SPANISH RULE

“And the Spaniards

Came bearing the
Cross and the
Sword.”
• During European ships traveled
around the world in search for new
trading routes and partners to feed
burgeoning capitalism in Europe.

OBJECTIVE: Europeans undertook

explorations to seek spices, silk and
gold
 PORTUGAL AND SPAIN:
PIONEERS IN EXPLORATION

• They are the most powerful nations in the

world at the time Spain had an empire in
America while Portugal had an empire in
Asia.
 Exploration begins in Portugal
• Monetarist- believe that Age of
Exploration began was because of a
severe shortage of bullion in Europe.
• The first great wave of expeditions was
launched under Prince Henry(the
navigator).
• Prince Henry main project was the
exploration of the West Coast of Africa.
Decline of Portuguese Monopoly

• Portuguese exploration and colonization

began continued despite the rivalry with
Spain.
• Portuguese became the first Westerners to
reach and trade with Japan.
• Under King Manuel l the Portuguese crown
launched a scheme to keep control of the
lands and trade routes.
• Their strategy was to build a series of forts.
• In 1580, the Spanish King Philip II
became also as the King of
Portugal, as rightful to the Crown
after his cousin Sebastião died
without sons.
 End of Exploration
• It was generally said to have ended in
early 17th century.
• European vessels were well enough
built and their navigators competent
enough to travel to virtually anywhere
on the planet.
• Africa's deep interior was not explored
by Europeans until the mid to late 19th
and early 20th centuries.
 Portugal
• King Henry of Portugal opened a school of
navigation. This aroused a keener interest
among explorers, map makers and geographers
to travel abroad.
• Portugal was able to establish an empire in the
east following de Gama’s successful travels.
• Francisco de Almeida and Alfonso del
Albuquerque became even more ambitious.
 Explorer Place Discovered Year
Portuguese navigator Azores 1431
Gil Eanes Cape Bojador 1434
Antonio Gonzales Cape Blanco 1441
Dennis Fernandez Cape Verde Island 1445
Luigi Cadamosto Gulf of New Guinea 1456
Diego Gomez Mouth of Zambia 1458
Rina
Bartolome Diaz Cape of Good Hope 1487
Vasco de Gama Calcutta, India 1498
Padre Alvares Cabral Brazil 1500
 Spain
• In 1492, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabela
gave Christopher Columbus of Genoa,
permission to explore the new world in the name
of Spain.
• Columbus was tasked to travel west in search of
a route to the east.
• In October 1492, Columbus discovered America
and Cuba while traveling southward.
• Columbus called the natives Indians because he
thought he had reached India.
• Columbus continued with his travels in
1493, 1498, & 1502.
• He died without realizing that he had
discovered new territories.
• Other explorers who set forth under the
Spanish flag were Vicente Pinzon who
reached Brazil in 1500, and Nunez de
Balboo who discovered the Pacific Ocean.
 Agreements and the Papal Decree:
Papal Line of Demarcation
• Pope Alexander VI issued a Papal decree in
1493. He divided the unknown parts of the
world for exploration of the two rivals.
• Spain was granted the rights to all newly
discovered lands west on the line.
• Portugal could claim all those to the east.
 Treaty of Tordesillas
• But he gave the Spain the right to own islands in the
east while Portugal vehemently objected to the
changes and Treaty of Tordesillas was drawn in
1494.
• This treaty set another demarcation line running
from the north to the south at 370 degrees west of
Cape Verde.
• Under this new line, It stated too that all new
territories to be discovered west of the demarcation
line would belong to Spain, while all the territories
east of the line would belong to Portugal.
Divisions of the World
Colonization and
Evangelization
• Our ancestors lived a tranquil, peaceful life for a
long time bit this was shattered when Spaniards
come.
• Numerous events in Europe led the Spaniards to
travel into unknown lands in the Far East.
• In 476 A.D.- Rome fell into the hands of the
tartars, the Muslim culture was ascending to its
zenith.
• In the west, Aristotle and Ptolemy were saying
the earth was round.
 Ferdinand Magellan
• He had colorful experiences in
war and born in 1480 at
Sabrosa, Oporto, Portugal.
• He rendered service in the
Asian wars and in colonizing
the Moluccas.
• He married Beatriz Barbosa.
• In 1492, he was able to
convinced King Charles I to
sent him an expedition.
 Magellan’s Expedition

Magellan was given a fleet of five ships:

• Trinidad – the head of the expedition with
Magellan as a captain.
• San Antonio – led by Captain Juan de
Cartagena
• Santiago – led by Juan Serrano
• Conception – led by Gaspar de Quesada
• Victoria – led by Luis de Mendoza
 Facts about Magellan:
• He became one of the first individuals to cross
all the meridians of the globe.

• He was the first person to lead an expedition

sailing westward from Europe to Asia and to cross
the Pacific Ocean.

• Magellan should also be recognized as the first

European explorer to enter the Pacific from the
Strait of Magellan, which he discovered.

• He is also remembered as the first European to

reach the archipelago of what is now known as the
Philippines.

• He was the first known successful attempt to

 Date Place Leader Events

March 16, Homonhon 18 natives -Exchange goods and

1521 fruits.
-Blood Compact
March 31, Limasawa Rajah -First cross was
1521 Kolambu erected.
-First mass by Fr.
Valderama
April 7, 1521 Cebu Rajah Blood compact and
Humanbon exchange of gifts
April 14, 1521 Cebu -the image of the Child
Jesus was given as a
gift to Juana
April 27, 1521 Mactan Lapu-lapu -the battle of Mactan
 Magellan’s Expedition was very
Important:
• It proved that the earth was round
• The Pacific Ocean was discovered
• The Maloccus Island was discovered
• The Strait of Magellan was found
• New trade routes between the east and west
were found
• The Philippine became a colony of Spain
 Magellan’s Expedition held an
Equal Significance :
• It paved the way for the country to become
a colony of Spain
• Filipino culture was further enriched by
western culture
• The previously unnamed archipelago
earned a place in the world map and was
given the name Islas Filipinas.
 Battle of Mactan:
Symbol of the First Independence
• “No one would become slave, unless he
allowed himself to become one” – Jose
Rizal
• Thus, this battle proved the Filipinos
inherent love for freedom and it became a
shining symbol of our first struggle against
foreign conqueror.
• Was fought in the Philippines on April 27,
1521.
• Lapu-lapu was the chieftain in Mactan-
island. He defeated Magellan, the
Portuguese sea captain and explorer.
 Treaty of Zaragoza

• Signed on April 22, 1529

• A new demarcation line was fixed
• All lands located east of the line would
belong to Portugal while those to the west
of it to Spain.
• Unknown to Portugal, this treaty was
disadvantageous to them due to
knowledge of geography was quite limited
at that time.
Challenges to Spanish Power
• Portugal
• China
• Dutch
• Great Britain
• Japanese
 Portugal
• In Sept. 1568, the Portuguese led by Gonzalo de
Percisa attacked Cebu but they failed due to an
epidemic and was followed an attack in 1570,
but the Filipinos helped the Spaniards drive the
Portuguese away.
• Portugal’s interest in the Philippines waned
when Spain and Portugal were united and
became Iberia in 1580 under the reign of King
Philip II.
 China
• Limahong, a Chinese pirate, to try to capture
Manila
• Limahong landed in the place on Nov. 1574. They
met by Goiti and his troops.
• Goiti was killed in the battle. General Guido de
Lavesares took advantage of Limahong’s delay
and prepared his troops in Manila. They were able
to defeat Limahong.
• Again in December, Limahong made a second
attempt to capture Manila.
• The Chinese revolted because of
restrictions. The revolts lasted from 1603
up to 1792. But the rebellions were always
subdued because the Filipinos helped the
Spaniards.
 Dutch
• A number of them was killed by the Spaniards
because of their religion which was
Protestantism.
• In 1581, the Dutch successfully set up their own
republic.
• The Dutch were traders by occupation and their
engaged in a thriving trading industry in Lisbon,
the capital of Portugal.
• King Philip II ordered the closure of Lisbon to the
Dutch.
• The Dutch tried to capture the archipelago.
• Several Dutch warships came to the
Philippines, but all of them were repelled by
the Spaniards with the help of the Filipinos.
• Dutch attacks on the Philippines finally
stopped when a peace agreement was
signed in Westphalia in 1684. In this treaty,
Spain completely recognized the
independence of Protestant Netherlands.
 Great Britain
• Because of Spanish Involvement in the war,
England decided to attacked the Philippines.
• On Sept. 22, 1762, a British fleet from India,
and headed by Gen. William Draper and Adm.
Samuel Carvish steamed toward Manila Bay.
• When seven years war was over, Great Britain
returned the Philippines to Spain. This was in
1764.
 Japanese
• Hideyoshi was a Japanese leader who feared it
would signal the colonization of Japan by the
Spaniards.
• He banned the missionaries entering the country
and he announced that he would capture the
Philippines.
• The Spanish Gov. Gen, Gomez Perez de
Dasmarines prepared for war, but it did not occur.
• Hideyoshi died before he could launch an attack.
• A Japanese community was created in Dilao, just
outside of Intamuros and later transferred to Paco.