Grade 12 Cumulative Exercises

SENIOR 4 PRE-CALCULUS MATHEMATICS CUMULATIVE EXERCISES
A Supplement to A Foundation for Implementation
2000
Manitoba Education and Training
Manitoba Education and Training Cataloguing in Publication Data
510
Senior 4 pre-calculus mathematics. Cumulative exercises: a supplement to a foundation for implementation. ISBN 0-7711-2870-3 1. Mathematics-Problems, exercises, etc. 2. Calculus-Problems, exercises, etc. 3. Mathematics-Study and teaching (Secondary). 4. Calculus-Study and teaching (Secondary). I. Manitoba. Dept. of Education and Training.
Copyright 2000, the Crown in Right of Manitoba as represented by the Minister of Education and Training. Manitoba Education and Training, School Programs Division, 1970 Ness Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3J OY9. Every effort has been made to acknowledge original sources and to comply with copyright law. If cases are identified where this has not been done, please inform Manitoba Education and Training. Errors or omissions will be corrected in a future edition. Sincere thanks to the authors and publishers who allowed their original material to be adapted or reproduced.
Cumulative Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Manitoba Education and Training gratefully acknowledges the contributions of the following individuals in the development of Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics Cumulative Exercises: A Supplement to A Foundation for Implementation (40S). Senior 2-4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics Revision Committee John Barsby Lynn Batten Joseph Combiadakis Abdou Daoudi David Klassen William Korytowski Viviane Leonard J ayesh Maniar Don Nichol Hilliard Sawchuk Connie Shaver Kathy Tetlock Don Trim Barb Vukets Wayne Watt Alan Wells St. John's-Ravenscourt Department of Mathematics Bureau de l'education francaise Notre Dame Collegiate R.D. Parker Collegiate Sisler High College Beliveau Oak Park High Whitemouth School Rivers Silver Heights Collegiate School Programs Division Department of Mathematics River East Collegiate School Programs Division Winnipeg Independent Schools University of Manitoba Manitoba Education and Training Mountain S.D. No 28 Mystery Lake S.D. No. 2355 Winnipeg S.D. No.1 St. Boniface S.D. No.4 Assiniboine South S.D. No.3 Agassiz S.D. No. 13 St. James-Assiniboia S.D. No.2 Manitoba Education and Training University of Manitoba River East S.D. No.9 Manitoba Education and Training
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics Cumulative Exercises Committee John Barsby Barry Boothe Judy Bowes Ruth Dyck John Enns Lyn J annuska Dennis Kasian David Klassen Bill Korytowski Kelly Livesley Joyce McCallurn Don Nichol Christine Ottawa Larry Ruppel Gordon Smith Ketri Wilkes St. John's-Ravenscourt Fort Richmond Collegiate St. John's-Ravenscourt Westgate Mennonite Collegiate Westgate Mennonite Collegiate Crocus Plains Regional River East Collegiate R.D. Parker Collegiate Balmoral Hall University of Winnipeg Collegiate Morden Collegiate Whitemouth School St. John's High School River East Collegiate MacGregor Collegiate John Taylor Collegiate Independent Schools Fort Garry S.D. No.5 Independent Schools Independent Schools Independent Schools Brandon S.D. No. 40 River East S.D. No.9 Mystery Lake S.D. No. 2355 Independent Schools Independent Schools Western S.D. No. 47 Agassiz S.D. No. 13 Winnipeg S.D. No.1 River East S.D. No.9 Pine Creek S.D. No. 30 St. James Assiniboia S.D. No.2
III
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics Field Validation (Pilot) Project (1997-2000) Dave Barnes Darryl Bohart Barry Boothe** Chris Boumford Judy Bowes Paul Carpenter Pat Clark Kim Deamel Darren Deserranno* Ruth Dyck John Enns Dean Favoni Arlyn Filewich Harland Garinger Jan Gibson Eva Goldfeld Chuck Hatfield Jerry Hildebrand Erwin Hildebrandt Greg J akubec Lyn Jannuska Brian Johnston** Dennis Kasian Doug Kinney Dave Klassen Peter Kula Doug Kutcher Don Lepper Kelly Livesley* Tanis Macdonald Bill Marshall Joyce McCallum Pat McCrea Ralph McKay Patty Miller Les Mitchell Mike Nantais Neelin High River East Collegiate Fort Richmond Collegiate Shaftesbury High St. John's-Ravenscourt Morden Collegiate Gordon Bell School Carman Collegiate Swan Valley Regional Westgate Mennonite Collegiate Westgate Mennonite Collegiate Dakota Collegiate Fort Richmond Collegiate Hapnot Collegiate Kelvin High Daniel McIntyre Collegiate Shaftesbury High Vincent Massey Collegiate River East Collegiate Oak Park High Crocus Plains Regional Whitemouth School River East Collegiate Neelin High R.D. Parker Collegiate Springfield Collegiate Whitemouth School Sanford Collegiate John Taylor Collegiate Vincent Massey High Swan Valley Regional Morden Collegiate Portage Collegiate Windsor Park Collegiate R.D. Parker Collegiate Fort Richmond Collegiate Boissevain School Brandon S.D. No. 40 River East S.D. No.9 Fort Garry S.D. No.5 Assiniboine South S.D. No.3 Independent Schools Western S.D. No. 47 Winnipeg S.D. No.1 Midland S.D. No. 25 Swan Valley S.D. No. 35 Independent Schools Independent Schools St. Vital S.D. No.6 Fort Garry S.D. No.5 Flin Flon S.D. No. 46 Winnipeg S.D. No.1 Winnipeg S.D. No.1 Assiniboine South S.D. No.3 Fort Garry S.D. No.5 River East S.D. No.9 Assiniboine South S.D. No.3 Brandon S.D. No. 40 Agassiz S.D. No. 13 River East S.D. No.9 Brandon S.D. No. 40 Mystery Lake S.D. No. 2355 Transcona-Springfield S.D. No. 12 Agassiz S.D. No. 13 Morris-Macdonald S.D. No. 19 St. James-Assiniboia S.D. No.2 Brandon S.D. No. 40 Swan Valley S.D. No. 35 Western S.D. No. 47 Portage la Prairie S.D. No. 24 St. Boniface S.D. No.4 Mystery Lake S.D. No. 2355 Fort Garry S.D. No.5 Turtle Mountain S.D. No. 44
*Until June 1998
**Until June 1999
Iv
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
Don Nichol* Joe Oczerklewicz** Rob Pehura Norm Roseman Larry Ruppel John Scott Mark Sefton Gordon Smith Edith Steeves Wanda Stockford Jim Stuparyk Hans Tauchnitz Egon Ulrich** Ketri Wilkes Rick Williamson Frank Wilson
Whitemouth School John Taylor Collegiate Winnipegosis Collegiate Grant Park High River East Collegiate Dakota Collegiate Vincent Massey High MacGregor Collegiate Joseph H. Kerr Miami Collegiate Kelvin High Oak Park High Springfield Collegiate John Taylor Collegiate Arthur Meighen High Vincent Massey Collegiate
Agassis S.D. No. 13 St. James-Assiniboia S.D. No.2 Duck Mountain S.D. No. 34 Winnipeg S.D. No.1 River East S.D. No.9 St. Vital S.D. No.6 Brandon S.D. No. 40 Pine Creek S.D. No. 30 Swan Lake S.D. No. 2309 Midland S.D. No. 25 Winnipeg S.D. No.1 Assiniboine South S.D. No.3 Transcona-Springfield S.D. No. 12 St. James-Assiniboia S.D. No.2 Portage la Prairie S.D. No. 24 Fort Garry S.D. No.5
*Until June 1998
**Until June 1999
Manitoba Education and Training Staff School Programs Division Carole Bilyk Lee-Ila Bothe Diane Cooley Grant Moore Katharine Tetlock Wayne Watt Murielle White Consultant Coordinator Project Manager Publications Editor Consultant Project Leader Desktop Publisher Curriculum Unit Program Development Branch Production Support Unit Program Development Branch Curriculum Unit Program Development Branch Production Support Unit Program Development Branch Learning Technologies Unit Program Development Branch Curriculum Unit Program Development Branch Production Support Unit Program Development Branch
Notes
vi
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements Exercise 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
ui
New Topic Presented Degree and Radian Measure The Unit Circle 3 5 1
Outcome(s) A-I A-2 A-3 7 A-4 A-5 A-6 B-1
Special Angles and the Trigonometric Functions
Solving Trigonometric Equations on a Specified Interval General Solution of Trigonometric Equations Graphing Circular Functions Translations 13 16 19 11 9
Horizontal and Vertical Stretches Symmetry, Reflections, and Inverses Graphing Reciprocals
22 25
B-2 B-3 B-4 B-5, B-6
Graphing Absolute Values
Practice with Transformations
27 30
B-6 B-7 C-l C-l
Transformations with Trig Functions Trigonometric Identities I Trigonometric Identities II 33 35 37 39
Sum and Difference Identities I Sum and Difference Identities II Double Angle Identities Exponential Functions 41 44 46
C-2 C-2 C-2 D-l D-2
Solve Exponential Equations
vII
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
Exercise 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
New Topic Presented Logarithmic Functions Logarithmic Theorems I Logarithmic Theorems II 48 50

52 54
Outcome(s) D-3, D-4 D-5 D-5 D-6 D-6 D-7, D-8 60 D-8 E-1 65 E-2 E-2
Exponential and Logarithmic Equations I Exponential and Logarithmic Equations II Natural Logarithms 58
56
Applications of the Exponential Function Counting Principles 63
Permutation with Repetitions and Restrictions Permutations 67 69 71
Circular Permutations
E-2 E-2 E-3
Permutations with Case Restrictions Combinations

74
Binomial Theorem
76
E-4
Permutations, Combinations, and Binomial Theorem 78 Parabola 80

82
E-2, E-3, E-4 F-1, F-2, F-3 F-1, F-2, F-3 F-1, F-2, F-3
36 37 38 39 40 41 42
Circle and Ellipse Hyperbola 84

87
Sample Spaces
G-1, G-2 90
G-3 G-3
Probability of Independent and Dependent Events Combining Probabilities Conditional Probability I

92 95
G-4
viii
Exercise
New Topic Presented
Outcome(s)
43 44
45
Conditional Probability II
98 101
G-4 G-5
Probability Using Permutations and Combinations Geometric Sequences Geometric Series 106 108 103
H-l
H-2 H-3
46
47 48
Infinite Geometric Series Review I Review II Review III 111 113 115
49 50
Ix
Notes
INTRODUCTION
These exercises provide experiences related to the student learning outcomes for Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics. These exercises have the following features: The exercises are cumulative. Each exercise starts with questions related to new work, and then moves to questions based on previous topics. In the early exercises, the previous topics draw on material from Senior 2 Pre-Calculus Mathematics and Senior 3 Pre-Calculus Mathematics. The cumulative nature of these exercises is designed to allow students to master concepts over a number of days, rather than all at once. In traditionally arranged exercises, students may do 25 questions on a topic and then move on. In these exercises, students will do as many questions, but not all at once. Some may feel they are moving on before they have mastered the previous topic. However, that mastery comes with time, and is reinforced frequently. This presentation of topics should also enhance retention since no topic ever disappears. It should also encourage students to see the connections among the many parts of Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics. Students find assessments easier with this cumulative approach, often requiring little formal review before summative assessment.
As the course progresses, students frequently are asked to explain their reasoning and to write simple proofs. Most exercises contain some problems that are aimed at a creative synthesis of ideas rather than simply a mastery of skills. Schools on the semester system should spend about one day per exercise. This leaves a substantial number of days for assessment, group work, projects, mental mathematics, and other learning experiences. Schools not on the semester system may require two class periods per exercise.
Materials Scientific calculators are required throughout. Students should use spreadsheets and graphing technology where appropriate. Some parents may not approve of the use of playing cards and dice when teaching lessons in probability. Teachers may want to use number cards and number cubes instead.
xl
Notes
xII
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics A-1
Exercise 1: Degree and Radian Measure

1. Convert the following to radian measure, expressing your answer in terms of n:
a. 250
b. -1200
c. 4600
d. 3300
2. Convert the following values from radian measure to degree measure. Round off to one decimal place where necessary. a.
-7n
6
b.
1m
12
c. 2.634
d. -0.9825
3. Determine the supplement of 5n. 12 4. Express the supplement of 1300 in radian measure. Leave your answer in terms of n. 5. Find the complement of the third angle of an isosceles triangle where the two equal angles each have a measure of 2n. Express in radians. 7 6. If two parallel lines, intersected by a transversal, have interior alternate angles of 24 and n radians, find the value ofx. x
0
7. Solve for x if the two angles referenced in the previous question were interior angles on the same side of the transversal. 8. For what values of 0 in the interval 0 ~ 0 ~ 2n are the following conditions met? a. sin 0 < 0 and cos 0 > 0 c. tan 0 > 0 b. sin 0 > 0 and cos 0 ~ 0 d. cos0 ~ 0
9. Determine the quadrant(s) in which the following would be true. a. sin e < 0 b. cos0 =
-J3
3
and tan 0 =
--J2
10. In what quadrantts) is the point PCO) if we know that a. cos 0 is negative? b. sin e < 0 and tan e > O?
Continued 1
A-1
Exercise 1: Degree and Radian Measure

11. Find the arc length of a bicycle wheel, given a radius of 24 inches and a central angle of 48. 12. An alien, power walking along the equator of his/her planet (gender is difficult to identify with aliens), travelled a distance of 12.3 balrogs. If the diameter of this planet is 16.4 balrogs, through what central angle did this alien travel? Express to the nearest tenth of a degree. 13. Simplify:
6.J12 + 2-J27.
14. Find an integral value of x for which 3x-2

1 1
=5
x2 -
15. Simplify:
3 6 X X
16. Solve the following equations: a. (x + 3)2 + 2 = 20 6 x-I b.---=4 x 2 17. A line has a slope of 2 and a y-intercept of 12. Find the x-intercept of this line.
3
18. a. Completely factor x3 + 2X2 b. Solve: x3 + 2X2 - 3x = o.
3x.
19. Find the points where the line x + y 20. Solve for x: ax + b = ex + d.
= 6 intersects
the parabolay
=-
1
X2
+ x.
Exercise 2: The Unit Circle

1. Given that 0 ::;; ::;; 21l', determine the quadrant e a.
21l'
in which p(e) lies. d. Un
b.
Un 6
c.
-1l'
2. For the following, state a positive coterminal angle from 0::;;e::;; 360. a. 510 b. -390 c. 840 d. -210
3. For the following, state a positive coterminal angle from 0 ::;; ::;; 21l'. e a.
1911'_
b.
1251l'
c.
-131l'
d.
141l'
4. Determine the quadrant(s) conditions: a. sin
in which the point P(8) will lie under the following
e is positive
0 and cose < 0
b. tan P 0
d. sine = - and cose =5 5
c. sine>
-3
5. Assuming that the point p(e) lies on the intersection of the unit circle and the line segment joining the origin to the point indicated, find the coordinates of P( 8). a. (6, 8) b. (-9, 40) c. (-4, -12) d. (0, -3)
6. If
(1
3' y ) is a point on the unit circle in quadrant
IV, find the value of y.
7. The point P( e) on the unit circle is not in Quadrant value of cos e.
1. If sin
e=
8 1 7' find the
8. If cose
=.J6
4
and sine
= -M,
4
find tan e. Rationalize the denominator
and
simplify.
. 9 . I s t h e pomt
(.J5 -5- J on t h e unit CITC I? .. 5' 2.J5 e.
10. If a wheel having a circumference of 30 metres rolls five metres, how many radians has it turned? How many degrees has it turned?
Continued 3
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
A-2
Exercise 2: The Unit Circle

11. What is the area of a pastry used to cover a slice of mathberry pie having an outer crust arc of 7.6 em and a central angle of 30?Express to the nearest tenth of a unit. 12. Write to explain in which quadrant the point P(e) lies if one knows the value of (J in radians. 13. In Ll ABC, L B possible? 14. If f(x) 15. If fix)
= 34, BC = 4, and AC = 3. Find AB. How many = 4.
answers are
= ';x2 = 2x
+7, find x so thatf(x)
+ 3, find k so that fik + 2) = k + fik).
16. Let 0 be the origin and A the vertex of y = X2 + 6x + 10. Find the length of OA. 17. The diagram shows the graph of y = ... x Vertical lines through C(6, 0) and D(2,0) meet this graph at B and A as shown. a. Find the area of trapezoid ABCD. b. Find the perimeter of trapezoid ABCD.
7 6 5 4 3 2
1
1 -1
3 D
5 C
-2
18. Factor completely: X4
16.
19. Factor the following and solve for x: 12x2 - 25x + 12 =
o.
20. Write the following equation in the form y = a(x - h)2 + k. (General form): y = 10x2 - 9x + 2. (Hint: Complete the square.)
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
A-3
Exercise 3: Special Angles and the Trigonometric Functions

1. Find the exact value for each of the following: a. Sln6
. n
. 4n b . Sln3
c. cosn
d. sec( -;)
e. tan-
7n
4
-5n) f. cot(4
2. Find the exact value for each of the following: a. cos 45

0
b. sin 300
c. tan 330
d. csc 1350
3. Find the exact value for each of the following: a. (sin(
-l:n ))- 20n)-( l!n)

(cos tan
b. (tan 2; Hcos(-!~)) 3;)( tan 5:) +(sin

4. Show that the following statements are true: Sln. n
1-cos3
n 3
-cosn b. sin n =
6
a. _------=3""-.. = n
l+cos-
sm-
. n 3
3 ~
2
5. Given that tan
e=
is,
find
e where: ~ 3n
2
c. -
b. n ~ e 2 6. Find the value(s) for a. sine = c. tan
3n ~ 2
e ~ 2n
e where 0 ~ e ~ 2n that
satisfy the following:
-J2
-1
b. cose=sin e < 0 d. cose
-J3
2
2
e = -J3 and
= --1
and tan d < 0
7. Find the exact value for each of the following: cos--
25n
6
. 9n b. Sln4
c. tan(
-l:n )
-35n) d. csc(-6-
Continued 5
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
A-3
Exercise 3: Special Angles and the Trigonometric Functions

8. Solve for x and y: 4x - 3y = 10 3x + 2y =-1 9. The equal sides and equal angles of an isosceles triangle are 3.6 em and 54 respectively. Expressing your answer to the nearest tenth of a unit, find a. the perimeter. b. the area.
10. For what values of e in one positive revolution do both sin negative values?
11. Express 1m radians to the nearest tenth of a degree.
e and tan e have
24
12. Express the size of the angles for a right isosceles triangle in radians as a multiple of n. 13. If the corrresponding angles for two lines intersected by a transversal are 5n radians and 75, determine if the lines are parallel. 12 14. If sin 15. If
e= ~
2
and cos e < 0, find the valuers) for tan where n

E
e.
e = n + 2nn,
I, find the value for sine, coet), and tan e.
16. Evaluate: tan 1~n - cos( -1

3
m).
17. ABCD is a square and E is the midpoint of BC. Find, to the nearest degree, the measure of L AED. 18. Solve for x: .J2x + 3 -.Jx + 1 = 1. 19. Find the perpendicular distance between the parallel lines 3x + 4y and 3x + 4y = 1.
=6
20. Sketch the graph of the followingrational function. State any intercepts and equations of asymptotes.
H(x)
2x + 1
x-4
Exercise 4: Solving Trigonometric Equations on a Specified Interval

1. Solve the following equations over the interval 0 ~ 8 ~ 360. a. 2cos8= 2 c. 4tan8 - 7 = 5tan 8 - 6 b. 5tan8+ 4 = 0 d. 2sin28 + sin 8 = 0
Solve the equations in questions 2-5 over the interval 0 ~ 8 ~ 2& Give the exact values. 2.2sin28-sin8=0 4. 2tan8+2.J3 =0 3. tan8+.J3 =0
5. 2cos8+.J3 = 0
Solve the equations in questions 6-8 over the interval ; 6. 4cos28 = 1 8. 2 cos" 8 - 5 cos 8 - 3 = 0 7. 2 sin 8 + -J2 = 0
s 8~
3 1r. 2
. .. 2Jt' 7Jt' 9 . D etermine t h e exact va Iue for t h e expreSSIOn:SIn- .cos- .tan (-3Jt') . -3 6 4
10. Show that the following is true: 2cos2 Jt'-1 = cos" Jt'_ sin" Jt'. 6 6 6
h 11. FIn d 8 were
. -.J3 an d - ~ 8 ~ -. Jt' 3Jt' SIn 8 = -2 2 2
-3 12. If cos 8 = - and tan 8 > 0, find the value for sin 8.
4
13. Given P(27Jt')is a point on the unit circle, find the quadrant and the coordinates of the point P using two different methods. 14. You have been given the following multiple choice question on a test: "Which interval satisfies the following condition: cos 8 > sin (J?"
a. 0 ~ 8~ 2
tc
b . - < 8<- 2 4 -
Jt'
Jt'
c. 0 ~ 8~ 4
Jt'
d. 0 ~ 8< 4
Jt'
Jt'<8<Jt' e. 4 - - 2
Explain which answer is correct, which answers are incorrect, and why.
Continued
7
Cumulative Exercises A-4
Exercise 4: Solving Trigonometric Equations on a Specified Interval

15. IfP(8) lies on the line segment joining the origin and the point (-6, -8) find cos e. 16. Given the same information as in the previous question, find: a. cos( e + ;) b. cos(e 1[)
17. Evaluate: sin (-477r) cos(-477r). -2-
18. Multiple Choice. The diagram on the right shows the graph of y = ax2 + bx + c. Which of the following is true? a. b. c. d. a a a a
> 0 and b2 > 0 and b
2 2 -
< 0 and b < 0 and b2
4ac 4ac 4ac 4ac
> 0
<0 > 0 <0
19. Find the domain and range of fix) 20. A line through (0, 2) intersects the parabola y = X2 at points A and B. If A is the point (-1, 1), find the coordinates of B.
= 3x2
+ 6x - 5.
Exercise 5: General Solution of Trigonometric Equations

Solve the following equations for 8 where the domain is the set of all real numbers . . 1. SIn8 ::-1 2 1 2. a. cos(38):: 2 3. tan 8 = 0 4. sin28 b. Sin(~)
=~
=~
5. (1 + sin 8)(1- cose) = 0 6. 2sec8 + 4:: 0 7. 4csc8 + 6:: 14 8. (sin 8 - 1)(2see 8 + 1) :: 0 Solve the equations in questions 9 and 10 in the interval - 21" 8 $ 211'. $ 9.4sin28-3=0 10. 5 tan 8 + 5 = 0 Solve the equations in questions 11 and 12 in the interval 0 $ 8 $ 211'. 11. cos8 + cos28 + sin2= 0 12. 2 sin'' 8 + sin 8 - 1 = 0 13. Find the range of the function: fix) = X2 + 3x - 1. 14. As you stop your car at a traffic light, a pebble becomes wedged between the tire treads. The diameter of the wheel is 80 em. When the light changes, you travel a distance of 130 m before discovering the pebble (you have excellent hearing!). How many revolutions has the pebble made?
Continued
9
Exercise 5: General Solution of Trigonometric Equations

15. A ball of diameter 50 em is sitting on a ring of diameter 48 cm. How far below the ring does the ball extend? 16. A regular five-sided polygon (i.e., a pentagon) is inscribed in a circle. Each edge of the pentagon is four units long.
a. Find the radius of the circle to two decimal places. b. Find the area of the pentagon to two decimal places. 17. If $5000 is invested for five years at 6% compounded annually, what will be the value of the investment at the end of five years? 18. Find the distance from the point (-1, 3) to the liney = 3 x+6. 19. Solve for x: ax + c
2
= bix
- c).
20. Solve for x, y, and z.
x+y=7 x-z=8
2x - y - 2z = 12
10
A-6
Exercise 6: Graphing Circular Functions

1. Graph the function y = sm e by lettmg
-3n -n -n e = ... ---4' 2'
0 - 4' '4'2'
n n 3n
4'
...
2. Analyze the graph of the sine function as sketched in question 1 by identifying the following: a. amplitude b. period c. domain d. range e. zeroes
3. Graph the function fie) sine function.
= cos e using the
same intervals for
e as used for the
4. Analyze the graph of the cosine function as sketched in question 3 by identifying the following: a. amplitude b. period c. domain d. range e. zeroes
5. How do the graphs of the sine function and cosine function compare? 6. Graph the function fix)
= tanx.
7. By referring to the graph in question 6, analyze the tangent function by identifying the following: a. amplitude b. period c. domain d. range e. zeroes
8. Locate where the tangent function is undefined and state the equations of the asymptotes. 9. Over the interval (-2n, 2n), state where the followingwould be true: a. sin
e is increasing
b. cos e is decreasing
10. Solve the equation sin'' e + sin e - 4 11. Solve graphically the equation sinx answers as exact values.
= 0 for 0 ~ e ~ 2n. = -J3

2 in the interval 0 ~ x ~ 2n. State
12. Use technology to solve the followingequation in the interval 0 ~ 2 sin" e = -sin 13. If see e =
e < 2n:
e + 2. State
and tan
answers to three decimal places. 0, find the exact value of csc e.

Continued 11
-J7
2
e<
Exercise 6: Graphing Circular Functions

14. Through how many radians does the minute hand of a clock rotate between 10:00 a.m. and 11:40 a.m.? Give your answer as an exact value. 15. If R = 21.7 and 8 lies in Q III, find two possible values of 8. 16. In the unit circle shown, the length of arc AB is 231!. ind the coordinates of B. F
17. One plane is 20 km from the Winnipeg Airport. A larger plane is 17 km from the airport. If the angle between the sightings is 110,how far apart are the planes? 18. Find a linear function of the form /tx) 19. Find exact values for x and y.
= mx
+ b such that /t3)
18 and /t2)
= 24.
20. Letf(x)
2x = --.
x-2
a. Find /t3) and ttft3. b. Prove that ttftx = x for all values of x.
12
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
8-1
Exercise 7: Translations
1. Given fix)
a. fix)
= X2,
sketch the graph of: b. fix) + 3

c. fix - 2)
2. Given fix) = x3, sketch the graph of:

a. fix)
b. fix) - 2
c. fix + 1)
3. Given fix) = _X2 + 2, sketch the graph of: a. fix) b. fix) - 3 c. fix - 3)
4. Given the graph offix) below,sketch the graph of:

a. fix) - 2
b. fix + 2) c. fix + 1) + 3
5. Sketch the graph ofy = 3 + sinx. 6. Sketch the graph of y = sin(x - ~) + 2. 7. State the range, period, and amplitude of the graphs on questions 5 and 6. 8. Given the sketch of g(x) = fix + 2) + 1, sketch fix):
y
.(-3,2).
(2, -2)
Continued
13
Cumulative Exercises 8-1
9. Given the graphs of fix) and g(x): a. Express fix) as a function ofgix). b. Express g(x) as a function of fix).
10. Solve the following equation over [0, 2n]: sin3e=--
-.J2
2
11. Find the approximate values of the equation 3 sin'' e + 5 sin e - 2 = 0 for 0 s e s 21r. 12. fix) = cosx + 1. Without drawing its graph, give the domain and range of fix).
e . . 13. Explai h ow tan -2 = 1 sin e e IS demonstrate d In t h e fi gure be1ow. am + cos
. ---- -- --~-----~-----,A(-l,O)
...... ----- --- ~ --tCO, 0)
t
Continued 14
8-1
14. Write a trigonometric equation that has the given roots n, ~ over the domain
[0, Jr].
15. Sketch the graph of f(x)
= (x
- 1)2(x
+ 5).
16. Write an equation for a polynomial function with x-intercepts of -2, 3, and 4, and a y-intercept of 8. 17. A circle with radius 3 units has its centre at (8, 12). Write equations for two vertical lines tangent to the circles. 18. The function f(x) is periodic with period 4. If f(0) f(3) = 12, what is the value of f(75)? 19. /).ABC is isosceles as shown. a. What is the equation of the line through A and C? b. What is the equation of the line through Band C?
y.
= 3, f(1) = 5, f(2) = 4, and
~~------------------------~--------~x
20. Given f(x)
+ 2)2 - 3, find, in standard form, the quadratic function which would be obtained by sliding the above graph two units left and four units up.
= (x
15
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
8-2
Exercise 8: Horizontal and Vertical Stretches

1. Given fix) =X2, sketch the graph of: a. fix) b. 2fix) 2. Given fix) =x3, sketch the graph of:
a. fix) 1 c. - f(x)
c. fi2x)
3. Given fix) = cos x, sketch the graph of the following and state the range, period, and amplitude.
a. fix)
b. 3fix)
c. fi2x)
d. fi3x) + 1
4. Given fix) =x2 + 2x, sketch the graph of:

a. fix)
b. fi2x)
c. 3fix) - 1
d. fi3x) + 1
Given the graph of fix) below, describe each transformation in words and sketch each graph:
5. 3f(x) 6. f(2x)
7.
f(;)
-3
-2
-2
8. Given the sketch of
g(x)
f(~ x
sketch f(x).
(5.00, 1.00)
Continued 16
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics 8-2

9. Given the graphs of fix) and g(x): a. express fix) as a function of g(x) b. express g(x) as a function of fix)
10. If the domain is the set of real numbers, what are the solutions for the equation 2 sin'' e + 3 sin e + 1 = O? 11. If the roots of the trigonometric equation are equation.
2"' 6" on
[0, 2n], find the
12. Solve the following equation, given that the domain is the set of all real numbers: sin" e + cos" e + 2 cos e = o. 13. Draw the graph of y = cos( x - ~) on the interval 0 ~ x ~ 2n .
14. Sketch fix) =
X2 -:
x+
and give the domain and range of the function.

X+3
15. Sketch the graph off{x)
={ 4
if x '#-2 . if x =-2
~2,
16. Given that the formula for the area of a circular sector is A =
where
e is
the central angle, explain why the area of a circle is given by nr2. 17. Sketch the graphs ofy2 = x andy
=.JX.
How do these graphs differ?

Continued 17
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
8-2

18. If x - 3 is a factor of X2 + 7x + k, what is the value of k? 19. The area bounded by the line y 19.6 units". Find the value of k.
y.
4 x, the x-axis, and the vertical line x 5
=k
is
20. a. If the radius of the circle is 12 and sector AOB. b. If the radius is rand
e=
1C
radians, find the area of
e = 1C
radians, express the area in terms ofr.
c. Prove that the area of a sector is given by A = ..! fJr2, where r is the radius and e is the central angle in radians. 2
~::..----~B
18
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
8-3
Exercise 9: Symmetry, Reflections, and Inverses

Given the graph of fix), sketch the graph of:
1. -fix) 2. flex) 3. fi-x)
-1 -1 1
-2
4. State whether each of the following is even, odd, or neither. a. fix) d. fix)
= 3x2 = -sin
b. fix) e. fix)
= -4x2 = 13xI
+ 3x
c. fix) f. fix)
= cos x =7
5. a. For each of the equations below, indicate whether the graph is symmetric with respect to the y-axis. i. y = X2 ii. x = y2 iii. X2 + y2 = 1 iv. X2 + X4 = Y b. How would you test whether the above can be symmetric with respect to the x-axis? 6. a. Is the graph of y = sinx symmetric with respect to either coordinate axis? b. Is the graph of y = cosx symmetric with respect to either coordinate axis? 7. a. Write an equation for the line formed by reflecting y b. Write an equation for the line formed by reflecting y 8. Given f (x) = -r; + 2, state
= 2x + 4 in the x-axis. = 2x + 4 in the y-axis.
f -1 (x),
sketch both graphs on the same coordinate axes.
Continued
19

9. a Reflect in the y-axis.
y
b. Reflect in the x-axis.

y
10. a. The given graph is part of an EVEN function. Complete the graph. b. The given graph is part of an ODD function. Complete the graph.
y 5 4 3 - 2' , : , , : ,
: - - - - - - - - - -:-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 1 : , , ~~~~r++-++~~~~~~~++-+~X S 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 -1
-2 -3 -4
11. Solve over the real numbers to two decimal places: sec () = -2. 12. a. Stretch horizontally by a factor of 2 b. Stretch vertically by a factor of 3 c. Stretch horizontally by a factor of 2
1
(-4,~) :
-2
(2, -3)
..
-5
Continued
20
B-3

13. Sketch the graph of y = 3 sin(x + n) in the interval 0 $ x
$ 27t.
14. Solve this equation for ()with the domain being all real numbers. cos2(} sin2(}+ 3sin(} = 3 + 15. Find the distance from the origin to the line x - 2y + 15 =
o.
$ ()$
16. Find the values of ()in the equation 6 sin'' ()+ 13sin () = 5 for 0 17. The graph represents the unit circle X2 + y2 = l. This is equivalent to y2 = 1- X2 or y = -J 1- X2 Sketch the graph of: b. y
2n.
= --Jl-x2
18. Sketch the graph ofy = -J x - 2. What geometric figure does this represent? 19. This parabola opens down and crosses the x-axis at x = 1 and x = 3. Write down the equations of two different parabolas with this property.
20. If the parabola in question 19 has its vertex at (2, 16), find its equation.
21
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
8-4
Exercise 10: Graphing Reciprocals

1. For each of the following functions, sketch the graph and specify the domain, range, and zeroes. a. f(x)=1
x-2
b. f(x) = --2
x
2. Sketch the graph and specify the domain, range, and zeroes of: 1 f(x) = x+3-4 3. Sketch the graph and specify the domain, range, and zeroes of:
f(x) =
1
X2 _
4. Sketch the graph and specify the domain, range, and zeroes of:
-1
f(x) =
X2
+4
5. Sketch the graph and specify the domain, range, and zeroes of: a. f(x) = sin x
. b. f(x) = _.1_
sm x
1
6. GIven the graph off(x)
below, sketch the graph of f(x)'
7. Solve the equation for 8 where 0 ~ 8 ~ 360: sin 28 = -0.5794 8. If cos 8 > 0 and tan 8 < 0, in what quadrant does 8 lie?
Continued 22
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics B-4

9. If sin 0
=.!
2
and tan 0 < 0, find sec O.
10. Multiple Choice: The statement which describes the vertical asymptotes of y = tan x is:
a. y = odd integral multiples of n. 2 b. x = integral multiples of n.

2
c. x = odd integral multiples of n .

2
d. y = odd integral multiples of tt,

3
11. Change the following radian measures into degree measures:

a.
3n 2
b. 57
c. -8.5
d. -22n
12. Solve this system of equations for a and 2 tan a - 4 cos f3 = 4 tana + 2cosf3=-1 1 13. Sketch the graph of fix) = X2 _ 4
f3 where
o s a s 2 nand o ~ f3 ~ 2 n
14. For what values of k will the system fix) = a. no solution
2 1 4 and g(x) = k have: x -
b. exactly one solution
c. more than one solution
15. If 0 < 0 < ~ and sinO = ~, prove that tanO = -Jb2~a2 .
16. Sketch the graph ofx
= ~1-
y2. (Hint: Recall that x" + y2
= 1 is the
unit circle.)
Continued
23
8-4

17. Write an equation for a parabola with vertex (3,-6) crossing the x-axis at-1 and 7. 18. Solve for 0 s 0 ~ 2n: sinO+ 2sinOcosO= 0
19. Given each graph, perform the indicated transformations to sketch a new graph. a. reflect in the y-axis b. reflect in the x-axis
c. stretch horizontally by a factor of
.!
2
d. stretch vertically by a factor of
.!
2
20. If LA = 45, find an exact value for the length of Be.
24
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
B-5, B-6
Exercise 11: Graphing Absolute Values

For questions 1 to 7, sketch the graph and state the domain, range, and zeroes of the function. 1. y= 12x-ll
2. y
I-x -11
1
4. y
= -I x-2 2
= -21 x
6. y 1
31 + 3
7.
v= I x-3 I
For questions 8 and 9, sketch the graph and state the domain, range, and period.
8. y
= I sinx I
9. y=-3Icosxl 10. Given fix) = X2, sketch the graph and state the zeroes of: a. fix + 2)
b. - 2fix)
c. -2fix - 1) + 3
11. State the range, period, and amplitude ofy
= 3sin(~
)-2.
+ 3)
12. Given fix) below, sketch the graph and state the domain and range of:
a. y
= fix
b. y = fi-2x)
c. y = fi -x + 1)
d. y
= fi2x
- 2)
Continued 25
B-5, B-6
Exercise 11: Graphing Absolute Values

13. Solve the following equation over the interval 0 $ 0 $ 2n: 4sin2 0 - 8cos 0 =-1 14. Write the equations of three different functions that have a range of [5, 00). 15. Find a geometric interpretation for tan -2 =
1- cosO sin f .
A(-l, 0)
.....I-.l..---I
-C(l,O)
16. The equation of a parabola is: y = ax2 + c. If the points (2, 2) and (1, -3) lie on the parabola, find the values of a and c. 17. The value of x + y is between 5 and 6. On a coordinate graph, shade in the region in which the point (x, y) must be located. 18. Solve for x: 3 1 + - = 1. x +x x
2
19. Sketch the graph ofy = 3--. x
20. Prove that the graphs of x + y = 2 and y = X2
2x + 3 do not intersect.
26
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
8-6
Exercise 12: Practice with Transformations

For questions 1 through 6, assume that the graph of (is given, and describe how the graphs of the following functions are obtained.
l. a. y
= 4fix)
1
b. y b. y b. y +1 + 1) b. y b. y
= -fix) = -3fix) = fi2x) = -fix) = 3fix

3 +6
2. a. y=-f(x) 4 3. a. y=--f(x) 5 4. a. y 5. a. y 6. a. y
1
= 2fix) = 4fix
2
- 2)
= -1 f(x)-5
-Jx-2
1 b. y=-f(x)+4
if x ~ 3 if 1::;; x < 3 if x < 0
7. Sketch the graph of: f( x) =
2X2
4 x 8. Sketch the graph ofy = x +
Ix I.
b. fix)
9. Sketch the graph, and state the range, period, and amplitude of: a. fix)
= sin x
= 2 sin x
c. fix)
= sin 2x
10. Sketch the graph, and state the range and period of: a. fix) = I cos x
I
=
b. fix) = cos" X
11. Sketch the graph of: fix)
l:~::::
(x_n)3
~~~~~l )
on [n, 00)
Continued 27

12. Find the coordinates of the centre of the circle that is tangent to the y-axis, to the line y - 7 = 0, and to the line 2x - y - 2 = o.
Given the graph of fix) below, sketch the graph and state the domain and range of: 13. y 14. y
= f(x)
1
1-3
= f(~x)
. 1. U se divisi to write y IVISlon 5
2x + 3 In th e .L'. . rorm y
x-I
R = Q +--.
x-I
. 2x+3 16. Use the result from question 15 to sketch the graph ofy =--
x-I
17. Multiple Choice. A circle and a square have equal areas. If the perimeter of the square is P, then the circumference of the circle is:
a. nP
b.
c.
-Jip
2 d.
-J1i
e.
2n..JP
Continued
28

18. Multiple Choice. The graphs of y points. The value of k is: a. 1
19. -J132 -122
= sin x and
51[Y
= 2x intersect
at k different e. 7
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
= V125. Solve for n.
20. Given the circle with centre 0 and a diameter of 20 decimetres, find the area of the shaded region.
29
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
B-7
Exercise 13: Transformations with Trig Functions
1. This graph represents y = fix). Use the sine function to find an equation for fix).
2. Repeat question 1, using a cosine function to find an equation for fix).
3. Use the sine function to find an equation for this graph.
4. Use the cosine function to find an equation for the graph in question 3. 5. Write an equation for this graph.
-3.14
-1
3.14
6.28
9.42
-2
6. The depth of water in a harbour is given by the equation d(t) = -4.5 cos(O.16m) + 13.7, where d(t) is the depth, in metres, and t is the time, in hours, after low tide. a. Sketch the graph of d(t). b. What is the period of the tide, from one high tide to the next? c. A bulk carrier needs at least 14.5 metres of water to dock safely. For how many hours per cycle can the bulk carrier dock safely?
Continued 30
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
8-7

7. The average daily maximum temperature in Vancouver follows a sinusoidal pattern with a highest value of 23.60 C on July 26, and a lowest value of 4.20 C on January 26. Express the maximum temperature as a function of cosine. 8. Use the results from question 7 to find the expected maximum temperature for May 26. 9. Use the results from question 7 to find how many days will have an expected maximum of at least 21.00 C. 10. Determine the measure of the largest angle in a triangle with sides 8, 9, and 11. 11. Change the following degree measures into radian measures: a. 1630 b. 1890 c. 2160 d. 3520
12. Sketch the graph off(x)
1- X2 for - 3 ~ x < 0 {-vr: + 1 for 0 ~ x < 2 x
13. Solve for r: mx =
J:..(~+-.!:.).
m r p
14. On the left below is a list of functions. On the right are descriptions of how the graphs of these functions can be formed from the graph of f(x). Match each function with its description. a. y = -f(x) 1. Stretch horizontally by a factor of 3. b. y d. y
= f(-x) = 3f(x)
2. Stretch vertically by a factor of 3. 3. Compress horizontally by a factor of 3. 4. Reflect in the x-axis.

x)
c. y = f(3x)
e. y =
f( %
5. Reflect in the y-axis.
15. Sketch the graph off(x) in the formf(x) 16. Graph: y = 3 = Q+~.
= ~.
x+1
You might wish to use division to express it
x+1
1x + 21.
Continued
31
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
8-7

17. a. A triangle is uniquely determined if S.A.S. data (two sides and the included angle) are given. Prove that the area of a triangle are given by: A=
ab sinO
if a and b are two sides and 0 is the angle between them. b. Use the formula from 17a to find the area of a triangle with sides of length 15 and 20 and an included angle of 45. 18. The horizontal line y is the value of k? 19. Solve for x and y:
=k
Y
meets the parabola y
= X2
+ 8x at one point only. What
Fx +2 r:
-19 -i x - 2Y = 3
20. a. How many different parabolas cross the x-axis at (0, 0) and (2, O)? b. Write equations for two such parabolas.
-1
3
32
C-1
Exercise 14: Trigonometric Identities I

1. Express each of the following entirely in terms of sin 8 . a. csc8 b. cos28 c. cot28
2. Express each of the following entirely in terms of cos 8 . a. sec8 b. sin28 c. tan28
3. Express each of the following in terms of sin 8 or cos 8 or both. a. sin8csc8 b. sin28+ \ sec 8 c. l-csc28
Prove that each of the following is an identity. 4. cosx secx
5. cscx sinx = 1 8. tan8cos8= sin 8
6. tan 8 cot 8 = 1
7. cot 8 sin 8 = cos8
9. Solve the equation: 4sin8+2.J3 = 0 for the interval 0 $ 8 $ 2n-. 10. Solve the equation: 3 cos8 + 2 = 0 for the interval 0 $ 8 $ 360. Give answers to one decimal place. 11. Graph both sides of the following equation: _1_ - cosx = tan 8 sin 8 cosx a. What do you notice about the graphs? b. Verify algebraically that the above is an identity. 12. Identify the quadrant ofP(8) for each of the followingvalues of (): a. 8 = 600 b. 8 = -400
c. 8= 1m 3 d. 8 =-9
-3 13. If sin8 = - and cos8 > 0, find the exact value of tan 8. 4 14. If 8 = -,
-8n3
find the coordinates ofP(8).
Continued 33
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
C-1
Exercise 14: Trigonometric Identities I

15. Find the exact value(s) of ()in the interval zr ~ () ~ 2rc: 2 cos"() = .,j2 cos() 16. Solve for x with domain over the reals: cos x 17. Solve for (),0 ~ ()~ 2rc: tan
2(}
= -..J3 .
2
=-1
18. Use the graph of fix) to evaluate

y
fTf( 4)].
(-3,0)
1 (2,0)
y =f(x)
19. Iff(x) = _3_, find an expression for ["1(x).

x+1
20. The line y = mx, m > 0, touches the parabola y at only one point. Find the value of m.
= X2
+9
y.
.-----~-------.x
34
C-1
Exercise 15: Trigonometric Identities II

Prove the following identities.
1. (1 + sin x )( 1- sin x) = 12
sec x
2. cos" X
sin" x = 1 - 2 sin" x
3. cos28 = (1 - sin 8)(1 + sin 8) 4. (1 - sec 8)(1 + sec 8) = - tan28
5. 2see" x
1 + 1 1- sin x 1+ sin x
6. see" x - csc" X 7. cos" X

-
= tan" =
x - cot" X
sin" x
1 - 2 sin" x
9. Solve the equation for 8 where 0 ~ 8 ~ 360:

---=
sec 8 -1 2
1+sec e II
10. Solve the equation over the interval 0 ~ 8 ~ 21r . State your answer to four decimal places. 3 - 6 tan 8 = tan 8 + 6
11. Find the value of sin 8 if cos 8
= ~~
and tan 8> O.
12. Solve graphically the following equation for 8 over the set of real numbers. (Give answers to four decimal places.) 6 sin 2 8 + 10sin 8 - 4 = 0
Continued 35
c-t Exercise 15: Trigonometric Identities II

13. Solve algebraically the following equation for ()over the set of real numbers.
1. sin ()- -J3 = 0

4 8
14. Prove the following identity using two different methods. sec2t - 1 . 2t 2t = SIn sec 15. Express each of the following in radian measure. a. 2250 b. 2160 c. 1250 d. 105
0
16. Express each of the following in degree measure. a. -
27r
3
b.
57r
6
c.
47r
3
d.
37r
4
17. If fix) = 2x + 3, find the y-intercept of the graph of y = Mx)]. 18. Multiple Choice. If a < 0 and b2 could represent y = ax? + bx + c? a. b.
-
4ac > 0, which of the following graphs

c.
d.
19. Factor x3
20. Iff(x)
2x2+ 3x - 6. ,findf-l(5).
= x+3
x-2
36
C-2
Exercise 16: Sum and Difference Identities I

1. Find the exact value of sin( 5lt )by letting a 12 for sinfrr+B].
1t and ~ = 1t in the sum formula 6 4
2. Find the exact value of cos(~) by setting a = 1(; and f3 = 1(; in the relevant formula. 12 3 4 3. Using the known relationships for sin(a + f3) and cos(a + f3), derive the formula for tan(a + f3) and express in terms of tangent only. 4. Using a =
a. . 71(;
SID-
1(;
and f3 =
1(; ,
find: b. cos12
71(;
12
c. tan-
71(;
12
5. Determine a formula for the following, expressing in terms of tangent only: a. cot(a + f3) b. tan(a - f3)
71(; .
6. Using the formula derived in question 3, find tan
12 Compare this result to your solution for question 4c.
Let a =
1(;
and f3 =
1(;
7. Find the exact value of cos 105by using 45 and 60. 8. Given that sin a quadrant I, find: a. sin(a+ f3) b. cos(a+ f3) d. in what quadrant is the point pea + f3)? c. sec(a + f3)
= 2.,
25
and cos f3 =
41
and neither pea) nor P(f3) are in
9. Graph the following equation: Sin(t + 3;)
= -cost
a. What do you notice about the graphs? b. Verify algebraically that the above equation is an identity. 10. Find the exact value of sin218 + cos" 18 2 1-cos 210
Continued 37
Cumulative Exercises C-2
Exercise 16: Sum and Difference Identities I

11. If tan
e=
~ and sin
e ~ 0, find see e. e where

0~
12. Solve the equation for
e ~ 2n: 4 cos"e + cos e - 3 = O.
Prove the identities in questions 13 to 15. 13. sIn x l+cosx

=
1- cosx sm x
14. sIn x + cosx = 1 cscx secx
1 15. ----. - = tan x sec x cscx +srn x
16. Find the distance from line 2x - 3y + 7 = 0 to the point on the unit circle at n. 3 17. Sketch the graph of y = X2(X
-
2).
x+1 x 18. Solve for x: -+ -= -1. x-I x+l

y.
19. The graph represents a function fix). a. If the roots, b. If the roots, equation fix) what can be equation fix) what can be k has exactly four said about k? = k has exactly two said about k?
=
20. A cone has a height of 8 em and a radius of 6 cm. When it is cut along the line AB and flattened, it forms the shape shown in figure 2. a. How long is AB? b. What is the length of the major arc BC in figure 2? c. How many degrees are in L CAB? d. What was the surface area of the cone?
A
B Figure 1
ebB
Figure 2
38
C-2
Exercise 17: Sum and Difference Identities II

1. Express COs(; e) as a function of e only. +
2. Expand and simplify tan( e -
~) .
3. Write sec(: +
e) as a function of e only.
cos t
4. Prove the following identities: a. sin( t - ~)
=-
b.
5IT. IT
cos(t +
3;)
sint
5. Give the exact value for the following: a. Sin-COS--COS-Sln16 16 16 16 b. cos33 cos27- sin 33 sin 27 6. Given sin a
. 51T IT
= -4
and cos~ = -5 where a and ~ are in the third quadrant, 13
a. Find the coordinates ofP(a - 13). b. In which quadrant does the terminal side of (a - 13) lie? 7. Show the following is true: sin( e -
~) + cos(e - ; ) = -J3 sin e.
8. Show that the following statement is false: tan(
e + :)
- tan(
e-
3:) =
= cos" X
9. Prove the identity: sin(a + 13) + sin(a - 13) = 2sin acos 13 10. Show that the following relationship is always true: cos(x + y) cos(x - y)
-
sin" y
Continued 39
Cumulative Exercises C-2
Exercise 17: Sum and Difference Identities II

11. Prove that the following statement is true for all values of a and f3: cot a cot f3 - 1 cot( a + f3) = -----'---
cota +cotf3
12. If cos a
=~
13
and tan f3 = 3 with neither a nor f3 in Quadrant I, find tan( a - f3). 4

1 1
13. Create the right-hand side of the following equation: sin t = it an identity using a. sum or difference of cosines b. sum or difference of sines c. Prove the identity in a. algebraically
to make
14. Solve the following equations over the real numbers, expressing your answer to two decimal places: 2sin285sin83
=0
15. If 8 = -924, find the related angle for 8. 16. Find the approximate values for 8 if 0 ~ 8 ~ 21t' nd 3cos2 8 = cos 8 (to two a decimal places). 17. If x3 - y3
= (x
- y)(x2
+ xy + y2), find the factors of sin" x - cos"x.
18. If x3 + y3 = (x + y)(x2 - xy + y2), find the factors of tan" x + cot" x. 19. Prove the following identity: see"x(l - sin" x) = 1.
40 ,
C-2
Exercise 18: Double Angle Identities

1. a. Starting with the identity for sinCa + {3), rove that sin 20 = 2 sin 0 cos O. p b. Starting with the identity for cos(a + {3), prove that cos 20 = cos20 - sin'' O. 2. Use question lb. to prove the following: a. cos 20
= 2cos2 0 -
b. cos20
1 - 2sin20
3. Derive a relationship for tan 20. 4. Evaluate tan (120)using the above double angle formula and setting 0 = 60. 5. Evaluate cos 1t to two decimal places, given that cos~ = 0.95. Use a double 5 10 angle formula to find this result. 6. Prove this identity: csc2x - cot2x 7. If sin 0 = a. sin20
= tanx.
and cos 0 =
~,
find:
b. cos20
8. If 0 is the angle indicated in the diagram, find an exact value for sin20.
9. Graphically solve the following equation for 0 in [0, 21l]. 2cos20
-.J3 = 0
State answers to three decimal places.
Continued 41
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
C-2

.. . csc4x-cot4x
2 2
10. Prove this identity:
csc x+cot
+ cot" x = csc"x.
11. An even function fix) has the property that fi-x) = fix). Using the subtraction formula for cos e, prove that cos e is an even function. Start with cos(-e) = cos(O- e). 12. An odd function fix) has the property that fi-x) = -f(x). Using the subtraction formula for sin e, prove that sin e is an odd function. Start with sin(-e) =sin(O- e). 13. If sin e = ~2 , and e lies in Quadrant IV, find the exact value of cot e. SIn-+cos14. Find the exact value of: -. ~~'-n-----'2"'!=~~ SIn-'COS3 3 . 'd e 10 1 . 15. P rove the f 11OWIng1 en tit y: SIn x + cos x -_ 1- sin x cos x, sm x + cosx 16. Solve the following equation for tan e =-J3 17. Solve for ewhere the domain is the set of real numbers. Round the answers to four decimal places. csc" e sin" e + 3sin e + 3 = 5 18. Express each as a function of x only: a. sin(~
3 3
. 2n
2n
e where
the domain is the set of real numbers.
-x)
b. cos(;
-x)
Continued
42
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
C-2

19. a. Use the graph of the function y = fix) to draw the graph of y == (1 (x). b. Determine if y = fix) is a oneto-one function.
y
y = fix)
20. Given y = 3(x - 4)2 + 2, a. State the name of the function. b. State the coordinates of the vertex. c. Describe how it has been shifted from the original equation y = X2.
43
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
0-1
Exercise 19: Exponential Functions

1. a. Sketch the graph of the function fix) = 3 b. State the domain and range of the function. c. As the x values increase, what happens to the y-values?
X
2. a. Sketch the graphs of the functions f( x) = 2x and f( x) b. Describe the similarities between the two graphs. c. How are the two graphs different? 3. a. Sketch the graph of the function fix) = 3(2 b. State the domain and range of the function. c. Find the x and y intercepts of the function.
X ).
= ( ..!.
2
r.
4. Sketch the graphs offix) axes. 5. From the graph of fix) a. 21.3 6. From the graph of fix)
a. (k,6)
= 5\ = 2\ = 3\
g(x)
=5
x2 - ,
and h(x)
=5
X -
2 on the same set of
estimate the value of:
b. 25.1 estimate the missing value of k, given the points:
b. (k, 10)
7. a. Sketch the graphs of fix) = 4\ g(x) = 4-\ and h(x) b. How is each of these graphs different? 8. a. Sketch the function fix) = 2x - 3. b. Find and sketch the inverse of fix)
= -4X.
= 2x
3.
he entity: 1- cos"(J = sm 2 (J cos2 (J . . 2 9. Prove tel identi 1+ tan (J 10. Solve the following equation for (J where 0 :::;; 2n: (J:::;; 2tan2 (J + sec (J = 1 11. Graph y = 2sin4x for 0 :::;; 27t. x:::;; 12. Graph y = - co{ x - ;) for 0 :::;; (J
27r.
:::;;
Continued
44
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
0-1
Exercise 19: Exponential Functions

13. Sketch the graph ofy 14. Sketch the graphs of: a. y = 3+--Jx 15. Sketch the graph ofy b. y
=--Jx.
= -Jx+2
= 4 - --Jx .
16. This graph represents y = fix). Sketch the graph of y = 1fix) I.
17. Given sin(t)
-3 , find the coordinates of P(2t) if tt ~ t ~ 3n . 8 2
18. Solve for ()if sin ()= cos ()on 0 ~ ()~ 2n.
(-4,3)
.
1
19. This graph represents y = t(x). Sketch the graph of y
to
I).
(0, ~2)
(4,0)
20. A sinusoidal curve passes through (:' 0), maximum value at
(34
(54
1t,0),
and
(94
1t,0)
with a
1t,3).
Find two equations for this curve: one in terms of
sine and the second in terms of cosine.
45
Exercise 20: Solve Exponential Equations

For questions 1 through 8, solve the given equation for x. l. 2x= 32
2. 23x-5 = 16 = 3. 54>:-7 125
4.
3x2 +4x = -.!...

27
5. _1_=81 x1
3-
6. 2(52X-9) 38x =
= 250
7.
-.!.
81 = 16
8. 323x-2
9. Determine which two of the three given functions are equivalent: a. y = 2-x b. y = _2x
c. y = 4x-3
=(~J
and h(x) = 4X_ 3.
10. Use the graph of the function jlx) = 4X to sketchg(x) 11. Sketch the graph of the function fix) = 2
X -
3.
State the x- and y-intercepts. State the x- andy-intercepts,
12. Sketch the graph of the function fix) = 31-x
asymptotes, domain, and range. 13. Prove this identity:

.. . sec2x = csc" x.
sec x-I
Continued 46
0-2
Exercise 20: Solve Exponential Equations
14. Iff(x)
= X2
9, graphy
= f(~r
15. Determine whether tan ()is an even or an odd function using tan(-(} ) = tan(O - (}).
16. If sin( ()+ 2; ) + cos(()+ 5; ) = A sin ()+ B cos(), find numerical values for A and B.
17. Sketch the graph of y 18. Sketch the graph of y 19. This is the graph of y
= .! sin 2x for - tt ~ () ~ n,
2
= 2 cos(2x -
1l')
for 0 ~ ()~ 21l'.
= fix).
Sketch the graph of y
= 2f(x)
- 2.
20. Using the graph in question 19, sketch the graph ofy = If(x) I + 1.
47
0-3,0-4
Exercise 21: Logarithmic Functions

1. Express each of the following in logarithmic form: a. 34 = 81 b. 16 = 24
d. 2-3
= -.!
8
2. Express each of the following in exponential form: c. loglOO.Ol 3. Evaluate each of the following: a. log416 b. logg3 4. Graph fix) = 3 and its inverse, (-lex).
X
= -2
c. log0J28
5. Sketch fix) = log2(x-1) and state the domain, range, intercepts, and asymptotes. 6. Sketch fix) = log5(x) + 3 and state the domain, range, intercepts, and asymptotes. 7. Sketch fix) = logi3 - x) and state the domain, range, intercepts, and asymptotes. 8. Sketch fix) = logix - 1) + 1 and state the domain, range, intercepts, and asymptotes. For questions 9 through 12, solve the given equations for x. 9.
2x2
16
10. 82x+
= 64
11. _1_=64
4x-2
12.
(~J -=
27 125
Continued 48
0-3,0-4
Exercise 21: Logarithmic Functions

13. Sketch the graph of fix) = 3- State any asymptotes, x and y-intercepts, the domain, and range.
X
14. Sketch the graph offix) the y-intercept.
= 2-
3%-1. State the domain, range, asymptotes, and
15. Sketch the graph of y = -3 sin(28 + 1T:) in the interval 0 S 8 S 21T:. 16. Sketch the graph ofy = I x - 41. 17. Sketch the graph ofy
= Ix -
41-2.
18. Sketch the graph ofy = Ilx
41-21.
19. Solve the equation sin 8 + 2 sin 8 cos8 = 0 where 0 S 8 S 21T:. 20. If cos () = -0.491 where 0 S 8 S 41T:, find all values of 8.
49
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
0-5
Exercise 22: Logarithm Theorems I

1. Write as a single logarithm. a. log; 2 + log, 32 2. Write as a single logarithm. 1 a. - slog108 b. 3 log x - 2log y - 4 log t + 1. log b
2
1 b. 4 log x - slog(
X2
+ 1)+ 2log( x-I)
3. Use the Laws of Logarithms to rewrite each of the following:

X3y4 b. log-6Z
5. Sketchy = logx" -logx. 6. Express log,
V36 in terms
of log, 6.
7. Given logs2 = 0.33333 and logs3 = 0.52832, use properties of logarithms to find logs12 and logs36. 8a3b4 8. Write in terms of log a, log b, and log c: log ~ 9. Express each of the following in logarithmic form: a. 64 = 1296 b. 5-3 = _1_ 125
10. Express each of the following in exponential form: a. logs 64 = 2 b. log{6~) =-3
11. Graph f( x) = log 1(x). State the domain, range, intercepts, and asymptotes.
2
Continued 50
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
0-5
Exercise 22: Logarithm Theorems I

12. Evaluate each of the following: a. log2(6~) b. log, 81= 2
13. Solve for x: 39x = ~. 27
14. Solve for x: (:5
= ~
15. For the graphs of y and y-intercepts.
= 3x-
and y
(3
X ),
find the domains, ranges, x-intercepts,
. . see" x-tan2 x . 16. Prove the identity: 2 = sin" x. l+cot x 17. Solve the equation tan'' ()+ sec2() = 3 for 0 ~ ()~ 21l'. 18. a. Sketch the graph of y = -sin rex. b. What is the period of this function? 19. a. Sketch the graph of y = 3 cos(2x + b. What is the period? c. What is the horizontal shift? 20. a. Sketch the graph of y b. Sketch the graph of y 1 = -.
1l').
= 3 + --.1
x-3
51
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
0-5
Exercise 23: Logarithmic Theorems II

1. Express each of the following as a single logarithm: a. log25 + log27 + log26
b. log54 + log56 - log, 3
2. Express each of the following as a single logarithm: a. 2 log37 - [log, 14 + log, 35) b. -log2 4 + -log2 27
1 1
3. You are given log, 2 = 0.3010; log, 3 = 0.4771; log, 7 = 0.8451. Find the values of each: 14 d. log, V96 b. log, 14 C. logba. log, 6 3 4. Prove: log x
b
= log a x
log, b
log a 5. True or false? -= log a -log b log b 6. Evaluate logs 7 correct to six decimal places. 7. Expand as a sum and difference of logarithmic expressions:
8. Express the following as a single logarithm: 4 log, x - 2 log, Y + 3 log, t - 4 log, k 9. Solve for x: 252%1 = 125. + 10. Solve for x: 22%+2 1~' = 11. Express in logarithmic form: 3-2 =
!.
= 5.
Continued
12. Express in exponential form: log, 32
52
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
0-5
Exercise 23: Logarithmic Theorems II

13. Solve for ()in the following equation if the domain is all real numbers. cos"()+ sin'' ()+ 2 sin ()= 4 14. Sketch the graph of y = 4COS(1lX + n). 15. a. Sketch the graph of y = I x I. b. Sketch the graph of y = Ix 1- 2. c. Sketch the graph ofy = 2 -Ix I. 16 Sketch the graph of y = 1 + sin x . 17. Find the value of ()in degrees.
()
18. Iffix) = 2x + 3, findf-l(x).
19. Multiple Choice: Which of the following equations represents a relation in which y is a function of x? a. X2 + y2 = 1 b. X2 + 3y
=x
c. x + 3y2
= 2y
d. x2y2
16
20. Sketch the graph of (x - I? = 9.
53
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
0-6
Exercise 24: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations I

1. Solve for x and check: a. log, x
=2
b. log x 25
=2
-4 c. log, 16 =3
2. Solve for x and check: a. log
~G)' x
=
3. Which of the following equations have the same solutionis)? 4 a. log x 16 = 3 b. log, X = 2 c. log162 = x 4. Evaluate each of the following:
d. log32X =-
2 5
5. Solve each of the following for x and check your solutions. a. log x
~
b. log,
-log3 4
= log312
c. 5x-2 = 1-
6. Solve for x and check: log5(x2- 4x) = 1. 7. Solve for x and check: log313 - 2x I =2. 8. Solve for x and check: log(x + 21) + log x = 2. 9. Which pairs of the following functions are equivalent? a. fix) = _22-x b. g(x) = 4x-2 c. hex) 10. Solve the equation for x: 46x
= 22x-
= 1:....
64
11. Find the values of cot 0 if cosO = ~ and sinO < O. 5 12. Graph y = log, (-x) and state the domain, range, intercepts, and asymptotes.
Continued 54
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
0-6
Exercise 24: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations I

13. Prove this identity: _l_+tanx tan x
=
secxcscx.
14. Sketch the graph ofy = 2sin(3x+ 3;). 15. Sketch the graph ofy = I X2
11.
16. Sketch the graph ofy = 4 + Ix - 21. 17. Solve the equation (x + 2)2= (x - 1)2+ X2. 18. Find an equation for the followingfunction.
19. Find the inverse of the functionf(x)
= _3_.
x-2
20. Show that log(sin600) = l:(log 3-log4).

2
55
0-6
Exercise 25: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations II

For questions 1 through 5, solve for x and check your solutions.
5. log 1 X + log 1(5x - 28) = -2

-
For questions 6 through 8, solve for x to two decimal places. 6. 4x = 15 7.

52.>:-3
=8
8. 63x = 22x-3 9. Solve for x: 3x = 2 52-x 10. Verify: log.! = -log5.

5
For questions 11 through 14, solve the equations for x. 11. logx 10M 12. log 127 = x
9
3
2
13. log., 0.0001 = x 14. log, 6 + log, 9 = log,

X
Continued 56
Exercise 25: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations II

15. Solve for x: 103%-1 = 1 10000
16. If 0 < e <
1t
and sine =
-J8 , find the exact value ofP(2e)

9
on the unit circle.
17. Sketch y 18. Sketch y
= x3
= 2 + (x
- 3)3.
19. Convert 5.5 radians to degrees. 20. Several trig values of 8, measured in radians, on the interval [0, 2n] have the value
-../3 . One such value is sin

2
4n. Find all other possible answers.
""--
57
0-7,0-8
Exercise 26: Natural Logarithms

1. Find the value of:
1
b.
eO.67
c. In(9.43)
d. In(0.0036)
2. Sketch fix) = 2X and g(x) hex) = e" fit?
3X
on the same axes. Where would the sketch of
3. Sketch fix) = ex,g(x) = ex-3, and hex) intercepts, and asymptotes.
=e
X _
3. State the domain, range,
4. Sketch fix) = e". Sketch the inverse of fix) intercepts, and asymptotes.
= e". State
the domain, range,
5. Use the laws oflogarithms to write In(f(x))as an expression of natural logarithms.
6. Solve for x. a. e-O.Olx = 27
b.
eln(l-x)
= 2x
d. e2x-1 = 5 7. A radioactive substance is decaying according to y = A(e-O.2t ) where y is the amount of material remaining after t years. a. If the initial amount A = 80 grams, then how much is left after three years? b. The half-life of a substance is the time taken for half of it to decompose. Find the half-life of this substance in which A = 80 grams. 8. Suppose that $1000 is invested at 10% interest, compounded continuously. How long will it take for this investment to double? 9. Solve for n: 53n
+ 1
= 625.
9
10. Express in logarithm form: 22 =
16-J2.
Continued 58
0-7,0-8
Exercise 26: Natural Logarithms

he enti 11. P rove tel identit y: l-cos (J 2 see (J-l
2
= cos2(J .
12. Solve for x. Check: log, 8-12 = x. 13. Solve for x. Check: log5n25n2 = x. 14. Solve for x. Check: log5(3x + 1) + log5(x - 3) = 3. 15. Solve for x: log(x3 1)-log(
+ x + 1) = 1.
X2
16. Expand using the laws of logarithms.

4(x - 5) I og------'--~ x3(x + 6)
17. Sketch the graph ofy = 3 + 2sin2(J. 18. S0Ive fior x: 5" = 62"-" .
-1 -
7 -"
19. Find values of A, B, and C such that a maximum of y = A sin(x + B) + C occurs at (0, 0). 20. If sin( (J + :) + cos( (J -
7;)
P sin (J + Q cos (J, find numerical values for P and Q.
59
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
0-8
Exercise 27: Applications of the Exponential Function

1. Convert each expression into the logarithm of a single expression.
a. ~lnx-2In(x-1)-~ln(x2+1)
b. In(x3-1)-ln(x2+x+1)
2. Solve for k. Leave in terms of natural logarithms. a. 5000 = 50e2k b. A

3
= Ae4k
3. A $5000 investment earns interest at the annual rate of 8.4% compounded monthly. a. b. c. d. What is the investment worth after one year? What is the investment worth after 10 years? How much interest was earned in 10 years? What sum of money must be invested now so that $20 000 is available in five years if the rate is 8.4% compounded monthly?
4. The population of gophers in a field can be modelled by the equation:
P = 100(1.1)n
where n is measured in years. Plot the graph for a 10-year period. How many gophers will there be after 20 years? How long will it take for the gopher population to double? 5. Suppose that $2000 is invested at 8%, compounded continuously. How long will it take for the investment to triple? 6. A radioactive substance is decaying according to the formula:
y
= Aekx
where x is time in years. The initial amount is A = 10 grams and eight grams remain after five years. a. Find k. (Leave your answer in natural logarithms.) b. Estimate the amount remaining after 10 years. c. Find the half-life to the nearest tenth of a year. 7. When the population growth of a city was first studied, the population was 22 000. Five years later, it was 24 000. If the population grows exponentially, how long will it take for the population to double?
Continued 60
0-8

8. The pH of a substance is defined by: pH
= -log[ H+] where
[H+] is the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per litre.
If the pH of a substance is 6.62, find its ion concentration. 9. a. Sketch the graph of the function: y b. State the x- and y-intercepts. . . . sinx cosx 10. Prove the Identity: --+-= 1. cscx secx 11. Solve and check: logx 9
1
= 3-
= -2.
12. Solve and check: log 3 ( 27 ) = x. "5 125 13. If 5(23

X )
= 47
X,
solve for x:
a. using logarithms to base 10. b. using logarithms to base e. 14. Sketch the graph of y = 2
X -
2.
15. On the same coordinate system, sketch the graphs of: y
= x; y = x3;
andy
= Vx.
You may want to use a graphing calculator or make a table of values. What do you observe?
17. Find all values of 8, 0 ~ 8 ~ 27rsuch that 5sin8 - 12cos28 + 10 = O.

18. Ifa+b
= 8, and ab = 10, find the value
of -+-. a b
1 1
Continued 61
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
0-8

19. Multiple Choice. Which of the following is not equal to tanx? a. tan(x + n) b. tanix - n)
20. Solve for x: -15x =- 7x2- 2x3
62
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics E-1
Exercise 28: Counting Principles

Simplify the following. (Do not use a calculator.) 7! 1. a. 6! 2. a.
(k
b.
(31)! (30)!
7!(r + 2)!r 6!(r - I)!
c.
9! 6!
10! d. -6!4!
+ 3)! (k + 2)!
b.
-
3. Solve n!
= 20(n
2)!
4. a. Which of the following expressions is equal to n? (There can be several answers.)

1.
n! (n
+ I)! + I)!
n!
11.
n! (n - I)! n2(n n!
111.
(n
+ I)!
n!
n n+l
IV.
(ri
v.
I)!
b. Write two other expressions involving factorials which are equal to n. 5. A nickel and a dime are tossed on a table. In how many ways can they land? 6. If there are 12 runners entered in a race, in how many ways can first, second, and third place be awarded? 7. Pizza Barn offers three choices of salad, 20 kinds of pizza, and four different desserts. How many different three-course meals can one order? 8. A freshman student must take a modern language, a natural science, a social science, and English. If there are four different modern languages, five natural sciences, three social sciences, but each student must take the same English course, how many different ways can she select her course of study? 9. Suppose that the executive of the Manitoba Association of Mathematics Teachers consists of three women and two men. In how many ways can a president and a secretary be chosen if: a. the president is to be female and the secretary male? b. the president is to be male and the secretary female? c. the president and secretary are to be of the opposite sex?
Continued 63
Cumulative Exercises E-1
Exercise 28: Counting Principles

10. There are five main roads between the cities A and B, and four between Band C. In how many ways can a person drive from A to C and return, going through B on both trips, without driving on the same road twice? 11. Multiple Choice. If fix)
= x-3,
then
flex)
is equal to
1
C. X 3
12. Prove the identity: sin" x - cos"X 13. Solve and check: log, V4 14. Solve: 2(3l
= sin'' x -
cos'' x.
= x.
=5
xl - .
15. Show that log(_2_)::/; log 2 . 1.08 log 1.08 16. Solve the equation for ()where 0 :::;; 27r. ():::;; 4cos2()-7cos()2
=0
17. A certain radioactive substance decays according to S = Soe-0.04t where So is the initial amount of the substance and S is the amount of the substance left after t years. If there were 50 grams of the radioactive substance to begin with, how long will it take for half of it to decay? 18. Show that when
8 = 80e-<>04' is solved for t, the result
is t = -(25)
In(:0).
19. The atmospheric pressure P at height h kilometres is given by P = Poe-kh. The pressure at sea level is Po = 101.3 kPa. a. IfP = 89 kPa when h = 1, find k. b. Calculate the pressure at a height of 2 km. 20. Sketch fix) = -I X2
-
11.
64
Exercise 29: Permutation with Repetitions and Restrictions

1. How many distinguishable permutations are there of the letters in the following words? a. AARDVARK b. BOOKKEEPERS
2. How many distinct ways can three red flags, two blue flags, two green flags, and four yellow flags be arranged in a row? 3. How many different arrangements can be made using the letters in the word TEETH, if the "word" must start with H? 4. Using the letters of the word FACTOR(without repetition), how many four-letter code words can be formed: a. b. c. d. starting with R? with vowels in the two middle positions? with only consonants? with vowels and consonants alternating?
5. Manitoba license plate numbers consist of three letters followed by three digits. How many different plates could be issued? 6. Consider the digits 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. If repetitions are allowed, find a. how many three-digit numbers can be formed. b. how many three-digit numbers can be formed if the numbers must be less than 600 and divisible by five. 7. How many ways can Amanda, Basil, Charles, Dennis, and Edna sit in a row if Basil and Edna insist on sitting together? 8. How many ways can the people in the previous question be seated if Charles and Edith insist on not sitting together? 9. How many ways can four married couples sit in a row on a park bench if a. every husband and wife must sit together? b. the men and women must alternate?
Continued 65
Exercise 29: Permutation with Repetitions and Restrictions

10. North ,----,---,----.-- B East West The diagram shows a road map. The indicated route from A to B can be described as WNNWWNW,meaning: "Go one block west, two blocks north, two blocks west, one block north, and one block west." How many other routes are there from A to B if you must stay on the roads?
South
11. Express in logarithmic form:
(:9
= 7.
1 + 2tan2x.
12. Prove this identity: sec4x - tantx 13. Solve and check: logloo10 = x.
14. Use the laws oflogarithms to write in expanded form: log,( 15. The line x - y + 2 = 0 intersects the circle X2 + y2 - 4 coordinates of these points.
";,~2J.
Find the
= 0 in two points.
17. Solve. Express your answer to one decimal place. 18. Solve the equation tan'' (J - tan 19. Find the
4th
(J -
53x
= 63
= 0 for 0 $ (J$
21r.
degree polynomial whose roots are 1, -1, ~, and 2.
20. The number of bacteria in a certain culture t hours from now grows according to the formula: A = 800(3Y a. What will be the bacteria count 3.12 hours from now? b. When will the bacteria count reach 100 ODD?
66
Exercise 30: Permutations

1. Evaluate:
a.
5
P2
2. Write an algebraic expression for: b. 3. Solve for n: 2n + nP2

n~
nPz
= 56
4. Three brothers and three sisters are lining up to be photographed. How many arrangements are there: a. altogether? b. with brothers and sisters in alternating positions? 5. Five students walk into a French classroom with 10 desks. How many different seating arrangements are possible? 6. Winnipeg Stadium has four entrances and nine exits. In how many ways can two people enter together but leave by different exits? 7. How many ways can the offices of chairperson, secretary, and treasurer be filled by members of a committee of eight people? 8. How many five-digit numbers can be found from 1,2,3,4,5 if: a. the odd digits occupy the odd places? b. the odd digits occupy the odd places in ascending order? 9. a. How many four-letter "words" are possible using the letters in THURSDAY? b. How many end in the letter Y? c. How many do not start with an R and end with a Y? 10. Explain the meaning of sP3. Why does 3PS not make sense? 11. State the range of fix) = cos" x. 12. Express in exponential form: log5(~) = -1.
Continued 67
Exercise 30: Permutations
14. If log, x = n2 and log, b = -, show that n n
1 = -. 4
(b > O,b"# 1).
15. Find the range and y-interceptrs) for the graphs off(x) 16. Solve for x: e2x-5 = 25. 17. Sketch the graph ofy = 2 - 2cos(~ x ).
= e-
andg(x)
= =e":
18.
The line y = 1intersects the graph of y = sin x 2 at points A and B. Find the length of AB.
19. Sketch the graph of y
= 1X2 - 41. = 1X2 - 41

in exactly three
20. The horizontal line y = k intersects the graph of y points. What is the value of k?
68
Exercise 31: Circular Permutations

1. a. How many ways can eight people be seated around a circular table? b. How many ways can they be seated if Bob and Raj insist on sitting next to each other? 2. Five men and five women sit around a circular table, men and women alternating. How many ways can this be done? 3. In both a science classroom and a history classroom there are 12 desks. In the science class students are seated in a circle, and in the history class students are seated in a row. Which classroom has the greater number of seating arrangements? 4. How many ways can four beads of different colours be arranged to form a bracelet? 5. How many ways can three good friends be seated together around a circular table with 10 chairs if Brad refuses to sit beside them and five other people are to be seated? 6. How many four-digit numbers larger than 5600 can be made using the digits 0,1,2,5,6,8,9? 7. Using the numbers 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 0 (no repetitions): a. how many four-digit numbers are possible? b. how many are divisible by five? c. how many are even? 8. How many numbers less than 700 have no repetition of digits? 9. Using the digits 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5: a. how many seven-digit numbers can be found? b. how many are greater than 3 400 OOO? c. how many are greater than 3 400 000 and divisible by five? 10. How many ways can five men and three women be arranged in a row if there is a man at each end of the row?
Continued
69
Exercise 31: Circular Permutations

11. A class has 10 students. Three of them belong to the Scouts and always sit together. Three others belong to Girl Guides and always sit together. The desks in period one form a row of 10. The desks in period 2 form a circle of 10. a. In which class do they have the greater number of seating arrangements? b. If the number of circular arrangements arrangements is y, what is x - y ? 12. Prove the identity: [sin" x+cos" is x, and the number of row
xr
= 1.
13. Simplify: 2 log, 3 + ~ log, 16. 2

14. Solve for x: eX = eXe4 2

and algebraically.
= ex+
57 16
Then find the inverse off(x)
graphically
16. Solve for n:
(n+2)! ( ) 8! n-2!
17. Solve for n: (n + I)! - 30 = O. (n -I)! . 18. Solve for x if 5sm
=-
and x
9\.
19. Multiple Choice. Which of the following is not equal to sin x?
a. sin(x + 27r)
b. sin(-x)
c. cos(;
-x)
d. sin(x-67r)
20. Multiple Choice. Which of the following is not equal to cos x? a. cos(x+ 27r)
b. cos(-x)
c. sin(~ -x)
d. cos(x+7r)
70
Exercise 32: Permutations with Case Restrictions

1. There are 11 chairs in a row. In how many ways can five people be seated if they sit in consecutive chairs? 2. A book collector has five different books by Dickens, three different plays by Shakespeare, and three different novels by Danielle Steele. She also has a short story by Margaret Laurence. How many ways can they be arranged on a shelf if the books by each author are to be kept together? 3. a. How many ways can eight people be seated around a circular table if George and Monica insist on sitting together? b. If, in addition, Nicky and Brent refuse to be seated together, how many ways can this be done? 4. How many ways can four boys and two girls sit in a movie theatre row (which contains six seats), if a. one boy must be seated on each end? b. all the boys insist on sitting together? 5. a. How many five-letter "words" are possible using the letters in WINTER? b. How many contain "I" as the second letter? c. How many do not start with an E? 6. If all the letters in the word BARRIER are rearranged, a. find the number of permutations. b. find the number of arrangements beginning with the letter R. c. find the number of arrangements beginning with exactly one R. 7. Eight boys are to be arranged in a row. Two particularly unruly boys are not permitted to sit together nor are they allowed to sit at either end of the row. How many ways can this be done? 8. How many four-digit numbers greater than 5364 are possible using the digits 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8? 9. A school bus can seat 14 people on each side of the aisle. The boys always sit on the left; the girls always sit on the right. When the bus arrives at a stop, it contains nine boys and seven girls. How many ways can four new boys and five new girls be seated?
Continued 71
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
E-2

10. Six boys and six girls are walking counter-clockwise and single-file in a ring. a. How many ways can they be arranged? b. How many ways can they be arranged if the girls are all together? c. How many ways can they be arranged with the boys and girls alternating?
11. Evaluate (sin :6)( cos ~~) - ( cos :6)( sin ~~). Express your answer as an exact value. 12. Solve: 13. In which quadrant is P(4)? 14. Solve for x:
x
a. 9
=...!.
27
15. Select the pair of functions that are equivalent: a. fix)
= (0.5y-4
b. fix)
=-
24-x
c.
::j:.
fix) =
2-(x - 4)
16. Solve and check: log, 2t + log, 3t
= log,
24, (b > 0, b
1).
17. Find the exact solutions of the equation: 2 sin'' ()+ cos()= 1 in the interval 0 $ ()$ 2Jr. 18. At 100oe, hot water cools in a room with temperature 200e according to T = 20 + 80e-O03t where T is temperature t minutes after cooling begins. How long will it take for the water to cool to 400e in the room?
Continued 72
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
E-2

19. Write a sine and cosine equation for the sinusoidal graph given.
y 8
-1
"6
TC
-2
-3 -4
20. The electricity supplied to your house is called "alternating current" because the current varies sinusoidally with time. The frequency of the sinusoid is 60 cycles per second. Suppose that at time t = 0 seconds the current is at its maximum, i = 5 amperes.
a. Write an equation expressing current in terms of time. b. What is the current when t = 0.01?
73
Exercise 33: Combinations

1. Evaluate:
a.
4C2
2. a. b. c. d.
Evaluate sC2 and sC6 Evaluate 5C2 and 5C3. What do you notice about the answers in a. and b.? Explain why nCr = nCn-r.
3. Solve the equations:

a. nC2
= nCS
4. Lotto 6-49 is a lottery in which one selects six numbers from 1 to 49. How many ways can this be done? 5. On a college baseball squad, there are three catchers, five pitchers, seven infielders, and seven outfielders. How many different baseball nines can be formed? 6. a. A poker hand consists of five cards. How many different poker hands are possible? b. How many of them contain all red cards? c. How many of them have exactly two hearts and two clubs? 7. How many different sums of money are possible using at least three coins from a collection consisting of one penny, one nickel, one dime, one quarter, and one loonie? 8. An investment club has a membership of four women and six men. A research committee of three is to be formed. In how many ways can this be done if a. there are to be two women and one man on the committee? b. there is to be at least one woman on the committee? c. all three are to be the same sex? 9. Suppose that a bag contains four black and seven white balls. (Assume the balls are distinguishable; for example, they may be numbered.) In how many ways can you draw from the bag a group of three balls consisting of a. one black and two white balls? b. balls ofjust one colour? c. at least one black ball?
Continued 74
Exercise 33: Combinations

10. A lady gives a dinner party for six of her nine friends. a. How many ways can she choose her six guests? b. How many ways can she do this if Dorothy and Lori cannot attend together?
12. Ten children are playing "Farmer in the Dell." One child stands in the centre while the others form a ring around him. How many arrangements are possible?
2
13. Prove the identity: 1+ tan2 8 1+cot 8
= see" 8-l.
14. How many arrangements can be made of the letters in BABBLING BABY? 15. Solve and check: log2(x - 1) + log2(x + 2) = 2. 16. Without using the change of base formula, evaluate log, 25 + log, \1512. 17. a. How many permutations can be made from the letters in CINCINNATI OHIO? b. How many begin with a T? 18. How many four-digit numbers greater than 5687 can be found using only the digits 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 (no repetition is allowed). 19. If 0< 8 < 45 and sin 8 = 2 , find exact values for:
3
a. sin28 20. If 0< 8 < 45 and sin8 a. sin38
b. cos28
2, find exact values for: 3
b. cos38
75
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
E-4
Exercise 34: Binomial Theorem

1. Write the complete expansion for: a. (a + b)3 b. (a + b)4
2. Write the complete expansion for (2x _ y)4. 3. Write and simplify the first three terms for each of the following:
a. (2x + 1)9
b. (2x2
- X)l1
4. Find the fourth term of (
3a
_ :)
5. Find the 7th term of (a + b)10.
6. Find the 5th term of ( ~ - :
J'.
1
7. Find the middle term of (2x - 2x 8. Find the 6th term of (2y + X)l1. 9. Find the (r + 1)8t term of
)12
(3a _ 6!2 )9
10. Find the term containing x20 in (2x _X4)14. 11. A group of 15 treasure hunters comes to a clearing in the forest from which there are three exits. It is decided that seven will go left, four go by the middle route, and the rest go to the right. How many ways can this be accomplished? 12. How many different bracelets consisting of six beads can be made from 10 differently coloured beads? 13. A tennis club has 10 boys and eight girls as members. a. How many matches are possible with a boy against a girl? b. How many matches are possible with two boys against two girls? c. How many matches are possible with a boy and girl against another boy and girl?
Continued 76
Exercise 34: Binomial Theorem

14. The English alphabet consists of five vowels and 21 consonants. a. In how many ways can a selection of letters be made consisting of two different vowels and three different consonants? b. How many "words" of five letters can be made from two different vowels and three different consonants? c. How many "words" of five different letters can be made if each "word" contains at least three consonants? (Do not simplify). 15. a. How many ways can six people be seated around a circular table if two particular people insist on sitting opposite each other, two insist on being together, and the remaining two insist on being apart? b. How many ways can this be done if there were eight chairs around the table? he entity: --- x tan 16. P rove tel identi secx-1 secx+ 1 tan x
17. A bacterial culture is growing according to the formulay = 10000eo.6x where x is the time in days. a. Find the number of bacteria after one week. b. How long will it take for the culture to triple in size? 18. There are 23 teams in Division A of German soccer. a. If each team plays each other team once, how many games will be played? b. If each team plays each other twice (not necessarily in consecutive games), how many games will be played? 19. Find the exact solutions of the equation: 2 cos8 = 3tan 8, 0 < 8 < 21!. 20. If $4000 is invested today, how much will it be worth after 10 years at an interest rate of 8% if interest is compounded: a. annually b. quarterly c. monthly d. daily e. continuously
77
E-2, E-3, E-4
Exercise 35: Permutations, Combinations, and Binomial Theorem

1. In how many ways can a dog team of five be chosen from 10 huskies and eight retrievers, so that the majority of the dog team would be composed of retrievers? 2. A baseball team is to be formed from a squad of 12 people. Two teams made up of the same nine people are different if at least some of the people are assigned different positions. In how many ways can a team be formed if a. there are no restrictions? b. only two of the people can pitch and these two cannot play any other position? c. only two of the people can pitch but they can also play any other position? 3. Write the complete expansion for ( 2x - ~
4. What is the 10th term of (x - 2y)20? Do not simplify.
5. Find the term containing x' in ( ; - :'
6. Find the term with no xs in ( 2X4
2!2 )12
X2)11.
7. Find the term containing
X14
in (2x -
8. A student council consists of a president and eight other members. A yearbook committee of five is to be selected from this group. a. How many ways can this be done if the president must be on the committee? b. How many ways can this be done if the president is not on the committee? 9. A hockey team has nine forwards and three are needed to form a forward line. a. How many possible forward lines involve their top goal scorer? b. If Mario and Serge are two of the forwards, how many lines include at least one of them? c. How many lines involve their worst three players?
Continued 78
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
E-2, E-3, E-4
Exercise 35: Permutations, Combinations, and Binomial Theorem

10. How many different five-letter arrangements can be made from the letters in JANUARY? 11. How many rectangles are formed when seven vertical lines are intersected by four horizontal lines? 12. Solve for n in the equation: (n + 2)C4= 6(nC2).
(~J. etermine the domain, range, asymptotes, D

= 5X
and all intercepts. Compare this graph tog(x) 14. Solve and check: log2a(4a2)3
= x.
=
15. Express as a product or quotient oflogarithms: log, 9.3 + log, 8.6
log; 19.1.
16. A man and his wife invite four couples to dinner. After the host and hostess sit at the table ends, the guests sit four to a side of the table. If men and women alternate around the table and no man sits next to his wife, how many seating arrangements are possible? 17. How many different signals consisting of seven flags can be made using three white, two red, and two blue flags? 18. Without considering special cases, how many straight lines are determined by nine points? 19. If a committee of five is to be selected from 12 persons, a. find the number of ways this can be done if a particular person must be on the committee. b. find the number of ways this can be done if a particular person must not be on the committee.
20. Use your calculator to solve the equation x - cos x
= 0 for 0 :::;; 21t'. x:::;;
State the
answer accurate to three decimal places.
79
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
F-1, F-2, F-3
Exercise 36: Parabola

1. Sketch the graphs of the following parabolas: a. 4x - y2
=0
b. 2x2 + Y
=0
c. 4x + y2
=0
d. 2X2 - Y = 0 of the
2. Sketch the graphs of the following parabolas. vertex. a. (y - 3)2 = 4(x + 5)
State the coordinates
b. (y + 2)2 = -4(x - 2)
State the coordinate of the vertex.
3. Sketch the graph of the following parabolas. a. (x - 2)2
= -8(y
+ 1)
b. (x + 3)2
= 4y
of the vertex
4. Consider the parabola y2 - 20x + 2y + 1 and sketch the graph. 5. Consider the parabola X2 - 4x + 8y + 4 and sketch the graph.
= O. Find
the coordinates
= O. Find = ax2
the coordinates
of the vertex
6. Find the value of a if the the parabola y
passes through (2,5).
7. The parabola y2 - X + 4y + k = 0 passes through the point (12, 1). Find the vertex of the parabola. 8. Find an equation for the axis of symmetry for the parabola (y - 2)2 = 8(x + 3).
9. Find an equation for the axis of symmetry for the parabola X2 + 4x + 2 - y
= O.
10. Find an equation for the vertical parabola with vertex (2, -3) passing through the point (9, -10). 11. How many arrangements can be made from the letters in the word DRAUGHT if the vowels must not be separated? 12. From six huskies and seven retrievers, how many ways can one form a team of five dogs if there must be four or five retrievers? 13. How many different bracelets consisting of five beads can be made from eight differently coloured beads? 1 = 64. 2%+
Continued 80
14. Solve for x:
--1
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
F-1, F-2, F-3
Exercise 36: Parabola

15. Express in exponential form: log, 25 = 2. 16. Solve and check: log3x
= 3 -log3(x
+ 6).
17. Find and simplify the term containing no cosO 18. P rove this id en tit y: ----IS 1 1 cscO sinO = --sinO-1 tan 0 see 0
xs in the expansion of (x + 2~)
12
19. How long will it take to double your money if it is invested at 9% and compounded quarterly? 20. Solve for 0 over the real numbers: cot20 + 2 sin 0 = csc20 - 2.
81
Cumulative Exercises 125F-1, F-2, F-3
Exercise 37: Circle and Ellipse

1. Find the equation of a circle with centre (3, -1) and radius two units and sketch. 2. Find the equation of a circle with centre at the origin and passing through the point (4, -5). 3. Given two points A(6, -8) and B(-2, 4), find the equation of the circle whose diameter is AB. 4. Find the centre and radius of each of the following circles and sketch: a. X2 + y2 + 2x - 10y + 25 = 0 5. Sketch the graphs of the following ellipses. a. 3x2 + y2 = 12
b. 4x2 + 4y2 + 4x - 12y + 1 = 0
b. X2 + 4y2
16
6. Sketch the graphs and state the coordinates of the centre for the following ellipses.
a (x - 2)2
+ ~ =1
9
b.
(x
+ 3)2 + (y - 2)2 25 16
7. Sketch the graphs and state the coordinates of the centre for the following ellipses. a. 4x2 + 9y2 - 16x + 90y + 205 = 0 b. 49x2 + 16y2 + 98x - 64y - 671 = 0 8. Find the centre of the ellipse with AB and CD as major and minor axes, respectively. Then write the equation of the ellipse. a. A(6, 0); B(-6, 0); C(O, 3); D(O, -3) b. A(-4, 3); B(8, 3); C(2, 1); D(2, 5)
(x - h)2
9. Show that the equation for an ellipse, equation of a circle if a = b.
(y - k )2 b2
1, reduces to the
10. Find the equation of the ellipse whose vertices are (-4, 2) and (10, 2) and whose minor axis has length 10. 11. Prove that the number of diagonals in an n-sided polygon is
n(n - 3)
2
Continued 82
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
F-1, F-2, F-3
Exercise 37: Circle and Ellipse

12. Solve for n: C3
2n
= 44 .
3
nC2
13. Prove this identity: see" x csc" x 14. Solve for x: b"
2
= see" x
+ csc" x.
+x
1.
15. How many numbers greater than a million can be formed with the digits 0, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4? (Only the indicated repetitions are allowed.) 16. A circle has an area of 251l' units" and is tangent to both the x-axis and y-axis. Find one possible equation for this circle. 17. Using the change of base formula, evaluate log516. 18. Given log, 2 = 0.63 and log, 5 = 1.465, use the laws oflogarithms to evaluate 5 log, -. 2 19. Solve the equation for ()where 0 :s; (}:s; 360:
see
2"
()
-2.9413
20.
x)
Y.
Given the graph of fix): a. Graphy = 3 - 2fix) b. Graph y = fi-x).
83
F-1, F-2, F-3
Exercise 38: Hyperbola

1. Sketch the graphs of the following hyperbolas. a. y2 _ X2
b. 2x2 _ y2
=8
of the centre for the following
2. Sketch the graphs and state the coordinates hyperbolas. a.

.t...- -
v2
X2 - 1 = 0 16
b. -(x + 6)2 + (y + 7)2 9 25
3. Sketch the graphs and state the coordinates hyperbolas. a. X2 - y2 + 4x + 16y - 69 = 0 b. 25x2 - 16y2 - 200x - 96y - 144 4. A hyperbola
of the centre for the following
=0
and one of its asymptotes has
has vertices at (4,0) and (-4,0),
slope ~. Find its equation. 5. Find the equation of the hyperbola whose centre is at (2, 1), one vertex is at (2, -4), and the equation of one asymptote is 5x - 7y = 3. 6. Identify each of the following equations as representing a parabola, ellipse, or hyperbola. State whether the graph is stretched or opens along the x-axis or
y-aXIS.
X2 y2 a. -+-=1 2 8 c. y2 = 12x e. X2 + 4y
b. 2x2 - y2 + 32
=0
=0
ii. Parabola
d. X2 - 2y2 = 4 f. 3x2 + 2y2 = 18

as representing: iii. Ellipse
IV.
7. Identify each of the following equations i. Circle a. X2 + 4y2 - 2x + 32y =-61
Hyperbola
b. 4X2 - y2 + 90x + 8y + 200 = 0 c. 2x2 + 2y2 + 64x - 3y = 400 d. x = y2 + 4y + 2
Continued
84
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
F-1, F-2, F-3

8. a. On the same coordinate system, sketch the graphs of X2 - y2 = 2, X2 and X2 - y2 = O.l. b. Sketch the graph of X2 - y2 = o. Describe this graph in words. 9.
- y2
1,
A rectangle is circumscribed around the ellipse
:6
2
+ ~ = 1, and a circle is
circumscribed around the rectangle. Find the equation of the circle.
10.
P is the point (10, 0). A and B are on the parabola y2 = kx. If the area of L1 AOB is 40, find the value of k.
11. Simplify: 12. Solve for x: In(x + 5) + In 5 = In 65. 13. Express in exponential form: loglo 10000 = 4. 14. Prove the identity: _1_
cos" ()
+ _1_
sin" ()
1
sin" ()- sin" ()
15. In how many ways can 10 examination papers be stacked so that the papers with the highest and lowest scores never come together?
Continued 85
F-1, F-2, F-3

16. Show that log e
-1-. n 10
17. Solve and check: 10g5 + 1) - 10g5 = 10g5 - 3) - 10g56. (x 8 (x 18. Solve the equation cos x + 1 = sin x on [0, 2lr], using technology. a. State your answer(s) to three decimals. b. Examine your answers for part a. What do you suppose the exact answers are? Confirm your guess by checking. 19. Solve the following equation where 0 ~ 8 ~ 360: 3tan28-7sec8
=-5
20. Find the term containing x' in ( 2x' - 2~
86
G-1, G-2
Exercise 39: Sample Spaces

1. Sketch the sample space for each of the following events. a. b. c. d. e. Tossing a coin. Rolling a 6-sided die. Tossing two coins simultaneously. Rolling two 6-sided dice. Tossing three coins simultaneously.
2. A bus is scheduled to arrive at a train station at any time between 07:05 and 07:08 inclusive. A train is scheduled to arrive between 07:07 and 07:09 inclusive. The arrival of a bus at 07:06 and a train at 07:09 can be represented by the point (6, 9). Times are expressed in whole minutes. a. b. c. d. Sketch the sample space for the situation described above. How many points are there in the sample space? How many points have the bus and train arriving at the same time? What is the probability of the bus arriving after the train?
3. Classify the following events as independent or dependent. a. Tossing a coin and rolling a die. b. Cutting a deck of cards, removing a card, cutting the deck again, and drawing another card. c. Rolling a die two consecutive times. d. Selecting a card from a deck of cards, replacing the card, and then selecting another card from the deck. 4. If the probability that an event will occur is P, what is the probability that it will not occur? 5. One card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 cards. What is the probability that a. it will be a jack? b. it will be a club? c. it will be a jack of clubs? 6. A box contains three red balls and seven blue balls. a. If one ball is drawn, what is the probability that it will be red? b. If one ball is drawn, what is the probability that it will be blue? c. What is the sum of these probabilities? Why? 7. In a single cast with two dice, what is the probability that the sum will be a. less than five? b. five or less?
Continued 87
G-1, G-2

8. If one card is drawn from a deck of 52 cards, what is the probability that it will be a jack or higher? (Aces are high cards.) 9. Prove the identity: 1 + 1 l+cosx 1-cosx
= 2csc2x.
10. Solve and check: 10g3 + 10g3 3 X2 x
= 10g316x.
12. Given that 10gb 3 = 0.613 and log, 4 13. In the expansion of (p + q)lO: a. b. c. d.
0.774, find log, 108.
write the first three terms and the last three terms. what is the coefficient of the term containing p7? which term contains q5? how many terms are there in the complete expansion?
14. Complete the square and sketch the graph of: y2 - 12x - 4y + 40 = O. 15. Match each of the equations on the left with one of the geometric figures on the right. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.
y = X2 + 3x - 2 x + y2 = 5 4x2- 9y2 = 36 X2 + y2 + 6x + 8y = 4 y = 3x + 6 6x2 + 5y2 = 30 y = 4 x =3
circle ellipse hyperbola parabola with horizontal axis of symmetry parabola with vertical axis of symmetry vertical line horizontal line oblique line
16. If 20 g of a radioactive material decomposes exponentially to 14 gin 10 days: a. find the half-life of the material. b. find the amount left after 17 days. 17. Find all values of e, 0 ~ a. sine
e ~ 2n such that:
b. tan e = -1.79
= -0.419
Continued 88
G-1, G-2

18. How many ways can 11 people be seated around two circular tables, one with six chairs and the other with five chairs?
2
19. Solve the following equation if the domain is all real numbers: csc ~ csc
1= 4 9
20. If $1200 is invested at 6% compounded semi-annually for 12 years, how much would it be worth?
89
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
G-3
Exercise 40: Probability of Independent and Dependent Events

1. Two cards are drawn from a well-shufiled ordinary deck of 52 cards. Find the probability that they are both aces if the first card is a. replaced. b. not replaced. 2. A fair die is tossed twice. Find the probability of getting a 4, 5, or 6 on the first toss and a 1, 2, 3, or 4 on the second toss. 3. One bag contains four white marbles and two black marbles; another contains three white marbles and five black marbles. If one marble is drawn from each bag, find the probability that a. both are white b. both are black c. one is white and one is black. 4. One card is drawn from a deck of 52 cards. It is then replaced and a second card is drawn from the pack. What is the chance a. that both cards will be red? b. that both cards will be hearts? 5. There are ten tickets in a hat, numbered from 1 to 10. If two tickets are drawn without replacement, what is the probability that the sum of the numbers of them will be odd? 6. If a coin is tossed three times, what is the probability that it does not fall "tails" all three times? 7. A business woman wrote three letters and addressed three corresponding envelopes. Her secretary put the letters in the envelopes without checking the addresses. What is the probability that each letter was placed in its correct envelope? 8. Write the first four terms of(2x3 -3y2f. 9. If a box contains two red, three white, and four blue marbles, what is the probability that a marble drawn will be red or white? 10. A box contains five yellow candies and seven black candies. Only two candies are drawn from the box. What is the probability that the two candies will both be yellow or both be black?
Continued
90
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
G-3
Exercise 40: Probability of Independent and Dependent Events

11. Sketch a sample space for rolling two 4-sided dice. 12. Give an example of two dependent events. 13. What is the probability of getting an odd number on a single throw of a 6-sided die? 14. What is the probability of getting a face card on a single cut of a deck of cards? 15. Find (to two decimal places) the area of the circle whose equation is:
X2 + y2 _ 8x - 4y + 19 = O.
16. Solve for x: 42x= 2x(x-2). 17. Compare the graphs of fix) = 2X and g(x) = 4(2X).
19. Find the middle term and the next term in (2 x _ 3 2x 20. Simplify: eln3-ln2
--;)10
91
Cumulative Exercises G-3
Exercise 41: Combining Probabilities

1. If the probability of winning a game is J:.., what is the probability of not winning the game? 31 2. A shootout consists of Teams A and B taking alternate shots on goal. The first team to score wins. Team A has a probability of 0.3 of scoring with anyone shot. Team B has a probability of 0.4 of scoring with anyone shot. a. If Team A shoots first, what is the probability of Team B winning on its first shot? b. If Team A shoots first, what is the probability of Team A winning on its third shot? 3. What is the probability of drawing a face card on a single cut of a deck of cards? 4. What is the probability of getting a sum greater than nine on a single throw of two dice? 5. A bag contains four red candies and seven black ones. Two candies are drawn from the bag. What is the probability that they will both be red if the first candy is eaten before the second one is drawn? 6. What is the probability of getting a king or a red card on a single cut of a standard deck of 52 cards? 7. What is the probability of rolling a five with a die and tossing a head with a coin? 8. What is the probability of two children in a two-child family both being girls? 9. What is the probability of drawing a red card and then a black card out of a deck of 52 playing cards if the first card is not replaced before the second card is drawn? 10. A track coach buys three stopwatches. a. If one out of every 200 stopwatches is defective, what is the probability that all three of the new stop watches are defective? b. What is the probability that all three work properly? 11. Sketch the graph of 4x2 - 9y2 + 32x + 18y + 91 = O.
Continued 92
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics G-3

12. A bag contains five red balls and seven black balls. A ball is drawn from the bag, replaced, and then a second ball is drawn. Are these events independent or dependent? 13. Determine the probability p for each of the following events: a. an odd number appears in a single toss of a fair die. b. an ace, ten of diamonds, or two of spades appears in drawing a single card from a well-shuffled, ordinary deck of 52 cards. c. a tail appears in the next toss of a coin if, out of 100 tosses, 56 were heads. 14. Solve the equation for 0 ~ 8 ~ 21r. Give exact values for 8. tan28 = sec8 + 1 15. Match each of the geometric figures below on the left with one of the equations on the right. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.
l.
circle parabola hyperbola ellipse semi-parabola horizontal line vertical line oblique line a V-shaped figure
+ 2y2 = 6 4x - 2y + 5 = 0
y=x2-2x+3 X2 _ y2 = x=3 X2 + y2 y
3x2
=4
=Ixl
y-2=0 y
=.JX
16. Solve: log, x = O. cosx sinx 1. P rovet he iden tit y: -----=--ei 1 7 cscx tanx sinx-1 secx
Continued 93
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
G-3

18. Find the area of the shaded region.
19. Find the term containing -;. in

X
(2X7 _
3
~JI0
2x
20. Write 500 as a power of 11.
94
Exercise 42: Conditional Probability I

1. A student randomly selects one of the following three boxes with the number of coloured marbles indicated:
a
3 red 2 blue
b.
3 red 3 blue
c.
2 red 3 blue
She then selects a marble at random from that box. What is the probability that the marble will be red? 2. In room 1 there are 12 boys and eight girls. In room 2 there are seven boys and nine girls. If I select a student at random from one of the rooms, what is the probability that the student is a girl? 3. There are two boxes. Box 1 contains two red marbles and one green marble. Box 2 contains one red marble and one blue marble. A box is selected at random and then a marble is selected from that box. What is the probability that the marble is red?
...
4. Urn I contains five red, three white, and two blue marbles. Urn II contains three red and seven blue marbles. We throw a die to determine which urn to select. If the die shows a "I" or "2", we use Urn I, otherwise Urn II. A marble is drawn at random from the chosen urn. Find PfR), pew), PCB). 5. There are three urns, I, II, III. Urn I contains three chips, numbered 1, 2, 3. Urn II contains two chips, numbered 1, 2. Urn III contains two chips, numbered 2, 4. An urn is chosen at random and a chip is drawn at random. What is the probability that the chip drawn is numbered 2? 6. Referring to exercise 5: a. find P(chip has an even number). b. find P(chip has a number less than three). 7. Seeing two gum machines, a boy doesn't know which to use. He flips a coin to decide. It happens that machine A gives three pieces with probability! piece with probability: . Machine B gives one or two pieces equally ' and one
often. Find the probabilities that the boy receives one, two, or three pieces.
Continued 95

8. Kate and Jane playa simple game. Kate has two disks, each one red on one side and green on the other. Jane has one such disk. At a given signal, Jane and Kate each put a disk on the table. If they show the same colour, Kate takes them both; if the colours are different, Jane takes both of them. They play until one player has no more disks or until they have compared disks three times. a. Make a tree to show the progress of the game. b. We know that the probability that Jane wins any particular play is .!.. Find the probability that Jane wins the game. 2 c. Find the probability that Kate wins. d. Find the probability that neither wins. 9. How many five-card hands can be dealt from a deck of 52 so that a. four of the cards have the same face value? b. three of the cards have the same face value and the other two have different face values? 10. Solve for x: 7% 1 = 343. + 11. A bag contains five red marbles, six blue marbles, and seven yellow marbles. a. Sketch a sample space for drawing two marbles from the bag. b. Does it make a difference to the sample space if the marble is replaced or not after each trial? c. If each marble is not replaced, are the events dependent or independent? d. What is the probability that the first marble out of the bag is red or blue? 12. If the probability that the Blackhawks will win the Stanley Cup is ~ and that the Maple Leafs will win the Cup is 4 , what is the probability thateither 9 Hawks or the Leafs will win the Cup? 13. If the probability of Man of War winning a race is
7
the
..!.
and the probability of
Citation winning the same race is ~, what is the p~obability that either Man of War or Citation will win this race? 14. What is the probability that neither of the horses mentioned will win the race in question 13?
Continued 96
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
G-4

15. Complete the following: a. If A and B are mutually exclusive events, then P(AAND B) = b. If A represents the complement of A, then P(A)+ P(A) = c. For two independent events A and B, peA and then B) = d. For two dependent events A and B, peA and then B) = 16. Sketch the graph of: 25x2 - 49y2 - 150x - 196y - 1196 = O. 17. Prove this identity: see e - tan 18. Solve and check: log, 25 = -2. 19. If log2(cos x) = log3(~) and 0 ::;; ::;; find the value(s) of x. e 2Jr, 20. What is the sum of the angles in a 10-sided polygon?
_ _
_ _
e sin e = cos e.
97
G-4
Exercise 43: Conditional Probability II

1. Twin brothers, Ed and Jim, deliver the evening newspaper six nights a week. Ed delivers on two nights, chosen at random, and Jim on the other nights. Thej ride by a house on their bicycles and throw the newspaper onto the porch. The probability that Ed hits the door is 3 , and the probability that Jim hits the
5
door is ~. One night, while Mr. Jones is watching TV before dinner, he hears 10 a paper crash against the door. He sighs to Mrs. Jones, It must be Ed's night with the papers. What is the probability that he is right? 2. A factory has four machines producing axe handles. Machine I produces 30% of the output; machine II produces 25%; machine III produces 20%; and machine IV produces the rest. Defective handles produced by each machine are 5%, 4%, 3%, and 2%, respectively. A handle chosen at random from the total output of the factory is examined and found to be defective. What is the probability that it was made by machine I? 3. In a two-year college, 60% of the students are freshmen, and 40% are sophomores. Of the freshmen, 70% are boys. Of the sophomores, 80% are boys. A student is chosen at random. Find the probability that the student is a. a girl. b. a freshmen, given that a girl was chosen. 4. It is known that 10% of a population has a certain disease. A blood test for the disease gives a correct diagnosis 95% of the time. The test is equally reliable for persons with or without the disease. What is the probability that a person whose blood test shows the disease actually has the disease? 5. Seeing two gum machines, a boy doesn't know which to use. He flips a coin to decide. It happens that machine A gives three pieces with probability.!
5
and one piece
with probability 4 . Machine B gives one or two pieces equally often. The boy 5 uses one machine without noticing which one. He receives one piece of gum. What is the probability that he used machine A? 6. There are three urns, I, II, III. Urn I contains three chips, numbered 1, 2, 3. Urn II contains two chips, numbered 1, 2. Urn III contains two chips, numbered 2, 4. An urn is chosen at random and a chip is drawn. What is the probability that Urn II was selected, given that the chip drawn is numbered "2"?
Continued 98

7. The probability that Jane will be on time for her math class on Day 1 is
.!..
4
However, if she is on time one day, she is less concerned about punctuality the next day and the probability of punctuality is
.!.. If she is late

2
one day she makes
a greater effort the next day and the probability of punctuality is ~. If Jane is 4 on time on Monday, find the probability that she is on time on Wednesday. 8. Solve for x: eln(4x
- 1)
7.
9. Graph: Y=3CO{X10. Solve for x:
~}
= 243.
a= -
4)
11. The probability that Gallant Fox will win the first race is 2 and that Nashua 5 will win the second race is .!.. What is the probability that both horses will win their respective races? 3 12. What is the probability that both horses mentioned in question 11 will not win their respective races? 13. What is the probability of drawing any ace or the queen of hearts from a deck of cards? 14. Here is a game you might play. An urn contains seven red and three green balls. You are to select a ball, note its colour, and replace it. Your opponent is then to select a ball. R, is the event that you select red; R, is the event that your opponent selects red; Gy is the event that you select green, etc. You win if the ball your opponent selects has the same colour as the ball you selected. What is your probability of winning? Make a tree diagram of possible outcomes. 15. Graph fix)
= log, (X2)
and state the domain, range, intercepts, and asymptotes.
16. Solve and check: 1 - log(x - 4) = log(x + 5).
Continued 99
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
G-4

17. The area of the ellipse
:2
2
+ ~ = 1 is given by ttab, What is the area of the
ellipse 25x2 + 9y2 - 225 = O? 18. This is the graph of fix). Make a graph of g(x)
= 2fix
+ 1) - 2.
19. Prove the identity: sin( a - fJ) cos fJ + cos(a - fJ) sin fJ = sin a. 20. If.!< loglo X < 2, what are the possible values for x?
2
100
Exercise 44: Probability Using Permutations and Combinations

1. What is the probability of holding all four aces in a five-card hand dealt from a standard 52-card deck? 2. Three people form a lineup at the grocery store. What is the probability that they line up in descending order of age? 3. A committee of five people is to be selected from 10 males and eight females. What is the probability that there are exactly three males on the committee? 4. A family of five children is known to have at least two girls. What is the probability of this family having exactly four girls? 5. Five books, each of a different colour, including one red and one green book, are placed on a shelf. What is the probability of the red book being at one end and the green book at the other? 6. Nine horses are entered in a race. What is the probability of choosing the first, second, and third place finishes in order? 7. The school yearbook is to be produced by a committee of two boys and three girls, chosen by lot from five boys and six girls. One of the boys is the boyfriend of one of the girls. What is the probability that both will be chosen to be on the committee? 8. What is the probability of getting exactly four face cards when drawing five cards from a standard deck of cards? 9. If the letters in TORONTO are rearranged, what is the probability that the Ts are together? 10. If all the letters in BANANAare rearranged, what is the probability that the Ns are not together? 11. A ball is drawn at random from a box containing six red balls, four white balls, and five blue balls. Determine the probability that it is a. red d. not red b. white e. red or white c. blue
Continued 101
Exercise 44: Probability Using Permutations and Combinations

12. The probability that Tony will purchase a house in Winnipeg is 2. The 9 probability that if he moves to Winnipeg he will marry Angelina is JL. What is 20 the probability that Tony will settle in Winnipeg and marry Angelina? 13. What is the probability of rolling a three or a five with one roll of a die? 14. John is writing a math test. He estimates that the probability of getting the answer to the next question correct if the previous one was correct is 4. However, 5 if the previous answer was wrong, the probability of getting the next answer correct is only 2. If the probability of getting the answer to the first question 5 correct is ~, find
4
a. the probability that the answer to the second question is correct. b. the probability that the answer to the third question is correct.
15 . P rove t his identi IS 1 entity: tan" x + 1
tan z + 1
( 5)2
= sec2 x (+
y
tan x.
16. Sketch the graph of: x ;6 17. Solve for

(J
64
1)2
1.
(J
over the real number set for: tan"
+ 4 sin
(J
= see" (J -
2.
18. Alaine wishes to invest $8000 for five years so that she will have a final amount of $12 500. If the money is compounded semi-annually, what interest rate is required for this investment? 19. There are 20 students in a senior class who need to register for a science class. Unfortunately, there are only eight spaces left in biology, six in physics, and six in chemistry. How many ways can the classes be filled? 20. Use the change of base formula to evaluate the logarithm to six decimal places: log, 92
, 102.
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
H-l
Exercise 45: Geometric Sequences

1. For each sequence below, indicate whether it is geometric, arithmetic,
or neither. If it is geometric, give the value of r (the common ratio) and if it is arithmetic, give the value of d (the common difference). a. 4, 6, 8, 10, ... b. 3, 6, 12, 24, ... e. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ... . function fix) c. 18, 15, 12, 9, .
d. 80, 40, 20, 10,

g. 1, -5, 25, -125,
f. 2,
-fB,
4,
-/32, .
2. Consider the exponential of sequence is this?
= 3x
Find fi1), fi2), fi3), fi4). What type
3. Write the first three terms of the geometric sequences generated following exponential functions: a. fix) = 2
X
by each of the
b. g(x)
= 4x-
c. hex)
= 23x
d. F(x) = 16(~J
4. Write exponential sequences: a. 4, 8, 16, 32, ... c.
functions which generate
each of the following geometric
1, -2, 4, -8, 16, ... th
b. 6, 18, 54, 162, ... 5 5 d. 10,5, 2' 4' ...
5. a. Find the 8
term of the sequence 3, 6, 12, 24, ...
b. Find the nth term of the above sequence. 6. A sum of $10 000 is invested at 6% compounded annually.
a. What is the value of the investment at the end of years 1, 2, 3? b. What is the value of the investment at the end of year n? c. How many years will it take for the investment to double?
7. If a, b, c form a geometric sequence, show that log a, log b, and log c form an
arithmetic sequence.
8. What is the value of 61og6 17? 9. If 0 < k <

it,
and log( cos k)
log 3 - log 4 , find k. 2 that their sum will be
10. If two dice are thrown together, what is the probability greater than eight?
Continued
103
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
H-1

11. Find the value of csc8if tan 8 > 0, and cos8 = _15.
17
12. Match each of the equations on the left with one of the geometric figures on the right. a. X2 + y2 - 2x + 6y = 0 b. ellipse circle parabola semi-parabola hyperbola line
X2 y2
4 - 9= 1
=
1
c. 2x(x + 3) = y d. ~ + L 2 3
e. 3x2 + 2y2 - 5 = 0 f. y=.,,)x-2
13. A bucket contains five white balls and three black ones. Two balls are drawn. a. If the first ball is not replaced before the second one is drawn, what is the probability that one will be white and one will be black? b. If the first ball is replaced before the second one is drawn, what is the probability that one will be white and one will be black? 14. An unusual genetic trait occurs in 0.1% of the population. The reliability ofa test to discover the trait is: if the person has the trait then the test is positive 95% of the time, but the test is also positive 2% of the time for those who do not have the trait. a. Construct a tree diagram to represent the population and the reliability for the genetic trait. b. If a person is selected at random, what is the probability that will test positive? c. If a person is selected at random, what is the probability that will have the trait and test positive? d. If a person is selected at random, what is the probability that who tests positive has the trait? .. sin38+csc38 15. Prove the identity: sinfl+ csc8 . = sin'' 8 + cot"8. testing the person the person the person
16. Solve and verify: log7(2x+ 2) - log7(x- 1) = log7(x+ 1).

Continued
104
H-1

17. Solve the equation for ()where 0 ~ ()~ 2n: 4 cos()+ 1 _ 2 cos()- 1 = 1
18. Given fix) as per diagram:
-5
Find an equation which represents the function fix). 19. True or false? (Show your proofl) logs 2"
b a
= logs a-2log5
20. a. How many bracelets can be made by putting six different-coloured beads on a ring if 10 different colours are available? b. How many are there if the red and green beads must be used?
105
Cumulative Exercises H-2
Exercise 46: Geometric Series

1. For each of the following, write the series in expanded form and find its sum.
5
6 4
a. L2k k=l 2. Write L 12(2)k-3 and L3(2k) k=2 k=l

5 4
c. L(2k-4)
d. L2k
k=l
k=l
in expanded form. What do you observe?
3. Write the following series using sigma notation.

a. 3 + 9 + 27 + 81
c. 3 + 6 + 12 + 24 + 48
b. 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + 14 + 16 + 18 + 20 d. -1 + 4 - 9 + 16 - 25 + 36
4. Examine the series in question 1 above. Which of these series are arithmetic? Which are geometric? 5. Consider the sequence 3, 6, 12, 24, ... a. Find the 8th term. b. Find the sum of eight terms. 6. Consider the geometric sequence with t1
1000 and r
1.05.
a. Write the first three terms. b. Find the sum of the first 20 terms, expressing your answer to two decimal places. 7. Find the sum of the first 10 terms for each of the following series. If the numerical answer is not an integer, state it accurate to two decimal places.
a. 1 + 2 + 4 + ... b. 128 + 64 + 32 + ... 8 3
c. 8 + 12 + 18 + 27 + ...
d. 24 + 8 + - + ...
17
8. Evaluate L8(1.2)k k=3 10. Find the probability of:
6 15 9. Evaluate L-k k=12
a. getting a card lower than a six on a single cut of a deck of cards. b. getting a sum of five on a single throw of two dice. c. getting four heads on four successive tosses of a coin.
Continued 106
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics H-2
Exercise 46: Geometric Series

11. In earlier mathematics courses, you learned that the sum of an arithmetic series is: S
20
=
1)
n (t1 + tn). Use this to find:

2
40
a. I(3k+
k=l
b. I(2k-6)
k=4
12. Which of the following pairs of events would you classify as independent? a. b. c. d. Rolling a die and cutting a deck of cards. A worker is well trained. A worker meets the production quota. Two consecutive tosses of a coin. Drawing two balls from a bag of seven red balls and three blue balls if the first ball is not replaced before the second draw.
1)
13. Solve for x: 3(52x 14. Graph fix)
75.
= -log(x
- 3). State the domain, range, intercepts, and asymptotes.

. = sm
2
he . sin x cos 5 1. P rove tel identity: --+-- x cscx secx 16. Solve and check:
31og24
x+cos 2 x.
= x.
17. A circle has its centre in Quadrant I and cuts the x-axis at (1,0) and (7,0). If the centre lies four units above the x-axis, find the equation of the circle.
18. a. Find the first three terms of
(2~2_
4x
b. Find the first term that does not have an x in the denominator. 19. How many five-card hands can be formed from a deck of 52 cards with only one pair the same and the other three cards having different face values? 20. Solve and check: log(2x + 1) -log(x + 3) = o.
107
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
H-3
Exercise 47: Infinite Geometric Series

1. Consider the series 4 + 2 + 1+ .!. + ...
2
a. b. c. d.
Find the sixth term. Find the sum of six terms. Find, to four decimal places, the sum of 10 terms. Find the sum to infinity.
2. Find the sum for each of the infinite geometric series: 8 8 a. 8+-+-+ ... 3 9 8 c. 6+4+ 3 + ... 3. Find:
a.
b. 6-3+---+ 2 4 111 d. 1--+---+ 248
... ...
L-k 2
k=1
~ 16
b.
f 1~
k=23
4. A 4-by-4 square is divided into four congruent squares. The bottom left square is shaded. The top right square is divided into four congruent squares and the bottom left is shaded. This process is repeated indefinitely. What is the total area shaded?
1111111111111
5. A square measures 4 by 4. The midpoint of its sides are joined to form a new square. This process is continued indefinitely. What is the sum of the perimeter of all the squares?
Continued
108
H-3

6. ~ ABC is a right triangle with L. A = 30, L. C = 60, and BC = 10. A flea at B travels along a line perpendicular to AC. When it reaches AC, it turns and travels back to AB, taking the perpendicular route. It travels back and forth between AB and AC in this manner until it reaches A. How far does it travel?
7. A ball is dropped from a height of two metres. Each time it strikes the ground, it rises three-quarters of the distance it has fallen. a. How far does it rise after it strikes the ground the third time? b. How far does it travel before it comes to rest? 8. Find: b.
L 15(1.6t
k=2
10
9. An organization sets up a telephone tree. Each employee phones exactly two other employees. How many levels (see diagram) are needed to reach all 1000 employees?
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 3
10. If a, b, c form an arithmetic sequence, prove that 2a, 2b, 2 is a geometric sequence.
C
11. On a single cut of a deck of cards, what is the probability of getting a heart or a queen?
12.
Five men check their coats at a wedding reception but lose their tickets. If the coats are handed out in a random way, what is the probability that each gets his own coat? Sketch the graph of f(x) range.
13.
= 3(2.>:-2)-
1. State the intercepts, the domain, and
Continued 109
Cumulative Exercises H-3

_~ 1
14. Express in logarithm form: 81
= -.
15. Prove that sin20+ sin40+ sin60+ ... = tan20. 16. A multiple choice test has 20 questions with five choices for each question. If a student guesses every answer, what is the probability of getting 18 out of 20 on the test? 17. Solve and verify. Express your answer to one decimal place.
18. Solve the equation for 0 where 0 $ 0 $ 360: -J3 - tan 40
= O.
19. Complete the square and sketch the graph of: X2 - 9y2 + 6x 20. Solve for x: log7(x + 1) + log7(x - 5) = 1.
= O.
110
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
Exercise 48: Review I

1. A committee of five shareholders is to be chosen by lot from seven men and five women. What is the probability that the committee will consist of three men and two women?
2. If a coin is tossed twice, what is the probability that it will land on "tails" both
times? If two coins are tossed simultaneously, both show "tails"? 3. For a given what is the probability they will
e, cot e > 0 and
sine
=-
172 ' find sec e.
4. Find the probability of cards. 5. Prove the identity:
of getting a face card or a heart on a single cut of a deck tan x 2 1+ secx + = tanx sin x 1 + secx
6. Solve and check: log,
Vi6 = x. =
1 2
"2ln 4 + SIn 8.
7. Solve and check: In x

X
8. Graph y = 2 and find the domain, range, zeroes, and y-interceptts). ~ (log, A + 3 log, B) - 2 (logs C + log, D).
9. Write as a single logarithm: 10. Given that log, 2 and r. 11.
= p,
log, 3
= q,
and log, 5
= r, find
log, ~~ in terms of p, q,
y = fix)
Multiple Choice. The diagram at the left represents

the right represents
= fix). The diagram
at
a. v = I fix)
b. y=filxl)
c. y=-fix)
d. y=fi-x)
Continued
111
Exercise 48: Review I
12. The sum of an infinite geometric series is 30. If the common ratio is the first term. 13. Find the centre of the ellipse
2X2
!,
find
+ 3y2 - 6x + 18y - 12 = O.
14. a. How many arrangements can be made using all the letters in the word CHEESE? b. If one of these arrangements is chosen at random, what is the probability that it starts and ends with an E? 15.
4
-4
Write an equation for this curve using a. the cosine function. b. the sine function.
5 25 125 16. Consider the geometric series: -1 + 4 - 16 + 64 - ... Sue said that the sum to infinity was four. Do you agree? Explain. 3 17. Express 5" revolutions in a. degrees. 18. Ifsina= b. radians.
3 rr 5 tt 5",0 < a < 2' and sinf3= 13,0 < f3 < 2' find cos(a + f3).
19. You are dealt a seven-card hand. What is the probability that it consists of two pairs and three of a kind? For example, one hand could be two kings, two 3s and three 7s. Do not simplify your answer. 20. Find an exact value for (tan rr +cos rr)sin 7rr. 363
112
Exercise 49: Review II

1. a. Give a sample space which describes the result of tossing a coin four times. b. Use the sample space to find the probability of getting at least three tails when a coin is tossed four times. 2. Prove the identity: tanx + 1 1- tanx
sinx + C?sx. cosx - smx
3. Four cards are dealt from a standard deck of 52 cards. Find the probability that the hand contains exactly two face cards. 4. A square has vertices (-4, 1), (2, 1), (2, 7), (-4, 7). Find the equation of the circle which is inscribed in this square. 5. Find the solution(s) and check. log5(x2 + 2x + 5) - log5(x - 5)
=2
6. Find the exact values of ()for the equation where 0 ~ ()~ 21t. tan'' ()= tan () 7. Solve for ()over the real numbers: tan" ()- see()- 1 = 8. Write an equation representing this semicircle:
y.
o.
9. Use the laws of logarithms to write as a natural logarithm: {(x) = x-J X2 + 1 10. Find the values of ()for the equation whose domain is all real numbers: 2 sin'' ()- sin ()= 3 11. If two dice are thrown together, what is the probability that they will give a sum of eight?
Continued 113
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
Exercise 49: Review II
12. Solve for x:
(%T
8.
13. a. A die is thrown twice. What is the probability of throwing a five first and then a four? b. A die is thrown twice. What is the probability that one throw will give a five and the other a four? 14. Evaluate: log 1 32.
2
15. Prove this identity: tan a + cot a = sec a csc a. 16. Solve and check: 31og3 x
= 4.
17. Rewrite the expression in a form with no logarithms of products, quotients, or powers:
18. a. On the same set of axes, draw the graphs of the equations 2X2 + y2 = 13. b. Verify your answer by solving the system algebraically.
X2
+ y2
= 9 and
19. a. How many ways can 11 children sit in a row if three good friends must be together? b. How many ways could this be done in a circle? 20. Sketch the graph of: a. y = log2x 21. If P(8) = (-3-'
-~
-3-)'
--fil
find the exact value of sin(8 + n).
114
Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
Exercise 50: Review III

10
1. FlndI~.
24 2 = 1.
k=3
2. Solve -J2x+ 1--Jx+4
3. Sketch the graph of I x I + Iy 1=4. 3 4. If 00 < 8 < 1800, and cos8 = - -, find exact values for: 4 a. sin28 b. cos28 5. The line x + y = 8 intersects the circle (x - 1)2+ y2 = 25 at points A and B. Find the coordinates of these points. 6. If C is the centre of the circle in question 5, find the measure of L ACB to the nearest tenth of a degree. 7. For a period of its life, a tree grows according to the formula D = Doekt where D is the diameter in centimetres of the tree t years after the beginning of the period. After two years, the diameter of the tree is 15.62 cm. After five years, the diameter is 21.724 cm. Find the value of Do and k. 8. Find log, 200. (Express your answer with four decimal places of accuracy.) 9. How many digits are there in the number 45362? 10. Solve for 0 :::;; 2n: sin 8 + 2 sin 8 cos8 = O. 8:::;; 11. Write and simplify the first three terms in the binomial expansion Of(2x _ ~
y)7.
12. Three boys and three girls are sitting on a bench. How many arrangements are possible if the sexes must alternate?
Continued
115
Mathematics
Cumulative
Exercises
Exercise 50: Review III

14. Consider a geometric sequence where t3 = 16 and t5 = 10. a. Find r.
ee
b. Find
L/k.
k=l
Give your answer accurate to two decimal places.
16. Suppose a, b, and c form a geometric sequence. If abc = 8, find b. Is it possible to find a and c?
18. How many four-letter "words" can be formed using four of the letters from the word CANADIAN? 19. If logM = x and log.M = y, prove that logabM=~. 2cos28 = cot 8 - tan 8. sin 28
x+y
20. Prove that
116

Grade 12 Cumulative Exercises

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SENIOR 4 PRE-CALCULUS MATHEMATICS CUMULATIVE EXERCISES

A Supplement to A Foundation for Implementation

Manitoba Education and Training Cataloguing in Publication Data

Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics

*Until June 1998

**Until June 1999

*Until June 1998

**Until June 1999

Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics

Outcome(s) A-I A-2 A-3 7 A-4 A-5 A-6 B-1

Special Angles and the Trigonometric Functions

B-2 B-3 B-4 B-5, B-6

Graphing Absolute Values

Practice with Transformations

B-6 B-7 C-l C-l

Transformations with Trig Functions Trigonometric Identities I Trigonometric Identities II 33 35 37 39

C-2 C-2 C-2 D-l D-2

Solve Exponential Equations

New Topic Presented Logarithmic Functions Logarithmic Theorems I Logarithmic Theorems II 48 50

Applications of the Exponential Function Counting Principles 63

Permutation with Repetitions and Restrictions Permutations 67 69 71

E-2 E-2 E-3

Permutations with Case Restrictions Combinations

Permutations, Combinations, and Binomial Theorem 78 Parabola 80

Circle and Ellipse Hyperbola 84

Probability of Independent and Dependent Events Combining Probabilities Conditional Probability I

Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics

New Topic Presented

Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics

Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics

Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics

Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics A-1

Exercise 1: Degree and Radian Measure

Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics

Exercise 1: Degree and Radian Measure

14. Find an integral value of x for which 3x-2

18. a. Completely factor x3 + 2X2 b. Solve: x3 + 2X2 - 3x = o.

Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics A-2

Exercise 2: The Unit Circle

in which p(e) lies. d. Un

4. Determine the quadrant(s) conditions: a. sin

in which the point P(8) will lie under the following

3' y ) is a point on the unit circle in quadrant

IV, find the value of y.

7. The point P( e) on the unit circle is not in Quadrant value of cos e.

8 1 7' find the

find tan e. Rationalize the denominator

(.J5 -5- J on t h e unit CITC I? .. 5' 2.J5 e.

Exercise 2: The Unit Circle

= 34, BC = 4, and AC = 3. Find AB. How many = 4.

+7, find x so thatf(x)

+ 3, find k so that fik + 2) = k + fik).

18. Factor completely: X4

19. Factor the following and solve for x: 12x2 - 25x + 12 =

Exercise 3: Special Angles and the Trigonometric Functions

2. Find the exact value for each of the following: a. cos 45

3. Find the exact value for each of the following: a. (sin(

-l:n ))- 20n)-( l!n)

b. (tan 2; Hcos(-!~)) 3;)( tan 5:) +(sin

5. Given that tan

b. n ~ e 2 6. Find the value(s) for a. sine = c. tan

satisfy the following:

b. cose=sin e < 0 d. cose