( Grammar )
Pronouns
: a pronoun replaces a noun
Subject pronouns
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
Object pronouns
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
Singular ( )
Plural ( )
Possessive adjectives
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
- This is my book.
Possessive pronouns
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
Reflexive pronouns
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
Reflexive pronouns
myself yourself himself herself itself
ourselves yourselves themselves
( ) -1
My father himself cleaned the car -2
( Did you do your homework on your own?
( on your own = by yourself = alone -3
: -4
approach afford bath dress shave wash meet sit down stand up worry decide remember concentrate
I shaved after I had got up
( She put her bag next to her (herself
position place -5
( Idioms with reflexive pronouns ) -6
enjoyed ourselves behave themselves help yourself make yourself
Let the kid do it for himself ( for ) -7
He lives by himself = alone ( by ) -8
I answered these questions by myself = no body helped me
Ali cut himself
Practice
.Fill in the gaps *
?A: Welcome to the class.
2- A: That is Hans. ..is
.B: am David and this is
from Germany.
.Maria. is from Italy
?A: And who are ..?
5- A: Do you know Maria?
. B: ..are new students from Qatar.
B: No, I don't know ... .
3- A: Where is Qatar -1
B: is near Saudi Arabia
6- A: Do you know the teacher -4
B: No, I don't know
( some of ( us
( any of ( them
. all of /
. both of
( few of ( you
( a few of ( it
. none of
. either of
: Other pronouns
Who visits her? -
:
somebody / one
everybody / one
anybody / one
( Indefinite pronouns )
something
somewhere
nowhere
anything
anywhere
nothing
everything
everywhere
nobody / one
Do you need anything else? Somebody else called you ( else ) somebody's explanation - someone's suggestion everyone's clothes this / - that / - those - these : ( Demonstrative pronouns )
( Adjective )
Syllables
) ( syllables
.
One syllable
Two syllables
Three syllables Four syllables
Five syllables
Six syllables
tree
be-long
sub-ma-rine
ex-pe-di-tion
ca-pa-bil-i-ty
ex-tra-cur-ric-u-lar
Comparative
l taller than - long longer than }
-1
n
Adel is taller than Ahmed
-2
. i y er
py happier - funny funnier
-3
.er
bigger - hothotter - fat fatter
-4
more
. than
tiful more beautiful than
erous more dangerous than
The lion is more dangerous than the fox
s
-5
big - less expensive - less thin
The fox is less dangerous than the lion
ctive
d
d
ar
Superlative
{ tall the tallest - long the longest }
est
-1
.the
.Ex. Adel is the tallest student in our class
.i y
-2
happy happiest - funny funniest
.the most
-3
exciting the most exciting
terrifying the most terrifying
Ex. The Piranha fish is the most terrifying
.creature
least
-4
.) (
beautiful the least beautiful
: est er
Comparative
better
worse
farther/furthe
r
Superlative
best
worst
farthest/furthest
Adjective
little
much
many
Comparative
less
more
more
Superlative
least
most
most
. as .as
a bit
-1
. much a lot
Exercises
.Choose the correct answer -1
.Question two is not ( much too far as ) difficult as question one .The question is ( difficult the most difficult more difficult ) of all .Correct the following adjectives -2
.This is the ( interesting ) book I have ever read .The weather today is ( good ) than it was last year .Rewrite the following using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning -3
( The house and the villa are the same price.
( expensive ( No mountain in the world is higher than Everest.
( highest
.
( Grammar )
Countable
t a banana every day ke bananas banana
.bananas a banana
. a an
ook
an orange
a table
any some
.
ere are some books e there any books )( few )( many
.
ere are many students in school ere are a few students in school -
dation
ssion
Uncountable
.I eat rice every day .I like rice rice
.one rice two rices
: a an
a water
a tea
a sugar
:
a bowl of rice
a drop of water
a cup of tea
a game of tennis
. any some
.We listened to some music ?Do you listen to any music little )( much
.()
.I have a little work to do much sugar
much advice -
: ) ( :
traffic
advice
bread
furniture
luggage
progress
weather
baggage
chaos
news
work
information
scenery
blood
freedom
fun
silver
travel
clothing
knowledge
.I am looking for work.
Countable
ought a paper to read . paper
ere's a hair in my soup . a hair
d some interesting experiences while I was way
.
u can stay with us, there is a spare room
joy your holiday. Have a good time
Uncountable
.I need some paper to write on .
.You have got very long hair . hairs
They offered me the job because I had a lot of .experience. experiences
.You can't sit here. There isn't room . space
.I can't wait. I haven't got time .
Exercises
.Put in a an or some where necessary .I've seen .. good films recently -1
.When I was .. child, I used to be very shy -2
?Would you like to be .. actor -3
!What beautiful garden -4
.I'm going shopping. I want to buy .. new shoes -5
.Which of the underlined parts of these sentences is correct .(If you want to know the news, you can read ( paper/a paper -1
.I had to buy ( a/some ) bread because I wanted to make ( an/some ) sandwiches -2
.Your hair is/Your hairs are ) too long. You should have ( it/them ) cut ) -3
.It's very difficult to find a ( work/job ) at the moment -4
.We had ( very good weather/a very good weather ) while we were on holiday -5
.Bad news ( don't/doesn't ) make people happy -6
(Grammar )
Relative Clauses
Relative Clauses .
.A clause is a group of words which contains a subject and a verb and which is part of a larger sentence A relative clause tells us which person or thing ( or what kind of person or thing ) the speaker means. Also, it acts .an adjective qualifying either a subject or an object
Relative clauses connectors
[ who that which whose where when ]
.A butcher is somebody. He sells meat -1
.A butcher is somebody who/that sells meat
. who/that
Relative Clause
.The woman who lives next door is a doctor relative clause
.
The woman who lives next door
.
.This is the book. It talks about history -2
.This is the book that/which talks about history
. that/which
.A) This is the man. I met him yesterday -3
.This is the man who/that I met yesterday
.B) This is the book. I bought it yesterday
.This is the book which/that I bought yesterday
him, it, ) relative pronoun ) ( object) A+B 3
This is the man I met yesterday who/that
. B who/that) relative clause) him) relative pronoun)
.A widow is a woman. Her husband is dead -4
.A widow is a woman whose husband is dead
.( our your its my his her ) whose
.This is the hotel. We stayed in it last year -5
.This is the hotel where we stayed last year
. where
.I saw the film. I was in Paris at that time -6
.I saw the film when I was in Paris
. when
Exercises
.Choose the correct answer
.I watched the film yesterday ( who which where when ) won five prizes -1
? What is the name of the school ( who which where whose ) your son goes to -2
.A watch is something ( that we use when we use that we use it ) to tell the time -3
.Complete the following sentences with suitable relative clause
.An orphan is a child . Parents are dead -1
.A cemetery is a place . People are buried -2
.The place . We spent our holidays was really beautiful -3
(Grammar )
ave got
ar
a car
a car
I haven't
he hasn't
Have
?Do you have a car
?Does he have a car
.No, I don't have a car
.No, he doesn't have a car
.Yes, I do. / No, I don't
.Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't
: have got have
Have = noun -1
activity or a habit
:
2- I have got some sandwiches. Would you like one -1
Exercises
.Notice that (have) and (have got) are used in different ways in the question, short answer and negative forms
.Ask and answer questions about the following -1
a camera brothers and sisters a stereo your parents/ a holiday home
a computer your sister/ a car a bicycle your brother/ a motorbike
.Choose the correct answer -2
.I usually ( have have got having got ) a shower every day .He ( has has got had ) his breakfast at eight every day .( Has he got a camera? Yes, he ( have does has has got .Rewrite the following using the words in brackets to give the same meaning -3
( They don't have any children.
( got ( The house hasn't got a garden.
( doesn't ( Does Ali have a car?
( got .Look at the wrong sentences and compare them with the right sentences -4
(
) .I've got a shower in the morning .(
)
I have a shower in the morning (
) ?What time have you got lunch? (
)
What time do you have lunch -