Contents
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 2 1. Load Summation........................................................................................................................ 3
Example 1: Load Summation................................................................................................................................ 3
3. Cable sizing................................................................................................................................ 7
Example 3.1: Cable sizing: Grouped cable subject to simultaneous overload ....................................................... 7 Example 3.2: Cable sizing: Grouped cable not subject to simultaneous overload ................................................. 8 Example 3.3: Cable sizing motor circuit .............................................................................................................. 9 Example 3.4: Cable sizing: ring final circuit to sockets.......................................................................................... 10 Example 3.5: Cable sizing: cable run through thermal insulation........................................................................... 10 Example 3.6: Cable sizing: in enclosed trench ..................................................................................................... 11
4. Voltage Drop............................................................................................................................ 12
Example 4.1: Voltage drop calculation ................................................................................................................ 12
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Summarise load currents: Table 1: Summary of phase load currents connected to SM-3 Load Phase L1 (A) Load 1 Load 2 Load 3 70 0 20 PF 0.9 0 1.0 Phase L2 (A) 70 0 0 PF 0.9 0 0 Phase L3 (A) 70 15 0 PF 0.9 0.8 0 Diversity At Load 0.8 1.0 1.0 At DB 0.9 0.9 0.9
Loads resolved into resistive and reactive components and diversity applied: Using: r = z cos = PF; and x = r tan(cos-1) Load 1: r = 70 x 0.9 = 63 A; x = 63 x 0.484 = 30.5122926 A
Diversity for load = 0.8 x 0.9, therefore: r = 63 x 0.72 = 45.36 A; x = 30.5122926 x 0.72 = 21.96885067 A Load 2: r = 15 x 0.8 = 12 A; x = 12 x 0.75 = 9 A Diversity for load = 1.0 x 0.9, therefore: r = 12 x 0.9 = 10.8 A; x = 9 x 0.9 = 8.1 A Load 3: r = 20 x 1.0 = 20 A; x = 20 x 0 = 0 A Diversity for load = 1.0 x 0.9, therefore: r = 20 x 0.9 = 18 A; x = 0 x 0.9 = 0 A
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Total load current/power factor: using: I = (r2+x2); and PF = r/z Phase L1: (63.362 + 21.968850672) = 67.06056963 A; and PF = 63.36/67.06056963 = 0.944817503 Phase L2: (45.362 + 21.968850672) = 50.4 A; and PF = 45.36/50.4 = 0.90 Phase L3: (56.162 + 30.06885672) = 63.70307483 A; and PF = 56.16/63.70307483 = 0.881590098
Compare to ProDesign Results: Rounded to 2 decimal places, gives same values as report:
Phase L1: 67.06 A, 0.94 PF; Phase L2: 50.40 A; 0.90 PF; Phase L3: 63.70 A; 0.88 PF
Summing Phase Loads to Give Neutral Load Current: To find the neutral current, the three phase load current vectors are summed. From Table 2 above, the phase load current components are: L1: r = 63.36, x = 21.96885067; L2: r = 45.36, x = 21.96885067; L3: r = 56.16, x = 30.0688567. Expressed as complex numbers, the phase load current vectors are: L1= 63.36 + j21.96885067; L2= 45.36 + j21.96885067; L3 = 56.16 +j30.0688567.
Before summing the phase currents, the phase load vectors have to be rotated by their phase angle displacements: L1 + 0 rads (or 0); L2 + 2/3 rads (or 120); L3 + 4/3 rads (or 240).
To do this the complex numbers representing the vectors are converted to polar form, as follows: Complex form: Z = r +jx; Polar form: Z, where: = tan-1(x/r) In polar form: L2 = Z = 50.4tan-1(21.96885067/45.36)= 50.40.451026811 L3 =Z = 63.70307483tan-1(30.0688567/56.16) = 63.703074830.491575912
Then the phase angle displacements are added: L2 = 50.40.451026811 + 02.094395102 = 50.42.545421913 L3 = 63.703074830.491575912 + 04.188790205 = 63.703074834.680366117
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L2 = 41.70558274 + j28.29848703 L3 = 2.039606231 j63.67041502 L1 + L2 + L3 = N = 19.61481103 j13.40307732 Find the neutral current magnitude from the resistive and reactive components: Neutral current = (r2 + x2) = (19.614811032 13.403077322) = 23.75675258 A
Compare to ProDesign Results: Rounded to 2 decimal places, gives same value as report:
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Sub-main SM-4
The minimum required rating for grouped cables subject to simultaneous overload needs to satisfy: It In/Cg Therefore, the minimum cable capacity Iz, when grouped, is determined from: Iz = In/Cg (or Iz = Ir/Cg where the CPD is adjustable). Cable details and installed conditions: Cable type: Multi Core XLPE Non-Armoured Cu Table 4E2; Size = set to Auto; Installation Method: Method 8 In trunking (Reference Method 3); Length = 30 m; Ambient Temperature = 35. Grouping: Circuit in Group = 6; Grouping Subject to Simultaneous Overload. CPD details: The selected CPD is: Merlin Gerin, Compact MCCB, NS100H, TM-D, Rating 80 A. The overload is adjusted to 0.8, which gives an overload current setting (Ir) = 0.8 x 80 = 64 A. Determination of minimum cable capacity Iz: Derating Factors: Ambient Temperature = 35, from Table 4C1, for Thermosetting 90 cable: Ca = 0.96 Grouping: from Table 4B1, for Enclosed (Reference Method 3), 6 in group: Cg = 0.57 Calculation: Iz = Ir/(Ca x Cg) = 64/(0.96 x 0.57) = 116.96 A Determination of cable size: From Table 4E2A, column 5 (Reference Method 3, 1 three or four-core cable, three-phase a.c): 25 mm2 cable, It = 105 A; 35 mm2 cable, It = 128 A Therefore, ProDesign sizes the cable at 35 mm2, i.e., 128 116.96 (ItIz)
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Sub-main SM-3
The minimum required rating for grouped cables not subject to simultaneous overload is the larger of the two values resulting from: It Ib / Cg, or: It {In2 + 0.48Ib2 [(1 Cg2) / Cg2]} Therefore, the minimum cable capacity Iz is determined from the larger result of the following two calculations: Iz = Ib/Cg, or: Iz = {In2 + 0.48Ib2 [(1 Cg2) /Cg2]} Cable details and installed conditions: Cable type: Multi Core PVC.SWA.PVC Cu Table 4D2; Size = set to Auto; Installation Method: Method 13 On ladder supports (Reference Method 13); Length = 10 m. Ambient Temperature = 30. Grouping: Circuit in Group = 4; Grouping Not Subject to Simultaneous Overload. CPD details: The selected CPD is: Generic, BS 88 Fuse, HRC, gG(General), Rating set to Auto. The design current Ib = 67.06 A, therefore, ProDesign has set the CPD rating In = 80 A. Determination of minimum cable capacity Iz: Derating Factors: Ambient Temperature = 30: Ca = 1 Grouping (not subject to simultaneous overload): from Table 4B1, for Enclosed (Reference Method 13), 4 in group: Cg = 0.80 Calculation: Iz = Ib/Cg = 67.06/0.8 = 83.83 A; and Iz = {802 + 0.48 x 67.062 [(1 0.82) / 0.82]} = 87.26 A Therefore, the minimum cable capacity Iz = 87.26 A Determination of cable size: From Table 4D2A, column 9 (Reference Method 13, 1 three- or four-core cable, three-phase ac): 16 mm2 cable, It = 80 A; 25 mm2 cable, It = 101 A Therefore, ProDesign sizes the cable at 25 mm2, i.e., 101 87.26 (ItIz)
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Because it is assumed in the cable sizing calculation that the overload setting and the design current are at the same level, where the overload cannot be set at the design current, the user should enter the overload setting as the design current Ib (Load Current). Cable details and installed conditions: Cable type: Multi Core XLPE.SWA.PVC Cu Table 4E4; Size = set to Auto; Installation Method: Method 11 On tray (Reference Method 11); Length = 10 m; Ambient Temperature = 40. Grouping: None. CPD details: The selected CPD is: Generic, BS 88 Fuse, HRC, gG(General), Rating set to Auto. The design current Ib = 19.78 A. ProDesign has set the CPD rating In = 50 A (see Example 2.2 above). Determination of minimum cable capacity Iz: Derating Factors: Ambient Temperature = 40, from Table 4C1, for Thermosetting 90 cable: Ca = 0.91 Calculation: Minimum cable capacity Iz = Ib/Ca = 19.78/0.91 = 21.74 A Determination of cable size: From Table 4E4A, column 9 (Reference Method 11, 1 three- or four-core cable, three-phase ac): 1.5 mm2 cable, It = 25 A
Therefore, ProDesign sizes the cable at 1.5 mm2, i.e., 25 21.74 (ItIz)
NOTE: during the phase fault calculation this cable, as all others, will be subject to an adiabatic check to ensure that it is correctly protected by the selected CPD.
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Therefore, ProDesign sizes the cable at 2.5 mm2. i.e., 27 21.48 (ItIz)
4E2, Col. 9
346 399
185
240 300
0.70
0.69 0.68
315/0.70 = 450.0
315/0.69 = 456.5 315/0.68 = 463.2
456
538 621
Comparing the data for each cable size it can be seen that the smallest cable size to comply is 185 mm2: 456 450 (ItIz).
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The circuit impedance and voltage drop calculation: r 1.100 0.6351 0.5716 0.5178 3.1785 x 0.170 0.0982 0.0428 0.0428 1.5394 0.5606 3.5317 Z data from table [m/m] per phase conductor [3] correction for power factor [cos r + sin x] r corrected for temperature, using Ct = 0.9059*. [Z = r + x] Total Voltage drop (V) [r = (Ir x Z x length)/1000; x = (Ix x Z x length)/1000; Z = (r2 + x2)] * Ct calculated using formula (10)* from Appendix 4.7.1: Ct = {230 + tp [Ca2Cg2 (Ib2/It2)](tp 30)} / (230 + tp) tp = max. permitted normal operating temperature.
Therefore, when calculated, ProDesign gives a voltage drop error message for this circuit.
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Calculating fault current: Ifmax = Uph / (Ze + Z1) = 230 / 0.0242 = 9,494 A = 9.494 kA
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Calculating fault current: Ifmax = Uph / (Ze + Z1 + Zn) = 230/0.0311 = 7.390 A = 7.390 kA
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Therefore the cable complies with the adiabatic requirement: 800 x 103 < 699.87 x 106
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Z2: 3ph cable impedance from Table 4E2B, col. 4 [r: m/m @ 90] single conductor [3] corrected for temperature [r @ 20 = r90 / (1 + (90 20) x 0.004)] corrected for fault temperature [Using Multiplier 54C = 1.28 in Table E2] calculated for 40 m circuit length [] Z = (R2 + X2)
0.0280
0.0262
0.0384
R = re + r1 + r2; X = xe + x1 + x2;
Calculate earth fault current Ief: Ief = U0/Zs = 230/0.0384 = 5,997 A = 5.997 kA
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Therefore, the circuit complies with the earth fault disconnection requirement: 0.67 < 5 s
Therefore, the CPC complies with adiabatic requirement: 50 > 34.43 mm2
Therefore, the circuit complies with the earth fault disconnection requirement: 0.11 s < 0.4 s
Where an RCD is used to ensure disconnection within the specified time, it is necessary to ensure that the circuit complies with the touch voltage requirement: Zs x In 50 V (413-02-16) where: Zs = earth fault loop impedance(); In = RCD trip setting (A). For this circuit, Zs = 0.4655 and In = 0.3 A, and: 0.4655 x 0.3 50 V
Therefore, the circuit complies with the touch voltage requirement: 0.14 50 V
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