae - endotrophic and ectotrophic - but thats for
another topic of discussion.