Condition:

Hypovolemia

Abnormally low volume of body fluid in intravascular and interstitial Causes: Vomiting Diarrhea Fever Excess sweating Burns Bleeding Diabetes insipidus Diabetes mellitus Third spacing burns or trauma Decreased intake Acute weight loss Thirst, weakness, dizziness, muscle cramps Decreased skin turgor Oliguria Concentrated urine Weak, rapid pulse Cap refill elongated Decreased BP Hypotension Sunken eyeballs Depressed fontanels Dehydration Renal failure Hyponatremia Increased HCT (fluid loss makes # of RBCs higher) Increased BUN (concentrated Urea nitrogen in blood) High serum osmolality (plasma concentration) High urine osmolality (urine concentration) Increased specific gravity (particles in urine/urine is more concentrated) Decreased urine volume, dark in color

Manifestations:

Complications: Labs:

Diagnostic Testing: BUN- High HCT- High Serum electrolyte Urine specific gravity- High (fixed in renal failure) Drug Therapy: Isotonic solution (0.9% NS or LR) until BP normal Then, Hypotonic (0.45% NS)

Nutritional Therapy: Nursing Interventions: Prevent/correct fluid volume before renal failure occurs Encourage fluids IV fluids Monitor I/O, urine specific gravity, daily weights Monitor skin turgor Monitor vital signs and mental status Check mucous membranes, neck veins, peripheral pulses