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vlukeful;onfha'ojy ajryHk ..............................................................................................................
tpD&ifcHpmtESpfcsKyf .........................................................................................................................
tpD&ifcHpmtwGuf vkyfaqmifcJhonfhenf;em .....................................................................................
ed'gef; ...............................................................................................................................................

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&SmazGawG@&Sdcsufrsm;..........................................................................................................................

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ed*Hk;ESifh t}uHjyKcsuf ..........................................................................................................................

aemufqufwJG .................................................................................................................................

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yavmifa'owGif; ppfwyf}uD;pdk;r_ESifh vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm; ...............................................
yavmifvufzufvkyfief;rsm; usqif;vmr_ ...............................................................................
bdef;pdkufysKd;r_ESifhrl;,pfaq;0g;oHk;pJGr_rsm; wdk;yGm;vmjcif; ...............................................................
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jynfwGif;ppf jyefvnfjzpfay:vmjcif;a=umifh &Srf;jynfajrmufydkif;wGif csKd;azmufr_rsm;jym;vmjcif; .........
jrefrmjynf&Sd vlukeful;r_rsm; ..................................................................................................
yHkpHcGuf-vdifcJGjcm;onfh"avhxHk;wrf;ESifh vlukeful;jcif; ................................................................
vlukeful;r_rsm; wdk;yGm;jzpfay:aejcif; .......................................................................................
b,folawG vlukeful;cHae&ovJ ...........................................................................................
trsKd;orD;ysKdrsm;t"duypfrSwf ..................................................................................
uav;i,frsm;tm; vlukeful;jcif; ............................................................................
vufzufawmifolrsm; vlukeful;cH&jcif;.....................................................................
erfhcrf;a'orS vlukeful;r_wdk;jrifhvmjcif; .....................................................................
w&kwfjynfodk@ OD;wnfa&mif;pm;jcif; ........................................................................................
b,folawGu vlukeful;ae=uovJ ........................................................................................
a&mif;pm;cH&olrsm;tajctae ...............................................................................................
vdifazsmfajza&;vkyfief;wGif twif;t"R vkyfudkifapjcif; ...............................................
w&kwftrsKd;om;rsm;ESifh twif;t"Rvufxyfxdrf;jrm;apjcif; .......................................
arsmhpmau|;jcif;.....................................................................................................
vlukeful;cH&jcif;rS vGwfajrmufvmonfhtajctaersm; .............................................................
ulnDaxmufyHhr_ESifhw&m;r#wr_ &&SdEdkifrnfhvrf;a=umif;rsm; uef@owfcH&jcif; ...................................
vGwfajrmufvmolrsm;ae&yfXmeodk@jyefa&mufvmpOf &ifqdkif&onfhtcuftcJrsm; ..........................
yavmifa'orS a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm; }uD;rm;pGmwdk;yGm;vmjcif;.............................................
vufzufvkyfief;tay: tm&Hkpl;pdkufr_}uD;rm;pGmavsmhenf;vmjcif;...................................
rD;aoG;vkyfief;jzifh a&&Snf&yfwnf&efrjzpfEdkifawmhjcif; ..................................................
ynma&;ESifhusef;rma&;p&dwf jrifhrm;jcif; ....................................................................
vlukeful;r_jzpfay:aponfh vlr_a&;qdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm; .......................................................
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rl;,pfaq;0g; xkwfvkyfr_ESifh oHk;pJGr_ wdk;jrifhvmjcif; .......................................................

a&G;cs,fxm;onfh tcsKd@jzpfpOfrsm; ...........................................................................................

pkpnf;aumufcHcJhonfh vlukeful;r_jzpfpOfrsm; tusOf;csKyfpm&if;....................................................
vlukeful;r_ESifhpyfvsOf;onfh Oya'zGifhqdkcsufrsm; ........................................................................

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8

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10

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11

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12

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22

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23

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24

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25

tzJG@tpnf;rsm;udk csOf;uyf+yD; vlukeful;olrsm;udk zrf;qD;&efESifh aysmufqHk;aeaom om;orD;rsm;udk &SmazG&ef

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26

vGwfajrmufvmolrsm;ae&yfXmeodk@jyefa&mufvmpOf &ifqdkif&onfhtcuftcJrsm;
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27

yavmifa'orS a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm; }uD;rm;pGmwdk;yGm;vmjcif;

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28

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29

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30

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31

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onf &GmeD;csKyfpyf&Sd opfawmrsm;udkrD;aoG;zkwf+yD; avmifpmrsm;pGmvdktyfaom w&kwfjynfodk@ ,if;wdk@udk,fwdkif
(odk@ ) yJGpm;rsm;rSwqifh w&kwfjynfaps;uGufodk@ wifydk@=uygonf?
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ausmf ay;urf;&onf? xdka=umifh 0ifaiG&Edkifonfh jzpfEdkifacst&if;tjrpfrSm a&&SnfcHEdkifrnfr[kwfay?
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ynma&;ESifhusef;rma&;p&dwf jrifhrm;jcif;

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taxmuftuljyKyPnf;rsm; nHhzsif;enf;yg;onfh) aq;cef;wcef;om xm;&Sday;onf? aq;&Hk/ aq;cef;wdkif;wGif
ukor_cH,lcJhaom aq;0g;ESifhukor_twGuf vlemuay;aqmif&onf? aq;ukor_p&dwfrSm}uD;rm;vmojzihf
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tck wodef;ausmfawmifravmufbl;? tcsdefydka=u;/ usL&Sifa=u;eJ@ tjcm;a=u;awG ay;ae&wm?
(erfhcrf;/ vufzufawmifol)
32

a&$vD

vm;&SLd;
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33

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ydkrdkwdk;yGm; apaomta=umif;csif;&mtjzpf vufcHawG@&SdcJhonf?

ynma&;csKd@wJhjcif;

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ynma&;edrfhusuif;rJhaejcif;rSm vlukeful;jcif;cH&Edkifonfhtm;enf;csufydkrsm;vmaprnhf tcsufwcsuftjzpf
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34

rl;,pfaq;0g; xkwfvkyfr_ESifh oHk;pJGr_ wdk;jrifhvmjcif;

yavmifa'owGif rl;,pfaq;0g;oHk;pJGol wdk;yGm;
vmjcif;rSm
vlukeful;r_jyemjzpfay:aponfh
wdkuf&dkuftajccH ta=umif;w&m;w&yfjzpfonf?
jzpfpOfrsm;pGmwGif uav;i,frsm;onf rl;,pfaq;0g;
oHk;pJGonfh zcifwdk@.a&mif;pm;jcif;udk cHcJh=u&onf?
erfhcrf;+rdK@&Sd rl;,pfaq;pJGaeol touf 45 ESpf
t&G,ftrsKd;om;wOD;onf bdef;0,f&eftwGuf ol
ydkifqdkifor#yPnf;udk a&mif;pm;cJh+yD; aemufydkif;wGif
25 ESpft&G,fol.orD;ESifh wESpft&G,f wlav;udk
w&kwfjynfodk@a&mif;pm;+yD;
rl;,pfaq;0g;0,f&ef
aiG&SmcJhonf? 48 ESpft&G,frl;,pfaq;qJGol tjcm;
trsKd;om; wOD;uvnf; ol. 12 ESpft&G,f om;i,f
udk w&kwfjynfodk@ a&mif;pm;cJhonf?
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jcif;ESifhtjcm;rl;,pfaq;0g;ESifh qufpyfonfh jyem
rsm;wdk;jrifhvm+yD; yavmifa'oudk tvGef t&m,fjyK
onfhtqifhtxd qufwkdufqdk;usKd;oufa&mufapcJhygonf? yavmifa'o&Sd aus;&Gmwdkif;wGif bdef;jzL/ &mbESifh
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vli,ftrsm;tjym;tygt0if vlOD;a& 80 &mcdkifE_ef;rSm rl;,pfaq;0g;om;aumifrsm; tjzpfodk@ oufqif;
ysufpD;v#uf&Sdonf? rl;,pfaq;0g;a&mif;olrsm;rSm a'ocHtm%mydkifrsm;/ ppfwyfzJG@/ jynfol@ppf acgif;aqmifwdk@ESifh
wenf;enf;jzifh ywfoufqufEG,faeaoma=umifh rl;,pfaq;0g; a&mif;0,fjcif; a=umifh ,if;wdk@tm; rnfonfh
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uav;udk tjcm;olxHa&mif;pm;cJhonf?
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wckvHk;. pm;0wfaea&;wm0eftm;vHk;twGuf wOD;wnf; aiG&Smajz&Sif;=u&onf? Todk@jzifh rl;,pfaq;0g; oHk;pJG
jcif;ESifh bdef;pdkufysKd;r_ rsm;jym;vmjcif;wdk@onf yavmiftrsKd;orD;rsm;udk tjcm;a'orsm;odk@ tvkyfxGuf&Sm&ef
zdtm;wck jzpfap+yD;/ xdkodk@jzpf&jcif;a=umifh ,if;wdk@udk vlukeful;cH&Edkifonfh t&m,fpufuGif;odk@ wGef;ydk@
vdkufjcif;yif jzpfayonf?
35

rl;,pfaq;0g;jyema=umifh vlr_a&;qdkif&mqdk;usKd;rsm;jzpfay:apaomfvnf;/ rl;,pfaq;0g;a&mif;0,fr_a=umifh

ppftkyfpk. EdkifiHa&;ESifhpD;yGm;a&;wdk@twGuf tusKd;tjrwfrsm;&&Sdaeojzifh yavmifa'owGifjzpfay:aeaom
bdef; pdkufysKd;xkwfvkyfjcif;ESifh rl;,pfaq;0g;oHk;pJGjcif; jyemrsm;udk xda&mufpGmudkifwG,fwm;qD;jcif;/
ajz&Sif;ay;jcif; rsm;jyKvkyf&ef ysufuGufaev#uf&Sdonf?

ed*Hk;ESifh t}uHjyKcsufrsm;
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}uD;xGm;vmaeonfudk oufaoazmfjyv#uf&Sdonf? ,ckuJhodk@ ae&ma&$@ajymif;aexdkifjcif;onf wdkif;&if;om;
a'orsm;udk ppftiftm;jzifhwif;=uyfpGmxdef;csKyfxm;onfh ppftkyfpkay:vpD. wdkuf&dkuftusKd;&vm'fjzpfonf?
ppfwyfzJG@tiftm;ESifh ppfwyfvufatmufcH jynfol@ppftiftm; ta&twGufrsm;vmjcif;onf pdkufysKd;a&;ESifh
ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;wdk@tay: uef@owfr_rsm;/ taumufcGefrsm;wdk;jrifhap&ef oGwfoGif;aejcif;jzpf+yD;/ &dk;&m
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v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfvmonhf emrnf}uD;rl;,pf&mZm yefaq;ausmfjrifh tygt0if jrefrmppf tkyfpkwdk@.
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EdkifiHa&;pHepf jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;rsm;jyKvkyf&ef vdktyfv#uf&Sdygonf?

36

xdka=umifh yavmiftrsKd;orD;tpnf;t&Hk;rS atmufygawmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk awmif;qdkt}uHjyKvdkufygonf?

ppfwyfvufatmufcH tpdk;& taejzifh ppfrSefaom+idrf;csrf;a&;ESifh trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;&&Sd&eftwGuf ppfwyfvufatmufcHtpdk;&
taejzifh 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk/ wdkif;&if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;ESifh EdkifiHa&;awG@qHkaqG;aEG;r_rsm; csufcsif;
jyKvkyf&ef?
wjynfvHk;twdkif;twmaqmifonfh typfcwf&yfpJa&;rsm;jyKvkyf+yD;/ wdkif;&if;om;a'orsm;wGif xdk;ppfqif
aejcif;rsm;udk csufcsif;&yfwef@&ef?
vlukeful;jcif;rsm; jzpfyGm;&onfh t"dut&if;tjrpfudk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;Edkif&eftwGuf vlukeful;r_ wdkufzsuf
a&; ay:vpDrsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyf&ef?
vlukeful;cH&olrsm;udk ulnDaeolrsm;tygt0if vlxktajcjyKtzJG@tpnf;rsm;. v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tay: csrSwf
xm;onfh uef@owfr_ tm;vHk;udk &kyfodrf;&ef?
EdkifiHwumtodkif;t0dkif; taejzifh 'Drdkua&pDrqefaom ppfwyfausmaxmufaemufcHjyKxm;onfhtpdk;&udk todtrSwfrjyK&ef?
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37

aemufqufwJG - 1 a&G;cs,fxm;onfh jzpfpOfrsm;

jzpfpOf 13

vlukeful;r_ jzpfyGm;cJhonfh ae@&uf - Edk0ifbmv 2004 ckESpf

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avG;Z-/ yavmiftrsKd;orD;/ 18 ESpf
vlukeful;ol -

rdkif;u-/ yavmiftrsKd;om;/ 23 ESpf

rd k i f ; u- erf h q ef + rd K @e,f & S d 18

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38

jzpfpOf 17

vlukeful;r_ jzpfyGm;cJhonfh ae@&uf - 2004 ckESpf

vlukeful;r_ jzpfyGm;&m ae&m - erfhcrf;+rdK@e,f/ &Srf;jynfajrmufydkif;
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avG;C-/ yavmiftrsKd;orD;/ 21 ESpf
avG;i-/ &Srf;trsKd;orD;/ 20 ESpf
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jzpfpOf 32

vlukeful;r_ jzpfyGm;cJhonfh ae@&uf - arv 2007 ckESpf

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39

jzpfpOf 69

vlukeful;r_ jzpfyGm;cJhonfh ae@&uf - pufwifbm 2010 ckESpf

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jzpfpOf 69

vlukeful;r_ jzpfyGm;cJhonfh ae@&uf - pufwifbm 4 &uf/ 2009 ckESpf

vlukeful;r_ jzpfyGm;&m ae&m - erfhcrf;+rdK@e,f/ &Srf;jynfajrmufydkif;
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54

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55

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Virus of tea, Palaung Working Group, 2008, available in Burmese at www.palaungland.org

2010 election news, November 9, 2010 at www.palaungwomen.com
Driven Away, Kachin Womens Association of Thailand, 2005.
Eastward Bound, Kachin Womens Association of Thailand, 2008.
Ibid.
The Effect of Chinas One-Child Family Policy after 25 years, Hesketh, T. & Xing, Z.W,
in The New England Journal of Medicine, 2005, 353:1171-1176.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Combined second and third report of Myanmar to the CEDAW Committee, September 4,
2007, p. 13.
Information provided by the Government of Myanmar in follow-up to the concluding
observations of the CEDAW Committee, October 25, 2010, p.2
Combined second and third report of Myanmar to the CEDAW Committee, September 4, 2007,
p. 20.
Poisoned Hills, Palaung Womens Organization, 2010.
Report of the Special Rapporteur on Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children
to the UN Human Rights Council, February 20, 2009, p.9.
The third Protocol is The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in
Firearms, their Parts and Components and Ammunition.
Violence against and Trafficking in Women as Symptoms of Discrimination: The Potential
of CEDAW as an Antidote, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific,
Gender and Development Discussion Paper Series No.17 (December 2005) pg.5.
United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organised Crime And The Protocols
Thereto, Article 3, Paragraph a. UNODC Vienna, 2004.
Gender and Development Discussion Paper Series, No.17, ESCAP, 2005, p.5.
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime and its Protocols,
UNODC website at http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CTOC/index.html Accessed
February 3, 2011.
Ibid.
Laws and Policies: National Legal and Policy Framework around Trafficking in Persons,
ARTIP website at http://www.artipproject.org/artip-tip-cjs/laws-policies-national-ams.
html Accessed February 7, 2011.
Gender and Development Discussion Paper Series, No.17, ESCAP, 2005, p.27.

23

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25

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27
28

29
30

31

32

33

34
35

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United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against

Women, Part I, Article 6. United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women website
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/text/econvention.htm#article6
Accessed
February 4, 2011.
Gender and Development Discussion Paper Series, No.17, ESCAP, 2005, p.11-12.
Anti-Trafficking in Persons Law, Chapter IX, The Union of Myanmar State Peace and
Development Council Law No. 5/ 2005, 2005.
Ibid., Chapter I.
Ibid., Chapter II.
The Mekong Region Country Datasheets on Human Trafficking 2010, UNIAP, September
2010, p.23
Ibid.
The Mekong Region Country Datasheets on Human Trafficking 2010, UNIAP, September
2010, p.ii.
Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation Against Trafficking in Persons in the
Greater Mekong Sub-Region, October 29, 2004, p.1-6.
COMMIT: The Coordinated Mekong Ministerial Initiative Against Trafficking, UNIAP
website http://www.no-trafficking.org/commit.html Accessed February 7, 2011.
Progress report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar,
Toms Ojea Quintana, March 2010, p.5.
Chapter 6: Trafficking and Smuggling, Burma Human Rights Yearbook, 2008, p.243.
Progress report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar,
Toms Ojea Quintana, March 2010, p.5.
Ibid., p.21.
Gender and Development Discussion Paper Series, No.17, ESCAP, 2005, p. 12.
The Anti-Corruption Plain Language Guide, Transparency International, 2009, p.14
Chapter 6: Trafficking and Smuggling, Burma Human Rights Yearbook, 2008, p.245.
Ibid., p.276.
Ibid., p.267.
Ibid., p.268.
Ibid., p.245-276.
Ibid., p.267.
Gender and Corruption, Transparency International, Working Paper No.3, 2007, p.3.

57

2011 ckESpfwGif yHkESdyfxkwfa0onf?

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P.O. Box 98
63110, Tak
Mae Sot, Thailand
58

tD;arJ;vf: pwotaang@gmail.com
0ufqdk'f: www.palaungwomen.com

aus;Zl;wifpum;
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tpD&ifcHpm yHkESdyfxkwfa0Edkifonfhtxd bma&;ulnDyHhydk;ay;onfh International Womens Development
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ajryHkqJGay;jcif;/ bmomjyefjcif;wdk@jzifh pdwf&Snfvuf&Snfyl;aygif;yg0ifay;=uonfh TSYO ESifh PSLF wdk@udkvnf;

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tptqHk;vufwJGvkyfudkifay;aom Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) rS apwemh0efxrf; Ms.Jane Welch
jzpfygonf?

59

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