Neuratron PhotoScore Version 5.

5 User Guide

www.neuratron.com

Edition 1 1997, Edition 2 1998, Edition 3 1999 Edition 4, 5, 6 2000, Edition 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 2001 Edition 12 2002, Edition 13, 14, 15 2003 Edition 16, 17 2005 Edition 18 2006 Edition 19, 20 2007 This User Guide was written by Martin Dawe and Ben Finn. Published by Neuratron Limited. Neuratron PhotoScore was written by Martin Dawe, Richard Cheng, David Dawe, Andrew Hills, Chunhua Hu, Graham Jones and Tristan McAuley. The handwritten music recognition engine was written by Anthony Wilkes. Neuratron PhotoScore Copyright 1995 2007 Neuratron Limited Neuratron PhotoScore User Guide Copyright 1997 2007 Neuratron Limited OCR (Text recognition) and Linguistic technology by Image Recognition Integrated Systems S.A. 2000 I.R.I.S. S.A. All rights reserved All rights reserved. This User Guide may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means - electronic, recording, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise - in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of the publisher. Although every care has been taken in the preparation of this User Guide, neither the publisher nor the authors can take responsibility for any loss or damage arising from any errors or omissions it may contain. Neuratron, PhotoScore, PhotoScore MIDI, PhotoScore Ultimate, PhotoScore Paper, PhotoScore Professional, PhotoScore Lite, PhotoScore MIDI Lite, neuratron.com, photoscore.com, musicscanning.com, musicocr.com, scorerecognition.com, and Recognizing Intelligence are all registered trademarks or trademarks of Neuratron Ltd. Sibelius and G7 are registered trademarks of Sibelius Software Ltd. Espressivo is a trademark of Sibelius Software Ltd. Dolet is a trademark of Recordare LLC. Finale is a registered trademark of MakeMusic Inc. Igor is a trademark of NoteHeads Musical Expert Systems AB. iTunes is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Windows Media Player and DirectX are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Footime is a trademark or registered trademark of Bili, Inc. All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. All specifications are subject to change without prior notice. Remember, it is illegal to scan copyrighted music without the owner's permission.

CONTENTS
HOW TO USE THIS USER GUIDE ...................... 7 . INSTALLATION .......................................................... 7 T . . . Requirements ............................................................... 7 In nstalling Neuratron PhotoSco .................................. 9 ore INTRODUCTI I ION ............................................. 10 . . Suitable originals ........................................................ 10 Handwritten mu H usic (Ultimate v version only) ............... 11 Copyright music ......................................................... 12 C c Lite version use - Important information ................ 12 ers GETTING STA G ARTED ......................................... 13 . . Screen resolutio and colors ..................................... 13 on The three stage ........................................................ 13 es 1. 1 SCANNING.................................................. 14 G . . The three scann ning interfaces ................................... 14 Scanning a page of music ......................................... 16 marized................................................ 18 Scanning summ Scanned page c catalog ............................................... 19 Scanning hints............................................................ 19 Lo onger scores ............................................................ 20 Opening .bmp & TIFF files ......................................... 20 O Opening PDF fil (not Lite version) .......................... 20 O les e 2. 2 READING .. ................................................... 22 . . Reading and the Pages Pane ..................................... 22 e What PhotoSco reads (printed music) ................... 24 W ore What PhotoSco reads (handwritten music) ........... 25 W ore d 3. 3 EDITING .. ................................................... 26 . . What to correct .......................................................... 28 W t Checking for mi C istakes ............................................... 28
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Mouse and keys ......................................................... 28 Selecting..................................................................... 29 Multiple selections ..................................................... 29 Position of markings .................................................. 29 Re-reading a page ...................................................... 30 Re-scanning a page.................................................... 30 Deleting a page .......................................................... 30 EDITING RHYTHM & KEY SIGNATURES .......................... 30 Initial time signature................................................... 31 Pick-up (upbeat) / irregular bars ................................. 32 Key signatures / transposing instruments ................. 32 Altering note-values ................................................... 32 Inserting notes/rests .................................................. 33 Deleting notes/rests ................................................... 33 Attachment................................................................. 33 Inserting barlines........................................................ 33 Two or more voices ................................................... 34 Grace-notes and cue notes ........................................ 34 Editing hints ............................................................... 35 EDITING OTHER MARKINGS ........................................ 35 Copying markings ...................................................... 35 Deleting markings ...................................................... 35 Accidentals and articulation marks ............................ 35 Barlines....................................................................... 35 Beams ........................................................................ 35 Clefs ........................................................................... 36 Codas and Segnos (not Lite version) ......................... 36 Cross-staff notes (not Lite version)............................ 36 Fingering (not Lite version) ........................................ 37 Guitar Chord Diagrams & Symbols (not Lite version) 37 Instrument names ...................................................... 37 Multirests ................................................................... 38 Ornaments (not Lite version) ..................................... 38 Pedal markings (not Lite version) .............................. 38
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Pitch ........................................................................... 38 Repeat endings (not Lite versi .............................. 38 s sion) (not Lite versio / ties ...................... 39 on) Slurs / hairpins ( ersion) ................................................ 39 Text (not Lite ve plets (not Lite version) ........................ 40 Triplets and tup ADING HAND DWRITTEN MUSIC ....................... 41 U . REA Capabilities ................................................................. 41 C Scanning..................................................................... 42 PhotoScore Pap per ................................................... 42 Standard Paper........................................................... 42 Pen and Pencil............................................................ 43 Digital Pen and Paper................................................. 43 D Writing for Phot W toScore .............................................. 43 How to, and how not to write .................................... 44 H w AFTER PHOTO A OSCORING ................................. 47 . . Transposing ................................................................ 47 te Printing (not Lite version) ........................................... 47 Playing ........................................................................ 47 Saving ......................................................................... 48 core (.opt) files (not MIDI Lite version)49 e Saving PhotoSc Saving MusicXM & NIFF files (not Lite version)....... 50 ML s s Saving MIDI file ........................................................ 50 es AIFF files (not Lite version) ............... 52 Saving Wave & A Burning to audio CD (not Lite version) ...................... 53 o Converting to M (not Lite ve C MP3 version) ......................... 53 Saving files con ntaining rhythmic mistakes ................ 54 m Saving page and system form ................................ 54 d mat Saving multi-sta instruments ................................... 55 aff s Saving Bitmap (.bmp) and TIFF files .......................... 55 ANING UP ....... ................................................... 57 . . CLEA Closing the outp score ........................................... 57 C put Deleting unwan D nted scans .......................................... 57
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POSSIBLE PROBLEMS .................................... 58 R . . Scanning takes a long time or wont work ................ 58 r Not all staves/systems are detected ......................... 58 y t Reading takes a long time ......................................... 59 Music reads ina M accurately ........................................... 59 Handwriting rec H cognition problems ............................ 60 l Warning messa W ages .................................................... 61 If all else fails.............................................................. 61 ADVANCED FEATURES .................................... 62 A . . Choosing betwe scanners ..................................... 62 C een Scanning only o page............................................. 62 one Adjusting detec A cted staves/sys stems .......................... 62 Scan window options ................................................ 64 Omitted staves ........................................................... 64 O Multi-staff instru M uments .............................................. 65 In nstruments/sta aves introduced after the star ........... 65 d rt Reading slurs / hairpins (not Lite version) / ties ........ 66 Reading appog ggiaturas and cue notes (not Lite d version) ....................................................................... 66 ve Reading text (no Lite version) ................................... 66 ot ) Performance mode .................................................... 67 PhotoScore preferences ............................................ 67 YBOARD SHO ORTCUTS ..................................... 71 . . KEY GLO OSSARY ........ ................................................... 72 . . LIC CENSE AGREE EMENT ......................................... 74 . .

HOW TO U THIS USER GUIDE USE S E

The Neuratron Photo oScore programs ar highly sophisticat with many re ted advanced features. P Please read this ent user guide, with the exception tire h of the Advanced fea f atures section, bef embarking on any scanning. fore If you intend to scan relatively complex scores such as orchestral/band n x music, or scores of many pages, we st m trongly recommend that you start with w more simple m music until you are proficient with PhotoScore, and th familiarize yours with the Advan hen self nced features section. There are two main versions of this software: PhotoS Score Ultimate before version 5 this was named Photo oScore Professional but the name (b was changed to reflect the introduction of handw w written music re ecognition) and Pho otoScore (MIDI) Lite The former allow printing and e. ws sa aving of music in a variety of forma and the latter has reduced ats, r fu unctionality. All can be run on Mac OS X and Windo ows operating sy ystems. As the int terface varies slight between these v tly versions, parts of this user guide are specifically aim at different u f med users. These se ections are highlight with gray backg ted grounds, and the typ of user they pe are aimed at is printed at the top. E.g. Macintosh users (like below) or Sibelius/G7 users. S Fu urther to this, Macintosh and Windows systems typically have different ke eyboards and, as such, keyboard shortcuts are execut differently. ted Where necessary, b W both shortcuts are written with the M Macintosh one first. E.g. xXA or Ctrl+Shift+A. r Please also note that where it prov easier for exp ves planations, to PhotoScore is used a a verb meaning t scan and read mu as to usic.

INS STALLATION
Re equirements To use PhotoScore, y will need: you
Macintosh users M s

An Apple Macint tosh PowerPC/Intel with Mac OS X 10.3 or higher. It 3 should have at le 256 MB RAM a 512 MB is recom east and mmended. If your computer has less than 256 MB RAM, contact you supplier for ur a memory upgrade. More than 512 MB may be desirab if you need ble to scan small sta a lot, or for sca aves anning photos and g graphics. 7

Your computer should also have a reasonable amount of free hard disk space - at least 40Mb and preferably rather more. Sibelius/G7 users note: Although PhotoScore will work with Sibelius/G7 version 3.0 and higher, it is recommended that you use Sibelius/G7 5 or higher as it has greatly improved PhotoScore importing capabilities. A scanner (probably connected to your computer via a USB, Printer or SCSI port), and installed Mac OS X TWAIN driver software (it is highly recommended you visit your scanner manufacturers website and download the latest version also note that classic Mac OS TWAIN drivers will not work). You may need to contact your scanner manufacturer for information on installing a suitable TWAIN driver. If a Mac OS X TWAIN driver is not available for your scanner, you will need to scan using separate software, save suitable TIFF files, and open these in PhotoScore.

Windows users

An IBM compatible Pentium III (or equivalent AMD processor) or higher PC with at least 192Mb RAM - 256Mb if using Windows 2000/XP or 512Mb if using Windows Vista. If your computer has less than 192Mb RAM, contact your supplier for a memory upgrade. Windows 98SE/NT4SP6/Me/2000/XP/Vista Adobe Reader 6.0 or later should be installed to view PhotoScores PDF help. Your computer should also have a reasonable amount of free hard disk space - at least 40Mb and preferably rather more. Sibelius/G7 users note: Although PhotoScore will work with Sibelius/G7 version 3.0 and higher, it is recommended that you use Sibelius/G7 5 or higher as it has greatly improved PhotoScore importing capabilities. A scanner (probably connected to your computer via a USB, Printer or SCSI port), and installed TWAIN or WIA driver software.

Installing Neuratron PhotoScore Macintosh users Insert the Neuratron PhotoScore CD into your computers CD-ROM drive. If not opened automatically, display the CDs contents by clicking its icon on the Desktop. Double-click the PhotoScore installation file and follow the installation instructions until the software is installed. While files are being copied to your hard disk, it is a good idea to fill in and return the enclosed blue registration card. If you do not, you will not be entitled to technical support, nor be informed of future software updates. Alternatively you may register your product online at http://www.neuratron.com/register.htm. Eject the CD.

Windows users

Insert the Neuratron PhotoScore CD into your computers CD-ROM drive. Setup should begin automatically after a few seconds. If it does not, open My Computer on your desktop, double-click the CD-ROM icon (e.g. Neuratron_photoscore (D:)) and then run the file setup. Follow the installation instructions until the software is installed. While files are being copied to your hard disk, it is a good idea to fill in and return the blue registration card. If you do not, you will not be entitled to technical support, nor be informed of future software updates. Alternatively you may register your product on-line at http://www.neuratron.com/register.htm. Eject the CD.

Please note that unless you hold a multi-user site license, you are only permitted to use one copy of PhotoScore on one computer at a time. (All copies are serial numbered; illegal copies can easily be traced back to their original owner.)

INTRODUCTION C
Neuratron PhotoSco is a printed an handwritten (Ult N ore nd ltimate version only) music recognit program - the musical equivalent of a text OCR o tion program. Scanning text is dif fficult for computer to do, and has only achieved rs re easonable accuracy in the last few y y years. Music scan nning is much harder because of the more complica ated range of sym mbols involved, because of the co omplex two-dimens sional grammar o music, and of because some mark kings such as hairpins and phrase-m marks are of a va ariable shape and siize. The difficulty with sc canning music or te is that by scann a page, a ext ning understand it. As f as the computer is concerned, far r computer does not u canning a page me erely presents it wit a grid of millions of black and th s sc white dots, which co be music, text, a photograph or any w ould ything else. The process of actu ually reading or inte terpreting music, te or pictures ext rom ts mplex. A large part of the human fr this grid of dot is extremely com brain, containing many millions of co onnections, is devo oted solely to so olving this pattern r recognition problem m. Fo this reason, only a handful of mus scanning progra have ever or y sic ams been developed, and past attempts hav generally been ve inaccurate, d ve ery or unable to recogniz many standard m ze musical markings. Neuratron has alway been pushing th boundaries of th technology N ys he his with w PhotoScore and has now made iit the worlds first and only dual engine music scanning software. By combining the recognition results of tw independently developed recognitio engines PhotoScores accuracy wo on is much greater than twice that of each engine alone! s PhotoScore is able to read virtually all m o markings on a page a is the only and product available cap pable of reading guit tab and percussiion staves. tar As A a reflection of Neuratrons commitm ment and leadership in this field, we w have worked incr redibly hard to make PhotoScore the w e worlds first and only program design and capable of recognizing scanne handwritten ned ed music. m Suitable original ls PhotoScore is design to read originals that satisfy the following criteria: ned s 10

 fit on your scanner (i.e. the music itself is typically no larger than Letter/A4 size, though the paper may be slightly larger) have a staff size of at least 1/8 (3mm) are reasonably clear - for example, staff-lines should be continuous and not broken or blotchy, half-note (minim) and whole-note (semibreve) noteheads and flats should have a continuous circumference and not be broken or filled in, beams on sixteenthnotes (semiquavers) and shorter notes should have a significant white gap in between, and markings which are meant to be separate (e.g. noteheads and their preceding accidentals) should not overlap or be blotched together. Music which does not match the above will probably work, but with reduced accuracy. Scanning from photocopies is not recommended unless the photocopier is a particularly good one, as photocopying tends to degrade the quality of an original significantly. You may be obliged to scan from a reduced photocopy if your original is bigger than your scanner, but you should expect lower accuracy. Handwritten music (Ultimate version only) PhotoScore Ultimate is the worlds first handwritten music scanning program and is a breakthrough in the field of computer recognition. It is currently optimized to read freshly written music (rather than old archives) and allows musicians to compose music away from their computer, say relaxing in a field a long way from civilization! Once the music is composed using pen and paper (or digital pen and paper), it can be scanned into PhotoScore Ultimate which will convert it into a printed music format. It should be remembered that recognition of handwritten music is an incredibly difficult thing for a computer to do, and as yet there is not even a system available that can read cursive handwritten text from a scanned image with any accuracy, so this is an important and remarkable technological breakthrough. Important: Please read the chapter Reading Handwritten Music to make the most out of this exciting new technology.

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Copyright music You should be aware that by scanning music without permission you could infringe copyright. The following are rough guidelines to when copyright infringement might occur, but are not a full statement of the law: Music that was composed by someone who is alive, or who died less than 70 years ago, is in copyright. An arrangement of a piece of out-of-copyright music is in copyright until 70 years after the arrangers death, though the original tune or piece on which the arrangement was based remains out of copyright. Similarly, any editorial markings in music that is otherwise out of copyright are in copyright until 70 years after the editors death. Removing all such editorial markings avoids copyright infringement. The same applies for lyrics of a song until 70 years after the lyricists death. Again, copyright is not infringed if you do not scan the lyrics. The typographical arrangement (i.e. graphical appearance ) of otherwise out-of-copyright music is itself in copyright for some years after publication, though re-typesetting the music - which is what PhotoScore effectively does - probably avoids infringing copyright, and reformatting the music in a program such as Sibelius certainly avoids it. In most countries (but not the USA), music is automatically in copyright from when it is composed, arranged or edited; there is no registration procedure, and the music does not have to include a statement that it is copyright, or the symbol. Lite version users - Important information Lite version users If using PhotoScore Lite or PhotoScore MIDI Lite you will find that a number of menu items, toolbar buttons and check boxes are permanently grayed-out. This is not a bug these are simply features unavailable in the Lite versions. If you find you regularly need to use the grayed-out options, we recommend upgrading to PhotoScore Ultimate.

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GETTING STARTED
Run PhotoScore usin your preferred m ng method (e.g. from the Finder or Explorer, or from Sibelius/G7). E Unless it has been t U turned off (only pos ssible on the Macin ntosh version), yo should see the fo ou ollowing toolbar belo PhotoScores menu bar: ow

Clicking these butt tons is equivalent to selecting the menu items File>Scan Pages (for scanning pages of music), File>Open , PDFs (for conve P erting PDFs to mu usic files), and File e>Open (for opening saved scann images and Pho ned otoScore files), resp pectively. The th hree buttons to the right corre espond to the menu items File>Preferences (for changin ng PhotoScores preferences) Help>Neuratron PhotoScore Help (for PDF help), and H Help>Neuratron W Site (for the Neuratron web site). H Web e Scr reen resolution and colors We W recommend that you use PhotoScor on a display with a high screen t re h re esolution, such as 1 1024 x 768 or 1280 x 1024. A display with at least 0 y 16-bit color quality is also recommended s d. s The three stages n g anning, Reading There are three main stages when using PhotoScore Scan and Editing: 1. 1 Scanning a pa simply makes Ph age hotoScore take a ph hotograph of your original. It is also possible to open PDF files conta t aining sheet music (not Lite version). e 2. 2 Reading is the clever bit - this is w where PhotoScore r reads the scanned pages to work out what the notes and other markings are. 3. 3 Editing is wher you correct any m re mistakes that PhotoS Score has made. Editing w within PhotoScore w works in much the s same way as editing music in the music notation program Sibelius. n n After doing the abo you will then be able to transpose, play-back, ove, e , print, save your mu for use in other music programs an even burn usic nd your music to CD (not all features avaiilable in all PhotoSco versions). ore

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1. 1 SCANNING I
Macintosh users M s Im mportant: You need a Mac OS X TWAIN driver for your sca N anner model to be installed on your c computer if you wish to scan directly in PhotoScore nto (a classic Mac OS TWAIN driver will not work); otherw it will not a wise re ecognize your scanner. If you inte to use the A end Automatic or PhotoScore scanning interfaces ( P (explained below), the driver additionally needs to support Mac OS X Image Capture (IC It is highly o CA). re ecommended that y check your sca you anner manufacturer website for rs th latest driver a he and install this be efore attempting s scanning with PhotoScore. If a Ma OS X TWAIN driv is not available, you will need ac ver , to scan and save T files from the software that came with your o TIFF e sc canner, and then im mport these into PhotoScore using File> >Open.

The three scanni ing interfaces Depending on how much control yo need over scan D w ou nner settings, PhotoScore offers up to three different interfaces for scanniing, depending p on the version of M OS X/Windows you are using and your scanner Mac d so oftwares capabilitie Ensure your scan software is installed and that es. nner yo scanner is pow our wered on and conne ected to your comp puter and then click Scanner Set tup from PhotoScores File menu to see the u nterfaces available. T window should look something like this: The e in

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Automatic scanning (not Lite version) If available (see requirements below), PhotoScore automatically selects suitable settings for you and performs the scan immediately, automatically cropping the image afterwards. If your scanner takes a very long time to scan each page and you are not scanning handwritten music, tick the Scan more quickly check box and PhotoScore will scan at a lower resolution (usually 200dpi instead of 300dpi). PhotoScore interface If available (see requirements below), PhotoScores interface allows you to select the minimum height of the staves on the page(s) you are scanning so that it can select the most appropriate resolution. If scanning with a flatbed scanner (as opposed to a scanner with an automatic sheet feeder) it also allows you to select the area of the scanner glass to be scanned. This is useful, for example, when scanning A5 books, where more than one page may end up on the scanner glass, since PhotoScore can only read one page per scan. TWAIN interface This is the standard interface that you will often see when scanning with other software. It generally allows more advanced scanner settings to be adjusted, for example the pixel type, brightness and contrast. This interface is usually most useful when scanning very heavily or lightly printed music so that the brightness setting can be adjusted accordingly. Please note that PhotoScore only accepts scans made with a resolution between 200 and 600 dpi, and with black & white (also known as b/w document or 1-bit) or the recommended, more accurate, 256 grayscale (also known as b/w photo or 8-bit grayscale) pixel types. Do not choose color, 12-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit or 32-bit pixel types. Also ensure that any scaling option is set to 100% or 1:1 to avoid resizing of the image before PhotoScore sees it. Here are recommended resolutions depending on the minimum height of staves and types of music you are scanning (handwritten music should always be scanned at 300 dpi for the best results):

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Staff-height/type 1/4 (6mm) or more 3/16 1/4 (4-6mm) 1/8 3/16 (3-4mm) Handwritten Music

Resolution 200dpi 300dpi 400dpi 300dpi

Requirements for the Automatic and PhotoScore interfaces: Mac OS X: requires 10.3 or higher; Mac OS X TWAIN drivers supporting Mac OS X Image Capture (ICA) and compatible with your scanner model must be installed. Windows: generally requires Windows Me/XP/Vista with installed WIA drivers compatible with your scanner model; if using earlier versions of Windows some TWAIN drivers will also allow this feature. However if a message pops up saying your scanner is not fully TWAIN compliant or other problems occur, you should choose the TWAIN interface instead. Once you have selected your preferred scanner interface, ensure your scanner is the one selected in the drop-down menu or TWAIN scanner selection dialog (whether you are able to choose from a drop-down menu or the TWAIN scanner selection dialog depends on the scanner driver being used by PhotoScore). The remaining options on the Scanner Setup dialog (which is also the first pane in the PhotoScore preferences) are explained in the PhotoScore preferences section of Advanced features. Scanning a page of music For your first scan, try a page or two of simple keyboard music or something similar. Please note, some of these instructions only apply when using a flat bed scanner without an automatic sheet feeder if using an automatic sheet feeder (it is likely you will know if you have one), follow the instructions supplied with your scanner for information on page placement): 1 Put the page of music (the original) into your scanner, facedown and with the top of the page pointing away from you. Put one edge of the original flush against the raised edge of the glass. You can put the page on its side if it fits better. PhotoScore will automatically rotate the page by 90 degrees if necessary. 16

However you should normally align the top of the page with the left edge of the scanner to ensure it does not turn out upside-down. Dont worry though if it is scanned the wrong way up as it is easy to correct later on. If you are scanning in gray, then the page does not need to be completely straight - PhotoScore will automatically make the page level without loss of detail. It will not be rotated if scanning in black & white, as this would result in loss of detail, thus giving less accurate recognition results. 2 Click Scan Pages from PhotoScores File menu or the toolbar. 3 What happens now depends on the interface selected in File>Scanner Setup: Automatic scanning interface: (not Lite version): Your scanner should start working almost immediately (although it may take some time to warm up if it has not been used for a while). PhotoScore interface:

Click Select region to scan (not available if using an automatic sheet feeder) to make PhotoScore take a quick scan of the whole scanner glass area. Once the scanned preview of your page of music appears, use the mouse to click and drag out the region you wish to have PhotoScore read. To adjust an existing region, click and drag its edges. Then, click Scan selected region in the toolbar to return to the original dialog box, shown above. Your selected region will be used for all future scans made using the PhotoScore interface, until this region-selecting process is repeated. 17

Finally, choose the minimum height of the staves you are scanning and click Scan. Click Cancel if you have changed your mind and no longer wish to scan. TWAIN interface: Select the appropriate region (there is usually a preview button), resolution, pixel type, brightness settings etc. for your scan (consult the scanners user guide to find out how, since the interface varies from scanner to scanner) and then click the button marked Scan (or equivalent). 4 After a moment, the scanner will whir into life and transfer the page to your computer. (If this doesnt happen, see Possible problems.) If you are scanning from a fairly thick book, gently press down the lid (or the book if easier) during scanning to keep the page flat on the glass. 5 Unless using the Automatic scanning interface, a dialog box will appear for you to enter a name for the page, which will be something like Score 1, Page 1 by default. You can change this to any name you like - something like Piano p1 would do - then click OK. Subsequent pages you scan will be automatically numbered e.g. Piano p2, and a dialog box will not appear. 6 Wait a few seconds while PhotoScore makes the page level, adjusts the brightness, and locates the staves. 7 PhotoScore will now be ready to scan the next page, possibly after a prompt to wait for the scanner to stop whirring, so put the second page of music in the scanner, click on the Scan (or equivalent) button and proceed as for the first page. If the scanning interface does not reappear, click Scan Pages from PhotoScores File menu or toolbar again. 8 Continue until you have scanned all the pages that you want to scan. Scanning summarized Once youve scanned a few pages youll rapidly get into the routine of it. The procedure can be summarized as follows: 1 Place page in scanner 2 Click Scan Pages from PhotoScores File menu or toolbar 18

3 If not using the Automatic scanning interface, choose the staffheight or resolution, and if using the TWAIN interface, whether to scan in shades of gray b/w photo (recommended), or black and white b/w document 4 If not using the Automatic scanning interface, click Scan or the equivalent 5 If not using the Automatic scanning interface, enter page name (or leave the default name) 6 Go on to next page Scanned page catalog Its important for you to understand that whenever you scan a page, PhotoScore adds it to a catalog of scanned pages to be read later. You do not need to save scanned pages or the catalog they are stored on your hard disk automatically. This means that whenever you start PhotoScore, it still remembers any pages you scanned previously. You can and should delete pages that you no longer need to keep; well tell you more about this catalog later. The catalog can be viewed in the pages pane (described at the start of the next chapter) . Scanning hints If you want to read a page of music smaller than the size of your scanner, you should make sure that only that portion is scanned. If you are using the TWAIN interface, then you will need to read the supplied TWAIN driver documentation on how to scan only part of a page. This usually involves use of a preview feature if available. Ensure that all of the music on the page you are scanning is on the glass of the scanner, and that no music from the facing page is scanned. It doesnt matter if your original is larger than Letter/A4, so long as the music itself will fit onto Letter/A4. If you are scanning a page that is smaller than Letter/A4 size, it doesnt matter where on the glass you position the original. However, it helps if you put the edge of the page flush against the edge of the glass, to ensure that its straight. 19

 If the first page you are scanning has page number 3 (say) printed on it rather than 1, it will be least confusing if you name the page (say) Piano p3 rather than Piano p1. If you are scanning a small music book then you may be able to fit a double-page spread (two facing pages side-by-side) on the scanner glass, but dont try this - PhotoScore can only read one page at a time. Scan each page separately. For simplicity, we recommend that you scan all the pages in a piece of music before reading them all. You are allowed to scan a page, then read it, then scan another and so on (see Advanced features), but we dont suggest you try anything like this until you are proficient with PhotoScore. Longer scores If you want to scan a score of more than a few pages, scan and read a sample page first to verify that the scanner and other settings are correct. If you use the first page as a sample page and it reads correctly, there will be no need to re-scan it. Continue scanning from the second page; you will find that when you have scanned and read all the pages, they will have been added in the correct order after the first page. PhotoScore can scan scores of up to 400 pages (Lite version 20 pages), though for scores of 40 pages or more you are strongly advised to split them into separate pieces, songs, movements or other convenient sections, and scan, read and edit each section separately. Opening .bmp & TIFF files PhotoScore can open TIFF and .bmp (Windows only) files. This is useful if your scanner is on a separate computer from PhotoScore as you can scan and save files and transport them to the PhotoScore computer for opening. Open these files from File>Open ensuring that the appropriate file type is selected in the Files of type drop-down menu. The files must be scanned at a suitable resolution and be black & white (2 color) or 256 shades of gray. Multiple files may be selected and opened at the same time. TIFF files containing multiple images may be opened. Opening PDF files (not Lite version) It is possible for PhotoScore to open and read PDF files. You should ensure that Ghostscript v8.15 or higher is installed on your computer first 20

as this is required to do much of the hard work. This is automatically installed with the Mac OS X version, and is optional during installation for the Windows version. Read about Ghostscript at www.ghostscript.com. Open PDF files from File>Open PDFs. PhotoScore will ask you what resolution you want to open the file at (the default of 300 dpi is usually sufficient) and then proceed to open all pages in the PDF file. If the file is protected, PhotoScore will also prompt for you to enter a suitable password. Hold down Escape if you want to stop PhotoScore opening the file. Multiple files may be selected and opened at the same time. Afterwards, the pages can then be PhotoScored just as if they had been scanned in.

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2. READING N
As A mentioned earlier just scanning a pa simply presents the computer r, age s with w a grid of millio of black and w ons white dots, which a far as it is as concerned could be a anything from text to a photograph. Reading the music is the clever bit, w where PhotoScore w works out from R th scan where and w the notes and other markings on the page are. he what Reading and the Pages Pane e e You Y should see the p pages pane (below at the left of the screen. If not, w) yo can view it by selecting View>Toggle Pages Pane. Alternatively, ou re esize it by double-clicking or clicking and dragging its right edge. re Note: If you used PhotoScor 4 or earlier, this replac the Scanned pages dialog ces box that was available fro the View om Pages toolbar bu utton and View>Sc canned pages m menu item. s wo The pages pane is split into tw main parts, Pending Pages and Read P Pages: Pending Pa ages At the ver top of this area yo can choose ry ou whether t next page to b read should the be be read a printed or handwritten music as (not Lite v version). It is highly important that you choo ose the correct option before opening/sc canning/reading pages otherwise the recogn nition accuracy will be very poor. Below this is the list of pages of music that s s have been scanned iin or opened from P TIFF and BMP f and which PDF, files have not yet been re by PhotoScore. If you move the mo ead ouse over each item you will see a thumbnail of the pa Clicking on the thumbnail or age. e double-clicking on th page name displa the original page in a window he ays to the right. This is useful for checking whether the pa has been o s age sc canned properly. Whilst hovering ove an item, the Re check box at the right will W er ead ex xpand. If the checkbox is marked gre this means it is waiting to be een 22

read. PhotoScore will go through reading all pages with a green checkbox in order from top to bottom. If Read pages after scanning/opening is selected in the preferences (see the chapter Advanced Features) each page scanned in or opened from a file will have this checkbox set and be read automatically. It is possible to click and drag a pending page up or down in the list to change the order it appears in the output score. While a page is being read, the progress will be shown by a green bar filling the listed item from left to right. Also, holding the mouse over it will show Cancel instead of Read and clicking this will cancel reading of that page. It takes a moment to cancel and during this time Cancelling will be displayed and the checkbox will be marked red. Clicking over the name of the page selects it and colors it blue. Further pages can be selected by holding down X or Ctrl (to add individual pages) or Shift (to add a series of pages) whilst clicking. Clicking Read or Cancel on a selected page causes the same action to be performed on all other selected pages. Therefore, it is possible to select several pages and, with one click, choose whether or not they should all be read. Clicking where it says Remove on a selected page allows all selected pages to be removed. As each page is read the recognized music is added to the output score to the right of the pages pane. You can edit the output whilst PhotoScore is reading the remaining pages. The page listing is also moved from the Pending Pages area to the Read Pages area, described next. Read Pages (grouped into scores) As each pending page is read, it is moved into this area. The pages are grouped into scores to make them easier to manage. The pages belonging to a score can be shown or hidden by clicking on the small + or at the left of the score name (with blue background). Double-clicking on the score name opens the PhotoScore file associated with the score as well as showing the pages that make it up. If you wish to read a set of pages into a new score, you first need to save the current output score on the right-hand side and close it by choosing File>Close Score or clicking the small cross at the top right. Newly read pages will then appear under a new blue score heading.

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Moving the mouse over read pages will display the original scanned page thumbnail on the left and also a representation of the output page on the right. Clicking on the left thumbnail displays the original page in a window to the right and is useful for checking that PhotoScore has correctly located the staves if the output looks strange. All staves should be boldly highlighted in blue, with the correct number of stave lines shown, and all staves within systems should be joined with a red line. For further information, see the sections Adjusting detected staves/systems and Scan window options in the chapter Advanced Features. Clicking on the right thumbnail displays the output page in a window to the right, loading the relevant PhotoScore file if necessary. It will ask whether you would like to save the current PhotoScore file if it hasnt already been, since it is only possible to have one PhotoScore file open at a time. Note that pages cannot be dragged up and down after they have been read. Pages that have been read but not edited are shown with a * to the left of the page name to remind you that any mistakes may not have been corrected yet. If a page name is drawn bold it means that that page is being displayed on the right. What PhotoScore reads (printed music) PhotoScore reads most musical markings, including: Notes & chords (including stem direction, beams & flags), rests. Ultimate version also reads grace and cross-staff notes. Accidentals. Ultimate version also reads articulation marks Clefs, key signatures, time signatures Systems, 5-line staves (normal and small), 6-line guitar tablature staves, standard barlines. Ultimate version also reads 4- and, 1-,2-, 3- and 5-line percussion staves, double and repeat barlines The format of the page, including the page size, staff size, margins, and where systems end Ties. Ultimate version also reads slurs and hairpins. To switch on/off slur, tie and hairpin reading, see Advanced features 24

Ultimate version only:

Tuplets (triplets etc.). For PhotoScore to read tuplets, Tuplets (includes advanced rhythm detection) must be switched on (see Advanced features) Text including lyrics, dynamics, tempo, instrument names, title & composer, guitar chords, and note fingering. More details on text reading are in Advanced features Guitar chord diagrams. To switch on/off guitar chord diagram reading, see Advanced features Various other markings such as codas, segnos, ornaments, pedal markings and repeat endings, see Advanced features PhotoScore will ignore less common markings, including some lines such as 8va, special noteheads and tremolos. All of these markings can be added back to the score in music programs such as Sibelius or G7. What PhotoScore reads (handwritten music) The current version of PhotoScore Ultimate is designed to aid the input of music created away from a computer for the purposes of note entry and as such only reads a subset of the markings possible when reading printed music. If you find PhotoScore does not read your handwriting accurately, please email examples to us for training purposes. PhotoScore can read: Notes & chords (including stem direction, beams & flags, augmentation dots), rests Accidentals Key signatures Time signatures are calculated from the music (not specifically read) Systems, 5-line staves, barlines Ties and slurs. To switch on/off tie and slur reading, see Advanced features The format of the page, including the page size, staff size, margins, and where systems end

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3. 3 EDITING N
As A each page is read in the pages pane PhotoScores interpretation of it d e, is added to a window called the output window on the rig s w ut ght. Here you ca edit any mistakes that have been made. an
Quick Editing Gu Q uide

To select an ob bject click on it so t it turns a differe color. To that ent change the selec note within a c cted chord hold down Alt whilst using t the up/down cur keys. To select a whole chord doub rsor ble-click in the centre of one of its notes. Notes can be d dragged up and do own with the mouse or up/down cursor keys. To add a note c a note-value on the keypad at the bottom right click n e of the window, t then click on a staff to input the note at the pitch t where you click. The keypad button stays pressed dow so you can n wn click more notes onto the staff. Inpu several notes, on above the ut ne other, to make a chord. To stop crea ating notes, press E to Esc deselect all the k keypad buttons. A n can quickly be a note added to an existing chord by selecting the chord and double-clickin in the y d ng desired position. To edit notes: You can select a no and edit its stem ote m-direction, articulations, acc cidental, etc. just by choosing the relevant keypad y button. To edit a notes length, choo a note-value on the keypad. A ose flag or beam can also be chosen in t way. Type the left/right n this arrows to move between notes. To add/edit rests To add rests, do t same as for adding a note, but s: the also click on the bottom left rest but in the keypad to convert the tton note to a rest. Re can be edited in the same way as notes. ests To see more ex xotic sets of symb click the five buttons at the bols u top of the keypad d. To change the vo of a note or res click one of the b oice st, buttons marked 1 2 3 4 at the bottom of the keypad (only voice 1 and 2 in e es Lite version). Individual notes within a chord may be split into different voices, and chords in differ voices may be joined into rent single chords in t way. this

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The keypad on the screen corresponds to the numeric keypad at the right of your computer keyboard. Type these keys in preference to using the mouse, as its much quicker. You can choose several keys together (but type the note-value first), e.g. type 4 . / to get a dotted quarter-note (crotchet) with a tenuto and accent. To copy and paste you can use XC or Ctrl+C and XV or Ctrl+V respectively (clicking where you want to paste), but its quicker to duplicate an object in a single action by selecting it, pointing somewhere else and clicking with the z or Alt key held down. Try this with a note or some text. To delete selected objects type Delete. To edit guitar tablature notes: The fret number of a note can be entered using the number keys. To edit other objects: Most objects such as clefs, time signatures and barlines can be changed by double- or right-clicking over them to bring up an appropriate dialog box or menu. To create other objects: You can create other objects (e.g. clefs, time signatures) from the Create menu, which you can also get by Ctrl- (Mac) or right- (Windows) clicking. Choose an object from the menu, and then click on the score to create it. To reposition/resize objects: Most objects can be moved around the page by clicking and dragging. Some objects such as slurs and hairpins can be resized in a similar manner by clicking and dragging their left or right edges.

The top part of the window (with a slightly yellowish background) shows you the original scanned page. The large bottom part of the window (with a light-gray background) shows PhotoScores interpretation of the scan - that is, what PhotoScore thinks the original reads. The accuracy of PhotoScore's interpretation depends on several factors such as the quality of the original print, the scanner's resolution, etc. Hence this part of the window is where PhotoScores mistakes can occur. If you cannot see the top part of the window, this means PhotoScore cannot locate the original scanned page (for example if it has been deleted); the whole output window will have a white background instead. 27

At the top left of the window it says, for example, Page 1 of 7, and by clicking on the arrows you can move through all of the pages that have been read. It makes sense to edit the first page completely, then advance to the second page and so on until the whole output score has been edited. The magnifying glass icon zooms the page to fit the window; 100 scales to 100%; 200 scales to 200%. To the bottom right of the window is the keypad. This can be repositioned using its title bar. It has two alternative layouts (one similar to Sibelius/G7s, the other easier-to-use for most beginners) that can be toggled by clicking the small double-arrow icon at its bottom right. At the top right of the output window is a full-detail view of the original scan that shows the region the mouse pointer is currently over. This can be moved and resized like a normal window. Both this and the keypad can be removed by un-checking the appropriate options in the View menu. There is a Create menu in the menu bar, which is similar to Sibelius/G7s Create menu. Editing features not appropriate for PhotoScore have been omitted. What to correct The minimum amount of correction recommended before transferring the output score to another music program is to correct rhythmic and key signature mistakes. Other mistakes such as pitch can usually be corrected later. We recommend you work this way initially. Once you are more proficient with PhotoScore, you can correct the music completely in PhotoScore before sending it to another program. The advantage of this is that you can spot errors by looking at the scanned original on the screen instead of having to refer to it on paper. Checking for mistakes Check for mistakes by comparing the bottom part of the window with the original scan at the top. The original scan display is continually updated to show the region of the page the mouse is pointing at. Avoid the temptation to compare the output page with the original music on paper - it is almost always quicker to compare with the scan on the screen. Mouse and keys Broadly speaking, you can: 28

 select and move markings using the (left) mouse button copy markings using z-click, Alt-click or clicking with the middle mouse button. create markings using the Create menu delete markings with Delete edit notes and rests using the keypad. Selecting To select a marking: Point at the marking so that it is highlighted with a purple box Click with the (left) mouse button - the marking goes blue if in voice 1, green if voice 2, orange if voice 3 or purple if voice 4. It is also possible to move left and right to select different markings by using the left and right arrow keys. Hold down Ctrl at the same time to jump to the start of the current or next bar. The purple box makes it easier to compare the top and bottom parts of the output window, and also helps you select the intended marking when the music is cramped. Note that, in the bottom part of the window, only the staff where the mouse cursor is currently located is highlighted in white. This staff corresponds to the part of the scanned image displayed at the top of the window. Multiple selections Note that you can select several markings at once by holding down X or Shift, or by holding down the (left) mouse button and dragging a box around the markings to be selected. You can then edit or delete all the markings at once. This can save a lot of time. Alternatively you can select further individual notes by holding down X or Ctrl, or a series of notes by holding down Shift, and clicking. It is also possible to select additional markings to the left and right by holding down Shift whilst using the left and right arrow keys. Similarly use xX or Ctrl+Shift to select up to the start or end of a bar. Position of markings PhotoScore positions markings wherever it sees (or thinks it sees) them on the page. It does not attempt to re-layout the music. Hence 29

PhotoScore is quite happy for markings to overlap, or not to align. You can click and drag most objects left and right if they do overlap. Re-reading a page If you want to re-read a page, perhaps because you have adjusted the recognition setting, double-click on the yellowish top part of the output window to obtain the scan, then click on Read this page. You can also choose where the resulting page is to end up in the output score by clicking the small arrow immediately to the right of Read this page and then choosing one of the options available. Re-scanning a page If you want to re-scan a page after reading it - perhaps if inadequate scanner settings were used - double-click on the yellowish top part of the output window to obtain the scan, then click on Re-scan. After scanning, click Read this page at the top of the window to re-read it. Deleting a page Selecting Edit>Delete page from the menu removes the currently displayed page from the output score, which is useful if you accidentally scanned the same page twice. Dont use this if you want to re-scan the page, as PhotoScore adds newly scanned pages to the end of the output score rather than inserting them in the middle. Instead, see Re-scanning a page (above).

EDITING RHYTHM & KEY SIGNATURES

Rhythm is the main source of errors because rhythms are harder to read than pitch.
Sibelius/G7 users Unlike Sibelius/G7, PhotoScore does not pad out bars with rests to make sure they always add up because it is not always obvious from which part of a bar the rhythm is missing.

Note that when you insert musical objects into a staff no extra space appears for them, so the spacing may get a bit cramped Dont worry about this, as the music is re-spaced when it is sent to Sibelius/G7. If the View>Bad Timing menu item is ticked, any bar that apparently has too few or too many notes in any voice is drawn with horizontal red dashed lines above and below it and PhotoScore writes, in a color 30

appropriate to the voice, how much rhythm is missing or in excess. For instance, if a bar appears to have an extra quarter-note (crotchet) plus a sixteenth-note (semiquaver), PhotoScore will write a + followed by a picture of a quarter-note (crotchet) and a sixteenth-note (semiquaver). Conversely, if the bar is apparently a half-note (minim) short, it will write a - followed by a picture of a half-note (minim). A notehead with a small 3 or 4 above it denotes a 1/32nd-note (demisemiquaver) or 1/64th-note. A vertical red dashed line is drawn at the end of a staff if the end barline is missing (whether intentionally or not). Unless a bar is split over staves, barlines must be added to mark the end of the bar. If a bar is split over staves, any rhythm warnings are only displayed on the latter staff.

The procedure to use when correcting rhythm is to first check that the correct time signature is set. Then look at each bar highlighted with horizontal red dashed lines, and correct the rhythm in each bar until the red lines disappear. Once there are no horizontal red dashed lines left on a page, you can be confident that it is rhythmically correct.
Initial time signature If there is no time signature at the start of the first output page PhotoScore will assume a time signature of 4/4. So, if this is incorrect, the first thing you should do is input an initial time signature. To do this, point over the output page and Ctrl-click (Mac) or right-click (Windows) (this displays the same menu as clicking on Create) and choose a time signature from the dialog box opened by clicking on Time signature. Common time signatures can be chosen, or you can create your own. Insert the time signature at the start of the score by carefully positioning the blue pointer after the initial clef. If you get a purple box instead of a dark blue line, the pointer is over a marking and you will not be able to insert the time signature. The same principle applies when placing any other marking - you can only position markings where the dark blue vertical line appears. If you get a purple box, the highlighted marking will be replaced with the new one (unless there are two different types of marking involved, in which case nothing will happen). If Tuplets (includes advanced rhythm detection) (see Advanced Features) is switched on, you may find a red time signature placed at the start of the page. This is nothing to be alarmed about as it only 31

shows that PhotoScore could not find one on the page during reading, and so guessed it. This can be edited or deleted just like any other time signature. Pick-up (upbeat) / irregular bars Scores often start with a short bar, known as a pick-up bar (upbeat bar) or anacrusis. Such irregular bars which do not add up to the time signature need special consideration. It is necessary to insert two invisible time signatures (there is an Invisible check box in the Time signature dialog). The first should be inserted at the beginning of the irregular bar and should be of a value which matches the length of that bar. The second should be the same value as the original time signature and should be placed at the beginning of the following bar, so that timing returns to normal. Key signatures / transposing instruments Make key signatures from the Create menu. The normal behavior is for PhotoScore to create individual key signatures for each staff. If you wish to create key signatures for all staves in a system (for example if there are no transposing instruments), hold down X or Ctrl when placing them. Likewise, deleting in the usual way will remove individual key signatures from a staff, whereas holding down X or Ctrl when deleting will remove all key signatures from a system. You should always make sure that there is a key signature on every staff in a system (or none on any ) when adding or changing multiple key signatures at the same time otherwise other key signatures may be affected or duplicated.
Sibelius/G7 users Beware that if a key signature has the correct number of sharps/flats on one system but the wrong number on the next one, and you do not correct it, the start of the latter system will be regarded as a key change when the music is sent to Sibelius/G7.

Sibelius/G7 v2 or higher users: When transferring a transposing score to

Sibelius/G7, ensure that This is a transposing score is checked in Sibelius/G7s Open PhotoScore file dialog.

Altering note-values To alter a note-value, simply select the note or rest in question, and then use the keypad. 32

If several notes have the wrong note-value, bear in mind that you can drag a selection box around them to select them all, and then correct them all with a single key-stroke. Inserting notes/rests To insert a note somewhere, use the keypad. Alternatively, select another note or rest of the same value and copy it where you want it to go with z-click or Alt-click. If PhotoScore has overlooked a note/rest when reading the music, it will just leave a gap. You can correct this by simply copying a note/rest into this gap. If you wish to quickly add a note to an existing chord, select the chord and then double-click where you would like the new note to be added. Deleting notes/rests PhotoScore may sometimes mistake some other marking for a note or rest, leaving you with an extra note or rest in a bar. To remove the note/rest, simply select it and press Delete. You can select several notes/rests for deletion by dragging a selection box around them first. Because PhotoScore does not attempt to pad out bars with rests, deleting a note simply removes it rather than turning it into a rest. You can explicitly turn a note into a rest by using the keypad if you like. PhotoScore has no concept of an invisible rest (unlike Sibelius/G7), so you neednt worry about leaving invisible rests lying about when you delete rests. Attachment In the same way that the current staff is highlighted in white, when creating or copying a marking, the staff that the marking will be attached to is highlighted in white. So when placing a note or other marking in between two staves, first move the mouse up or down until the intended staff is highlighted, then click. Inserting barlines Sometimes a bar will not add up because PhotoScore has overlooked a barline, thus producing a double-length bar. To correct this, simply select a barline from elsewhere on the page, and copy it into the gap where the barline should be with z-click or Alt-click. Alternatively you can 33

Control-click (Mac) or right-click (Windows) and select a barline from

the menu that appears.

Two or more voices When music is in two or more voices, PhotoScore marks each note/chord/rest with an appropriate color (blue, green, orange or purple for voices 1 through 4). In the example below, the top notes are colored blue (voice 1) and the bottom ones are green (voice 2).

To change the voicing of a selected note/chord/rest, press z1 or Alt+1 to put it into the first voice, z2 or Alt+2 to put it into the second voice, z3 or Alt+3 for the third voice or z4 or Alt+4 for the fourth voice. Alternatively you can use the keypad. PhotoScore shows rhythmic mistakes for each voice independently in an appropriate color for the voice at the end of the bar. Take care, when correcting any rhythmic mistakes, that all voices end up with the correct number of beats in a bar. A common source of rhythmic errors is simply that one or more notes are in the wrong voice. PhotoScore may assume that a bar with stems both up and down is in two voices, when in fact it is only in one. You can correct this by dragging a selection box over all the notes so they are highlighted, then typing z1 or Alt-1 to put the notes into a single voice. Grace-notes and cue notes PhotoScore will often correctly recognize grace notes; however, it assumes that they are cue notes and will therefore include them in the rhythm of the bar. Because of this, you are recommended to delete any grace-notes and reinput them in a separate music program; otherwise bars with gracenotes in will end up with the wrong number of beats. Cue-notes, however, do contribute to the rhythm in a bar, so you can leave these in.

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Editing hints If you make a mistake (e.g. by deleting the wrong marking) you can undo this action by pressing XZ or Ctrl+Z. You can reverse an undo (called redo) by pressing XY or Ctrl+Y. PhotoScore remembers, and thus you can undo, up to the last hundred editing actions performed. When you are proficient with editing rhythms, you can save time by not bothering to fill in any rests that may be missing from the ends of bars. This is because when a MIDI file is saved, or a score is sent to Sibelius/G7, any bars that are too short (according to the prevailing time signature) will be automatically padded out with rests for you. If you are PhotoScoring a long score, it is recommended for safety reasons that you save your score to disk after editing each page (not possible with PhotoScore MIDI Lite).

EDITING OTHER MARKINGS

As mentioned earlier; you may want to edit other markings in another music program rather than PhotoScore, particularly while you are still learning to use PhotoScore. Therefore, if you like, you can skip this section for the time being. Copying markings To copy a marking, simply select it, point elsewhere and click with z or Alt held down. You can copy almost any type of marking. Deleting markings To delete any marking, simply select it and press Delete. Hold down X or Ctrl when deleting key signatures to remove all of them from a system. Accidentals and articulation marks These can be applied to the selected note using the keypad. Barlines You can correct an incorrectly recognized barline by double- or rightclicking over it and selecting the correct one from the menu that appears. You can create special barlines from the Create menu. Beams You can alter the beaming of notes using the keypad. 35

Clefs In general it is not assumed that an instrument retains the same clef throughout a score, so the clef at the start of a staff can be wrong even if it was correct on the previous staff. Should this occur, it is easily corrected simply by double- or right-clicking over the faulty clef and selecting the correct one from the dialog box (Mac) or menu (Windows) that appears. You can create a clef from the Create menu. To insert a clef change in the middle of a staff, you can select and copy the desired clef and paste it where you want the clef change. PhotoScore will automatically draw it at the smaller size. Codas and Segnos (not Lite version) You can create codas and segnos from the Create>Symbol submenu. If a note or rest is not already selected, you must now click on a note or rest to place it. A dialog box then appears, and you should type any text to be associated with the coda or segno and click OK. To edit the text of an existing coda or segno, double- or right-click over it so that the same dialog box as used when creating a coda or segno appears. Enter the text and click OK. When a coda or segno is selected (and Attachment is ticked in the View menu), a dotted line is drawn between the coda or segno and the note it is attached to. PhotoScore automatically reattaches codas and segnos to the nearest note when they are added, dragged or when a note is deleted. It is possible to create a gap in a system (to mark a separate coda section) by adding a coda barline from Create>Barline. The gap will be from the previous barline. Cross-staff notes (not Lite version) To move a note to the staff above or below whilst keeping it as part of the timing of its current staff, select it and choose one of the options from the Notes>Cross-Staff Notes submenu. Because the staff it is moved to does not contain the timing of that note (it remains as part of the original staff) you may need to add invisible rests to make the bars timing add up (invisible rests pad out a bars timing but are not printed). To do this, insert a rest at the appropriate position. Then select it and choose Notes>Hide or Show Rests so that it turns grey to show it is invisible. 36

Fingering (not Lite version) You can create note fingering from the Create>Text submenu. A dialog appears allowing you to enter up to five fingering values from dropdown boxes. Click OK to place the marking in the score. If a note is not already selected, you must click on a note to place it. This marking can be repositioned by clicking it and dragging with the mouse, and can be editing by double- or right-clicking over it. Guitar Chord Diagrams & Symbols (not Lite version) You can create guitar chord diagrams and symbols from the Create menu and the Create>Text submenu. A dialog appears allowing you to add/edit the chord symbol text in the top half and the diagram in the bottom half. Please note that PhotoScore does not synchronize the symbol and the diagram, so it is possible to create a diagram and symbol combination that does not make sense. If Show chord symbol is checked, then you can choose the chord, type and bass components of the symbol from the drop-down menus. If Show chord diagram is checked, it is possible to click on the appropriate strings and frets in the diagram to add finger position markings. Click at the top of a string to alternate between open string and silent. Click the arrows to the right of the diagram to adjust the starting fret. Click OK to place the marking in the score. If a note or rest is not already selected, you must now click on a note or rest to place it. This marking can be repositioned by clicking it and dragging with the mouse, and can be edited by double- or right-clicking over it. Instrument names If the instrument names of the staves in each system are not written or have not been read correctly, you can and should edit them to the names of the actual instruments used in the score: 1 Locate the area to the left of any stave, where the instrument name should be written, and double-click to open a dialog box. 2 Go through each instrument in the list, selecting it, clicking Rename and choosing the new name from the list of standard instruments, or entering it manually. 37

If some systems in the original have staves missing, or if new instruments or staves are introduced after the first system (e.g. where strings divide), see Advanced features. Multirests You can create multirests from the Create>Bar Rest submenu. Choose the number of bars you want the multirest to last for and click OK to place the marking. Drag it horizontally to adjust its size. Ornaments (not Lite version) You can create ornaments (trills, mordents and turns) from the Create>Symbol submenu. If a note or rest is not already selected, you must now click on a note or rest to place it. This marking can be repositioned by clicking it and dragging with the mouse, and can be edited by double- or right-clicking over it. Pedal markings (not Lite version) You can create pedal on and off markings from the Create>Symbol submenu. If a note or rest is not already selected, you must now click on a note or rest to place it. This marking can be repositioned by clicking it and dragging with the mouse, and can be edited by double- or rightclicking over it. Pitch You can correct pitches by dragging notes up and down, or by typing the up/down arrow keys. We recommend using the arrow keys where possible, as the mouse can be more difficult to accurately position notes with. If a chord has a notehead missing, select the chord and double-click where you want to add it. Alternatively select another notehead in the same chord and copy it with z-click or Alt-click to where you want to add it. Note that you cant alter the vertical position of rests, but this is a fairly rare requirement anyway. You can always adjust their position later on in another music program if necessary. Repeat endings (not Lite version) You can create repeat endings using the Create>Line>Repeat Ending menu item. If a note or rest is not already selected, you must 38

now click on a note or rest to place it. A dialog box then appears, and you should type the repeat ending number and click OK. To edit the repeat ending number, double- or right-click over it so that the same dialog box as used when creating a repeat ending appears. Enter the number and click OK. Click and drag at the left-hand side of a repeat ending marking to move it to a different bar. To edit the number of bars it covers move the cursor just to the right of its left-hand side so that the cursor becomes a horizontal line with arrows at each end and then click and drag left or right. Slurs / hairpins (not Lite version) / ties Make slurs using the Line submenu found in the Create menu. After selecting the position of the slur, if a note is not already selected, you must click on a note to place it. Selecting multiple notes in a passage before creating a slur causes a slur to be created for the length of the selection. The start and end position of a slur can be adjusted by clicking near the ends of the slur and dragging with the mouse. The curvature can be adjusted by clicking and dragging near the centre of the slur. Make hairpins using the Line submenu found in the Create menu. After selecting the direction of the hairpin, if a note is not already selected, you must click on a note to place it. The start and end position of a hairpin can be adjusted by clicking near the ends of the hairpin and dragging with the mouse. When a hairpin is selected (and Attachment is ticked in the View menu), a dotted line is drawn between the hairpin and the note it is attached to. PhotoScore automatically reattaches hairpins to the closest notes when they are added, dragged or when a note is deleted. Add/remove ties by selecting the appropriate start note and using the keypad. The curvature can be adjusted by clicking and dragging near the centre of the tie. Text (not Lite version) You can create text from the Create menu. The top half of the Text submenu contains text types that can be attached to notes or rests (staff text). The bottom half contains types that can be attached directly to the page (page text). Select the text type to be placed. If a note or rest is 39

not already selected, you must now click on a note or rest to place it. A dialog box then appears, and you should type the text and click OK. To edit existing text, double- or right-click over it so that a dialog box appears. The top part of it allows you to change the style of the text (between say, Lyrics and Expression for text attached to notes, or Title and Composer for text not attached). The middle part allows you to edit the text itself, and the bottom part shows you what effect this text will have on saved MIDI files and playback. When text attached to notes or rests is selected (and Attachment is ticked in the View menu), a dotted line is drawn between the text and the note it is attached to. PhotoScore automatically reattaches text to the nearest note when it is added, dragged or when a note is deleted. More details on text reading can be found in Advanced features. Triplets and tuplets (not Lite version) Before creating a tuplet, the duration of the first note to be included needs to be set equal to the unit length of the tuplet. For example, the unit length of a triplet lasting the duration of a half-note (minim) is one quarter-note (crotchet) and the unit length of a duplet lasting a dotted quarter-note is one eighth-note (quaver). If you wish the duration of the first note to be different from the unit length, you must change its length after the tuplet has been created. To create the tuplet, either 1) Click on the first note to be in the tuplet and type Xn or Ctrl+n where n is the number displayed over the notes, or 2) Choose Tuplet from the Create menu. You can then either enter a single number, or a ratio in the form n:p, where n notes are played in the time of p. You can also choose whether a bracket should be displayed, plus adjust the brackets on all tuplets in a score and in future scores. In the output window, if the tuplet ratio is not 'standard', the ratio will be written instead of a solitary number. It is also possible to click and drag tuplets to alter their vertical position.

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(Ultimate version only)

READING HANDWRITTEN MUSIC

PhotoScore Ultimate is the worlds first handwritten music scanning program and is a breakthrough in the field of computer recognition. It is currently optimized to read freshly written music (rather than old archives) and allows musicians to compose music away from their computer, say relaxing in a field a long way from civilization! Once the music is composed using pen and paper (or digital pen and paper read below), it can be scanned into PhotoScore Ultimate which will convert it into a printed music format. It should be remembered that recognition of handwritten music is an incredibly difficult thing for a computer to do, and as yet there is not even a system available that can read cursive handwritten text from a scanned image with any accuracy, so this is an important and remarkable technological breakthrough. Important: Ensure Read as Handwritten Music is selected in the pages pane (see chapter 2. READING) or PhotoScore preferences (see chapter ADVANCED FEATURES) before attempting to read handwritten music. Capabilities Currently PhotoScore is capable of reading the following handwritten musical symbols: Notes & chords (including stem direction, beams & flags) Rests, augmentation dots (single and double) Sharps, flats, and naturals Key signatures Slurs and ties Barlines, 5-line staves, systems of staves

The format of the page, including the page size, staff size, margins, and where systems end Clefs and time signatures are not read but calculated from the music and automatically added by PhotoScore. Space should therefore be left at the beginning of each staff to allow for their addition. Systems of staves can be read so long as the linking barline at the beginning of each line of 41

music is drawn. PhotoScore is not optimized to read multiple voices per staff, however two voices can often be recognized provided the notes are positioned several semitones apart with stems in opposite directions. Tuplets/triplets are not read but may be calculated from the music and automatically added by PhotoScore. They can also be manually added after the score has been read (see chapter 3. EDITING). For the best accuracy, symbols that PhotoScore cannot read should be added after reading. Any mistakes you make when you write your score may be recognized as musical symbols and can be corrected afterwards. Scanning Best results are obtained from a clear, well-contrasted, 8-bit grayscale scan. If you find that a page, once scanned into PhotoScore, appears overly black or smudgy, or that the lines are thin and broken you can try scanning in 1-bit black & white and adjusting your scanners brightness, contrast and black-to-white threshold settings manually. We recommend that you scan at a resolution of 300dpi. Once you have gained experience with PhotoScore, you may find better results at other resolutions but for most music 300dpi is ideal. PhotoScore Paper For best results, we highly recommend the use of PhotoScore Paper manuscript paper designed by Neuratron especially for the purposes of scanning handwritten music. Printable PDF files of PhotoScore Paper can be found in a folder accessible from File>Print PhotoScore Paper. There are various formats available with different sizes and numbers of staves, including 10-staff A4, 12-staff A4, 24-staff A3, 10-staff Letter, 12-staff Letter, and 24-staff Tabloid. When printing PhotoScore Paper, ensure that any page scaling settings are set to None or 100% and that any advanced printing features are disabled in the advanced settings for your printer, otherwise PhotoScore cannot detect that the special paper is being used. If PhotoScore detects correctly, the name of the page in the Pages Pane will be prefixed with [H] for Handwritten. Standard Paper If you choose to use standard paper, it should always be pre-ruled and printed with staves that are no narrower than /6mm.

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Pen and Pencil A pen or pencil of constant thickness is advised - a roller ball is ideal. Use of an italic pen, or handwritten music made to look like printed music (as is sometimes seen in orchestral parts) is currently not supported. If you use PhotoScore Paper printed with an inkjet printer, we recommend that you use a pen rather than a pencil. Digital Pen and Paper PhotoScore also supports the use of digital pens such as the Logitech io2, Maxell Penit and Nokia SU-1B which cost around the same price as a mid-range scanner. Using this technology it is possible to write music on special digital paper away from a computer. Once your written score is complete you can simply plug the pen into your computer and the music will be automatically transcribed into a printed score by PhotoScore Ultimate. Use of a digital pen will produce superior accuracy compared to use of conventional paper, pen and scanner since the written music is not interfered with by stavelines crossing beams and other markings. Additionally, since scanning is not involved it is a much faster and simpler process. Contact sales@neuratron.com or check www.neuratron.com for information about obtaining digital pens and digital manuscript paper. Writing for PhotoScore A variety of handwriting styles can be read by PhotoScore Ultimate. For example, two styles of solid notehead are supported: The most common style, similar to printed noteheads Another common style written as a diagonal line crossing the staff line or space corresponding to its pitch. PhotoScore can also read notes with slanted stems and noteheads that are slightly detached from their stems. Best results can be found by ensuring that you write reasonably clearly, neatly and with the musical symbols fairly well spaced out and easy to read. Marks such as stems should be of a single width and reasonably bold. When scanned they should not look too thin or broken. Very small or very large noteheads should be avoided. 43

PhotoScore is optimized to read an average musical hand and therefore gives better results when there are fewer stylistic quirks. As you get used to using PhotoScores handwritten music recognition, you should find that the accuracy improves. You should not feel the need to change your basic writing style but, with experience, you will learn how to get the best out of PhotoScore. If you do find that PhotoScore does not read your handwriting accurately, please email examples to us for training purposes. Here are some examples of styles that PhotoScore reads well:

Some detailed examples and guidance on how to get the best results follow. How to, and how not to write The following is a list of ideal practices when writing for PhotoScore. We dont expect you to comply doggedly with all these points they are certainly not insisted upon. Be guided by them where convenient, and refer to them if you have a specific problem. Otherwise, treat them as general advice. When writing open heads (minims or semibreves), always complete the circle. A joined up loop without any gap is easier for PhotoScore to recognize.

Good

Bad

Large spaces should not be left between parts of a symbol. You can leave small gaps between strokes if that is the way you write, but stems should not be too far from noteheads and be on the correct side. 44

Good

Bad

Leave clear gaps between whole symbols.

Good

Bad Ideally, there should be a reasonable amount of space between symbols on different staves. For example, beams on adjacent staffs that are written back-to-back with the beam lines close together can be difficult for PhotoScore to read.

Good

Bad

Avoid very long or very short stems. For example, for chords, leave a reasonable length of stem above (below) the top (bottom) head on an upwards (downwards) pointing stem.

Good

Bad

Ledger lines should be drawn long enough to protrude either side of any notehead drawn upon them and should be reasonably straight and without too much of a slant.

Good

Bad 45

 Barlines should be reasonably straight and vertical and should begin and end roughly with the staff.

Good

Bad

The central hole in accidentals such as sharps, flats, and naturals should be clear and not squashed or missing.

Good

Bad

Key signatures should be written with clear gaps between the constituent accidentals. Good Bad

Because of the risk of misidentification, marks other than those intended to be read as music by PhotoScore should not be written. For example, do not write dynamics, staccato or accents in the music. Leave them out and add them after the score has been read.

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AFTER PHOTOSCORING O I
Once you have scanned the score in, an the pages have been read and O nd edited, you can trans spose, print, playba and/or save the music for use ack in other music progr n rams. In addition yo can send the mu directly to ou usic Sibelius or G7 and ev create files suita for burning to a audio CD. ven able an ansposing Tra To transpose the sco or an individual instrument, for exam to bring it ore mple within an easier-to-play/sing range, choo Notes>Transp w ose pose. Fiirst select Whole S Score or the instrum ment you want to transpose from th top box. Then s the interval by w he set which you want to transpose by o clicking Up or Down, and then choose the main interval f e from the righthand box. In the left-hand box, Major/Perfect leaves the main interval unaltered, n , Augmented adds a half-step (semitone), Minor/Diminished subtracts A a half-step. Select Transpose k signatures if y wish the key sig key you gnatures to be tr ransposed. This us sually has the effe of reducing th number of ect he accidentals added to notes. o inting (not Lite ve version) Pri You can print one or more pages of the output by choosing Y e s File>Print. You w be presented w a standard Win will with ndows or Mac OS O X print dialog whiich you should use in the normal way. Pla aying You Y can have the PhotoScored music played back to you. Y computer Your will w need a MIDI dev (a component o most modern sou cards) and vice of und re elevant drivers insta to make use of this feature. alled Display the page wh you would like playback to comm D here e mence. To play fr rom the beginning of the page, ensure that nothing is selected by clicking on an area o the page with no notation, or by pres of ssing Escape. Then choose Play/St from the Play menu. Alternatively you can click top y Play on the toolbar. Do the same or typ Esc to stop the m P pe music. To play from a partic cular position on the page, select notat in each of e tion th staves you want playback from. Pho he otoScore will comm mence from the st of the bar with the earliest selectio tart on. 47

While the music is playing, the currently played bars will be highlighted in dark gray. PhotoScore will display consecutive pages as it plays through them. Depending on the Espressivo, Swing and Reverb settings under the Play menu, the playback will vary slightly (not Lite version). Refer to their descriptions in Saving MIDI files later in this chapter. To give a staff a different instrument sound, change its name by doubleclicking to the left of it and choosing Rename from the dialog box. To alter the tempo or dynamics add Tempo or Expression text from the Create menu to the note on the score where you would like the effect to begin. Note: If you have more than one MIDI device the default will be used, but this can be changed from the System Preferences (Mac) or Control Panel (Windows). PhotoScore for Windows offers a shortcut Computer audio properties button in the General pane of the preferences dialog. Saving You can save your score to disk by clicking the Save button at the top of the output window to open a standard save dialog box. You will be asked what name to store the score as, and where to store it. You can also choose what file type/format to save the score in, by selecting a choice from the pop-up menu/combo box at the bottom of the dialog box. Note that some formats store less information about the scanned score than others (e.g. MIDI does not store specific slur, articulation-mark, note-stem or beam-direction information). Also note that not all music programs are able to open all the file formats listed. Once saved, you can run your favorite music program, load the PhotoScored music and use it like any other. Note that if score is closed without saving, the scanned pages within it will be placed back into the Pending Pages section of the pages pane.
Sibelius/G7 users

To send your score to Sibelius/G7, simply click the little or button next to Save at the top of the output window to launch Sibelius/G7. Within Sibelius/G7, a dialog will open asking you to choose instruments (Sibelius/G7 v3 and higher only) and the page size. After a 48

second or two, the music will pop up in another window as a Sibelius/G7 document. Once the music is in Sibelius/G7 you can do anything you like to it, just as if you had inputted it yourself. You may want to: edit it further save it transpose it extract parts re-arrange it print it out Note: Versions of Sibelius/G7 earlier than v5 cannot import all of the musical information from PhotoScore 5 files. Here is a table to summarize (details listed in successive versions are not repeated):

v1 and v2 cannot read files produced by PhotoScore 5 you should use an earlier version of PhotoScore. v3.0 to v3.x will not read percussion staves or scores containing more than 2 voices. Later versions import files more accurately. v4.0 to v4.x will not read codas, segnos, ornaments, pedal markings, repeat endings, fermatas on rests or cross-staff notes.

Saving PhotoScore (.opt) files (not MIDI Lite version) PhotoScores native file format (designed to store all scanned notation information) has the .opt Windows file extension. Currently only PhotoScore, Sibelius and G7 can read this format. It is recommended that you save longer works regularly in this format in the unlikely event of a software or power failure. You can open a PhotoScore file in PhotoScore by using the Open dialog box.
Sibelius/G7 users Scanned music files can be imported into Sibelius/G7 by opening them from the standard Open dialog box.

If you have Sibelius/G7 version 3 or 4 installed (versions 1 and 2 will not work with PhotoScore 5) you may find that it refuses to open files made from PhotoScore 5. In this case you should find an additional file type in the type/format drop-down box which allows PhotoScore files to be saved in an older format that these versions of Sibelius/G7 can open.

49

Saving MusicXML & NIFF files (not Lite version) Save MusicXML and NIFF files if you want to open PhotoScores output in a notation product other than Sibelius, for example Finale. Finale 2006 can open MusicXML files from the File menu. In Finale 2003 to 2005 use the Dolet Light plug-in to open MusicXML files. Please check www.neuratron.com/fileformats.htm for the latest information including which programs open these file formats. Saving MIDI files MIDI files were developed to store musical playback information, as opposed to printed notation, and as a result have a few limitations when it comes to storing scanned music. However, they are still very useful since virtually every music-editing product can read this type of file. Please observe the following when saving MIDI files: There is an Optimize for playback option in the save dialog box. If the MIDI file is to be imported into a music notation program, then this should be turned off to improve accuracy. Otherwise it should be left on, as it improves the realism of playback. Note-stem and beam-direction, end-of-stave & page positioning, staff size, and multiple-voice-per-staff separation cannot be stored. If a file is to end up in a separate music program, then the final results are dependent on how that program interprets the music. Musical features such as slurs, clef changes, rests, articulation marks, dotted notes, tuplets, dynamics, expression markings and ties also cannot be stored as objects in a MIDI file. However, if they are present PhotoScore will emulate them for playback. To clarify: If the MIDI file is played back from a MIDI editing/playback program, the features should be heard, but the features will not necessarily be present if opened and displayed in a music notation program. Although features such as time signatures, key signatures, and text (like lyrics and title, but not dynamics as these are used to emulate changes in playback volume) are saved in a MIDI file, not all music programs will necessarily use or display them. You may find there is an option in your music program to ignore or make use of such information. Instruments allocated to each staff are stored according to the General MIDI standard. To give a staff a different instrument sound, 50

change its name by double-clicking to the left of it and choosing

Rename from the dialog box. PhotoScore intelligently chooses

the correct MIDI instrument.

Due to MIDI file constraints, only the first 15 pitched non-percussion instruments in the score can be saved. However all non-pitched percussion instruments are saved (the MIDI standard limits the number of available tracks to 16 with track 10 reserved as the percussion track). The default tempo is 100 Quarters/Minute, but can be altered by adding Tempo style text to a note where you would like the change to begin. (not Lite version) The file will be saved with expression for more human playback, dependant on the current selection from the Espressivo menu (under the Play menu). There are five different degrees of expression for different styles of music: Meccanico ('mechanical') plays the score absolutely literally, with no dynamics or articulations except where marked. Senza espress. ('without expression') adds only tiny fluctuations of volume and slight accents at the start of bars and note-groups, with no overall dynamic changes. Poco espress. ('slight expression') has slight dynamics following the contour of the music. Suitable for a fast, fairly mechanical style (such as Baroque music). Espressivo is the default option, with more dynamics added. Molto espress. ('lots of expression') produces lots of expression, which can be over the top for some kinds of music. It works well for large groups of instruments, where it helps to separate the different lines. These effects may only be noticeable when the file is played back from a MIDI editing/playback package. (not Lite version) If selected from the Play menu, the file will be saved with swing a jazz convention in which two notated eighths (quavers) are performed approximately as a triplet quarter-note plus eighth-note (triplet crotchet plus quaver). The various swing options are: None i.e. no swing. 51

Light / Standard / Heavy for a small amount to almost triplets. Notes Ingales triplet quarter-note plus eighth-note (crotchet

plus quaver), used in some early music. Dotted Eighths (quavers) rarely used. (not Lite version) If selected from the Play menu, reverb (similar effect to the echo you hear in a room) is added to playback. This can be set to various presets between Dead and Cathedral, or a percentage can be entered. Note that this feature will only work on devices that respond to and recognize standard general MIDI reverb messages. (not Lite version) PhotoScore also plays back appoggiaturas, or grace notes. As these do not fit the regular timing of a bar, they are played for around half the duration indicated, and the timing is taken from the following note. If you hear strange effects or notes hanging on, try shortening the notes to a quaver or less. If they are played back with a normal notes duration they are probably cue notes; you can easily change them to appoggiaturas using the keypad see chapter 3. EDITING. Saving Wave & AIFF files (not Lite version) Windows users This feature requires Windows 98 or later and a full-duplex soundcard most modern soundcards are adequate. DirectX 8.1 or later must also be installed the latest version should be available from Microsofts web site. Save AIFF (Mac) or Wave (Windows) files if you want to burn your music to audio CD or convert it to MP3 format (e.g. for playback on a portable digital music player). Wave and AIFF files (with the file extensions .wav and .aif) store music in a similar way to CDs and as such retain no information regarding musical structure. The advantage gained is that these files sound the same (allowing for speaker differences etc) no matter what software or hardware they are played back from. The quality of the output depends on the quality of your MIDI device - PhotoScore effectively plays back your scanned music as MIDI and records it at the same time (although you cannot hear the music). Saving a Wave or AIFF file typically takes about the same amount of time as playing back the entire score from PhotoScore. 52

Burning to audio CD (not Lite version) Macintosh users It is possible to burn audio CDs using iTunes, available from Apple. The following instructions should work if using version 4: Click File>New Playlist and type a suitable name for your CD. Ensure the name you typed is highlighted on the left side of the iTunes window by clicking on it if necessary. Click and drag your saved AIFF files from Finder onto the right-hand side of the window. Insert a blank CD-R or CD-RW in your recordable CD drive. Click Burn Disc and wait while your CD is created.

Windows users

It is possible to burn audio CDs using Windows Media Player, available from Microsoft. The following instructions should work if using version 10: Click File>CDs and Devices>Burn Audio CD. (The menu bar may not be displayed, in which case click the down pointing arrow icon at the right of the title bar to display the menu). Click and drag your saved Wave files from Explorer onto the Burn List on the left-hand side of the window. Insert a blank CD-R or CD-RW in your recordable CD drive. Click Start Burn and wait while your CD is created.

Converting to MP3 (not Lite version) Macintosh users It is possible to convert AIFF files to MP3 format using iTunes, available from Apple. The following instructions should work if using version 4: Click File>New Playlist and enter a name for the collection of files you want to convert. Ensure the name you typed is highlighted on the left side of the iTunes window by clicking on it if necessary. Click and drag your saved AIFF files from Finder onto the right-hand side of the window. 53

Select the files you wish to convert and then click Advanced>Convert Selection to MP3. Select one of the songs you have converted and click File>Show Song File to display it in the Finder. From here you should be able to copy and use the file as you need.

Windows users

Unless you already own third party software for encoding MP3 files, we recommend the use of LAME, a free open source MP3 encoder from www.mp3-tech.org. Please note that Neuratron Ltd accepts no responsibility for the use of this software or for any consequences that may arise from the use of it.

Saving files containing rhythmic mistakes If you save a file containing bars that dont add up, bars that are too short will be lengthened, and those that are too long will be shortened. To do this, the lengths of the bars are compared with the prevailing time signature. If a bar is too short, rests are simply inserted at the end. If a bar is too long, it is shortened by omitting one or more notes/rests at the end of the bar. Although the lengths of the bars are adjusted like this, you are strongly advised to correct faulty rhythms in PhotoScore in the first place rather than trying to fix them in another music program afterwards, as it will save you extra work. Saving page and system format Sibelius/G7 users Sibelius/G7 uses Make Into System and Make Into Page (Layout>Format submenu) to ensure that the format of the music is the same as the original. However, if the notes seem uncomfortably close together or far apart in the end result, try changing the staff size in the Layout>Document Setup dialog box. Alternatively, if you dont need the format of the music to match the original, select the whole score (XA or Ctrl+A) and unlock the format (xXU or Ctrl+Shift+U).

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Saving multi-staff instruments Sibelius/G7 users PhotoScore treats all staves as separate instruments. This means that multi-staff instruments such as keyboards will be sent to Sibelius/G7 as two separately-named staves without a brace. For many purposes you dont need names to appear anyway, so you may just want to alter the House Style setting of the score to switch them off. Alternatively, if you want to brace two keyboard staves together and give them a single name, the easiest way to do it is to create another keyboard in Sibelius/G7 (e.g. Piano), copy the music from the un-braced keyboard onto the new braced one (using two staff passages), then delete the un-braced keyboard. The same procedure applies for multi-staff instruments such as Flutes 1+2, if you want them to be written as two sub-bracketed staves with a single name. If your original contains instruments that have a different number of staves on different systems - e.g. strings that are sometimes divisi - then see Advanced features. Saving Bitmap (.bmp) and TIFF files You may wish to save your original scanned page from PhotoScore, for example to print copies, or to email to another person for proof reading alongside the PhotoScored output: If the pages pane is not currently visible, select View>Toggle Pages Pane. Move the mouse over the page name in the pages pane that you wish to save so that you see a thumbnail of the page. Click on the thumbnail or double-click on the page name to display the original page in a window to the right. Click File>Save As and enter the filename and path you wish to save to and also choose whether to save as a TIFF or Windows bitmap (Windows only) file from the Files of type drop-down menu. The file saved will be 2 color black & white and be identical to the image you see on screen, minus stave markings and at 100% zoom. Please note that if you attempt to reopen this file in PhotoScore, it may complain 55

about it only being in two colors do not worry about this as PhotoScore has already processed the file to make it more suitable for reading music from.

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CLEANING UP
Sibelius/G7 users Once youve finished PhotoScoring a piece of music and have sent it to Sibelius/G7, you end up with a Sibelius/G7 file, which you should save in the normal way.

After you have edited and saved the output score it can be closed so that you are able to start working on a new score. Note that it is only possible to have one score open at a time in PhotoScore. Closing the output score To close the output score, close the output window in the standard way using File>Close score or by clicking the small cross button at the top right. If you forget to delete the output score before scanning the next piece of music, the new pages you scan and read will be appended to the end of the previous output score. However, you can delete the old pages individually from the output score by selecting Edit>Delete Page from the menu for each one. Deleting unwanted scans PhotoScore automatically saves each page you scan. This occupies a not insignificant amount of hard disk space, so you should regularly delete scans that have been read. You do not, however, have to delete the scans before scanning the next piece of music. To delete unwanted scans: If the pages pane is not currently visible, select View>Toggle Pages Pane. Select the pages you wish to delete by clicking on the first and then select further ones by holding down X or Ctrl (to add individual pages) or Shift (to add a series of pages) whilst clicking. Click Remove on one of the selected pages. PhotoScore will then ask you to confirm that you want to remove the pages before going ahead.

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POSSIBLE PROBLEMS S
anning takes a long time or wont work Sca If there are no sig of scanning hap igns ppening - I.e. if after clicking on r the Scan or Pre eview button the scanner remains silen with no nt lights moving or flashing - communic cation between the computer and the scanner has probably been interrupted. Check that the scanner is switched on and that the cab between it ble and the compute is firmly connecte at both ends. If t doesnt er ed this help, try reinstallling your TWAIN or WIA scanner driver software. me to Windows users should note that som scanners need t be switched on befo the computer is turned on, otherwis they are ore se not detected. If PhotoScore cra rashes when trying t scan, or the scann page to nned doesnt look righ - Try getting the la ht atest version of the scanner driver software from yo dealer. Alternat our tively, select the TW WAIN scanning interfac from the File>Scanner Setup d ce dialog box, and try again. No all staves/systems are detected ot y t If after scanning a pa you find that no all staves are boldly highlighted age ot in blue, the incorrect number of stave lines is shown, or t staves are n t the not correctly joined iinto systems by a thick red vertical line, this may be because: The original was not flat on the scan glass: Always c s nner close the lid when scanning, unless scanning a thick book. It may also help if you tly press down gent on the scanner lid during scanning. The page was sc canned at too low or too high a resolution (i.e. the staves are smaller than you think): C Check the staff size, alter the accordingly, and re-scan. scanner setting a You tried scannin a double-page sp ing pread: PhotoScore c cannot read both pages of a d double-page spread (e.g. from a miniature score) at d once. Re-scan e each of the pages se eparately. Ensure th the music hat on the facing pag is completely off the glass, or adjust the scanned ge t region so that it is not scanned - if a of it impinges on the scan, any n PhotoScore may not read the music correctly. c 58

 The staves are not clear enough in the original to be detected: In this case, you can tell PhotoScore where any missing staves are located on the page - see the Advanced features section. Alternatively, you can go ahead and read the page, but music on any undetected staves will be ignored. Reading takes a long time If you have text reading switched on, reading will take longer. It may sometimes be faster to read the music without detecting text, and to re-input it in a separate music program. Interrupt reading if necessary (see below), switch the text reading option off, and then read again. If the page was scanned without being flat on the glass or with the lid open, you will get a black border around the page that may spread across and obliterate some of the music. This can occasionally make PhotoScore take an extremely long time to read the page. If this happens, interrupt reading (see below), and then re-scan the page. If not all staves were detected after scanning (i.e. some were not boldly highlighted in blue), this can slow reading down. See Not all staves are detected. Music reads inaccurately If you find music seems to be reading very inaccurately, this may be because: the original is printed and Read as Handwritten music is checked in the pages pane. the original is handwritten and Read as Printed music is checked in the pages pane. the original is of poor quality, e.g. a photocopy or an old edition; the music was scanned in black & white and was not straight enough: It is recommended that you scan in shades of gray, unless this causes the scan to end up looking too blocky or disjointed; the music was scanned at too low (less than 200dpi) or too high a resolution (more than 400dpi). Try increasing or decreasing the resolution the page is scanned at; the scanned page is too dark or light (when viewed at 100% many symbols are blocky and joined to others, or note stems and staff lines 59

are disjointed). Try scanning using the TWAIN interface (select from
File>Scanner Setup) and manually adjusting the brightness;

the original was not straight enough when scanned and Make scans level was not selected in the PhotoScore Preferences dialog box; the music symbol designs used in the original are of a non-standard shape or size. If PhotoScore repeatedly fails to read one page from a sequence of pages, omit the page and insert the bars into the score manually using a separate music program. Handwriting recognition problems If you are finding that PhotoScore fails altogether, or almost completely, even on very simple clear handwritten music, check the following for basic problems: Scanning resolution: Is your scanner set to scan at 300dpi? This resolution is recommended for handwritten music. By all means experiment with other resolutions to improve results that are already good, but 300dpi is usually best. Image type: Make sure that your scanner is set to produce a grayscale image. This is the type that PhotoScore prefers. Image quality: Check that your scan is a good, clean image with everything clear and crisp and without any blotches. Also check that there arent any variations in the tone or any areas of the image that are missing. Manuscript paper and pen: It is highly recommended you write on the special PhotoScore Paper designed by Neuratron. You can print this out for yourself (preferably using a laser printer) using PDF files available from File>Print PhotoScore Paper. Ensure it is printed at 100% with no scaling. If for some reason you are unable to do this, please ensure that you are using pre-ruled and printed manuscript paper with staves at least /6mm tall. Also ensure that you are using a pen or pencil that draws lines of constant thickness. For example, a pen with an italic nib is not suitable. The ideal type of line is one that can be produced by pressing firmly with an ordinary biro. The line should neither be thin and spindly nor smudgy. 60

 If the accuracy is still poor: Sometimes the problem can be more subtle and take a little longer to diagnose. You will need to write fairly neatly for PhotoScore but you should not need to be an expert musical calligrapher! If you have written your score as neatly as you comfortably can and are still having trouble, the chances are that it is not neatness that is the problem. It is much more likely to be some detail of the style of your writing or of the scan which is confusing PhotoScore. Sometimes something quite simple can make the difference between a good and a bad result. A little experimentation can often isolate the problem. If recognition is poor overall then you should look for some aspect of the score which affects most of the symbols. If one particular type of symbol is the problem then look for some feature common to all such symbols that affects accuracy and try to adjust your style accordingly. Here are a few things you can try: Alter some detail of your notes: if the heads are attached to the stems try them unattached. If unattached, try them attached. Try changing the way you draw noteheads (see the examples in the chapter READING HANDWRITTEN MUSIC). Sometimes PhotoScore can be confused by over-elaborate flags. All that PhotoScore needs is a line sprouting from the stem with a reasonably clean join. It should not be a problem but it is not necessary to have tails curl round. If you still find that PhotoScore does not read your handwriting accurately, please email examples to Neuratron for training purposes. Warning messages Most of PhotoScores messages are self-explanatory: for instance, it will warn you if you scan at an unsuitable resolution, or if your hard disk has run out of space, and it will normally tell you what to do next. If all else fails... Please read the Frequently Asked Questions and technical support sheets included with PhotoScore. If you cannot find them, please contact your PhotoScore supplier.

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ADVANCED FEATURES D
o c PhotoScore has many features and options for more advanced use. You Y are strongly rec commended to fam miliarize yourself with this whole se ection before em mbarking on any intensive scannin such as ng, orchestral/band scores or scores with m pages. many hoosing betwee scanners en Ch In the event that yo have more than one scanner conn n ou nected to your computer, you can c choose between mu ultiple scanner drive in Scanner ers Setup from Photo S oScores File menu. Sca anning only on page ne If you only need to scan one page into PhotoScore, clic Scan One ck Page from Photo P oScores File menu This will perform the scanning u. operation as usual, w the exception that PhotoScore w not prompt with will fo a new page at the end of the scan. or e Ad djusting detect ted staves/systems s Note: The following iis not possible if you inputted handwrit music into N u tten PhotoScore using a d digital pen such as the Logitech io2, M Maxell Penit or Nokia SU-1B. N When you scan a page, PhotoScore high W hlights staves it det tects with bold blue lines (thin blue llines if it is uncertain about the exact n number of lines or position), and joins them into syste ems with bold vert tical red lines. However, if the orig H ginal is of poor qua some of the st ality taves/systems may m not be detecte and you should tell PhotoScore wh ed here they are, ot therwise the music will not be read cor rrectly. The easiest method of telling PhotoScore the positio of a staff d on which it has miss w sed, is to select th nearest similar blue staff (by he clicking on it) and then to copy it by z zclicking or Alt-cliicking over the center line of the mis ssing staff (the horiz zontal position is not important). t Alternatively, you can create a blue st from scratch b clicking and A n taff by dragging it out with t (left) mouse but the tton. s clip ce PhotoScore attempts to automatically c the staff in plac as you drag, by adjusting the position and size of it. It also recalculates the number of y st tave lines present, unless X or Ctrl is held down. The text Aligned e 62

will appear in green under the staff and the lines will embolden when PhotoScore is confident about its position. To tell PhotoScore that a staff contains a different number of lines, select it and key the correct number between 1 and 6. If a highlighted staff is badly positioned, or it is not long enough, the text May Require Manual Adjustment may be displayed beneath it and you should use the following guidelines to aid PhotoScore: You can drag any staff up and down with the (left) mouse button. You can drag the ends of staves around, and even put them at an angle. You can alter the height of any staff - pull the bottom rectangular handle in the middle of the staff up or down. PhotoScore can read pages that have a mixture of staff sizes, and each staff can have a different size. The top circular handle allows you to change the curvature of the staff. This is useful when scanning pages from thick books, where it is not possible to prevent the page from being curved at the edges. PhotoScore may not allow you to do this if it is already very confident about the position of the staff. It is important that staves are joined into systems properly, as this cannot be corrected after reading. If staves are not joined into systems correctly use these guidelines: To join two adjacent staves together into the same system, click on one staff so it becomes selected, then z-click or Alt-click the other staff. They will be joined near the left-hand end by a thick vertical (or near-vertical) red line. To separate two joined staves into two separate systems, do exactly the same as for joining two staves. PhotoScore automatically guesses whether staves should be joined together or not when new ones are created, or existing ones are repositioned. Also check that the stave is marked with the correct number of stave lines. PhotoScore reads 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 line staves (5 and 6 line staves only in Lite version), and automatically recognizes the type of staves present (e.g. normal, guitar TAB or percussion). However, very 63

occasionally it will detect the wrong number of lines and you should try dragging the staff around slightly until PhotoScore recognizes correctly. If any scanned staff is left with no blue staff on top of it, the scanned staff and any music on it will be ignored when the page is read. This can slow reading down but is otherwise harmless. If youve messed up editing the staves you can undo an action by pressing XZ or Ctrl+Z. You can reverse an undo (called redo) by pressing XY or Ctrl+Y. If you want to start again, X-double-click or Ctrl+double-click the scan, and PhotoScore will reset the blue highlighted staves to their original positions. Scan window options There are various further options and buttons available on the scan window: Clicking the Read this page button reads just the displayed scan. Clicking the arrowed part of the button opens a menu that lets you choose where in the output score to insert this page once it has been read. The page is moved to the top of the pending pages list in the pages pane whilst reading, to ensure it is the next page to be read. This also temporarily cancels any other reading taking place. The Arrow buttons display the previous or next page in the list of scanned pages. The magnifying glass icon zooms the page to fit the window; 50 zooms to 50%; 100 zooms to 100%. See the View menu for other ways to zoom. Upside-down quickly rotates the page by 180 degrees, in case it was scanned the wrong way up. On side quickly rotates the page by 90 degrees anti-clockwise, in case it was scanned on its side. Re-scan allows the page to be re-scanned. Omitted staves In scores for many instruments, particularly orchestral scores, unused staves are often omitted. If you need to correct the recognized instrument names at the start of the score, on subsequent systems PhotoScore will allocate instruments to staves in order from the top down. Hence, if a page 64

omits an instrument from one system, then in the output window some of the staves may have the wrong names. In this situation, first ensure you have already correctly named all the instruments used anywhere in the score so they are easily identifiable: Double-click on the area to the left of any staff and then go through the list of instruments in the dialog box that appears, renaming any if necessary by selecting it and clicking Rename. Then go through each incorrectly allocated staff in the output window (from top to bottom), right-clicking over the existing instrument name to the left of the staff in question and choosing the correct instrument from the menu that appears. If you are unable to select a particular instrument, it is probably because the ordering of the instruments is not correct, and should be changed by following the instructions in Instruments/staves introduced after the start (below). On any system that has staves omitted you will probably have to correct several instrument names like this. Do it with care otherwise confusion may arise. Multi-staff instruments For multi-staff instruments such as keyboards and divided wind and strings, PhotoScore treats each staff as a separately named instrument. Wherever any of the instruments staves are omitted, follow Omitted staves (above). N.B. If the number of staves for the instrument increases (say from 1 to 2) during the score, and the second staff has not occurred before, treat it by following Instruments/staves introduced after the start (below). Instruments/staves introduced after the start Some scores include instruments or staves that are not shown on the first system. When this happens you should do the following: First, ensure PhotoScore knows about the existence of all staves for all instruments (PhotoScore treats staves for multi-staff instruments separately): Double-click over the area to the left of any staff so that a dialog box appears. Then ensure the name of each instrument is correct if it needs changing select it and click Rename. If there are not 65

enough instruments listed, click New... to add new ones. Ensure they are listed in the order they would appear if they were all written in one system: To reorder one, select it and use the yellow up and down arrows to the left of the list (these work in the same way as those in the Scanned pages dialog box see above). It is possible to remove from the list any instruments that have not been allocated by clicking Delete. Click Close when you have finished. Then go through each staff in the output window (from top to bottom), right-clicking to the left of it and choosing the appropriate instrument name from the menu. If you are unable to select a particular instrument, it is probably because the ordering of the instruments is not correct, and should be changed by following the instructions in the previous paragraph. You must do this with care otherwise a lot of confusion can arise. Reading slurs / hairpins (not Lite version) / ties To toggle slur/tie/hairpin reading, open PhotoScores preferences dialog box and click on Reading. Click Ties, Slurs and Hairpins to select/deselect it and then click OK. If Display these options before reading is selected in the preferences, you will be given the opportunity to update the reading preferences at the start of each read. Reading appoggiaturas and cue notes (not Lite version) Appoggiatura (also known as grace note) and cue note recognition can be switched on/off from the PhotoScore Preferences dialog box, as for slurs / hairpins / ties see above. If you find PhotoScore has recognized a cue note as an appoggiatura (or vice versa), you can correct this from the keypad see chapter 3. EDITING. You can normally check for these mistakes by looking for bars containing rhythmic errors (marked with horizontal red dashed lines above and below). Reminder: An appoggiaturas duration is not included in the rhythm of a bar, whereas a cue notes duration is. Both look similar, written as smaller sized notes, but you can tell the difference from the keypad. Reading text (not Lite version) Text reading can be switched on/off from the PhotoScore Preferences dialog box, as for the above options. 66

In addition, the Advanced button lets you choose which text types PhotoScore will attempt to read, and also which language is to be read. The language selected alters the way PhotoScore reads text in the following ways: Instrument names are expected to be in that language, and will be recognized more accurately if they are. Extra language-dependant characters are more likely to be recognized (such as , , etc.) PhotoScore looks for language-specific features of words, to improve accuracy. More languages are available for download from the Internet by clicking More online. 300dpi is the optimum resolution for text recognition.
Sibelius/G7 users When reading text, PhotoScore automatically guesses its type (e.g. title, lyrics, technique). When the music is sent to Sibelius/G7 each text object is set to the default font and size for its type.

Performance mode Performance mode can be selected from the output windows toolbar, the View>Performance Mode menu item, or by typing XM or Ctrl+M. In performance mode the output score is displayed full screen and formatted so that it is easily read from a small distance. Pages are split in sensible positions where necessary and using the cursor keys allows you to turn to different pages or sections of pages. You can alternatively use foot controlled page turning devices like the Bili Footime Page Turner. This allows you to perform from your computers monitor and quickly and easily change page using your foot whilst you are playing. Performance mode can be switched off by clicking with the mouse or keying Escape or XM or Ctrl+M. PhotoScore preferences The PhotoScore Preferences dialog box can be opened from the toolbar or the application (Mac) or File (Windows) menu. The preferences are divided into four categories Scanning, Reading, 67

Editing and General. You can select a different category by clicking the appropriate title at the left (Mac) or top (Windows) of the dialog box. Scanning Interface See the chapter 1. Scanning for an explanation of the three scanning interfaces. Scanning Automation Make scans level: With this switched on, PhotoScore will work out the angle of a scan, and then rotate it so that the staves are level. It is recommended that this is left selected.

Read pages after scanning/opening: With this switched on, PhotoScore will automatically begin reading pages after they are scanned in or opened from files. Reading Handwritten / Printed Read as handwritten music: When selected, PhotoScore is able to read handwritten music. It is highly important that this is switched on when scanning handwritten music (Ultimate version only) and off when scanning printed music otherwise accuracy will suffer considerably. Also see the chapter Handwriting Guidelines.
Reading What to read

Ties, Slurs and Hairpins: See Reading slurs/hairpins/ties (above). Articulation marks (not Lite version) : This does not slow reading down much, so we suggest you leave this on. Appoggiaturas and cue notes (not Lite version) : Unless these smaller sized notes are often picked up incorrectly, or you wish PhotoScore to read slightly more quickly, we suggest you leave this on. Also see Reading appoggiaturas and cue notes (above). Guitar chord diagrams (not Lite version) : This does not slow reading down much, so we suggest you leave this on. Text (dynamics, lyrics etc.) (not Lite version) : See Reading text (above). Tuplets (includes advanced rhythm detection) (not Lite version): With this option switched on, tuplets/triplets are recognized/calculated. This option also makes PhotoScore attempt to correct any musical errors after reading: If a time signature is 68

missing, it tries to guess what it is. If successful, it inserts one at the start of the page; it will be colored red as a warning for you to check it. Furthermore, PhotoScore analyzes the music it has read, and attempts to correct any rhythmic mistakes using general musical rules. Although this will generally increase accuracy, if you are scanning scores with unusual timing it may be best left off. Transposing scores (not Lite version): With this option switched on, PhotoScore is able to read transposing instruments with different key signatures for each staff, otherwise they are all set to be equal. Handwritten beams with stems in both directions: With this option switched on and Read as handwritten music selected, PhotoScore is able to read beams containing stems both going up and down. Editing - Formatting Automatic page margins: This ensures that a sensible margin is always present around each page of the score, so that it looks attractive when printed out. Editing Output window Attach scanned staff panel to current staff: In the output window, this puts the original scanned staff panel just above the highlighted staff instead of at the top of the window. This means you have to move your eyes less when comparing the output with the original, but the effect can be confusing. We recommend you leave this option off until you are used to editing music in PhotoScore. Drag paper by: This can either be set to Dragging or Holding Command/Shift and Dragging. If the former is selected, then dragging music around the screen is done with only the mouse, and selecting an area of music is done by dragging with the mouse but with the X (Command) or Shift key held down. If the latter option is selected then these operations are reversed. Advanced MIDI playback device (not Mac Version) You can select the MIDI playback device PhotoScore uses for playing back from the drop down box. System playback properties (not Mac version): Clicking here opens your computers audio properties dialog box so that you can change playback settings etc. 69

Advanced Display

Skin design: Choose either a Sibelius or G7 style skin and color scheme for PhotoScore. Keypad layout: Choose either the standard Sibelius/ G7 keypad layout, or PhotoScores flat version offering all buttons at once. Display splash screen at startup: When switched on, the PhotoScore splash screen is displayed at program startup. Advanced Backup file Here it is possible to specify the time interval at which PhotoScore saves your current score to a special backup file. In the unlikely event that your computer crashes, PhotoScore will offer you the possibility of opening this file the next time it is opened, so as to limit any loss of work. If you change any of these options and click OK, they will remain in the new settings until you change them again. Clicking Cancel returns them to their original settings when the dialog box was opened.

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KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS D U
XA o Ctrl+A or Select all objects c Copy object to clipboard XC o Ctrl+C or Cut object to cllipboard XX o Ctrl+X or XV o Ctrl+V or Paste object from clipboard o XZ o Ctrl+Z or Undo last editing action n Redo last undone editing action XY o Ctrl+Y or Tab Select next object Shift Select previous object t+Tab s Cursor left/right Select previous/next object s r e Xor Ctrl+cursor left/right Select first object in previous/next bar Shift t+cursor left/right Extend selection to previous/next object o e Xor Ctrl+Shift+cursor left/right Extend selection to previous/next barline r e e Delete or Backspace Delete selected object(s) d Xkeypad+ or Ctrl+keypad+ e Zoom in to display Xkeypad- or Ctrl+keypad- Zoom out of display y s Windows) Display clef menu e Q (W K (W Windows) Display key signature menu n L (W Windows) Display line menu Display time sig T (W Windows) gnature dialog box Alt+B (Windows) Display multi-rest dialog box e H (W Windows) Create crescendo Shift t+H (Windows) Create diminuendo e S (W Windows) Create slur (above staff) o Shift t+S (Windows) Create slur (bellow staff) Ctrl+ +Alt+T (Windows) Create tempo text Create lyrics text XL o Ctrl+L or Create bar rest XB o Ctrl+B or Shift t+K (Windows) Create chord diiagram XK o Ctrl+K or Create chord symbol y X2to 9 or Ctrl+2to 9 Create tuplet of typed number f 2 to 9 Normal staff: Higher interval to add to note o Shift to 9 t+2 Normal staff: Lower interval to add to note o o 0 to 9 Tablature staff: Fret number of selected note f: t X Flip selected notes stem o Normal staff: Move note up/down Cursor up/down Tablature staff: Select note above/bellow in chord f: Select note above/below in chord o Alt+cursor up/down Windows) Play/stop score e P (W

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GLOSSARY Y
Bitm (.bmp) map TIFF (.tif) file formats saved by PhotoSc core Ultimate and o other scanning programs that conta basic scanned image information. These files do ain not contain any mus sical information as such, only the grid of black and d white dots that make up the image. w e solution. The more dpi you scan e dpi dots per inch - the unit of scanning res t, solution is, and the m detailed the re more esulting scan. at the higher the res 200dpi to 400dpi is a normal range of resolutions for sc f canning music; uch ften higher resolutions su as 600dpi are of used for scanniing photos and graphics. grayscale shades of gray. y r MIDI a standard specifically designed for t communication and storage of the th data that a mus sequencer records and plays. Also a file format he sic o (.mid) saved by PhotoScore that can be opened by most mu programs. usic MusicXML (.xml) NIFF (.nif) file formats saved by PhotoSco Ultimate which c be opened F ore can by various notation p y programs. See www w.neuratron.com/file eformats.htm. Scan nned music (SCM MS/.opt) the speciial music file forma designed by at Neuratron to store P N PhotoScored music pages, and to make it easier to tr ransfer such music t music notation pr to rograms such as Sib belius. OCR optical character re ecognition; usually applied to scanning text, but also g to music. o original the page or sco you are scanning from. ore output music which has been read from scans. read to work out what all the notes and other symbols in the scan are. a a resolution the level of detail at which a page is scanned; measured in dpi. n ced as In scan the image produc when a page ha been scanned. I PhotoScore, sc are always displayed with a buff b cans background. scan nner driver the pro ogram which tells th computer what ty of scanner he ype yo have; analogous to a printer driver. They generally conform to one of ou tw standards TWAIN or WIA (Windows only). wo

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SCSI (pronounced scuzzy) a standard for connecting scanners, hard disk drives and other devices to computers. Requires a SCSI card and SCSI cable (which are analogous to a MIDI card and MIDI cable). TWAIN a translator between scanners and scanning software. USB a standard for connecting scanners, mice, web-cams and other devices to computers. Requires a USB port and USB cable (which are analogous to a MIDI card and MIDI cable). Wave (.wav) AIFF (.aif) file formats saved by PhotoScore Ultimate which can be opened by various audio programs and which can easily be converted to MP3 or burned to audio CD. WIA a Windows-only translator between scanners and scanning software.

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LICENSE AGREEMENT
This license states the terms and conditions upon which the Software is licensed to you. By using or attempting to use the Softwares installation CD or by returning the registration card or registering the Software with The Developer by any other means, you are agreeing to become bound by the terms of this License. If you do not agree to these terms, return the entire contents of the software package intact and unused to your supplier. 1. Definitions The Developer means Neuratron Limited. The Software means Neuratron PhotoScore Ultimate or Neuratron PhotoScore MIDI, whichever product this license was included with. The Documentation means the Neuratron PhotoScore Ultimate or Neuratron PhotoScore MIDI user guide. 2. License The Developer grants you a personal non-transferable non-exclusive license, as follows: (a) You may install and use a single copy of the Software on one stand-alone computer system, and will ensure that the Software is not installed or used on more than one stand-alone computer system at a time. (b) You will not copy or attempt to copy the Softwares installation CD in whole or in part. You will be deemed personally responsible for any illegal copies of the Software, or files created by it, which bear your Softwares product id number or are otherwise traceable to your copy of the Software. (c) You may install a single copy of the Software on another stand-alone computer system if and only if you first delete the Software from the computer on which it was previously installed. (d) You will not decompile or otherwise attempt to reveal the source code or operation of the Software. (e) You will not modify, adapt, rent, lease, loan, resell, distribute or create derivative works based on the Software or any part thereof unless expressly permitted above or in the Documentation. (f) You will not copy the Documentation in whole or in part or store it in a retrieval system in any form, photocopying, recording, electronic or otherwise. 3. Term This License is effective until you terminate it: (a) by destroying your copy of the Software and Documentation, or (b) by failing to comply with the conditions of this License. 4. Limited Warranty and Disclaimer (a) The Developer warrants that the CD on which the Software is supplied is free from physical defects in materials and workmanship. The Developer will replace a defective CD if returned. You must fill in, sign and return the enclosed registration form or register the Software with the Developer by some other means in order to be eligible for this warranty. (b) The Software is supplied as is without warranty as to its specification except that it is of merchandisable quality. (c) The Developer will not be liable for any damage, loss of profits, goodwill or for any indirect or consequential loss arising from any use or misuse of the Software, even if the Developer has been advised of the possibility of such loss. These conditions supersede any prior agreement between you and the Developer relating to the Software.

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