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‫سورة البقرة ايه ‪32‬‬
 Indications
I-Respiratory Diseases
severe pneumonia 2-RDS-1
Status Asthmatics 4- Acute bronchiolitis-2
ARF-5

II-Cardiac Diseases
Severe HF-1
)Critical Cases )blue spell-2

)III-Metabolic Diseases )Electrolytes

Severe GE 3-ARF-1
DKA-2

:IV-POISING
Salicylates
 Symbols
S Saturation of hemoglobin

A Alveolar gas

P Partial pressure=tension

a Arterial

V Ventilation

Q COP

Pao2=partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood

 OXYGENATION-1
VENTILATION-2
ACID BASE STATUS-3
 OXYGENATION-1

PaO2
>80 mmHg Normal oxygenation

60-79 mmHg Mild hypoxemia
50-59 mmHg Moderate hypoxemia
<50 mmHg Severe hypoxemia
 VENTILATION-2

Pa CO2
 Normal ventilation mmHg 35-45=
 Hyperventilation mmHg 35 >
 Hypoventilation mmHg 45 <
 Respiratory failure mmHg 50 <
 ACID BASE STATUS-3
A-Acidosis or Alkalosis
pH
 Normal acid base status 7.35-7.45=
 Alkalosis 7.45<
 Acidosis 7.35>

B-Respiratory or Metabolic
Alteration of CO2 Respiratory
Alteration of HCO3 Metabolic
An infant 1y presenting with mild RD
PARAMETER PATIENT
NORMAL INTERPRETATION

O2 90 N
80-90 Normal oxygenation
mmHg
CO2 40
35-45 N Normal ventilation
mmHg
PH 7.38 N Normal acid-base status
7.35-7.45

HCO3 23 N
22-26 No metabolic alteration
mEq/L
NORMAL ABG
An infant 1y presenting with moderate RD
PARAMETER PATIENT
NORMAL INTERPRETATION

O2 75
80-90 ↓ MILD HYPOXEMIA
mmHg
CO2 40
35-45 N Normal ventilation
mmHg
PH 7.38 N
Normal acid-base
7.35-7.45 status

HCO3 23 N No metabolic
22-26 alteration
mEq/L
MILD HYPOXEMIA
An infant 1y presenting with HPS
PARAMETER PATIENT
NORMAL INTERPRETATION

O2 90 N
80-90 Normal oxygenation
mmHg
CO2 40
35-45 N Normal ventilation
mmHg
PH 7.58 ↑ ALKALOSIS
7.35-7.45

HCO3 33
22-26 ↑ METABOLIC
mEq/L
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
An infant 1y presenting with severe RD
PARAMETER PATIENT
NORMAL INTERPRETATION

O2 90 N
80-90 Normal oxygenation
mmHg
CO2 50
35-45 ↑ HYPOVENTALATION
mmHg
PH 7.08 ↓ ACIDOSIS
7.35-7.45

HCO3 23 N No metabolic
22-26 alteration
mEq/L
RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
 An infant 1y presenting with JDM
PARAMETER PATIENT
NORMAL INTERPRETATION

O2 90 N
80-90 Normal oxygenation
mmHg
CO2 40
35-45 N Normal ventilation
mmHg
PH 7.18 ↓ ACIDOSIS
7.35-7.45

HCO3 10 ↓
22-26 METABOLIC
mEq/L
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
An infant 1y presenting with aspirin poising
PARAMETER PATIENT
NORMAL INTERPRETATION

O2 90 N
80-90 Normal oxygenation
mmHg
CO2 20
35-45 ↓ HYPERVENTILATION
mmHg
PH 7.58 ↑ ALKALOSIS
7.35-7.45

HCO3 24 N
22-26 NOT METABOLIC
mEq/L
RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
 Significance
I-Diagnostic
Assess severity of disease 2-Diagnose 1ry disorder-1

II-Therapeutic
Hypoxemia-1 O2 therapy
Ventilatory status-2 assess ventilation
Metabolic A-B imbalance-3 add alkali or acid

III-Prognostic & Follow up

.Assess ventilation 2-Response to ttt-1