Overview
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What is assembly-line balancing? How can assembly-line balancing be used in your organization? What are the steps in balancing an assembly line? Example of assembly-line balancing. Assembly-line balancing exercise. Summary.
Unbalanced Line
!?
Zzz
Zzz
10 sec
40 sec!
20 sec
15 sec
Undesirable waiting
Overproduction! Generates waste
Balanced Line
25 sec
25 sec
20 sec
15 sec
25 sec
Promotes one piece flow Avoids overburden Minimizes wastes Reduces variation
Line Balancing
Keseimbangan lintasan produksi untuk memaksimumkan efisiensi atau meminimumkan balance delay. Tujuan dari Line balancing adalah mengurangi atau meminimumkan waktu menganggur (idle time) pada lintasan yang ditentukan oleh operasi yang paling lambat. Sehingga, tujuan perencanaan Line Balancing adalah mendistribusikan unit-unit kerja atau elemen-elemen kerja pada setiap stasiun kerja agar waktu menganggur dapat ditekan seminimal mungkin agar pemanfaatan dari peralatan maupun operator dapat digunakan semaksimal mungkin.
3.
b.
Assembly Product, produk yang melewati urutan work stasiun dimana tiap worl station (WS) memberikan proses tertentu hin gga selesai menjadi produk akhir pada perakitan akhir.
c. d. e. f. g. h.
i.
sebuah lintasan perakitan dalam suatu produksi yang mana material atau bahan bergerak secara kontinu dalam ratarata seragam pada seluruh stasiun kerja dimana pekerjaan perakitan dilakukan.. Contoh dari 11 tugas yang dilakukan pada 5 stasiun
A B C F
H D E I
Example
The next table shows the tasks performed in a production line. Our goal is to combine them into workstations. The assembly line operates 8 hours per day and the expected customer demand is 1000 units per day. Balance the line and calculate the efficiency and theoretical minimum number of workstations.
Example (Lanjutan
Task A B C D E F G H I J K Total Time: Task Time (sec) 13 11 15 20 12 13 13 18 17 15 9 156 Preceding Task A A B B C C D, E F, G H, I J
Example (Lanjutan)
y Langkah 1: Gambarkan precedence diagram sesuai dengan sequential relationship yang telah diberikan.
20 sec 11 sec B 13 sec A 15 sec C D 12 sec E 13 sec F 13 sec G 17 sec I 18 sec H 15 sec J 9 sec K
Example (Lanjutan)
Langkah 2: Tentukan Takt time atau Workstation Cycle Time
C=Production time per day / Customer demand (or output per day) C= 28800 sec (8 hours) / 1000 units = 28.8
Example (lanjutan)
Langkah ke- 4: Tentukan aturan dari penugasan. Sebagai contohnya aturan yang pertama adalah number of following tasks dan aturan kedua adalah longest operation time .
Example (cont.)
Langkah ke- 5: Menugaskan tugas pada workstations mengikuti aturan penugasan dan sesuai dengan precedence dan cycle time. Pembentukan Workstation 1: 11
sec B 15 sec C
Example (cont.)
Pembentukan Workstation 2:
13 sec A
11 sec B 15 sec C
B+D>Cycle time!
Example (Lanjutan)
Mengikuti kriteria atau aturan yang sama kita mendapatkan 7 stasiun kerja.
Work Station 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Task A C B F D G E H I J K Task Time 13 15 1 13 20 13 12 18 17 15 9 Feasible Remaining Task B,C E,F,G E K -
Example (lanjutan)
Langkah ke-6: Hitung Efficiency
Efficiency= Total Task Time / (Actual number of workstations * Takt Time) Efficiency= 156 / (7*28.8) = 77%
Task A B C D E F G H I J K
Task Description Connect the front tire to the bicycle frame. Insert the handle bar. Tighten handle bar with two screws and nuts. Connect the rear tire to the bicycle frame. Position chain mechanism to the frame. Attach right hand brake to handle bar. Attach left hand brake to handle bar. Attach right side pedal. Attach left side pedal. Position chain onto chain mechanism. Attach seat post.
1. List the sequential relationships among tasks and then draw a precedence diagram
Tasks A B C D Tasks that must precede A B Tasks E F G H Tasks that must precede D C C E Tasks I J K Tasks that must precede E F,G,H,I J
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1. List the sequential relationships among tasks and then draw a precedence diagram
50 sec. A 16 sec. B 14 sec. C 17 sec. F
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4. Choose a primary rule that will determine how tasks are to be assigned to workstations
For this example, our primary rule is to prioritize tasks based on the largest number of following tasks. If there is a tie, our secondary rule is to prioritize tasks in the order of the longest task time. In general, select rules that prioritize tasks according to the largest number of followers or based on length of time.
Task A B or D C or E F, G, H, or I J K Number of Following Tasks 6 5 4 2 1 0
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5. Beginning with the first workstation, assign each task, one at a time, until the sum of the task times is equal to the workstation cycle time or until no other tasks can be assigned due to sequence or time restrictions 6. Repeat step 5 for the remaining workstations until all the tasks have been assigned to a workstation
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A D B E C F G H I J K
50 55 16 20 14 17 17 17 17 13 14
Station 4
Station 5
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50 sec. A
16 sec. B
14 sec. C 17 sec.
17 sec. F
14 sec. K
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TUGAS
Cari sebuah jurnal, kemudian resume ke dalam sebuah Power Point (Individu).
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