Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

CHNG I:

GII THIEU AutoCAD

1.1. Lam quen AutoCAD 1.2. Lam viec vi AutoCAD

1.1. Gii thieu AutoCad: 1.1.1. Gii thieu Autocad: Phan mem AutoCad c gii thieu lan au tien vao thang 11 -1982 tai hoi ch COMDEX va en thang 12 -1982 cong bo phien ban au tien (Release 1). Thang 031999 phien ban AutoCad 2000 ra i va chay trong moi trng Windows 95 tr len. Cau hnh may cho AutoCAD: Pentium 133 tr len. 64 MB RAM (32 MB minimum). Trang 1

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad 800 x 600 He ieu hanh Windows 95 tr len. o phan giai man hnh 1024 x 768 (toi thieu ). Toi thieu 130 MB trong tren o cng.

1.1.2. Cau truc man hnh AutoCad 2009:

MenuBa r

Crosshai rs Drawing Area

Cursor

Command line

Toa o

Drawing (Graphics) Area : Vung o hoa la vung ta the hien ban ve. Mau man hnh o hoa c nh bi hop thoai option (lenh Preference, option), trang Display . Crosshairs: Hai si toc theo phng truc X va truc Y giao nhau tai mot iem. Toa o iem giao nhau hien len tai hang cuoi man hnh . Chieu dai hai si toc c nh bi tranh trt Crosshairs size, trang Display cua hop thoai Option. Cursor: Con chay la mot o hnh vuong, o ln con chay c quy nh bi bien PICKBOX hoac bi tranh trt Pickbox size, trang Selection cua hop thoai Option (lenh Preferences, Option, Ddselect. Toa o : Trong AutoCAD toa o nam pha ben trai cua dong trang thai va hien th toa o e cac cc tng oi hoac toa o tuyet oi tam cua con chay tren vung o hoa Trang 2

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad (giao iem cua hai si toc ). Khi khong thc hien cac lenh (giao iem hai si toc va con chay Cursor tracking) th toa o hien len la toa o tuyet oi. So au tien hoanh o (truc X), so th hai- tung o(truc Y). Khi ang thc hien cac lenh ve va hieu chnh ta co the lam xuat hien toa o cc tng oi (nhan phm F6). Do o, ta co the dung phm F6 e tat, m toa o hoac chuyen oi t toa o tuyet oi sang cc tng oi . Command window va Command line: Ca so lenh (command window) bao gom nhieu dong lenh (command line). So dong lenh trong ca so lenh c mac nh la 3 dong. ay la ni ta nhap lenh vao va hien th cac dong nhac lenh cua AutoCad ( nen con goi la dong nhac Prompt line). Ta trc tiep oi thoai vi may tai dong nay. Menu bar: Danh muc chnh, nam pha tren vung o hoa. AutoCad 2009 co 12 danh muc. Moi danh muc cha mot nhom lenh cua AutoCad. Danh muc chnh AutoCad 2007 hoan toan tng thch vi cac phan mem ng dung (Microsoft Office) khac. Cac danh muc AutoCAD bao gom: File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Draw, Dimension, Modify, Express, Window va Help

1.1.3. Gii thieu ve Toolbar: Trong AutoCAD co 24 toolbar, moi lenh co mot nut chon vi bieu tng lenh trong toolbar. e hieu chnh Toolbar ta vao View Toolbars :

Trong hop thoai Customize ta co the: o Hien hoac giau toolbar bang cach nhap vao o chon ke ben ten cua thanh cong cu. o Thay oi kch c cua nut lenh bang cach click chon vao o Large buttons. Trang 3

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad o Tao ra mot thanh cong cu mi vi cac nut lenh ta thng dung nhat e tien cho cong viec . 1.2. Lam viec vi AutoCAD: 1.2.1. Tao mot ban ve mi: Khi ong AutoCad sau o chon lenh New lam xuat hien hop Create New Drawing e tao ban ve mi. 1.2.1.1. Dung Start from Scratch: Tren trang Start from Scratch ta chon Metric, nhan OK sau o nh gii han ban ve (vd: 420,297) n v theo he met, n v o la milimet.

1.2.1.2. Dung Use a Wizard: Dung chc nang nay ta co the thiet lap ban ve mi trong o ta co the xac lap trc n v, goc quay, hng quay dng, kch thc t giay veHop thoai nay co 2 chc nang la Advanced setup va Quick Setup.

Advance Setup: chc nang nay cho phep ta hieu chnh n v, goc, goc quay dng, kch thc giay ve Quick Setup: chc nang thiet lap nhanh, dung chc nang nay ta ch co the hieu chnh c n v va kch thc t giay . Trang 4

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad 1.2.1.3. Dung Use a Template: Trang Use a template c dung e chon ban ve mau co san trong AutoCad co phan m rong. DWT bao gom cac ban ve theo cac tieu chuan My-ANSI, Nhat-JIS,hoac ta co the tao theo TCVN. ay ta co the chon ban ve mau vi cac kch thc khac nhau. Thong thng khi ve ta nen chon file Acad.dwt e bat au ban ve mi.

1.2.2. Ghi ban ve thanh file : e lu ban ve ta dung lenh Save. Lenh Save dung e ghi ban ve hien hanh thanh mot file. Khi thc hien lenh xuat hien hop thoai Save Drawing As. Ta nhap tn file can lu vao o File name. Ta co the lu file di nhieu nh dang khac nhau nh nh dang cua AutoCAD hay nh dang cua AutoCAD R14, R13, R12

1.2.3. M ban ve san co:

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad e m mot ban ve a co ta dung lenh Open. Khi thc hien lenh Open se xuat hien hop thoai Select File. Sau o ta chon file can m roi nhan Open.

1.2.4. Lenh Recover: Lenh Recover dung e sa loi va phuc hoi cac ban ve b loi. e thc hien ta vao File/Drawing Utilities/Recover, sau o ta chon File can hoi phuc va nhan Ok. 1.2.5. Thiet lap moi trng ve: a. Options: e tien dung hn trong qua trnh s dung AutoCad ta co the chon lai cach trnh bay man hnh theo y mnh. Trong phan

Tools chon Options ta co bang sau. Trang 6

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad TAB Display: Display dung hieu chnh cach the hien tren man hnh, ta co the hieu chnh. - Window Elements: khi can the hien tnh nang nao ta click anh dau vao chc nang o. o The hien thanh cuon tren man hnh Display scroll bars. o The hien thanh menu tren man hnh nh hnh Display screen menu. o Chon mau cho nen ban ve bang chc nang Color nh hnh.

Trong bang Color Options ta hieu chnh mau cua man hnh nen bang cach chon phan Color, hieu chnh thanh phan nao trong Window Element ta click vao phan o. Co cac thanh phan sau: Model tab background: mau nen Model tab pointer: mau si toc Command line background: mau cua dong lenh. Command line text: mau cua ch viet dong lenh.
o Chon cach the hien text trong AutoCad bang cach chon Font. dong lenh cua

o Crosshair Size: chieu dai si toc c hieu chnh theo phan tram, chieu dai mac nh la 5%, chieu dai si toc het man hnh la 100%. TAB Open and Save: Trang 7

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Trong phan nay ta co the hieu chnh nh dang cua file c lu. AutoCad cho phep ta lu ban ve theo cac phien ban trc trong phan Save as. ieu nay giup ta thuan tien hn trong viec di chuyen cac file i cac may co cai at cac phien ban khac nhau.

*File Safe Precautions: Luon chon phan Create backup copy with each save tc phan lu tr d phong vi phan m rong la. Ta co the chnh lai thi gian may t ong lu lai ban ve trong phan Automatic save khoang 30 phut thay v 2 gi nh mac nh. *File Open: - Number of recently - used files to list: chon so lng file the hien trong hop thoai Open cua hop thoai Startup. - Display full path in tittle: Chon chc nang nay e the hien ay u ng dan, ngay tao file TAB User Perferences: Trong tab nay ta co the ieu khien cac thuoc tnh lam viec trong autoCad.

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

Windows Standard Behavior: Xac nh cach Window nhan lenh khi ta nhap lenh bang chuot. Windows standard accelerator : chon hop thoai nay, ta co the dung cac phm tat thao tac thong thng cua Window nh Ctrl+C e Copy, Ctrl + P e Paste. Neu hop thoai nay khong c chon th Ctrl + C se la lenh Cancel Shortcut menus in drawing area : xac nh nut chuot phai se la ENTER hoac hien len thanh cong cu tat. Drag-and-drop scale: Ta co the xac nh n v mac nh cua vat the khi insert, hoac tao block bang cach chon Source content units va Target content units laMilimeters.

e hieu chnh lai chc nang nhan lenh phm phai chuot, ta Click vao Right-click customization

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

Trong phan hieu chnh phm phai chuot nay ta luon chon che o mac nh la Repeat Last Command (khi click phm phai chuot th may luon thc hien lai lenh va xong). ong thi phm phai chuot ong ngha vi nhan Enter trong khi thc hien lenh Command Mode.
TAB Selection:

Trong phan Selection nay ta co the: o Hieu chnh kch thc o chon oi tng Pickbox Size o Hieu chnh o ln cua Grip bang Grip Size.

*Selection Modes: Trang 10

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad o Noun/verb selection: cho phep ta co the chon vat the trc khi thc hien lenh. Tat chc nang nay ta khong the chon vat trc roi thc hien lenh sau c. Uses Shift to add to selection: dung chc nang nay ta khong the chon nhieu lan e bat nhieu oi tng ngoai tr dung chung vi phm Shift. Press and drag: dung chc nang nay ta khong the bat oi tng bang window bang cach click chuot hai au ma phai click trc tiep len oi tng hoac gi phm trai trong qua trnh bat oi tng. Implied windowing: tat chc nang nay ta khong the dung window e truy bat oi tng.

o o

Thiet lap moi trng ve: e tao mot ban ve hoan chnh ta lan lt lam theo cac bc sau : Khi ong AutoCad. - Chon Use a Template hay Start from Scratch e bat au mot ban ve mi. La chon he n v s dung va nh gii han kho giay ve. Thiet lap cac tien ch e ve : tao layer, textstyle, dimstyle, snap, grid.. Tao ban ve bang cac lenh ve va hieu chnh. Cai at cac thong so khi in e xuat ban ve ra giay. 2. Khi ong ban ve: 3. La chon he n v s dung, nh gii han kho giay: Tren trang Start form Scratch ta chon Metric sau o nhan OK. Dung lenh Limits e nh gii han ban ve theo y muon. Command: Limits Specify lower letf or [ON/OFF]: Specify upper right corner <420,297>: 840,597 iem goc trai pha di at trung goc toa o 0,0. Tuy thuoc vao loai kho giay can ve ta nhap iem goc phai pha tren la: Loai Kho giay Kch thc Ao 1188x8 40 A1 840x59 4 A2 594x42 0 A3 420x29 7 A4 297x21 0

Lu y: Ngi dung co the vao Tools Options.. chon muc System e chon phan Startup Do not show startup dialog, khong dung hop thoai Startup e bat au ban ve. Luc nay khi khi ong chng trnh ngi dung se dung ngay lenh Limits e nh kho giay. Trang 11

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Chu y :phai xac nh n v Source Content Units va Target Drawing Units trong phan User Preferences la Milimeters.

1. Tao cac Layer (lp), va nh cac dang ng trong ban ve: Trc khi ve ta phai xac nh cac layer e tien quan ly ban ve trong qua trnh ve cung nh khi in. T dong Command ta dung lenh layer lam xuat hien hop thoai Layer Properties Manager e khi tao va gan tnh chat cho cac lp. Command: Layer (La)

Mac nh AutoCad co san layer 0, cac tnh chat cua no la: mau trang, dang ng lien tuc (Continuous) va layer nay khong xoa hay thay oi c. e tao lp mi ta chon New, e xoa layer san co chon Delete. Tao lp mi: Sau khi chon New AutoCad se tao ra o soan thao di cot Name. Tai ay ta nhap vao ten cua lp (cach qui c ve ten lp tng t nh cac qui nh cua Windows) va gan cac tnh chat cho lp nh dang ng (Linetype), mau sac (Color) hay chieu day cua ng (Lineweight). Mau sac: (Color) Trang 12

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Nhap vao o mau cua lp, luc nay xuat hien hop thoai Select Color va ta chon mau bang cach nhap vao o mau roi chon OK.

Dang ng: (Linestyle) Ta chon lp can thay oi dang ng, nhap chon vao ten dang ng lam xuat hien Select Linetype. e tao them dang ng mi ma trong hop thoai cha co ta chon Load, chon mot trong cac dang ng nay roi nhan OK. Luc nay tren hop thoai Select Linetype se co them cac dang ng mi, click chon no roi OK thoat ra hop thoai Layer Properties Manager. Luc nay layer ta chon se co dang ng ta can s dung.

Hop thoai Select Linetype

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

Hop thoai Load or Reload Linetypes Chieu rong net in: (Lineweight) Gan chieu rong net in bang cach nhap vao cot Lineweight cua lp o e lam xuat hien hop thoai Lineweight, chon chieu rong can thiet roi click OK e tr ve hop thoai Layer Properties Manager.

Thong thng ta nen nh dng day tren Layer trc khi in.

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Bai tap 1: Tao th vien Layer sau:

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

CHNG 2:

TO CHC BAN VE
1) n v trong AutoCAD 2) Gii thieu cac he toa o s dung trong AutoCAD. 3) Cac phng thc nhap toa o iem trong AutoCAD. I. Cac dang n v trong AutoCAD : Trong AutoCAD co 5 dang n v o chieu dai va 5 dang n v o goc, ta co the chon n v da vao hop thoai Units Control. o chieu dai: Scientific, Decimal, Engineering, Architectural va Fractional. o goc : Decimal Degrees , Deg/Min/Sec, Grads, Radians va Surveyor. Thong thng ta hay s dung n v o chieu dai la Decimal va n v o goc la Decimal Degrees. II. Gii thieu cac he toa o s dung trong AutoCAD: 1. He toa o ecac: He toa o e cac la he toa o thng c s dung nhat. No gom co 3 truc: truc hoanh X, truc tung Y va cao o Z. Thong thng khi bat au mot ban ve mi, ta t ong s dung he toa o nay.

2. He toa

o cc :

Toa o cc c s dung e nh v tr mot iem trong mat phang XY. Toa o cc Trang 16

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad ch nh khoang cach va goc so vi goc toa o (0,0) .e nhap vao toa o cc, ta nhap vao mot khoang cach va mot goc, cach nhau bi dau ( < ). 3. He toa o goc va he toa o ngi dung : He toa o goc (WCS ) la he toa o mac nh trong ban ve AutoCAD, thong thng he toa o goc nam trung vi goc toa o (0,0,0). No co bieu tng nam pha di goc trai man hnh. He toa o ngi dung la he toa o ma ta tao ra bang lenh UCS, ta co the tao ra va lu nhieu UCS trong cung mot ban ve. He toa o nay thng c s dung trong ban ve 3D. II. Cac phng thc nhap toa o iem trong AutoCAD : 1.Dung chuot : ta co the nhap toa o bang cach click chon iem tren man hnh. 2.Nhap toa o t ban phm.

CHNG 3

CAC LENH VE VA HIEU CHNH C BAN

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad 1) Cac lenh ve c ban. 2) Cac chc nang truy bat iem c ban. 3) Cac lenh hieu chnh c ban. I. Cac lenh ve c ban: e AutoCad thc thi lenh ngi s dung co the go lenh vao dong Command hay click vao bieu tng co san tren thanh D\raw. Di ay se trnh bay cach s dung cac lenh theo cac dong lenh (command) va bieu tng. 1. Lenh Line: Lenh Line c s dung e ve ng thang hay mot loat cac ng thang lien tuc. Command: line (l) LINE Specify first point: Nhap toa o iem au tien Specify next point or [Undo]: Nhap toa o iem tiep theo Specify next point or [Undo]:

Cac la line : Undo Close thang

chon

lenh

Huy bo oan va ve Tuy chon nay e ong cac oan thanh mot a giac khep kn.

2. Lenh Rectangle: Lenh Rectangle c s dung e ve hnh ch nhat bang cach nhap vao toa o iem au (first corner point) va iem cuoi (other corner point). Command: Rectangle (Rec) Specify first corner point: or[Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]:

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Cac la chon lenh Rectangle : Chamfer vat mep 4 canh hnh ch nhat bang cach nh khoang cach vat mep. Fillet bo tron 4 nh cua hnh ch nhat. Width nh chieu rong net ve. Elevation/Thickness nh cao o va o day hnh ch nhat.

3. Lenh Circle: Lenh Circle dung e ve ng tron bang cach xac nh tam va ban knh ng tron. AutoCad cung cap cho ta 5 cach ve hnh tron nh sau: Center, Radius : ve ng tron biet tam va ban knh. Center, Diameter : ve ng tron biet tam va ng knh. 2 points : ve ng tron qua 2 iem. 3 Points : ve ng tron qua 3 iem. Tangent, Tangent, Radius : ve ng tron tiep xuc oi tng tai tiep iem vi ban knh xac nh. Command: circle (c) CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: .

4. Lenh Arc: Lenh Arc dung e ve cung tron bang cach xac nh 3 iem, ay la cach thng dung nhat. Ngoai ra con cac cach sau e thc hien lenh ve mot cung tron:

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad 1. Chon iem au, tam va iem ket thuc. 2. Chon iem au, tam va goc quay. 3. Chon iem au, tam va chieu dai cua cung. 4. Chon iem au, iem cuoi va goc quay cung. 5. Chon iem au,iem cuoi va phng quay. 6. Chon iem au, iem cuoi va ban knh cung. 7. Chon tam cung, iem au va iem cuoi. 8. Chon tam cung, iem au va goc quay cua cung. 9. Chon tam cung, iem au va chieu dai cung.

Command: arc(a) Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: Specify end point of arc: 5. Lenh Pline: Lenh Pline dung e ve a tuyen hay nhng ng thang lien tuc. Cac la chon lenh Pline: Close ong pline bi 1 oan thang. Halfwidth nh na chieu rong cua phan oan sap ve. Width nh chieu rong cua phan oan sap ve. Length Ve tiep mot phan oan co phng va chieu nh. Phan oan trc o vi o dai c cho. Undo Huy bo phan oan va ve. Arc Chuyen sang che o ve cung tron. Command: PLINE (pl) Specify start point: Current line-width is 0.0000 Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

Tuy chon Arc, halfwidth va width. 6. Lenh Spline: Lenh Spline dung e ve cac ng cong co hnh dang khong eu. Thong thng Spline dung ve cac ng bien hay cac ng ong mc trong ban o. Cac la chon lenh Spline : Objects Dung e chuyen ng Pline thanh ng Spline. Close La chon Close dung e ong kn Spline. Fit Tolerance La chon nay giup ng Spline mn hn. Command: spline (spl) Specify first point or [Object]:

ng Spline i qua cac iem chon. 7. Lenh Ellipse: Lenh elip dung e ve ng ellipse hoac cac cung tron b cat. Command: _ellipse Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]:

Tien trnh ve 1 ng ellipse. 8. Lenh Polygo: Lenh polygon dung e ve a dien t 3 canh tr len (ln nhat la 1024 canh). a giac nay la a tuyen co so phan Trang 21

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad oan bang vi so canh cua a giac. Ta co the ve a giac la noi tiep hay ngoai tiep ng tron. Co 3 cach e ve 1 a giac: - a giac noi tiep ng tron. - a giac ngoai tiep ng tron. - Nhap mot canh cua a giac. Command: polygon Enter number of sides <4>: 3 Specify center of polygon or [Edge] :

Cac dang a giac thong thng. II. Cac phng thc truy bat iem: AutoCad cung cap cho ta cac cong cu truy bat iem giup qua trnh ve de dang hn. Khi thc hien chc nang nay tai giao iem hai si toc xuat hien o vuong truy bat (Aperture) va tai iem can truy bat xuat hien ky hieu can truy bat (Marker). Ta co hai phng thc truy bat: - Truy bat tam tru : ch s dung mot lan. - Truy bat thng tru : gan san cac tnh nang truy bat trong suot qua trnh ve. Thanh cong cu truy bat iem nh sau:
Snap to Node: truy Snap to bat Point: truy bat End nut iem cuoi Snap to Insert: truy bat iem chen Snap to Parallel: truy bat song song Snap to Perpendicular: truy bat iem vuong truy Snap to Tangent:goc bat iem tiep xuc ng tron Snap to Quadrant: truy bat iem ng tron Snap to Center: truy bat tam ng tron

Object Snap Setting:

at che o truy bat thng tru.

Temporary Tracking Point. Snap to Endpoint: truy bat iem cuoi Snap to Midpoint: truy bat iem gia Snap to Intersection: truy bat iem giao nhau Snap to Apparent Intersec: truy bat iem giao nhau Snap to Extentsion: truy bat iem Trang 22 keo dai

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad e tat hay m che o truy bat thng tru nhan F3. Khi chon Object Snap Setting ta chon cac chc nang truy bat thng dung theo bang sau:

Chon chc nang thng tru nao ta anh dau vao o o. Khi ve tuy theo v tr ma AutoCad hien ra cac chc nang cho ta la chon, cac bieu tng xuat hien tren man hnh khi ve se giong vi cac bieu tng ng ngay pha trc cac o chon chc nang nay. Muon chon het tat ca cac chc nang truy bat ta nhap Select All, muon xoa het cac chc nang truy bat ta nhap Clear All.

e s dung chc nang truy bat tam tru ta ch can nhan ket hp Shift+Phm phai chuot khi nay tren man hnh xuat hien bang chon cac chc nang truy bat. Luc nay ta ch can click chon vao chc nang mnh can. Bang chon nh hnh ben:

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

III. Cac lenh hieu chnh c ban (Modify): Cac lenh hieu chnh c ban c dung nham tinh chnh ban ve ong thi cung cap cac tien ch phuc vu cho qua trnh ve c nhanh va hoan thien hn. He thong thanh cong cu cua cac lenh hieu chnh nh hnh:

1. Lenh Copy: Lenh Copy c s dung e sao chep lai mot hay nhieu vat the. Command: Copy (Co) Select objects: Chon oi tng can sao chep Specify base point or displacement, or [Multiple]:

e copy nhieu vat the cung luc ta co the chon chc nang Multiple khi c hoi Specify base point or displacement, or [Multiple]. Trang 24

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad 2. Lenh Move: Lenh Move dung e di chuyen oi tng i mot khoang cach nhat nh theo mot hng nao o. Command: Move (m) Select objects: Chon oi tng can di hay di chuyen. Specify base point or displacement: Chon iem goc e di. Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>:

3. Lenh Erase: Lenh Erase dung e xoa oi tng khoi ban ve hay xoa nhng oi tng ve sai. Command: erase (e) Select objects:

4. Lenh Stretch: Lenh stretch dung co dan hay keo dai oi tng. Khi bat iem e thc hien lenh ta lu y phai re chuot t phai qua va phai bat cac iem au va cuoi mi thc hien c lenh. Command: Stretch (s) Select objects to stretch by crossing-window or crossing-polygon... Select objects: Chon oi tng. Trang 25

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

5. Lenh Trim: Lenh Trim dung xen cac oan cuoi cua oi tng c gii han bi oi tng giao hoac oan gia cua oi tng c gii han bi hai oi tng giao. Cac oi tng co the xen la cung tron, ng thang, ng tron, ellipse, tia Cac la chon lenh trim: Edgemode La la chon cua lenh trim cho phep ta chon cutting edges la oi tng ch giao vi oi tng xen khi keo dai (Extend hoac No extend). Projectmode La chon nay dung e xen cac canh cua 1 mo hnh 3 chieu. Command: Trim (tr) TRIM Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None Select cutting edges ... Select objects:

6.

Lenh Extend: Lenh Extend keo dai oi tng en giao vi oi tng c chon. Command: ex EXTEND Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None Select boundary edges ... Select objects:

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

CHNG 4:

CAC LENH VE VA HIEU CHNH NANG CAO

1) Cac lenh ve nang cao. 2) Cac lenh hieu chnh nang cao. 3) Tuy bien man hnh . I. Cac lenh ve nang cao: Sau khi lam quen vi cac lenh ve c ban, ta bat au thc hien tiep cac lenh nang cao. Cac lenh nay giup ngi dung tien dung hn trong viec the hien ban ve cua mnh. 1. Lenh Donut: Lenh Donut s dung e ve hnh vanh khan bang cach chon ng knh trong (inside diametter of donut), va ng knh ngoai cua hnh (outside diametter of donut). Sau o ta ch can chon iem the hien hnh ve. Lenh Donut ng dung e ve cac hnh tron co to nh mat cat ngang thanh thep. Command: Do DONUT Specify inside diameter of donut <0.5000>: ng knh trong donut. Specify outside diameter of donut <1.000>:ng knh ngoai donut. Trang 27

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Specify center of donut or <exit>: Chon tam donut. Specify center of donut or <exit>: Chon iem ve hnh vanh khan.

Inside diameter: ng knh trong donut

Outside diameter: ng knh ngoai donut.

2. Lenh Trace: Lenh Trace c s dung e ve oan thang co to bang cach nhap chieu day cua ng (Trace Width).

Command: Trace Specify trace width <0.0500>: nhap chieu day Specify start point: Specify next point: 3. Lenh Solid: Lenh Solid dung to ac vung c chon, vung c chon c xem la hoan chnh khi iem chon t 3 iem tr len. Lu y khi thc hien lenh nay bien Fill phai la On. Command: So SOLID Specify first point: chon iem au tien. Specify second point: chon iem th hai. Specify third point: chon iem th ba. Specify fourth point or <exit>: chon iem tiep theo. Specify third point: Trang 28

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

4. Lenh Xline: Lenh Xline dung e tao mot ng dai vo han, thng c dung e tao ng dong dng hnh. Command: Xline(xl) XLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: h Specify through point: chon iem can ve Specify through point:

5. Lenh Mline: Lenh Mline dung e tao ra cac ng thang song song vi nhau. Tao dang Mline bang lenh Mlstyle the hien khoang cach gia cac thanh phan, gan dang ng, mau Current: Ten Mline hien hanh. Name: Dung the hien ten Mline. Add, Save,..: Tao them, lu hay oi ten Mline. Command: mline (ml)

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

Khi chon Load e tai t file co phan m rong . MLN ta thay xuat hien hop thoai nh hnh di. Luc nay ta chon ten can tai vao ban ve va OK.

ng vi moi loai Mline ta co mot tnh chat khac nhau. Ta hieu chnh cung nh tao tnh chat cho Mline bang cach chon Element Properties..

Offset c nh ngha la khoang cach hai ng bien so vi tam, ta co the gan mau va dang cua ng cho moi thanh phan Mline bang cach e vet sang tai thanh phan can chnh va nhap chon trong phan Color va Linetype. Nut Add va nut Delete dung e them vao hai xoa i mot thanh phan cua Mline. Multiline Properties: nh cach the hien iem au, cuoi va canh noi cac phan oan. Chc nang Fill dung e to ac Mline.

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

Thc hien ve Mline: Mot Mline ta tao toi a c 16 thanh phan. Chon (Specify start point) iem au tien cua Mline sau o a ra cac nh cua Mline, la chon Close dung e ong Mline.

Command: ml MLINE Current settings: Justification = Top, Scale = 1.00, Style = STANDARD Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: Specify next point: Specify next point or [Undo]: Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:

La chon Justification: Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: Enter justification type [Top/Zero/Bottom] <top>: Current settings: Justification = Top, Scale = 1.00, Style = STANDARD Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: nh v tr bat iem cua Mline: - ng tren : Top. - ng di : Bottom. - Tai tam : Zero.

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad La chon Scale: nh t le gia tam va thanh phan da vao khoang cach a tao ta trong Mlstyle. La chon Style: cho ta la chon cac dang Mline tao ra trong Mlstyle. II.Cac lenh hieu chnh nang cao (ModifyII): 1. Lenh Pedit: Lenh Pedit dung hieu chnh a tuyen, vat the 2D hay la a tuyen 3D. Command: Pe PEDIT Select polyline or [Multiple]: Do you want to turn it into one? <Y> Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: phien ban nay AutoCad cho phep ta hieu chnh ong thi cung luc cac oi tng ri rac khac nhau bang chc nang Multiple dong nhac chon oi tng. Command: PEDIT Select polyline or [Multiple]: m Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 3 found Select objects: Convert Lines and Arcs to polylines [Yes/No]? <Y> Enter an option [Close/Open/Join/Width/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: j Join Type = Extend Enter fuzz distance or [Jointype] <0.0000>: 2 segments added to polyline Enter an option [Close/Open/Join/Width/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: Sau khi chon tat ca cac oi tng xong Autocad a ra dong nhac yeu cau ta chac rang co bien oi cac thanh phan khong (Convert Lines and Arcs to polylines [Yes/No]?) sau o ta thc hien cac bc con lai bnh thng.

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad 2. Lenh Change: Lenh Change dung thay oi tnh chat ng thang nh nh hay cac tnh chat cua text nh : chieu cao ch, kieu ch, goc nghieng, noi dung Command: change Select objects: chon vat can thay oi tnh chat. Select objects: 3. Lenh Array : Lenh Array dung e tao nhieu vat the giong vat the ban au theo mot day xac nh. Command: array (ar) Select objects: chon vat the can tao day. Select objects: Hop thoai Array Dialox Box xuat hien, trong hop thoai nay ta co the tao day theo hnh vuong hay tao day theo hnh tron. Tao day theo hnh ch nhat :Ta co the tao day bang cach xac nh so hang va so cot cua nhng vat the can tao day.

Row : xac nh so hang can tao trong day. Columns : xac nh so cot can tao trong day. Row offset : xac nh khoang cach gia cac hang. Columns offset: xac nh khoang cach gia cac cot. Angle of array : xac nh goc nghieng cua day.

Tao day theo hnh cau: bang cach nay ta co the tao day cac vat the c Trang 33

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad chon xung quanh mot tam.

Center point: xac nh tam cua day. Total number of items: xac nh so lng vat the can tao day Angle to fill: xac nh kch c cua day bang cach xac nh goc xoay, ay mac nh la 360. Rotate items as copied :xoay vat the c sao chep. Co the xem trc bang cach Click vao nut Preview <. Sau khi a va y ta nhap OK e tao day. 4. Lenh Explore: Lenh Explore dung e pha v cac oi tng phc thanh oi tng n. oi tng phc gom co khoi, mline, mot a tuyen Command: _explode Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found. Select objects:

5. Lenh Divide: Trang 34

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Lenh Divide dung chia oi tng thanh cac phan eu nhau, ta nhap tong so phan oan tai dong nhac Enter the number of segments or [Block]: luc nay AutoCad t ong chen vao cac node cac v tr eu nhau ong thi gi nguyen tnh chat cua oi tng. Command: Div DIVIDE Select object to divide:chon oi tng can chia. Enter the number of segments or [Block]: nhap so phan oan can chia.

6. Lenh Measure: Lenh Measure co tac dung tng t nh Divide nhng ch khac la chia oi tng theo chieu dai ma ta nh trc. Command: Me MEASURE Select object to measure: chon oi tng chia Specify length of segment or [Block]: 7

7.

Lenh

Drawother: Trong AutoCad co mau mat cat dang Solid va hnh anh Raster Ngoai ra con co cac dong Text c to, Solid image, cac dang mat cat Cac oi tng nay co the nam chong len nhau, do o ta phai sap xep chung theo mot th t nao o. Cac th t co the la: Front va Back hoac Above, Under. Trang 35

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Command: draworder Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 4 found Select objects:chon oi tng Enter object ordering option [Above object/Under object/Front/Back] <Back>: a Select reference object:

8. Lenh Rotate: Lenh Rotate thc hien phep quay cac oi tng c chon xung quanh mot iem chuan goi la tam quay. Command: Rotate Select object: Chon oi tng can quay Select object: Chon tiep oi tng hoac Enter e ket thuc viec la chon. Base point: Chon tam quay <Rotate angle> / Reference: Chon goc

9. Lenh Scale : Lenh Scale dung e phong to hoac thu nho vat the.

Command: Scale Select object: Chon oi tng can thay oi t le Base point: Chon iem tham chieu <Scale factor> / Reference: Nhap ti le can phong hoac chon R Specify reference length<1,00>: Specify second point: Trang 36

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Specify new length or [Base point/Copy/Undo/Reference/eXit]: 10. Lenh Block : Lenh Block dung chuyen cac oi tng thanh cac khoi, sau o ta co the tao cho mnh mot th vien rieng e dung trong cac ban ve khac.ieu nay rat quan trong v no giup chung ta tiet kiem c thi gian thay v phai ve mi lai. Command: block Hop thoai Block Definition xuat hien nh hnh :

Name: at ten cho khoi. Base point: Xac nh iem chen cho khoi,mac nh la 0,0,0 Objects: chon oi tng can chuyen oi thanh khoi: o Retain: khoi c tao ra nhng oi tng van gi nguyen trang thai ban au (khong

chuyen oi thanh khoi). o Convert to block: oi tng c chuyen thanh khoi. o Delete: khoi c tao ra nhng oi tng b xoa i. Drag-and-Drop units: chon n v cua khoi khi chen oi tng vao ban ve. Thong thng ta chon la Milimeters. Description: Co the them chu thch cho khoi e lam ro tnh chat cua khoi. Sau khi a xac nh xong cac la chon ta chon OK e tao khoi. 11. Lenh Insert: Lenh Insert dung e chen khoi a tao hoac ban ve a co vao ban ve hien hanh. Trang 37

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Command: insert Xuat hien hop thoai insert nh hnh :

o Name: chon ten khoi can chen hoac Click vao nut Browse e tm trong window. o Insertion point: xac nh iem chen cho khoi. o Scale: xac nh t le chen cho khoi, chon Uniform Scale ta ch can xac nh t le cho phng X, cac phng con lai se t ong chnh theo phng X. o Rotation : chon goc ngieng cho khoi. o Explore: pha v lien ket cua khoi, khoi se tr thanh cac oi tng rieng le. Nhap chon OK e chen khoi vao ban ve.

12.Hieu chnh bang properties window : Command: Properties (Ctrl+1, Pr, Ch) Trang 38

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

ay la phng thc hieu chnh trc quan nhat cua AutoCad, la u iem noi bat nhat cua phien ban nay. Trong bang Properties nay ta co the hieu chnh toan bo tnh chat cua oi tng nh chieu day ,loai ng, bang cach: - Nhap gia tr mi trc tiep trong bang. - Chon gia tr t danh sach san co. - Thay oi tnh chat tren hop thoai. - S dung phm chon iem e thay oi toa o. Ta co the s dung phm Tab e thay oi v tr trong tam, Home ve au trang Properties, Esc huy bo thay oi tnh chat va gan.

b. Tien ch ve file: *Recover : Tien ch nay dung e sa loi va m file ban ve trong trng hp file AutoCad b loi. Ta vao File Drawing Utilities Recover e thc hien tien ch nay. *Audit : Tien ch nay dung e kiem tra va sa loi cho ban ve(neu co). e thc hien lenh ta vao File Drawing Utilities Audit. *Purge : Tien ch nay dung e xoa cac oi tng tha trong ban ve nham lam nhe i dung lng ban ve. Thc hien lenh nay Autocad the hien cac oi tng c xoa va khong c xoa e ta co the de dang chon oi tng nao can phai xoa.

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

c. Tuy bien Toolbar: e hieu chnh thanh cong cu ta co the vao View Toolbar hoac Click phai chuot tren cac thanh toolbar tren man hnh.Ta co bang Customize nh hnh:

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

T bang nay ta co the chon thanh phan nao the hien hay khong the hien tren man hnh, bang cach keo nut t thanh toolbar ve bang hay t bang keo len. Ta cung co the chon the hien nhieu thanh toolbar tren man hnh bang cach click chon vao cac o tng ng trong phan toolbar nh hnh sau :

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

CHNG 5:

HNH CAT - MAT CAT KY HIEU VAT LIEU

5.1. Hnh cat va mat cat: Cac hnh bieu dien tren ban ve gom co hnh chieu, hnh cat va mat cat. Neu dung hnh chieu khong thoi th cha u the hien hnh dang cua 1 so chi tiet. Do o, trong a so cac trng hp ta phai ve hnh cat va mat cat. Hnh cat la hnh bieu dien phan con lai cua vat the sau khi a tng tng cat bo phan vat the nam gia mat phang cat va ngi quan sat,mat cat la phan vat the nam tren mat phang cat va khong ve phan vat the nam sau mat phang cat. Mat cat la mot oi tng cua AutoCad, do o ta co the thc hien cac lenh hieu chnh (Move, Erase, Copy, Array, Mirror, Scale) oi vi cac oi tng nay. e ve ky hieu mat cat ta s dung lenh Hatch hoac Bhatch, e hieu chnh mat cat ta dung lenh Hatchedit. Thc hien lenh nh sau: Command: H

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

cac tng mat lien khi ta oi dang bien dung lenh: Scale,

Neu oi cua cat la ket th thay hnh ng (khi s cac Stretch, Move,

Ddmodify, Rotate, Grips) th mat cat se thay oi phu hp vi ng bien mi. TYPE : I. Predefined: Cho phep ta chon cac mau co san trong tap tin ACAD.PAT cua AutoCad. Co hai cach chon cac mau theo Predefined: Chon ten mau theo danh sach keo xuong Pattern Chon ngay tai khung hnh anh cua mau mat cat bang cach keo con tro vao o nay va nhap phm chon cua chuot (phm trai), tiep tuc chon se lan lt xuat hien cac hnh anh cua mau. Chon nut Patternse xuat hien hop thoai Hatch pattern palette va ta chon mau mat cat tren hop thoai nay. II. Custom: Chon mau c tao bang file .PAT. Khi o nhap ten file .PAT vao o soan thao Custom Pattern. Can nh rang file nay phai nam trong th muc SUPPORT. III. User-defined: Dung e chon mau co dang cac oan thang song song, khi o ta chon khoang cach gia cac ng gach va goc nghieng cua ng gach cheo .

a) Nut Pattern:
Tren hop thoai Boundary Hatch cua lenh Bhatch ta co the chon cac mau mat cat bang cach chon nut Pattern Khi o xuat hien hop thoai Hatch Pattern Palette :

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

Tren hop thoai Hatch Pattern Palette ta co the chon mau mat cat. Bang cac tuy chon Ansi, Iso, Other Predefined ta co the lat trang e xem cac mau. Khi can chon mau nao ta ch can keo con tro vao mau o va nhap vao nut OK.

Chu y: Trong AutoCad 2000 ta co the chon mau solid e to en mot vung bien kn. Trnh t thc hien tng t ve cac dang mat cat khac. S dung mau mat cat nay ve bong o trong ban ve 2D, ve cac hnh anh Tuy thuoc vao gia tr bien FILL la ON hay OFF ma ta se co solid se hien len hay khong. Khi ve mat cat cac mau mat cat trong cac Release trc la tap hp cua cac oan thang, do o chiem trong lng rat ln. Trong AutoCad ban ve ch lu tr ng bien va 2 iem chon ng bien con mat cat c lu tr rieng biet vi ban ve, v the dung lng ban ve giam ang ke. Sau khi chon iem gan ng bien AutoCad se t do tm theo bon hng mot iem thuoc oi tng gan iem chon nhat va doc theo oi tng ngc chieu kim ong ho se xac nh ng bien kn va cac ng ben trong ng bien kn va cac vung ben trong ng bien kn. Neu trong ng bien kn co dong text hoac ch so kch thc th se t ong tr vung nay ra. Hop thoai nhac xuat hien neu iem chon nam ngoai ng bien kn hoac ng bien khong khep kn. Pick Points: Nut Pick Points dung e chon vung can ve mat cat da vao cac mat khep kn. Select Object: Chon ng bien kn bang cach chon cac oi tng bao quanh. Remove Islands: Trang 44

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Sau khi chon xong ng bien kn 1 va 2 cac vung ben trong, neu ta muon tr i cac vung ben trong ng bien kn th ta chon nut nay. Khi o xuat hien dong nhac sau: <Select islands to remove>/Undo: (Chon islands can tr). <Select islands to remove>/Undo: (Chon islands can tr hoac Enter e ket thuc viec la chon). View Selection: Xem cac ng bien a chon di dang cac ng khuat. Advanced Options: Lam xuat hien hop thoai Advandce Options.

Associative: Cac ng cat lien ket neu ta chon nut nay. Khi o neu thc hien cac lenh : Scale, Stretch vi cac ng bien th dien tch vung ghi ky hieu mat cat se thay oi theo. Nonassociative co tnh nang ngc lai. Inherit Properties: Ta co the chon cac mau ky hieu mat cat theo mau san co tren ban ve. Khi o xuat hien dong nhac: Select hatch objects: (Chon mau mat cat tren ban ve). Preview Hatch:Xem trc mat cat c ve,tuy nhien ch xem c khi a xac nh mau mat cat va vung can ve mat cat. Apply: Thc hien lenh ve ky hieu. Define Boundary Set: Xac nh ng bao t tat ca cac ng ta thay c tren man hnh (From Everything On Screen) hay t mot tap hp cac ng a chon trc (From Trang 45

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Existing Boundary Set). Neu kong co s chon trc nao th o From Existing Boundary Set se m i. Make New Boundary Set Cho phep ta chon trc mot so ng e AutoCad co the tao ng bao quanh vung ve ky hieu mat cat t cac ng o. Island Detection method Neu chon o nay th cac Island be trong ng bien kn se c chon khi dung Pick Point e xac nh ng bien. Island Detection Style Chon cac kieu ve mat cat, co 3 kieu: Normal, Outer va Ignore 5.2.Hieu chnh mat cat: Lenh Hatchedit Lenh Hatchedit cho phep ta hieu chnh cac mat cat lien ket (tao bang lenh Hatch) cho cac kch thc lien ket trong ban ve. Command: Hatchedit. Khi thc hien lenh Hatchedit se xuat hien hop thoai Hatchedit tng t hop thoai Boundary Hatch. Ta sa cha mat cat theo cac nut chon cua hop thoai nay.

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Lenh Ddmodify (Ctrl+1) : e hieu chnh cac tnh chat cua mat cat ta s dung lenh Ddmodify. Tuy nhien tuy vao mat cat c ve bang lenh Hatch hoac Bhatch ta co cac hop thoai khac nhau. Command: Ddmodify. Select object: (Chon mat cat can hieu chnh). Neu oi tng chon la mat cat kien ket (c ve bi lenh Hatch) th se xuat hien thoai nh hnh.
(a) Cac nut chon Block name Ten khoi cha mat cat. Color, Layer, Linetype Xuat hien cac hop thoai cho phep thay oi mau, lp va dang ng cho mat cat. Ltscale Thay oi t le dang ng cho mat cat. Thickness La o day cua oi tng, tuy nhien ta khong the thay oi o day cua mat cat.

5.3. S dung Grips hieu chnh Hatch Object: Sau khi ve mat cat ta co the s dung cac chc nang Grips e hieu chnh. Neu ta thay oi ng bien (Boundary) th vung mat cat se thay oi. Neu ta chon mat cat th vung mat cat se c di i. Chu y: Ty vao gia tr bien Picktype ta co the lien ket mat cat vi ng bien. Khi o mat cat va ng bien ch la mot oi tng. Khi thc hien cac lenh hieu chnh neu ta chon mat cat th ng bien se c chon, trng hp ngc lai th mat cat va ng bien la cac oi tng rieng. Trang 47

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

CHNG 6 :

GHI - HIEU CHNH CH VIET VA NG KCH THC

6.1. Tao va ghi Text. 6.2. Ghi kch thc. 6.1. Tao ch viet trong AutoCAD: e viet ch trong AutoCAD ta thc hien cac lenh Mtext, Dtext, Tuy nhien neu ta khong at kieu ch trong phan TextStyle th AutoCad se dung Font ch mac nh .Shx do mnh tao ra. Do vay e viet ch trong AutoCad ta lan lt theo cac bc sau: 6.1.1. Khi tao kieu ch viet: (Format Text Style) Vao Format chon Text Style ta thay xuat hien man hnh sau:

Style Name: at ten cho dang Font ch can s dung. Ta co the dung ung Standard thay v chon ten mi neu ch dung mot loai Font ch. Co cac tuy chon New, Rename Delete. Font: Font Name: chon Font cho ch viet, lu y ta nen chon cac Font ch ky thuat nh Roman.shx, Vni-Helve, Technic Font Style: chon cach viet thng, co to am (Bold) hay nghieng (Italic). Trang 48

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Height: chon chieu cao ch . Effects: Cac tnh nang Upside down, Backward, Vertical. Width Factor: Chon chieu day ch viet, chieu day bnh thng la 1, chieu day <1 th ch co ngan lai, chieu day >1 ch tha ra. Oblique Angle: Goc nghieng cua ch, goc nghieng c lay oi vi truc thang ng. Ghi chu: Font ch co phan m rong .shx thng co dung lng nho hn so vi cac font ch khac. 6.1.2. Dung lenh viet ch: a. Lenh Dtext: Thc hien lenh nay AutoCad yeu cau ta nhap vao toa o iem au tien cua ch viet (Specify start point ) hay la chon cac ac tnh cua ch viet ([Justify/Style]:) Command: dt DTEXT Current text style: "Standard" Text height: 0.2000 Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: Specify height <0.2000>: 2 Specify rotation angle of text <0>: Enter text: La chon Justify se cho ta dong nhac xac nh v tr canh le cua ch: Align: ch viet song song oi tng c chon Fit: ch viet c co dan tuy theo v tr Center: ch viet c nh ung tam Middle: ch viet c nh ngay gia. [Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR]: Neu a la chon chieu cao ch trong Text Style th dong Specify height bo qua, neu cha chon th ta phai nhap vao chieu cao ch. Specify rotation angle of text: xac nh goc quay cua ch viet so vi phng ngang. Lu y rang lenh DT khong ho tr go tieng Viet. e go tieng Viet ta thc hien Edit e go man hnh xuat hien nh sau:

Go vao o Text nhng ch can ghi sau o nhan OK. Trang 49

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad b. Lenh Mtext: Lenh Mtext dung e viet mot loat cac dong ch lien tuc. Lenh nay cung cap cho nhieu la chon ve Font ch, chieu cao ch cung nh cac cach canh le ch. Hop thoai nh sau:

Character: dung e hieu chnh ve Font ch, chieu cao ch cung nh cac ac tnh ve mau sac cua ch viet . Trong phan nay ta co the nhap vao cac ky hieu ac biet qua phan Symbol.

V du: %%d90 %%p0.00 %%c120

tng ng 900 tng ng 0.00 tng ng 120

Khi muon nhap vao cac ky hieu khac ta chon Other Luc nay hop thoai Symbol xuat hien cho ta la chon cac dang ky hieu cua cac Font ch khac nhau nh hop thoai sau:

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

Khi muon nhap dong van ban a go t trc ta nhan vao o Import Text luc nay AutoCad cho phep ta nhap vao cac van ban co phan m rong la .Txt va . rtf

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Properties: dung hieu chnh cac ac tnh cua ch viet nh hnh.

Line Spacing: dung hieu chnh khoang cach gia cac hang ch viet nh hnh.

Find/Replace: dung tm kiem va thay the day ch viet nh hnh.

e hieu chnh dong text a viet ta dung lenh Edit hieu chnh. Luc nay Autocad hien ra hop thoai Multiline Text Editor nh tren e hieu chnh. 6.2. GHI KCH THC: 6.2.1. nh thuoc tnh cho ng kch thc:

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad e ngi oc hieu ro va trien khai c ban ve th ngi ve phai xac nh toan bo kch thc cho cac oi tng mnh ve ra. Trong AutoCAD trc khi ghi kch thc ta phai xac nh cac thuoc tnh cua kch thc thong qua Dimension Style

Manager. e lam xuat hien hop thoai Dimension Style Manager ta co the vao Format - Dimension Style hay trong dong Command dung ky t D e goi. Tren hop thoai Dimension Style Manager ta co the dung cac chc nang sau: - New: tao dang ng kch thc mi. - Modify: hieu chnh dang ng kch thc san co. - Set Current: a mot dang ng kch thc ve hien hanh. - Override: tao them dang ng kch thc con trong dang chnh, dang ng con nay se mat i khi ta Set Current bat ky dang kch thc nao khac. - Compare: so sanh gia cac dang ung kch thuc vi nhau. Theo mac nh AutoCad se tao ra mot dang ng kch thc ban au la Standard. Tuy nhien nh dang nay khong phu hp vi tieu chuan Viet Nam hien nay nen ta bat buoc phai hieu chnh lai hoac tao them dang ng kch thc mi. Khi ta chon New AutoCad se a ra hop thoai Create New Dimension Style nh sau: Trang 53

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New

Style Name: yeu cau ta at ten cho dang dimension mi (ten mac nh la Copy of ). Start With: yeu cau ta chon dang dimension trc lam chuan e sau o hieu chnh. Use for: yeu cau ta chon cac loai ng kch thc co the s dung cho dang nay nh. All dimension: cho tat ca cac loai ng kch thc. Linear dimensions, Angular dimensions: cho cac dang ng kch thc cu the ma ta chon nh Linear dimension, Angular dimensions Sau khi tao xong dang ng kch thc mi ta tien hanh hieu chnh bang Modify theo yeu cau cua mnh. Hop thoai Modify Dimension Style nh sau: Line and Arrow: bao gom cac qui nh ve ng kch thc, ng giong va cac ky hieu mui ten. Text: bao gom cac qui nh ve ch ghi kch thc nh chieu cao ch, v tr ch so vi ng kch thc Fit: hieu chnh ve cac v tr cua ch viet, ng giong, mui ten, trong cac trng hp ac biet. Primary Unit: hieu chnh ve he cac n v s dung nh n v thap phan, n v khoa hoc Alternate Units: hieu chnh ve cach the hien cung luc hai he n v trong mot ng kch thc, he n v th hai xuat hien trong [}. Tolerance: hieu chnh cach the hien dung sai trong ng kch thc, thng s dung trong ve ky thuat c kh. Trang 54

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

Cach hieu chnh Line and Arrows: Hieu chnh ng kch thc (Dimension Lines): Color: hieu chnh ve mau cho ng kch thc. Mac nh cua AutoCad la ByBlock tuy nhien e thuan tien hn trong viec ve ta nen chon cu the mau cho ng kch thc v du nh mau Red hay Gray. Lineweight: chieu day ng kch thc, ta nen chon chieu day la default sau nay se chon trong phan in. Extend beyond ticks: phan d ra cua ng kch thc so vi ng giong khi s dung cac net gach 450 thay cho cac ky hieu mui ten. Thong thng ta nen chon phan d ra nay la 2mm. Baseline Spacing: xac nh khoang cach ng kch thc th hai so vi ng th nhat khi dung Baselines Dimemsion. Thong thng nen chon t 4mm tr len. Suppress: tat the hien ng kch thc, dim1 ng ben trai, dim2 ng ben phai.

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Hieu chnh ng giong (Extension Lines): Color: hieu chnh ve mau cho ng kch thc. Mac nh cua AutoCad la ByBlock tuy nhien e thuan tien hn trong viec ve ta nen chon cu the mau cho ng kch thc v du nh mau Red hay Gray. Lineweight: chiu day ng kch thc, ta nen chon chiu day la default sau nay se chon trong phan in. Extend beyond dimlines: phan d ra cua ng giong so vi ng kch thc. Thong thng ta nen chon phan d ra nay la 2mm. Offset from Origin: xac nh khoang cach ve ng giong so vi vat the can cho kch thc. Thong thng nen chon t 1mm tr len.

Suppress: tat the hien ng giong, Ext line1 ng ben trai, Ext line 2 ng ben phai. Hieu chnh ky hieu mui ten (Arrow head): 1st: hieu chnh cach the hien mui ten ben trai. 2st: hieu chnh cach the hien mui ten ben phai. Leader: hieu chnh mui ten ng dan. Arrow size: Hieu chnh kch thc mui ten.

Center Mark for Circle: hieu chnh kch thc cua ky hieu tam ng tron. Thong thng kch thc mui ten khoang 1mm tr len, Center Mark khoang 1.5mm tr len. Ta co the chon the hien mui ten theo cac dang sau:

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Cach hieu chnh Text:

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Hieu chnh cach the hien ch (Text Appearence): Text Style: hieu chnh cach the hien ch kch thc. Ta hieu chnh bang cach chon vao mot trong nhng kieu ch a tao ra trong phan Format - Text Style. Text Color: hieu chnh mau sac cho ch viet. Thong thng ta nen chon mau cu the cho ch viet, khong nen e mac nh la ByBlock. Text Height: hieu chnh chieu cao ch viet, thong thng chieu cao ch nen chon trung vi chieu cao a chon trong phan Format - Text Style. Draw frame around text: khi chon phan nay AutoCad se t tao khung bao xung quanh ch kch thc. Vertical: hieu chnh cach the hien ch theo phng ng. Thong thng nen chon v tr la Center. Horizontal: hieu chnh cach the hien ch theo phng ngang. Thong thng nen chon v tr la Center. Offset form dimline: khoang cach ch viet so vi ng kch thc. Nen chon khoang 0.5mm tr len. Text Alignment: hieu chnh hng at cua ch kch thc. Nen chon Aligned with dimension line.

Hieu chnh v tr ch (Text Placement):

Cach hieu chnh Fit: Hieu chnh Fit Options: Fit Options dung e hieu chnh ky hieu mui ten va ch so khi khong u cho cho ca hai. Luc nay AutoCad se cho mot thanh phan ra ngoai ng giong theo cac cach chon sau ay: Either the text or the arrow whichever fit best: AutoCad se tnh toan va di chuyen ch so hoac ky hieu mui ten tuy cach nao chon tot hn . Arrow: AutoCad se di chuyen ky hieu mui ten. Text: AutoCad se di chuyen ch so. Both text and arrows: AutoCad se di chuyen ca ch so va ky hieu mui ten. Always keep text between ext lines: AutoCad luon gi ch so gia hai ng giong. Thong thng ta nen chon tnh nang nay. Trang 58

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Suppress arrow if they dont fit inside the extension lines: AutoCad bo qua ky hieu mui ten khi khong hieu chnh c trong ng giong.

Hieu chnh Text Placement: Text Placement dung hieu chnh v tr ch so khi khong u cho theo v tr a nh trc. Luc nay AutoCad se chon theo mot trong cac tuy chon sau: Beside the dimension line: AutoCad se at ch so ben canh ng kch thc. Over the dimension line, with a leader: AutoCad se a ch so len pha tren ng kch thc co ve ng dan. Over the dimension line, without a leader: AutoCad se a ch so len pha tren ng kch thc va khong ve ng dan.

Trong Fine Tuning ta nen chon phan Always draw dim line between ext lines tc AutoCad luon ve ng kch thc gia hai ng giong ma khong can biet khoang trong gia hai ng giong la bao nhieu. Cach hieu chnh Frimary Units: Hieu chnh Linear Dimensions: Trang 59

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Hieu chnh ve cach the hien kch thc. au tien ta phai chon n v the hien kch thc Unit format.

Cac n v chieu dai AutoCad cung cap la he n v khoa hoc, he thap phan, Nen chon he thap phan.

Precision: hieu chnh cach the hien cac so le Decimal separator: qui c cach ky hieu dau phan cach. Round off: qui c cach lam tron.

Hieu chnh Measurement Scale: Hieu chnh he so nhan cua ng kch thc Scale factor. Hieu chnh Angular Dimension: Hieu chnh n v o goc bang Units format. Cach hieu chnh Alternate Units: Hieu chnh ve cach the hien he n v th hai trong ng kch thc. AutoCad ch the hien ng kch thc th hai khi nut Display Alternate Units c chon. Cac hieu chnh con lai giong nh phan Primary Units.

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Cach hieu chnh Tolerances: Hieu chnh ve cach the hien dung sai trong ng kch thc. AutoCad the hien dung sai theo cac cach sau: Symmetrical: AAAaaa Deviation: AAA -aaaa Limits: AAA AAA Basic: AutoCad se tao khung xung quanh ch so. Vertical position: the hien v tr ch so so vi dung sai la Bottom, Middle va Top +aaaa

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Compare: Chc nang Compare dung so sanh hai dang ng kch thc vi nhau.

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Khi thc hien so sanh ta a hai dang ng kch thc can so sanh trong hai o Compare va With. Khi so sanh ta co cac so lieu c xuat ra trong list nh hnh vi Desription la phan mo ta tch chat so sanh, Variable la ten bien so sanh va Standard . Cac o sau the hien hai gia tr so sanh cua hai dang kch thc. 6.2.2. CAC LENH GHI KCH THC: Nhom cac lenh ghi kch thc nam trong toolbar Dimension.

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QDIM: tao nhanh chuoi kch thc bao gom cac kch thc thang va tron. DIMLINEAR: tao kch thc thang. DIMALIGNED: tao kch thc song song vi oan cho kch thc. DIMORDINATE: ghi toa o mot iem. DIMRADIUS, DIMDIAMETER: ghi kch thc ban knh va ng knh cung tron. DIMANGULAR: cho kch thc goc. DIMBASELINE: ghi chuoi kch thc song song vi ng kch thc trc o hay co san tren ban ve. DIMCONTINUE: ghi chuoi kch thc noi tiep. LEADER: ghi kch thc theo ng dan. CENTERMARK: anh dau tam cung tron hay ng tron. ALIGN TEXT: dan hng cho ch kch thc. STYLE: lam xuat hop thoai Dimension Style Manager.
Ghi kch thc thang: Dimlinear: tao kch thc thang

Command: _dimlinear Specify first extension line origin or <select object>: Specify second extension line origin: Non-associative dimension created. Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: Mtext: nhap ch dang hop thoai, ta co the nhap bat c ky t hay bieu tng-symbol mnh muon. Text: nhap vao dong ch muon chen Horizontal: ghi ch kch thc nam ngang. Trang 64

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Vertical:ghi ch kch thc thang ng. Angle: ghi ch kch thc theo goc quay Dimension text = 4.3402 Dimlinear: dung ghi kch thc thang bang cach click vao hai au cua oan can cho kch thc. oan thang cho kch thc co the nam ngang, thang ng hay co goc quay tuy y. Dimaligned: ng kch thc song song vi oan thang c cho kch thc.

Command: _dimaligned Specify first extension line origin or <select object>: Specify second extension line origin: Non-associative dimension created. Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: Mtext: nhap ch dang hop thoai, ta co the nhap bat c ky t hay bieu tng-symbol mnh muon. Text:nhap vao dong ch muon chen Angle: ghi ch kch thc theo goc quay Dimension text = 2.0930 Co hai cach cho Dimaligned o la ghi kch thc thang va ghi kch thc cho ng tron. Luc nay ng kch thc se song song vi hai iem goc cua ng giong. Ghi kch thc hng tam: Dimdiameter: tao kch thc ng knh.

Command: _dimdiameter Select arc or circle: Dimension text = 3.6989 Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Mtext: nhap ch dang hop thoai, ta co the nhap bat c ky t hay bieu tng-symbol mnh muon. Text: nhap vao dong ch muon chen Angle: ghi ch kch thc theo goc quay Dimdiameter: yeu cau ta chon ng tron can cho kch thc sau o di chuyen chuot e chon v tr hp l nhat, sau o click phm trai chuot la hoan thanh cau lenh. Dimradius: tao kch thc ban knh.

Command: _dimradius Select arc or circle: Dimension text = 1.8495 Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle] Mtext: nhap ch dang hop thoai, ta co the nhap bat c ky t hay bieu tng-symbol mnh muon. Text: nhap vao dong ch muon chen Angle: ghi ch kch thc theo goc quay Dimradius yeu cau ta chon ng tron can cho kch thc sau o di chuyen chuot e chon v tr hp l nhat, sau o click phm trai chuot la hoan thanh cau lenh. Dimcenter: ve dau tam.

Dimangular: ghi kch thc goc.

Command: _dimangular Select arc, circle, line, or <specify vertex>: Specify second angle endpoint: Specify dimension arc line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: Dimension text = 51 Dimangular dung ghi kch thc goc gia hai oan thang , cung tron bang cach bat vao cac oan thang hay cung tron can cho goc. Trang 66

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad Ghi chuoi kch thc: Dimbaseline: ghi chuoi kch thc song song.

Command: _dimbaseline Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <Select>: Dimension text = 2.2191 Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <Select>: Dimension text = 3.9694 Dimbaseline la chuoi kch thc song song vi ng trc o hoac san co trong ban ve. Mac nh khi thc hien len Autocad se lay ng kch thc va thc hien trc o la can c e ve. Neu khong ong y ta ch viec nhan Enter e chon lai ng ta can cho song song. Khoang cach gia hai ng kch thc c xac nh trong phan Base lines trong Dimension style Manager. Thng s dung lenh nay trong viec cho kch thc tong the. Dimcontinue: ghi chuoi kch thc noi tiep.

Command: _dimcontinue Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <Select>: Dimension text = 3.1778 Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <Select>: Dimension text = 1.7797 Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <Select>: Dimcontinue la chuoi kch thc noi tiep vi ng trc o hoac san co trong ban ve. Mac nh khi thc hien len Autocad se lay ng kch thc va thc hien trc o la can c e ve. Neu khong ong y ta ch viec nhan Enter e chon lai ng ta can cho noi tiep.

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CHNG 7

IN BAN VE RA GIAY
7.1. Tong quat ve cach in trong AutoCAD 7.2. Cach chon file in va net in 7.1. Tong quat ve cach in trong AutoCAD: AutoCAD cung cap cho ta mot cong cu in an tien dung va hu ch hn rat nhieu so vi AutoCad14. e thc hien in an ta vao File Plot hay nhan ong thi Ctrl+P, trang in nh sau:

Ta co hai cach chon in: cach th nhat la in trc tiep ngay t AutoCad, cach th hai la tao ra file in co phan m rong la Trang 68

Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad .plt. e tao file in ta ch can chon vao phan Plot to File luc nay AutoCad cung cap cho ta ng dan xac nh o a va th muc cha file trong phan File name and path . Khi can in ta co the khong can m AutoCad ma ch can a file in vao may in. Luc nay may se in theo nh dang ta a ra khi tao file in. In trc tiep t Autocad: Ta lan lt theo cac bc sau: Bc 1: Chon may in va hieu chnh cac ac tnh khi in e in trc tiep t AutoCad ta phai chon ung may in co trong phan Name trong Plot Device Plot Configuration nh hnh

Sau khi chon may in ta co the hieu chnh cac tnh chat cua may in nh: kho giay, ac tnh ve chat lng cua hnh in ra trong Properties. Phan Properties c the hien nh hnh ben di bao gom ba trang: General, Ports va Device&Document Setting. Trang Genaral mo ta cac ac tnh cua may in bao gom Driver ieu khien, dong mo ta description, cong in,..Trang Port the hien cong in. Trang Device and Document Setting giup ta hieu chnh cac ac tnh khi in trong o co hai phan chnh la Graphic vaUser define paper sizes and Calbration: Graphics : dung e hieu chnh ve chat lng cung nh o phan giai cua hnh anh khi in. Graphics bao gom hai dang quan trong la VectorGraphic va Raster Graphics khi in hnh anh ta nen chon Raster Graphics. User define Paper Sizes & Calbration: dung e tao kho giay mi ta v du nh cac kho giay m rong khi can in bang ve ln.

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Phan Hint.. the hien trang Help cua AutoCad ve phan driver may in. Bc 2: Chon viet in va chieu day net in trong Plot style Table. Bc 3: Chon kho giay in va n v khi in trong Plot Setting. Chon kho giay in trong phan Paper size: e chon kho giay ta nhap vao nut tha xuong, AutoCad se liet ke mot loat cac kho giay ma may in nhan c. e chon kho giay nao ta ch can click vao kho giay o. n v khi in nen chon la mm.

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Bc 4: T le khi in va vung can in: Chon t le in: ta chon t le khi in trong phan Plot scale khi nhap chon vao nut tha xuong ta se co mot loat cac loai t le in do AutoCad a ra nh hnh.

T bang nay ta co the chon bat c t le nao can bang cach click chuot vao no. Neu t le can in khong co trong bang nay th ta chon vao phan Custom e hieu chnh t le nh hnh:

e xac nh vung can in ta chon nut Windows. Luc nay hop thoai Plot se tam thi mat i e ban chon vung can in. Ban click chon ca so hai au cua vung can in co ket hp vi truy bat iem. Khi chon xong hop thoai Plot xuat hien tr lai. Neu ban can xem lai mot cach ay u chon Full Preview, neu ban ch can xem vung bien e rut ngan thi gian xem th chon Partial Preview. Trang 71

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Sau khi chon vung in xong ban chon Number of Copies tc so lng trang in can in sau o nhan OK. chon file in net in AutoCAD:

7.2. Cach va nh trong

e in mot ban ve ky thuat ta phai s dung cac dang ng net khac nhau e the hien cac vat the. Trong cac phien cu cua mnh AutoCad ch ghi nh s an nh ve ng net ngay trong bang mau in tuy nhien phien ban AutoCAD a co s thay oi ang ke o la tao ra mot file lu tr toan bo d lieu ve ng net va chieu day net khi in co phan m rong la *.ctb. Tao mi mot file .ctb nh sau: Trong Plot Device chon New trong phan Plot style Table luc nay xuat hien hop thoai Add Color- Dependent Plot Style Table nh hnh:

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Bang Add Color- Dependent Plot Style Table cung cap cho ta ba tuy chon Start from scratch: tao mot file in mi Use a CFG file: s dung file in co phan m rong la CFG lu tr cac cach at but ve nh AutoCad14 Use a PCP or PCP2 file: s dung file in co phan m rong la PCP hay PCP2 lu tr cac cach at but ve nh AutoCad14.

e tao mot file mi hoan toan ta nen chon Start from scratch. Khi chon Start from scratch hop thoai sau xuat hien.

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phan File Name ta nhap vao ten file cn lu, sau o nhan nut Next, hop thoai sau xuat hien. Trong hop thoai nay ta co the nhan ngay nut Finish e ket thuc. Tuy nhien e khong phai chon phan Edit trong Plot style Table ta nhan vao nut Plot style Table

Editor e hieu chnh ngay ng net va chieu day in mnh can.

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Tai lieu hng dan s dung AutoCad

Hop thoai Plot style Table Editor co ba trang ta can quan tam: General: trang thong tin chung ve file in cua ban. Table view: trang thong tin cu the ve tng mau sac ng net, but ve ban gan trong ban mau cua mnh. Trong bang nay neu ban cam thay phan nao can hieu chnh ve chieu day net in th co the hieu chnh ngay trong phan Edit Lineweights hay click trc tiep len man hnh Table view e hieu chnh.

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Form view: trang nay ta hieu chnh ve mau sac khi in cung nh dang ng va chiey day net khi in. o Mau sac khi in: neu in mau th ta gi nguyen mau a chon . Neu in trang en ta phai hieu chnh nh sau: Color: chon mau Black Pen va Vitural Pen#: chon 7

o Dang ng net (Linetype): neu a chon dang ng va at linescale trong hop thoai Layer Manager th gi nguyen Use object Linetype. Neu cha chon th ta phai chon tng ng vi tng mau trong 255 mau trong bang, cach chon nh sau: click chon mau trong bang 255 mau, sau o click thay oi trong o linetype. o Chieu day net (lineweights): neu a chon lineweights trong hop thoai Layer Manager th gi nguyen Use object Lineweight. Neu cha chon th ta phai chon tng ng vi tng mau trong 255 mau trong bang, cach chon nh sau: click chon mau trong bang 255 mau, sau o click thay oi trong o Lineweight. Trang 76

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Trong bang nay AutoCad cung cap cho ta cac chieu day i t nho en ln e la chon. Tuy nhien neu khong co chieu day theo yeu cau ta vao phan Edit Lineweights.. e sa lai. Hop thoai nh sau:

Trong hop thoai nay khi can hieu chnh chieu day nao ta click vao no sau o chon Edit Lineweight roi go vao chieu day mnh can. Khi hieu chnh xong nhan xong nhan Save & lai. Sau khi hieu chnh tat ca OK ong hop thoaiClose ong hop thoai lai. Luc nay ta co the tien hanh in nh a trnh bay phan trc. Luc nay phan in xem nh hoan tat.

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