RECENT TRENDS IN HVDC TRANSMISSION

RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY

PREPARED BY  PIYUSH KU. GUPTA NOGESHWAR KU. DEWANGAN

CONTENT
      

Introduction. Power flow in HVDC transmission. Why use DC transmission? Comparison between AC & DC transmission. Cost & power. Advantages and disadvantages. Application of HVDC transmission.

Introduction


Electrical power transmission was done with direct current. In 1950, a 116 km experimental transmission line was commissioned from Moscow to Kasira at 200 kV. The first commercial HVDC line built in 1954 was a 98 km submarine cable with ground return between the island of Gotland and the Swedish mainland Today, the highest functional d.c. voltage for d.c. transmission is +/- 600 kV for the 785 km transmission +/line of the Itaipu scheme in Brazil.

Power flow in HVDC transmission

I LOAD

T1
   

T2

G - Generator T1,T2 - Transformer R - Rectifier I - Inverter

Why use DC transmission?

 

  

Losses are lower. Towers can be designed to be less costly per unit of length. Lower visual profile. Transmission is by underground cable. Power systems are not synchronized to neighboring networks due to frequency.

Comparison between AC & DC transmission



Economics of transmission
I. II.

Carry much power in DC w.r.to AC. Losses reduce due to skin & corona effect .

Technical Performance
I. II.

Full control over power transmitted. Fast control to limit fault current in DC lines HVDC links in the world is available. Thyristor valves is much more reliable than mercury arc valves.

Reliability
I. II.

Cost & power

AC DC C O S T S DC P O W E R DISTANCE

d*

AC

DISTANCE
d*= break-even distance break-

Variation of cost with line length

Power transfer capability vs. transfer

Advantages and disadvantages

    

Disadvantages of DC transmission The difficulty of breaking DC currents which results in high cost of DC breakers . Inability to use transformers to change voltage levels. High cost of conversion equipment. Generation of harmonics which require AC and DC filters, adding to the cost of converter stations. Complexity of control. But today's DC technology, which have tried to overcome the disadvantages. Development of DC breakers. Modular construction of thyristor valves. Increase in the ratings of thyristor cell that make up a valve. Twelve pulse operation of converters. Use of metal oxide, gapless arrestors. Application of digital electronics and fiber optics in control of converters.

     

Application of HVDC transmission

  

Long distance bulk power transmission. Underwater or underground cables. Control and stabilization of power flows in AC ties in an integrated power system. Asynchronous interconnection of AC systems operating at different frequencies or where independent control of system is desired.

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HVDC

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