Kitchen Ventilation Example

The following example is for a Kitchen in a small Restaurant building. Air is extracted from kitchens from the source of contaminant, that is, the cooking island incorporating ovens, cookers, fryers, water boilers, etc. The fan can be located in the duct. Table 3.1 CIBSE Guide B2 (2001) recommends 30 to 40 AC/h for a Commercial Kitchen.

Extractduct 5.0m Extract hoodat hi h l l

Extractduct Extract hoodat hi h l l 3.0m Cooking Equipment

ELEVATION

About2.0 metres

PLAN

Ceilingheight=5.0m KitchenExtractSystem

The ventilation extract system for a kitchen should be kept separate from all other ventilation systems. This is because contaminants (smells from cooking, water vapour, steam, heat) are being removed. No recirculation is used in a Kitchen.

1. Calculate a suitable duct size based on an air velocity of 5m/s. The ventilation rate to be extracted from the kitchen in the example is: 30AC/h x 75 m3 = = 2250 m3/h 0.625 m3/s

Volume flow rate 2250 m3/h / 3600

The ductwork can be sized if an air velocity (in the duct) is chosen. For a main duct in a kitchen 7.5 m/s is recommended. (See Ventilation Ventilation Design section) Duct cross sectional area = = = Volume flow rate / air velocity 0.625 m3/s / 7.5 0.083 m2

If a square duct is used the dimensions are: (0.083) 0.5 = 0.289 m x 0.289 m = 289 mm x 289 mm

The next standard size is: 300 mm x 300 mm. 2. Re-calculate the duct size based on 40ACH. The ventilation rate to be extracted from the kitchen in the example is: 40 AC/h x 75 m3 = = 3000 m3/h 0.833 m3/s

Volume flow rate 3000 m3/h / 3600

The ductwork can be sized if an air velocity (in the duct) is chosen. For a main duct in a kitchen 7.5 m/s is recommended. (See Ventilation Ventilation Design section) Duct cross sectional area = = = Volume flow rate / air velocity 0.833 m3/s / 7.5 0.111 m2

If a square duct is used the dimensions are:

(0.111) 0.5

0.333 m x 0.333 m

333 mm x 333 mm

The next standard size is: 350 mm x 350 mm. Air Change Rate One way to understand air change rates is to say 30 AC/h is one room volume changed every; 60 minutes / 30 = 2 minutes. If 40 AC/h is used then the room volume is changed every 1.5 minutes which means that smells have less chance to linger in the room. Another aspect of air change rates is the cost of installation and running. The more air changes the more cost. Running Costs Running costs can be examined as follows; For the above example at 30 AC/h, if the fan pressure to be developed to overcome resistances is 200 Pa, then the fan power can be calculated as follows: Fan power (W) = 3 (m /s) / Efficiency Fan power (W) Fan power (W) = = Fan pressure (N/m2 or Pa) 200 x 0.625 x Air Volume flow rate

/ (say) 0.6

208 Watts.

If the fan is operating for 8 hours per day x 6 days per week x 52 weeks per year = 2496 hours/ annum, the annual running cost can be calculated. Annual running cost (/annum) = Fan power (kW) x Hours run per annum x Electrical price per kWh (assume 0.112 /kWh) Annual running cost (/annum) = Annual running cost () = 0.208 x 2496 x 0.112

58.15 per annum

If 40 AC/h is used then the fan running cost is;

Fan power (W) Fan power (W)

= =

200

0.833

/ (say) 0.6

278 Watts. 0.278 x 2496 x 0.112

Annual running cost (/annum) = Annual running cost () =

77.72 per annum

For a kitchen of this size the increase in duct size and fan running costs is not significant between 30 AC/h and 40 AC/h. The situation may be different for large kitchens with larger duct and fan sizes. Fan Selection To choose a suitable fan for this example the duct pressure drop and fittings pressure drop would be calculated. Normally the pressure drop is calculated as shown in the Duct Sizing section. If the total pressure drop is assumed to be 200 Pa and the flow rate is 0.833 m3/s then a suitable catalogue can be used to pick the fan. See http://www.flaktwoods.com. Go to Products Fans Axial Fans JM Aerofoil section. To download a technical brochure go to; Downloads Document Library (Fans Axial Fans JM Aerofoil) Open Express International JM Aerofoil pdf document. An Axial Flow fan would be suitable for this project since it can be mounted directly into the ductwork system. Fan Duty: 0.833 m3/s against 200 Pa pressure. Go to 31JM to 35JM 2 pole fan. A 31JM 16/2/5/34 sound level 61dB meets the criteria. This fan is a 2-pole fan running at 2840 rev/min. A 4-pole fan runs slower and is therefore quieter. Try for a 4-pole fan. A Flaktwoods 56JM 16/4/5/28 4-pole fan runs at 1420 rev/min and has a 58dB noise output. The fan diameter is 560mm. Choose this fan.