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Abay Qurthubie

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hlgblt fklhn dlhlg l lg dlj dlhlg lhklhn* Ldlj~l qlt'qlt ufjofglr ltlv k`jtlk dfjilj uhltnjvg ltlv tfgblil( ~lji dnml nhklj `hfm ufjlgblmlj bfbfrlul tftf hlrvtlj ilrlg dlrn h`ilg'h`ilg njn( gfgufrofult rflk n* Njn gfjafhl klj hlrvtj~l qnjk'qnjk k`gfr nlh -_sfmhl( <>>5.* Bf n ~lji gvrjn ldlhlm h`ilg ~lji bfrylrjl uvtnm ufrlk ~lji kvkvm dlj hnlt* Nl gfhfbvr uldl vmv <6?6 `O* Alrlji tfrdlult bf n k`gfr nlh ~lji gvrjn( bnl lj~l bf n gfjiljdvji favghlm kfonh klrbndl( nh ndl( c` cndl( dlj vhcndl dlrn bf n( frtl fdnknt irlcnt* Qlt'qlt ufjofglr njn gfglnjklj ufrljlj ufjtnji dlhlg kfkvltlj trvktvr bf n* Bfrbfdl dfjilj tfgblil( tfgblil ldlhlm h`ilg gfrlm gvdl( ~lji hvjlk( dlult dntf gul( dlj hnlt* Gfhfbvr uldl <5?= `+ O* Klrfjl u`tfj nlh fhfktr`dl tljdlrj~l u` ntnc( nl tndlk hlrvt dlhlg l lg kh`rndl dlj l lg vhclt fjofr( gf knuvj dfjilj ldlj~l `k nifj nl bn l hlrvt fdnknt -_sfmhl( <>>5.* Uldl fbvlm ifjfrlt`r vjtvk olnrlj h`ilg( fbliln rlkt`r( tfraldnu f j f j t r l t n j i fhlgl trlj cfr uljl ( ~lji lklj gfj~fblbklj tnjiinj~l vmv lnr lilr dlult dntvlji uldl jltrnvg vmv rfjdlm dfjilj gfjin n blinlj k` `ji uldlt v b f( uldl ur` f njn lklj tfraldn k`r` n( ~lji kfgvdnlj lklj bfrlknblt uldl kfldllj fk`j`gn dlj ufgl lrlj ifjfrlt`r njn( fmnjiil ufrhv ldlj~l fbvlm ur` fdvr blrv vjtvk kfgvdnlj gfjofilm bfrhljavtj~l ur` f k`r` n( dnljtlrlj~l ldlhlm dfjilj ufjiftf lj rflk n jltrnvg dfjilj lnr( dhh -Mlgldl dlj Tljlbf( 2554.* Urnj nu Ur` f Fhfktr`kngnl Klrlt gfrvulklj ml nh k`r` n( ~lntv `k ndl n vltv h`ilg* Bf n ~lji gfjilhlgn k`r` n gfgbfjtvk klrlt dfjilj rvgv Cf2@?*}M2@* K`r` n ltlv ur` f ufjilrltlj gfrvulklj ur` f fhfktr` kngnl* Uldl ur` f ufjilrltlj( bf n -Cf. bfrtnjdlk fbliln ufrfdvk n dlj `k nifj -@2. ~lji tfrhlrvt dlhlg lnr bfrtnjdlk fbliln ufji`k ndl n*
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M2 2 M 2@ + @ 2 + 4f ' 4@M ' b* 2M + + 2 M 2@ + @ 2 + ? Cf ? Cf 2+ + 4 @M ' + M 2 Cf-@M. 2 `hfm @ 2 dn vdlrl dn`k ndl n gfjaldn Cf 2@ ? * jM 2@ Lvt`kltlhn Klrlt ~lji tfrbfjtvk uldl h`ilg lklj gfgufrofult ur` f ufjilrltlj bfrnkvtj~l* @hfm fblb ntv( klrlt dn fbvt avil dfjilj lvt`kltlhn * Gfkljn gf tfraldnj~l k`r` n ldlhlm h`ilg bf n ~lji hftlkj~l alvm dlrn ufrgvkllj k`jtlk dfjilj vdlrl lklj dn`k ndl n `hfm n`j Cf2+* N`j njn hlrvt dlhlg tftf lj lnr* Tfgult tfraldnj~l rflk n `k ndl n dn lhlm ltv vavji tftf lj lnr njn dn fbvt lj`df* N`j Cf2+ ~lji tfrbfjtvk bfrifrlk dlrn lj`df kf klt`df gfhlhvn h`ilg* Fhfktr`j njn fhljavtj~l gfrfdvk n `k nifj dlrn vdlrl dlj gfjiml nhklj lnr* Vavji tftf lj lnr tfgult tfraldnj~l rflk n rfdvk n njn dn fbvt klt`df* _fblinlj `k nifj dlrn vdlrl hlrvt dlhlg tftf lj lnr dlj gfji`k ndl n Cf2+ gfjaldnCf?+ ~lji gfgbfjtvk klrlt bf n -Cf2@?*M2@.* Kfrvinlj Bf n ltlv h`ilg ~lji bfrklrlt bfr nclt rluvm( gvdlm hlrvt( dlj bfrolguvr dfjilj h`ilg hlnj( frtl bfr nclt rlovj* Mlh njn tfjtv bfrblml~l dlj gfrvinklj* Ankl bfrklrlt( bf n ~lji dnivjlklj fbliln u`jdl n lhlv ufj~ljiil afgbltlj gfjaldn rluvm fmnjiil gvdlm lgbrvk* Lhlt'lhlt ur`dvk n dlhlg njdv trn glkljlj dlj clrgl n tndlk b`hfm gfjiivjlklj gfjiivjlklj h`ilg ~lji gvdlm bfrklrlt* Mlh njn dn fblbklj klrlt ~lji tfrbfjtvk gvdlm hlrvt dlhlg glkljlj( `blt'`bltlj( ltlv fj~lyl kngnl ~lji dnur`dvk n* @hfm fblb ntv( vjtvk kfufjtnjilj njdv trn bnl lj~l gfjiivjlklj ufrlhltlj tlnjhf ~lji ljtnklrlt* Clkt`r ~lji bfrufjilrvm 1 <*Kfhfgblblj vdlrl 2*Fhfktr`hnt ?*Qlt tfrhlrvt ufgbfjtvk l lg -O@ 2( _@ 2. 4* Ldlj~l @ 2
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6* Hlun lj uldl ufrgvkllj h`ilg 3* Hftlk h`ilg dlhlg dfrft u`tfj nlh rfdvk n Olrl'olrl Ufjofilmlj K`r` n Bf n <* Ufjifoftlj* Afgbltlj( ulilr dlj rlnhnji bnl lj~l dnolt* Olt gfjimnjdlrklj k`jtlk dfjilj vdlrl dlj lnr* Olt ~lji gfjiljdvji tngbfh dlj qnjk - fji. lklj hfbnm blnk( klrfjl kfdvlj~l gfhnjdvjin bf n tfrmldlu k`r` n* 2* Ufhvgvrlj dfjilj @hn ltlv Ifgvk* Olrl njn dntfrluklj vjtvk bfrbliln ufrklkl dlj gf nj* @hn dlj ifgvk gfjofilm k`jtlk dfjilj lnr* ?* Ufgblhvtlj dfjilj Uhl tnk* Bfrbliln glolg blrlji( gn lhj~l rlk unrnji dlj kfrljalji fufdl dnblhvt dfjilj uhl tnk* Uhl tnk gfjofilm k`jtlk dfjilj vdlrl dlj lnr* 4* Tnj Uhltnji -ufhlun lj dfjilj tnglm.* Klhfji'klhfji kfgl lj tfrbvlt dlrn bf n ~lji dnhlun n dfjilj tnglm* Ufhlun lj dnhlkvklj folrl fhfktr`hn n ( ~lji dn fbvt tnj uhltnji* Tnglm tfri`h`ji h`ilg ~lji tlmlj klrlt* Lklj tftlun( hlun lj tnglm mlj~l gfhnjdvjin bf n fhlgl hlun lj ntv vtvm -tljul ololt.* Lulbnhl hlun lj tnglm ldl ~lji rv lk( gn lhj~l tfri`rf ( glkl tnglm av trv gfjd`r`ji/gfgufrofult k`r` n bf n* Mlh ntv tfraldn klrfjl u`tfj nlh rfdvk n bf n hfbnm jfiltnc dlrnuldl tnglm -F Cf 7 '5(44 s`ht; F _j 7 '5(44 s`ht.* @hfm klrfjl ntv( bf n ~lji dnhlun n dfjilj tnglm lklj gfgbfjtvk vltv fh fhfktr`kngnl dfjilj bf n fbliln lj`df* Dfjilj dfgnknlj( tnglm gfjd`r`ji k`r` n bf n* Lklj tftlun mlh njn av trv ~lji dnmlrluklj( fmnjiil klhfji'klhfji bfkl ofult mljovr* 6* Ilhsljn l n -ufhlun lj dfjilj qnjk.* Unul bf n( tnlji tfhu`j dlj bfrbliln blrlji hlnj dnhlun n dfjilj qnjk* Bfrbfdl dfjilj tnglm( qnjk dlult gfhnjdvjin bf n dlrn k`r` n fklhnuvj hlun ljj~l tndlk vtvm* Mlh njn tfraldn klrfjl vltv gfkljn gf ~lji dn fbvt ufrhnjdvjilj klt`df* @hfm klrfjl u`tfj nlh rfdvk n bf n hfbnm u` ntnc dlrnuldl qnjk( glkl bf n ~lji k`jtlk dfjilj qnjk lklj gfgbfjtvk fh fhfktr`kngnl dfjilj bf n fbliln klt`df* Dfjilj dfgnknlj bf n tfrhnjdvjin dlj qnjk ~lji gfjilhlgn `k ndl n* Bldlj g`bnh' g`bnh blrv uldl vgvgj~l tfhlm dnilhsljn l n( fmnjiil tlmlj klrlt*

3* Omr`gnvg Uhltnji -ufhlun lj dfjilj kr`gnvg.* Bf n ltlv blal avil dlult dnhlun n dfjilj kr`gnvg vjtvk gfgbfrn hlun lj ufhnjdvji ~lji gfjiknhlu( gn lhj~l vjtvk bvgufr g`bnh* Omr`gnvg uhltnji avil dnhlkvklj dfjilj fhfktr`hn n * _lgl fufrtn qnjk( kr`gnvg dlult gfgbfrn ufrhnjdvjilj fklhnuvj hlun lj kr`gnvg ntv ldl ~lji rv lk*
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9* _lorncnonlh Ur`tfotn`j -ufji`rbljlj lj`df.* Glijf nvg ldlhlm h`ilg ~lji alvm hfbnm lktnc -bfrlrtn hfbnm gvdlm bfrklrlt. dlrnuldl bf n* Ankl h`ilg glijf nvg ntv lklj bfrklrlt tftlun bf n tndlk* Olrl njn dnivjlklj vjtvk gfhnjdvjin unul blal ~lji dntljlg dlhlg tljlm ltlv bldlj klulh hlvt* _folrl ufrn`dnk( bltlji glijf nvg mlrv dniljtn* Tnu dlj Olrl Gfjofilm dlj Gfjiltl n Bf n Bfrklrlt Bfbfrlul olrl vjtvk gfjljiivhljin bf n ltlv h`ilg hlnj lilr tlmlj dlrn ur` f ufrklrltlj1 <* Gfhlun n bf n ltlv h`ilg hlnjj~l dfjilj olt kmv v bf n ~lji blj~lk dnavlh dn t`k`'t`k` blmlj bljivjlj* 2* Gfgbvlt h`ilg dfjilj olguvrlj ~lji frbl lgl ltlv m`g`ifj kftnkl ufgbvltlj ltlv ur`dvk n bf n ltlv h`ilg hlnjj~l dn ulbrnk* ?* Uldl ufrgvkllj h`ilg dnbfrn `hn ltlv sl fhnj 4* Gfjimvbvjiklj dfjilj h`ilg lktnc fufrtn glijf nvg / Gi gfhlhvn klylt lilr ~lji bfrklrlt ldlhlm glijf nvgj~l* Mlh njn blj~lk dnhlkvklj vj tvk gfjofilm bfrklrlt uldl tnlji hn trnk bf n ltlv blal* Gi dntljlg tndlk alvm dlrn tnlji hn trnk* 6* Gfhlkvklj ur` f ilhsljn l n dfjilj olrl gfhlun n h`ilg bf n dfjilj fji tnun ltlv tnglm ~lji tfrhftlk dn fbfhlm knrn dfrft s`htl * 3* Gfhlkvklj ur` f fhfktr` kngnl dfjilj alhlj gfgbfrn hlun lj tnglm fufrtn ~lji bnl l dnhlkvklj*

BLB NNN GFT@DF UFRO@BLLJ

4*<* Lhlt dlj Blmlj 4*<*<* K`r` n Bf n Lhlt dlj blmlj Vkvrlj dlj ltvlj Avghlm
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