Automatic gate light, Call bell system

This circuit may used to automatically switch ON a light at the entrance gate to premises, at night, by sensing the presence of a person. In addition, it sounds a musical bell to signify the presence of a person. The lamp is switched ON only for a short interval to save electricity. This circuit has two stages: a transmitting unit and a sensing unit. This transmitting unit consisting of a point bulb and lens to focus the light. The transmitting unit emits a beam of light. This beam falls on LDR1. LDR1 offers a very low resistance. Voltage at pin 2 of IC 1 and IC 2 is more than 1/3 Vcc, so that its output goes low.
When any person tries to enter the gate, the light beam falling on the LDR1 is momentarily interrupted. As a result IC 1, configured as monostable flip-flop, gets a trigger pulse at its trigger input 2. Its out goes high for a predetermined time period. The period can be adjusted by varying the value of resister R1 or capacitor C1 as T=1.1*R1*C1 sec.

Output pulse from IC 1 forward biases the transistor T1. As a result the musical bell is switched ON. The musical bell is built around IC 2(UM 66). The output from IC 2 is amplified by transistor T2 to drive an 8-ohm, 500mW-load speaker. IC 2 is also gets trigger pulse at its trigger input when IC 1 gets trigger at its trigger input because trigger input pin 2 of IC 1 and IC 2 are shorted. Therefore its out goes high for a predetermined time period. The period can be adjusted by varying the value of resister R2 or capacitor C2 as T=1.1*R2*C2 sec. Output pulse from IC 2 forward biases transistor T3 and relay R1 is energized, but the bulb is switched ON only at night. An LDR based circuit is used to switch ON the bulb at night only. The bulb is switched ON when relay R1 and R2 are energized. Relay R1 and R2 are connected in series with bulbs to the power supply. Two relays are like two switches of the bulb. During day time LDR offers a very low resistance, and thus the voltage pin 2 of IC 4 is more than 1/3 Vcc, so that its output goes low and the relay R2 is de-energized. These results in opening of power supply contact to the bulbs and thus switching OFF the bulbs. During the night time the dark resistance of LDR is very high, and thus the voltage at pin 2 of IC 4 is less than 1/3 Vcc, so that its output goes low and the relay RL 2 is de-energized. These results in shorting of power supply contact to the bulbs and thus switches ON the bulbs.