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Optimization of Ethanol Production from Palmyra Sap by Flocculant Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NRRL-Y265) (Studies Concentration Sugar and Ammonium Sulfate). Supervisor: Dr. Agustin Krisna W., STP., M. Si SUMMARY Since 1994, Indonesia experienced a decline in national oil production caused the decline naturally (natural decline) of oil reserves in the producing wells. According to data from BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2005, the amount of oil reserves (proved reserves) Indonesia in late 1984 of 9.6 billion barrels. At the end of 1994, declining oil reserves up to 5 billion barrels and 4.7 billion barrels (late 2004). Biofuels (bioenergy) is the main alternative to overcome the crisis of petroleum-based fuels. One type of bioenergy can be developed is bioethanol. Bioethanol can be produced from a variety of sugar-based raw materials such as palm wine palm (Borassus flabelliber). A syrup of sugar palmyra sap of palmyra trees that contain sugar, nitrogen, and vitamins B that support the growth of microorganisms. Flocculant Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NRLL Y-256) is superior because yeast has the ability to break down sucrose fermentation medium, as well as having the nature of agglomeration between cells so as to facilitate the process of cell separation of ethanol and will reduce the cost for the purification of ethanol in the ethanol industry. Efforts to build an ethanol production process are maximized, required operating standards and optimization of fermentation. The fermentation process requires precision in the concentration of sugar as a carbon source and ammonium sulfate as a nitrogen source because it is very berberkaitan with optimal performance of enzymes in the cell to produce ethanol is high. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of sugar and ammonium sulfate are used during the process of palm sap fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae flocculant for optimum ethanol production. Fermentation medium optimization using RSM "Central Composite Experimental Design" (CCD) with two treatment factors are the concentration of sugar (X1,% v / v) and the concentration of ammonium sulfate (X2,% v/v) which is the independent variable and the concentration of ethanol (Y i ,% w/v) which is the response variable. The results showed that optimum ethanol production was 10.24% (v/v) with optimum conditions of 22,67% (v / v) glucose and 0,68% (v/v) ammonium sulfate. Model equation = -17,46636 + 2,31684 X 1 + 4,05809 X2 0,0368 X1 X2 - X12 0,050544 2,36942 X22, the yield of ethanol produced is 0,4691 Key words: ethanol, palmyra sap, flocculant Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Response Surface Methodology