In direct observation method, there is no participatory involvement on the observer's part.

The observer is more a part of the background and is as unobtrusive as possible. As there is no direct participation, the observations are more detached. The researcher is watching, and making notes for future use.

 Direct participation also makes use of technology in observing individuals or events. One can record the happenings or observe from behind one-way mirrors. Unlike participant observation, direct observation tends to be more focused, as the observer is only observing specific occurrences, rather than the whole behaviour.

Here are some relevant points about direct observation that researchers should keep in mind: Observation always occurs in normal, natural settings and contexts. Researchers watch while events unfold. Actions, conversations, and interactions usually continue without researchers intruding into the scene or activity.

 Observers do not intervene or deliberately influence the subjects in the study. Researchers look for many things and describe the situation at many different levels. Researchers need to address ethical issues to ensure that participants have given permission to be observed. This also means protecting confidentiality if

 For example, Willms et al (1992) used observational methods to examine physician smoking cessation counselling practices in Canada. The study compared what family doctors and patients said about health promotion messages delivered during patient visits to the doctor's office. Twelve doctors participated in interviews and focus groups as part of the study. In addition, the researchers undertook observation of doctor-patient interaction in four office settings. Each of the 98 patients included in the study were interviewed in their homes. This paper is particularly helpful because it is written with an emphasis on