DYB 654: ADVANCED STEEL

STRUCTURES - II
Assoc Prof Blent AKBA
Assoc.Prof.Blent

CrownHallatIITCampus
Chicago.Illinois
LudwigMiesvanderRohe

Department of Earthquake and

St t l Engineering
Structural
E i
i

Composite Beams
and
d Shear
Sh
St d
Studs

CompositeBeamsandShearStuds

Composite Beams
NominalBendingStrengthofFullyCompositeBeams
NominalBendingStrengthofFullyCompositeBeams
ElasticBehaviorandMomentofInertiaofCompositeBeamsforDeflection
Elastic Behavior and Moment of Inertia of Composite Beams for Deflection
Calculation

Composite Beams

Composite Beams

Composite Beams

Composite Beams

Composite Beams

Composite Beams

Composite Beams

NominalBending (Flexural)Strength ofFully Composite Beams

NominalBending (Flexural)Strength ofFully Composite Beams

b
hr

tc=Yconhr

Ycon

Concrete below the topofthe

top of the
deck isneglected

deck ribs perpendicular (beam)

b
hr

tc=Yconhr/2

Ycon

average thickness canbeused

deck ribs parallel (girder)

Figure .Effective slab depth

NominalBending (Flexural)Strength ofFully Composite Beams

0.85 f c'

tc=YYconh
hr
hr Y2

C = 0.85 f c'ba ((compression)

p
)

e
d

PNA
(plastic neutral axis)

In this case the concrete

compression flange thickness a
isless than the slab thickness

T = f y As (tension)

Fy
Y2=Ycona/2

PNAinconcrete slab

M n = Ce = Te

NominalBending (Flexural)Strength ofFully Composite Beams

b

0.85 f c'

tc=Yconhr
hr Y2

Y1

Cc = 0.85 f c' Ac (compression)

C fl = b f Y1 Fy (compression)

PNA

(plastic neutral axis)

Tb = f y Ast = f y As b f Y1 Fy (tension)

Fy

Ac = ab

Y2=Ycona/2

PNA within beam flange

PNAwithin
Y1 =

Fy As 0.85 f c' Ac
2b f Fy

Y
2

d
2

b M n = b [(0.85 f c' Ac (Y1 + Y2 ) + 2b f FyY1 ( 1 ) + As Fy ( Y1 )]

b = 0.90

NominalBending (Flexural)Strength ofFully Composite Beams

b

0.85 f c'

tc=Yconhr
hr Y2

C fl (compression)

Y1
d

Cc = 0.85 f c' Ac (compression)

Cw (compression)

PNA
PNA

Tb (tension)

(plastic neutral axis)

Fy
Y2=Ycona/2

PNA within beam web

PNAwithin
Y1 =

f y As 0.85 f c' Ac 2b f t f Fy
2t w Fy

+tf

b M n = b [(0.85 f c' Ac (Y1 + Y2 ) + 2b f t f Fy (Y1

tf
2

) + 2t w Fy (Y1 t f )(

Y1 t f
2

d
) + As Fy ( Y1 )]
2
b = 0.90

NominalBending (Flexural)Strength ofFully Composite Beams

NominalBending (Flexural)Strength ofFully Composite Beams

(MPa)
21 MPa
21MPa
21MPa

42MPa
525MPa

70 MPa
70MPa

NominalBending (Flexural)Strength ofFully Composite Beams

kN
kN

tension area

NominalBending (Flexural)Strength ofFully Composite Beams

Example

2250mm

28MPa

82.5mm

120mm

37.5mm

16 26
16x26

23.2mm

+Ycona/2=308mm
/

382kNm

250MP
250MPa

2
4,960mm
4
960

399
399mm

NominalBending (Flexural)Strength ofPartially Composite Beams

NominalBending (Flexural)Strength ofPartially Composite Beams

NominalBending (Flexural)Strength ofPartially Composite Beams

Elastic Behavior andMomentofInertia ofComposite

Beams for Deflection Calculation

(mm)

200 000 MPa

200,000MPa

Ec = 0.043w1c .5 f c'
(kg/m3)
(Mpa)

Ec = 4700 f c'

( MPa ) For wc >2.5t/m3

( MPa )

for 1.44t/m3<wc <2.5t/m3

ElasticBehaviorandMomentofInertiaofComposite
BeamsforDeflectionCalculation

ElasticBehaviorandMomentofInertiaofComposite
BeamsforDeflectionCalculation
mm2
mm2

ElasticBehaviorandMomentofInertiaofComposite
BeamsforDeflectionCalculation

ElasticBehaviorandMomentofInertiaofComposite
BeamsforDeflectionCalculation

ElasticBehaviorandMomentofInertiaofComposite
BeamsforDeflectionCalculation

ElasticBehaviorandMomentofInertiaofComposite
BeamsforDeflectionCalculation
AISC36005,CommentaryI3.1

Shear Connectors

Shear Connectors

mm2
mm2

Shear Connectors

Shear Connectors

Shear Connectors

Shear Connectors

Shear Connectors

kN

kN

Shear Connectors

Topflange

Shear Connectors

Shear Connectors

345MPa
28MPa

=450MPa)
12cm

7.5cm
4.80kN/m2

1.0kN/m2

Shear Connectors

3.65m=10.95m

12cm

7.5cm

12.80m

Shear Connectors

3.2m
12cm

3 60kN/m2
3.60kN/m
0.40kN/m2

=4.50kN/m2

0.50kN/m2
4.80kN/m2
3.65m

=4.50x3.65=16.43kN/m
=4.80x3.65=17.52kN/m
=(3 60+0 40)x3 65=14 60kN/m
=(3.60+0.40)x3.65=14.60kN/m
=(1.00)x3.65=3.65kN/m

7.5cm

Shear Connectors

=1.2x16.43+1.6x17.52

=16.43+17.52

=47 75kN/m
=47.75kN/m

=33 95kN/m
=33.95kN/m

47.75*12.802=977.92kNm
47.75*12.80=305.6kN

33.95*12.802=695.30kNm
33.95*12.80=217.28kN

Shear Connectors

28MPa

=345MPa

mm

=450MPa)

Shear Connectors

{12.80/4,(3.65/2+3.65/2)}=3.20m
345x8709.66
0.85x28x3200

=39.45mm

=120mm

Shear Connectors

458.72

195

39.45

404.64mm

345x8709.66x404.64=1216kNm
0.9x1216

1216/1.67

1094.4 kNm > 977.92 kNm

1094.4kNm>977.92kNm

728.1 kNm > 695.30 kNm

728.1kNm>695.30kNm

Shear Connectors
Ec = 0.043wc1.5 f c'

= 0.043(2400 kg / m )1.5 28 = 26,753MPa

3

n=

Es
= 7.46
Ec

Es = 200,000 MPa

8709.66 * 458.72 / 2 + (120 * 430)(458.72 + 75 + 120 / 2)

yb =
= 541.10mm
8709.66 + (120 * 430)

beff / n = 3200 mm 3.2m

/ 7.46 = 430mm
52.62mm

75mm

I tr = [2.964 x108 + 8709.66(541.10 458.72 / 2) 2 ]

430 x1203
+[
+ 120 x 430 x52.62 2 ]
12

I tr = 1.348 x109 mm 4
0.75 I trt = 1.011x109 mm 4

120mm

yb = 541.10mm

d = 458.72mm

Shear Connectors

L
5wL L4
5 x17.52 N / mm x12,800 4
12,800
=
=
=
30
.
29
mm
<
=
= 35.56mm
384 E (0.75 I tr ) 384( 200,000)(1.011x109 )
360
360

O.K.

Shear Connectors

=1.2x14.60+1.6x3.65

=14.60+3.65

=23.36kN/m

=18.25kN/m

23 36*12
23.36
12.80
802=478.41kNm
=478 41 kNm

0.9(F
0
9(FyZx)=0.9(345x1,486,307mm
)=0 9(345x1 486 307mm3)
=461.5kNm<478.41kNm

18.25*12.80
18
25*12 802=373.76kNm
=373 76 kNm

(FyZx)/1.67=(345x1,486,307
)/1 67=(345x1 486 307mm3)/1.67
1 67
=307.1kNm<373.76kNm

Shear Connectors

mm

Shear Connectors

345x10,451,59
0.85x28x3200

460

195

=47.35mm<

47.35

t=120mm

401.33mm

345x10,451.x401.33=1,447.2kNm

Shear Connectors

0.9x1,447.2

1,447.2/1.67

1,302.5kNm>977.92kNm

866.6kNm>695.30kNm

Shear Connectors

0.85x28x3200x47.35=3,606kN

10,451.59(345)==3,606kN

1,302.5
977.92

1.33(33%overstrength)

Shear Connectors

977.92kNm

977.92kNm

Shear Connectors

kN

kN

partially composite beam

Shear Connectors

Shear Connectors

Shear Connectors

Shear Connectors

try to make

977.92kNm

Also assume 55%composite action

As Fy = (10452)(345) = 3,606 kN

for aW18x55beam

= 0.55(3,606) = 1,983 kN

a' =

0.85 f c'beff

Y2 = Ycon

1,983,000 N
=
= 26.04mm
0.85(28)(3,200)

a'
26.04
= 195
= 181.20mm
2
2

Shear Connectors
Assume that Y1 iswithin the topflange ofthe beam:
Y1 =

Fy As 0.85 f c' Ac
2b f Fy

345(10,452) 0.85(28)(3200 x 26.04)

= 12.30mm < t f = 16.00mm O.K .
2(191.26)345

12.30
460
M n = [(0.85(28)(3200 x 26.04)(12.30 + 181.20) + 2(191.26)(345)(12.30)(
) + (10,452)(345)(
12.30)]
2
2
M n = 1,179kNm

1,061kNm > 977.92kNm

706kNm > 695.30kNm

b = 0.90

b = 1.67

Shear Connectors
Ec = 0.043wc1.5 f c'

= 0.043(2400 kg / m )1.5 28 = 26,753MPa

3

n=

Es
= 7.46
Ec

Es = 200,000 MPa

yb =

10,452 x 460 / 2 + (120 x 430)(460 + 75 + 120 / 2)

= 533.5mm
10,452 + (120 x 430)

beff / n = 3200 mm 3.2m

/ 7.46 = 430mm
61.5mm

75mm

I tr = [3.704 x108 + 10,452(533.5 460 / 2) 2 ]

430 x1203
+[
+ 120 x 430 x61.52 ]
12

I tr = 1.590 x109 mm 4
0.75 I tr = 1.193 x109 mm 4

120mm

yb = 533.5mm

d = 460mm

Shear Connectors

L
5wL L4
5 x17.52 N / mm x12,800 4
12,800
=
=
=
25
.
67
mm
<
=
= 35.56mm
384 E (0.75 I tr ) 384(200,000)(1.193 x109 )
360
360

O.K.

Shear Connectors

W18x55

=1.2x14.60+1.6x3.65

=14.60+3.65

=23.36kN/m

=18.25kN/m

23 36*12
23.36
12.80
802=478.41kNm
=478 41 kNm

18.25*12.80
18
25*12 802=373.76kNm
=373 76 kNm

W18x55
0.9(F
0
9(FyZx)=0.9(345x1,835,351mm
)=0 9(345x1 835 351mm3)
=570kNm<478.41kNm

(FyZx)/1.67=(345x1,835,351
)/1 67=(345x1 835 351mm3)/1.67
1 67
=379kNm<373.76kNm

5wL L4
5 x3.65 N / mm x12,800 4
L
12,800
=
=
=
17
.
22
mm
<
=
= 35.56mm
384 E ( I x ) 384(200,000)(3.704 x108 )
360
360

O.K.

Shear Connectors
19 mm

Qn = 76.5kN

28MPaconcrete

(See the next slide)

= 1,983 kN
1,983
= 25.9
76.5

(use 26)

26 x 2 = 52
150 mm

(150 mm apart )
(300 mm apartt )

3.30 m

upper flute

6 x19 = 114

mm

8 x120 = 960

lower flute
mm

Note:usual rib (deck flute)

spacing isabout 150mm

Shear Connectors

Asc =

(19) 2
4

= 283.5mm 2

Ec = 0.043wc1.5 f c'

= 0.043( 2400 kg / m )1.5 28 = 26,753MPa

3

Qn = 0.5(283.5) 28(26,753) = 122.7 kN (1.0)(0.6)(283.5)(450) = 76.5kN

Shear Connectors

CL

84 @150 mm = 12,600 mm
150 mm ribspacing

4650mm(everytwoflute)
16 @150mm

3300mm(everyflute)
20 @150mm

12.800mm

4650mm(everytwoflute)
16 @150mm

Shear Connectors

0.6(345)(9.91)(460) = 944kN
0.9(944) = 850kN
944 / 1.67 = 565kN

Fy = 345MPa

fiftytwo 19 mm

305.6kN
217.28kN

Shear Connectors
N C
NonComposite
it Design
D i ofthe
f th Beam:
B

=1.2x16.43+1.6x17.52

=16.43+17.52

=47 75kN/m
=47.75kN/m

=33 95kN/m
=33.95kN/m

47.75*12.802=977.92kNm

33.95*12.802=695.30kNm

47.75*12.80=305.6kN

Z x ,req =

33.95*12.80=217.28kN

977.92 x106
= 3,150 x103 mm3
0.9(345)

Z x ,req

use W 18 x97
Z x = 3,450 x103 mm 3

695.30 x10 6
=
= 3,366 x103 mm3
(345 / 1.67)

References

Shen,J.,AdvancedSteelStructures,ClassNotes,IIT,2009.
h
d
d
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