Biol 328 Lab Report 1

1: lamina

Spinous process Lamina Transverse Process - attachment point for muscles extending laterally from pedicle and

Transverse Costal Facet Superior articular facet - Allows head to make a yes movement Vertebral foramen - houses spinal cord Transverse foramen - protects vertebral artery, vein, and nerne Body Pedicle - forms vertebral arch Body - supports weight of vertebral column Spinous Process - projects posteriory from junction of lamina, serves as muscle attachment point (Refer to attached drawing) 2: The vertebral structure across many vertebrates is similar - the whale vertebrae is basically a large human vertebrae, for instance. Some students can't even tell the difference between a chimpanzee and human skeleton. In addition, all but three mammals have seven cervical vertebrae. This could lead to inferring a common ancestor for higher vertebrates. 3: At birth, a child only has a single spinal curve, whereas an adult has four spinal curves. The other three develop to act as shock absorption when the child begins walking. (Refer to attached drawing) 4: At birth, the vertebrae are composed entirely of cartilage to allow mimicking the mother's position in a single, primary arch. Only one arch is needed due to the baby being supported in the womb. The rib cage is similarly cartilaginous, with a partially fused sternum to allow the rib cage's expansion when the baby takes its first breath.