STUDI KINETIKA REAKSI SINTESIS BORNYL KHLORIDA DARI ALPHA-PINENE

Daniar Rianawati

ABSTRACT
Turpentine as one of non-timber forest products from pine tree contains about 60% essential oils. One of the main content of essential oils is - pinene that can produce some derivative products, such as borneol. Nowadays, borneol has been developed in the fields of pharmaceuticals for the treatment of various diseases. To synthesize borneol from - pinene, it takes two steps of reaction, first is hydration of - pinene into bornyl chloride, and second is saponification of bornyl chloride into borneol. In this research, reaction kinetics of hydration process were studied to obtain the reaction rate constant equation of bornyl chloride formation. Besides, the influence of reactant ratio on the conversion was also studied. Research was conducted by reacting turpentine, which contained 73,3% - pinene, with HCl in the three-neck flask equipped with a heatingmantle, stirrer mercury, thermometer, and condenser. Experiments were conducted with a certain ratio of reactants with a constant temperature. Reaction time started counting when temperature of the mixture reached the desired temperature (t=t0). At that time, an initial sample was taken. The next samples were taken every 30 minutes. Samples then analyzed by using Gas Chromatography (GC). From this research, reaction rate constant equation for k1 and k2 sequently are =0.0625exp(-552.9260/RT) and k2=0.9505exp(-2297.1149/RT). The optimal temperature in k1 this research is 80OC, for 0.9151 mol turpentine/mol HCl with the conversion of - pinene into bornyl chloride is 32.61% at 150 minutes. While the optimal ratio of reactants in this research is 0.5883 mol turpentine/mol HCl with the conversion of - pinene into bornyl chloride is 33.93% at 150 minutes in 70OC. Key words : - pinene, bornyl chloride, borneol