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Iuamc BtcmKy hnZym-`ymk ]Xn

(ADOLESCENCE HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAMME)

kv I qXe ]cn- i o- e \w
A[ym- ] - I p tamUyq

GOVERNMENT OF KERALA

DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL EDUCATION

SCERT _ 2007 - '08

kwm-\- hn-Zym-`ym-k- K-th-jW


- ]-cn-io-e-\- k-an-Xn
hnZym-`-h, ]qP-p-c, Xncp-h-\--]pcw 12,
tIcfw

Iuamc BtcmKy hnZym-`ymk ]Xn


(kvIqXe A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tamUyq)
Prepared by

State Council of Educational


Research & Training (SCERT),
Vidhyabhavan, Poojappura,
Thiruvananthapuram -12, Kerala
E-mail
scertkerala@asianetindia.com
Type setting by
SCERT Computer Lab

Government of Kerala
Department of General Education
SCERT, 2007 -'08

A[ym-]-I-tcmSv
PohnXnse \nm-bIamb hgn-n-cn-hm-Wsm Iuam-c-Im-ew. hynXz hnI-k-\n\p If-sam-cp-p-Xv Cu Ime-m-Wv. Gsd kz]v\w ImWp-Ibpw Pohn-X-s-p-dnv
amXr-I-I ]Sp-p-bp-Ibpw sNp Ime-am-Wn-Xv. Pohn-X-n Imen-S-dn-t]m-Im-Xn-cnm imkv{Xo-b-amb [mc-W-Ifpw PohnX ss\]p-Wn-Ifpw Iuam-c-m-cn hf-tc--Xp-v.
imco-cnI am\-knI {]iv\
-
- v bpn]q-amb ]cn-lmc- Is-p-Ibpw thWw.
Cu Ime-L--ns khn-ti-j-X-I Adnv Iuam-c-msc AwKo-I-cnp sImpw
Ahv A\p-tbm-Py-amb amK-\ntZiw \In-smpw cm-Im-fpw A[ym-]Icpw s]mXp-k-aq-lhpw {]hn-t-Xpapv.
sa-s PohnXw \bn-pI hgn Iuam-c-Im-e-L-s AY-]q-ambn {]tbm-P-\-s-Spm Ipn-Isf klm-bn-p-I-bmWv Cu ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS eyw. HIV/AIDS
t]mep amdm- tcm-Km-h-I-fpsS Icn-\n-genemWvv \mw Pohn-p--Xv. Iuam-c-mv
\nc-h[n NXn-pgnIsf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t-n-h-cpw. Ahsb Ign-bp-{X Hgn-hm-m\pw
eLq-I-cn-m\pw kaqlw Ahsc {]m]vX-cm--Ww.
MHRD, NACO Fnh- kwbp--ambn \S-p kwcw-`--fn tIcfhpw ]p-tN-cp-I-bmWv. Cu ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS DS-s aqp `mK-ambn Xncn-n-pv.
1.

Iuam-c-m-cpsS PohnX ss\]p-Wn-I hnI-kn-n-p--Xn\v.

2.

IuamcmcpsS imco-cnI hf-bpw am\-knI kmaq-lnI khntijXIfpw t_m[ys-Sp--Xn-\v.

3.

HIV/AIDS, RTIs, STIs t]mep tcmK-sf Ipdnv t_m[hmmcm-p--Xn-\v.

Cu ]-Xn-sb-p-dnv cm-Im-sf t_m[-hm-m-cm-p-X


- n-\mbn Xm-dm-nb "cnXm-f- d- n-bm' F tcJ-bpsS D-Sw hn\n-abw sNp-Ibpw klA[ym-]I
- c- nepw cnXm--fnepw hy-amb Hc-h-t_m[w krjvSn-p-Ibpw thWw. AXn-\p-tijw am{Xta Cu
]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]mSn hnZym-e-b-n XpS-t--Xp-p.
Cu tamUyq Hcp tcJm-cq]w am{X-am-Wv. kml-N-cy--\p-k-cnv hnI-kn-n-p-Itbm
Npcp-p-Itbm Bhmw.
Cu ]cn]mSnsbpdnp {InbmIamb A`n{]mbfpw \ntifpw kzmKXw
sNbvXpsImv
hnP-bm-iw-kI
- t- fmsS

Xncp-h-\--]pcw
Pq 06, 2007

Ub-dI
- vS
Fkv. kn. C. B. Sn, tIcfw

D-Sw

BapJw

.................................................................................................................

`mKw 1
Pohn-Xs
- s\-]p-Wn-I..................................................................................

`mKw 2A
Iuam-c{- ]mb-m-cpsS h-fbpw hnIm-khpw .....................

42

`mKw 2B
{]P-\\ hyh-bpw, {]P-\\
- hpw...................................................

69

`mKw 3
AIDS/HIV/RTIs/STIs ...................................................................................

83

A\p-_w
ssSwtS-_n........................................................................................................
tamUyq H-t\m-
- n ...................................................................

106
107

BapJw
Iuamc-Imew

a\pjy PohnX hnIm- k - L - - - f n Ghpw


koWhpw \nWm-b-I-hp-am-Wv. Cu L-n-eqsS ISp t]mIptm-gmWv Ipam-co-Ip-am-c-m imco-cn-I-ambpw am\-kn-I-am-bpw
sshIm-cn-Ia
- mbpw kmaq-ln-Ia
- mbpw ]IzXbmPn-p-X
- v. Xm IpnbmtWm apXn BfmtWm F kwibw P\n-n-p [mcmfw
PohnX k`--sf Ah A`napJo-I-cn-tn hcp-p. \nb-asfbpw \nb-{-W--sfbpw hyh-n-Xn-I-sfbpw Fmw tNmZyw
sNm\pw adn-I-S-m\pw D t{]cW ]e-tmgpw Ah-cpsS
{]h-\-sf kzm[o-\n-p-p.
Poh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb hfbpw hnIm-khpw kmaq-lnI kwkvImcnI ]cn-n-Xnbpambn Gp-ap-p-tm ]pXnb {]iv\-fpw Bhiy-fpw krjvSn--s-Sp-p. imco-cnI hfsb XpSp-mIp tlmtam hyXn-bm-\hpw sshIm-cnI {]Xn-kn krjvSnp-p. icn-tbXv sXtXv Fv Xncn--dn-bm ]m-Xpw am\knI ]ncn-ap-dp--tam Ip-t_m-[tam A\p-`-hn-pXpamb Cu
Ah--bn Ahsc \bn-p--Xv an-tmgpw Ak-Xy-tfm
A[-k-Xy-tfm Bbncn-m km[y-X-bpv. icnbpw imkv{Xobhpw Bb hnh-c- \Im _m[y-X-s-- cn-Xm-,
A[ym]-I XpS-n-b-h AXn\p aSn ImWn-p-tm {]iv\w
cq-am-hp-p.
Iuam-c-{]m-b-m-cpsS DXv-WvT-I-sfbpw AXI-sfbpw apXse-Sp-m-\mbn D]-t`mK kwkvIm-c-ns hm- kZm PmKcq-I-cm-Wv. ]c-ky-, NnIn--I, hmKvZm-\-, XpS-nbhbn-eqsS Nqj-W-n\v hnt[-b-cm-Ip--h \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. Zriy{imhy am[y-a--fpw, B\p-Im-en-I--fpw Cs\pw Ch-cpsS
IpSpw_ ZmXy PohnX k-ev]-sf hnI-e-am-m ]e-tmgpw
Imc-W-am-hp-p.
Iuam-c-{]m-b-m-cpsS PohnX k-ev]-fpw ImgvN-m-Sp-Ifpw cq]sSp--Xn ka-{]m-b-m-cpsS kzm[o\w hfsc hep-Xm-Wv. Cu
ka-kwL (Peer group) kzm[o\w ImcWw sXmb hgn-bn-tev

Xncn-bm-Xn-cn-m Hmtcmcpcpw kzbw ]mI-s-tS--Xp-v. Fns\bpw shp-hn-fn-m\pw kml-kn-I-X-tbbpw ]co--W--tfbpw


kwLw tNv Gs-Sp-m\pw D {]h-WX Iuam-c-m-cn
hf-sc-q-Sp-X-em-Wv. hnNm-c-n\v apt hnImcw {]hn-p
Ah-bpw {]Xn-kn \nd-X
- m-Wv. CXv A]-IS- I
- c
- a
- mb tcmKmh--Ifn-tepw aZyw, ab-p-a-cpv XpS-nb elcn ]ZmY-fpsS D]-tbm-K-n-tepw Ipn-Isf \bn-mw.
Hcp kaq-l-ns BtcmKyw AXnse AwK--fpsS am\-kn-Ihpw
imco-cn-I-hp-amb kpn-Xn-bpsS BsI-p-I-bm-Wv. hyn-bpsS am\kn-Im-tcmKyw kaql a\xkmn cq]-s-Sp--Xnepw kmwkvIm-cnI
]cn- W maw km[y- a m- p- - X nepw hfsctbsd kzm[o- \ w sNp- p.
kaq-l-n \nWm-bI LS-I-amb Iuam-c-m-cpsS am\-knI imcocnI kpnXn hfsc {]m[m- \ y- a ln- p- p. Iuam- c - h n- Z ym- ` ymkw
{]k--am-Ip--Xv Chn-sS-bm-Wv. 9, 11 Fo mkp-I-fnse Ipn-I-sfbmWv Cu ]Xn ey-an-n-p--Xv.
Iuamc BtcmKy hnZym- ` ymk ]- X n- b psS `mK- a mbn A[ym- ] Ip kvIqXe ]cn-io-e\ cq]-tc-Jv {][m-\-ambpw aqv `mK-fm-Wp--Xv. Ipnv kaq-l-n Xs CSw Is-m\pw kaqls Dsm-m\pw klm-bn-p PohnX ss\]p-Wn-I-sf-pdn-p Bi-b--fmWv PohnX ss\]p-Wn-I F Hmw-`m-K-n.
cmw-`m-Kw 2A, 2B Fn-s\ hn`-Pn-n-cn-p-p. Iuam-c-m-cpsS
hfbpw hnIm-khpw FXv 2Abnepw {]P-\\ hyhbpw {]P\\hpw FXv 2B bnepw Dsm-n-n-cn-p-p. AIDS/ HIV, RTI, STI
Fn--s\-bp ssewKn-I-tcm-K-fpw {]Xn-hn-[n-Ifpw {]Xn-tcm[
amK- - f p- a mWv aqmw `mK- nse {]Xn- ] mZyw. ]cn- i o- e - \ - ns
ka-b-{I-ahpw tamUyq kw{K-lhpw A\p-_--n sImSp-n-cnp-p.
kzbw Adn-bm-\pw X-bo-`m-hw, kKm-I Nn, {]iv\-]-cn-l-cW
tijn, Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-m-\p Ign-hv, Bi-b-hn-\n-ab tijn, hyn_-- cq]-s-Sp-m-\p Ign-hv, hnIm-c--fp-sSbpw am\-knI
kwLj--fp-sSbpw \nb-{Ww XpS-nb ss\]p-Wn-I BPn-

m klm-bn-p Bi-b--sf-p-dnv kwn-]vX-hpw ka-{Khpamb Adnhv Cu tcJ \Ipp.


Iuam-c-m-cpsS imco-cnI am\-knI sshIm-cnImh--Isf hni-Ie\w sNm\pw DXv-WvT-Ifpw Bi--Ifpw AIn B-hn-izm-khpw
Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb ioe-fpw BPn-m\pw Cu ]T-\-]-Xn eyan-Spp.
Iuam-c-L--n s]Ip-n-Ipw BIp-n-Ipw Dm-Ip
imco-cn-I-hpw am\-kn-I-hpw sshIm-cn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb am-,
Cu am--fpsS ASn-m-\-n Ip-h-cp s]cp-am khn-ti-jX- I , {]iv \ - , Ah- b v p ]cn- l m- c - Fnh hni- Z - a mm CXn {in-n-pvv. Iuamc hnZym-`ym-k-ns A]-cym-]vXX
]cn-l-cn-m-\p-X-Ip Xc-n {]P-\\ hyh--sb-p-dnpw {]P\-\m-tcm-Ky-s-p-dnpw Adnhp \Im\pw kwi-b- Zqco-I-cnm-\p-ap km[y-X-I Cu ]T\ ]mtPv \Ip-p.
kaq-l-nse NXn-p-gn-I Xncn--dn-bm-\pw \nb ZmVy-tmsS
Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-m\pw P\-t\-{nb tcmK--sfbpw Ah-bpsS kw{IaW km[y- X - I - s fbpw Ipdnv Adn- b m\pw Iuam- c - msc klm- b nt- - X p- v . P\- t \- { nb tcmK- , AWp- _ m- [ - I Ch- b psS
{][m\ e- W - tcmK- \ nWbw, NnIn- m- h n- [ n- I , ]I- c p
amK- XpS- nb Imcy- Ipn- I - f n- s e- n- m Cu ]- X nbn-eqsS Ign-bpw.
cmjv { S ]p\\nan- X nv ]cym- ] v X - a mb, am\- k n- I m- t cm- K y- a p Hcp
Xe- a p- d sb krjv S n- s - S p- pXn\p hnZym- ` ymk {]{In- b - b n
Iuamc hnZym-`ymkn\p {]m[m\yw Gsd-bm-Wv. Cu ]mTy]Xn
aptmv shp Bi-b- {]mtZ-inI ]cn-K-W-\-I Dsmp-sImpw Ipn-bpsS kmaq-lnI km-nI ]m-ew ]cn-KWn-p-sImv ]c-am-h[n imkv{Xob ]Z- D]-tbm-Kn-p-sImpw
\psS Ipn- I - f n- s e- n- m- \ p {iaw {]_p- - c mb A[ym- ] I
kaqlw Gs-Sp--Ww.

`mKw

PohnX ss\]p-Wn-I

skj: 1
1. kzbw Adn-bpI (Self Awareness) ..................................
skj: 2
2. Xbo-`mhw (Empathy) ...........................................................
skj: 3
3. km-I Nn (Creative Thinking) ..........................
skj: 4
4. hnai-\m-I Nn (Critical Thinking) .................
skj: 5
5. {]iv\-]-cn-lcW tijn (Problem Solving Skill)
6. Xocp-am\w FSp- (Decision Making) ..................
skj: 6
7. Bi-b-hn-\n-ab tijn (Communication Skill)...
skj: 7
8. hyn _-
(Personal Relationships) ...........................................................
skj: 8
9. hnIm-c--fpambn s]mcp--s-S
(Coping with Emotions)............................................................
10 am\-knI kwLj--fpambn s]mcp--s-S
(Coping with Stress) .....................................................................

Pohn-Xs
- s\-]p-Wn-I (Life Skills)
BapJw

Btcm-Ky-]-chpw krjvSn-]-c-hp-amb PohnXw \bn-p--Xn-\m-h-iy-amb Xocpam-\- FSp-p--Xn\pw ^e-h-mbn Bi-b-hn-\n-abw sNpXn\pw


kzbw Imcy- \S-p-Xn\pw hyn-Isf klm-bn-p Hcp Iqw kmaqlnI am\-knI tijn-I-sf-bmWv PohnX ss\]p-Wn-I Fv ]d-bp--Xv.
PohnX ss\]p-Wn-I F-a--h-bm-Wv. Fm Ah-bn ImX-emb
Nne-Xpv. _mey-Iu-amc Ime-L---fnse imco-cnI am\knI Btcm-Kyn\pw, ta-n\pw DX-Ip Acw ss\]p-Wn-I-fn kp{]-[m-\-am-bh
NphsS tNp-p.
kzbw Adn-bp-I. (Self awareness)
Xbo-`mhw (Empathy)
km-I Nn (Creative thinking)
hnai-\m-I Nn (Critical thinking)
{]iv\ ]cn-l-cW tijn (Problem Solving Skill)
Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp- (Decision Making)
Bib hn\n-ab tijn (Communication Skill)
hyn _- (Personal Relationship)
hnIm-c--fpambn s]mcp--s-S (Coping with Emotions)
am\-knI kwLj--fpambn s]mcp--s-S (Coping With Stress.)
""Iuam-c-mv Ah-cpsS k-tXm-ap-J-amb kpn-Xnpw \nXy-Po-hn-Xn shp-hn-fn-Isf t\cn-Sp-hm Icp-mPn-p--Xn\pw PohnX ss\]pWn-I-fpsS ]cn-t]m-jWw klm-b-I-am-Ip-p.''
aqeyt_m[n\pw \ne-\np PohnX coXnpw PohnX ssienpw
{]m[m\yw \In-sm-p {]{In-bm-[n-jvTnX t_m[-\- k-{-Zm-b-amWv Cu
`mKv Dsm-n-n-p--Xv.

skj 1
kzbw Adn-bpI (Self Awareness)
kabw: 1 aWnq (Bap-Jw 15 an\nv + 45 an\nv)

Dt-iy-
Pohn-X-ns alXzw a\-n-em-p-I.
Rm Bcm-sWpw Fs kz`mhw Fm-sW-pw XncndnbpXn\v.
Fs _ehpw _e-lo-\-Xbpw CjvShpw A\n-jvShpw icn-bmbn
hn-e-bn-cpn PohnXhnPbw t\SpXn\v.
honepw ]pdpw anI kmaq-ly-Po-hnXw \bn-m-\p
B-hn-izmkw hfp-Xn\pw hnth-I-]qhw Xocp-am-\-
ssIsmp--Xn\v.
KpW-tZm-j-sfn-bp {Inbm--I-Nn hfp--Xn\v
\nmW {]h-\--fn-tepw At\z-j-Wm-I {]h-\-fn-tepw Ipn-Isf \bn-p-Xn\v.
B-hn-izmkw h[n-p--tXm-Sp-IqSn Xs hyn-Xz-ns
Axk ]pd-p-sIm-p-h-cp-hm Ign-bp-p Fp
t_m[y-s-Sp--Xn\v.

]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
Nmv

OHP/ Slides

Nn{X-

{]h\w 1
Ipn-I-tfmSv Hcp ]mv ]mSm RP Bh-iy-s-Sp-p. Xm-dmbn hcp
Ipnsb sImv cp hcn ]mSnpp. AXn-\p-tijw Hcp Km\w ]cn-io-enn-pp. F-m-hcpw B Km\w ]mSpp. ]mSm Adn-bn Fv ap]v ]d-hcpw Km\w Be-]np Fv Dd-p-h-cp-pp.

10

Nmkq-NI
-
-
Cu ]mv Fm-hcpw ]mSn-bnt?
F\nv ]mSm-\p Ign-hn Fp Icp-Xn-bn-cp--h Dm-bn-cp-nt?
Ah-kcw h-tm Fm-hcpw ]mSn
Fo Nm-kq-N-I--fn-eqsS thWw \nK-a-\-n-se-m.

\nK-a\w
Ign-hp-I Fm-h-cnepw Dv, G-p-d-n-ep-I It-mw. kml-Ncyw
Dm-Ip-tm-gmWv Ign-hp-I Xncn--dn-bm\pw hfm\pw km[n-p--Xv.

{]h\w 2
Ipn-I-tfmSv Ah-c-h-cpsS Ign-hp-I Fgp--Xp-hm RP Bh-iy-s-Sp-p.
]qW-ambn ^e-{]m-]vXn-bn Fn-p-hm Ignbpw Fv D-a-t_m[y-ap Ign-hp-I-fmWv Fgp-tX--Xv.
Xmsg sImSp Nmv {]Zin-n-p-p. Ah-c-h-cpsS Ign-hp-Iv
t\scbp tImf--fn tbmPn-p--hbvv Yes Fpw tbmPn-m-h-bpsS t\sc No Fpw tcJ-s-Sp-m Bh-iy-s-Sp-p.
1.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

s]cp-amw sImv/ {]hn-sImv BIjn--s-Sp--h


ktm-j-hXn/ ktm-j-hm
Fm-n-s\bpw emL-h-tmsS ImWp--h
Ab-hp kz`mhaph
IrXy-\n-jvT-bp--h
Bobt_m[-ap--h
kwth-Z-\--a-X-bp--h
Icp-p--h
A-W-t_m-[-ap--h
]T-\-Xm]-cy-ap--h
ITn-\m-[zm-\-io-e-ap--h
kulmZ-`m-h-ap--h
DZmc-a-Xn-bm-b-h
kwKo-X-X]-c-X-bp--h
ckn-I-Xz-ap--h
]cn-K-W-\- \Ip--h
kln-jvWp-X-bph
{Inbm--I-X-bph
ss[cy-imenI

11

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
\nK-a\w

im-io-e-aph
Icp-W-bph
{im-ep-hmbh
kvt\l-aph
Iem-]-c-X-bph
\mbn Ifn-ph
kXy-k--X-bph
ap--hsc t{]mm-ln-n-ph
imco-cnI a-X-bph
B-hn-izm-k-aph
]mN-I-ssh-Z-Kv[y-aph
Nnm-io-e-aph
arZp-`m-jn-bmbh

]e-I-gn-hp-Ifpw ]ep-apv. Fm Nne Ign-hp-I-fn A]w ]nnem-Wv.

{]h\w 3
Ipn-Isf {Kqp-I-fmbn Xncn-mw. Hmtcm {Kqn-ep--hpw mv dqan\v
]pd-p Hcp {]tZiw B {Kqnse AwK--fpsS ssIh-i-ap km[-\km-a-{Kn-I D]-tbm-Knv thXn-cnv FSp-m-\p Ah-Imiw \Ipp.
BZyw Ah-cpsS ssIhiw bmsXmcp km[-\hpw Csv ]d-bp-sa-nepw
t], ame, hf, sNcpv, jm, _v, Io^v XpS-n-bh D]-tbm-Knv
Ah-c-h-cpsS e- thXn-cnv FSp-p--Xmbn ImWmw. AXnn
thXn-cnv IqSp-X ew tiJ-cn--hsc A\p-tam-Zn-mw.

R.P t{ImUo-I-cn-t-Xv
ssIhiw Hp-an Fv \mw Icp-Xn-bn-cpp Fnepw C{Xbpw km[\- \psS ssIhiw Dm-bn-cpp. \psS Ign-hp-Ifpw, inIfpw, KpW-fpw CXp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. ]pd-p-sIm-p-h-cp-hm \mw
Xs {ian--Ww. {]I-Sn-n-p--Xn-eq-sS-bmWv Ch sa-s-Sp--Xv. \nep-sv \mw Xs -a-\-n-em-p Ign-hp-I \apv Hmtcm Znhkhpw kzw Ub-dn-bn Fgp-Xmw.
kzbw Xncn--dn ]cn-an-Xn-I amn-sb-Sp--W-a-tm. AXn-\mbn kabw
\n-bnv Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-p-p. Bh-iy-sa-n ka-b-]-cn[n \op-p.

12

Hcp Ign-hp-an-m--h-cmbn Bcpw P\n-p-n. Hmtcm-cp--cn-ep-ap


Ignhv Fm-sWv Ip-]n-Snv ]cn-t]m-jn-n-p--Xn\pw ]cn-an-XnI Xncn--dnv Cm-Xm-p--Xn-\pw {ian-t--Xm-Wv.
{]Xn-Iq-ehpw A]-I-S-I-chp-amb kml-N-cy--fn AI-s-Sm-Xn-cn-p-Xn\pw Ah Hgn-hm-p--Xn-\pw kzw Ign--hp-Ifpw ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw
Xncn--dn-tb--Xm-Wv.
kv I qfn ]T- \ - n anIhv sXfn- b n- p IpnIsf- b m- b n- c npw
s]mXpsh Bfp-I IqSp-X CjvS-s-Sp--Xv. ]T-\-n ]ntmw
\np-h
- tami-m-cm-sWv kzbw Icp-tX-X
- n-. Ahv Xmev]cy-ap, X-fp-tS-Xmb taJ-e-I-fn kzw Ignhv sXfn-bn-p-hm
Ign-bpw.

{]h\w 4
Hcp jov t]-dn \Sp-hn-embn hrw hcv Ah-c-hcpsS t]cv henb
A-c-n Fgp-Xp-hm ]d-b-Ww. hr hc-nv Ah-bn Fs
{]tXy-I-X-I, F\nv ad-m\mhm hyn-I, F\nv sNm Ignbp Imcy-, F\nv {]nb-s `-Ww. Fo Xe-s-p-I \In
Fgp-Xn-p-I. Ah-c-h-sc-nbpff Adn-hp-I-fmWv Fgp-Xp--sXv Hman-np-I. XpSv Xmsg sImSp-n-cn-p hmIyw ]qn-bm-p-hm ]d-bWw.

sskn-tfmw

KmnPn

..............................................

F\nv sNm
Ign-bp Imcy-

.......................................

Fs A

F\nv ad-m-\mhm hyn-I

.......................................

.......................................

.......................................

.......................................

.......................................

A\ojv
.......................................

.......................................

F\nv {]nb-s
`Ww
]pv, ISe

..............................................

Fs
{]tXy-IX
- I
-
s]v kSw
hcpw

..............................................

13

""Rm Fs-n Nne Imcy- a\-n-emn. Ah-bn ..............................


Fp-f-fXv Fs hf-sc-b-[nIw ktm-jn-n-p Imcy-am-Wv.''
""F\nv hfsc ktm-j-apv. Fp-sIm-s-m Rm Rm\mIpXv ............., ............., ..............., sImm-Wv.''
Iqp-ImtcmSv bp-amb aqv hmp-I tNv ]qcn-n-p-hm Bhiy-s-Smw.

R.P t{ImUo-I-cn-t-Xv
BIp-n-Ipw s]Ip-n-Ipw hyXy-kvX-amb tijn-I-fpw Ignhp-I-fpw Dv. imco-cnI BtcmKyw, am\-knI Btcm-Kyw, am\-kn-I-amb
{]k--X, kzmX-{y-t_m-[w, kpc-n-X-Xz-t_m-[w, kmaq-ly-\oXn, BZiw,
aqey-t_m[w Fn-h-bn- Ipn-I-fn G-p-d-n-ep-I Dv. Ah-bp-ambn
s]mcp--s-S-W-sapw Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb A-cow \mw Xs ]cp-h-sSpnsbSp--W-sapw Ipn-Isf t_m[y-s-Sp--Ww.

14

skj 2
Xbo-`mhw (Empathy)
kabw: 30 an\nv

tNmZy-s-nbpw kwi-b-\n-hm-c-Whpw Ds-Sp-Ww

Dt-iy-
kmaq-lnI {]Xn-_--X, am\-ho-b-X, kvt\lw, B{Z-X XpSn-bh Bm-ambn {]mhn-I-am-phm Xbo-`mhw
(empathy) hf-tc--Xpv Fv t_m[y-s-Sp-Xn\v.
Pohn-X-ns B-cn-Ihpw `uXn-I-hp-amb KpW-tabmWv
Hcp cmjv{S-ns ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS am\-Z-WvU-. Ah hfcp-hm X-a-bo`mh-n Dun-bp Nn-I-fpw {]h-\fpw AXy-m-t]-n-XamsWv a\-n-em-n-sm-Sp-p--Xn\v

]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
t]

Nmv

RP hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h

Hmtcm hynbpw `n kz`m-h


- m-cm-Wv. Hcm Nnn-p-Xpw {]hnp-Xpw asm-cm-fn \np XnIpw hyXy-kvX-amb coXn-bn-em-Wv.
ap--h-cpsS kpJZpxJ kzw A\p-`-h--fm-bn--v, Ah-bpambn XmZmyw {]m]n-p-tm-gp-m-Ip am\-kn-Im-h--bvmWv
Xbo-`mhw Fp ]d-bp--Xv.

{]h\w 5
A[ym-]-I Hcp kw`hw hnh-cn-p-p.
"tdmU-cn-In-eqsS \S-p-t]m-Ip Hcp kv{Xo. {]tZiw s]mXpsh hnP-\am-Wv. s]sp IpXn-s-nb tamtm ssknfns CSn-tbv Ah
sXdn-p-ho-gp-p. Kpcp-X-c-ambn ]cn-tv \ne-hn-fn-p Ah-cpsS B`-c-W tamtm ssknImc Xn-sb-Sp-v Xncnv IpXnp-p. IS-pt]mb hgn-bm-{X-m CXv Ku\n-n-. Ipdv kabw Ignv Hcp s]mXp{]-h-I Xs hml-\-n AXp-hgn hcp-p. kv{Xosb Ip Imcy At\z-jn-p-p. Ah hnn hnn \S Imcy-- Hcp hn[w ]d-

15

sm-n-p. hmsX Ah-i-bmbn Ign-n-cp-p. ""CXv hfsc IjvT-am-bntmbn'' Xm AXym-hi


- y- Imcy-n\p t]mhp-Ib
- m-sWpw t]mIp hgnv
t]meo-kn Adn-bnv thXp sNm-\p Gm-Sp-m-msapw ]dv
Abm ew hnp. Aev]w Ignp asmcp sNdp--m-c tamtm
ss_n AXp-hgn hp. Imcy- a\-n-emn Abm Xs _mKn
\nv Ipn-sb-Spv shw \IpIbpw samss_ t^m D]-tbm-Knv
Hcp Hmtm-dn hnfnv hcpn kv{Xosb Bip-]-{Xn-bn sImp-t]m-hpIbpw t]meo-kns\ Adn-bn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kv{XobpsS hop-Imsc hnhcw
Adn-bn-p NnIn-bvv th ]Whpw apw \Ip-p. Xm AXym-hiy-ambn t]mbn-sm-n-cp e-tv bm{X-bm-Ip-p. XncnsI hcptm hopw Bip-]-{Xn- kin-p-p. kv{XobpsS _p- hfsc
aXn- t msS Ct- l - t mSv kwkm- c n- p- p. Fm {]iw- k - I - f n
Xm]cyw ImWn-p-n-. CXv am\p-jn-I-at F `mhnemWv Abm.

Nm-kq-NI
-
-
Cu kw`-h-n GsXmw hyn-Isf \mw ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p? Ah
Bsc-m-am-Wv?
ChcpsS kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-I Fsmw?
A\p-I, Xbo-`mhw Fnh thXn-cn--dn-bhn[w Fsms
A\p-`-h- Ipn-Ipv?
RP

hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h/ t{ImUo-I-cn-t-h

1.

Fm-hpw \--bp-m-IWw. F\npw \-bp-m-I-Ww.

2.

Fm-hpw \-bp-m-IWw. F\nv Aev]w IqSp-X \ DmIWw.

3.

Bpw \-bp-m-I-cpXv. F\nv am{Xw \ Dm-I-Ww.

Cs\ aqp Xc-n-ep hyn-Isf kaq-l-n ImW-phm


\apv km[npw. Bcpw c-snsnepw thn F\nv c-s-SWw. sIm-m-cs at\m-`mhw AXm-Wv. Cu {]]--nep-sXmw
F\n-p--Xm-Wv. Rm Fm-n-t\bpw NqjWw sNbvXv Fs sFizcyw
hn-npsapw ap--h-cpsS Zpx-J-fpw hnIm-c-fpw Hcp {]iv\-a
Fpw Cq- Nnn-p-p. kzm-Xbvv {]m[m-\y-ap at\m-`m-h-amW-Xv. cm-as hn`m-K-nsSp--h kzw kpJ-n\pw sFiy--cyn\pw {]m[m\yw sImSp-p-hcmWv. Ahv ap--h-cpsS thZ-\-bn

16

A\p-Xm]w Ds-nepw X-bo`m-h-ambn AXv hfcp-n-. Fm sNdp-m-c\v ap-h-cpsS ZpxJ Fs-IqSn ZpxJambn A\p-`-h-s-Sp-p.
Atlns ho-W-n F\n-p--sXmw ap--hpw IqSn DXmWv. Fs ka-bhpw [\hpw kpJ--ku-I-cy-fpw ap--hpw Ah-Imi-s--Xm-Wv. a\p-jy-Xzhpw am\-ho-I-X-bvp-am-Wn-hnsS {]m[m\yw. hnim-eamb Nnm-K-Xn-bm-Wn-Xv.
sNdp--m-c A\p-Xm]w {]I-Sn-n-p-p [\hpw ka-bhpw a\pw
imco-cnI A[zm-\hpw Bm kvt\lhpw Zb-bp-samw apdn-th-- Bv
\Ip-p, AhcpsS thZ\ kzw thZ-\-bmbn ImWp-p, CXn-s\-bmWv
Xbo-`mhw F ]Zw sImv hnh-n-p-Xv Fv RP t{ImUo-I-cnWw
A[ym-]-I Hcp kw`hw IqSn hnh-cn-p-p.
kvIq hnSp ka-bv Ipn-I Iq-ambn ]pd-tv hcp kmlNcyw Hmp-I. Atm HcmIpn s]Ip-n-I-fpsS apn Aev]w
"ssj' sNp-hm sskn-fn\v thKw Iqp-Itbm Fs-nepw {]tXy-Iambn Imn-q-p-Itbm sNpp. Fm Ah Ah-cpsS a[y-n
adnp hogp-Ib
- mWv Dm-bXv Fv Icp-Xp-I. Fm-hcpw Nncn-pI kzm`mhn-I-am-Wv. Fm B Ipn-bpsS Imap-dnv cw hcn-I-bm-sW-n
lmkyw A\p-I-bvv (sympathy) hgn-amdpw \psS apJv lmkyw
ad-bp-Ibpw hnjmZw Dm-hp-Ibpw sNpw. ]nSn-s-gp-t]n-p-Ibpw
apdn-hp-I-fn acpp ]pc-p-hm-\p ko-I-c-W- Hcpp-Ibpw sNptm Cu A\p-I Xbo-`m-h-ambn (empathy) amdp-p.
RP hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h

A\p-tbm-Py-amb kw`-h- hnh-cn-p-I. DZm-l-c-W-n\v:


Xncp- h - \ - - ] pcw Bn- `mKv \mj- W sslth- b n Hcp
kv{XobpsS arX-i-co-c-n\p apI-fn-eqsS At\Iw hml-\- Ibdn Cdn-b-Xmbpw B arX-i-cocw tiJ-cnv kwkvImcw \S-p--Xn\v klmbn t]meo-kp-Imv AhmUv e`n--Xmbpw \mw ]{X--fn \nv Adnn-p-v. Cv tdmU-cp-In cw hmv acn-p--h-cpsS Fw hnp-p. ""Cs Imev ap--hv thn _pn-ap-p-Xv \apv
IqSp-X {]iv\--ft Dm-p--Xv. tIkv, tImS-Xn, kmn hnkvXmcw
Cu s]mm-n-s\ms Fn\p t]mIp-p.'' s]mXp-sh-bp kwi-bamWnXv. \psS kmaq-lnI ]m--e-n \nv DS-se-Sp Hcp Nnm-K-Xnbm-Wn-Xv. Fm-hcpw kzw taJe Dd-n-p--Xn-\p X{X-m-Sn-emWv.

17

t{ImUo-Ic
- Ww
ZpxJn-p--h-tcm-sSmw ZpxJn-p-Ibpw XymKw kln-p--h-tcm-sSmw
XymKw kln-p-Ibpw kzw Xmev]-cy--tfm-sSmw A]-cs Xmev]-cy-fpw
kwc-n-p-hm {ian-p-Ibpw sNp-I-bmWv Xbo-`mhw sImv Dt-inp--Xv. {InkvXphpw _p\pw \_n-bp-samw \apv amXr-I-bmbn Xoc-Ww.
alm-m-Km-n, aZ sXtck XpS-n-b-h-cpsS Pohn-Xhpw \apv hgn-Im-nbm-th--Xm-Wv.
Iuam-c-{]m-b-m-cpsS CS-bn-ep {]iv\-v Ipsd-qSn {]m[m\yw
RP \I-Ww. A`n-am-\--Xw, kzIm-cy-X, A`n-am-\-t_m-[w, Iuamc {]iv\ imco-cn-Iw, am\-knIw Ch-bn-semw Xbo-`mhw F Pohn-X-ss\]pWn hfn Iuamc kaq-l-n Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb A-cow hfphm {ian--W-w.

18

skj 3
kKm-I Nnm-tijn (Creative Thinking)
kabw: 45 an\nv

tNmZy-s-nbpw kwi-b-\n-hm-c-Whpw Ds-Sp-Ww

Dt-iy-
\mw Fs\ Nnn-ppshpw krjvSn-]-c-amb \psS
Nnsb kzm[o-\n-p LS-I- (PohnX amXr-I-I,
am[ya, Iebpw kmln-Xy-hpw, aXw, ]cn-n-Xn, \nbaw
XpS-n-b-h) Fs-m-sapw Xncn--dn-bp--Xn-\v.
\nXyPohn-X-n \mw t\cn-Sp {]iv\sf kml-N-cy-\p-k-cnv {Inbm--I-ambn ]cn-l-cn-phm kKmI Nn-I \s klm-bn-p-p Fv t_m[y-s-Sp-Xn\v.
hn`-h-sf em`-I-c-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-p-hm\pw av PohnX
ss\]p-Wn-I-sf Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X-ambn {]tbm-P\-s-Sp-phm\pw kKm-I Nnm-tijn \s klm-bn-p-p Fv
t_m[y-s-Sp--Xn\v.
Htc kml-Ncys hyXykvXXe--fn \nv t\mnv {Inbm-Iambn {]Xn-I-cnp--Xn\v. kKm-I Nnmtijn {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-p--Xn-\v.

]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
Nmv

t]

Nn{X-

{]h\w 6
Nm-kq-NI
-
-
k-bn-I-bn \nt]nncp 1500/ cq] XncnsI e`n-p. B ]Ww
\n GsXmw hn[-n sNe-h-gn-pw?

19

\n-fpsS kplr-ns amXm-]n-Xm- Ftmgpw Ie-ln-phcmWv


AsXmcp Akz- Xbm- b n- X o- c p- pshv Ah ]cm- X n- s - S p- p.
Ahs kam-[m-\-n-\mbn \nv Fv t]mwh-gn-bmWv \ntZ-inm-\p--Xv?
Hmtcm tNmZy-n\pw Ipn-I I-nb km[y-X-I Nmp sNpp. Hmtcm km[y-Xbpw A]-{K-Ynv khn-ti-j-X-I t_m[y-s-Spp-p.
Nn-bnse/ km[y-X-I-fnse auenIX, t{]cn-n LS-I-
km[y-X-IfpsS hyXy-kvXX
Nnn-m t{]cn-n LS-I-
aqey-t_m[w
apX-em-bh

R.P t{ImUo-I-cWw
ap--h-cn \np hyXykvXambn-p-Xpw {]tXy-I-X-bp-Xpw AXpey-am-b-Xp-amb Nn-bmWv krjvSn-]-c-amb Nn (kKm-I Nn)
hnime hmb-\-bn-eqsS e`n-p Adn-hv, P-kn--ambn e`n-p
DmgvN (Insight) temI-]-cn-Nbw, A\p-`-h-m\w, AXn-cp-I-fnm A`n-hmRvO Fn-hbpw CXns B[m-c-ambn Icp-Xmw. hyXykvX-ambn Nnn-p-hm\pw kaql\sb IcpXn ]pXnb ]pXnb Ip]n-Sp-- \S-p-hm\pw CXv klm-bn-p-p.
{Inbm-I Nn-I a\p-jy-\-bvv D]-bp--am-I-Ww.

{]h\w 7
B.]n Xmsg sImSp-n-p Nn{Xw
Ipn-Isf ImWn-p-p.
Nn{X-n Fp-Im-Wpp? N
Fm- h cpw Htc coXn- b n- e mtWm
IXv?
hyXykvX coXn- b n- e mWv \mw
Nn{Xs I-Xv.
t{ImUo-Ic
- Ww
Hmtcm-cp-cpsSbpw C{nb kwthZ\w hyXy-kvX-am-sWv Is-pp.

20

\msa-m-hcpw Zin {]Ir-Xnsb Imfn-Zm-k-\pw tjIvkv]n-b-dpw


thUvkv shpw Iovkpw _jo-dpw XI-gn-bpw, chn-ha-a-bpw, tPm F{_lm-apw \yq-Wpw sFo-\pw Keo-en-tbm-bpw I-sX--s\-sbpw kKmI Nn-bn-eqsS \ne-\np PohnX amXr-II
- f
- mbn Ah-sb-s\ Xopshpw \apv Adn-hp--Xm-Wtm?

{]h\w 8
"Rm apJy-a-{n-bm-bm' GsXms {]h-\-mWv apKW\ \IpI? Fp-sImv?
hyn-K-X-c-N\ 5 an\nv
s]mXp Ah-X-cWw N, Nmv
N-bn
Hmtcmcp-cp-sSbpw ImgvN-mSv/ PohnX hoWw
]mcn-n-Xn-I-t_m[w
aX--fpsS kzm[o\w
am[y-a--fpsS kzm[o\w Fnh Hmtcm cN-\-bnepw {]Xn-^-en-p-Xmbn t_m[y-s-Sp-p.
t{ImUo-Ic
- Ww
Hcp k`s \mw hnhn[ hoW tImWp-I-fn-eqsS t\mn-v
hymJym-\n-p-Ibpw {]Xn-I-cn-p-Ibpw sNpp. CXns\ Htsd LSI- kzm[o-\n-p-p. Bi-b-hn-\n-ab tijn, hyn-_-w, Aht_m[w Fn-h cN-\-I-fn {]Xn-^-en-pw.

{]ikvX kwKo-X-- kq_n salvX-bpsS Hmkv{S \S-p-I-bmbn-cp-p. Atlw Hcp ]\n-\oq-ame Igp-n-e-Wn-n-cp-p. Hmkv{S
D- m- b n- b n- s e- n- b - t m CX- f p- I - f - S v kwKoX hnZzms
Im NnXdn hoWp-sIm-n-cp-p. ImWn-In-S-bn-en-cp Hcm
Xs `mcy-tbmSv ]dp. ""Hmkv{S Ign-bp-tm Abm--fpsS Igpn Hcp NcSp am{Xta ImWp''
Atm AbmfpsS `mcy adp]Sn ]dp.
"Bbncnmw, ]s Atm Atlw tdmkmqhpIfpsS
at\mlcamb sabpsS taembncnpw \npI."
Fnt\mSpw \apv cphn[n {]XnIcnmw.
{InbmIambpw \ntj[mIambpw...

21

skj 4
hnai-\m-I Nnm-tijn (Critical Thinking Skills)
kabw: 45 an\nv

tNmZy-s-nbpw kwi-b-\n-hm-c-Whpw Ds-Sp-Ww

Dt-iy-
{]iv\-fpw hkvXp-X-Ifpw Imcy-Im-c-W-k-lnXw hnth-Nn-dnv hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb hni-I-e-\-n-\p Ignhv BnpXn\v.
aqey-{]-iv\-, ka-{]m-b-m-cn \np kw Ch
hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Xocp-am\w FSp-p-hm {]m]vX-cm-pXn\v.
A]-I-S-km-[y-X-bp Xocp-am-\- kzbw FSp-tn hcptm aqey--sf ASn-m-\-s-Spn ]p\-hn-Nn--\-n\p {]m]vXn t\SpXn\v.

]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
OHP/ Slides

t]

Nn{X-

{]h\w 9
Ipn-I Hcp hnt\m-Z-bm{X t]mIp-hm B{K-ln-p-p. RP DNn-X-amb
GsX-nepw ew \nt-in-p-I. GXp hml\ kuIcyw Gs-Sp-W-sa-mWv \n Hmtcm-cp-cpw Icp-Xp--Xv. A`n-{]mb
tiJ-cn-p-I. Im\-Sb
- m-bn t]mImw, km _n t]mImw, Imdn
t]mImw, Sqdnv _n t]mImw, s{Sbn-\n t]mImw. slen-tIm-]vdn t]mImw. As\ Ipn-I Ah-c-h-cpsS A`n-{]m-b- ]d-bpp.
Hmtcm bm{X-bvp-ap t\-fpw tIm-fpw, ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw km[y-XIfpw, km-nI em`hpw \jvShpw thXn-cnv t]mkn-ohv s\K-o-hv
F coXn-bn (+, -- ) Fgp-Xp-hm Ah-tcmSv Bh-iy-s-Smw. (hnai\m-I Nn-bn-eqsS hne-bn-cp-p-I.)

22

amXrI
{Ia\w
1

bm{Xm-ku-Icyw
Im\S

_kv

km[yX
1
2
3
1
2
3

]cn-anXn
1
2
3
1
2
3

Nm-kq-NI
-
-
BZys Xocp-am-\-n am-ap-mtbm?
Hcp Xocp-am\w FSp-p-tm-gp am\-knI {]{In-b-I GsXms?
t{ImUo-Ic
- Ww
Btem-Nnt Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-m-hq.
KpW-tZm-j-, km[yX-I, ]cn-an-Xn-I Fn-h ]cn-K-Wn--Ww.
FSp Xocp-am-\- ]p\x]cn-tim-[nv kzbw t_m[y-sSWw.
Ipn-Isf \mep {Kqp-I-fmbn Xncn-p-p. Hmtcm {Kqn\pw Xmsg ]dbp Hmtcm {]iv\- \Ip-p. {Kqn N sNbvXv Xocp-am-\-fpw
bpnbpw Ah-X-cn-n-p-p. ap {Kqp-Ipw {]Xn-I-cn-mw.

{]h\w 10
Iuamc {]mb-n-ep-ff Ipn-Isf BIjn- hn[-n-ep-ff hnhc-W-tm-Sp-IqSn Hcp knK-c-ns ]ckyw Sn.hn. bn {]Zin-n-pp.
B ]c-kysn hnai-\m--I-amb Hcp dntmv Xm-dm-m IpnI-tfmSv ]d-bp-I.
]mw mn ]Tn-p Hcp s]Ip-n-bpsS amXm-]n-Xm-v
Ahsf Hcp tUmIvS-dm--W-sav B{Klw. hfsc Zqsc-bp-ff Hcp ]W-n F{Skv tImnw-Kn\v tNm Ah- Ahsf Ahn-Ss
Hcp tlm-en Xma-kn-n-p-p. Cu kml-N-cy-s-p-dnv \nfpsS hnai-\m-I hnebn-cp-- Xm-dm-p-I.
\n-fpsS ASp- honse kkz`m-hn-bmb Hcp apXn Ipn, AbmfpsS hon amcp-an-m--tm \nsf Hcp hoUntbm t{]m{Kmw
ImWm Wn-p-p. Cu kml-N-cyn \n Fs\ {]Xn-Icnpw? Fp-sImv?

23

Hcp {]tXyI I-\n-bpsS Hcp em]v tSmv Iyq- hmm\mbn \n


Hcp IS-bn sNp-p. B tam-U B IS-bnen. asmcp tamU
hmm IS-m-c \n-tfm-Sm-h-iy-s-Sp-p. \n Cu kml-Ncyn Fv Xocp-am-\-sa-Sppw? Fp-sImv?
RP

hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h/ t{ImUo-I-cn-t-h

GXp Imcy-s-n Xocp-am\w FSp-t-n-h-cp-tmgpw A\p-Iq-ehpw


(t]mkn-o-hv) {]Xn-Iq-e-hp-amb (s\K-o-hv) Imcy-fpw AXn AS-n-bn-cnpXmbn ImWmw.

DZmlcWw
kplrZv _- sXc-s-Sp-tn hcp-tm
GXp Nm\ ImWWsav B{K-ln-p-tm
el-cn-]-Zm- D]-tbm-Knp-hm Ah-kcw Inp-tm
GXp cmjv{Sob ]mn-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-bm-I-W-sav Nnn-ptm
GXp kn\na ImW-W-sav Nnn-p-tm
C-s\-bp Ah--bn \mw hkvXp-X-I hni-I-e\w sNbvXv
(hnai-\m-Iambn Nnnv) KpW-fpw tZmj-fpw thXn-cn-s-Spv a\pjy-\--bvpw, am\-hn-I-Xbvpw {]m[m\yw \Iph kzoI-cn-p-I. ]cnan-Xn-Ifpw km[y-X-Ifpw Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-p hynsb ASn-m-\-am-n-bmsWv {Klnv, A]-{K-Y-\-tijn ssIh-cnv thWw Xocp-am-\--fn-tev
sNs-t--Xv.
aqey- hnizm-k--fpambn _-s-n-cn-p-p. hynsb kw_nv BZi-fpw am\-Z-WvU-fpw {][m-\-am-sW--h Icp-Xp-p.
\n Fv \-Xm-sWpw Fv No-bm-sWpw Nnn-ppthm
AXmWv \n-fpsS aqey-
IqSp-X sa-s-Xpw D-c-hm-Zn- ]qW-hpamb Nn-ImWv \mw
-{]m-[m\yw \tI--Xv.
kv{Xobpw ]pcp-j\pw Xn-ep imco-cnI hyXymkw t]mse Nnm-KXn-I-fnepw hyXymkw DmImw. BIp-n-Ipw s]Ip-n-Ipw
hyXy-kvX-amb kmaq-ly Ihy--fp-v. hyXykvX aqeyt_m[-fmhmw Ahp--Xv. (k-aq-lhpw CXv AwKo-I-cn-p--Xn-\m
s]Ipn-Iv kaql a\-n BIp-n-Isf At]-nv ]cn-K-

24

W\ IqSp-XemWv). Ah hf-cp-tm kaq-l-n Ahv hyXykvX-amb tdmfp-I Dv. Ah aqey--fmbpw amdpw. B aqey-pw
Imem--c-n am-apmIpw. BIp-n-Ifpw s]Ip-n-Ifpw ]ckv]cw a\-n-em-t--h-cm-sW hkvXpX hfsc {]m[m-\y-alnpp.
elcn ]Zm-fpsS D]-tbm-Kw, tZmj-I-c-amb ]c-t{]-c-W, Agn-a-Xn,
kzP-\]
-
- ]
- m-Xw, aqey-Nyp-Xn, ssIq-en, A{I-a{- ]-h-\
- , AkmmKnI {]h-\- XpS-n-b-h-bn-semw hnai-\m-I Nnbn-eqsS tZmj-hi
-
- sf Xn-cn-d
- nv Ch-bvs-Xnsc Xocp-am-\s
- a-Sp-m
Ipn-I {]m]vX-cm-hWw.

25

skj 5
{]iv\-]-cn-l-cW tijn (Problem Solving Skill)
Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp- (Decision Making)
kabw: 45 an\nv

tNmZy-s-nbpw kwi-b-\n-hm-c-Whpw Ds-Sp-Ww

Dt-iy-
{]iv\ ]cn-l-c-W-n-\p hnhn[ L--sf-p-dnv [mcW
ssIh-cn-p--Xn\v
Adnhpw am\-kn-I-ti-jn-bpw D]-tbm-Knv hnNn-\w \Sn
{]iv\-n\v DNn-X-amb ]cn-lmcw ImWp--Xn-\p tijn
hfp-I.
kml-N-cy--\p-k-cnv Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-m-\p tijn
t\Sp--Xn-\v.

]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
Ib

t]

5 Xqhm-e-I

Nmv

{]h\w 11
5 Ipn-Isf tPn-tev Wn-p-I. 5 t]cp-tSbpw Ip-I Io^v
D]-tbm-Knv sIpI.
\of-ap Hcp Ib 5 t]cpsS Cu {Kqn\v \Ip-I. Ib ka-N-Xp-cn-em-p-hm Ah-tcmSv Bh-iy-s-Sp-I.
Cu Ap t]cpw kwkm-cn-p Imcy- tcJ-s-Sp-p-hm av
Ipn-I-fn \nv 5 t]sc Npa-X-e-s-Sp-p-I.
Adnhpw Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bhpw {]tbm-P-\-s-Spn Hcp Ipn ka-N-Xpc
\nm-W-ns t\XrXzw Gs-Sp-t-mw. Cu Ipn Ipn-Isf
kwL-Sn-nv \nmWw ]qo-I-cn-t-mw.

26

Ipdnv: kzbw Adn-bpI, kKm-I Nn, hnai-\m-I


Nn, {]iv\-]-cn-l-cW Ign-hv, Xocp-am\w FSp-, Bi-b-hn-\nabw Fo tijn-I Cu Ifn-bn-eqsS DZm-l-cn-p-hm RP v
km[n-pw.
RP hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h/

t{ImUo-I-cn-t-h

BZyw 5 Ipn-Ifpw kzX-{-cm-Wv. Ip-I sIp-tm ImWm-\p


kzmX{yw \jvS-s-Sp-p. {]iv\w AhnsS Bcw-`n-p-p. ImgvN-bn-m
Ah-cpsS apn asmcp {]iv\w IqSn kwPm-X-am-Ip-p. Ib sImv kaN-Xpcw \nn-p-I F-Xm-W-Xv. Cu kml-N-cy-n Xs {Kqv Asn hyn-I {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-p--Xn-s\-Sp-p {Inbm--I-Nn, hnai\m--I- Nn, Bi-b-hn-\n-abw Fn-h-sbmw RP hni-Zo-I-cn--Ww.
ap]v ]cm-ain hnai-\m-I Nn-bn KpW hi-fpw tZmj-hifpw Is-n--gn-m {]iv\-]-cn-lcW tijn efn-X-am-bn-ocp-sav Ipn-Isf t_m[y-s-Sp--Ww.
Hcp Ipn-bpsS {]iv\]cn-l-cW \n]p-WX Ah-s- Xo-cp-am\w FSp-m\p tijn-tbbpw kzm[o-\n-pp Fv RP hni-Zo-I-cn--Ww.
KpW-fpw tZmj-fpw IrXy-ambn thXn-cn-s-Sp-p Hcp Ipnv
(\ymbm-\ymbsf thXn-cn--dn-bp Hcp Ipnv) Xocp-am\w FSpp-hm hfsc thKw km[n-p-p.

{]h\w 12
Xmsgd-bp Ipsd kml-N-cy- Ipn-I-fpsS Nn-bvmbn \Imw.
5 k`- Ipn-I-fpsS 5 {Kqn-\mbn \Ip-p. Hmtcm kml-N-cynepw
Ipn-I Fp sNpw? Ipn-I-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw Fm-bn-cnpw? {Kqn
N, Is- Ah-X-cn-n-, ap {Kqp-I-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-Ww, t{ImUo-Ic-Ww.
kml-Nc
- y-
$

\nv ImXp-Ip-Ww. \n-fpsS Iqp-Imcn \nsf ASpp tjmn-te-v sImp-t]mbn. tjmv I-tm \nv
aXnv tXmn-bn-. am{X-a, AWp-hn-ap--am-m kqNn-bn-eqsS
HIV / AIDS ]I-cp-sapw Hmp. ImXp-Ip-p BtfmSv
Unkvt]m-k_n kqNn D]-tbm-Kn-p-hm \n Bh-iy-sp
]t Abm- \nc-kn-p.

27

\n Fp-sNpw?
\nfpsS {]Xn-I-cWw F-s\-bm-bn-cnpw?

RP

\n-fpsS Hcp IpSpw-_-kp-lrv kvIq hn-tm \nv


ss_n Hcp en^vv Xcm-sav ]d-bp-p. ]t \nv
Abmsf A{X aXn-n-. am{X-hp-a apt Abm-fpsS kman]yw
hfsc Atcm-N-Ihpw Ak-ly-hp-ambn \nv tXmn-bn-p-apv. hopw Abm \nsf Wn-p-I-bm-Wv.
\n Fp-sNpw?
\n-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw F-s\-bm-bn-cnpw?

\n-fpsS Nne kplr-p- \n-tfmSv ]d-b-pp. ""Rtfm-sSmw aZy-]n-p-Ibpw ab-p-a-cp-p-I D]-tbm-Kn-p-Ibpw


A-d-Nn-d ASn-]n-Sn-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fn ]m-fn BIp-Ibpw sNm
\n\v km[y-a-s-n, \o RfpsS I\n hnp-t]m-Ip-I.
\n Fp-sNpw?
\n-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw F-s\-bm-bn-cnpw?

\n- (BIp-n-Itfm/s]Ip-n-I-tfm) _n bm{X sNpI-bm-Wv. \n-fpsS kon-t\mSv tNv Hcm hp \np-p.


Abm \nsf D]-{Z-hn-m {ian-p-p. (AXv Nne-tm \nfpsS kplr-tm Abm-ct\m {]ikvX-t\m s]mXp kXt\m kl-]m-Tntbm BImw).
\n Fp-sNpw?
\n-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw F-s\-bm-bn-cnpw?

kocn-ben A`n-\-bn-pXn\v ]pXp-ap-J-sf Bh-iy-apv


F ]ckyw ]{X-n \n ImWp-hm-\n-S-bm-bn. kvIq
\mS-I-n anI A`n-\bw ImgvN-sh \nv A`n-\-bn-W-sav B{K-l-ap-v. kplr-p--tfmSv At\z-jn--tm CXn\p-]n-n A\m-imky {]h-\-mbn s]Ip-n-Isf
t{]cn-n-p Nne-cp-sv t_m[y-am-bn. Fm \n-fpsS
Ghpw ASp Hcp _p "Cu kphm-h-kcw \jvS-s-Sp-cpXv' Fp ]dv \nsf \nc-cw \n_-n-pp \n
Fp sNpw?

hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h/ t{ImUo-I-cn-t-h
\mw Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-p kml-N-cy- ]e-Xm-Wv.

28

1.

kz-am-bp Xocp-am-\-

2.

ap--h-cpsS t{]c-W-bm Dh

3.

kaq-l-ns k-m Dh

\apv CjvS-an-m kml-N-cy--fn ]e-tmgpw \ ]e kv hg-p-I-tbm Bmsc shdp-n-t--Xn/_pn-ap-n-t--Xn


Fp IcpXn {]Xn-I-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-Itbm sNpI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. ]t
{]iv\- H-hm-p-sImv ]cn-l-cn-m-hpXmbn-cn-mw. Cu {]Xn-I-cWw
XpSp am\-kn-I-k-w Hgn-hm-p--Xn\pw kmaq-lnI _--fn
\nv ]nam-dm-Xn-cn-p--Xn\pw klm-bn-p-p.
ap\nt-in kmlN-cy--fn Ipn-I Ign-hXpw hyn-_--
XImsX "NO' (C, AXv th) Fv Ak-n-Kv-ambn ]d-bm-\p
Ignhv Bn--Ww. CjvS-an-m {]h-\--fn ]m-fn-I-fm-ImsX
"NO' Fv ]d-bm-\p Bhw Ipn-I {]I-Sn-n--W-sav RP Ai-bvv CS-bn-m--hn[w t_m[ys-Sp--Ww.
(C-. Acp-Xv. th) ]d-tb--sX-s\?
1.

Nncn-p-sImv arZp-hmbn hn\-b-tmsS 'No' Fv ]d-bmw.

2.

NncnmsX ZrV-ambn 'No' Fv ]d-bmw.

3.

'No' ]d-bm-\p ImcWw ]d-bmw.

4.

_Z {]h\w \nt-inmw

5.

\n-fpsS hnIm-c- (Nn--I) Xpdv ]d-bmw.

6.

Ip-I-fn Xd-n-p-t\mn Xt-S-tmsS ITn-\-ambn 'No' Fv


]d-bmw.

7.

Xncnv \S-p- t]mImw

8.

Ahsc Hgn-hmmw

9.

B kml-Ncyw Xs krjvSn-m-Xn-cn-mw.

10.

{]mb-]qn-bm-b-h-cp-ambn kwkm-cnv Ah-cpsS klmb klI-c-W- Dd-p-h-cp-mw.

29

skj 6
Bibhn\n-ab tijn (Communication Skill)
kabw: 60 an\nv

tNmZy-s-nbpw kwi-b-\n-hm-c-Whpw Ds-Sp-Ww

Dt-iy-
^e-{]-Z-amb Bi-b-hn-\n-ab ss\]p-Wn-I hfp--Xn\v
Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-n Dm-tb-m-hp ]mI-n-g-hpIfpsS
kqvamw-i- t_m[y-s-Sp--Xn-\v.
^e-{]-Z-amb Bibhn\n-a-b-n\v Xm D]-tbm-Kn-p
hmp-I, tNjvS-I, {]I-Sn-n-p `mh- Fnh s]mcp-s-Sp-tm-gmWv ^e-{]m]vXn ssIh-cp-Xv Fv t_m[ys-Sp--Xn-\v.
BZi-\n-jvT-amb hynXz hnI-k-\-n\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb
Bi-b-hn-\n-ab tijn Bh-iy-am-sWv t_m[y-s-Sp--Xn-\v.

]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
t]
Nmv t]

{]h\w 13
Ipn-I-fn \nv 5 t]sc hnfnv ]pdv \np-hm Bh-iy-s-Spp. AXn \nv Hcmsf hnfnv RP Xmsg--d-bp JWvUnI hmbn-v
sImSpp-p. Fm ]pdv \np--h CXv tImXncn-m {in-Ww.
""tim`-bpsS hnhm-l
- n\v th ]cnp hmm tKm]m-te-s ISbn
t]mbn Xncn-p-h--tm kn-bn ]cn-n\p ]Icw ]-km-c-bm-Wp-mbn-cp-Xv''

30

BZys Ipn ]pdp \nevp Hcp Ipn-sb hnfnv kZ-n\v


apn shv Cu hmIyw Dds ]d-v tIn-pp.

cm-as Ipn aqm-as Ipn-tbmSpw Cu hmIyw Dds


]dv tIn-p-p.

{]{Inb XpS-cp-p.

Am-as Ipn Cu hmIyw kZ-n\v apn Ah-X-cn-n-pp.


]d--Xn-ep-mb hyXn-bm-\spdnv s]mXp-N \S-p-p.

Hmtcm {]mh-iyhpw hn\n-abw \S-nb Bi-b-n h amw


Fp-sIm-mbncnpw Fv {Kqv N-bn-eqsS Ipn-I-tfmSv ]dbm Bh-iy-s-Sp-p.

D-c- Ch-bmImw

$
$
$
$

(RP Ch hni-Zo-I-cnv
tNmZn--Ww.)

$
$
$

$
$

]d-bp-Xv a\-n-em-Im-nv
tI-m-nv
{in-m-nv
ad-p-t]m-bnv
GIm-{KX e`n-m-nv
Ipn-I _l-f-ap-m-n-bnv
]d Imcy-n Xmev]-cy-an-mnv
k`m-Iw sImv
Hmn-m Ign-bm--Xp-sImv

{]h\w 14
XmsgsmSp-n-cn-p Pyman-Xob cq]-ns Nn{Xw Hcp Ipnsb
Gev]n-p-p. AXv {]Zin-n-msX B Ipn BwKyneqsS Nn{Xs
hnh-cn-p-p. ap--h CXns ASn-m-\-n
Nn{Xw hc-bvp-p. AXn-\p-tijw BwKy-n-eqsS
hnh-cn Ipn Nn{Xw {]Zin-n-p-p. ap--h
X hc Nn{X-hp-ambn CXns\ Xmc-Xayw sNpp. kmay hyXym-k--sf-p-dnv N.

XmsgsmSp-n-cn-p Nn{Xw hc-bvp-hm Hcp


Ipn ap--hv hmNn-I-amb \ntiw \Ip-p.
(Nn{Xw ImWn--cpXv) t{imXm-v hy-Xbvp
thn tNmZy- tNmZn-mw.

kqN\ : ka- N - X p- c - ns hi- ns ]Ip- X n- b mWv


sNdnb {XntIm-W-ns hi-ns Af-hv.

31

Xmsg-]-d-bp hn[w aqv Ipdn-p-I Xbm-dmn tai-p-dv hbvpp. Hmtcmcp-cmbn ns-Spv hmbnv i_vZ-an-msX A`n-\-bn-pp. ImWn-I k`-sa-sp ]d-bp-p. ({]I-Sn-n hnIm-cw)
1

Cse apX AS-n hontep \n ISp hcp-tm


hfp ]p hnip hev Imep-I-fn apn-bp-cppp.

]co-m-t]- Xncn-p-In-n-b-tm {]Xo-n--Xn-tesd kvtIm


e`n-n-cp-p.

9.30 \p ]co-m-tlm-fn-se--Ww. 9.15 Ignnpw ]Xnhp _kv


hn-. ap hml\ kuI-cy---sfmpw e`y-hp-a-. _kv tmn
Xm H-bvm-Wv.

\nnX ka-b-n-\p-tijw hc GXm\pw Nn{X- {]Zin-n-pp. Dt-in Nn{Xw e`n-n-s-n hopw tNmZy-fpw \ntZ-i--fpam-hmw.
apI-fn]-d 4 {]h-\--fpsSbpw ASn-m-\-n Bi-b-hn\n-h-a-b-hp-ambn _-s hnhn[ {]h-\- mkn N sNpp. N-bn \nv Dcp-n-cn-bp {]iv\- Nmn t{ImUo-I-cnp-p.
RP

hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h/ t{ImUo-I-cn-t-h
^e-{]-Z-amb Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-n\v Bh-iy-amb LS-I-
$
Ah-X-cn-n-p Imcy-s-p-dn-p hy-X.
$
kzoI-mhn\v {Kln-m-hp am[yaw D]-tbm-Kn-
$
kt`mNnXambn hni-Zmw-i- \IWw
$
ico-c-`mj ^e-{]-Z-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-p-I.
$
Xm {]I- S n- n Bibw/ `mhw Xs- b mWv
kzoImhv {Kln-n-cn--p-Xv Fv Dd-p-h-cp--Ww.
Bibhn\nabn ]men-t acym-Z-I
$
{in-t Imcy- tIpI/ kzoI-cn-p-I.
$
ap--hv Bi-b-{]-I-S-\-n\v Ah-kcw \evIp-I.
$
kwhmZw Bi-b- Xn-em-I-Ww.
$
Xv icn-sbp tXmp A`n-{]mbw Xpdp ]dbm-\p k-X Dm-I-Ww.
$
kmaq-ln-I-ambn AwKo-Im-c-ap ]Z {]tbm-K- D]tbm-Kn-p--XmWv A`n-Imayw
$
sa-s IpSpw_ kmaqly _- cq]-s-Sp-m
anI Bib hn\n-a-b-tijn \s kmlm-bn-pw.

32

skj 7
hyn-_-- (Personal Relationship)
kabw: 30 an\nv
Iuamc{]mbmnSbn hyn_v hfsc {]m[m\yapv.
IpSpw_ _fpsS Xo{hX IpdbpIbpw kplrp Xnepw ]qcI
enwKns]- h Xnepap _fpsS Bghpw ]cpw IqSp
AhkcamWnXv. ]etmgpw Cu _ A]ISIcamb Ahbntev
\opIbpw A\m-tcm-Ky-I-chpw A\-`n-e-j-Wo-b-hp-amb A-co--n-tev
\bnsSmdpapv . AXpsImv Xs Iuamc {]mbmcpw hnhn[
Xenep hynIfpw Xnep _ F{Xtmfw BImw Fp
a\-n-em-Ww _fpsS AXnhcv ewLnptm ]mSn Fv
]dbm\p Ignhpw Iuamc {]mbm {]tXyInv s]IpnI
BntXmWv.

tNmZy-s-nbpw kwi-b-\n-hm-c-Whpw Ds-Sp-Ww

Dt-iy-
hyn_sfpdnv HuNnXyt_m[w IpnIfn hfn
sbSppI.
Hmtcm _fpsSbpw ]cn[n FhnsS hscsbv thXn-cn-dn-bp-I.
kaqln hnhn[Xcw _ Dspw AXn
Hmtcmnepw kaqlw FmWv {]XonpsXpw
a\nempI.
kulrZw, AanX {]Xn]n, kvt\lw, hnhmlw
Fnhsb]n a\nempI.

]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
t]
Nmv t]

{]h\w 16
IpnItfmSv kvt\lnsbpw hnhmlntbpw Hmtcm {]XoI
hcbvphm ]dbpI. X hc {]Xo-I--fpsS Bibw hy-amm Bh-iy-s-SpI.

33

IpnItfmSv Xmsgdbp hmIyw ]qcnnphm BhiysSpI.


kvt\lw FXv . . . . .

{]h\w 17
Xmsgdbp tNmZy IpnIv ]Iv FSpv \IpI.
1.

PohnXn GsXms Xcnep _ Dv?


(IpSpw__w, A[ym- ] I hnZymn- _ - w, kplrZv _ w,
ktlmZc ktlmZco _w, Ab] _w ...)

2.

GsXmw LS- I - - f mWv


hnPb{]ZampXv?

cp hynI Xnep _w

(_lpam\w, hnizkvXX, kzmX{yw, kvt\lw, Zb, ]c-kv]c [mcW,


kpXm-cy-X, an-m-\p Ignhv.)
3.

apIfn ]d Imcyfn GsXmsbmWv \n PohnXn


Hcnepw ssIshSnbmXv? FpsImv?

4.

apIfn ]d Imcyfn GsXmsbmWv \n ]qcI


enwKhpambp _fn D]tbmKnpXv?

5.

\nfpsS kplrv \nsf _lpam\nmXncnptm, \nv


FmWv tXmpI?

6.

apIfn ]d Fsms KpWfmWv Hcp hynbpambp


_n Ghpw _pnapmbn tXmnbncnpXv?
(anm, a tNmZnm, sXv kXnm...)

RP

hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h

RP IpnIfpsS A`n{]mb t{ImUoIcnv Xmsgdbp Imcy


hniZoIcnpp.
s]cpamn\pw at\m`mhn\pw enwKt`Zn\pa\pkcnv
hyn_fn amapv.
kvt\l-sa-m BIp-n-bpw s]Ip-nbpw Xn-ep Hns\ am{Xw
kqNn-n-p--X-. AXv ]e Xe--fn-embn ]e coXn-I-fn-embn \psS
kaq-l-n \ne-\npp. BIpnIpw s]IpnIpw
kvt\lsn hyXykvX [mcWIfmWpXv. AXv ]e LS-I-sfbpw Bkv]ZamnbmWv.
"hyn_fn \nv KpW-]-chpw tZmj-I-c-hp-amb KpW-
ssIamw sN-s-Sm-dpv. AXn KpW-]-c-amb kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-

34

I ssIamw sN-s-Sp-tm-fmWv BtcmKyIcamb hyn_


DSseSppXv.'

kulrZw
FmWv Cu hmpsImv AampXv?
kplrv Fv hnfnpXmscbmWv?
Hcmfns hnImcfpw NnIfpw ]phbvphm Ignbph\mWv
kplrv. kplrv \s a\nemph\pw Dsmph\pamWv.
Abm hnizkv X \mWv . kplrZv _n sImSppI, FSppI
(]pshbv) Fnhbvv hfsc {]m[m\yapv.

{]Xn-]n (Infatuation)
imcocnIamtbm hnImc]camtbm DmIp BIjWobXbn \nv
DSseSpp Aamb ASpw ]etmgpw bpnv \ncmXmWv.

kvt\lw
kvt\lw a\pjys Ghpw at\mlcamb A\p`hamWv. Hcphs
tan\pw sFizcyn\pw CXv AXymt]nXamWv . kv t \lw
\nkzm-am-I-Ww. bYmY _--fn Ign-hp-I am{X-a ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw
]c-kv]cw AwKo-I-cn--s-Sp-p-v. AXv amXm]nXmfpw Ipp--fp-ambn-mImw, ktlmZc\pw ktlmZcnbpambpamImw, Kpcpinjy_amImw, a\pjys BXy-nI `mh-amWv kvt\lw. AXns {]IS\ hyXy-kvX-amWv.

hnhmlw
hnhmlw ]c-kv]cw ]p-shpw s]mcp--spw Pohn-m-\p Hcp
hyh-s
- -Se
- m-Wv. ]qWamb Hm-Ie
- m-Wv. AXv BhiysSpXv, kvt\lnm\pw kvt\lnsSm\pamWv, ]IzXbpw hnphogvNbpamWv.

{]h\w 18
Xmsg ]dbp k`-ns ASn-m-\-n s]mXp-N.
hyn-_---fn {in-t Imcy- Fsmw?'
RP hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h/

t{ImUo-I-cn-t-h

hyn_fn HuNnXy]qWamb AIew ]menm _


A]ISIcamb coXnbntev \opXv Hgnhmm km[npw.

35

\nthsc \ntnSv \nnbm a\- n- t \bpw


icoctbpw AtemkcsSpp ]e Imcyfn \npw Hgnhmbn
\npXn\v km[npw.
Iuamc hyn-_---fn ]c-kv]c _lp-am\w, s]cp-am--n
kpXm-cyX, A]-cs kvt\ls Xncn-d
- n-p-sIm-p ^e-h
- mb
{]Xn-I-cWw Fnh Bh-iy-am-Wv. B s] _--fn t\mw,
hmv (kw-km-cw), kv]i\w Fnh hfsc {][m-\-s hn\n-a-tbm]m-[n-I-fmWv Fv Xncn--dnv tami-amb kwkm-cw, t\mw, kv]i\w
Ch Xopw Hgn-hm-m {ian-Ww.
kmaqly _ \ne\nphm\pw, hynIv kaqlnep
hnebnSnbmXncnphm\pw IpSpw_kam[m\w Impkqnphm\pw
{]h\taJeIfn AW t_m[tmsSbp {]h\hpw
AXneqsS hnPbhpw ssIhcnphm\pw ta]d Imcy
AXymt]nXamWv.

36

skj 8
hnIm-c--fpsS \nb-{-Ww (Coping with Emotions),
am\-knI kwLj--fpsS \nb-{Ww (Coping with Stress)
kabw: 45 an\nv

tNmZy-s-nbpw kwi-b-\n-hm-c-Whpw Ds-Sp-Ww

Dt-iy-
sshIm-cnI {]h-\- DS-se-Sp-p hn[hpw AXns
Imc-Whpw t_m[y-s-Sp--Xn\v
sshIm--cnI {]iv\- Iuam-c-m-cpsS hf-sbbpw hnImk-sbpw _m[n-p--sX--s\-sbv t_m[y-s-Sp--Xn-\v.
am\-knI ]ncn-ap-dpw hfv am\-knI X-ambn amdm-Xn-cnp-Xn-\p ]cn-io-e\w \Ip-Xn\v.
Iuam-c-m-cnse am\-knI kwLj--fpsS Imc-Whpw Ah
eLq-I-cn-m-\p imkv{Xo-b-am-fpw Xncn--dn-bp--Xn\v

]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
t]

sImfmjv

Nmv

hnIm-c
- f
- psS \nb-{Ww
{]h\w 19
tlm-en \np e`n `-W-n Hcp ]msb Is-p-p.
\n Fs\ {]Xn-I-cnpw?
s]mXp N {]Xn-I-c-W-
CtX kml-Ncyw \n-fpsS A hnf-n-X `-W-n Dm-hptm F-s\-bm-bn-cnpw \n-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-?
N
{]Xn-I-c-W--fn Fs-nepw hyXym-k-ap-m-hptam? Fm-bn-cnpw
hyXym-k-?

37

Cs\ {]Xn-I-cn-Xv sXm-bn-tmbn Fv ]noSv tXmn-bn-ptm?


Ccw {]Xn-I-c-W- sImv Fsmw Xncn--Sn-I-fmWv Dm-bn-pXv?
hyn-_---fn kmc-amb De-n-ep-m-m CXv Imc-W-am-bnptm?

{]h\w 20
Ipn-Isf 5 {Kqp-I-fm-p-p. Xmsg-]-d-bp 5 hnImc hntm-`-
Dm-Im-\n-S-bmb GsX-nepw Hcp-\p-`hw N-sNbvXv Is-p-p.
$
`bw
$
DIWvT
$
tIm]w
$
\ncmi
AXn-t\mSv {]Xn-I-cn coXn
A\-c ^e- N sNp-p. Ah-X-cn-n-p-p.
amXm-]n-Xm- Cs\ s]cp-am-dpXv Fp-sIm-m-sWv hnth-I]qw hni-I-e\w sNp-I.
X\nv GsX- nepw hn[- n tZmjw sNp- - X mtWm Ccw
{]h-\--sfv hni-I-e\w sNp-I.
Ccw Xocp-am-\--sf-Sp-p-Xpw XpSp-mb am\-knI kwLjfpw Iuam-c-{]m-b-ns {]tXy-I-X-bm-tWm.
kplr-p--fp-ambn Ccw Imcy- ]p-h-bvp-Xv am\-knI
kwLjw Ipd-bvm klm-bn-ptam?
hnt\m-Z--fn-tes-Sp-Xpw hnizm-kfn apgp-Ip-Xpw am\-knI
kwLjw eLq-I-cn-mtam?
RP

hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h/ t{ImUo-I-cn-t-h
hnIm-c- a\p-jy-k-l-P-amWv
Nne {]tXyI kml-N-cy--fpsS (am\-kn-I-tam, `uXn-Itam Bbn
k--fm Ch DW-cp-Ibpw Pzen-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
]e-tmgpw AXv \psS \nb-{--p-d-tv hf-cp-p.
Ah Xosc Btcm-Ky-I-c-a-m coXn-bn \mw {]I-Sn-n-p-p.
Cu ioew ]e sshIm-cnI {]iv\--fn-tepw \s \bn-p-p.
a\-n ambm X--fp-m-m CXv Imc-W-am-Ip-p.
A\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-amb hnImc {]I-S-\-sf \nb-{n-m \mw hnth-I]qw Nnn-p-Ibpw am\-knI kwXp-e\w ]pep-Ibpw thWw.

38

IpSpw_n\pw kaq-l-n\pw ]c-kv]c [mc-W-tbmsS Pohn-m ap-h-cpsS hnIm-c- IqSn ]cn-K-Wnv {]hn-tn hcpw
Cs\ sshIm-cn-I-ambn kwXp-en-X-ambn Pohn-m-\p ]cn-io-e\w
Iuam-c-{]m-b-n Xs Bcw-`n-t--Xp-v.

kwLj-f
- psS \nb-{Ww
{]h\w 21
RP Xmsg-]-d-bpXcw kml-N-cy- mkn Ah-X-cn-n-p-p. s]mXpN \S-p-p.
BZy-ambn cm{Xn kn\n-abvp t]mb 9mw mknse Atim-I hon
Xncn-s-n-b-tm A-\--am hmsX hgv ]d-bp-Ibpw iIm-cn-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Atim-I bmsXmcp Iqk-ep-an-msX \np. ASp--bmgvN AtimI CXmhn-p. amXm-]n-Xm- A[ym-]-I-tcmSv ]cm-Xn-s-p. A[ym-]I Atim-Is\ s]Ip-n-I IqSn ]Tn-p mkn hv ]c-ky-ambn
tNmZyw sNbvXp. Atim-I hon-se-n-bXv ZpxJnX-\m-bm-Wv. ]ntv Xeth-Z-\-bm-sWv ]dv Ah kvIqfn t]mIm-Xn-cp-p.
cm{Xn kn\n-abvv t]mIm t{]cn-n LSIw Fm-bn-cn-pw?
amXm-]n-Xm- hg-v]-d-Xv Fp-sIm-m-bn-cnpw?
Atim-Is Cu {]hrnsb \n Fs\ ImWpp?
]ntv mkn t]mIm-Xn-cp--Xns bYm ImcWw Fm-bn-cnpw?
Atim-Is m\v \n-fm-bn-cp-s-n \nv Fsmw am\knI {]iv\- Dm-Ip-am-bn-cp-p?
Ccw {]iv\- XcWw sNm \n Fsmw sNp-am-bncpp?
RP Cu {]iv\- t_mUn tcJ-s-Sp-p-p.

N
Iuam-c-Imek-w FhnsS \nsmw Dm-Imw F \nK-a-\-nse-pp.
$

kplr-p-

kvIq

am[y-a-

Ip-Spw_w

39

kwLj- Cm-Xm-m
KpW-tZm-j-hn-Nn-\w \S-pI
hnai-\m-Iambn Nnn-
{Inbm--I-ambn Nnn-
\ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-
kwLj--tfmSv s]mcp--s-Sm Xmsg-d-bp D]m-[n-I sXcsSpm-hp--Xm-Wv.
[ym\w
kwKoXw
tbmK
hymbmaw
ktm-j-I-c-amb ap A\p--`-h--fn-tev a\-p-sIm-p aS--bm{X
hnt\m-Z-bm{X
]ptm \nmWw ]cn-]m-e\w
kn\na
sSen-hn-j t{]m{Km-ap-I
_p-an-{Xm-Zn-I, A[ym-]-I Fn-h-cp-ambn {]iv\- ]p-shbv
IemImbnI hnt\m-Z--fn Gs-S
aZy-]m\w, ab-p-a-cp-v, av A\m-im-ky -{]-h-\- Fn-h-bn
Gsv Hcn-epw at\m-kw-Lj--tfmSv s]mcp--s-Sm {ian--cp-Xv.
Zpc-
- f
- n-eqsS \jvSs
- -h
- s
- bmpw el-cn-bn-eqsS Xncn-p-In-p-Ib
- n F
kXyw RP i-ambn Ipn-Isf {Kln-n--Ww.

sshIm-cn-I\n-b-{-Ww km[y-a-m kml-N-cy-n \nv DS-se-Spp asmcp am\-knI {]{In-b-bmWv am\-knI ]ncn-ap-dp-w. "Icp-Xp-Xv
sNm Ign-bp-n' F Ah--bn \nmWv CXv Dm-Ip--Xv.
Xcp-Xv kzoI-cn-p--Xn \nv, CjvS-ap-Xv sXc-s-Sp-p
]p BtKm-f-h-XvI-c-W-n-s, Itm-f-kw-kvIm-c-ns bpK-n-emWv
\mw Pohn-p-Xv. am[y-a-fpw Nm\-ep-I-fpw, thjhn[m\fpw, `-W{I-afpw, hnt\m-Z-fpw Fp-th a\p-jy\v Bh-iy-ap--sXpw sXcs-Sp-p-hm-\p kzmX{yw Cv a\p-jy-\p-v. ]t Fm-n-tbpw
e`yX sXp-Ifn-tepw a\p-jy\v A]-ISw hcp-p, sXc-s-Sp-p-I-fn-

40

tepw \bn-p-p. DZm-l-c-W-ambn Fmw Hcp IpS-o-gn e`n-p


Unmvsa v tmdp-Ifpw amPn {^o tjmp-Ifpw Cv kmh-{Xn-I-amWv. amXm-]n-Xm- Ah-cpsS Ipn-I-fp-ambn Cu tjmp-I-fn Ibdn Cdp-Xv \apv ImWmw. Hcp mnIv hn-bn Bh-iy-ap-Xpw Cm-Xpw
Ipn-I tiJ-cn-p-p. amXm-]n-Xm- Hnv ]W-a-S-bvp-p. Ah
B{K-ln-psXpw e`n-p-I-bm-Wv. Cu Ah--bn _mey Iuam-c-
]nn-Sp-I-bm-W-h. +1, +2 mp-I-fn Fp Cu Ipn-I ]qc-I-enw-Kns] Ipn-I-fpsS kmao]yw CjvS-s-Sp-Ibpw B{K-ln-pIbpw sNpI
kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. Pohn-X-n BZy-ambn Ah B{K-ln-Xv e`n-m
kml-N-cys A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-tn hcp-p. Cu sNdnb am\-knI Xs
A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-p-hm\mhmsX B-lXy sNp--h-cpsS Fw hn-pI-bm-sWv ]T-\- sXfn-bn-p-p. hkvXp-\n-jvT-ambn Imcy-sf hnebn-cp-p-hm \apv km[n--Ww. {]mb-ns Nm]-ey--fmWv Cu B{Kl--sfpw ]IzX t\Sp-tm Cu Nn-I Xosc _men-i-am-bn-cp-p-shv
{Kln-p-sapw \mw Xncn--dn-b-Ww. {]Xn-k-n-Isf XcWw sNp--Xn\p Ignhp \mw Bn--Ww. Cuiz-c-hn-izm-khpw \n Xs-bp
hnizm-khpw hn-p-Ibpw hnth-I-]qw Hcp hgn AS-bp-tm At\Iw
hgn-I Xpd-p-sav {Kln-m-\p-ap ]IzX \mw t\SpIbpw thWw.

41

`mKw Iuamc{]mbmcpsS
2A hf
skj: 1
Iuamc{]mb-m-cpsS hf
imcocnI am - s]Ipn ...........................
imcocnI am BIpn ...........................
skj: 2
Iuamc hf
am\knI kmaqlnI am...............................
amfpsS ASnm\n
Iuamcmcn Iphcp s]cpam
khntijXI....................................................................
skj: 3
IuamcmcpsS {]iv\fpw ]cnlmcfpw:
imcocnI {]iv\/ {]Xnhn[nI
s]IpnI, BIpnI. ..............................
am\knI, kmaqlnI {]iv\
/ ]cnlmc......................................................................

42

\nti
!

BZy skj\pI s]IpnIpw BIpnIpw


shtsd \S-t--Xm-Wv.

BZy skj\pI s]IpnIpw BIpnIpw


shtsd \S-t--Xm-Wv.

BZy s]IpnIv A[ym]nIbpw BIpnIv


A[ym]I\pw mpI ssIImcyw sNpI

BIpn-Ifnse am- s]Ip-n-Is


- fbpw s]Ip-n-If
- nse
am BIp-n-I-sfbpw t_m[-h-cn-t--Xm-Wv.

tNmZysnbn Ipnv tNmZyw \nt]nm kabhpw


kuIcyhpw sNbvXpsImSptXmWv.

t]cpshmsX tNmZy FgpXnbnSpXn\v


\IpI.

Iuamc hnZym`ymkn ]cnioe\w t\Snb tUmIvSdpsStbm,


IuknedpsStbm klmbw Bhiysan tXSmhpXmWv.

Aoe `mjm {]tbm-K- Xam-i-I Fnh Hgn-hm--Ww.

hyn tI{o-IrX mkp-I, kwib \nhm-cWw Fnh ]mSn.

kwkvmcw aXw Fn-hsb _m[n-p hnai-\- ]mSn-.

hyn A\p-`-h- ]p-sh-bvmt\m tNmZn-mt\m ]mSn-.

hnImc {]I-S-\- Hgn-hm--Ww.

GsX-nepw hmWnPy D]-


- ns hn]-W\
-
- n\v t{]mm-l\w
\Im ]mSn-.

hyn-]-chpw ssewKn-I-hp-amb Imcy--fpsS clky kz`m-hs


kqn--Ww.

kXy-k
- X ]pep-Ibpw tNmZy-v kXy-k
- a- mb Dc- Ipn-I-tfmSv ]d-bp-Ibpw thWw.

]Iz-a-Xn-bm-bn-cn-p-I. Pohn-X-n [mn-IX Imp kqnpI

\ntiw

43

skj 1
Iuam-c-{]m-b-nse imco-cnI hf
imcocnI am: s]Ipn, BIpn

kabw: 1aWnq

skj 1A
(s]Ip-n-Iv A[ym-]nI mkv \S-pp)

Dt-iy-
Iuamc ImeLn s]IpnIfnepw BIpnIfnepw
DmIp imcocnI hyXnbm\sfn [mcW ssIhcnpp.

]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
OHP / Slide

Chart

Nn{X

{]h\w 1
Hcp tNmZysn shv AXn skj Ignbptmtgpw
kwib FgpXnbnSm BhiysSpp.
tNmZy-sn
ImUvt_mUv/ IS-emkv sImp-m-nb Hcp-s]n
mkn apgp-h Ipn-Ipw ImsI Hcp ev hbvW
- w.
Ipn-I Ahp \Inb IS-em-kn Ah-cpsS tNmZy-/ kwi-b-
Fn-h kzX-{-ambn FgpXn tNmZy-s-n-bn \nt-]n--Ww.
kwi-b
- / tNmZy- kzX-{-ambn Fgp-Xm Ah-kcw \I-Ww.
amdn-bn-cptm, H-bvtm, Iqmtbm N-sNbvtXm tNmZy- Xm-dm-mw.
tNmZy- Fgp-Xm 10 an\nsnepw \I-Ww.
tNmZy--fn/ kwi-b--fn Ipn-bpsS t]cv Fgp-tX--Xn-sv {]tXyIw
\nt-in-W
- w.
Nne skj-\p-Iv aptm-Sn-bmtbm CSthf-If- ntem Ah-km-\tam (skjs
khn-ti-jX
- b
- \
- p-kc
- n-v) tNmZyw \nt-]n-mw.
kwib \nhm-cWw
tNmZy-pw kwi-b
- pw icnbpw imkv{Xo-bh
- p-amb {]Xn-Ic
- W
-
-
B.-]n. \Ip-p.
ko-amb {]iv\- amn shmw. (a\ximkv{X-, tUmIvSam
XpS-nb hnZ-Kv[ adp-]Sn ]d-tb--h)
amn-sh tNmZy- B.-]n. Fgp-Xn-sb-Sp--Ww, tNmZy- apgp-h IpnI ImsI \in-n-p- I-f-b-Ww.

44

RP Hcp kw`hw hnhcnpp.


Fmw mkn ]Tnp ca-bpsS hon AhfpsS tNnbpsS hnhml
\nb Znhkw. ca IpnIfpsamv IfnpIbmWv. CXpI Ah-fpsS
_p tZjysp. "\o C{Xbpw hepXmbnpw ]ntsmw Ifnptm?
ASp-fbn sNv Imcysfms Ht\zjnm ht?' ca ASpfbnsen, Imcy Xncm XpSn. Atm AhnsSmcmfpsS
imk\ "]nts-mSo ChnsS Imcyw? t]mbn ]nm-cpsS IqsSm\pw
Ifnv.'' ca BsI Nnm-p-g--n-embn. Xm Ipn-bmtWm? AtXm
apXnXmtWm?

tNmZyw:
cabvv A\p`hsXpt]mse Nnm--p-gw \nv
Ftmsgnepw A\p`hsnptm?
IpnI GXm\pw A\p`h ]pshpp.

{]h\w 2
{Kqv N / R.P t{ImUoIcWw
IpnIsf 5t] DsSp {KqpIfmpI.
Hmtcm {Kqn\pw hvjov \Ip-p.
hvjo-n
1

apXn-hsctmse-bmWv Fv tXmn-p Fsmw am BWv \n-fn hn-cn-p-Xv?

imco-cn-I-amb am--fp-ambn _-s kwi-b- Zqco-I-cn-m


Bsc-bmWv kao-]n-mdv?

NbneqsS Isp Imcy {Kqp-I AhXcnnpp AXv.


R.P. t_mUn Fgp-Xpp. Fgp-Xnb C\ hfsc Ipdpt]msbn
Bhiyamb kqN\I \In Ism t{]mmlnntXmWv.

R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h/ t{ImUo-I-cWw


t{ImUo-I-c-W-n Nn{Xw, Nmv, hniZoIcWw OHP / Slide D]-tbmK-s-Sp-mw.

45

Iuamc hf : imcocnI am (s]Ipn)


s]Ip-nIfnse ZznXob ssewKnI khntijXI
kvX\ hf
Kply`mKpw Ipw tcmahf
CSpspIfpsS hf
thK-n-ep imco-cnI hf (Dbcw, hw, Xqw)
kvt\ltkzZ {KnIfpsS hf
K`mibnsbpw tbm\n\mfnsbpw hf
{]Ya Bhw
IuamcImew s]IpnIfn BIpnIsf At]nv cp aqp
sImw t\ct XpSpp. s]IpnIfnse ssewKnI hnImkw 8-16
hbn XpSn 1618 hbn ]q-am-Ip-p. Xetmdnse ssltm-em-akpw ]nyqdn {Knbpw kPohamIptXmSpIqSn AhnsS \np
tlmtamWpI Amibn {]hn-p-Ibpw, XpSv Am-ibw
]pdsSphnp Cukv{SP, s{]mPkvt{Sm Fo tlmtamWpIfpsS
{]h\^eambn s]IpnIfn ssewKnI {]mb]qnbpsS
eW DmhpIbpw sNpp.
amdn-S-ns hnImkamWv s]IpnIfn ImWsSp ssewKnI
hfbpsS BZyeWw. 8 apX 13 hbn\nSmWv
CXmcw`npXv. kvX\ hfbpsS BZyLn DmIp hen
hyXymk ]noSv ]cnlcnsSpw.
P\t\{nb `mKv tcmahf Bcw`npp. BZys Bhw
ASpp hcpp FXns kqN\ CXp \Ipp.
{]khns BhiyIXbvmbn CSpspIv hnIm-k-ap-m-hpIbpw Acsns hnkvXmcw hnpIbpw \nXw_w XSnpIbpw
sNpp.
s]IpnIfnse icochf 1011 hbtmsS thKnemIpp.
GXmv 16 hbtmsS Dbcw hbv 98 iX- a m\tmfw
Fnbncnpw. Cu Imebfhn hjn icmicn 8 sknao
hsc Dbcw hnmw. ]mc--cy--t]m-j-Im-lmc LS-I--fpsS hyXymk-a-\p-k-cnv Cu Imebfhv hyXymksSmw.
kvt\l--tkzZ {Kn-I {]h\aamIpXns ^eambn khnti- j - a mb icoc Kw DmIpIbpw apJpcp {]XysSm
XpSpIbpw sNpp.

46

K`mibns amwk t]in`nn ]pjvSnsSpp. K` Imev hfcp {`qWs Dsmphm\pw {]kh kabv iniphns\
]pdtv Xm\pw Ignbp hn[amWv CXns hf. AtXm-sSmw
tbm\n\mfw hnIknpIbpw AXns DkvXc Inbp--Xm-IpIbpw, tbm\n \mf{Zh AKpWapXmbn amdpIbpw sNpp.
ssewKnI ]IzX{]m]nptXmsS Amibn Aw cq]sv
]mI-ambn ]pdphcpp.
GXmv 10 16 hbn\pn anhmdpw amkapd (Bhw)
Bcw`npp. BZys Bhs ""sa\mn'' Fp]dbpp.
t]mjImlmcw, BtcmKynXn, ]mccyw XpSnbh A\pkcnv
Bhw t\ctbmIpItbm, XmaknpItbm sNmw. BZy Hp
cp hjw Bhw {Iaw sXn hcmw.
ssewKnI hfsb XpSv Hmtcm amkhpw K`mibw {`qWs
kzoIcnm\mbn XmsdSpp \Spp. _oP ke\w \SmsX
hcptm K`mibn\pnse BhcWw s]mn AXnep cw
tbm\nbneqsS ]pdtsmgpIpp. CXmWv Bhw. \mtem
Atm Znhkw \op\np Bhw 2830 Znhkn
Hcn kw`hnpp. {]Xyp]m-Z-\-hy-h--bpsS kzm`m-hn-Ihpw
Btcm-Ky-]-c-hp-amb {]h-\-ns sXfn-hp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv. Nne-cn
Cu Ime-b-f-hn hn am\-knI kwLj- A\p-`-h-s-Sp-p.
BhtmS\p_nv sNdnb Afhn ASnhbn thZ\,
\SpthZ\, Onm\p {]hWX, ImepIfn \ohogvN, kvX\n
thZ\ ChbpmImw. Chsb Bh ]q eW (Pre Menstrual
Syndrome) Fp ]dbmw.

skj 1B
BIp-n-Iv A[ym-]I mkv \S-pp

Dt-iy-
Iuamc ImeLn s]IpnIfnepw BIpnIfnepw
DmIp imcocnI hyXnbm\sfn [mcW ssIhcnpp.

]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
OHP / Slide
Chart

Nn{X

47

Hcp tNmZysn shv AXn skj Ignbptmtgpw


kwib FgpXnbnSm BhiysSpp.
tNmZy-sn
ImUvt_mUv/ IS-emkv sImp-m-nb Hcp-s]n
mkn apgp-h Ipn-Ipw ImsI Hcp ev hbvW
- w.
Ipn-I Ahp \Inb IS-em-kn Ah-cpsS tNmZy-/ kwi-b-
Fn-h kzX-{-ambn FgpXn tNmZy-s-n-bn \nt-]n--Ww.
kwi-b
- / tNmZy- kzX-{-ambn Fgp-Xm Ah-kcw \I-Ww.
amdn-bn-cptm, H-bvtm, Iqmtbm N-sNbvtXm tNmZy- Xm-dm-mw.
tNmZy- Fgp-Xm 10 an\nsnepw \I-Ww.
tNmZy--fn/ kwi-b--fn Ipn-bpsS t]cv Fgp-tX--Xn-sv {]tXyIw
\nt-in-W
- w.
Nne skj-\p-Iv aptm-Sn-bmtbm CSthf-If- ntem Ah-km-\tam (skjs
khn-ti-jX
- b
- \
- p-kc
- n-v) tNmZyw \nt-]n-mw.
kwib \nhm-cWw
tNmZy-pw kwi-b
- pw icnbpw imkv{Xo-bh
- p-amb {]Xn-Ic
- W
-
-
B.-]n. \Ip-p.
ko-amb {]iv\- amn shmw. (a\ximkv{X-, tUmIvSam
XpS-nb hnZ-Kv[ adp-]Sn ]d-tb--h)
amn-sh tNmZy- B.-]n. Fgp-Xn-sb-Sp--Ww, tNmZy- apgp-h IpnI ImsI \in-n-p- I-f-b-Ww.

RP Hcp kw`hw hnhcnpp.


]mw mkn ]Tnp _m_phns hon Ahs tNnbpsS
hnhml \nb Znhkw. _m_p IpnIfpsamv IfnbmWv. CXpI
Ahs _p tZjysp. "\o C{Xbpw hepXmbnpw ]ntsmw
Ifn-ptm? Iehdbn sNv Imcysfms Ht\zjnm ht?'
_m_p Iehdbnsen, Imcy Xncm XpSn. Atm
AhnsSmcmfpsS imk\ "]ntsmSm ChnsS Imcyw? t]mbn
]nmcpsS IqsSm\pw Ifnv.'' _m_p BsI Nnm Ipgnembn..
Xm Ipn-bmtWm? AtXm apXnh\mtWm?

tNmZyw:
_m_p-hn\v A\p`hsXpt]mse Nnm-p-gw \nv
Ftmsgnepw A\p`hsnptm?

48

IpnI GXm\pw A\p`h ]pshpp.


IpnIsf 5t] DsSp {KqpIfmpI. Hmtcm {Kqn\pw hvjov
\Ip-p.
hvjo-n
1

apXn-hsctmse-bmWv Fv tXmn-p Fsmw am BWv \n-fn hn-cn-p-Xv?

imco-cn-I-amb am--fp-ambn _-s kwi-b- Zqco-I-cn-m


Bsc-bmWv kao-]n-mdv?

NbneqsS Isp Imcy {Kqp-I AhXcnnpp AXv.


R.P. t_mUn Fgp-Xpp. Fgp-Xnb C\ hfsc Ipdpt]msbn
Bhiyamb kqN\I \In Ism t{]mmlnntXmWv.

R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h/ t{ImUo-I-cn-t-h


Iuamc hf : imcocnI am (BIpn)

OHP Chart

BIp-nIfnse ZznXob ssewKnI khntijXI


hrjWfpsSbpw hrjW knbptSbpw hf
thK-n-ep icoc hf (Db-cw, Xqw-, hw)
Kply`mKpw Ipw tcmahf
enwK hnImkhpw DmcWhpw
i_vZ hyXnbm\w (]cp]cp kzcw)
kvt\l tkzZ {KnIfpsS hf
apJtcmaw hf
ipkvJe\w XpSpp.
s]IpnItfm cp sImw sshInbmWv BIpnIfn
ssewKnI hnImkw Bcw`npXv. BIpnIfn ssewKnI hnImkw
GI- t Ziw 1017 CSbn \Spp. hrjWfn D]mZnnp
sStmntdm F tlmtamWns {]h\ ^eambn {]mb]qn
hyXnbm\ Bcw`npp.
BIpnIfn ssewKnI {]mb]qnbpsS eWw BZyw
ImWsSpXv hrjWfpsS hen h\bnemWv. CXv GXmv
1016 hbn\pn ]qnbmIpp.
hrjW ]pcpjs {]P\\ {KnIfmWv. Ah _oPfpw
]pcpj tlmtamWpIfpw Dev]m-Zn-n-p-p. hrjW nXn

49

sNpXv hrjW knpnemWv. ]pcpj _oPfpsS Dev]mZ\w


icnbmbn \SpXn\v ico-tcm-jvam-hn-t\-m Ipd Dujvamhn
thWw hrjW kn nXn sNtXv. AXv ImcWamWv ico-cn\p ]pdv Hcp {]tXyI knbn hrjW kqnncnpXv. icotcmjvamhv IqSptm hrjW icocn \npw
AIv Iotgmv hrjvW-k-n-bn XqnnSpw. Fm Acow XWpptm hrjW kn NpcppIbpw hrjW
icoctmSv tNv AXn\mhiyamb NqSv kmZnpIbpw sNpw.
km[mcWbmbn ssewKnI {]mb- ] qn- b psS BZyLnemWv
P\t\- { nb`mKv tcma {]XysSpXv . Cu kabv
BIpnI s]sv Dbcw shbvpp.
hrjW knp aosXbmbn nXn sNp amwkt]io \nn-Xamb AhbhamWv enwKw. GXmv 12 hbtmsS enwKn\v henw
IqSpp. ssewKnI hnIm-c-ap-m-Ip-tm c-]-cy-b\ hyh--bp-tSbpw, \mUo hyh-bp-sSbpw kwbp {]h-\- ^-e-am-bn enwK
DmcWw Dm-Ipw. Ddn kzm`m-hn-I-ambn ]eXhW enwtKmmcWw Dm-Im-dpv.
Iuamcmhbn BIpnIfnse {itbamb Hcp hyXnbm\amWv
i_v Z amw. kz\t]SIhpw kz\- X - p- fpw hepXmIpXns
^eambpmIp i_vZ L\o`mhamWv CXv. i_vZn\v In IqSpp
FXv Iuamcmhbn {Iam\pKXambn kw`hnpXmWv.
kvt\l tkzZ-{K-n-I IqSpX {]h\aamIpIbpw AXv khnti- j - a mb icocKw DmpIbpw sNpp. apJpcp
DmIpXn\pw CXv ImcWamIpp.
Itcmaw {]XysSm XpSp AtX Imep Xs
apJtcmafpw hfcm XpSpp.
hrjWw hfsbn GXmv Hcp sImw IgnbptXmsSbmWv
BZyip {kmhapmIpXv. enwKn \nv ipw ]pd--p-Xn-s\-bmWv kvJe\w Fp]dbpXv. ]pcpj _oPsf Dsmp {ZmhIamWv ipw. CXn skan\ shknnfn \npw
t{]mtv {Knbn \npw apw D]mZnnp {ZhIfpw
tNncnpw. {]mb]qnbmb s]Ipnbn Atmev]mZ\w
\SpXpt]mse BIpnbn _otPm]m-Z-\hpw \S-p-p.
ssewKnI hf-bpsS Bcw`w apX _otPmev]mZ\w \Sp
hrjW, Hcp ]pcp-jm-bp-kn tImSnWn\v _oPfmWv
Dev]mZnnpXv.

50

skj 2
Iuamcmcnse am\knI,
kmaqlnI am
kabw 1 aWnq

Dt-iyw
Iuamcmcn DmIp am\knIhpw kmaqlnIhpamb
amsfpdnv [mcW e`npXn\v.

]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
Iuamc {]mbnse IpnIfpsS PohnXnse Nne
k` FgpXn XmdmnbXv.

{]h\w 3
B. ]n. Xmsg-sm-Sp-n-cn-p k`w Nmn-se-gpXn
AhXcnnpp.
Hcp hnZym- e - b - n Iuk- e nwKv \S- m- s \- nb n\n-
ssktm-f-Pn-n-t\mSv Hcp Ipn tNmZn tNmZyw t\mq.
k F\nv ]T-\-n {in-m km[n-p-n-. ]pkvXIw Xpd-ptm Fs mknse Hcp IpnbpsS apJw a\-n-se-p-p. CS-nsS
Ahs\/ Ah-sf-p-dnv Hmp-Ibpw Hnepw ]q-{i sNep-m
Ign-bm-sX-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXp-sImv Xs cn-Xm--fn
\npw A[ym-]-I-cn \npw F\nv iImcw tItn hn-p-v.
F\n-n-s\ tXmp-Xv Fp-sIm-m-Wv k? Rm hfsc tami-mc-\m-b-Xp-sIm-mtWm? Ccw Btem-N-\-Isf amn-sb-Sp-m Fp-sN-Ww?

N-bn Cu Ipn-bpsS am\-kn-Im-h hni-I-e\w sNm {ianq. \npw CXp-t]mep A\p-`-h- Dm-bn-ptm? Cu Ipnv
Fp adp-]-Sn-bmWv \nv \Im-\p-Xv?
t{ImUo-Ic
- Ww
CXv XnIpw kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv.

51

Ccw ASp--sf Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb kplrv _-am-n-am--Ww.


]qc-I-enw-K-ns--h-tcm-Sp BIjWw Cu {]mb-ns {]tXyI-X-bm-Wv.
hf-bpsS Cu L-n CXp kzm`m-hnIamsW-nepw Ch icntbm
sXtm Fv m]n-m RP {ian--cpXv. adnv CXns tZmj-^-e--sfnbp t_m[-h-c-W-n-\m-bn-cn-Ww IqSp-X Du \tI-Xv. DZm: ]Iz-X-bn-m Xocp-am-\w, ]T\ kabw A]-l-cn- apX-em-bh
Hmn-n-Ww. XpSv Iuam-c-L--n Ipn-Ip-m-Ip am\-kn-I,
kmaq-lnI am- B.]n N sNbvXv t{ImUo-I-cn-p-p. Xmsg-]-d-bp
Bi-b- Dsm-p-thWw t{ImUo-I-cWw \Sm.

R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
am\knI, kmaqlnI am
icoc kev]w
kzX{y-hm-PvObpw, cn-Xm--tfm-Sp AIbpw
t\- Bn-p--Xn\p thn-bp- _mly kw
]qcI enwKnshtcmSp BIjWw
ssewKnI Imcyfnep Pnmk
kml-knIamb {]hrnIfntesSpXn-\p {]h-WX.
am\knIhpw _pn]chpw hnImc]chpamb ]IzXbntep
hfbpsS Hcp ImeLw IqSnbmWv IuamcImew. XfpsS imco-cnI
am\- k nI Xe- - f n kw`- h n- p amsfnbp DXv Wv T
Iuamcmcn sshImcnI kv ImcWamIpw.

icoc kev]w
aphcpsS apn XfpsS icocw Fns\ {]XyamW
sap Hmtcm s]IpnbpsSbpw BIpnbpsSbpw hyn]camb
[mcWbmWv icockev]saXv. Cu {]mbn icoc {]IrXnsbn
Ah hfsc DWvTmIpecmWv. aphcpambn icoc`mK XmcXayw
sNpI, kn\namXmcs t]msebmIm (XSnIpdbvm) UbnMv sNpI,
IqpImcptSXp t]msebp thjw [cnpI, Ftmgpw ImSn t\mpI
XpSnbh IuamcmcpsS {]t{XyIXbmWv.
BIjIamb hynXzsaXv icoc {]IrXs am{Xw B{i-bn-np--X-sv t_m[ysSppI.

52

Hmtcmcpcpw Ah\hs imcocnImhsbpdnv aXnp


hcmbncnWw.

kzX{y hmPvObpw cnXmtfmSp AIbpw


Iuamc {]mbm XfpsS X\Xmb hynXzw Xncndnbm
XpSpIbpw amXm]nXmfpsS \nb{Wn \nv kzmX{yw e`nm
{ianpIbpw sNpp. cnXmfpambn A`n{]mb `nXI
]pepXn\m cnXm AXv XfpsS A[nImcns\Xncmb
shphnfnbmbpw FXnmbpw IcpXpp. cnXm B{KlnpXv
IpnIfn ASntnm {ianpp. kzm`mhnIambn cnXmtfmSv
Ahv AI hcpp. cnXm apXnh XpSnbh-tcbpw
\nehnep kZmNmcaqeytfbpw aXhnizmktfbpw Hs tNmZyw
sNm\p {]hWX Iuamcmcn Iphcpp.
cnXm Xsf kvt\lnpp, hnizknpp F tXm
Iuamcmcn DmIWw.
kzmX{yn\pw kzbw Xocpam\pw Iuamcmv, \nb-{nX-ambn IqSp-X k` \evIWw.
NpaXeItfmsSmw, B{Klv aXnbmb ]cnKW\bpw
\IWw.

aqey-t_m[w cq]-s-p-hc
- p \nm-bI Ime-L- a- mWv Iuam-cw.
CXn-\m IpSpw-_m-c
- o-
- n\v henb {]m[m-\y-amWv DXv.
t\- Bn-p-Xn\p-th-n-bp _mly-k-w
Iuam-c-Imew `mhn-Po-hnXw Icp-n-Sn-n-p--Xn \nm-bI L-amWv
AXn-\m Ah \nc--c-amb _mly-k--v hnt[-b-cm-Ip-p. CXv
{]tXyIw ]cn-K-Wn-t hnj-b-am-Wv. Nne cn-Xm- Ah-cpsS B{Kl
]qn hcp-m-\p D]-I-c-W--fmbn Ipn-Isf ImWp-p. CXp Ipn-IfpsS hyn-Xzhn-Im-k-n\p XS--am-hp-p.

]qcI enwKnshtcmSp at\m-`mhw


Iuamcn ssewKnI Xmev]cyw ImWnm XpSpXv
Pohimkv{X]camb Phmk\ sImmWv. Cu Ln Iuam-c-{]m-bmv ]qcI enwKns]htcmSv {]tXyI Xmev]cyhpw BIjWhpw
tXmpp. BIpnIfpw s]IpnIfpw Xnep ]ckv]c BIjWw
]qambpw km[mcWhpw kmheuInIhpamb am\h kz`mhamWv. Cu

53

{]mb-n ]c-kv]c _lp-am-\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb kplrXv_-- hfn-sb-Sp--Ww.

ssewKnI Imcyfnep Pnmk


Iuamcn CXv kzm`mhnIamWv . buh\ Lntep
XmsdSpns `mKhpamWv. BIpnIfpsS apdnbn Ah Bcm[np
\mbnIamcpsSbpw s]IpnIfpsS apdnbn \mbIamcpsSbpw Nn{X
ImWsSpXv CXns `mKamWv . Nne Aoe ]pkv X Itfbpw
\oen{Xtfbpw B{ibnpp. Iuam-c-m-cn kzbw-t`mKw km[m-c-Wam-Wv. Iuam-c-m-cnse i-amb ssewKn-tIms Xncn-p-hnv BtcmKy-I-chpw {Inbm--I-hp-amb _-amn amm A[ym-]-Ip Ignbpw
t{]mPIvSv, CS-I-ep kwL-{]-h-\-, Ie, Imbn-I-{]-h-\-
XpS-n-b-h-bneqsS.

ssewKnIX imcocnI Xen am{Xap Hcp kv{Xo ]pcpj _a


adnv ZmXy Pohn-X-nsbpw IpSpw_ Pohn-X-n-sbpw Hcp ASnm\ LSIw IqSn-bm-Wv.
Iuamcm ssewKnI _n GsSm CSbmp
kmlNcy :-
BImw
{]W-b-ns XpS
Iqp-Im-cpsS kn\p hgn.
kmnI t\n\v thn ssewKnIX D]tbmKsSpptm.
apXnXmWv F tXm Df-hm-Ip-tm

hnhm-l]
- q ssewKnI _w AS-a- p {]h-WX
- I
- \psS kwkvImc-n\pw aqey k]-pw \nc-p--X.
CXn \np Xopw ]nmdm Ignbmh IuknenwKn\v
hnt[bcmtIXmWv.

kml-knIamb {]hrnIfntesSpXn-\p {]h-WX


kaqlnep AhcpsS m\w a\nempXn\pthn ]co-W--fn-tes-Sp--Xn-\p Xzc Iuamcmcn Iphcpp. apXnhsc
A\pIcnpXn\pw, kplrpfpsS kn\mepw
]e
A]ISIcamb {]hrnIfnepw GsSpp. DZm: ]pIhen, aZy]m\w,

54

NqXmw, tamjWw, ]Wn\p thn ssewKnI _ntesS XpSn-bh.

A]ISIcamb {]h\ `mhnPohnXs tZmjIcambn


_m[npsaXv t_m[ysSppI.
amfpsS ASnm\n
Iuamcmcn Ip hcp s]cpam khntijXI

kzmX{y Xzc
imcocnI, am\knI, kmaqlnI hfbpsS ]cnWmaLambXn\m
Iuamcmcn kzmX{yhmPvO hf-sc-b-[nIw ImWmw. cnXmfn \nv
hnv ka{]mbmcntepw ]pXnb hnizm-km-Nm-c--fn-tepw \opp.

hynXzw
Iuamcm XfpsS s]cpamneqsS enwK]camb hyXncn-Xbpw
(Gender identity), {InbmI icoc kev]hpw Bm`nam\ t_m[hpw
{]ISampp. "Rm BcmWv' "Rms\mWv'? Fo tNmZyp
XpSbmb At\zjWnemWv Iuamcm Ftmgpw.

kulrZw
kvt\lnm\pw kvt\lnsSm\pap Xzc {]ISampp. ap-h-cp-ambn Bgnep _w krjvSnm {ianpp.

ka{]mbmcnep B{inXXzw
kzw hynXzw m]nsSpm\pw XfpsS kzmX{yw
{]Xn^ennphm\pambn ka{]mbmcpambp Nmn\v apKW\
\Ipp. Iuam-c-m-cn aqey-t_m-[-hpw, kmaq-ly-h-c-Whpw krjvSnp--Xn ka-{]m-b-m \nWm-bI kzm[o\w sNep-p-p. AtX kabw
]pI-h-en, aZy-]m\w XpS-nb Zpo-e- Bcw-`n-p-Xpw ka-{]m-b-mcpsS k-n\v hg-n-bm-Wv. Ccw k`-sf AXn-Po-hn-p--Xn\p kzbw {]Xn-tcm-[-tijn Iuam-c-L--n Bn-t--Xp-v.

_pnin
Iuamcmcn [njWm tijnbpw kKm--I-ti-jnbpw hnpXv
AhcpsS s]cpamn {]Xn^enpp. tIheamb XzhnNmc
Dsmm\pw A\pam\hpw bpnbpw hnthNnv a\nemm\pw Ch
{]m]vXcmIpp. CsXmw Iuam-cmcn Bm`nam\w DbpXn\v
ImcWamIpp.

55

skj 3
Iuam-cmcpsS {]iv\-fpw ]cn-lm-c-fpw
kabw: 1aWnq
Adnhnmbvabpw {ibnmbvabpw Iuamcmsc ]e {]iv\--fntepw \bnmdpv. AXpt]mse hrnbnmbva Nne tcmKfntepw
\bnpp. A[ym]Icpw cnXmfpw Cu Ln Ipnv icnbmb
am\nti \IWw. imco-cnI hf-bp-ambn _-s-pw IpSpw_
kmaqly Pohn-X-hp-ambn _-spw Iuam-c-m-cn hnhn[ am\-knI {]iv\ DS-se-Sp-m-dp-v.

Dt-iyw
IuamcmcpsS imcocnI, am\-kn-I, kmaq-lnI hfsbbpw
{]iv\--sfbpw A\p-_ {]Xnhn[nIsfbpw ]n [mcW
e`npXn\v.

]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
{]iv\, {]Xnhn[nI Fgp-Xnb ImUp-I
tNmZysnbnse tNmZy

{]h\w 4a
s]Ip-n-Iv A[ym-]nI mkv \S-p-p.
RP Hmtcm {]iv\fpw {]Xnhn[nIfpw FgpXnb ImUpI
Xmdmn {KqpIfn \Ipp. {Kqn NsNpp.
{Kqn \npw 2 t] tUmIvS, tcmKn F coXn-bn
tdmt Ah-X-cn-npp. XpSv A.-]n. hni-Zo-I-cn-p-p.
tNmZysnbn \nv e`np tNmZypw RP hniZoIcWw
\tIXmWv.

R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
tdmt-bn hy-am-Im Imcy- RP CS-s]v ka-{K-am--Ww.

56

s]IpnI A\p`hnp imcocnI {]iv\ / {]Xnhn[nI

apJpcp
s]IpnIsf hfscb[nIw Aep HmWv Iuamcn apJp
{]XysSp Ipcp. CXhcpsS kucy {]iv\w IqSnbmWv. ]c-kynepw apw ImWp Fpw hmn D]tbmKnm Cu kabv Ah
XmdmIpp. CXv kmnI \jvSn\pw AePn apXembhpw
ImcWamImw. tlmtam {]h\ ^eambmWv apJpcp DmIpXv.

apJ-pcp \nb-{n-p--Xn-\p Nne-am-


XWp shn apJw CSnsS IgpIpI
sNdp]bs]mSn tkmn\p ]Icambn D]tbmKnpI
AanXambn sImgpv, a[pcw IgnmXncnpI
[mcmfw shw IpSnpI
CednIfpw ]dnIfpw [mcmfw D]tbmKnpI.
\Jw sImv apJpcp IpnsmnmXncnpI.
Xo{hXtbdnb apJpcp Dh tUmIvSdpsS tkh\w tXtSXmWv.

aq{Xnse AWp_m[
aq{Xw HgnmsX IqSpX kabw ]nSnp \npI, shw
IpSnmsXbncnpI, Kply`mKs ipNnXzpdhv XpSnbh aq{Xnse
AWp_m[bvv ImcWamIpp. ZoLt\cw CdpInb ASnhkv{X
[cnptm hnbv \\bphm\p km[yX IqSpw.
CXpw
AWp_m[bvv ImcWamIpw.

eW
Fcnn

iamb ]\n

hndb

On

XethZ\

CSbvnsS aq{Xw Hgn

hcmXncnm
IqSpX kabw aq{Xw HgnmsX CcncpXv.
hrnbp tSmbvepI D]tbmKnpI
IpnIv Bhiyaptm aq{Xw HgnpXn\v
sImSppI.

kuIcyw

aq{Xw HgnXn\ptijw shw D]tbmKnv Kply`mKw hrnbm-pI.

57

Xnfnmdnb shw [mcmfw IpSnpI.

hm
tUmIvSsd Iv NnIntXtSXv BhiyamWv.

icocZpKw
AanX hnbns Kw Ahchpw aphpw Ak-ly-X-bp-fhmpw. km[mcWbmbn hnbv ZpKapX. Fm _mIvSo-cn-bmbpsS hf {]tXyInv Ifn hnbns\ ZpKapXmpp.

CsXmgnhmm
Znhkhpw 2 t\csanepw IpfnpI
hmbpkmcw XSsSpm Ab tIm hkv{X
[cnpI
hkv{X IgpIn shbnev DWpI
]gfpw ]dnIfpw [mcmfw D]tbmKnpI.
Znhtk\ 8 mkv shw IpSnpI
Ipfnp shn \mcm\ocv tNpI.
thns Ce, bqmenvkv F, cmans thcv Fnh
Ipfnphm\p shn 2-3 aWnq Cv hXn\ptijw
IpfnpXv \XmWv.

hnf (A\oanb)
Ccpv k ns Ipdhv hnfv ImcWamIpp. tcmKeWw
It]mfIp-nse \nd hyXymkw t\mnbmednbmw.

eW
Dtjpdhv
hninmbva
XethZ\
XeIdw
Bbmksm InXv.

]cnlmcw
Nocbne, apcnbne, XpSnb CednI Znhkhpw IgnpI.
ISe, Cugw, DWapncn, Xna, ayw (Abe,
an) amwkw, ic Ch Blmcn IqSpX DsSppI.

58

^wKkv _m[
hrnbnmbvabmWv ^wKkv _m[bpsS {][m\ ImcWw.

ImcW
\mbn DWm ASnhkv{Xw [cnpI
Bh kabs ipNnXzanmbva
aeaq{Xhnk\n\ptijw {i-bn-m-sX-bp hrn-bm

]cnlmcw
Bh kabv sdUnsabvUv \m]vInkv D]tbmKnph
CSnsS amdm {inpI.
XpWn D]tbmKnph AXv NqSpshn IgpIn \
shbnen DWn D]tbmKnpI.
aeaq{Xhnk\n\ptijw apn \nv ]pdtImv F
coXnbn hrnbmpI.
IgnhXpw tIm ASn hkv{X D]tbmKnpI.

sht]mv
sht]mv Ahnk\ kabpw, Bhn\p appw
IqSpXembncnpw. km[mcW KXnbn Cu {khw \ndanmXpw
sXfnXpw hgphgppXpw ZpKanmXpamWv. CXn AWp_m[
Dm-Ip-tm-gmWv ZpKw DmIpXv. ZpKaptXm, a, ] Fo
\nd- a p- tXm, \pctbmSpIqSnbtXm, cw IetXm BsWn
tUmIv S dpsS klmbw tXSpI. (Anbpcpw Ft]cnepw CXv
]dbpsanepw Anbpambn CXn\v bmsXmcp _hpan.)

Ddpdhv
]ncn-ap-dp-hpw, hnjm-Z-hp-ap Ipn-Iv Ddpdhv DmIm\p
km[yX IqSpXemWv . Ddpdhv ]T\s _m[npp. Ddp
kabmWv hfm tlmtamWpI {][m\ambpw D]mZnnsSpXv.
Ddpdhv tlmtamWpIfpsS D]mZ\n\v XSamIpw.

{int Imcy
InSpapdn Ddm am{Xw D]tbmKnpI.
Ddm t\cw Ab hkv{X [cnpI.

59

DdpXn\v sXmpapv Sn. hn. bn hnImchntm`fpm


Ip cwK ImWcpXv.

apJtcma hf
A]qw s]IpnIfn {insSp Xcn apJtcma
hfbpmImw. Xosc IpdhmsWn AhKWnpItbm hon e`yamb
hkvXp IkvXqcn a, \mcm \ocv XpSnbh D]-tbm-Knv \nb{npItbm sNmhpXmWv.

Bhw Cmbva
Bhw XpSmXncnpItbm XpSnbXv \npItbm
sNpXmWv Cu Ah. 15-17 hbn\pn Bhw XpS-n-bns-n hnZKv[]cntim[\ BhiyamWv. ssewKnI _-n-tes-Smdphcn K`[mcWamWv Cu Ahv {][m\ ImcWw.

Bh ]qeW
CXv ssZ\wZn\ {]h\sf _m[n hn[n
Xo{hamsWn am{Xw tUmIvSdpsS klmbw tXSpI. (refer page no. 21)

Bh thZ\
K`mibn tlmtamWpIfpsS {]h\^eambn Bh
kabtm AXn\p aptm ]ecnepw ASnhbn thZ\ A\p`hsSpp.
Nnecn CXv \nmchpw ap Nnecn Xo{hhpambncnpw. Xo{hthZ\bp
h tUmIvSdpsS klmbw tXtSXmWv.

icochfbnse kam\Xbnmbva
icoc`mKfnse kam\Xbnmbva sNdnb Afhn km[mcWamWv.
CXv am\knI hnjan\v ImcWamtXn. DZm: kv X \fpsS
henhyXymkw, AbmImt\m apebqmt\m D Ignhpambn bmsXmcp
_hpan.

Iuamcnse K`[mcWw / K`On{Zw


ssewKnI NqjWn\v s]IpnI hnt[bcmIm IqSpX
km[yXbp ImeLamWv Iuamcw. AXpt]mse Iuamc{]Wbhpw
ssewKnI _ntev \bntmw. ssewKnI _ntes
s]Ipn K`nWnbmIm km[yXbpv . hnhml ]q ssewKnI
_s kaqlw Hcnepw AwKoIcnpn. CXv \psS kZm-Nmc

60

aqey-v hncp--amWv. IqSmsX Iuamc Imes K`[mcWw {]P\\


BtcmKysbpw am\knI BtcmKysbpw XIpIbpw sNpp.
kpcnXam K`On{Zam kzoIcnpXv Hcp ]t
acWn\p hsc ImcWamIpIbpw sNpw.

IuamceW {]XysSmXncn
]mccy ImcWfm Iuamcns XpSw IpnIfn hfsc
t\cttbm, hfsc sshIntbm Bhmw. CmcWm Htc mn Xs
Iuamchf ]qnbmbhscbpw Amhscbpw ImWmw. s]
IpnIfn 1617 Ignnpw IuamceW {]XysSpnsn
hniZamb ]cntim[\bvv tUmIvSsd ImtWXmWv.

{]h\w 4b
BIp-n-Iv A[ym-]I mkv \S-p-p.
RP Hmtcm {]iv\fpw {]Xnhn[nIfpw FgpXnb ImUpI
Xmdmn {KqpIfn \Ipp. {Kqn NsNpp.
{Kqn \npw 2 t] tUmIvS, tcmKn F coXn-bn
tdmt Ah-X-cn-npp. XpSv A.-]n. hni-Zo-I-cn-p-p.
tNmZysnbn \nv e`np tNmZypw RP hniZoIcWw
\tIXmWv.

R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
BIpnIimcocnI hf-bpw, A\p-_ {]iv\fpw

icoc kev]w
km[mcWbmbn ssewKnIXbpw BIjIXzhpw HcmfpsS imcocnI
khntijXIfpambn sXmbn _sSpmdpv. s]mw, \ndw, t]ioZrVX, aoi, XmSn tcmaw XpSnbh. CXnep]cn HcmfpsS hynXzw, kz`mhw,
s]cpamw av \ KpW FnhbmWv Hcp hynsb bYmn
BIjWob\mpXv Fv Iuamcm Adn-n-cn--Ww. CXv
AhcpsS Bm`nam\hpw Bhnizmkhpw hnnpp.

ssewKnImhbhfpsS ipNnXzw BIpnIfn


Ipfnptmgpw, aq{XsamgnXn\ptijhpw enwKm{KNw ]ntmv
\on IgpIn hrnbmtXmWv. enwKm{KNw ]ntmv \om

61

{]bmkw Dh tUmIv S dpsS klmbw tXtS- - X m- W v . Ftmgpw


shbnepWnb hrn-bp ASnhkv{X D]tbmKnWw.

apJtcma hf
Nne BIpnIfn ka{]mbmsc At]nv apJtcma
Ipdhmbncnmw. apJtcmafpsS Akmn[ytam Ipdthm ]ucpjs
_m[npn.

ssK\tmamnb
Iuamcmcmb BIpnIfn XmmenIamb kv X \ hf
Iphcmdpv. XnIpw km[m-c-W-ambn Ip-h-cm-dp Cu Ah Hcp
NnInbpw IqSmsX cp hjn\pn A{]Xyamhpw. cp
hjn\ptijhpw Ipdbpnsn tUmIvSdpsS klmbw tXSpI.

kzbwt`mKw
km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn Ipn-bpsS Btcm-Kysttbm {]Xyp]m-Z\ tijnsbtbm, `mhn ssewKnI Pohn-X-ttbm {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-m Cu
{]hrn Aan-X-am-hp-I-bm-sW-n a\ximkv{X-]-c-amb klmbw tXtS-Xm-Wv.

kz]v\ kvJe\w
BtcmKyap Hcp hynbn ipw \nccambn DXv]m-Zn-n--s-SpIbpw Hcp ]cn[n Ignbptm kzm`mhnIambn kvJe\w kw`hnpIbpw
sNpp. CXv anhmdpw DdnemWv kw`hnpXv . XnIpw
kzm`mhnIamb Cu {]{Inb Fm ]pcpj\nepw kw`hnppsnepw
CXns Bhr-n-bn hyXymkapmImw.

IuamcLnepmIp
am\knI / kmaqlnI {]iv\ ]cnlmc
{]h\w 5
]m\ N
IuamcImeLnse am\knI kwLj kqNnnp taJe-I (Znhm-kz-]v\w, GIm-{K-X-bn-mbva, hnjmZw, A]-Ij-Xm-t_m-[w, ]qcI-enw-K-tm-Sp {]Xn-]-n, ]pI-hen, aZyw ab-p-a-cpv XpS-n-b-h-bpsS
D]-tbm-Kw) Is-p-p. Hmtcm taJ-e-bp-ambn _-sv N-sN-t
Bi-b- aqIqn \In mknse Hmtcm Ipnsb B taJ-e-bnse hnZKv[-\mbn Npa-X-e-s-Sp-p-I. hnZ-Kv[-cpsS Cu ]m\-en-t\mSv mkvap-dn-bn

62

N-bn-eqsS cq]wsIm, hnhn[ taJ-I-e-I-fp-ambn _-s tNmZy-


Ipn-I tNmZn--Ww. hnZ-Kv[ \Ip adp-]-Sn-bp-ambn _-sv D]-tNmZy--fp-am-Imw. ]m\ N-bpsS tamU--td- B.]n Bbn-cn--Ww. Hmtcm
taJ-e-bp-w _-s D-c--fn tamU-td- CS-s]v ka-{KX hcp-Ww.
XmsgsmSp-n-cn-p Bi-b- ]m\ Nbvp {]tbm-P-\-sSp-mw.

Znhmkz]v\w ImWpI
CXv IuamcLns khntijXbmWv. ]etmgpw kzta[b Am
sXbmWnXv \SpXv. AXn\m Ahsc IpsSppXv icnb.

]cnlmc
Ie, kmlnXyw, ImbnIw, kmaqlnI kwLS\m {]h\
XpS-nb {InbmIamb {]h\fn GsSm ]camh[n
Ahkc \evIpI.

GIm{KXbnmbva
IpSpw_ {]iv\, kmaqlnI {]iv\, IfnIfnepw hnt\m-Z-fnepw apap AanX Xmev]cyw, Nne ioefpsS iamb kzm[o\w
apXembh aqew hnZymnIv ]T\n {i\ne\nm
km[nmsX hcpp.

]cnlmc
ey-t_m-[-tm-sS-bp Nn-bmb PohnX{Iaw ]men-p-I.
tbmK/ [ym\w apXembh ]cn-io-en-pI.

Bm`nam\pdhv
hyn]chpw am\knIhpw kmaqlnIhpamb Nne A\p`h
IpnbpsS Bm`nam\w IpdbvpXn\p ImcWamImdpv.

]cnlmc
Ipnbnse hnhn[ IgnhpIsf Isn ]camh[n t{]mm-lnn-pI.
IpnbpsS sNdnb t\pt]mepw Al-amb
\IpI.

{]iwk

IpnbpsS t]cp hnfnv kwkmcnpI.


mnse {]h\fn Xpey Ahkc e`yampI.

63

IpnbpsS In t\mn kwkmcnpI.


Ipn-Isf Xmc-Xayw sNp coXn Hgn-hm-p-I.

hnjmZw
ktmjnphm Ignbm Ah, AanXamb Ipt_m[w,
Hnepw Xmev]cyanmbva, Dtjpdhv, kaqlhpambn CSs]Sm\p
_pnapv , ]T\n Xmev ] cyanmbv a , kzw kmlNcytmSv
CWntcm\p _pnapv , AanXamb `bw, DXv I Wv T apXembh
hnjmZns Nne eWfmbn IWmmw.
inYneamb IpSpw_mcow, amXm]nXmfpsS B[n]Xyw, am\knI
imcocnI ssewKnI ]oU\, kv t \lw, AwKoImcw apXembh
e`nmXncn, Nnbnm PohnXssien, amXm]nXmfpsS th]mSv
XpSnbh ImcWfmhmw.

]cnlmc
hnjmZns ImcWw a\nemn Bhiyamb IukenwKv
\IpI.
IpnIfpsS s]cpamnse hyXymk cnXmfpw
A[ym]Icpw {inpI.
IpSpw_mcow sasSppI.
a\n\v ktmjw e`np hnt\mZfn GsSm Ahkcw \IpI.
eWfn Imcyamb amw hcpnsn IgnbpXpw
thKw a\ximkv{X NnIn e`yampI. cnXmv th
t_m[hcWw \ev I Ww. hnjmZw BlXybpsS Hcp
{][m\ ImcWamWv.

A]IjXm t_m[w
imco-cn-Ihpw km-n-I-hp-amb \nch[n Imc-W--fm Ipn-I-fn
A]-Ij-Xm-t_m[w Dm-Imw.
Iuamcm XfpsS icoc`mKs kw_nv AXoh
DXvIWvTbphcmWv. ka{]mbmcpambn XmcXayw sNpXn\v Ah
AXnbmbn B{Klnpp. sshInam{Xw hfsbp Iuamcm
A]IjXm t_m[w {]ISnntmw. Nne X A\mIjIcpw
hncq]cpamsWpw BisSpp. aphcpambp CSs]Sen Ahv

64

_pnap\p`hsSpw. ap--hsmw t\- ssIh-cn-m km[n-m-Xn-\mepw Ipn-I-fn A]-Ij-Xm-t_m[w Dm-Imw.

]cnlmc
Bhnizmkw IqSpXn\v klmbIamb {]h\
\evIpI.
IpsSpmXncnpI
IpnbpsS hynXzs am\npp F t_m[w DmpI.
kzbw Imcy GsSpp sNm\p Ahkc \IpI.
AwKoImchpw t{]mml\hpw \IpI.
H-s-Sp-m-Xn-cn-p-I.
Xmc-X-ay-s-Sp-m-Xn-cn-pI

Aan-X-amb {]Xn-]n (Infatuation)


Iuamcm ]qcI enwKnshtcmSv Xo{hamb Xmev ] cyw
{]ISnnmdpv.

]cnlmc
Iuamct{]asp- d npw apw
IuknenwKv \Imhq.

hyn]cambn am{Xta

Ccw s]cpamv AanX {]m[m\yw \In Ii\


AS \S]SnIsfSpmXncnpI
hnai\hpw

Bt]hpw HgnhmpI

anIvkUv {Kqv t{]mPkIvSv {]h\ BtcmKyIcamb


CSs]S Dmphm klmbnpw.

]pIhen, aZyw, abpacppIfpsS D]tbmKw


IqpImcpsS kzm[o\w, apXnhsctmse s]cpamdm\p {iaw,
hnent\mSp {]Xntj[w, Pnmk, aph sNpXv t\cnv Iv
A\pIcn XpSnbh Iuamcmsc Cu Zpoe XpSm
t{]cnnp LS-IfmWv.
]etmgpw ]m akm-e-I IgnpXpSn {ItaW ]pIhenbntep
Xncn-bpp. XpSv aZyw, abpacppI Fnh D]tbmKnpXn\pw
km[yXbpv. mkn IbdmXncn, ]pXnb IqpsIp- I
{]XysS, hopImtcmSv tZjyw {]ISnn, hon \nv cq]bpw

65

apw \jvSsS, Ipfn-ap-dnbn Gsdkabw sNehgn, ]T\n


s]sv ]ntmw t]mI apXembh {instSXmWv.

abpacpv D]tbmKnphcpsS Nne {]tXyI eW


IpI NphncnpI, Ip\ocv hcnI, ImgvNpdhv
Ahyamb kwkmcw
mn abnbncn
icocn ]pXnb Ipnhbvns ASbmf, hkv{Xfn
tNmcmSpI
ap--hcn \nv H-s-Sp-hm-\p {]h-WX
am\knI AI
AImcWamb tIm]w
thshtcmSv sshImcnIamb AI
HmniIv, GIm{KXpdhv
hndb, Ne\fnepw \Snepw kqvaXbnmbva
Xqw Ipdb, hninmbva
ssZ\wZn\ Imcyfn Dmlpdhv

abacppIfpsS D]tbmKw, tZmj^e apXembhsbn


A[ym]I hmbndnncntXmWv.

ab-p-a-cpv D]-tbmKw XSbpXn\v


abpacppmp tcmK, hn]pI Fn-h-sb-pdnv Ahcpambn NsNpI (DZmlcW klnXw)
hnZymnIfpambn Xpdv kwkmcnpIbpw BtcmKyIchpw
KmVhpamb hyn_w DmpIbpw sNpI.
Ch D]tbmKnphscn
Adnbnm t{]mmlnnpI.

kwibapsn AXv

IuamcmcpsS {]iv\ NsNpI, Bhiyamb ]cnlmcw


IspI.
eyt_m[w hfm klmbnpI.
Xgbs Hcp IpnbmWv Xm F t_m[w Ahv Hcnepw
DmImXncnm {inWw.

66

A[ym]I Ftmgpw Hcp klmbnbmbn \ne-sImWw


Ipn-Ifpw amXm-]n-Xm-fpw Xn ZrV-amb ASpw Dd-m-pI.
aZynsbpw abpacpnsbpw D]tbmKw av A\mimky
{]hWXIfntev Xncnv ]eZpcn\pw ImcWamIpsav
IpnIsf t_m[ysSppI. thn-h-m cn-Xm--sfbpw
t_m[-h-cn-p-I.
CXn \npw ]nmdm IgnbmhcpsS cnXmsf Adnbnv
NnIn e`yampI (Uo-A-Un- Iukn-enw-Kn\v hnt[-bam-p-I)

el-cn-]-Zm--fpsS D]-tbmKw hyn Pohn-X-n-t-bpw, kaq-l-nsbpw XIv Imc-Wa- m-Ip-sa-X


- n-\m Cu Ah XcWw sNp-Xn-\mbn kam-\n-jvT-amb Hcp PohnXw Iuam-c-L--n Xs
Ipn-I Icp-n-Sn-n-t--Xm-Wv. A\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-amb {]tem-`-\--fnepw
k--fnepw i-ambn 'NO' ]d-bm\p Ignhv hfn-sb-Sp-Ww.

Iuam-c-Im-e-p-m-Ip Kuc-h-amb am\-knI {]iv\-


s]cp-am sshIey-
hynXz sshI-ey-
B-lXym {]h-WX
Dm-Z-tcmKw
hnjm-Z-tcmKw

]cnlmcw
Ipn-bpsS \nb-X-amb kz`mh coXn-bn \nv mbn-bmb hyXnbm-\- Dm-Ip-tm Ipnv Hcp inipam\-knI tUmIvS-dpsS
klmbw \Ip-I.

67

`mKw {]P-\-\-hy-h-bpw
2B {]P-\-\hpw
skj: 1
1. {]P\\ hyh
(Reproductive system) ...................
skj: 2
2. {]P-\\w
(Reproduction) .........................................................
skj: 3
3. {]P\\mtcmKyw
(Reproductive Health) ........................................
skj: 4
4. enwKt`Zw, ssewKnIX, enwK]Zhn
(Sex, Sexuality and Gender) ........................
skj: 5
5. kwib\nhmcWw .................................................

68

skj 1
{]P-\\ hyh (Reproductive system)
kabw: 1 aWnq

Dt-iy-w
kv{Xo]pcpj {]P\\ Ahbhsfbpw AhbpsS
{]h\sfbpw ]n tamUepI, NmpI Fnh
D]tbmKnv IpnIsf ]cnNbsSppI.

]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
{]XpXv]mZ\ AhbhfpsS NmpI
am s]

s]kn

{]h\w 6
R.P Nmns / OHP klmb-m ssewKnI Ah-b-h--fpsS `mK hnh-cn-p-p.

R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
]pcpjmcpsS {]P\\ Ahbh
]pcpjs ssewKnI AhbhamWv enwKw. CXv icocn \npw
aq{Xw ]pdm\pw D]tbmKnpp. _oPw enwKneqsSbmWv
]pdv hcp--Xv. km[mcW aq{Xhpw iphpw shtsd ka-b--fnemWv ]pdpXv. AXn\m aq{Xhpw iphpw Htc kabw Hcpanv
]pdphcpn. amhap aqv tImi]mfnI sImmWv CXv
\nnncnpXv.
enwKns ASn`mKv Nw sImp kn t]mse
ImWsSp `mKamWv hrjW kn. hrjWkn Aco
Xm]\nepw icoc Dujv a mhn\pw A\pkcnv hyXymksp
sImncnpp.
Hmh BIrXnbnep cv hrjW hrjWknbn nXn
sNpp. cp Xcw tImi sImmWv Ch \nnncnpXv.
Ch-bn NneXv _oPs DXv]mZnnptm ap-Nn-eXv ]pcpj
ssewKnI tlmtamWmb sStmntdm DXv]mZnnpp.

69

hrjWns cp hifnembn NpcpfpIfmbn nXn sNp


`mKamWv A[n-hr-jWnI. _oP kw`cWw ChnsSbmWv \S-p--Xv.
hrjWw apX aq{X\mfn hsc _oPsf hln-p-sImp t]mIp
Ipg-em-Wv _oP-\mfn.
ssewKnI DtP\w \Sptm t{]mtv {Kn, t{]mtnIv
{ZmhIw ]pdsSphnpp.
aq{Xmibw apX enwKm{Kwhscbp IpgemWv aq{X\mfn. CXv
aq{Xmibn \nv aq{Xw ]pdm D]tbmKnpp. iphpw
CXneqsSbmWv ]pdsSpXv.
t{]mtn\p kao]v aq{X\mfnbpsS Ccphifnembn nXn
sNp cv {KnIfmWv "Iut]-gvkv{Kn'. kvJe\n\p apmbn
Nne {kh CXv ]pdsSphnpp.

kv{XoIfpsS {]P\\ Ahbh


\ofhpw I\hpap N ]mfnIfmWv henb `K-m[-c-. Inbp
sImgpp ]mfnI sImv \nnncnpp. Ch sNdnb `Km[csf
s]mXn-n-cn-p-p. CXns _mly`mKw tcmamhrXambncnpw.
henb `Km[cfpsS Dn ImWsSp \ofhpw I\hpw Ipd
sNdnb N ]mfnIfmWv sNdnb `K-m[-c-. sNdnb `Km[c
apI`mKv Irkcnbpambn _nnsncnpp. Ch
tcmamhrXa.
tbm\npw aq{X\mfnapJn\pw apIfnembn nXn-sN-p sNdnb
Hcp AhbhamWv Irkcn.
tbm\oapJw BhcWw sNbvXncnp t\ ]mSbmWv I\ym-Nw.
tbm\napJw apX K`mibKfwhscbp {]thi\ amKamWv tbm\n.
tbm\nbpsS `nnI Cemnv tImifm \nn-n-cn-p-p.
{]kh thfbn Ipn ]pdtv hcpXv CXneqsSbmWv.
K`mibns\ tbm\nbpambn _nnp CSpnb `mKamWv
K`m-i-b-Kfw.
ASnhbn nXn sNpXpw amwk t]inIfm \nnXhpamb
AhbhamWv K`-]m{Xw. Ahmln\n IpgepI K`mibns
Ccp hifnepw Xpdncnpp. K`mibn\v Dhiw Hcp
{]tXyI Xcnep tImi sImv BhcWw sNbvXncnpp

70

(FtUm- s a- { Sn- b w). Bh kabv Ch ]pdsSpp.


K`[mcWw \Sp Ignv K`]m{Xns D`nnbn {`qWw
kpcnXabn hfcpIbpw XpSv K` iniphmIpIbpw sNpp.
Ccphihpw K`mibntev Xpdncnp IpgemIrXnbnep
AhbhamWv A-hm-ln\n Ipg. Amibn \np ]q
hfsbnb Aw K`mibntev ISp hcpXv
Ahmln\n IpgeneqsSbmWv.
K`mibn\v Ccphifnembn nXnsNp Hcp tPmUn sNdnb
AhbhfmWv Am-i-b. Ch-bmWv Aw D]m-Zn-n-p-Xv. Hcp s]Ipn EXpaXnbmIp-tXmsS Amibw amkn
Hv F \ncn Aw ]pdsSphnp XpSpp. IqSmsX
Cukv{SP, t{]mP-s-tdm Fo kv{Xo tlmtamWpIfpw Ch
DXv]m-Zn-n-p-p.

Bhw DmIpXv
1.
hfsbnb Aw: _oPhpambn tNv DmIp {`qWs
kzoIcnm\mbn K`]m{Xn FtUmsa{Snbw Hcpnbncnpp.
2.

Atm\w: Amibn \nv Aw ]pdtp


hcp {]{In-b-bmWv Atm-\w.

3.

Aw A-hmln\n-p-gen: ]pd-tv h Aw ]noSv


A-hm-ln-\n-p-g-en Fp-p. _oPw ChnsSbmsWntcpI.

4.

_oPkwtbmKan: 24 aWnqdn\Iw _oPhpambn tNcm Ign-ns-n Aw \inp t]mIpw.

5.

Bhw: {`qWs kzoIcnm Imncp FtUmsa{Snbw


CfIn iIefmbn ]pdtv Hgp-Ipp. AXns\ t]mjn-n-n-cnp temanII s]mn c{kmhhpw DmIpp.

Hcp kv{XobpsS Bh N{Iw 28 ZnhkamsWn ]Xn\memas


Znhkw Aw Amibn \np ]pdpw. Amibn
\npw ]pdp Aw 24 aWnq Pohnncnpw. Fm _oPw 72
aWnqdpw. Cu kabv K`[mcWn\p km[yX IqSpXemWv .
Fm AtmXv ] mZ\ns Znhkw IrXyambn {]hNnphm
km[ya. AXn\m kpcnX ImeLw IWmm\mbn Bh
N{Is aqmbn Xcw Xncnncnpp. Bh N{Ins a[y`mKs
Ime-L-w, AXmbXv cw t]mv XpSpXns ]mas Znhkw

71

apX ]Xns\mas Znhkw hsc K`[mcWw DmIm km[yXbp


Imeambn IWmnbncnpp. Fm ApapX 9 hscbpXpw 19
apX 28 hscbpXpamb Znhk kpcnXImeambn IWmpp.
Bh N{Iw {Iaam kv{XoIfn Cu IWpIq icnbmIpIbn.
EXp-a-Xn-bm-Ip--tXmsS s]Ipn K`-[m-c-W-tijn ssIh-cn-p-p.
]t kmtXnIamb An B tijn ssIhpIgnmepw
Abmhm\p am\knI, imcocnI ]IzXbpmhpXv 1920 hbtmsS
am{XamWv. 18 hbmIp--tXmsS s]Ipn BcnIambpw _mlyambpw
GXmv ]qhfsbp- p. K`]m{Xn\pw ap {]P\\
Ahbhpw ]qW hfsbpXn\p apv K`w [cnpIbpw
{]khnpXpw AbpsS BtcmKys Kpcp-X-c-ambn _m[npw.
AXpsImmWv hnhmln\p Ipd {]mbw 18 Fv
\nbnncnpXv.

t\mv: tcJmNn{Xw , H, Fv ]n. Fnh D]tbmKsSpmw.


{]P\\ Ahbhsf hniIe\w sNbvXv icnbmb [mcW
]Ip sImSppI.

72

skj 2
{]P-\\w (Reproduction)
kabw: 40 an\nv

Dt-iy-
K`[mcWs Ipdnv Ipnv a\nemn sImSppI.
BtcmKyIcamb Hcp ssewKnI PohnX coXn Ipnv
a\nemn sImSpWw.

{]h\w 7
B. ]n. Nmns klmb-m Hcp kv{Xobn F-s\-bmWv K`[m-cWw Dm-IpXv Fv efnX `mj-bn imkv{Xo-b-ambn hnh-cn-p-p.
CXn-s\-p-dnv IqSp-X kwi-b-\n-hm-cWw R.P \Spp.

Ipdnv: kl-]m-Tn-It- fmSv kwkm-cn-p-tm Ipn-I


km[m-cW
- b
- mbn imkv{Xob ]Z- D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xn-\p-]Icw Aoe ]Z-f- m-bn-cnpw {]tbm-Kn-p-I. imkv{Xob ]Z t]mepw Ao-eh
- m-p-If- mbn IcpXn ]d-bm aSn-Im-Wn-pI-bp-am-hmw. ]t Ccw imk-{Xob ]Z- {]tbm-Knv ]cnN-bn-t-Xv AXym-hi
- y-am-Wv. Ipn-If- psS `mK-p-\nv \mWw,
Cnfn, s]mn-n-cn-I Fnh {]Xo-n-mw. Acw k`-fn Btcm-Ky-Ic
- a- mb Bi-bh
- n-\
- n-b
- n\v imkv{Xob ]Z-fpsS {]m[m\yw t_m[y-s-Sp-t-X
- p-v.
ChnsS question answer, discussion Fnh D]tbmKnmw.

R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
kv{Xo-]p-cpj ssewKnI _w hgn _oPw K`m-i-b-n \nt-]n-s-Sp-p. _oP-k--e\w hgn {`qWw Dm-Ip-p. {`qWw K` iniphmbn hf {]m]n-p-p.
Iuamc ImeLn hcpwhcmbvIsfpdnv NnnmsX Nne
ssewKn- I - _ n Gs- S m- d p- v . Cu Imebfhn Iuam- c - m
imcocnIambn ]ckv]cw BIjnsSpXp sImm-WnXv.

73

hnhml ]q _ \psS kaq-l-n\pw kZm-Nm-c-aq-eypw FXn-cmb HmWv, am{X-a A\mhiy K`[mcWhpw


Fv.sF.hn. _m[ AS--ap ssewKn-I-tcm-K- ]nSns]Sm\p
km[yXbpw Gdp--Xm-Wv. Iuam-c-m-cn ]T-\-nse ]ntmm-h-pw CXv Imc-W-am-Ipw.

skj 3
{]P-\\mtcmKyw (Reproductive Health)
kabw: 30 an\nv

Dt-iyw
Ipn-Iv Iuamc K`-ns A]-ISw
t_m[y-s-Sp-p--Xn-\v.

{]h\w 8
Iuamc K`-ns tZmj-h-i- hni-Zo-I-cn-p Hcp IY RP AhX-cnn-p-p. ]{X-hm-I, kw`-h- Fnh D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-mw.
CXp-ambn _-s tNmZy- tNmZn-m Ipn-Iv Ah-kcw
\Ip-p.
Iuamc K`-s-p-Sv Fs-nepw A]-I-S--tfm {]Xym-Lm-Xtfm Dm-Im-\p km[y-X-bp-s-n Ah env sNp-hm IpnI-tfmSv Bh-iy-s-Smw.
Ipn-I tcJ-s-Sp-p-h hmbn-p-tm B. ]n. AXv
t_mUn tcJ-s-Sp-n t{ImUo-I-cn-t--Xm-Wv.

mv

R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h/ t{ImUo-I-cn-t-h


sNdpn Xs K`nWnbmhpXp sImv KpcpXcamb imco-cnIhpw a\:imkv{X]chpw kmaqlnIhpw kmnIhpamb {]Xym-LmX- DmIm km[yXbpv.
hnf A]-I-Sm-h Cc-n-n-p-p. {]P-\-\m-hbh-v amc-Iamb XI-cmdv, K`-n{Zw XpS-n-b Kpcp-X-c-amb {]iv\- Dm-pp.
{]k-h-Ime ac-W- Iuam-c-m-cn Xmc-X-tay\ Dbn-cn-pw. Cu
Ipp P\nptmtgm ssii-hm-h--bntem acnm\panSbpv.

74

IpSpw_ns Acon DmIp amw / kmaqlnI


{]iv\: IpSpw_{]iv\, A]-Ion, Ip-t_m[w, B-lXy, `bw, AI, HsSp, IpsSp, AcnXmh.
`mhn- s b- p- d n- p k]- XI- c p- - X v , hnZym- ` ym- k - n
DmIp amw. hnZym`ymksXmgn km[yX Ipd-bp Ah-.

hnhm-l]
- q-_
- w, Iuamc K`-[m-cW
- w- Fnh kZm-Nmc hncp-hpw, A\m-tcmKyI-c-hp-am-Wv. kp-jvS-amb `mhn IpSpw-_-Po-hn-Xn\v CXv {]Xn-kn krjvSn-p--Xm-Wv. am{X-a Iuam-c-Ime
ssewKn-I-_w K`-[m-cWw Ch Hgn-hm-p--Xn-\p Ghpw
Da amw kZm-Nm-c-aq-ey- apdpsI ]nSn-pI F-Xm-Wv.

75

skj 4
enwKt`Zw, ssewKnIX, enwK]Zhn
(Sex, Sexuality and Gender)
kabw: 30 an\nv

Dt-iyw
enwK-t`Zw, ssewKn-I-X, enwK-]-Zhn Fn-hsbpdnv IpnIsf
t_m[hXvcn-pXn\v

{]h\w 10
R.P mv t_mUn 3 tImf- hc-bvp-p.
s]Ip-n-I

BIp-n-I

cv Iqpw _m[-I-am-bh

Ipn-I-tfmSv hnhn[Xcw hkv{X--sf-p-dnv Btem-Nnv Xcw-Xn-cnv


Cu aqv tImffn-embn tcJ-s-Sp-m ]d-bp-p.
CXpt]mse hnhn[ Xcw tPmen-I, hnhn-[-Xcw hnZym-`ymk tImgvkpI, ImbnI C\-, honse {]h-\-, hnhn[ Xcw hnIm-c (tZjyw, k-Sw, ...) Fn-h-sbmw Xcw-Xn-cnv Fgp-Xm ]d-bpp.
\psS kaq-l-n Hcp s]Ip-n-sb-pdn-p ImgvN-mSv Fv?
Hcp BIp-n-sb-p-dn-p ImgvNmSv Fv?
]qcI enwK-ns Hcm-fm-bn-cpp Rms\-n Fs PohnXw hfsc
hyXym-k-s-t-s\. Imc-Ww Fgp-X, random Ah-X-cWw.
R.P N t{ImUo-I-cn-p-p.

R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h/ t{ImUo-I-cn-t-h


enwK-t`Zw (SEX): Pohimkv{X]camb hyXymkw enwK-t`Zw B/
s].
ssewKnIX (SEXUALITY): Xe-ap-d-I-fpsS \ne-\nn-\p-thn {]IrXn
\Inb Hcp hc-Zm-\-amWv ssewKn-I-X. Pohs \ne-\nn\v Bh-iyamb t{ijvThpw, ]hn-{X-hp-amb Hm-Wn-Xv. Hcp hynv Ahs/
AhfpsS ico-c-s-p-dnv t_m[apmhWw. CXv Hmtcmcpcnepw
AhcpsS kqva kwthZ\ in, XmXv]cyw, hynXzw Fnhsb
B{ibnncnpw. Fm hynIfnepw ssewKnIX Dv.

76

enwK]Zhn (GENDER): CXv Hcp hynbpsS kv{XoklPamtbm


]pcpj klPamtbm D s]cpam hyXymkfpambn _-s--hbm-Wv. CXv hkv{X[mcW coXn, IpSpw-_-km-l-N-cyw, ss]Xr-Iw,
kmaqlnI ]Zhn, kwkvImcnI ]m-ew XpS-n-b-hsb B{i-bn-ncn- p- p. kmaqlnIhXv I cW {]{InbbpsS (Socialization process)
`mKamb CXv kaqln kv{Xo / ]pcpj ]pIsfn hyamb
Bibw Xcpp. CXn\m[mcw kaqlw, kwkv I mcw, ss]XrIw,
IpSpw_w FnhbmWv.
ssewKn-IX aqv coXn-bn {]I-S-am-Wv.
1

Heterosexual ]qcI enwKnshtcmSv ssewKnI BIjWw


tXmp--h. CXv {]Ir-Xym D-Xm-Wv.

kzhKcXnm (Homosexual) : Htc enwKnshcpambn


ssewKnI BIjWw tXmp--hsc kqNnnpp. Men having
sex with Men (MSM)- Women attracted towards Women LESBIAN. Xo{hamb B{i-bXz {]h-WX D Iuam-c-m-cn-emWv kzhKcXn XpS-phm-\p km[yX A[n-I-ambn Ip-h-cp--Xv. CXv Bim-ky-amb Hcp
{]h-W-X-bmbn kaqlw IW-m-p-n-.

Bisexual: ]pcpjmcpamtcmSpw kv{XoItfmSpw Hcp-t]mse ssewKnI


BIjWw tXmphsc kqNnnpp.

\mSn\pw am\h kaq-l-n\pw {]tbm-P\w sNp Btcm-Kyap a\pw ico-ch


- p-ap ]pXnb Xe-ap-dv Pw \Im kvt\lnepw ]c-kv]c hnizm-k-nepw A[n-jvTn-X-amb ]cn-]m-h\ _n-eqsS am{Xta km[n-p-I-bpp.

77

skj 5
kwi-b-\nh-m-cWw

Dt-iyw
IpnIfnep sXmb [mcWIsf ampI. Hw icnbmb Adnhv
]Ip \IpI.

{]h\w 11
tNmZy-sn Xpd-p-tmgpw a-h-k-c--fnepw Ipn-I tNmZn-m-\n-Sbp tNmZy-fpw Ah-bpsS adp-]-Sn-bpamWv Cu `mKv tNn-p--Xv.
CXn tNn-p hnh-c- B. ]n. bpsS Adn-hn-te-p--Xm-Wv. AXp]-tbm-Knv thWw Ipn-I D-bn-p kwi-b-v adp-]Sn \Im.

\ntiw
tNmZy-sn (question box) {]h-\- A`n-ap-Jo-I-cnm R.P sb klm-bn-p--Xn-\p-thn
CXv s]mXpN-bvp--h-b-.
Ipn-I D-bn-m km[y-X-bp Nne kwi-b-fpw Ah-bpsS Dcfpw Xmsg sImSp-n-cn-p-p.

1.

Bhw AipnbmWv.
sXv. km[mcWhpw {]IrXnZhpamWv Bh Zn\. Aip-nbpsS Imesa ]g [mcW icnb. {]tXyI ipNn-Xz-\n-jvIjI ]menp ipn Zn\fmWv Cv Ah.

2.

Bh kabv kv{Xo ASpfbn {]thincpXv.


sXv. Ahv km[mcWbmbn sNp Fm {]hnIfnepw
GsSmw.

3.

P\-t\-{nb-ns hen--sN-dpw `mhn IpSpw-_-Po-hn-Xs


_m[n-ptam?
C. Btcm-Ky-]-c-amb IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-n-s- ASn-m\w ]c-kv]c
hnizm-khpw kvt\l-hp-am-Wv.

78

4. Kply`mKs tcma ncambn tjhv


sNtXptm?
tcmaw ]s shnfbcpXv, ImeImefn apdnv amWw. tjhv
sNpXv apdnhv DmIm\pw AWp_m[ DmIm\pw Imc-W-am-Ipw.

5.

kz]v\ kvJe\w sImv ipw Xopt]mIptam?


CXv sXmb [mcWbmWv. {]mb]qnbmbXn\ptijw ipns
DXv]mZ\w ncamb Hcp {]{InbbmWv.

6.

kz]v\ kvJe\w tZmj-IcamtWm?


kz]v\kvJe\w km[mcWamb am\knI {]Xn`mkhpw ssewKnI
hnNmcnsbpw hnImcfpsSbpw kzm`mhnIamb {]IS\hpamWv.
CXv icocn\v lm\nIca, tcmK-hp-a.

7.

CcI DmIpXv Fs\?


AtmXv]mZ\ kabv CSXphip \ntm heXp hip\ntm
Hcp AamWv km[mcW ]pdv hcpXv . Fm Nne
k`fn cv Aw Amibn \np ]pdpw.
Chbn _oPke\w \SpIbmsWn CcIfpmIpp. _oP
ke\n\ptijw DmIp Ans hn`P\nepmhp
]mIngI sImpw Hn-e-[nIw Ipn-I DmImdpv.

8.

kl]mTnIfpsS ks Fs\ XSbmw?


\nv CjvSanmImcyw sNm \n_npIbmsWn
"]n' Fv kuayXtbmsS Fm hyambn ]dbpI. Fsnepw
[kSns]SpIbmsWn amXm]nXmtfmtSm, A[ym-]tcmtSm av apXnhtcmtSm A`n{]mbw tXSm am\knIambn
XmdmbncnWw. (Module part I se 'No.' Fv ]d-bp ]e-hn-[-
d^ sNp-I.)

9.

km\ndn ]mUns D]tbmKw


km\ndn ]mUv Asn km\ndn \m]vIn FXv ]nbn
\nnXpw Bh thfbn {ZmhImwiw BKncWw sNphm
kv{XoI D]tbmKnpXpamWv. chpw apw hensSpv hkv{Xw
hrnbmbn kqnphm CXneqsS Ignbpp. CSbvnSv amn

79

ipNnXzw ]menWw. ipamb tIm D]tbmKnp ]mUpI


am{Xta D]tbmKnmhq.

10. Fs\bmWv ]mUv XmdmpXv?


ipamb tImXpWnI \mbn IgpIn shbnepWn th
Afhn apdnv CkvXncnbnp kqnv D]tbmKnWw. Htc ]mUv
IqSpX kabw D]tbmKnpXp \. IqSpX c{kmhap
kabfn \mep aWnq Ignbptm ]mUv amWw. km[mcW
coXnbn sNdnb c{kmhw am{XaptmgmsWnepw 4 apX- 6
aWnqdne[nIw Htc ]mUv D]tbmKnpXv DNnXa.

11. Bhn hyXnbm\ hm FpsNWw?


{Ianep Bhn\v hyXnbm\w kw`hnm AXv
{inpIbpw NnIn Bhiysan \SpIbpw thWw. Bh
hyXnbm\w Nnetm tcmK eWamImw. AXn\m tcmKw
IrXyambn Isn thWw NnInnm.

12. {]P\\mtcmKyw F ]Zw CubnsS am[yafn ImWpp


FmWv CXns Aw?
{]P\\mtcmKyw Fm {]XypXv]mZt\{nb hyqls kw_n
kqamb imcocnIam\knIkmaqlnI kpnXn FmWv,
AmsX shdpw tcmKnstbm sshIeynstbm A`mhw am{Xa.
{]P\\mtcmKyns \nmbI LSI {]P\\mtcmKyw
\ne\nm\p Aht_m[w, Daamb BtcmKyw, kv{Xo]pcpj
kaXzw, kmaqlnI kmnI hnIk\w, KpWtabp
BtcmKykwcWw FnhbmWv.

ta]-d--hp ]pdta hyXykvX Xe-n-ep ap tNmZy-fpw tNmZys-n-bn {]Xo-n-mw. Acw tNmZy-v Dcw ]d-bm {]bmk-am-sW-n tUmIvS-dp-tStbm hnZ-KvZ-cp-tSmtbm klmbw tXtS-Xm-Wv.

80

`mKw

RTI, STI, HIV, AIDS

(4 hrs)

skj: 1 ssewKnI tcmK-, AWp-_m-[-I


(1 aWn-q)
{]h\w 1 (45 an\n-v)
RTI (Reproductive Tract Infections).........................................
STI (Sexual Transmitted Diseases) ..........................................
{][m\ ssewKn-I-tcm-K-fpw e-W-fpw...................
STI e-W- kv{Xo]p-cp-j-mcn.....................................
tcmK-\nbw NnIn-m-coXn ..................................................
{]h\w 2 (15 an\n-v)
kwi-b-\n-hm-cWw......................................................................................
skj: 2 HIV (Human Immuno Efficiency Virus)
(1 12 aWn-q)
{]h\w 3 (1 aWn-q)
HIV bpsS Dhw......................................................................................
cq]-L-S\ ...........................................................................................................
HIV bpsS amK-............................................................................
{]h\w 4 ( 12 aWn-q)
]I-cp am- ................................................................................
]I-cm {]hr-n-I ......................................................................
skj: 3 AIDS (Acquired Immuno Efficiency Syndrom)
(1 12 aWn-q)
{]h\w 5 (30 an\nv)
HIV AWp_m[ AIDS Bbn amdp hnhn[ L-
{]h\w 6 (30 an\nv)
{][m\ ]cn-tim-[-\-I tcmK-\nbw......................
NnIn-m-amK-..................................................................................
apI-cp-X-ep-I .......................................................................................

81

skj 1
ssewKnI tcmK-, AWp-_m-[
kabw: 1aWnq

Dt-iy-
ssewKnI tcmK--sfbpw Ah-bpsS {]Xn-tcm[ \nhm-cW amK-sfbpw ]n kmam-\y-amb Adnhp e`n-p--Xn\v.

]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
Nmv
kwi-b- Fgp-Xp--Xn-\p t]-dp-I
Iznkv- tNmZym-h-en-bp-sSbpw D-c--fp-sSbpw ImUp-I
tNmZy-sn

ssewKnI tcmK-s
- f-n RP Hcp BapJ {]`m-jWw \S-p-p.
No Iqp-sI-p-Ifpw sXn-m-c-W-Ifpw Aan-Xm-th-i-hp-sams ]etmgpw \psS Pohn-X-tmSp hne-t]-im-dp-v. Acp-Xm-bva-Isf Ah-K-Wnp kmlkw ]e-tmgpw Xncp-m-\m-hm A_---fn \s sImp
sNs-n-p-p. Ah-bpsS Ibv]p\ocp IpSn-m-\m-hmsX B-lXy
sNbvX-h-sc{X? Fp-X-s-bm-bmepw PohnXw \in-np -I-f-bm-\pX.
icn-bmb Adnhpw B-hn-izm-k-hp-amWv \ap-m-h-iyw. ssewKnI tcmK-sf--n-bp Adnhv C-c-n Pohn-X-n shfnw hoip Hm-Wv.
ssewKn-I-tcm-K-sf kw_-nv \-fn `qcn-`m-Khpw Atcm Aev]tcm BWv. \mW-t-SmWv Chn-Ss {][m\ {]iv\w.

kwkvIm-c
- n-epw kZm-Nm-c
- n-epw ASn-bp-d amK- D]tbm-Kn-p-sImpXs \apv Cu hnj-bs Kuc-h]
- qw
t\cn-tS-X
- p-v.

{]h\w 1
RP Xmsg ]d-bp tNmZy- tNmZn-p-p.
FmWv ssewKnI tcmK-?
Ah Fs\ ]I-cpp?

82

{][m-\-s ssewKnI tcmK- GsXms?


Ah-bpsS e-W- Fsms?
Ah NnIn-np t`Z-am-m-\m-hptam?
Cs\ \nc-h[n kwi-b- \np-v. \n-fpsS kwi-b-\n-hmc-W-n\p klm-bn-p hnh-cWw \Imw. IpnIsf Av t] hoXap {Kqp-I-fm-p-p. B.-]n. hni-Zo-I-cn-t `mKw ]Iv FSpv {KqpIv \Ip-p. hmbnv Ipn-Ip-m-hp kwi-b-fpw tNmZy-fpw
tNmZy-s-n-bn-en-Sm Bh-iy-s-Sp-p. Fgp-Xm \nv t] Xcp-p.
\n-fpsS t]cv shfn-s-Sp-t Bh-iy-an-. kwi-b- AXn Fgp-Xnbn-Sp-I. RP Fgp-Xm-\-\p-h-Zn-p-p. XpSv ssewKnI _--fn-eqsS ]Icp tcmK--sfbpw AWp-_m-[-tbbpw ]n kwn-]vX-amb Hcp hnh-cWw
\Ipp.

R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
RTI Fpw STI Fpw Npcp--t-cn-e-dn-b-s-Sp cp-Xcw AWp-_m[-I-fp-v. Ch aqe-ap-m-Ip ssewKnI tcmK- Hcm-fpsS {]P-\-\m-tcmKyw \jvS-s-Sp-p-p. Hmtcmpw \apv kwn-]vX-ambn a\-kn-em-m
{ian-mw.

{]P-\-\-hy-h--bnse AWp-_m-[- (RTI)


kv{XoI-fn-sebpw ]pcp-j
- m-cn-sebpw {]P-\\
- h
- y-h
I
- f
- n Dm-hp
- AWp-_m-[b
- m-Wn-Xv. Cwo-jn Reproductive Tract Infections Fv CX-dn-bs
Sp-p. _mIvSo-cn-b, sshdkv, t{]mtm-tkmh XpS-nb-hb
- mWv CXns tcmKImcnI. RTI ssewKnI _-n-eqsSbms-Xbpw Dm-Imw.

ssewKn-I-_--n-eqsS ]I-cp AWp-_m-[- (STI)


kv{Xo ]pcp-j-m-cn hnhn-[-X-c-n-ep ssewKnI _-n-eqsS
]I-cp AWp-_m-[-bm-Wn-Xv. Sexually Transmitted Infections FmWv CXns
]qW-cq-]w. ssewKn-Im-h-b-h-sfbpw XpSv ico-c-sbpw _m[nv tISp]m-Sp-mp AWp-_m-[-bm-Wn-Xv.
{][m\ ssewKnI tcmK- GsX-m-am-sWpw Ah-bpsS e-W Fsm-s-bm-sWpw RP hy-am-p-p.

kn^n-enkv
{Sntm- W na ]menUw (Treponema pallidum) F tcmKm- W p- h ns
{]h\ ^e-amWv Cu tcmKw. ssewKnI _-n-\p-tijw aqm-gvN-

83

bvp-n tcmKn-bpsS P\-t\-{nb `mKv thZ-\-bn-m hSp-tfm XSnp-Itfm In-p-Itfm Dm-Ip--XmWv {][m\ e-Ww. \mUo kw_-amb XI-cm-dp-I-fn-tetm, ]m-Lm-X-n-tetm Nne-tm lrt{Zm-K-ntetm CXv tcmKnsb Fn-pw. CXp _m[n kv{XoIv K`-n{Z
km[yX hfsc IqSp-X-em-bn-cn-pw. \h-Pm-X-in-ip-hn\pw CXv Kpcp-X-c-amb
{]iv\- krjvSn-pw.

sKmtWm-dnb
ss\ko-dnb sKmtWm-dnsb (Neiseria gonorrhoea) F tcmKm-Wp-aqew
Dm-Ip tcmK-am-Wn-Xv. CXv {]P-\-\-hy-h--tbbpw ]pdta aq{X-\m-fn-tbbp-amWv _m[n-p--Xv. Cu tcmKw aqew hy-X-hsc kw`-hn-mw. ZpK-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]gpv aq{X-\m-fn-bn-eqsS ]pd-p-h-cn-Ibpw aq{X-hn-k\-ns ka-bv AXoh thZ\ A\p-`-h-s-Sp-I-bp-amWv km[m-cW Iph-cp e-W-.

man-Unb
man-Unb s{Stm-am-nkv (Chlamydia trachomatis) F tcmKmWp aqeap-m-Ip AWp-_m-[-bm-Wn-Xv. sKmtWm-dnbtbmSv kmay-ap Hcp tcmKamWv man-Un-b. hrj-W-pff how, aq{X-sam-gn-p-tm ITn\ -thZ-\, ae-n-eqsS cw t]mv Ch-sbms CXns e-W--fm-Wv.

P\n- sl]nkv
sl]nkv knwIvkv (Herpes simplex) F sshd-kns ^e-amWv Cu
Akp-Jw. kpc-n-X-a-m ssewKn-I-_--n\p tijw GXm\pw BgvNbvp-n kqva-amb Ipcp- Dm-Ip-Ibpw XpSv Ah s]mn th-Z-\bp {hW--fm-hp-Ibpw sNp-p. K`--in-ip-hn\v AWp-_m-[-bp-mp Hcp tcmK-ambn CXp hf-cmw.

ss{Stm-tam-Wn-bm-knkv
ss{Stm-tam-Wmkv hssP-\-enkv (Trichomonas vaginalis) F tcmKmWp-hns _m[-bmWv Cu Akp-J-n\p Imc-Ww. aq{X-\m-fn-bn \npw
tbm\n-bn \npw abpw ]bpw \nd-n-ep {khw, tbm\n `mKv
sNmdnn, AanXthZ\ Fn-h-bmWv CXns {][m\ e-W-.

ImUn-Un-bm-knkv
ImUnUm A_n-mkv (Candida albicans) F ]q-en-eqsS Cu
tcmK-ap-m-hp-p. {]mcw` L-n tcmK e-W- {]I-S-a-. Iptd

84

\mfp-Ip-tijw ssXcn-t\mSp kmay-ap (curd like) tbm\o {khw, sNmdnn Ch Dm-Ip-p.

_mIvSo-cn-b hPn-t\m-knkv
CXv tbm\n-bnse emIvtSm-_m-kn-e-kns (Lactobacillus) km{X Ipdbp-tm Dm-Ip Hcp AWp-_m-[-bm-Wv. ZpK--tm-Sp-Iq-Snb tbm\o{khw CXns Hcp e-W-am-Wv.

jmt{ImbnUv
CXn\p ImcWw lotam-^n-ekv Uqt{I-bo (Haemophilus ducrei) F
tcmKm-Wp-hm-Wv. kpc-n-X-a-m ssewKnI _-n\p tijw P\-t\{n-b-n {hW--fpmhp-p. ]ns thZ-\bpw Ig-e-ho-hpw {]Xy-s-Sp-p.
Ch IqSmsX a-n-
- ns AWp-_m[ (Hepatitis -B), P\-t\-{nbnse
Acn-md (Genital warts), sh-t]mv apX-em-bh
- bpw {][m\ ssewKnI tcmK-fmbn Ip-hc
- p-p. Fm CXnsemap-]cn temI-n\p `oj-Wn-bp-bp, Hcp ssewKnI tcmK-amWv AIDS. AXn-s\-n ]noSv hni-Za
- mbn {]Xn-]mZnmw.
STI bpsS e-W- kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m-cn Fs\ ImW-s-Sp-p-shv
hy-am-p Hcp Nmv RP {]Zin-n-p-p.

kv{XoI-fn
$ P\-t\-{n-b-n \nv \nd-hy-Xym-k-ap {khtam ZpK-tam DmIpp.
$ CSpp `mK-p-m-Ip thZ\
$ P\-t\-{n-b-n\p Nppw thZ-\tbm \otem Dm-Ip-p.
$ {Iaw-sX-n-bp Bhw
$ ssewKnI _-n-tes-Sp t\c-p-am{Xw P\-t\-{n-b-ntem,
ASn-h-b-ntem Dm-Ip thZ\

]pcp-j-m-cn
$ aq{X-\m-fn-bn \nv ]gpv hcnI

cp-Iq-pw
$
$
$
$

ssewKn-Im-h-b-h--fnse {hW, In-v, Ipcp-


aq{X-sam-gn-p-tm thZ-\bpw \oepw
CS-bvn-Sv aq{X-sam-gn-m-\p tXm
ssewKnImh-b-h-p Nppw hohpw apg-Ifpw

85

tcmK-\n-bhpw NnIn-bpw
hnhn-[-Xcw et_m-d-dn sSp-I-fn-eq-sSbpw sshZy-]-cn-tim-[-\-I-fn-eqsSbpw Chsb Is-m\pw an-hmdpw NnIn-np t`Z-s-Sp-p-hm\pw
Ign-bpw. Hcn- NnIn-np amnb Hcp tcmKw ]no-sSm-cn-epw _m[nn F [mc-W-b-cp-Xv. e ImcWw ]ecpw NnIn-bvp aSn-p-p.
CXv A]-I-S-I-c-am-Wv. XpSw apX NnIn-n-n-s-n BZy L--fnse
e-W- A{]-Xy--am-hp-Ibpw ko-amb ]e {]iv\-fpw DS-se-Spp-Ibpw sNpw. XpSv CXv ssewKn-Im-h-b-h--sfbpw {]P-\\ hyh-sbbpw, ico-cs apgp-h-\mbpw XI-cm-dn-em-p-p. NnIn--bmWv {][m-\w.
Bimky-a-m ssewKnI_--fn \nv Hgnp amtd--Xns
Bh-iy-IX CXn \nv a\-n-em-mw.
aqey-fnepw kZm-Nmc hnizm-k--fnepw ASn-bp-d PohnX ssien
Ccw tcmK-sf XS-bp--Xn hln-p ]v FSppImpwhn[-ambn-cn-Ww Cu `mKw t{ImUo-I-cn-t--Xv.

{]h\w 2
RP Hcp {]h\w \Ip-p.
STI sbp-dn-p Adnhp ]cn-tim-[n-p--Xn\v DNn-X-amb
]{v tNmZy-fpw Ah-bpsS D-c--fpw, {]tXyIw \-dnv
cv jop-I-fn-embn F-gp-Xn-bXv AwK-v hnX-cWw sNp-p.
tNmZyw Hcm-fpsS Inepw Dcw asm-cm-fpsS In-ep-am-h-Ww.
]noSv \-dn-eqsS thWw Ch Xncn--dn-tb--Xv. tNmZyw hmbnp-p. mkv Nbvv tijw icn-bp-c hmbn-p-p.
]cn-io-e-\-n-\m-h-iy-amb tNmZy-
1.
Fm STI Itfbpw Ffp--n NnIn-np amm-\m-hptam?

86

2.

Hcp STI NnIn-np amnb tijw hopw B STI hcm km[y-Xb


- ptm?

3.

Iptd \m Nn-In-n-msX Imn-cp-m STI tcmK-e--W- CmXm-Iptam?

4.

Fm STI Itfbpw kpJ-s-Sp-m-\m-hptam?

5.

kv{XoIsf At]-nv ]pcp-j-mcn Ffp--n STI Is-m-\mhptam?

6.

ssewKnI _-n-eqsS am{X-amtWm RTI ]nSns]SpXv?

7.

kv{XoI-fn STI ]nSn-s]-mepw Adn-bm-Xn-cn-m-\p km[yX Dtm?

8.

STI ]I-cp--Xn\v D-c-hm-Zn-I kv{XoI-fmtWm?

9.

Pohn-X-ssi-en-sImv STI XS-bm Ign-bptam?


Ah-bpsS D-c
-
1.

C. Nne STI I DZm : sKmtW-dn-b, kn^n-enkv Fnh IrXy-ambn


NnIn \S-n-bm amm Ignbpw. Fm Nne STI I DZm HIV,
sl-n-nkv _n XpS-nbh NnIn-nv amm Ign-bn-. Fm
hmIvkn-t\-j hgn sl-n-nkv_n sb {]Xn-tcm-[n-m Ign-bpw.

2.

Dv. STI NnIn--I, tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm[h-cW coXn-bn-e AXpsImv hopw hcm km[y-X-bp-v.

3.

Dv tcmK-e--W- Cm-sX-bmIpw ]s tcmKw amdn Fv ]dbm Ign-bn tcmKw Dn-tev hym]nv hy-X, K`-a-e-k XpSn-b-hbvv Imc-W-am-tb-pw.

4.

C. HIV, sl-n-nkv _n, P\n- slnkv Fnh NnIn-nv


amm I-gn-bn-. hmIvkn-t\-j hgn sl-n-nkv _n sb {]Xn-tcm[n-m Ign-bpw.

5.

Ign-bpw. Nne Akp-J- DZm: man-Unb. kv{XoI-fn ImW-s-Sp


e-W- Hpw Xs Dm-Ip-n-. AXp-sImv kv{XoIv
CSbvv sshZy-]-cn-tim-[\ \S-p-Xv \-Xm-Wv.

6.

A. RTI I _-s-Sm-sXbpw hcmw. kv{XoI-fnepw s]Ip-n-Ifnepw RTI hcp-Xv km[m-c-W-bmbn ssewKnI _w CmsX XsbmWv.

7.

icn-bm-Wv. Nne tcmK- kv{XoI-fn ImW-s-Sp e-W


- Hpw
Xs Dm-p-n-.

8.

A, ]pcp-j-mpw, kv{XoIpw Xpey-]-m-Wv.

9.

km-\n-jvT-amb Pohn-X-ssi-en-bmWv STI sb XS-bm-\p Ghpw Da-amb amw

XpSv RP tNmZy-sn s]mn-p-p. kwi-b-\n-hm-cWw \S-p-p.


as-s-nepw {]k--amb kwi-b- mkn Dbp hcp-p-s-n
AXn\pw adp-]Sn \Imw.

87

R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h/ t{ImUo-I-cn-t-h


ssewKnI _--fn-tes-Sm-sXbpw A]q-ambn ssewKnI tcmK-fp-m-hmw.
DZm : kn^n-en-kv, sl-ss-n-kvB, HIV
kzh-cXn ssewKnI tcmK-p Imc-W-am-Imw.
sh-t]mv NnIn-np ammw
enwK-n hcp shfp--]mSv ssewKn-I-tcm-K-am-IWsa-n-. AXv
]q AWp-_m-[-sImv hcp--Xp-am-Imw.
s]mXp-I-qkv D]-tbm-Kn-p--Xp-sImv ssewKnI tcmK- ]I-cn. Fm ssewKnImh-b-h--fn apdn-hp-s-n kqn--Ww.
skj kw_-n-p hkvXp-X-I t{ImUo-I-cn-p-sImv RP mkv
Ah-km-\n-n-p-p.

Ipdnv: STI bpsS eWw kzbw Isn kwibw {]I-Sn-np Ipn-Isf tUmIvSsd ImWm t{]mm-ln-n--Ww.
tUmIvS-tdmSv tcmK-e--W- Xpdp ]d-bm\pw aSn-bn-msX
sshZy-]-cn-tim-[-\bvv hnt[-b-am-Im\pw Bh-iy-s-S-Ww.

88

skj 2
HIV
kabw: 1 12 aWnq

Dt-iy-
HIV sbn Adnhv e`n-p--Xn\v

]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
Nmv
Nn{X-
tNmZy-sn

{]h\w 3
tcmK-{]Xn-tcm[tijnsb kw_-n-p Nne tNmZy-
RP tNmZn-p-p.
\psS ico-c-n\v tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm-[-ti-jn-bp-m-p-Xv
GXv c tImi--fmWv?
\mw {]Xn-tcm[ Ipn-h-bv]p-I FSp-p-Xv Fn-\pthn?
Fm tcmK-pw {]Xn-tcm[ acp-p-I-fptm?
FbvUvkv F tcmK-n\p Imc-W-amb AWp GXmWvv?
sNdp--m-cpw, HIV/AIDS Dw Xn _-sav?
AIDS Hcp STI BtWm?
HIV _m[bpw FbnUvkpw Xn hyXym-k-sav?
s]mXp-N-bn-eqsS D-c- Is-p-p. Ipn-Isf 4 {Kqp-I-fmbn
Xncn-p-p. Hmtcm {Kqn\pw Hmtcm tNmZy- \Ip-p.
{Kqv 1
2
3
4

HIV bpsS LS-\bpw {]tXy-I-Xbpw


HIV a\pjy ico-c-n Fs\ {]hn-p-p?
HIV ]I-cp amK-- Gh?
HIV ]I-cm {]hr-n-I Fsms?

89

Dcw Is-m {Kqp-Iv kabw \IWw. d^-dkn-\mbn


tamUyq-fnse {]k t]Pp-I-fpsS tImnbpw ap eLp-te-J-Ifpw \IWw. Ipn-I-fpsS Ah-X-c-W-n\p tijw Bh-iy-ap `mK- B.]n
Iqn-t-Ww. Nn{X--fpsS klm-bhpw tXSmw.
HIV sb-n RP Nne kq-N-\I \Ip-p. FbvUvkv F tcmK-n\p
Imc-W-amb Cu sshdkv a\p-jy-i-co-c-nse {]Xn-tcm[ kwhn-[m-\s
Cm-Xm-Ip--Xp-sImv Human Immunodeficiency Virus F t]cn-emWv Adnb-s-Sp--Xv. BZys tcmKm-Wp-_m[ 1981 Ata-cn--bnse temkm--ekn-emWv Is-n-b-Xv. 1983 {^v imkv{X--\mb tUm. eqv sam
Sbv\dpw Ata-cn- imkv{X\mb tUm. tdm_v Kmtebpw GXmv
Htc ka-bv Xs tcmK-Im-cnbmb Cu sshd-kns\ thXn-cn--dnp.
dnt{Sm-ssh-dkv F hn`m-K-n-emWv Cu sshdkv s]Sp--Xv.

HIV bpsS cq]-L-S\ RP {]Zin-n-p-p. RP bpsS hni-Zo-I-c-Ww.

90

HIV cp-X-c-ap-v. HIV -1 Dw HIV-2 Dw. Ch cpw dnt{Sm-ssh-dkv IpSpw_-ns-Sp--h-bm-Wv. Ch P\n-XI]c-ambn hyXym-k-s-n-cn-p-p.
Fnepw cpw Hcp-t]mse AIDS tcmK-n\v Imc-W-am-Ip--h-bm-Wv. 1983
{^mkn-emWv HIV-1 s\ BZyw Is-n-b-Xv. bqtdm-nepw Ata-cn--bnepw
AIDS tcmK-n\p Imc-W-am-bn-p-Xv Cu sshd-km-Wv. 1986 B{^n-bnse tcmKn-I-fn HIV-2 s\ Is-n. B{^n--bnepw Gjy-bnepw AIDS \v
Imc-W-am-bn-p-Xv HIV-2 BsWv Is-n. 1986 emWv HIV Cy-bn
{]th-in--Xmbn {i-bns--Xv. Cy-bn Cu cp hn`mKw sshd-kpap-v. Zn\w {]Xn 14,000 \pw 16,000 \pw CSbn HIV _m[n-X-cp-m-Ipp Fv
IW-m--s-Sp-p.
HIV a\p-jy-i-co-c-n {]hn-p--sX--s\-sbv RP hni-Zo-I-cnpp.

ico-c-nse shfp c-tIm-i--fm-Wtm tcmKm-Wp-hn-s\-Xnsc


{]hn-p--Xv. Ch-sb-bmWv HIV B{I-an-p--Xv.
RP tizX- c - m- W p- h ns
Nn{Xw {]Zin-n-p-p.

tizX cmWp--tfmSpw
({][m-\-ambpw CD4 enwt^m-sskvkv) Nne \mUo-tIm-i--tfmSpw
Cu sshd-kn\v IqSp-X Xmev]cy-ap-v. Cu tImi-v CD4
dnk-]vtgvkv F t]cn Cu
sshd-kns\ BIjnv A\mbmkw IS-n-hn-Sp kzoI-cW
e--fp-v. sshdkv Ccw
tImi--fn IS-p-IqSn s]cpIn ap CD4 tImi--fn AWp-_m-[-bp-mpp.
HIV bvv FXn-scbpw icocw {]Xn-hkvXp (Antibody) Dm-p-p-v.
km[m-cW sshd-kp-Ifpw _mIvSo-cn-b-Ifpw Ah-bvs-Xn-cm-bp {]Xn-h-kvXpsImv \in-pw. Fm HIV Cs\ \in-n-. {]Xn-hkvXp {]hnm XpS-p-tm-tgpw HIV AXns _mly-L-S-\-bn amw hcp-n-smn-cn-pw. icocw BZy \nn {]Xn-hkvXp AtXmsS D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-amIpw. icocw ]pXnb {]Xn-hkvXp Dm-p-tm-tgpw HIV bpsS _mly-L-S\
(antigenic structure) hopw amdn-bn-cn-pw. Cu {]{Inb Cs\ XpSp-sIm-

91

n-cn-pw. Atm-tgpw HIV bpsS Fw {Iam-Xo-X-ambn hn--p-Ibpw


AXv shfp c-tIm-i-sf \in-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Cs\ {ItaW
ico-c-ns {]Xn-tcm-[-tijn \jvS-sv icocw AIDS \v ASn-a-bm-Ip-p.
Nn{Xns klm-b-m RP CXv hni-Zo-I-cn-p-p.

]q

kv

_mIvS
o-cnb

sshdk

]q

sshd

vSo-cnb
_mI

HIV ]I-cp am-


kpcn-X-a-m ssewKnI _w:
HIV AWp _m[n Hcm- f psS
ssewKnI -{k-h asm-cm-fpsS ico-cn {]th-in-m AWp-_m-[-bp-mIpw. CXv A[n- I hpw ]I- c p- Xv
ssewKnI _-n-eq-sS-bmWv.

tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm-[tijnbp Btcm-Ky-hm

Fv.-sF.-hn. AWp _m[nv


tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm-[-tijn \jvSs--bm

cw hgn-bp HIV AWp_m[:


HIV AWp-_m-[-bp Hcm-fns cw kzoI-cn-pXv hgn. AWp-hnap--am-m kndn-p-I, \oUn-epI-I hgnbpw kzoIm-hn\v HIV
AWp-_m-[-bp-mhpw.

92

Abn \nv Ipn-tebvv:


AWp-_m-[-bp Abvv P\n-p inip-hn\pw AWp-_m-[-bp-mhm km[y-X-bp-v. ape-bq-n-eq-sSbpw HIV, \h-PmX inip-hn ht-mw.
HIV ]I-cp am--sf-p-dn-p Nn{X- RP {]Zin-n-p-p.
HIV ]I-cm {]hr-n-I Fs-m-sav RP hni-Zo-I-cn-p-p.

lkvX-Zm\w
Hcp-anv bm{X-sN-
Npa, Xp
Benw-K\w
kznnwKv ]q, sSen-t^m, Iqkv s]mXp-hmbn D]tbm-Kn-
Iv, ]m{Xw, InS--hn-cn, DSp-hkv{Xw apX-em-bh ]p-h-p-]-tbm-Kn-
Hnv Htc ]m{X-n Blmcw Ign-
sImXp-Iv, aq apX-emb {]mWn-I-fpsS ISn-tb-evp--Xn-eqsS
HIV _m[n Ipns\ emfn-pI; Npw_n-pI
Htc mkv apdn-bn-en-cpp ]Tn-pI
]Wn-bm-bp-[-tfm b{-km-a-{Kn-Itfm D]-tbm-Kn-
HIV _m[n hynv c-Zm\w sNp--XneqsS
ta-d Imcy--fn-eqsS HIV ]I-cp-n-. ImcWw hnbv, Io,
Dan-\o, aqn \np {kh-, Nn, I^w, aew, aq{Xw Fn-h-bneqsS
HIV ]I-cpn. cw -Zm\w sNp-tm asm-cm-fpsS cw Hcn-epw cw
Zm\w sNpbmfpsS ico-c-n Ib-dp-n-. kzta-[-bm-bp c-Zm\w
t{]mm-ln-n--Ww.

{]h\w 4
RP mkn Hcp {]h-\w \Ip-p.
shn-sb-Sp- hnhn[ Nn{X- ]embn \Ip-p. CXn
HIV ]I-cp--Xn\v km[y-X-bp Nn{X--tfXv? ]I-cp--Xn\v
Hcp km[y-X-bp-an-m Nn{X--tfXv Fv \n-bnv Htc
kz`mhw ]pep Nn{X--fpsS ASn-m-\-n {Kqp-I-fmhp-I. Fp-sImv Fv Hmtcm-cp-cpw Nn{Xns ASnm-\-n hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I.

93

Ip-\o-cn-eqsS

10

11

12

Nn-bn-eqsS

13

14

Htc InS--I
D]-tbm-Kn-pI

16

lkvX-Zm\w

17

Benw- K \w

94

15

A-bn \nv
Ipn-tev

s]mXp Iqkv D]-tbm-Kn-pI

18

Blmcw ]p-sh-bvp--Xn-eqsS

19

20

kndnv
]p-sh-p-Xn-eqsS

c- Z m\w

RP, {Kqv ]d-bp-Xv icntbm Fv hne-bn-cp-p-p. XpSv RP tNmZysn s]mn-p-p. mkn Dbp-h-cp kwi-b- Zqco-I-cn-p-p.

R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
HIV, ape-bq-en-eqsS ]I-cp-s
- X-s
- \-sbp t\mmw. Bam-ib
-
- nse
sslt{Um-tm-dnIv Bkn-Uns kmnyw DZ-c--Ip-S `mK--fn-eqsS
HIV {]th-i\w XS-bp-p. Fm \h-PmX inip-v Bam-i-bn BZys amkw sslt{Um-tm-dnIv BknUv DXv]m-Z\w Ipdhm-bn-cnpw AXn-\m HIV _m[n-mw.
Npw_-\-n-eqsS HIV ]I-cptam? C. apdn-hp-m-m-Xn-cp-m aXn.
tjhnwKv tUp-I ]p-h-m? tjhv sNp-tm Dm-Ip apdnhp-I-fn \nv cw tUn ]n-n-Sn-mw. B cw DW-p-Itbm
Aev]-k-abw hmbp-hn Xpd-n-cn-p-Itbm sNbvXm HIV bvv AXn
\ne-\n-evm-\m-hn-. Fm Hp cv skp-Ipn tUv
ssIamw sNbvXv tjhnwKv \S-p-p-sh-n HIV ]nSn-Iq-Sm sNdnb
km[y-X-bp-v. ]t C-c-n-ep AWp-hym-]\w \S--Xmbn
temI-n Hcn-Sp \npw CXp-hsc dntmp sN-s-n-n-.
]-Ip-n-eq-sSbpw ImXpIpn-eq-sSbpw aqp-Ip-n-eq-sSbpw HIV ]Icm km[y-X-bp-s-nepw kqNn AWp-hn-ap--am-n-bnv D]-tbm-Knp-I-bm-sW-n ]q kpc-n-Xw.
sImXp-ISnbn-eqsS HIV ]I-cn-. sImXpIv Hcmsf ISnp Ign-m
BZyw AXns Dan-\o Abm-fpsS ico-c-n Ipn-h-bvpw. AXn\p
tij- a mWv cw Dun- p- S n- p- h m Bcw- ` n- p- Xv . HIV bv v
sImXpIns Dan-\o {Kn-bn s]cp-Im km[y-a
- . AXn-\m sImXpIp-I-Sn-bn-eqsS HIV ]I-cn-.
HIV aq{X-n-eq-sSbpw ae-n-eq-sSbpw ]I-cn-.
kzh-cXn HIV bntep \bnpw

95

]c-kv]c kvt\l-nepw hnizm-k


- nepw ASn-m\amnbp `mhn IpSpw-_P
- o-hn-Xw, hnhm-l]
- q _-f- n \np
hnp \nev, aqey-f- n-e[
- n-jvTn-Xa- mb Hcp Pohn-Xs
- sien Fn-hbmWv Cu sshd-kns\ sNdp-m-\p Ghpw anI amw
F hn[-n t{ImUo-Ic
- n-p-sIm-v RP skj Ah-km-\nn-p-p.

96

skj 3
FbvUvkv (AIDS)
kabw: 1 12 aWnq

Dt-iy-
FbnUvkv tcmKw Fsp a\-n-em-m\pw thp apIcp-X-ep-I-sf-Sp-m\pw Ipn-Iv icn-bmb amK-\ntZiw
\Im-\pw.

]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
Nmv

Iznkv

tNmtZym--c--n-I,

t]

hnhn[ Nn- tcJ-s-Sp-nb ImUp-I,

{]h\w 5
FbvUvkv F tcmK-s-n B.]
- n. kwkm-cn-p-p.
Cv temI-ns t]Sn-kz-]v\-amWv FbvUvkv "BPnX tcmK-{]-Xntcm-[- tim-jW tcmKkap-bw (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) FXm-Wv FbvUvkv F Npcp--t-cmbn amdn-b-Xv. Cu tcmKs-p-dnv
am[ya hgnbpw apw \nv Nne [mc-W-I Dm-bn-p-v. [mc-WI-fpsS ASnm\-n mkv Av {Kqp-I-fmbn Xncnv AXns hkvXpX-I ]p-hv "FbvUvkv tcmKn-IfpsS PohnXw' F hnj-b-n Hmtcm
{Kqpw Hcp ]pdw hen--ap Ipdn-p-I-sf-gp-Xp-I. mkn Ah--X-cn-n-p-I.
B.-]n. Ipdn-s-gp-Xm A\p-h-Zn-p-p. d^-dkv tamUyq-fnse _s `mK-, eLp-te-J-I
{Kqp-I-fpsS Ah-X-cWw
B.-]n.-bpsS t{ImUo-I-cWw

97

\ ]p-sh hkvXp-X-I hfsc hne--s--h-bm-Wv. Fnepw FbvUvkn-s\-n hy-amb [mcW-I Dm-Im \apv Nne Imcy- IqSn
a\-n-em-t--Xp-v.

R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
Fv.-sF.-hn. _m[ FbvUvkv Bbn amdp--sX--s\-sbp t\mmw.
GsX-nepw hn[-n Fv.-sF.-hn. a\p-jy-i-co-c-n ISpIqSn-bm DS
FbvUvkv Bbn amdp-n-. tcmK-_m-[-bp-mhm 7 apX 10 hjw hsc
thn ht-mw.
AXp-sIm-p-Xs XpS--n tcmK-\nW-bhpw NnIn-bpw Akm[y-am-Wv. HIV _m[-bp-m-bm AXv kn.Un.4 enwt^m-ssk-nepw \mUo
hyql-nse Nne tImi--fnepw IS-p-p. c-nse enwt^m-ssk-p-IfpsS icn-bmb {]h\w tcmKm-Wp-fn \npw ico-cs kwc-n-m\p tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm-[-hy-h-bvv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. Ccw BXn-tYb
tImi--fn-emWv HIV ]n-n-Snp s]cpIn ico-c-nse {]Xn-tcm-[-hy-h-sb
XInSw adn-p--Xv. HIV {]th-i\w apX tcmK-ambn amdp--Xp-h-sc-bp
Ls \membn Xcw-Xn-cn-mw.

1.

{]mY-anI Lw (Primary infection)

sshdkv a\p-jy-i-co-c-n IS-ti-j-ap BZys aqv BgvN


apX aqv amk-m-e-amWv {]mY-an-I-Lw. CXns\ PmeI thf (Window
period)' Fp ]d-bp-p. Cu ka-bv sshdkv AXn-th-K-n hn`-Pn-ps]-cp-Ip-p. Fm c-]c-- n-tim-[-\-bn-eqsS tcmK-\nWbw \S-m Ignbn-. {]Xn-h-kvXp- (Bn-t_m-Un-I) Ip-]n-Sn-- Af-hn cn Cm kn.Un.4s Iuv km[m-cW \ne-bn XpS-cp--Xp-sImp-amWv c-]-cn-tim-[-\-bn-eqsS tcmK-\nWbw \Sm Ign-bmsX hcp-Xv.

2.

{]mcw-`-{]-Xn-tcm[ timj-W-Lw (Early Immune Deficiency)

Cu L-n {]Xn-tcm[ kwhn-[m-\-ns \nb-{Ww sshdkv IS-pp. tcmK-e--W- Hpw Xs {]I-S-am-Ip-n-. Fm c-n
Bn--t_m-Un-I Is-m Ign-bpw. kn.Un.4s Iuv 500 cells/ml \p
apI-fn Dm-Ipw. 3 apX 5 sImw hsc \op \np Hcp L-amWnXv.

3.

CS-me {]Xn-tcm[ timj-W-Lw (Intermediate Immune Deficiency)

ico-c-n sshd-kpI s]-v s]cpIp-XpsImv kn.Un.4s


Iuv hopw Xmgpp. tcmK-e--W- sNdn-b-tXm-Xn Ip-Xp-S-mw.
cp-ap-X aqv hjw hsc-bmWv Cu Lw.

98

4.

Xo{h {]Xn-tcm[ timj-W-Lw (Advanced Immune Deficiency)

ico-c
- ns {]Xn-tcm-[t- i-jnsb AXn-Po-hnv sshdkv B[n-]Xyw t\Spp. Ah-ktcmNnX tcmK- (Opportunistic infections) _m[n-p-Ibpw tcmKn
hy-amb e-W- {]I-Sn-n-pbpw sNpw. kn.Un 4s Iuv 200
Cells/ ml \p Xmsg-bpam-Ip-p. Bn-t_m-Un-I ImWp-Itbm, ImWm-Xn-cnp-Itbm sNmw. CXv Fbv-Uvkns Ay-L--am-Wv. NnIn-m-\-S-]-Sn-I
Hpw kzoI-cn-n-s-n tcmKn Htm ctm sIm-n-\Iw ac-W-n-tep
t]mIpw.
HIV _m[

\mep-h-gn-I-fn-sem-n-eqsS Fv.-sF.-hn. {]th-inp-p.

hntUm ]ocoUv

3 BgvN aqv -amkmew hsc tcmK-e--W {]I-S-am-In-.

\ni_vZ _m[m-Lw

5-10 hj- tcmK-e--W- sNdn-b-tXmXn {]I-S-am-Ip-p.

FbvUvkv

A\p-_--tcm-K-

FbvUvkv A\p-_
- t- cm-K
- GsX-m-am-sWv B.-]n. hnhcnpp.
FbvUvkv tcmKnsb ac-W-n-tep \bn-p-Xv AXns A\p-_-tcm-K--fm-Wv. tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm-[-in bn-p-I-gn-m ico-c-n GXp
tcmKm-Wp-hn\pw kkpJw hmgmw. As\ \nkmc tcmK t]mepw tcmKnbpsS ac-W-n\v Imc-W-ambn amdm-hp--Xm-Wv. Ccw tcmK-sf A\p-_-tcm-K- Fp ]d-bmw. {im-]qh-amb NnIn--bn-eqsS A\p-_-tcm-K-sf amm Ign-bpw. bw, \yqtam-kn-n-kv \yptam-Wnb Fn-hbmWv {][m\ A\p-_ tcmK-. IqSmsX hb--dn-fw, AIm-c-W-amb
]\n, hmbnse ]pp-I, apg-I XpS-n-b-hbpw Ip-h-cp-p.
FbvUvkv tcmK-e--W- Fsm-s-bm-sWv B.-]n. hy-amp-p.
ap Imc-W- IqSmsX icocw {Iam-Xo-X-ambn timjn-p-Ibpw `mcw
Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNp-p.
hmbn sh--\n-d-n-ep ]q {]Xy--am-Ip-p.
Hcp amk-n IqSp-X \op-\np XpS-bmbtXm CS--hn-ptXm Bb ]\n, hb-dn-f-w.
hnp-am-dm Npa

99

sXmen-p-d-p-m-Ip Nne {]tXy-I-Xcw Iymkdpw sl]nkv AWp_m-[-bpw.


ico-c-ns ]e `mK--fn av Imc-W- IqSmsX aqp-am-k-n
IqSp-X \op \np Ig-e-ho-w.
Ch-bn H-tm, AXn-e-[n-Itam tcmKn {]I-Sn-n-mw.
Hcm Fv.-sF.-hn. _m[n-X-\mtWm Fp Is-p Nne ]cn-tim[-\-I-sf-n B.-]n. kwkm-cn-p-p.
Fv.-sF.-hn. _m[n Hcm-fpsS c-n AXns\ {]Xn-tcm-[n-p-Xn\v icocw DXv]m-Zn-n {]Xn-h-kvXp- Dm-hp-a-tm. Ch-bpsS ASn-m\-n-emWv tcmK-\nWbw \S-p--Xv. Fen-k (ELISA) F c]cn-tim-[\bmWvv kh-km-[m-c-W-ambn Fv.-sF.-hn. \nW-b-n\v D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv. IqSmsX vXoI-cW sSp-I-fmb sht tmv, t]mfn-a-ssdkv
sNbn dnbm- (PCR) ]cn-tim-[-\-Ifpw \S-m-dp-v. Fen-ksb At]nv Ch sNe--th-dn-b-Xm-Wv.
Hcm Ftm-gmWv Fv.s
- F.-hn. ]cn-tim-[\ \S-t-X
- v FXpw {][m\-am-Wv. A]-I-S-I-c-amb ssewKnI _-n-tesh Fenk sSn\p
hnt[-b-amtI-Xm-Wv. Bdp-amkw BIp--Xp-hsc ]cn-tim-[\ XpS-cmw. aqvamkw Ign-bp-tm hntUm ]ncoUv ]qW-ambpw Ign-n-cn-pw.
FbvUvkv tcmK-Nn-Inm am--sf-n B.-]n. ]d-bp-p. FbvUvkv
]qW-ambn NnIn-n-p-am-m Hcp acppw Ctmfw Is-n-bn-n-. tcmKw
]nSn-Iq-SmsX t\mp--XmWv A`n-Im-ayw. CXn-\p--aw "Adn-sh {]Xntcm-[-a-cpv' (Educational Vaccine) BsWv `wKy--tcW ]d-bmw. Adn-hp-h A]-I-S--fn sNp NmSnsp kmcw.
ssewKnI kZm-Nmcw Imp-kq-n-p kaq-l--fn Ccw tcmK ]S-cm-\p kml-Ncyw hfsc Ipd-hm-sWv hy-am-n-smv
Db Nnm-K-Xnbpw t{ijvT-amb aqey-fpw \psS Pohn-X-ns `mKam-t--Xns {]kn RP Dun--d-bWw.

Fv.-sF.-hn-bpsS Afhv c-n IqSm-Xn-cn-m Nne Huj-[-


{]tbm-Kn-p-Im-Wp-p-v. kn.Un.4s Iuv Ipd-bm-Xn-cn-m CXp-]-I-cnpw. A\p-_--tcm-K-sf bYm-k-abw NnInnp-am-p-Ibpw sNmw.
a\-xkm-n-y-tmsS B-hn-izm-k-tmsS Nnbmb Hcp Pohn-X{I-a-ap-m-p-I-bmWv Hcp FbvUvkv tcmKn Huj-[-Nn-In-bvv Hw sNt-

100

-Xv. IqSmsX IrXy-\n-jvT-tbmsS Bh-iy-amb t]mj-I- AS-nb


`Ww Ign--Ww. Zl-\-{]-{Inb kpK-a-am-m\pw Dtjw t\Sm\pw Bhiy-amb hymbm-a-fpw apS-msX sN-Ww. Huj-[-fpw apS--cp-Xv. imcocnIhpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb hn{iaw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. Ch-bn-eqsS apt-dp
FbvUvkv tcmKn-Iv Ap-Xm-h-l-amb ]ptcm-K-Xn-bmWv hn-p--sXv
\nco--W- hy-am-p-p.
FbnUvkv tcmKw hcm-Xn-cn-m Fsmw apI-cp-X-ep-I kzoI-cn-W-sav B.-]n. Hman-n-p-p.
hnhm-l-]q ssewKnI _- Hcn-epw Dm-I-cp-Xv.
kzhK-cXn-bn-tep \bn-p {]h-W-X-I ]q-ambpw Hgn-hmpI.
AwKo-IrX Uv _mp-I-fn \np-am{Xw cw kzoI-cn-p-I.
ab-p-a-cpp t]mse-bp hkvXp- D]-tbm-Kn-m-Xncn-p-I.
K`-Ime ]cn-tim-[-\-bn HIV sSv IqSn \S-p-I.
km \njvT-bp Hcp PohnXw \bn-p-I.

{]h\w 7
B.-]n. Hcp {]h\w \Ip-p.
Ipdv tNmZy- \IpI. Ah-bn Fv.-sF.-hn. _m[
kw_-nv GXns\ t]Sn--Ww, FXv t]Sn-t--Xn (High
Risk, No risk) Fp hy-am-p-I.
asm-cm-fp-ambn ssewKn-I-_--n-tes-Sp-n-s-n - No Risk
aqp \mep-t] tNv kqNn ]n-p-]-tbm-Kn- -

High Risk

c-Zm\w

- No Risk

s]mXp Iq-kp-I D]-tbm-Kn-m

- No Risk

s]mXpsSen-t^m D]-tbm-Kn-m

- No Risk

HIV _m[n-X\v ssIsIm-Sp-m

- No Risk

HIV _m[n-Xs\ Benw-K\w sNbvXm

- No Risk

Npa-bp HIV _m[n-Xs Acn-In \nm

- No Risk

HIV _m[n-Xc
- p-samv kvIqfn ]Tn-m

- No Risk

Htc \op-f
- D]-tbm-Kn-m

- No Risk

101

B.-]n. mknse tijn-p kwi-b- \nhm-cWw sNp-p.

R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
XpS-bmbn ico-c-nse cw apgph\pw amn-sm-n-cp-mepw
FbnUvkv kpJ-s-Sn-.
km[m-cW ]I-hym-[n-I-fp tcmKn-I-sf-tmse Xs FbnUvkv
tcmKn-I-sfbpw Fm Pnm, km Aip-]-{Xn-I-fnepw saUn-
tImtf-Pp-I-fnepw NnIn-n-pw. tcmKn-Ipw _p-pw thnbp Iukn-enwKv kuI-cyhpw ChnsS \ne-hn-ep-v.
HIV ]cn-tim-[\ \S-p--Xn\v app-Xs em_p-I-fn {]o-sSv
Iukn-enwKv \S-m-dp-v. sSn\v tijhpw Iukn-enw-Kv Dmbn-cn-pw. Ch sSn\p hnt[-b-am-Ip--bm-fpsS am\-knI kaw Ipdp-sIm-p-h-cm klm-bn-pw. am{X-a Abmv icnbmb amK\ntihpw CXn-eqsS e`n-pw.
Cu tkh\w Kh-s v Bip-]-{Xn-I-fnse ICTC(Integrated Councelling
and Testing Centre)/ tPymXnkv kv t \l saUn- IukenwKv
skdpIfn e`y-am-Wv. tkh\w kuP-\y-am-Wv.
kndnpw, kqNnbpw \mbn Xnf-n-m Fv.-sF.-hn. \in-pw.
Unkvt]m-kn-_n kndnv D]-tbm-Kn-p--XmWv Ghpw kpc-n-Xamb amKw
B.-]n. D]-kw-l-cn-p-p.
HIV _m[n-X-scbpw FbvUvkv tcmKn-I-sfbpw kaq-l-n \np ]pdwX-p {Iqc-X-b \psS `mKp \nv Dm-th--Xv. AX FbvUvkv
\nam\w. innm\p--X; cn-m\pw kvt\ln-m-\p-ap--XmWv
Cu temIw.

`mc-Xhpw FbvUvkpw
Cv `mc-X-n GI-tZiw 5.2 Zi-ew t]v HIV AWp-_m[ DXmbn IWm-s-Sp-p. `mc-Xs kw_-n-n-Sp-tmfw FbvUvkv Hcp
BtcmKy {]iv\-t-m-fp-]-cn kmaq-lnI {]iv\-am-Wv. FbvUvkv Ghpw
A[nIw _m[n-p-Xv Pohn-X-ns D]m-Z-\--a-amb 15 \pw 49 \pw CSbvp {]mb-m-cn-em-Wv. am{X-hp-a Cu tcmKm-h--aqew {]h\ hj-fpsS \jvSw, tcmK-_m-[n-Xsc NnIn-n-p--Xn-\p Nne-hv, amXm-]n-Xm \jvSsp tcmK-_m-[n-Xcpw Am--Xp-amb Ipn-I-fpsS ]p\-c-[n-hmkw

102

apX-embh cmPyw t\cn-tS-n-h-cp Hcp {][m\ shp-hn-fn-bmbn amdp-p.


Xan-gv\m-Sv, Im-S-I, B{m-{]-tZ-iv, alm-cm-jv{S, aWn-q, \mKm-em v XpSnb kwm-\--fn-em-Wv HIV AWp_m[n-X IqSp-X-embn Ip-h-cp--Xv.
Bb-Xn-\m-emWv Cu kwm-\- tcmK-km-{X IqSnb taJ-e-bmbn (High
Prevalence States) Adn-b-s-Sp--Xv.

tIc-fhpw FbvUvkpw
HIV/AIDS km{Xm \ncv {]Imcw tIc-fw, tcmK-km-{Xm \ncv
Ipd kwm-\-am-bmWv IW-m--s-n-cn-p--Xv. Fm HIV km{Xm
\ncv IqSnb kwm-\--fn Np-spInS-p kwm-\sa \nebn HIV AWp hym]\ km[yX Xn--f-bm km[y-a-.
tIc-f
- n HIV AWp-_m-[n-X GI-tZiw Hcp e-tmfamWv. HIvtSm_ 2006 se IW-p-{]-Imcw Ch-cn FbvUvkv _m[n-X-scv dntmv
sN-s--h-cpsS Fw 3824 Dw AIDS _m[nv ac-W-a-S--h-cpsS Fw 789
Dw BWv.

temI FbvUvkv Zn\w Unkw-_ 1


1988 e--\n hp \S 140 temI-cm-jv{S--fnse BtcmKyhIpv
a{n-am-cpsS tbmK-n HIV/AIDS {]Xn-tcm[ {]h-\- P\-sf
Hm-s-Sp-m Hcp Zn\w BN-cn--W-sav Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-p. Cu Zn\amWv ]noSv temI FbvUvkv Zn\-ambn BN-cn-p XpS-n-b-Xv. Cu Zn\w
BN-cn-p--tXm-sSmw ImenI {]k-n-bp kt-i- P\--fn-tev
Fn-p-Ibpw sNp-p-v. 2006 apX 2010 hsc-bp kt-iw,

"hmKvZm-\
- ]men
- q... FbvUnk
- ns\ XSbq ... F-Xm-Wv.
Stop AIDS, Keep the promise"
HIV/ AIDS s\Xnsc t]mcm-Sp--Xn-\mbn {]Xn-tcm[ {]h-\-v
apXqw \Ip-Ibpw AtXm-sSmw HIV/ AIDS _m[n-Xsc kaq-l-ns
apJy-[m-c-bn-tebvv sImp-h-cn-Ibpw sNpI F-XmWv Cu Zn\m-N-c-Wns ]c-a-{]-[m-\-amb eyw.
HIV/ AIDS _m[n-X-tc-bpw, FbvUvkv _m[nv ac-W-a-S--h-tc-bpw, AhcpsS IpSpw-_mw-K--tfbpw Hmn-n-p--tXm-sSmw Ah-tcmSv A\p-Xm]w
{]I- S n- n- p- I bpw Ahp- t hn Bm- a mbn {]hn- p- I bpw
sNpI F-XmWv Cu Zn\m-N-cWw sImp-t-in-p--Xv.

103

sdUv dn_ (Nph \mS)


HIV AWp-_m-[n-X-tcmSpw AIDS _m[n-X-tcmSpw Hp tNv \nv Cu
tcmKm-h--bvs-Xnsc H-s-mbn \nv t]mcm-Sp-sav ZrV-\n-bw sNpIbpw sFIy-ZmVyw {]I-Sn-n-p--Xn-\p-am-bmWv Nph dn_ AWn-bp-Xv. Ahsc Ah-K-Wn-msX ]cn-K-Wn-p-Ibpw Ah-tcmSv A\p-Xm]w {]ISn-n-p-Ibpw sN-W-sa--XmWv CXn-eqsS \Ip kt-iw.
hnZym-`ym-k-ap, hgn-sX-m-, aqey-t_m-[-ap Xe-ap-d-I-fmWv \psS
eyw. Db kwkvmcw ImgvN-h-bvp Hcp \ \mtfbvp thn
\apv Iqmbn bXv\nmw

104

Iuam-cI
- mew ktmj{]Z-ammw
PohnXw BkzZ- n-m-\p-X
- mWv; tlman-m-\p-X
- - . ]p
hnS-cp-Ibpw Infn-I ]mSp-Ibpw sNp {]`mXw F{X
Dt-jI
- c
- a- mWv! An-p-hpw Xnc-am-eI
- fpw \psS a\w Ihcp-p. CjvSw ]I-cp Iqp-Im hmeyw hnf-p cnXm- Cu ku`m-Ky- \apv kza- t.
Ipn-m-ev \njvI-f--ambn eoe-I-fn apgp-Imw. Iuam-cn D-WvT-tbmsS temIs t\mmw. bu-\n D- c - h m- Z n- X z- \nd- t hn kwXr]v X n t\Smw.
hmIyw ap- - h - c psS kv t \l- ] qW- a mb ]cn- N cWwsImv [\y-am-mw.
F{X ]Tn-mepw Xocm-, Fpw IuXp-Ia- p-Wp Hcp
henb ]pkvXI
- a- mWv {]IrX
- n. At\zj
- n-m\pw Is-m\pw
\nhrXn \pI-cm\pw Cu `qan-bnte Ah-kc
- a- p-p.
Iuam-c
- nse AXn-cp-IS- IuXp-I
- ]e-tmgpw `mhn
Pohn-Xs inYn-ea- m-p-p. Aev]w apI-cp-Xe- p-I, Ipdv
Adn- h v , \- X n- - I Xncn- - - d n- b m- \ p hnth- I w,
thmhtbmSv "C' Fv Dd-np ]d-bm-\p a\-c
- pv
C{X-sbm-s-bp-s-n Iuam-c
- m-es
- a-Xv PohnX
-
- nse
kphW-Zi Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw.

105

106

`mKw 3
RTI, STI, HIV, AIDS

$ RTI/ STI

`mKw 2B
$ {]P-\-\-hy-h
{]P- \ \ hyh- bpw
{]P-\-\hpw

$ RTI/ STI

$ {]P-\\w

$ Iuam-c-m-cpsS {]iv\-fpw ]cn-lm-c-fpw


$ imco-cnI {]iv\- {]Xn-hn-[n-I
s]Ip-n-I/BIp-n-I

`mKw 2A
Iuam-c-{]m-b-m-cpsS
hf

$ hyn _-

Session III
$ kKm--I-Nn

$ hnIm-c
- f
- pambn s]mcp-s
- -S
$ am\-knI kwLj--fpambn
s]mcp--s-S

Session IV
$ hnai-\m-I Nn

$ HIV

$ {]P-\-\m-tcmKyw

$ AIDS

$ enwK- t `Zw,
ssewKn- I X,
enwK]Zhn
$ kwib \nhm-cWw

am\-kn-I, kmaq-lnI {]iv\- ]cn-lm-c-

Iuam-c-m-cn Ip-h-cp
s]cp-am khn-ti-j-X-I

$ Iuam- c
hf $ am\-knI kmaq-lnI am-,
imco-cnI am- BIpn s]Ipn
$ am--fpsS ASn-m-\-n

$ Bib hn\n-ab
tijn

Session II
$ X-bo-`mhw

$ Iuam-c-{]m-b-mcpsS hf

$ {]iv\ ]cn-l-cWtijn
$ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-

$ BapJw
$ PohnX ss\]p-WnI
$ kzbw Adn-bpI

Session I

`mKw 2A
Iuam-c-{]m-b-m-cpsS
hf

`mKw 1
PohnX ss\]p-Wn-I

`mKw 1
PohnX ss\]p-Wn-I

Session

PROGRAMME SCHEDULE
School AHEP

107

(critical thinking)

hnai-\m-I Nn

Session 4 (45 mts)

(Creative thinking)

kKm-I Nn

Session 3 (45 mts)

Session 2 (30 mts)


X-bo-`mhw (Empathy)

Session - 1 (1 hr)
BapJw
Pohn-X-ss\-]p-Wn-I-fpsS Bh-iy-IX
Pohn-X-ss\-]p-Wn-I 1
kzbw- Adn-bpI (Self awareness)

BapJw

Session
Objective

Chart - Blank
Pen
Chart showing the points
Attractive

32 Good player

Entrance coaching
TV bnse knK-d-ns ]ckyw
Lap top Computer hm

II hnt\m-Zb
- m{Xm coXn

(t]Pv 17)
Rm apJy-a{- n-bm-bm

Nn{Xw ImWn-p {]h\w

Chart
Marker
Nn{X-

Nmv
Nn{X-, t]\ XpS-n-bh

I skn- f n \nv hoW tNmZy-sn


kw`hw
Marker pen
\mj-W sslth-bnse A]ISw

D]- t bm- K nv
AXnn-bn-S
Ah-c-h-sc--n-bp Ignhv FgpX
t{ImUo-Ic- W
- w.

hkv X p-

II

Nmv
am s]

`mKw 1 PohnX ss\]p-Wn-I


]mp-]m-S
Ign-hp-I Fgp-X

games

Any group activity/Interactive

Materials Required

SCHOOL AHEP - MODULE AT A GLANCE


Activity

\-n\v bpn-Nn

\hpw

Nn-bn Gender difference


D-c-hm-Zn ]q-amb Xocp-am-

hnai-\m-I Nnbpw A]-{K-Y-

hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb hni-I-e\w

X-bo-`m-h-ns {]m[m\yw
aqeyt_m[w

Ign-hp-I-fnse enwK-t`Zw
Ignhp-I-sf-p-dn-p DmgvN

hyXym-k
-

Ign-hp-I-fnse hyym-c

sfbpw Ipdn-p t_m[w

Fm-hpw Ign-hp-I Dv
\psS KpW--sfbpw tZmj--

Objectives of AHEP
Iuamcw

Out put

108

Session 7 (30 mts)


hyn-_-- sa-s-Sp
Bs] _w Btcm-Ky-I-cam-
kvt\lw, hnhm-l- _w Fn-hsbpdnv anI ImgvN-m-Sp-m
Fgp-X

t{ImUo-Ic- Ww

Imcy-

hyn-_---fn {in-t-

III

m\-amn (Module Page - 106)

s]mXp-N tNmZy-sf ASn-

II

p-Xv Fv?

s]mXp-N {]XoIw A-am-

Nmv
am s]
t]

Nmv t]
t]\
kv{Io
Nmv

I Bi-b- hyXn-bm\w
({]h-\w)
N
tPyman-Xob cq]w
BwKy-co-Xn-bp kw`mjWw
t{ImUo-Ic- Ww

Session 6 (1 hr)
Bi-bh
- n-\n-ab
- t- ijn

kvt\l-ns {]XoIw hc-

Ib 2 ao
Av Xqhm-e-I
t]
Nmv

Materials Required

I Ap- I p- n- I - f psS Ip aqSn


sIn-bnp {]h\w
Group Discussion
{]iv\-]-cn-lmcw Fs\
II No saying k`-
kml-Nc- y- ASn-m-\a- m-nbp s]mXp-N

Activity

Session 5 (45 mts)


{]iv\-]-cn-l-cW tijn
Xocp-am-\s- a-Sp-

Session
Objective

SCHOOL AHEP - MODULE AT A GLANCE

kvt\lw, hnhmlw Fo
_-
s]cp- a m- - - f n \npw
Hgnp \n

kulr- Z w, Infactuation,

[mc-W-

\ hyn-_--
kv t \l- s - p- d n- p

kwth- Z - \ fpw hnI- k npp.


icoc `mjm-]-c-amb Bib
hn\n- a b tijn hnpp.

hmNm- k w- t h- Z - \ hpw av

ss\]pWn Dm-Ip-p.

^e-{]-Za- mb Bi-bh
- n-\n-ab

KpWhpw tZmjhpw AdnbWw


{]iv \ - ] - c n- l - c - W - t ijn
Xocp- a m- \ - s a- S p- m- \ p
Ignhv hn-p-p.
KpWhpw tZmjhpw Adnm Xocp-am-\s- a-Sp-...
thKw.
t\m Fp ]d- b m- \ p
hnhn[ amK-

{]iv\ ]cn-lm-c-n\p apv

Out put

109

Session 1- Iuam-c-m-cpsS hf
(1 Hr)
Cu skj- BIp-n-Ipw
s]Ip-n-Ipw shtsd BbnmWv sNt-X
- v.
Iuamc hf
Iuamc Ime-L--nse imco-cnI
hyXn-bm-\- s]Ipn/
BIp-n. imco-cnI am--sfp-dnv [mcW Dm-Ip--Xn\v.

Session 8 (45 mts)


hnIm-c--fpsS \nb-{Ww
am\-knI kwLj--fpsS \nb{-Ww.
XZ\p-`hw hnI-kn-n-

Session
Objective
I

t]
Nmv t], t]\

Materials Required

Ipw ca-bpsS IY s]Ip-nIpw thn Adn-n-cn-pI


RP Hcp IY mn Ah-X-cn-n-p-p. IYm-]m-{X-n\v A\p-`-hs
{]bm-k- Fgp-Xm
Ipn-It- fmSv ]dbp-p. Presentation
and general discussion
s]Ip-n-I-fnepw BIp-n-Ifnepw Dm-Ip imco-cnI hyXnbm-\--sfp-dnv s]mXp-N
t{ImUo-Ic- Ww

_mhp-hns IY BIpn-

in girls & boys (Page 5, 8)

Chart Paper
Marker
Charts showing the physical changes

`mKw 2 Iuam-c{]mb-m-cpsS hf

Role play hnImc {]I-S\w


Atim-Is IY Nne tNmZy-
s]mXp-N - Fp-sImv?
Iuamc L- n am\- k nI
kw Fhn-sS- \n-smw?
am\-knI kw Hgn-hm-m
Fsmw sNpw?

II

Group Discussion
Fp-sImv Cu {]Xn-Ic- Ww?

hnImc {]I-S\w

tlm-ense `-W-nse ]m

Activity

SCHOOL AHEP - MODULE AT A GLANCE

n-If
- nepw s]Ip-n-Ifnepw Dm-Ip imco-cnI
hyXn-bm-\--sf-n [mcW
ssIh-cn-pp.

Iuamc Imev BIp-

3 hn`mKw P\-

IWw

]c-kv]-cm-\ PohnXw
Fm- h pw \- b p- m-

tIm]w sX
tIm]-ns A\--c-^-e-

Out put

110

Session 3- Iuam-c
- m-cpsS {]iv\
- fpw
]cn-lm-c-fpw (1 Hr)
Iuam-c-m-cpsS {]iv\-fpw ]cnlm-c
- fpw
imco-cnI {]iv\-, ]cn-lmc
am- Fn-h-sb-p-dnv
[mcW t\Sp-p.

Session 2 (1 Hr)
Iuamc hf
Iuamcnse am\-kn-I, kmaqlnI am--sf-p-dnv [mcW
Dm-Ip-p.

Day/Session
Objective

D]-tbm-Kn-p {]h-\w.
{Kqv UnkvI-j
t{ImUo-Ic- Ww

{]iv\
- {]Xn-hn-[n-I ImUv

{]iv\-
{]Xn-hn-[-I ImUp-I

am\-kn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-Ih
- p-amb
am-
hynXz cq]o- I - c - W - n\v
klm-bn-p-p.
ico-ck
-
- ev]w
]qcI
enwK- ns- - h tcmSp at\m-`mhw
ssewKnI Imcy-f- nse
Pnmk
kzmX-{y-hm-bpw cn-Xm-tfm-Sp AIbpw
A]-IS- I
- c- a- mb {]hn-I

{]iv\
- / {]Xn-hn-[n-I
Fn-hs- b-p-dnv icnbmb
Adnhv e`n-p-p.

IuamcmcpsS imco-cnI

imco-cnI kev]w

kml-kn-I-amb {]hr-n-bn
Gs-Sp--Xn-\p {]h-WX

Iuam-c-nse am\-knI
hyXn-bm-\
-

Out put

Iuam-c-{]m-b-n Dm-Ip

hmbn-p-hm Bh-iy-s-Sp-p.
Ipn-I, Iuam-c-n-tev {]th-in-tm Ah-cpsS kz`m-h-nepw
s]cp-am--nepw h am--sf-pdnv {Kqv Xncnv N-sN-p--p.
{Kqv eoU Ah-X-cn-n-p-p.
RP group discussion \S-p-p.
t{ImUo-Ic- Ww

k`- Nmn-se-gp-Xn-b-Xv
Marker pen, OHP

Materials Required

RP Ip-n-ItfmSv Xn-cn-p k`-

Activity

SCHOOL AEP - MODULE AT A GLANCE

111

Session - 2 (40 mts)


{]P-\\w

Part II (B)
Session - 1
{]P-\-\-hy-h (1 Hr)

Iuam-c
- mcnse am\-knI, kmaq-lnI
am- (1 Hr)
IuamcmcpsS {]iv\-fpw ]cnlm-c
- fpw
am\-kn-I, kmaq-lnI {]iv\, ]cn-lm-c- Fn-h-sbp-dnv [mcW t\Sp--Xn-\v.

Day/Session

Question answer method


s]mXp-N
t{ImUo-Ic- Ww

{]P- \ \ Ah- b - h - sfn Hcp

]v\w, ab-p-a-cp-v, aZy-]m\w XpSn-bh


- )
aZy-]m\w/ab-p-a-cpp]tbmKw
Fn-hb
- psS Zqjy-hi
-
- {Kqn
hv N-sNbvXv envH
- uv sNp-I.
Presentation
Consolidation

]m\ N (hn-jm-Zw, Znhm-kz-

Activity

ambn _-s- Paper cuttings

sNdp-{]m-b-nse K`-[m-c-W-hp-

Charts, Model, OHP etc.

Marker, Chart

Materials Required

SCHOOL AEP - MODULE AT A GLANCE

LmX

ssiih hnhm-l-ns {]Xym-

Adnhv

{]P-\\-s-p-dnv icn-bmb

Ah-bpsS {]h-\-snbp Adnhv

{]P-\\ Ah-b-h--sfnbpw

knI {]iv\
- f
- mb hnjm-Zw, A]IjXmt_m[w, GIm-{K-X-bnmbva Fnhsb XcWw sNm\p Ignhv Bn-pp
]pI-bn-se, aZyw, ab-p-a-cpv
Fn-hbpsS Zqjy-hi
-
-
Ah-bpsS D]-tbmKw XS-bp--Xn\p hgn-I
Nn-bmb Pohn-X{- Iaw
Bm-`n-am\ Ipdhv
A]-Ij-Xm-t_m[w
hnjmZw
C^mIvtNzj

Iuam-cme-p-m-Ip am\-

Out put

112
tNmZy- FgpXn tNmZy-s-n-bn
\nt-]n-p-p.
Bh-iy-amb hni-Zo-Ic- Ww RTI, STI

Fn-h-sb-p-dn-v
NnIn-m-co-Xn-Isf Ipdnv, tcmK-

Session - 1 (1 hr)
RTI, STI, Fnhsbp-dnpw AhbpsS e-W
- , NnIn-m-coXn
Fn-h-sb-p-dnv [mcW t\Sp-Xn-\v.

Paper,
tNmZy-spen,
nlarge sheet of paper
t]

Black board
Paper,
pen, large sheet of paper
Paper

\nbsp-dnv
I-fn-embn Fgp-Xn-b-Xv D]-tbm-Kn-psIm-p ]cn-io-e\w
tNmZy-s-n-bnse kwi-b\
- n-hm-cWw
t{ImUo-Ic- Ww

tNmZy-fpw D-c-fpw 24 jop-

tNmZy-sn
t]
STI, RTI Fn-hs- b-p-dnv hni-ZoI-cn-p-hm Ign-bp Nn{X-,
Nmp-I

`mKw 3 RTI/ STI/ HIV/ AIDS

s]mXp-
N
tNmZy FgpXn tNmZy-s-nneed
of
birth
bn \nt-control
]n-p-p.
Bh-i
^kn-en-t- Iqnkwiby-\
- an-mbh
hm-cWw
tpp
kwi-b\
- n-hm-cWw

Materials Required

Paper, pen, large sheet of paper

s]mXp-N
need of birth control
Bh-iy-ambh ^kn-en-t- Iqntpp
kwi-b\
- n-hm-cWw
s]Ipn-I, BIp-n-I,
s]mXp-N
Iqpw
_m[-I-amb
cp
need of
birth control
{]h\w
Bh-iy-ambh ^kn-en-t- Iqntpp
kwi-b\
- n-hm-cWw

Session - 5 (30 mts)


kwi-b\
- n-hm-cWw

enwK]Zhn

enwK-t`Zw, ssewKn-I-X,

Session - 4 (30 mts)

{]P-\\
- m-tcmKyw

Session - 3 (30 mts)

Day/Session
Objective

SCHOOL AEP - MODULE AT A GLANCE


Activity

kn^n-enkv
_mIvSo-cn-b hPn-t\m-knkv
sKmtW-dnb
man-Unb
P\n- slnkv
ss{Stm-tam-Wn-bm-knkv
ImUn-Un-bm-knkv

RTI
STI

s-p-dnpw Adnhp t\Sp-p.


A]-I-S-I-c-amb ssewKn-I-_ns `hn-j-p-I-sf-n
Adnhv e`n-p-p.

K`-[m-c-Whpw, K`-\n-tcm-[-\-

s-p-dnpw
Adnhp t\Sp-p.
enwKt`Zw
Fnhsbpdnv
A]I-S-I-c-amb
ssewKn-I-_t_m[ysv
kwib
ns
`hnj
-p-I-sf-n
\nhmcWw sNsSpp.
Adnhv e`n-p-p.

K`-[m-c-Whpw,
K`-\n-tcm-[-\ ssewKnIX,
enwK]Zhn,

s-p-dnpw Adnhp t\Sp-p.


A]-I-S-I-c-amb ssewKn-I-_ns `hn-j-p-I-sf-n
Adnhv e`n-p-p.

K`-[m-c-Whpw, K`-\n-tcm-[-\-

Out put

113

\v.

HIV sbn Adnhv e`n-p--Xn-

Session - 2 (1 12 hr)

Day/Session
Objective

tNmZy-
tNmZy-s-n-bn-te-b
v p tNmZy-
FgpXn \nt-]n-p-p.
HIVsbp-dnv hni-Zo-Ic- n-p-p.
tizX-c
- m-Wp-hns Nn{Xw ImWn-pp.
HIV-WBC B{I-an-p-Xv hni-Zo-Ic
- npp
HIV ]I-cp am-sf Ipdnv hniZo-Ic- n-pp
HIV]I-cm am-s
- f-p-dnv hniZo-Ic- n-pp
Nn{X- D]-tbm-Knv ]I-cp-h
- , ]Icmh Is-m ]d-bp-p.
{Kqv BIpp Fp-sImv Fv
hni-Zo-Ic- n-m Bh-iy-s-Sp-p.
tNmZy-s-n- bnse kwi-b\
- n-hm-cWw

tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm[ tijn-sb-- n-bp

Nn{Xw
tizX-c-m-Wp-hns Nn{Xw
icocw HIVv ASn-ab
- m-Ip
Nn{Xw
tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm-[-tijn \in-Xv
ImWn-p Imq
HIV]I-cp am-s
- f-p-dnp
Nn{X
HIV]I-cm am-s
- f-pdnp Nn{X
shn-sb-Sp-m-hp Nn{X-
t^m-tm-tIm-n

tNmZy-sn
HIVbpsS LS\ ImWn-p

Materials Required

SCHOOL AEP - MODULE AT A GLANCE


Activity
HIV bpsS LS\

tizX-c
- mWp HIV B{I-aWw
tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm[ tijn timjWw
HIV ]I-cp am-
cw kzoI-cn-
A-bn \nv inip-hn-tebvv
ape-bq-
kndnv Bhn-p-]-tbm-Kn
HIV ]I-cm am-
lkvXZ- m\w
sImXp-Ip-ISn
c-Zm\w

Out put

114

Session - 3 (1 12 hr)

Activity

B.-]n. hni-Zo-Ic- n-p-p.


FbnUvkv ]I-cp-Xv hni-Zo-I-cnp Nn- D]-tbm-Kn-p
Ifn
FbnUvkv tcmK-e
- W
-
- hniZo-Ic- n-p-p.
FbnUvkv ]cn-tim-[-\-sb-p-dnv
hni-Zo-Ic- n-p-p.
FbnUvkv hcm-Xncnm\p apIcp-Xe
- p-Is- f-Ip-dnv hni-Zo-Ic- n-pp
]cn-io-e\w High Risk, No Risk,
tNmZy- tNmZn-p-p.
tijn kwi-b
- f
- psS \nhm-cWw
t{ImUo-Ic- Ww

{Kqv {]h\w FbnUvkv tcmKn-


bpsS Pohn-Xs- -n Fgp-X

FbnUvkv tcmKw Fs--dn- Ah-Xc- Ww

t{ImUo-Ic- Ww
bm?
FbnUvkns\ Ipdnv A[ym-]I
-
am-\ntiw \evIp--Xn-\v.
(B.-]n.) hni-Zo-Ic- n-p-p. hnhn[
L- ImWn- p- p, Nmv

{]Zin-n-pp
FbnUvkv A\p-_--tcm-K-

Day/Session
Objective

Nmv
tNmtZym-c-
- - nI
hnhn[ Nn- tcJ-s-Sp-nb
ImUp-I
t]
FbnUvkv hnhn[ L- ImWnp Nmv

Materials Required

SCHOOL AHEP - MODULE AT A GLANCE

PCR
apI-cp-X-ep-I

DZm : bw, \yqtam-Wnb XpS-n


bh
FbnUvkv tcmK-e
- W
-
-
Feokm
sht tmv

HIV, AIDS hnhn[ L-


{]mY-an-IL
- w
{]mcw` {]Xn-tcm[ timjW Lw
CS-me {]Xn-tcm[ timjW Lw
Xo{h-{]-Xn-tcm[ timjW Lw
FbnUvkv A\p-_ tcmK-

Out put

SCHOOL ADOLESCENCE EDUCATION PROGRAMME (AEP)


School Reporting Format
Format no. 2*
District / Block

Zone / Ward

To be filled in by

: School Principal/Head Master

To be submitted to : RDP/DD/DEO/DIET Principal


Dates by which it has to be submitted : 1st of every month
Name of the School
Name of the Principal
and Address
Type of School
Unaided/ Other (Please mention)

Government/ Aided/ Private

Level

Secondary/ Senior Secondary/


Other (Please mention)

Language of Instruction
AEP implementation took place last year

Yes / No

Whether the school is (Please tick)

Co-educational/ Only Boys/


Only Girls

Current Status of Nodal Teachers (NT) - (Teachers trained under AEP)


Total number of
No. of Nodal Teachers in your
teachers in the school
school as on reporting date

Male

Female

* DIET {]nkn-mamv \evtI dntmns t^mamv

115

Current Status of AEP implementation

Whether the school is implementing


16 hour AEP in this academic year

Yes/No

Whether the school has completed the


coverage* of 16 hour AEP in this academic year

Yes/No

Covered means 16 hours of AEP with all the sessions in all sections of IX and XI completed

Status of Students covered* under AEP


Standard
/Class

Boys
Total
Covered

Girls
Total
Covered

Total
Total Students

No. Covered

IX
XI
Other

Covered means 16 hours of AEP with all the sessions completed

Events and Activity Conducted in the School : Please put a "!


!" mark if session is
conducted and "X" if session is not conducted
Sl.No.

Events /Activity

1.

Debate

2.

Quiz Contest

3.

Group discussion

4.

Posters /Painting Competition

5.

Essay competition

6.

Question Box

7.

Value clarification

8.

Role Plays

9.

Case Studies
Other Activity

116

Conducted / Not
conducted

Date on which
Conducted and
no.of participants

Advocacy meetings :
Activity

Taken place Yes/No

Date on which
conducted and
no. of participants

Principal Advocacy Meetings


Teachers Advocacy meeting
(Teachers other than Nodal Teachers)
Parents Advocacy Meetings
Signature of the Principal/HeadMaster :
Stamp of the school

Date

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Iuam-c-{]mb-m-cpsS BtcmKy{]iv\--sf-p-dnv IqSp-X-e-dn-bm
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0484 - 4099899 F \-dn hnfn-pI
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