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HFXD LDDUHRVLQJXU U G FLQ [QúLUXO ([ Q )Q ≥ HVWHFRQYHUJHQW
úLV VHDIOH OLP [ Q 
Q→∞

 
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[ Q + = − − (Q + ) [ Q + 3HGHDOW SDUWHGLQ I ([ Q + ) = [ Q + + Q  [ Q + +  




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( )
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Q Q
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V VHDUDWHF úLUXO ([ Q )Q ≥ HVWHFRQYHUJHQW OLP [ Q = " 
Q→∞


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>  
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[Q [Q
I [  ±∞

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Q→∞

'DF "UH]XOW  OLP [ Q =  7UHFkQGODOLPLW RE LQHP


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OLP ([ QQ + OQ [ Q =  ⇔ OQ " =  FRQWUDGLF LHFX"úLGHFL" 


)
Q→∞

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Q→∞ Q→∞ Q →∞
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+ 
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π
π


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