BAB V

ANALISIS DAN DISAIN PONDASI

5.1. Umum
Laporan Design Pondasi ini merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan
dengan laporan Detail Desain Perencanaan Gedung .. yang berisi
uraian tentang konsep, rumusan kriteria design serta pemilihan type dan jenis
pondasi yang akan di gunakan sesuai dengan hasil perhitungan.

5.2. Desain Pondasi

Perhitungan beban yang direncanakan akan diterima pondasi telah
dilakukan oleh tim perencanaan stuktur atas (upper structure). Data beban yang
diterima oleh pondasi dapat dilihat sebagai berikut.
Computer Program SANSPRO V.4.91
Structural Analysis and Design
(C) Nathan Madutujuh, ESRC, 2008
Licensee
Project
Model File
Date
Output

:
:
:
:
:

Ir. Rani Hendrikus, MS, UNIKA WIDYA MANDIRA, KUPANG

D:\Proyek 2011\Mido Sekolah\Escola_Str.MDL
28\06\2011
Support Reactions

Load Combination : Using Automatic (Computer generated) Load Combinations

Load Factor : No (Unfactored Output)
Ductility, Rx :
8.50
Ductility, Rz :
8.50
EQ Load Multiplier : NO (OmgX = 1.0, OmgZ = 1.0)
Use LLRF1
: NO (LLRF1 = 1.0, No Axial Reduction for Story Effects)
Use LLRF2
: NO (LLRF2 = 1.0, No Live Load Reduction for Earthquake)
SUPPORT REACTIONS:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Floor Node
Nmin
Nmax
Vx,max
Vz,max
Mx,min
Mx,max
Mz,min
Mz,max
Id
(kg)
(kg)
(kg)
(kg)
(kg.cm)
(kg.cm)
(kg.cm)
(kg.cm)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0
14
-9666.8
36849.1
2239.5
2839.3
-547621.9
554255.8
-513316.6
509047.7
0
27
6523.4
38385.1
2225.6
3971.6
-622407.2
631865.8
-514538.6
514389.7
0
40
13551.3
38596.6
2349.2
3087.2
-557742.9
572910.8
-527189.7
518556.2
0
53
7220.0
34475.3
2284.2
1844.9
-480384.4
489954.9
-527406.9
525777.5
0
15
-2051.5
41283.3
3315.5
2841.9
-545612.9
549034.4
-585046.8
580433.8
0
28
16697.7
49594.1
3309.7
3935.0
-618269.0
627246.1
-586810.3
584973.6
0
41
29103.0
53640.7
2916.6
3160.6
-560001.4
575622.4
-565011.1
552415.9
0
54
18959.4
43474.1
3390.6
1858.7
-478680.3
483171.4
-601163.7
598658.3
0
16
-471.2
41600.6
2941.2
2915.3
-546105.6
544488.5
-560092.4
559517.4
0
29
19896.8
59874.0
3072.5
3559.3
-590524.7
573843.7
-571000.3
569288.5
0
55
28027.4
44450.4
3139.9
1157.0
-419599.5
437627.9
-584449.8
582937.7
0
17
175.4
42613.4
2948.3
2806.0
-537213.5
539610.8
-559868.6
560564.8
0
30
20626.9
52267.0
2947.1
3868.1
-608210.2
616120.9
-561962.1
562635.5
0
43
41985.9
56423.2
1809.9
3202.7
-556641.7
572616.8
-490433.7
491225.9
0
56
23206.6
45449.8
3009.3
1829.4
-470817.6
474285.2
-575699.2
575741.3
0
6
1332.1
41613.7
1503.3
2540.4
-513953.1
521582.1
-461824.7
443483.4
0
19
22397.4
37096.2
2694.8
4501.3
-644567.1
648456.2
-543667.2
510216.3
0
32
22806.2
57468.7
2788.8
3863.4
-597587.8
610941.7
-552083.4
503983.5
0
45
29549.3
43065.8
2819.2
3162.0
-546650.1
564175.4
-558521.5
475921.5
0
58
19673.4
39609.1
3076.0
1789.9
-461236.3
472629.4
-580188.5
573465.9
0
18
-419.0
39801.1
2991.4
2886.0
-538362.4
536326.4
-563439.1
559479.6
0
31
19337.5
58594.0
3093.0
3481.0
-579495.7
565378.6
-572360.0
570926.6
0
57
27945.9
44286.1
3149.8
1135.6
-415284.5
430315.8
-582870.5
585109.6
0
59
19275.5
23835.0
3171.0
2330.1
-406250.6
506961.2
-586522.1
586522.1
0
8
1255.0
41690.8
1503.9
2542.5
-514764.4
522393.4
-443523.5
461864.8
0
21
22422.4
37071.0
2694.6
4506.6
-645585.1
649474.3
-510204.7
543655.3
0
34
22754.0
57520.6
2789.3
3870.0
-598685.5
612039.4
-504017.6
552117.3
0
47
29564.0
43051.0
2821.9
3168.4
-547740.7
565265.9
-476105.8
558705.8
0
60
19655.7
39626.8
3076.0
1793.3
-462123.4
473516.5
-573470.5
580193.0
0
22
-468.0
39850.0
2991.2
2891.7
-539427.4
537391.3
-559464.6
563423.8
0
35
19349.5
58582.0
3092.9
3485.7
-580496.7
566379.5
-570923.4
572356.5
0
61
27957.5
44274.5
3149.8
1139.0
-416240.5
431271.8
-585109.1
582870.0

LAPORAN STRUKTUR

V-1

0
23
138.7
42650.1
2948.2
2811.2
-538248.9
540646.1
-560563.4
559866.8
0
36
20604.3
52289.6
2947.1
3875.3
-609384.3
617295.0
-562635.8
561962.2
0
49
41982.6
56426.5
1809.8
3208.6
-557724.0
573699.1
-491224.3
490432.2
0
62
23192.5
45463.9
3009.3
1832.8
-471731.2
475198.7
-575741.2
575699.1
0
25
-1980.8
41212.9
3315.5
2847.1
-546649.2
550070.7
-580433.9
585046.8
0
38
16647.8
49644.2
3309.7
3942.3
-619442.3
628419.4
-584969.9
586806.5
0
51
29112.8
53630.9
2916.8
3166.4
-561077.5
576698.4
-552429.4
565024.5
0
64
18925.1
43508.4
3390.7
1862.1
-479598.6
484089.6
-598661.2
601166.6
0
26
-9749.7
36931.9
2239.5
2844.5
-548660.7
555294.6
-509047.5
513316.5
0
39
6575.0
38333.6
2225.6
3978.9
-623589.6
633048.2
-514389.4
514538.3
0
52
13544.2
38603.6
2349.3
3092.8
-558808.2
573976.0
-518559.5
527193.0
0
65
7342.9
34352.4
2284.2
1848.3
-481300.2
490870.7
-525778.6
527408.1
0
24
-509.0
41638.4
2941.2
2920.5
-547146.9
545529.8
-559517.7
560092.4
0
37
19868.9
59901.8
3072.5
3565.9
-591657.4
574976.4
-569288.5
570999.9
0
63
28020.9
44456.9
3139.9
1158.4
-420383.7
438412.0
-582938.5
584450.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------REACTIONS FROM SPRING ELEMENT:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Load
Sum,Rx
Sum,Ry
Sum,Rz
Sum,Mx
Sum,My
Sum,Mz
Comb
(kg)
(kg)
(kg)
(kg.cm)
(kg.cm)
(kg.cm)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
0.0
1563633.1
0.0
240887.1
0.0
-1.6
2
38730.7
2075670.1
131273.9
25690593.3
24131.0
7780006.4
3
-37413.4
1975913.1
124044.9
24291493.2
-24130.9
-7692195.4
4
37413.4
1151353.1
-124044.9
-23809719.0
24131.0
7692192.3
5
-38730.7
1051596.1
-131273.9
-25208819.0
-24130.9
-7780009.5
6
127104.4
1868542.2
50346.1
9997767.3
80436.5
25800173.6
7
-126709.3
1536019.1
26249.6
5334100.6
-80436.4
-25773832.5
8
126709.3
1591247.1
-26249.6
-4852326.4
80436.5
25773829.4
9
-127104.4
1258724.0
-50346.1
-9515993.1
-80436.4
-25800176.7
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dari data beban tekan yang bekerja pada pondasi terlihat bahwa nilai
beban < 60 ton. Pondasi bangunan direncanakan menggunakan pondasi telapak
bujur sangkar beton bertulang yang diletakkan pada kedalaman 2.0 m. Penggalian
dapat dilakukan dengan cara manual oleh manusia atau menggunakan excavator.
Dalam desain ini ukuran pondasi telapak dibuat bujur sangkar yaitu 1.50 m
dengan mengambil beban sebesar 60 ton
Perhitungan daya dukung pondasi telapak bujur sangkar dilakukan dengan
Metode Terzaghi (1943). Menurut teori ini pondasi dangkal ialah pondasi yang
diletakkan pada kedalaman (Df) kurang atau sama dengan lebar pondasi. Namun
pada perkembangannya pondasi dengan Df sama dengan 3 sampai 4 kali dari
lebar pondasi masih didefinisikan sebagai pondasi dangkal. Jadi analisis pondasi
untuk bangunan ini memenuhi persyaratan rumusan pondasi dangkal Terzaghi.
Untuk pondasi pada tanah kering dan berbentuk bujursangkar yang menunjukkan
kondisi general shear failure, Terzaghi menyarankan rumus sebagai berikut :
qu = 1,3 cNc + q Nq + 0,4 B N

Kapasitas dukung ultimit tersebut dibagi faktor keamanan sebesar 4

menghasilkan kapasitas dukung aman terhadap beban tekan yang bekerja.
Disain pondasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan prorgam komputer Spread
Footing Design For Windows 1.0 yang merupakan salah satu program
LAPORAN STRUKTUR

V-2

pelengkap dari Sans For Windows V.4.76. Data gaya pondasi diperoleh dari
analisis gaya yang dihasilkan oleh program Sans For Windows V.4.76 dan
beberapa data-data tambahan yaitu :

Mutu beton (fc)

Mutu baja (fy)
Kedalaman pondasi dari muka tanah
Berat jenis tanah

:
:
:
:

20 Mpa
2400
2,00 m
1800 kg/m3

Desain pondasi dilakukan berdasarkan besaran beban yang dipikul oleh pondasi.
Besaran beban merupakan output dari program Sans. Secara terperinci dapat
dilihat pada lampiran IV-02, sedangkan posisi dan type pondasi dapat dilihat pada
gambar kerja.

5.3.

Resume Desain Pondasi

TYPE F1
FOOT - Spread Footing Design V.1.0
(C) Nathan Madutujuh, 1999
Engineering Software Research Center
Licensee : Seminar SANS for Windows 1999, UNWIRA, Kupang, NTT
Project :
Job Name :
SPREAD FOOTING DESIGN
Foundation Type : Spread Footing, 1-way
Design Code
: PBI-91
Factor for Dead Load =
Factor for Live Load =
Strength Reduction for
Strength Reduction for
Footing Width,
By
Footing Length,
Footing Slab Thickness,
Column Wall Thickness,
Depth of Slab Base,
Column/Wall Eccentricity,

1.20
1.60
Moment = 0.80
Shear = 0.70
= W
Bx
Tp
T1
Ht
ex

=
=
=
=
=
=

150.00
150.00
35.00
35.00
200.00
0.00

cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm

Concrete Unit Weight,

Gm =
Concrete Compr. Strength, fc1 =
Concrete Cover,
cv =

2400.00 kg/m3
275.00 kg/cm2
5.00 cm

Rebar Yield Strength,

Rebar Diameter,

fy
db

=
=

3200.00 kg/cm2
1.60 cm

Allowable Soil Stress,

qa

2.50 kg/cm2

Factored Axial Load,

Factored Moment,
Factored Shear,

Nu
Mux
Vux

= 59901.80000 kg
= 574976.40000 kg.cm
=
3072.50000 kg.cm

COLUMN/WALL DESIGN:

LAPORAN STRUKTUR

V-3

Factored Axial Load,

Nw = 60386.90000 kg
Factored Moment,
Mwx = 68013.90000 kg.cm
Factored Shear,
Vwx =
3072.50000 kg.cm
-> USE COLUMN DESIGN PROGRAM TO FIND COLUMN REBAR
SOIL PRESSURE: (1-way and 2-way action)
Allowable soil
Maximum
soil
Minimum
soil
Soil stress at
Soil stress at

stress, qa
stress, q_max
stress, q_min
left,
q_left
right, q_right

=
=
=
=
=

2.500
2.094
1.921
2.094
1.921

kg/cm2
kg/cm2 -> OK
kg/cm2
kg/cm2 -> OK
kg/cm2 -> OK

CONCRETE SLAB DESIGN:

Note: One-way action is assumed.
SHEAR CHECKING : (one-way action)
Concrete Allowable Shear Stress, vc1 =
6.155 kg/cm2
Critical section, at left, x1 =
22.500 cm
Critical section, at right, x2 = 127.500 cm
Shear stress, left side =
Shear stress, right side =

1.873 kg/cm2 -> OK

1.740 kg/cm2 -> OK

SHEAR CHECKING : (punching shear action)

Allowable Punching Shear Stress, vc2 =
Perimeter of Critical Section
SC =
Punching Shear Stress

18.466 kg/cm2
280.000 cm
6.452 kg/cm2 -> OK

MOMENT CHECKING : (one-way action)

Critical section, at left, x1 =
Critical section, at right, x2 =
Soil Stress, at left side, fx1
Shear Force, at left side, Vsx
Location of Resultant,
xs
Moment Force,
Msx
Bending Rebar = d16-17.5 cm

57.500 cm
92.500 cm

=
2.027 kg/cm2
= 24880.103 kg
=
28.904 cm
= 719134.093 kg.cm

Soil Stress, at right side, fx2 =

1.987 kg/cm2
Shear Force, at right side, Vsx = 23593.884 kg
Location of Resultant,
xs =
28.588 cm
Moment Force,
Msx = 674493.043 kg.cm
Bending Rebar = d16-15.0 cm

LAPORAN STRUKTUR

V-4

TYPE F2
FOOT - Spread Footing Design V.1.0
(C) Nathan Madutujuh, 1999
Engineering Software Research Center
Licensee : Seminar SANS for Windows 1999, UNWIRA, Kupang, NTT
Project :
Job Name :
SPREAD FOOTING DESIGN
Foundation Type : Spread Footing, 1-way
Design Code
: PBI-91
Factor for Dead Load =
Factor for Live Load =
Strength Reduction for
Strength Reduction for
Footing Width,
By
Footing Length,
Footing Slab Thickness,
Column Wall Thickness,
Depth of Slab Base,
Column/Wall Eccentricity,

1.20
1.60
Moment = 0.80
Shear = 0.70
= W
Bx
Tp
T1
Ht
ex

=
=
=
=
=
=

120.00
120.00
30.00
30.00
200.00
0.00

cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm

Concrete Unit Weight,

Gm =
Concrete Compr. Strength, fc1 =
Concrete Cover,
cv =

2400.00 kg/m3
275.00 kg/cm2
5.00 cm

Rebar Yield Strength,

Rebar Diameter,

fy
db

=
=

3200.00 kg/cm2
1.60 cm

Allowable Soil Stress,

qa

2.50 kg/cm2

Factored Axial Load,

Factored Moment,
Factored Shear,

Nu
Mux
Vux

= 39850.00000 kg
= 537391.30000 kg.cm
=
2991.20000 kg.cm

COLUMN/WALL DESIGN:
Factored Axial Load,
Nw = 40217.20000 kg
Factored Moment,
Mwx = 28887.30000 kg.cm
Factored Shear,
Vwx =
2991.20000 kg.cm
-> USE COLUMN DESIGN PROGRAM TO FIND COLUMN REBAR
SOIL PRESSURE: (1-way and 2-way action)
Allowable soil
Maximum
soil
Minimum
soil
Soil stress at
Soil stress at

stress, qa
stress, q_max
stress, q_min
left,
q_left
right, q_right

=
=
=
=
=

2.500
2.146
2.003
2.146
2.003

kg/cm2
kg/cm2 -> OK
kg/cm2
kg/cm2 -> OK
kg/cm2 -> OK

CONCRETE SLAB DESIGN:

Note: One-way action is assumed.
SHEAR CHECKING : (one-way action)
Concrete Allowable Shear Stress, vc1 =
6.155 kg/cm2
Critical section, at left, x1 =
15.000 cm
Critical section, at right, x2 = 105.000 cm
Shear stress, left side =
Shear stress, right side =

1.496 kg/cm2 -> OK

1.408 kg/cm2 -> OK

SHEAR CHECKING : (punching shear action)

Allowable Punching Shear Stress, vc2 =

LAPORAN STRUKTUR

18.466 kg/cm2

V-5

Perimeter of Critical Section

SC

Punching Shear Stress

=
=

240.000 cm
5.808 kg/cm2 -> OK

MOMENT CHECKING : (one-way action)

Critical section, at left, x1 =
Critical section, at right, x2 =
Soil Stress, at left side, fx1
Shear Force, at left side, Vsx
Location of Resultant,
xs
Moment Force,
Msx
Bending Rebar = d16-25.0 cm

45.000 cm
75.000 cm

=
2.092 kg/cm2
= 16019.373 kg
=
22.595 cm
= 361959.247 kg.cm

Soil Stress, at right side, fx2 =

2.056 kg/cm2
Shear Force, at right side, Vsx = 15342.327 kg
Location of Resultant,
xs =
22.401 cm
Moment Force,
Msx = 343679.003 kg.cm
Bending Rebar = d16-25.0 cm

LAPORAN STRUKTUR

V-6