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Eric Britton
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Copyright 2011 Francis Eric Knight Britton All Rights Reserved The moral right of the author has been asserted. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) that the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.
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Un projet de l'Association Ecoplan International (Loi de 1901) 8/10, rue Jospeh Bara Paris 75006 France +331 7550 3788 association@ecoplan.org
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Since many, but not all, of our readers and collaborators come from academic or the volunteer sector, it is obviously not appropriate to ask them to pay high prices to support this project. For this reason we have created these steps subscriptions, which start at very affordable contribution of a bit less than ten dollars. For others who have the means, they are invited to show their support in either the suggested levels or others that they feel to be comfortable and appropriate. Social networks: Given that it is the year 2011, and given that this is a significant public interest proposal, it would seem to make sense to see if we cannot make good use of social media in order to generate the support needed to get the job underway. This I will do directly and is thus possible through sites such as Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn,, but I am counting on others who share the basic values behind this work to join in and do their it by distributing news and background to their own channels and networks. If you do that, I want you to know that you have my sincerest thanks. I am very curious to see how this works. I have never done anything like this before, and in fact I have never known a case in which someone has sold the book to the general public based solely on a table of contents, albeit with a strong track record of publication and performance in the field being assessed. Finally an important caveat: given a project like this which is spinning out over a full two years, and which is targeting an area which itself is in rapid evolution, it makes sense that the author is going to learn a lot as he goes along. And to me it is important that the second edition reflect this learning process. Therefore of all of the chapter headings you see here, you can expect that virtually all of them will be covered in one way or another, but that also new items and chapters will appear. At the end of the day however, it is my hope that the second edition will be a happy surprise for all of those who have been good enough to support his first step. I very much hope this will interest you, and I hope too that the concept makes you smile. Once the first wave of funding has come through, work can get underway here full speed. And if in the coming months you keep a weather eye on World Streets you will find that early drafts of many of these chapters and issues will appear in those pages. (In fact, if you would like to see an example, click here to view the article "Toward a new paradigm for transport in cities" which shows how the process of new concepts, creative interaction and exchange between international colleagues can help to define important policy issues in clear and powerful ways - http://wp.me/psKUY-1Lj ) Questions, suggestions for the work in progress and the second edition? Let me hear from you. Here is how to get in touch. Eric Britton. Paris. 16 July 2011 8/10, rue Jospeh Bara Paris 75006 France +331 7550 3788 eric.britton@ecoplan.org
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26
Preface Part I: Why a General Theory Reading the First Edition Part II. The Building Blocks 15/30/50 20% of the problem 8 to 80 Active enforcement Active transport Advertising Advisory council Aggressive behavior Antisocial Average people - do not exist Bad practices Behavior Behavior modification Best practices Bicycles Bottom-up BRT Car free days Car free living car removal Carbon Carsharing Choice expansion
...5 ...9 . . . 11 . . . 15 . . . 17 . . . 19 . . . 21 . . . 23 . . . 25 . . . 27 . . . 29 . . . 31 . . . 33 . . . 35 . . . 37 . . . 39 . . . 41 . . . 43 . . . 45 . . . 47 . . . 49 . . . 51 . . . 53 . . . 55 . . . 57 . . . 59
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. . . 61 . . . 63 . . . 65 . . . 67 . . . 69 . . . 71 . . . 73 . . . 75 . . . 77 . . . 79 . . . 81 . . . 83 . . . 85 . . . 87 . . . 89 . . . 91 . . . 93 . . . 95 . . . 97 . . . 99 . . . 101 . . . 103 . . . 105 . . . 107 . . . 109 . . . 111 . . . 113 . . . 115 . . . 117 . . . 119
Click to fix Climate Collaborative learning Congestion as policy Consistency Continuity Credit Crisis Critical mass Debates Deep democracy Distance Donald Appleyard Economic instruments Electric cars Environment Eye contact Eyes on the street Failures of expertise Feet Four little words: green, clean, smart, intelligent Free Future leaders Gender and transport Good shoes Hans Monderman Happy city Impatience Incidents/accidents Inverse squared: Education/distance
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. . . 121 . . . 123 . . . 125 . . . 127 . . . 129 . . . 131 . . . 133 . . . 135 . . . 137 . . . 139 . . . 141 . . . 143 . . . 145 . . . 147 . . . 149 . . . 151 . . . 153 . . . 155 . . . 157 . . . 159 . . . 161 . . . 163 . . . 165 . . . 167 . . . 169 . . . 171 . . . 173 . . . 175 . . . 177 . . . 179
Invisible incrementalism (parking, street conversion) Isolation Jan Gehl Jane Jacobs Job creation Knowledge sharing Leadership by example Learning systems Learning to listen Lewis Mumford Lifestyle change Listen to everybody Local environment Loneliness Luud Schimmelpennink Mass transit Metaphors Monorails, PRT and other follies Neighborhood cars Neighborliness New Mobility Agenda New near (The) Obesity Off the economy One-minute movies Ownership Packages of measures Paradigm Parking PARK(ing)
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. . . 181 . . . 183 . . . 185 . . . 187 . . . 189 . . . 191 . . . 193 . . . 195 . . . 197 . . . 199 . . . 201 . . . 203 . . . 205 . . . 207 . . . 209 . . . 211 . . . 213 . . . 215 . . . 217 . . . 219 . . . 221 . . . 223 . . . 225 . . . 227 . . . 229 . . . 231 . . . 233 . . . 235 . . . 237 . . . 239
Partnership Pattern recognition Peak cars Peddlers and hawkers Pedicabs Peer to peer Personal responsibility Peter Newman and Jeff Kenworthy Posters The art of Private space Public space Ridesharing Road pricing Safety 1: through technology Safety 2: through human beings Share/transport Slowth (Despacio) Smart street architecture Social networking Social space Social space format Speed Speeding Spread Straight Lines Street code Street people Street sharing Stress Taxisharing
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. . . 241 . . . 243 . . . 245 . . . 247 . . . 249 . . . 251 . . . 253 . . . 255 . . . 257 . . . 259 . . . 261 . . . 263 . . . 265 . . . 267 . . . 269 . . . 271 . . . 273 . . . 275 . . . 277 . . . 279 . . . 281 . . . 283 . . . 285 . . . 287 . . . 289 . . . 291 . . . 293 . . . 295 . . . 297 . . . 299
Team building Telemobility The architecture of slowness The cloak of the car (Harry Potter) The easiest 20% The future of the automobile in the city The politics of transportation Twentieth century trilogy: speed, distance, frequency Time Time-sharing To present solutions Tramway-sign of a happy city Transportation monoculture Transports of delight (happiness) Truck sharing Turn out the lights Universal access Value capture Walk to school Walking and democracy What is a cyclist Why "energy" is the wrong place to start Winning (The importance of) World government World Streets XTransit Youth YouTube Part III. What next? Afterword
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[Acknowledgements]
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[Index]
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World Streets
The world turns slowly to Social Space
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Anywhere in the world: Running, walking getting where you want to go in safety:
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What the experts are saying about the surprising first edition of the General Theory?
A GT for sustainable transport? I simply had never thought of that before. And the more I think about it, and the more I consult the draft ideas set out here, the more I understand that these is a pressing need for this sort of much brooder, much more strategic treatment than we are accustomed to seeing in the literature. - name A real page turner. I could not set it down until I had finished it. - name Only Eric Britton could have written a book as concise as this. name I can't wait for the second edition name
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