Working cast and die

-Impression=> diagnostic cast => preparation on a patient=>2nd imperession=>working cast -cast is appositive replica of the arch. -Diagnostic cast to make special tray and temporary bridge -Requirments of a good cast: a. accurate( accuracy of the impression =>accuracy of the cast) reproduce all details captured in the impression c. dimensional stability. surface of tooth. b.

D. Include the prepared and unprepared e. hard. g. no voids, bubbles or nodules in

f. can be casted easily. critical areas. H.trimming

-Die is a ppositive replica of the prepared tooth alone (prepared single tooth). -You have to make impression for the whole arches not only the prepared tooth. -Requirements of a die: a.Accurate. b. dimensional stable (or have slight expansion ). hard,resistant to abrasion. d. No voids, bubles or nodules. ( concavity below the finishing line ), e. Discernible finishing line c.

-Die materials: a. Gypsum. copper ). b. Resin. c. electroplating die ( silver or

d. flexible die materials ( resemble heavy bodied silicon and polyether impression materials. ).

Gypsum
according to ADA ( American dental association ) the gypsum products are classified to five classes. We cant use except class 4 and 5. They have slight expansion which compensates metal casting contraction ( so it is not considered a disadvantage.) -Dont depend on the color because every company have a special color.

Type IV: -Advantage: 1-accuracy. 2-straight forward technique.

-disadv.: If not handled carefully and it is scratched => can be damaged Type V: Advantage: Harder than type IV. expansion. Disadvantage: slight increase

Epoxy Resin -it is mainly epoxy resin. -Advantage: 1)high strength. 2)good abrasion resistance. -disadvantage: 1)polymerization shrinkage. 3)time consuming and complex procedure. -Base and catalyst. 2)will fit more tightly. 4)high cost.

Electroplating

-. -adv.: 1-high strength and good abrasion resistance. -disadv.: 1-the material that will precipitate is toxic and its vapor is very dagerous. 2-time consuming(can use only one material which is polyaddition silicone). 3- needs special equipment. 4-not suitable for all impression

-electroplating die: impression material should withstand immersion in solution for long time to be used in this technique ( addition silicon ). We electroplate just the prepared teeth. Flexible die material <= -Used for indirect inlay and onlay and provisional rest -types: 1-stone die IV & V. 2-acrylic epoxydie.

-Refractory die material: withstand very high temperature.( I can build ceramic on and put it in the burnout)

-Requirements of die material: 1-high surface hardness. 2-high stability. 3-different color from wax B-separating medium

4- compatible with: a-impression material.

-Classification of working cast and die system: <= IMPORTANT a. solid cast and individual die system (multiple pour technique ), -simplest method, use it in sectional cast and full arch cast. -wax removed from cast to another. -1st pouring: pouring of die and its the most accurate, -2nd pouring: transfer of wax pattern to first model then

- solid cast and individual die: After washing and disinfection of the impression, assure that the borders and finishing line are correct. Then we pour the impression two times. We trim 1st pour to have the individual die ( because 1st pour is more accurate ). Then we make concavity below the finishing line by acrylic stone, scalpel and spoon. it should be 1 inch from finishing line to the base. And we keep the 2nd pour as a whole. After we finish the cast waxing on the die, we transfer it to the working cast.

-Accuracy: 1st pour> 2nd pour > 3rd pour.

b. removable die system, require: 1-die return to exact position. 3-easily mounted cast on an articulator.

2-die is stable. Techniques:

1-dowel pin. : put pins under the prepared teeth and edentulous area in the impression material, and they are fixed by bobby pins. Then pour the ridge, apply separating medium and pour the base. After that saw the ridge to get the removable die.

2-Pindex system. pour the ridge. Special drill is used to make holes in the cast below the prepared teeth and edentulous area. Using glue, fix pins to the cast. Apply separating medium then pour the base. Finally, saw the cast to get the removable die. -there are two types of pindex drill according to the pointer: a. laser pointer, b. normal pointer. -there are two types of pins used in the pindex system technique: a. two pins ( one long pin under buccal cusp, one short pin under lingual cusp), for better access cementation. b. one pin ( with two extensions, one long and one short ).

-the vacuum mixing machine makes the mix dense and free of voids. -selection of the cast fabrication technique is according to the availability of equipment and what the technician prefer. advantage: 1-less cost. .disadvantage: 1-bulky2-removable die-

3-alternatives c. alternative techniques: * di-lock technique (plastic). *dva model system (just name). *zeiser model system.