kv I qXe ]cn- i o- e \w
A[ym- ] - I p tamUyq
GOVERNMENT OF KERALA
Government of Kerala
Department of General Education
SCERT, 2007 -'08
A[ym-]-I-tcmSv
PohnXnse \nm-bIamb hgn-n-cn-hm-Wsm Iuam-c-Im-ew. hynXz hnI-k-\n\p If-sam-cp-p-Xv Cu Ime-m-Wv. Gsd kz]v\w ImWp-Ibpw Pohn-X-s-p-dnv
amXr-I-I ]Sp-p-bp-Ibpw sNp Ime-am-Wn-Xv. Pohn-X-n Imen-S-dn-t]m-Im-Xn-cnm imkv{Xo-b-amb [mc-W-Ifpw PohnX ss\]p-Wn-Ifpw Iuam-c-m-cn hf-tc--Xp-v.
imco-cnI am\-knI {]iv\
-
- v bpn]q-amb ]cn-lmc- Is-p-Ibpw thWw.
Cu Ime-L--ns khn-ti-j-X-I Adnv Iuam-c-msc AwKo-I-cnp sImpw
Ahv A\p-tbm-Py-amb amK-\ntZiw \In-smpw cm-Im-fpw A[ym-]Icpw s]mXp-k-aq-lhpw {]hn-t-Xpapv.
sa-s PohnXw \bn-pI hgn Iuam-c-Im-e-L-s AY-]q-ambn {]tbm-P-\-s-Spm Ipn-Isf klm-bn-p-I-bmWv Cu ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS eyw. HIV/AIDS
t]mep amdm- tcm-Km-h-I-fpsS Icn-\n-genemWvv \mw Pohn-p--Xv. Iuam-c-mv
\nc-h[n NXn-pgnIsf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t-n-h-cpw. Ahsb Ign-bp-{X Hgn-hm-m\pw
eLq-I-cn-m\pw kaqlw Ahsc {]m]vX-cm--Ww.
MHRD, NACO Fnh- kwbp--ambn \S-p kwcw-`--fn tIcfhpw ]p-tN-cp-I-bmWv. Cu ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS DS-s aqp `mK-ambn Xncn-n-pv.
1.
2.
3.
Xncp-h-\--]pcw
Pq 06, 2007
Ub-dI
- vS
Fkv. kn. C. B. Sn, tIcfw
D-Sw
BapJw
.................................................................................................................
`mKw 1
Pohn-Xs
- s\-]p-Wn-I..................................................................................
`mKw 2A
Iuam-c{- ]mb-m-cpsS h-fbpw hnIm-khpw .....................
42
`mKw 2B
{]P-\\ hyh-bpw, {]P-\\
- hpw...................................................
69
`mKw 3
AIDS/HIV/RTIs/STIs ...................................................................................
83
A\p-_w
ssSwtS-_n........................................................................................................
tamUyq H-t\m-
- n ...................................................................
106
107
BapJw
Iuamc-Imew
`mKw
PohnX ss\]p-Wn-I
skj: 1
1. kzbw Adn-bpI (Self Awareness) ..................................
skj: 2
2. Xbo-`mhw (Empathy) ...........................................................
skj: 3
3. km-I Nn (Creative Thinking) ..........................
skj: 4
4. hnai-\m-I Nn (Critical Thinking) .................
skj: 5
5. {]iv\-]-cn-lcW tijn (Problem Solving Skill)
6. Xocp-am\w FSp- (Decision Making) ..................
skj: 6
7. Bi-b-hn-\n-ab tijn (Communication Skill)...
skj: 7
8. hyn _-
(Personal Relationships) ...........................................................
skj: 8
9. hnIm-c--fpambn s]mcp--s-S
(Coping with Emotions)............................................................
10 am\-knI kwLj--fpambn s]mcp--s-S
(Coping with Stress) .....................................................................
Pohn-Xs
- s\-]p-Wn-I (Life Skills)
BapJw
skj 1
kzbw Adn-bpI (Self Awareness)
kabw: 1 aWnq (Bap-Jw 15 an\nv + 45 an\nv)
Dt-iy-
Pohn-X-ns alXzw a\-n-em-p-I.
Rm Bcm-sWpw Fs kz`mhw Fm-sW-pw XncndnbpXn\v.
Fs _ehpw _e-lo-\-Xbpw CjvShpw A\n-jvShpw icn-bmbn
hn-e-bn-cpn PohnXhnPbw t\SpXn\v.
honepw ]pdpw anI kmaq-ly-Po-hnXw \bn-m-\p
B-hn-izmkw hfp-Xn\pw hnth-I-]qhw Xocp-am-\-
ssIsmp--Xn\v.
KpW-tZm-j-sfn-bp {Inbm--I-Nn hfp--Xn\v
\nmW {]h-\--fn-tepw At\z-j-Wm-I {]h-\-fn-tepw Ipn-Isf \bn-p-Xn\v.
B-hn-izmkw h[n-p--tXm-Sp-IqSn Xs hyn-Xz-ns
Axk ]pd-p-sIm-p-h-cp-hm Ign-bp-p Fp
t_m[y-s-Sp--Xn\v.
]T-t\m-]I
- c
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-
-
Nmv
OHP/ Slides
Nn{X-
{]h\w 1
Ipn-I-tfmSv Hcp ]mv ]mSm RP Bh-iy-s-Sp-p. Xm-dmbn hcp
Ipnsb sImv cp hcn ]mSnpp. AXn-\p-tijw Hcp Km\w ]cn-io-enn-pp. F-m-hcpw B Km\w ]mSpp. ]mSm Adn-bn Fv ap]v ]d-hcpw Km\w Be-]np Fv Dd-p-h-cp-pp.
10
Nmkq-NI
-
-
Cu ]mv Fm-hcpw ]mSn-bnt?
F\nv ]mSm-\p Ign-hn Fp Icp-Xn-bn-cp--h Dm-bn-cp-nt?
Ah-kcw h-tm Fm-hcpw ]mSn
Fo Nm-kq-N-I--fn-eqsS thWw \nK-a-\-n-se-m.
\nK-a\w
Ign-hp-I Fm-h-cnepw Dv, G-p-d-n-ep-I It-mw. kml-Ncyw
Dm-Ip-tm-gmWv Ign-hp-I Xncn--dn-bm\pw hfm\pw km[n-p--Xv.
{]h\w 2
Ipn-I-tfmSv Ah-c-h-cpsS Ign-hp-I Fgp--Xp-hm RP Bh-iy-s-Sp-p.
]qW-ambn ^e-{]m-]vXn-bn Fn-p-hm Ignbpw Fv D-a-t_m[y-ap Ign-hp-I-fmWv Fgp-tX--Xv.
Xmsg sImSp Nmv {]Zin-n-p-p. Ah-c-h-cpsS Ign-hp-Iv
t\scbp tImf--fn tbmPn-p--hbvv Yes Fpw tbmPn-m-h-bpsS t\sc No Fpw tcJ-s-Sp-m Bh-iy-s-Sp-p.
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\nK-a\w
im-io-e-aph
Icp-W-bph
{im-ep-hmbh
kvt\l-aph
Iem-]-c-X-bph
\mbn Ifn-ph
kXy-k--X-bph
ap--hsc t{]mm-ln-n-ph
imco-cnI a-X-bph
B-hn-izm-k-aph
]mN-I-ssh-Z-Kv[y-aph
Nnm-io-e-aph
arZp-`m-jn-bmbh
{]h\w 3
Ipn-Isf {Kqp-I-fmbn Xncn-mw. Hmtcm {Kqn-ep--hpw mv dqan\v
]pd-p Hcp {]tZiw B {Kqnse AwK--fpsS ssIh-i-ap km[-\km-a-{Kn-I D]-tbm-Knv thXn-cnv FSp-m-\p Ah-Imiw \Ipp.
BZyw Ah-cpsS ssIhiw bmsXmcp km[-\hpw Csv ]d-bp-sa-nepw
t], ame, hf, sNcpv, jm, _v, Io^v XpS-n-bh D]-tbm-Knv
Ah-c-h-cpsS e- thXn-cnv FSp-p--Xmbn ImWmw. AXnn
thXn-cnv IqSp-X ew tiJ-cn--hsc A\p-tam-Zn-mw.
R.P t{ImUo-I-cn-t-Xv
ssIhiw Hp-an Fv \mw Icp-Xn-bn-cpp Fnepw C{Xbpw km[\- \psS ssIhiw Dm-bn-cpp. \psS Ign-hp-Ifpw, inIfpw, KpW-fpw CXp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. ]pd-p-sIm-p-h-cp-hm \mw
Xs {ian--Ww. {]I-Sn-n-p--Xn-eq-sS-bmWv Ch sa-s-Sp--Xv. \nep-sv \mw Xs -a-\-n-em-p Ign-hp-I \apv Hmtcm Znhkhpw kzw Ub-dn-bn Fgp-Xmw.
kzbw Xncn--dn ]cn-an-Xn-I amn-sb-Sp--W-a-tm. AXn-\mbn kabw
\n-bnv Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-p-p. Bh-iy-sa-n ka-b-]-cn[n \op-p.
12
{]h\w 4
Hcp jov t]-dn \Sp-hn-embn hrw hcv Ah-c-hcpsS t]cv henb
A-c-n Fgp-Xp-hm ]d-b-Ww. hr hc-nv Ah-bn Fs
{]tXy-I-X-I, F\nv ad-m\mhm hyn-I, F\nv sNm Ignbp Imcy-, F\nv {]nb-s `-Ww. Fo Xe-s-p-I \In
Fgp-Xn-p-I. Ah-c-h-sc-nbpff Adn-hp-I-fmWv Fgp-Xp--sXv Hman-np-I. XpSv Xmsg sImSp-n-cn-p hmIyw ]qn-bm-p-hm ]d-bWw.
sskn-tfmw
KmnPn
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F\nv sNm
Ign-bp Imcy-
.......................................
Fs A
.......................................
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A\ojv
.......................................
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F\nv {]nb-s
`Ww
]pv, ISe
..............................................
Fs
{]tXy-IX
- I
-
s]v kSw
hcpw
..............................................
13
R.P t{ImUo-I-cn-t-Xv
BIp-n-Ipw s]Ip-n-Ipw hyXy-kvX-amb tijn-I-fpw Ignhp-I-fpw Dv. imco-cnI BtcmKyw, am\-knI Btcm-Kyw, am\-kn-I-amb
{]k--X, kzmX-{y-t_m-[w, kpc-n-X-Xz-t_m-[w, kmaq-ly-\oXn, BZiw,
aqey-t_m[w Fn-h-bn- Ipn-I-fn G-p-d-n-ep-I Dv. Ah-bp-ambn
s]mcp--s-S-W-sapw Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb A-cow \mw Xs ]cp-h-sSpnsbSp--W-sapw Ipn-Isf t_m[y-s-Sp--Ww.
14
skj 2
Xbo-`mhw (Empathy)
kabw: 30 an\nv
Dt-iy-
kmaq-lnI {]Xn-_--X, am\-ho-b-X, kvt\lw, B{Z-X XpSn-bh Bm-ambn {]mhn-I-am-phm Xbo-`mhw
(empathy) hf-tc--Xpv Fv t_m[y-s-Sp-Xn\v.
Pohn-X-ns B-cn-Ihpw `uXn-I-hp-amb KpW-tabmWv
Hcp cmjv{S-ns ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS am\-Z-WvU-. Ah hfcp-hm X-a-bo`mh-n Dun-bp Nn-I-fpw {]h-\fpw AXy-m-t]-n-XamsWv a\-n-em-n-sm-Sp-p--Xn\v
]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
t]
Nmv
RP hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
{]h\w 5
A[ym-]-I Hcp kw`hw hnh-cn-p-p.
"tdmU-cn-In-eqsS \S-p-t]m-Ip Hcp kv{Xo. {]tZiw s]mXpsh hnP-\am-Wv. s]sp IpXn-s-nb tamtm ssknfns CSn-tbv Ah
sXdn-p-ho-gp-p. Kpcp-X-c-ambn ]cn-tv \ne-hn-fn-p Ah-cpsS B`-c-W tamtm ssknImc Xn-sb-Sp-v Xncnv IpXnp-p. IS-pt]mb hgn-bm-{X-m CXv Ku\n-n-. Ipdv kabw Ignv Hcp s]mXp{]-h-I Xs hml-\-n AXp-hgn hcp-p. kv{Xosb Ip Imcy At\z-jn-p-p. Ah hnn hnn \S Imcy-- Hcp hn[w ]d-
15
Nm-kq-NI
-
-
Cu kw`-h-n GsXmw hyn-Isf \mw ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p? Ah
Bsc-m-am-Wv?
ChcpsS kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-I Fsmw?
A\p-I, Xbo-`mhw Fnh thXn-cn--dn-bhn[w Fsms
A\p-`-h- Ipn-Ipv?
RP
hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h/ t{ImUo-I-cn-t-h
1.
2.
3.
16
A\p-Xm]w Ds-nepw X-bo`m-h-ambn AXv hfcp-n-. Fm sNdp-m-c\v ap-h-cpsS ZpxJ Fs-IqSn ZpxJambn A\p-`-h-s-Sp-p.
Atlns ho-W-n F\n-p--sXmw ap--hpw IqSn DXmWv. Fs ka-bhpw [\hpw kpJ--ku-I-cy-fpw ap--hpw Ah-Imi-s--Xm-Wv. a\p-jy-Xzhpw am\-ho-I-X-bvp-am-Wn-hnsS {]m[m\yw. hnim-eamb Nnm-K-Xn-bm-Wn-Xv.
sNdp--m-c A\p-Xm]w {]I-Sn-n-p-p [\hpw ka-bhpw a\pw
imco-cnI A[zm-\hpw Bm kvt\lhpw Zb-bp-samw apdn-th-- Bv
\Ip-p, AhcpsS thZ\ kzw thZ-\-bmbn ImWp-p, CXn-s\-bmWv
Xbo-`mhw F ]Zw sImv hnh-n-p-Xv Fv RP t{ImUo-I-cnWw
A[ym-]-I Hcp kw`hw IqSn hnh-cn-p-p.
kvIq hnSp ka-bv Ipn-I Iq-ambn ]pd-tv hcp kmlNcyw Hmp-I. Atm HcmIpn s]Ip-n-I-fpsS apn Aev]w
"ssj' sNp-hm sskn-fn\v thKw Iqp-Itbm Fs-nepw {]tXy-Iambn Imn-q-p-Itbm sNpp. Fm Ah Ah-cpsS a[y-n
adnp hogp-Ib
- mWv Dm-bXv Fv Icp-Xp-I. Fm-hcpw Nncn-pI kzm`mhn-I-am-Wv. Fm B Ipn-bpsS Imap-dnv cw hcn-I-bm-sW-n
lmkyw A\p-I-bvv (sympathy) hgn-amdpw \psS apJv lmkyw
ad-bp-Ibpw hnjmZw Dm-hp-Ibpw sNpw. ]nSn-s-gp-t]n-p-Ibpw
apdn-hp-I-fn acpp ]pc-p-hm-\p ko-I-c-W- Hcpp-Ibpw sNptm Cu A\p-I Xbo-`m-h-ambn (empathy) amdp-p.
RP hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
17
t{ImUo-Ic
- Ww
ZpxJn-p--h-tcm-sSmw ZpxJn-p-Ibpw XymKw kln-p--h-tcm-sSmw
XymKw kln-p-Ibpw kzw Xmev]-cy--tfm-sSmw A]-cs Xmev]-cy-fpw
kwc-n-p-hm {ian-p-Ibpw sNp-I-bmWv Xbo-`mhw sImv Dt-inp--Xv. {InkvXphpw _p\pw \_n-bp-samw \apv amXr-I-bmbn Xoc-Ww.
alm-m-Km-n, aZ sXtck XpS-n-b-h-cpsS Pohn-Xhpw \apv hgn-Im-nbm-th--Xm-Wv.
Iuam-c-{]m-b-m-cpsS CS-bn-ep {]iv\-v Ipsd-qSn {]m[m\yw
RP \I-Ww. A`n-am-\--Xw, kzIm-cy-X, A`n-am-\-t_m-[w, Iuamc {]iv\ imco-cn-Iw, am\-knIw Ch-bn-semw Xbo-`mhw F Pohn-X-ss\]pWn hfn Iuamc kaq-l-n Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb A-cow hfphm {ian--W-w.
18
skj 3
kKm-I Nnm-tijn (Creative Thinking)
kabw: 45 an\nv
Dt-iy-
\mw Fs\ Nnn-ppshpw krjvSn-]-c-amb \psS
Nnsb kzm[o-\n-p LS-I- (PohnX amXr-I-I,
am[ya, Iebpw kmln-Xy-hpw, aXw, ]cn-n-Xn, \nbaw
XpS-n-b-h) Fs-m-sapw Xncn--dn-bp--Xn-\v.
\nXyPohn-X-n \mw t\cn-Sp {]iv\sf kml-N-cy-\p-k-cnv {Inbm--I-ambn ]cn-l-cn-phm kKmI Nn-I \s klm-bn-p-p Fv t_m[y-s-Sp-Xn\v.
hn`-h-sf em`-I-c-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-p-hm\pw av PohnX
ss\]p-Wn-I-sf Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X-ambn {]tbm-P\-s-Sp-phm\pw kKm-I Nnm-tijn \s klm-bn-p-p Fv
t_m[y-s-Sp--Xn\v.
Htc kml-Ncys hyXykvXXe--fn \nv t\mnv {Inbm-Iambn {]Xn-I-cnp--Xn\v. kKm-I Nnmtijn {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-p--Xn-\v.
]T-t\m-]I
- c
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-
Nmv
t]
Nn{X-
{]h\w 6
Nm-kq-NI
-
-
k-bn-I-bn \nt]nncp 1500/ cq] XncnsI e`n-p. B ]Ww
\n GsXmw hn[-n sNe-h-gn-pw?
19
R.P t{ImUo-I-cWw
ap--h-cn \np hyXykvXambn-p-Xpw {]tXy-I-X-bp-Xpw AXpey-am-b-Xp-amb Nn-bmWv krjvSn-]-c-amb Nn (kKm-I Nn)
hnime hmb-\-bn-eqsS e`n-p Adn-hv, P-kn--ambn e`n-p
DmgvN (Insight) temI-]-cn-Nbw, A\p-`-h-m\w, AXn-cp-I-fnm A`n-hmRvO Fn-hbpw CXns B[m-c-ambn Icp-Xmw. hyXykvX-ambn Nnn-p-hm\pw kaql\sb IcpXn ]pXnb ]pXnb Ip]n-Sp-- \S-p-hm\pw CXv klm-bn-p-p.
{Inbm-I Nn-I a\p-jy-\-bvv D]-bp--am-I-Ww.
{]h\w 7
B.]n Xmsg sImSp-n-p Nn{Xw
Ipn-Isf ImWn-p-p.
Nn{X-n Fp-Im-Wpp? N
Fm- h cpw Htc coXn- b n- e mtWm
IXv?
hyXykvX coXn- b n- e mWv \mw
Nn{Xs I-Xv.
t{ImUo-Ic
- Ww
Hmtcm-cp-cpsSbpw C{nb kwthZ\w hyXy-kvX-am-sWv Is-pp.
20
{]h\w 8
"Rm apJy-a-{n-bm-bm' GsXms {]h-\-mWv apKW\ \IpI? Fp-sImv?
hyn-K-X-c-N\ 5 an\nv
s]mXp Ah-X-cWw N, Nmv
N-bn
Hmtcmcp-cp-sSbpw ImgvN-mSv/ PohnX hoWw
]mcn-n-Xn-I-t_m[w
aX--fpsS kzm[o\w
am[y-a--fpsS kzm[o\w Fnh Hmtcm cN-\-bnepw {]Xn-^-en-p-Xmbn t_m[y-s-Sp-p.
t{ImUo-Ic
- Ww
Hcp k`s \mw hnhn[ hoW tImWp-I-fn-eqsS t\mn-v
hymJym-\n-p-Ibpw {]Xn-I-cn-p-Ibpw sNpp. CXns\ Htsd LSI- kzm[o-\n-p-p. Bi-b-hn-\n-ab tijn, hyn-_-w, Aht_m[w Fn-h cN-\-I-fn {]Xn-^-en-pw.
{]ikvX kwKo-X-- kq_n salvX-bpsS Hmkv{S \S-p-I-bmbn-cp-p. Atlw Hcp ]\n-\oq-ame Igp-n-e-Wn-n-cp-p. Hmkv{S
D- m- b n- b n- s e- n- b - t m CX- f p- I - f - S v kwKoX hnZzms
Im NnXdn hoWp-sIm-n-cp-p. ImWn-In-S-bn-en-cp Hcm
Xs `mcy-tbmSv ]dp. ""Hmkv{S Ign-bp-tm Abm--fpsS Igpn Hcp NcSp am{Xta ImWp''
Atm AbmfpsS `mcy adp]Sn ]dp.
"Bbncnmw, ]s Atm Atlw tdmkmqhpIfpsS
at\mlcamb sabpsS taembncnpw \npI."
Fnt\mSpw \apv cphn[n {]XnIcnmw.
{InbmIambpw \ntj[mIambpw...
21
skj 4
hnai-\m-I Nnm-tijn (Critical Thinking Skills)
kabw: 45 an\nv
Dt-iy-
{]iv\-fpw hkvXp-X-Ifpw Imcy-Im-c-W-k-lnXw hnth-Nn-dnv hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb hni-I-e-\-n-\p Ignhv BnpXn\v.
aqey-{]-iv\-, ka-{]m-b-m-cn \np kw Ch
hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Xocp-am\w FSp-p-hm {]m]vX-cm-pXn\v.
A]-I-S-km-[y-X-bp Xocp-am-\- kzbw FSp-tn hcptm aqey--sf ASn-m-\-s-Spn ]p\-hn-Nn--\-n\p {]m]vXn t\SpXn\v.
]T-t\m-]I
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OHP/ Slides
t]
Nn{X-
{]h\w 9
Ipn-I Hcp hnt\m-Z-bm{X t]mIp-hm B{K-ln-p-p. RP DNn-X-amb
GsX-nepw ew \nt-in-p-I. GXp hml\ kuIcyw Gs-Sp-W-sa-mWv \n Hmtcm-cp-cpw Icp-Xp--Xv. A`n-{]mb
tiJ-cn-p-I. Im\-Sb
- m-bn t]mImw, km _n t]mImw, Imdn
t]mImw, Sqdnv _n t]mImw, s{Sbn-\n t]mImw. slen-tIm-]vdn t]mImw. As\ Ipn-I Ah-c-h-cpsS A`n-{]m-b- ]d-bpp.
Hmtcm bm{X-bvp-ap t\-fpw tIm-fpw, ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw km[y-XIfpw, km-nI em`hpw \jvShpw thXn-cnv t]mkn-ohv s\K-o-hv
F coXn-bn (+, -- ) Fgp-Xp-hm Ah-tcmSv Bh-iy-s-Smw. (hnai\m-I Nn-bn-eqsS hne-bn-cp-p-I.)
22
amXrI
{Ia\w
1
bm{Xm-ku-Icyw
Im\S
_kv
km[yX
1
2
3
1
2
3
]cn-anXn
1
2
3
1
2
3
Nm-kq-NI
-
-
BZys Xocp-am-\-n am-ap-mtbm?
Hcp Xocp-am\w FSp-p-tm-gp am\-knI {]{In-b-I GsXms?
t{ImUo-Ic
- Ww
Btem-Nnt Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-m-hq.
KpW-tZm-j-, km[yX-I, ]cn-an-Xn-I Fn-h ]cn-K-Wn--Ww.
FSp Xocp-am-\- ]p\x]cn-tim-[nv kzbw t_m[y-sSWw.
Ipn-Isf \mep {Kqp-I-fmbn Xncn-p-p. Hmtcm {Kqn\pw Xmsg ]dbp Hmtcm {]iv\- \Ip-p. {Kqn N sNbvXv Xocp-am-\-fpw
bpnbpw Ah-X-cn-n-p-p. ap {Kqp-Ipw {]Xn-I-cn-mw.
{]h\w 10
Iuamc {]mb-n-ep-ff Ipn-Isf BIjn- hn[-n-ep-ff hnhc-W-tm-Sp-IqSn Hcp knK-c-ns ]ckyw Sn.hn. bn {]Zin-n-pp.
B ]c-kysn hnai-\m--I-amb Hcp dntmv Xm-dm-m IpnI-tfmSv ]d-bp-I.
]mw mn ]Tn-p Hcp s]Ip-n-bpsS amXm-]n-Xm-v
Ahsf Hcp tUmIvS-dm--W-sav B{Klw. hfsc Zqsc-bp-ff Hcp ]W-n F{Skv tImnw-Kn\v tNm Ah- Ahsf Ahn-Ss
Hcp tlm-en Xma-kn-n-p-p. Cu kml-N-cy-s-p-dnv \nfpsS hnai-\m-I hnebn-cp-- Xm-dm-p-I.
\n-fpsS ASp- honse kkz`m-hn-bmb Hcp apXn Ipn, AbmfpsS hon amcp-an-m--tm \nsf Hcp hoUntbm t{]m{Kmw
ImWm Wn-p-p. Cu kml-N-cyn \n Fs\ {]Xn-Icnpw? Fp-sImv?
23
hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h/ t{ImUo-I-cn-t-h
DZmlcWw
kplrZv _- sXc-s-Sp-tn hcp-tm
GXp Nm\ ImWWsav B{K-ln-p-tm
el-cn-]-Zm- D]-tbm-Knp-hm Ah-kcw Inp-tm
GXp cmjv{Sob ]mn-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-bm-I-W-sav Nnn-ptm
GXp kn\na ImW-W-sav Nnn-p-tm
C-s\-bp Ah--bn \mw hkvXp-X-I hni-I-e\w sNbvXv
(hnai-\m-Iambn Nnnv) KpW-fpw tZmj-fpw thXn-cn-s-Spv a\pjy-\--bvpw, am\-hn-I-Xbvpw {]m[m\yw \Iph kzoI-cn-p-I. ]cnan-Xn-Ifpw km[y-X-Ifpw Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-p hynsb ASn-m-\-am-n-bmsWv {Klnv, A]-{K-Y-\-tijn ssIh-cnv thWw Xocp-am-\--fn-tev
sNs-t--Xv.
aqey- hnizm-k--fpambn _-s-n-cn-p-p. hynsb kw_nv BZi-fpw am\-Z-WvU-fpw {][m-\-am-sW--h Icp-Xp-p.
\n Fv \-Xm-sWpw Fv No-bm-sWpw Nnn-ppthm
AXmWv \n-fpsS aqey-
IqSp-X sa-s-Xpw D-c-hm-Zn- ]qW-hpamb Nn-ImWv \mw
-{]m-[m\yw \tI--Xv.
kv{Xobpw ]pcp-j\pw Xn-ep imco-cnI hyXymkw t]mse Nnm-KXn-I-fnepw hyXymkw DmImw. BIp-n-Ipw s]Ip-n-Ipw
hyXy-kvX-amb kmaq-ly Ihy--fp-v. hyXykvX aqeyt_m[-fmhmw Ahp--Xv. (k-aq-lhpw CXv AwKo-I-cn-p--Xn-\m
s]Ipn-Iv kaql a\-n BIp-n-Isf At]-nv ]cn-K-
24
W\ IqSp-XemWv). Ah hf-cp-tm kaq-l-n Ahv hyXykvX-amb tdmfp-I Dv. Ah aqey--fmbpw amdpw. B aqey-pw
Imem--c-n am-apmIpw. BIp-n-Ifpw s]Ip-n-Ifpw ]ckv]cw a\-n-em-t--h-cm-sW hkvXpX hfsc {]m[m-\y-alnpp.
elcn ]Zm-fpsS D]-tbm-Kw, tZmj-I-c-amb ]c-t{]-c-W, Agn-a-Xn,
kzP-\]
-
- ]
- m-Xw, aqey-Nyp-Xn, ssIq-en, A{I-a{- ]-h-\
- , AkmmKnI {]h-\- XpS-n-b-h-bn-semw hnai-\m-I Nnbn-eqsS tZmj-hi
-
- sf Xn-cn-d
- nv Ch-bvs-Xnsc Xocp-am-\s
- a-Sp-m
Ipn-I {]m]vX-cm-hWw.
25
skj 5
{]iv\-]-cn-l-cW tijn (Problem Solving Skill)
Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp- (Decision Making)
kabw: 45 an\nv
Dt-iy-
{]iv\ ]cn-l-c-W-n-\p hnhn[ L--sf-p-dnv [mcW
ssIh-cn-p--Xn\v
Adnhpw am\-kn-I-ti-jn-bpw D]-tbm-Knv hnNn-\w \Sn
{]iv\-n\v DNn-X-amb ]cn-lmcw ImWp--Xn-\p tijn
hfp-I.
kml-N-cy--\p-k-cnv Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-m-\p tijn
t\Sp--Xn-\v.
]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
Ib
t]
5 Xqhm-e-I
Nmv
{]h\w 11
5 Ipn-Isf tPn-tev Wn-p-I. 5 t]cp-tSbpw Ip-I Io^v
D]-tbm-Knv sIpI.
\of-ap Hcp Ib 5 t]cpsS Cu {Kqn\v \Ip-I. Ib ka-N-Xp-cn-em-p-hm Ah-tcmSv Bh-iy-s-Sp-I.
Cu Ap t]cpw kwkm-cn-p Imcy- tcJ-s-Sp-p-hm av
Ipn-I-fn \nv 5 t]sc Npa-X-e-s-Sp-p-I.
Adnhpw Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bhpw {]tbm-P-\-s-Spn Hcp Ipn ka-N-Xpc
\nm-W-ns t\XrXzw Gs-Sp-t-mw. Cu Ipn Ipn-Isf
kwL-Sn-nv \nmWw ]qo-I-cn-t-mw.
26
t{ImUo-I-cn-t-h
{]h\w 12
Xmsgd-bp Ipsd kml-N-cy- Ipn-I-fpsS Nn-bvmbn \Imw.
5 k`- Ipn-I-fpsS 5 {Kqn-\mbn \Ip-p. Hmtcm kml-N-cynepw
Ipn-I Fp sNpw? Ipn-I-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw Fm-bn-cnpw? {Kqn
N, Is- Ah-X-cn-n-, ap {Kqp-I-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-Ww, t{ImUo-Ic-Ww.
kml-Nc
- y-
$
\nv ImXp-Ip-Ww. \n-fpsS Iqp-Imcn \nsf ASpp tjmn-te-v sImp-t]mbn. tjmv I-tm \nv
aXnv tXmn-bn-. am{X-a, AWp-hn-ap--am-m kqNn-bn-eqsS
HIV / AIDS ]I-cp-sapw Hmp. ImXp-Ip-p BtfmSv
Unkvt]m-k_n kqNn D]-tbm-Kn-p-hm \n Bh-iy-sp
]t Abm- \nc-kn-p.
27
\n Fp-sNpw?
\nfpsS {]Xn-I-cWw F-s\-bm-bn-cnpw?
RP
hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h/ t{ImUo-I-cn-t-h
\mw Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-p kml-N-cy- ]e-Xm-Wv.
28
1.
kz-am-bp Xocp-am-\-
2.
ap--h-cpsS t{]c-W-bm Dh
3.
kaq-l-ns k-m Dh
2.
3.
4.
_Z {]h\w \nt-inmw
5.
6.
7.
8.
Ahsc Hgn-hmmw
9.
B kml-Ncyw Xs krjvSn-m-Xn-cn-mw.
10.
29
skj 6
Bibhn\n-ab tijn (Communication Skill)
kabw: 60 an\nv
Dt-iy-
^e-{]-Z-amb Bi-b-hn-\n-ab ss\]p-Wn-I hfp--Xn\v
Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-n Dm-tb-m-hp ]mI-n-g-hpIfpsS
kqvamw-i- t_m[y-s-Sp--Xn-\v.
^e-{]-Z-amb Bibhn\n-a-b-n\v Xm D]-tbm-Kn-p
hmp-I, tNjvS-I, {]I-Sn-n-p `mh- Fnh s]mcp-s-Sp-tm-gmWv ^e-{]m]vXn ssIh-cp-Xv Fv t_m[ys-Sp--Xn-\v.
BZi-\n-jvT-amb hynXz hnI-k-\-n\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb
Bi-b-hn-\n-ab tijn Bh-iy-am-sWv t_m[y-s-Sp--Xn-\v.
]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
t]
Nmv t]
{]h\w 13
Ipn-I-fn \nv 5 t]sc hnfnv ]pdv \np-hm Bh-iy-s-Spp. AXn \nv Hcmsf hnfnv RP Xmsg--d-bp JWvUnI hmbn-v
sImSpp-p. Fm ]pdv \np--h CXv tImXncn-m {in-Ww.
""tim`-bpsS hnhm-l
- n\v th ]cnp hmm tKm]m-te-s ISbn
t]mbn Xncn-p-h--tm kn-bn ]cn-n\p ]Icw ]-km-c-bm-Wp-mbn-cp-Xv''
30
{]{Inb XpS-cp-p.
D-c- Ch-bmImw
$
$
$
$
(RP Ch hni-Zo-I-cnv
tNmZn--Ww.)
$
$
$
$
$
]d-bp-Xv a\-n-em-Im-nv
tI-m-nv
{in-m-nv
ad-p-t]m-bnv
GIm-{KX e`n-m-nv
Ipn-I _l-f-ap-m-n-bnv
]d Imcy-n Xmev]-cy-an-mnv
k`m-Iw sImv
Hmn-m Ign-bm--Xp-sImv
{]h\w 14
XmsgsmSp-n-cn-p Pyman-Xob cq]-ns Nn{Xw Hcp Ipnsb
Gev]n-p-p. AXv {]Zin-n-msX B Ipn BwKyneqsS Nn{Xs
hnh-cn-p-p. ap--h CXns ASn-m-\-n
Nn{Xw hc-bvp-p. AXn-\p-tijw BwKy-n-eqsS
hnh-cn Ipn Nn{Xw {]Zin-n-p-p. ap--h
X hc Nn{X-hp-ambn CXns\ Xmc-Xayw sNpp. kmay hyXym-k--sf-p-dnv N.
31
Xmsg-]-d-bp hn[w aqv Ipdn-p-I Xbm-dmn tai-p-dv hbvpp. Hmtcmcp-cmbn ns-Spv hmbnv i_vZ-an-msX A`n-\-bn-pp. ImWn-I k`-sa-sp ]d-bp-p. ({]I-Sn-n hnIm-cw)
1
\nnX ka-b-n-\p-tijw hc GXm\pw Nn{X- {]Zin-n-pp. Dt-in Nn{Xw e`n-n-s-n hopw tNmZy-fpw \ntZ-i--fpam-hmw.
apI-fn]-d 4 {]h-\--fpsSbpw ASn-m-\-n Bi-b-hn\n-h-a-b-hp-ambn _-s hnhn[ {]h-\- mkn N sNpp. N-bn \nv Dcp-n-cn-bp {]iv\- Nmn t{ImUo-I-cnp-p.
RP
hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h/ t{ImUo-I-cn-t-h
^e-{]-Z-amb Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-n\v Bh-iy-amb LS-I-
$
Ah-X-cn-n-p Imcy-s-p-dn-p hy-X.
$
kzoI-mhn\v {Kln-m-hp am[yaw D]-tbm-Kn-
$
kt`mNnXambn hni-Zmw-i- \IWw
$
ico-c-`mj ^e-{]-Z-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-p-I.
$
Xm {]I- S n- n Bibw/ `mhw Xs- b mWv
kzoImhv {Kln-n-cn--p-Xv Fv Dd-p-h-cp--Ww.
Bibhn\nabn ]men-t acym-Z-I
$
{in-t Imcy- tIpI/ kzoI-cn-p-I.
$
ap--hv Bi-b-{]-I-S-\-n\v Ah-kcw \evIp-I.
$
kwhmZw Bi-b- Xn-em-I-Ww.
$
Xv icn-sbp tXmp A`n-{]mbw Xpdp ]dbm-\p k-X Dm-I-Ww.
$
kmaq-ln-I-ambn AwKo-Im-c-ap ]Z {]tbm-K- D]tbm-Kn-p--XmWv A`n-Imayw
$
sa-s IpSpw_ kmaqly _- cq]-s-Sp-m
anI Bib hn\n-a-b-tijn \s kmlm-bn-pw.
32
skj 7
hyn-_-- (Personal Relationship)
kabw: 30 an\nv
Iuamc{]mbmnSbn hyn_v hfsc {]m[m\yapv.
IpSpw_ _fpsS Xo{hX IpdbpIbpw kplrp Xnepw ]qcI
enwKns]- h Xnepap _fpsS Bghpw ]cpw IqSp
AhkcamWnXv. ]etmgpw Cu _ A]ISIcamb Ahbntev
\opIbpw A\m-tcm-Ky-I-chpw A\-`n-e-j-Wo-b-hp-amb A-co--n-tev
\bnsSmdpapv . AXpsImv Xs Iuamc {]mbmcpw hnhn[
Xenep hynIfpw Xnep _ F{Xtmfw BImw Fp
a\-n-em-Ww _fpsS AXnhcv ewLnptm ]mSn Fv
]dbm\p Ignhpw Iuamc {]mbm {]tXyInv s]IpnI
BntXmWv.
Dt-iy-
hyn_sfpdnv HuNnXyt_m[w IpnIfn hfn
sbSppI.
Hmtcm _fpsSbpw ]cn[n FhnsS hscsbv thXn-cn-dn-bp-I.
kaqln hnhn[Xcw _ Dspw AXn
Hmtcmnepw kaqlw FmWv {]XonpsXpw
a\nempI.
kulrZw, AanX {]Xn]n, kvt\lw, hnhmlw
Fnhsb]n a\nempI.
]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
t]
Nmv t]
{]h\w 16
IpnItfmSv kvt\lnsbpw hnhmlntbpw Hmtcm {]XoI
hcbvphm ]dbpI. X hc {]Xo-I--fpsS Bibw hy-amm Bh-iy-s-SpI.
33
{]h\w 17
Xmsgdbp tNmZy IpnIv ]Iv FSpv \IpI.
1.
2.
cp hynI Xnep _w
4.
5.
6.
RP
hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
34
kulrZw
FmWv Cu hmpsImv AampXv?
kplrv Fv hnfnpXmscbmWv?
Hcmfns hnImcfpw NnIfpw ]phbvphm Ignbph\mWv
kplrv. kplrv \s a\nemph\pw Dsmph\pamWv.
Abm hnizkv X \mWv . kplrZv _n sImSppI, FSppI
(]pshbv) Fnhbvv hfsc {]m[m\yapv.
{]Xn-]n (Infatuation)
imcocnIamtbm hnImc]camtbm DmIp BIjWobXbn \nv
DSseSpp Aamb ASpw ]etmgpw bpnv \ncmXmWv.
kvt\lw
kvt\lw a\pjys Ghpw at\mlcamb A\p`hamWv. Hcphs
tan\pw sFizcyn\pw CXv AXymt]nXamWv . kv t \lw
\nkzm-am-I-Ww. bYmY _--fn Ign-hp-I am{X-a ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw
]c-kv]cw AwKo-I-cn--s-Sp-p-v. AXv amXm]nXmfpw Ipp--fp-ambn-mImw, ktlmZc\pw ktlmZcnbpambpamImw, Kpcpinjy_amImw, a\pjys BXy-nI `mh-amWv kvt\lw. AXns {]IS\ hyXy-kvX-amWv.
hnhmlw
hnhmlw ]c-kv]cw ]p-shpw s]mcp--spw Pohn-m-\p Hcp
hyh-s
- -Se
- m-Wv. ]qWamb Hm-Ie
- m-Wv. AXv BhiysSpXv, kvt\lnm\pw kvt\lnsSm\pamWv, ]IzXbpw hnphogvNbpamWv.
{]h\w 18
Xmsg ]dbp k`-ns ASn-m-\-n s]mXp-N.
hyn-_---fn {in-t Imcy- Fsmw?'
RP hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h/
t{ImUo-I-cn-t-h
35
36
skj 8
hnIm-c--fpsS \nb-{-Ww (Coping with Emotions),
am\-knI kwLj--fpsS \nb-{Ww (Coping with Stress)
kabw: 45 an\nv
Dt-iy-
sshIm-cnI {]h-\- DS-se-Sp-p hn[hpw AXns
Imc-Whpw t_m[y-s-Sp--Xn\v
sshIm--cnI {]iv\- Iuam-c-m-cpsS hf-sbbpw hnImk-sbpw _m[n-p--sX--s\-sbv t_m[y-s-Sp--Xn-\v.
am\-knI ]ncn-ap-dpw hfv am\-knI X-ambn amdm-Xn-cnp-Xn-\p ]cn-io-e\w \Ip-Xn\v.
Iuam-c-m-cnse am\-knI kwLj--fpsS Imc-Whpw Ah
eLq-I-cn-m-\p imkv{Xo-b-am-fpw Xncn--dn-bp--Xn\v
]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
t]
sImfmjv
Nmv
hnIm-c
- f
- psS \nb-{Ww
{]h\w 19
tlm-en \np e`n `-W-n Hcp ]msb Is-p-p.
\n Fs\ {]Xn-I-cnpw?
s]mXp N {]Xn-I-c-W-
CtX kml-Ncyw \n-fpsS A hnf-n-X `-W-n Dm-hptm F-s\-bm-bn-cnpw \n-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-?
N
{]Xn-I-c-W--fn Fs-nepw hyXym-k-ap-m-hptam? Fm-bn-cnpw
hyXym-k-?
37
{]h\w 20
Ipn-Isf 5 {Kqp-I-fm-p-p. Xmsg-]-d-bp 5 hnImc hntm-`-
Dm-Im-\n-S-bmb GsX-nepw Hcp-\p-`hw N-sNbvXv Is-p-p.
$
`bw
$
DIWvT
$
tIm]w
$
\ncmi
AXn-t\mSv {]Xn-I-cn coXn
A\-c ^e- N sNp-p. Ah-X-cn-n-p-p.
amXm-]n-Xm- Cs\ s]cp-am-dpXv Fp-sIm-m-sWv hnth-I]qw hni-I-e\w sNp-I.
X\nv GsX- nepw hn[- n tZmjw sNp- - X mtWm Ccw
{]h-\--sfv hni-I-e\w sNp-I.
Ccw Xocp-am-\--sf-Sp-p-Xpw XpSp-mb am\-knI kwLjfpw Iuam-c-{]m-b-ns {]tXy-I-X-bm-tWm.
kplr-p--fp-ambn Ccw Imcy- ]p-h-bvp-Xv am\-knI
kwLjw Ipd-bvm klm-bn-ptam?
hnt\m-Z--fn-tes-Sp-Xpw hnizm-kfn apgp-Ip-Xpw am\-knI
kwLjw eLq-I-cn-mtam?
RP
hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h/ t{ImUo-I-cn-t-h
hnIm-c- a\p-jy-k-l-P-amWv
Nne {]tXyI kml-N-cy--fpsS (am\-kn-I-tam, `uXn-Itam Bbn
k--fm Ch DW-cp-Ibpw Pzen-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
]e-tmgpw AXv \psS \nb-{--p-d-tv hf-cp-p.
Ah Xosc Btcm-Ky-I-c-a-m coXn-bn \mw {]I-Sn-n-p-p.
Cu ioew ]e sshIm-cnI {]iv\--fn-tepw \s \bn-p-p.
a\-n ambm X--fp-m-m CXv Imc-W-am-Ip-p.
A\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-amb hnImc {]I-S-\-sf \nb-{n-m \mw hnth-I]qw Nnn-p-Ibpw am\-knI kwXp-e\w ]pep-Ibpw thWw.
38
IpSpw_n\pw kaq-l-n\pw ]c-kv]c [mc-W-tbmsS Pohn-m ap-h-cpsS hnIm-c- IqSn ]cn-K-Wnv {]hn-tn hcpw
Cs\ sshIm-cn-I-ambn kwXp-en-X-ambn Pohn-m-\p ]cn-io-e\w
Iuam-c-{]m-b-n Xs Bcw-`n-t--Xp-v.
kwLj-f
- psS \nb-{Ww
{]h\w 21
RP Xmsg-]-d-bpXcw kml-N-cy- mkn Ah-X-cn-n-p-p. s]mXpN \S-p-p.
BZy-ambn cm{Xn kn\n-abvp t]mb 9mw mknse Atim-I hon
Xncn-s-n-b-tm A-\--am hmsX hgv ]d-bp-Ibpw iIm-cn-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Atim-I bmsXmcp Iqk-ep-an-msX \np. ASp--bmgvN AtimI CXmhn-p. amXm-]n-Xm- A[ym-]-I-tcmSv ]cm-Xn-s-p. A[ym-]I Atim-Is\ s]Ip-n-I IqSn ]Tn-p mkn hv ]c-ky-ambn
tNmZyw sNbvXp. Atim-I hon-se-n-bXv ZpxJnX-\m-bm-Wv. ]ntv Xeth-Z-\-bm-sWv ]dv Ah kvIqfn t]mIm-Xn-cp-p.
cm{Xn kn\n-abvv t]mIm t{]cn-n LSIw Fm-bn-cn-pw?
amXm-]n-Xm- hg-v]-d-Xv Fp-sIm-m-bn-cnpw?
Atim-Is Cu {]hrnsb \n Fs\ ImWpp?
]ntv mkn t]mIm-Xn-cp--Xns bYm ImcWw Fm-bn-cnpw?
Atim-Is m\v \n-fm-bn-cp-s-n \nv Fsmw am\knI {]iv\- Dm-Ip-am-bn-cp-p?
Ccw {]iv\- XcWw sNm \n Fsmw sNp-am-bncpp?
RP Cu {]iv\- t_mUn tcJ-s-Sp-p-p.
N
Iuam-c-Imek-w FhnsS \nsmw Dm-Imw F \nK-a-\-nse-pp.
$
kplr-p-
kvIq
am[y-a-
Ip-Spw_w
39
kwLj- Cm-Xm-m
KpW-tZm-j-hn-Nn-\w \S-pI
hnai-\m-Iambn Nnn-
{Inbm--I-ambn Nnn-
\ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-
kwLj--tfmSv s]mcp--s-Sm Xmsg-d-bp D]m-[n-I sXcsSpm-hp--Xm-Wv.
[ym\w
kwKoXw
tbmK
hymbmaw
ktm-j-I-c-amb ap A\p--`-h--fn-tev a\-p-sIm-p aS--bm{X
hnt\m-Z-bm{X
]ptm \nmWw ]cn-]m-e\w
kn\na
sSen-hn-j t{]m{Km-ap-I
_p-an-{Xm-Zn-I, A[ym-]-I Fn-h-cp-ambn {]iv\- ]p-shbv
IemImbnI hnt\m-Z--fn Gs-S
aZy-]m\w, ab-p-a-cp-v, av A\m-im-ky -{]-h-\- Fn-h-bn
Gsv Hcn-epw at\m-kw-Lj--tfmSv s]mcp--s-Sm {ian--cp-Xv.
Zpc-
- f
- n-eqsS \jvSs
- -h
- s
- bmpw el-cn-bn-eqsS Xncn-p-In-p-Ib
- n F
kXyw RP i-ambn Ipn-Isf {Kln-n--Ww.
sshIm-cn-I\n-b-{-Ww km[y-a-m kml-N-cy-n \nv DS-se-Spp asmcp am\-knI {]{In-b-bmWv am\-knI ]ncn-ap-dp-w. "Icp-Xp-Xv
sNm Ign-bp-n' F Ah--bn \nmWv CXv Dm-Ip--Xv.
Xcp-Xv kzoI-cn-p--Xn \nv, CjvS-ap-Xv sXc-s-Sp-p
]p BtKm-f-h-XvI-c-W-n-s, Itm-f-kw-kvIm-c-ns bpK-n-emWv
\mw Pohn-p-Xv. am[y-a-fpw Nm\-ep-I-fpw, thjhn[m\fpw, `-W{I-afpw, hnt\m-Z-fpw Fp-th a\p-jy\v Bh-iy-ap--sXpw sXcs-Sp-p-hm-\p kzmX{yw Cv a\p-jy-\p-v. ]t Fm-n-tbpw
e`yX sXp-Ifn-tepw a\p-jy\v A]-ISw hcp-p, sXc-s-Sp-p-I-fn-
40
41
`mKw Iuamc{]mbmcpsS
2A hf
skj: 1
Iuamc{]mb-m-cpsS hf
imcocnI am - s]Ipn ...........................
imcocnI am BIpn ...........................
skj: 2
Iuamc hf
am\knI kmaqlnI am...............................
amfpsS ASnm\n
Iuamcmcn Iphcp s]cpam
khntijXI....................................................................
skj: 3
IuamcmcpsS {]iv\fpw ]cnlmcfpw:
imcocnI {]iv\/ {]Xnhn[nI
s]IpnI, BIpnI. ..............................
am\knI, kmaqlnI {]iv\
/ ]cnlmc......................................................................
42
\nti
!
kXy-k
- X ]pep-Ibpw tNmZy-v kXy-k
- a- mb Dc- Ipn-I-tfmSv ]d-bp-Ibpw thWw.
\ntiw
43
skj 1
Iuam-c-{]m-b-nse imco-cnI hf
imcocnI am: s]Ipn, BIpn
kabw: 1aWnq
skj 1A
(s]Ip-n-Iv A[ym-]nI mkv \S-pp)
Dt-iy-
Iuamc ImeLn s]IpnIfnepw BIpnIfnepw
DmIp imcocnI hyXnbm\sfn [mcW ssIhcnpp.
]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
OHP / Slide
Chart
Nn{X
{]h\w 1
Hcp tNmZysn shv AXn skj Ignbptmtgpw
kwib FgpXnbnSm BhiysSpp.
tNmZy-sn
ImUvt_mUv/ IS-emkv sImp-m-nb Hcp-s]n
mkn apgp-h Ipn-Ipw ImsI Hcp ev hbvW
- w.
Ipn-I Ahp \Inb IS-em-kn Ah-cpsS tNmZy-/ kwi-b-
Fn-h kzX-{-ambn FgpXn tNmZy-s-n-bn \nt-]n--Ww.
kwi-b
- / tNmZy- kzX-{-ambn Fgp-Xm Ah-kcw \I-Ww.
amdn-bn-cptm, H-bvtm, Iqmtbm N-sNbvtXm tNmZy- Xm-dm-mw.
tNmZy- Fgp-Xm 10 an\nsnepw \I-Ww.
tNmZy--fn/ kwi-b--fn Ipn-bpsS t]cv Fgp-tX--Xn-sv {]tXyIw
\nt-in-W
- w.
Nne skj-\p-Iv aptm-Sn-bmtbm CSthf-If- ntem Ah-km-\tam (skjs
khn-ti-jX
- b
- \
- p-kc
- n-v) tNmZyw \nt-]n-mw.
kwib \nhm-cWw
tNmZy-pw kwi-b
- pw icnbpw imkv{Xo-bh
- p-amb {]Xn-Ic
- W
-
-
B.-]n. \Ip-p.
ko-amb {]iv\- amn shmw. (a\ximkv{X-, tUmIvSam
XpS-nb hnZ-Kv[ adp-]Sn ]d-tb--h)
amn-sh tNmZy- B.-]n. Fgp-Xn-sb-Sp--Ww, tNmZy- apgp-h IpnI ImsI \in-n-p- I-f-b-Ww.
44
tNmZyw:
cabvv A\p`hsXpt]mse Nnm--p-gw \nv
Ftmsgnepw A\p`hsnptm?
IpnI GXm\pw A\p`h ]pshpp.
{]h\w 2
{Kqv N / R.P t{ImUoIcWw
IpnIsf 5t] DsSp {KqpIfmpI.
Hmtcm {Kqn\pw hvjov \Ip-p.
hvjo-n
1
45
46
K`mibns amwk t]in`nn ]pjvSnsSpp. K` Imev hfcp {`qWs Dsmphm\pw {]kh kabv iniphns\
]pdtv Xm\pw Ignbp hn[amWv CXns hf. AtXm-sSmw
tbm\n\mfw hnIknpIbpw AXns DkvXc Inbp--Xm-IpIbpw, tbm\n \mf{Zh AKpWapXmbn amdpIbpw sNpp.
ssewKnI ]IzX{]m]nptXmsS Amibn Aw cq]sv
]mI-ambn ]pdphcpp.
GXmv 10 16 hbn\pn anhmdpw amkapd (Bhw)
Bcw`npp. BZys Bhs ""sa\mn'' Fp]dbpp.
t]mjImlmcw, BtcmKynXn, ]mccyw XpSnbh A\pkcnv
Bhw t\ctbmIpItbm, XmaknpItbm sNmw. BZy Hp
cp hjw Bhw {Iaw sXn hcmw.
ssewKnI hfsb XpSv Hmtcm amkhpw K`mibw {`qWs
kzoIcnm\mbn XmsdSpp \Spp. _oP ke\w \SmsX
hcptm K`mibn\pnse BhcWw s]mn AXnep cw
tbm\nbneqsS ]pdtsmgpIpp. CXmWv Bhw. \mtem
Atm Znhkw \op\np Bhw 2830 Znhkn
Hcn kw`hnpp. {]Xyp]m-Z-\-hy-h--bpsS kzm`m-hn-Ihpw
Btcm-Ky-]-c-hp-amb {]h-\-ns sXfn-hp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv. Nne-cn
Cu Ime-b-f-hn hn am\-knI kwLj- A\p-`-h-s-Sp-p.
BhtmS\p_nv sNdnb Afhn ASnhbn thZ\,
\SpthZ\, Onm\p {]hWX, ImepIfn \ohogvN, kvX\n
thZ\ ChbpmImw. Chsb Bh ]q eW (Pre Menstrual
Syndrome) Fp ]dbmw.
skj 1B
BIp-n-Iv A[ym-]I mkv \S-pp
Dt-iy-
Iuamc ImeLn s]IpnIfnepw BIpnIfnepw
DmIp imcocnI hyXnbm\sfn [mcW ssIhcnpp.
]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
OHP / Slide
Chart
Nn{X
47
tNmZyw:
_m_p-hn\v A\p`hsXpt]mse Nnm-p-gw \nv
Ftmsgnepw A\p`hsnptm?
48
OHP Chart
49
50
skj 2
Iuamcmcnse am\knI,
kmaqlnI am
kabw 1 aWnq
Dt-iyw
Iuamcmcn DmIp am\knIhpw kmaqlnIhpamb
amsfpdnv [mcW e`npXn\v.
]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
Iuamc {]mbnse IpnIfpsS PohnXnse Nne
k` FgpXn XmdmnbXv.
{]h\w 3
B. ]n. Xmsg-sm-Sp-n-cn-p k`w Nmn-se-gpXn
AhXcnnpp.
Hcp hnZym- e - b - n Iuk- e nwKv \S- m- s \- nb n\n-
ssktm-f-Pn-n-t\mSv Hcp Ipn tNmZn tNmZyw t\mq.
k F\nv ]T-\-n {in-m km[n-p-n-. ]pkvXIw Xpd-ptm Fs mknse Hcp IpnbpsS apJw a\-n-se-p-p. CS-nsS
Ahs\/ Ah-sf-p-dnv Hmp-Ibpw Hnepw ]q-{i sNep-m
Ign-bm-sX-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXp-sImv Xs cn-Xm--fn
\npw A[ym-]-I-cn \npw F\nv iImcw tItn hn-p-v.
F\n-n-s\ tXmp-Xv Fp-sIm-m-Wv k? Rm hfsc tami-mc-\m-b-Xp-sIm-mtWm? Ccw Btem-N-\-Isf amn-sb-Sp-m Fp-sN-Ww?
N-bn Cu Ipn-bpsS am\-kn-Im-h hni-I-e\w sNm {ianq. \npw CXp-t]mep A\p-`-h- Dm-bn-ptm? Cu Ipnv
Fp adp-]-Sn-bmWv \nv \Im-\p-Xv?
t{ImUo-Ic
- Ww
CXv XnIpw kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv.
51
R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
am\knI, kmaqlnI am
icoc kev]w
kzX{y-hm-PvObpw, cn-Xm--tfm-Sp AIbpw
t\- Bn-p--Xn\p thn-bp- _mly kw
]qcI enwKnshtcmSp BIjWw
ssewKnI Imcyfnep Pnmk
kml-knIamb {]hrnIfntesSpXn-\p {]h-WX.
am\knIhpw _pn]chpw hnImc]chpamb ]IzXbntep
hfbpsS Hcp ImeLw IqSnbmWv IuamcImew. XfpsS imco-cnI
am\- k nI Xe- - f n kw`- h n- p amsfnbp DXv Wv T
Iuamcmcn sshImcnI kv ImcWamIpw.
icoc kev]w
aphcpsS apn XfpsS icocw Fns\ {]XyamW
sap Hmtcm s]IpnbpsSbpw BIpnbpsSbpw hyn]camb
[mcWbmWv icockev]saXv. Cu {]mbn icoc {]IrXnsbn
Ah hfsc DWvTmIpecmWv. aphcpambn icoc`mK XmcXayw
sNpI, kn\namXmcs t]msebmIm (XSnIpdbvm) UbnMv sNpI,
IqpImcptSXp t]msebp thjw [cnpI, Ftmgpw ImSn t\mpI
XpSnbh IuamcmcpsS {]t{XyIXbmWv.
BIjIamb hynXzsaXv icoc {]IrXs am{Xw B{i-bn-np--X-sv t_m[ysSppI.
52
aqey-t_m[w cq]-s-p-hc
- p \nm-bI Ime-L- a- mWv Iuam-cw.
CXn-\m IpSpw-_m-c
- o-
- n\v henb {]m[m-\y-amWv DXv.
t\- Bn-p-Xn\p-th-n-bp _mly-k-w
Iuam-c-Imew `mhn-Po-hnXw Icp-n-Sn-n-p--Xn \nm-bI L-amWv
AXn-\m Ah \nc--c-amb _mly-k--v hnt[-b-cm-Ip-p. CXv
{]tXyIw ]cn-K-Wn-t hnj-b-am-Wv. Nne cn-Xm- Ah-cpsS B{Kl
]qn hcp-m-\p D]-I-c-W--fmbn Ipn-Isf ImWp-p. CXp Ipn-IfpsS hyn-Xzhn-Im-k-n\p XS--am-hp-p.
53
hnhm-l]
- q ssewKnI _w AS-a- p {]h-WX
- I
- \psS kwkvImc-n\pw aqey k]-pw \nc-p--X.
CXn \np Xopw ]nmdm Ignbmh IuknenwKn\v
hnt[bcmtIXmWv.
54
kzmX{y Xzc
imcocnI, am\knI, kmaqlnI hfbpsS ]cnWmaLambXn\m
Iuamcmcn kzmX{yhmPvO hf-sc-b-[nIw ImWmw. cnXmfn \nv
hnv ka{]mbmcntepw ]pXnb hnizm-km-Nm-c--fn-tepw \opp.
hynXzw
Iuamcm XfpsS s]cpamneqsS enwK]camb hyXncn-Xbpw
(Gender identity), {InbmI icoc kev]hpw Bm`nam\ t_m[hpw
{]ISampp. "Rm BcmWv' "Rms\mWv'? Fo tNmZyp
XpSbmb At\zjWnemWv Iuamcm Ftmgpw.
kulrZw
kvt\lnm\pw kvt\lnsSm\pap Xzc {]ISampp. ap-h-cp-ambn Bgnep _w krjvSnm {ianpp.
ka{]mbmcnep B{inXXzw
kzw hynXzw m]nsSpm\pw XfpsS kzmX{yw
{]Xn^ennphm\pambn ka{]mbmcpambp Nmn\v apKW\
\Ipp. Iuam-c-m-cn aqey-t_m-[-hpw, kmaq-ly-h-c-Whpw krjvSnp--Xn ka-{]m-b-m \nWm-bI kzm[o\w sNep-p-p. AtX kabw
]pI-h-en, aZy-]m\w XpS-nb Zpo-e- Bcw-`n-p-Xpw ka-{]m-b-mcpsS k-n\v hg-n-bm-Wv. Ccw k`-sf AXn-Po-hn-p--Xn\p kzbw {]Xn-tcm-[-tijn Iuam-c-L--n Bn-t--Xp-v.
_pnin
Iuamcmcn [njWm tijnbpw kKm--I-ti-jnbpw hnpXv
AhcpsS s]cpamn {]Xn^enpp. tIheamb XzhnNmc
Dsmm\pw A\pam\hpw bpnbpw hnthNnv a\nemm\pw Ch
{]m]vXcmIpp. CsXmw Iuam-cmcn Bm`nam\w DbpXn\v
ImcWamIpp.
55
skj 3
Iuam-cmcpsS {]iv\-fpw ]cn-lm-c-fpw
kabw: 1aWnq
Adnhnmbvabpw {ibnmbvabpw Iuamcmsc ]e {]iv\--fntepw \bnmdpv. AXpt]mse hrnbnmbva Nne tcmKfntepw
\bnpp. A[ym]Icpw cnXmfpw Cu Ln Ipnv icnbmb
am\nti \IWw. imco-cnI hf-bp-ambn _-s-pw IpSpw_
kmaqly Pohn-X-hp-ambn _-spw Iuam-c-m-cn hnhn[ am\-knI {]iv\ DS-se-Sp-m-dp-v.
Dt-iyw
IuamcmcpsS imcocnI, am\-kn-I, kmaq-lnI hfsbbpw
{]iv\--sfbpw A\p-_ {]Xnhn[nIsfbpw ]n [mcW
e`npXn\v.
]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
{]iv\, {]Xnhn[nI Fgp-Xnb ImUp-I
tNmZysnbnse tNmZy
{]h\w 4a
s]Ip-n-Iv A[ym-]nI mkv \S-p-p.
RP Hmtcm {]iv\fpw {]Xnhn[nIfpw FgpXnb ImUpI
Xmdmn {KqpIfn \Ipp. {Kqn NsNpp.
{Kqn \npw 2 t] tUmIvS, tcmKn F coXn-bn
tdmt Ah-X-cn-npp. XpSv A.-]n. hni-Zo-I-cn-p-p.
tNmZysnbn \nv e`np tNmZypw RP hniZoIcWw
\tIXmWv.
R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
tdmt-bn hy-am-Im Imcy- RP CS-s]v ka-{K-am--Ww.
56
apJpcp
s]IpnIsf hfscb[nIw Aep HmWv Iuamcn apJp
{]XysSp Ipcp. CXhcpsS kucy {]iv\w IqSnbmWv. ]c-kynepw apw ImWp Fpw hmn D]tbmKnm Cu kabv Ah
XmdmIpp. CXv kmnI \jvSn\pw AePn apXembhpw
ImcWamImw. tlmtam {]h\ ^eambmWv apJpcp DmIpXv.
aq{Xnse AWp_m[
aq{Xw HgnmsX IqSpX kabw ]nSnp \npI, shw
IpSnmsXbncnpI, Kply`mKs ipNnXzpdhv XpSnbh aq{Xnse
AWp_m[bvv ImcWamIpp. ZoLt\cw CdpInb ASnhkv{X
[cnptm hnbv \\bphm\p km[yX IqSpw.
CXpw
AWp_m[bvv ImcWamIpw.
eW
Fcnn
iamb ]\n
hndb
On
XethZ\
hcmXncnm
IqSpX kabw aq{Xw HgnmsX CcncpXv.
hrnbp tSmbvepI D]tbmKnpI
IpnIv Bhiyaptm aq{Xw HgnpXn\v
sImSppI.
kuIcyw
57
hm
tUmIvSsd Iv NnIntXtSXv BhiyamWv.
icocZpKw
AanX hnbns Kw Ahchpw aphpw Ak-ly-X-bp-fhmpw. km[mcWbmbn hnbv ZpKapX. Fm _mIvSo-cn-bmbpsS hf {]tXyInv Ifn hnbns\ ZpKapXmpp.
CsXmgnhmm
Znhkhpw 2 t\csanepw IpfnpI
hmbpkmcw XSsSpm Ab tIm hkv{X
[cnpI
hkv{X IgpIn shbnev DWpI
]gfpw ]dnIfpw [mcmfw D]tbmKnpI.
Znhtk\ 8 mkv shw IpSnpI
Ipfnp shn \mcm\ocv tNpI.
thns Ce, bqmenvkv F, cmans thcv Fnh
Ipfnphm\p shn 2-3 aWnq Cv hXn\ptijw
IpfnpXv \XmWv.
hnf (A\oanb)
Ccpv k ns Ipdhv hnfv ImcWamIpp. tcmKeWw
It]mfIp-nse \nd hyXymkw t\mnbmednbmw.
eW
Dtjpdhv
hninmbva
XethZ\
XeIdw
Bbmksm InXv.
]cnlmcw
Nocbne, apcnbne, XpSnb CednI Znhkhpw IgnpI.
ISe, Cugw, DWapncn, Xna, ayw (Abe,
an) amwkw, ic Ch Blmcn IqSpX DsSppI.
58
^wKkv _m[
hrnbnmbvabmWv ^wKkv _m[bpsS {][m\ ImcWw.
ImcW
\mbn DWm ASnhkv{Xw [cnpI
Bh kabs ipNnXzanmbva
aeaq{Xhnk\n\ptijw {i-bn-m-sX-bp hrn-bm
]cnlmcw
Bh kabv sdUnsabvUv \m]vInkv D]tbmKnph
CSnsS amdm {inpI.
XpWn D]tbmKnph AXv NqSpshn IgpIn \
shbnen DWn D]tbmKnpI.
aeaq{Xhnk\n\ptijw apn \nv ]pdtImv F
coXnbn hrnbmpI.
IgnhXpw tIm ASn hkv{X D]tbmKnpI.
sht]mv
sht]mv Ahnk\ kabpw, Bhn\p appw
IqSpXembncnpw. km[mcW KXnbn Cu {khw \ndanmXpw
sXfnXpw hgphgppXpw ZpKanmXpamWv. CXn AWp_m[
Dm-Ip-tm-gmWv ZpKw DmIpXv. ZpKaptXm, a, ] Fo
\nd- a p- tXm, \pctbmSpIqSnbtXm, cw IetXm BsWn
tUmIv S dpsS klmbw tXSpI. (Anbpcpw Ft]cnepw CXv
]dbpsanepw Anbpambn CXn\v bmsXmcp _hpan.)
Ddpdhv
]ncn-ap-dp-hpw, hnjm-Z-hp-ap Ipn-Iv Ddpdhv DmIm\p
km[yX IqSpXemWv . Ddpdhv ]T\s _m[npp. Ddp
kabmWv hfm tlmtamWpI {][m\ambpw D]mZnnsSpXv.
Ddpdhv tlmtamWpIfpsS D]mZ\n\v XSamIpw.
{int Imcy
InSpapdn Ddm am{Xw D]tbmKnpI.
Ddm t\cw Ab hkv{X [cnpI.
59
apJtcma hf
A]qw s]IpnIfn {insSp Xcn apJtcma
hfbpmImw. Xosc IpdhmsWn AhKWnpItbm hon e`yamb
hkvXp IkvXqcn a, \mcm \ocv XpSnbh D]-tbm-Knv \nb{npItbm sNmhpXmWv.
Bhw Cmbva
Bhw XpSmXncnpItbm XpSnbXv \npItbm
sNpXmWv Cu Ah. 15-17 hbn\pn Bhw XpS-n-bns-n hnZKv[]cntim[\ BhiyamWv. ssewKnI _-n-tes-Smdphcn K`[mcWamWv Cu Ahv {][m\ ImcWw.
Bh ]qeW
CXv ssZ\wZn\ {]h\sf _m[n hn[n
Xo{hamsWn am{Xw tUmIvSdpsS klmbw tXSpI. (refer page no. 21)
Bh thZ\
K`mibn tlmtamWpIfpsS {]h\^eambn Bh
kabtm AXn\p aptm ]ecnepw ASnhbn thZ\ A\p`hsSpp.
Nnecn CXv \nmchpw ap Nnecn Xo{hhpambncnpw. Xo{hthZ\bp
h tUmIvSdpsS klmbw tXtSXmWv.
icochfbnse kam\Xbnmbva
icoc`mKfnse kam\Xbnmbva sNdnb Afhn km[mcWamWv.
CXv am\knI hnjan\v ImcWamtXn. DZm: kv X \fpsS
henhyXymkw, AbmImt\m apebqmt\m D Ignhpambn bmsXmcp
_hpan.
60
IuamceW {]XysSmXncn
]mccy ImcWfm Iuamcns XpSw IpnIfn hfsc
t\cttbm, hfsc sshIntbm Bhmw. CmcWm Htc mn Xs
Iuamchf ]qnbmbhscbpw Amhscbpw ImWmw. s]
IpnIfn 1617 Ignnpw IuamceW {]XysSpnsn
hniZamb ]cntim[\bvv tUmIvSsd ImtWXmWv.
{]h\w 4b
BIp-n-Iv A[ym-]I mkv \S-p-p.
RP Hmtcm {]iv\fpw {]Xnhn[nIfpw FgpXnb ImUpI
Xmdmn {KqpIfn \Ipp. {Kqn NsNpp.
{Kqn \npw 2 t] tUmIvS, tcmKn F coXn-bn
tdmt Ah-X-cn-npp. XpSv A.-]n. hni-Zo-I-cn-p-p.
tNmZysnbn \nv e`np tNmZypw RP hniZoIcWw
\tIXmWv.
R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
BIpnIimcocnI hf-bpw, A\p-_ {]iv\fpw
icoc kev]w
km[mcWbmbn ssewKnIXbpw BIjIXzhpw HcmfpsS imcocnI
khntijXIfpambn sXmbn _sSpmdpv. s]mw, \ndw, t]ioZrVX, aoi, XmSn tcmaw XpSnbh. CXnep]cn HcmfpsS hynXzw, kz`mhw,
s]cpamw av \ KpW FnhbmWv Hcp hynsb bYmn
BIjWob\mpXv Fv Iuamcm Adn-n-cn--Ww. CXv
AhcpsS Bm`nam\hpw Bhnizmkhpw hnnpp.
61
apJtcma hf
Nne BIpnIfn ka{]mbmsc At]nv apJtcma
Ipdhmbncnmw. apJtcmafpsS Akmn[ytam Ipdthm ]ucpjs
_m[npn.
ssK\tmamnb
Iuamcmcmb BIpnIfn XmmenIamb kv X \ hf
Iphcmdpv. XnIpw km[m-c-W-ambn Ip-h-cm-dp Cu Ah Hcp
NnInbpw IqSmsX cp hjn\pn A{]Xyamhpw. cp
hjn\ptijhpw Ipdbpnsn tUmIvSdpsS klmbw tXSpI.
kzbwt`mKw
km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn Ipn-bpsS Btcm-Kysttbm {]Xyp]m-Z\ tijnsbtbm, `mhn ssewKnI Pohn-X-ttbm {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-m Cu
{]hrn Aan-X-am-hp-I-bm-sW-n a\ximkv{X-]-c-amb klmbw tXtS-Xm-Wv.
kz]v\ kvJe\w
BtcmKyap Hcp hynbn ipw \nccambn DXv]m-Zn-n--s-SpIbpw Hcp ]cn[n Ignbptm kzm`mhnIambn kvJe\w kw`hnpIbpw
sNpp. CXv anhmdpw DdnemWv kw`hnpXv . XnIpw
kzm`mhnIamb Cu {]{Inb Fm ]pcpj\nepw kw`hnppsnepw
CXns Bhr-n-bn hyXymkapmImw.
IuamcLnepmIp
am\knI / kmaqlnI {]iv\ ]cnlmc
{]h\w 5
]m\ N
IuamcImeLnse am\knI kwLj kqNnnp taJe-I (Znhm-kz-]v\w, GIm-{K-X-bn-mbva, hnjmZw, A]-Ij-Xm-t_m-[w, ]qcI-enw-K-tm-Sp {]Xn-]-n, ]pI-hen, aZyw ab-p-a-cpv XpS-n-b-h-bpsS
D]-tbm-Kw) Is-p-p. Hmtcm taJ-e-bp-ambn _-sv N-sN-t
Bi-b- aqIqn \In mknse Hmtcm Ipnsb B taJ-e-bnse hnZKv[-\mbn Npa-X-e-s-Sp-p-I. hnZ-Kv[-cpsS Cu ]m\-en-t\mSv mkvap-dn-bn
62
Znhmkz]v\w ImWpI
CXv IuamcLns khntijXbmWv. ]etmgpw kzta[b Am
sXbmWnXv \SpXv. AXn\m Ahsc IpsSppXv icnb.
]cnlmc
Ie, kmlnXyw, ImbnIw, kmaqlnI kwLS\m {]h\
XpS-nb {InbmIamb {]h\fn GsSm ]camh[n
Ahkc \evIpI.
GIm{KXbnmbva
IpSpw_ {]iv\, kmaqlnI {]iv\, IfnIfnepw hnt\m-Z-fnepw apap AanX Xmev]cyw, Nne ioefpsS iamb kzm[o\w
apXembh aqew hnZymnIv ]T\n {i\ne\nm
km[nmsX hcpp.
]cnlmc
ey-t_m-[-tm-sS-bp Nn-bmb PohnX{Iaw ]men-p-I.
tbmK/ [ym\w apXembh ]cn-io-en-pI.
Bm`nam\pdhv
hyn]chpw am\knIhpw kmaqlnIhpamb Nne A\p`h
IpnbpsS Bm`nam\w IpdbvpXn\p ImcWamImdpv.
]cnlmc
Ipnbnse hnhn[ IgnhpIsf Isn ]camh[n t{]mm-lnn-pI.
IpnbpsS sNdnb t\pt]mepw Al-amb
\IpI.
{]iwk
63
hnjmZw
ktmjnphm Ignbm Ah, AanXamb Ipt_m[w,
Hnepw Xmev]cyanmbva, Dtjpdhv, kaqlhpambn CSs]Sm\p
_pnapv , ]T\n Xmev ] cyanmbv a , kzw kmlNcytmSv
CWntcm\p _pnapv , AanXamb `bw, DXv I Wv T apXembh
hnjmZns Nne eWfmbn IWmmw.
inYneamb IpSpw_mcow, amXm]nXmfpsS B[n]Xyw, am\knI
imcocnI ssewKnI ]oU\, kv t \lw, AwKoImcw apXembh
e`nmXncn, Nnbnm PohnXssien, amXm]nXmfpsS th]mSv
XpSnbh ImcWfmhmw.
]cnlmc
hnjmZns ImcWw a\nemn Bhiyamb IukenwKv
\IpI.
IpnIfpsS s]cpamnse hyXymk cnXmfpw
A[ym]Icpw {inpI.
IpSpw_mcow sasSppI.
a\n\v ktmjw e`np hnt\mZfn GsSm Ahkcw \IpI.
eWfn Imcyamb amw hcpnsn IgnbpXpw
thKw a\ximkv{X NnIn e`yampI. cnXmv th
t_m[hcWw \ev I Ww. hnjmZw BlXybpsS Hcp
{][m\ ImcWamWv.
A]IjXm t_m[w
imco-cn-Ihpw km-n-I-hp-amb \nch[n Imc-W--fm Ipn-I-fn
A]-Ij-Xm-t_m[w Dm-Imw.
Iuamcm XfpsS icoc`mKs kw_nv AXoh
DXvIWvTbphcmWv. ka{]mbmcpambn XmcXayw sNpXn\v Ah
AXnbmbn B{Klnpp. sshInam{Xw hfsbp Iuamcm
A]IjXm t_m[w {]ISnntmw. Nne X A\mIjIcpw
hncq]cpamsWpw BisSpp. aphcpambp CSs]Sen Ahv
64
]cnlmc
Bhnizmkw IqSpXn\v klmbIamb {]h\
\evIpI.
IpsSpmXncnpI
IpnbpsS hynXzs am\npp F t_m[w DmpI.
kzbw Imcy GsSpp sNm\p Ahkc \IpI.
AwKoImchpw t{]mml\hpw \IpI.
H-s-Sp-m-Xn-cn-p-I.
Xmc-X-ay-s-Sp-m-Xn-cn-pI
]cnlmc
Iuamct{]asp- d npw apw
IuknenwKv \Imhq.
hyn]cambn am{Xta
Bt]hpw HgnhmpI
65
kwibapsn AXv
66
]cnlmcw
Ipn-bpsS \nb-X-amb kz`mh coXn-bn \nv mbn-bmb hyXnbm-\- Dm-Ip-tm Ipnv Hcp inipam\-knI tUmIvS-dpsS
klmbw \Ip-I.
67
`mKw {]P-\-\-hy-h-bpw
2B {]P-\-\hpw
skj: 1
1. {]P\\ hyh
(Reproductive system) ...................
skj: 2
2. {]P-\\w
(Reproduction) .........................................................
skj: 3
3. {]P\\mtcmKyw
(Reproductive Health) ........................................
skj: 4
4. enwKt`Zw, ssewKnIX, enwK]Zhn
(Sex, Sexuality and Gender) ........................
skj: 5
5. kwib\nhmcWw .................................................
68
skj 1
{]P-\\ hyh (Reproductive system)
kabw: 1 aWnq
Dt-iy-w
kv{Xo]pcpj {]P\\ Ahbhsfbpw AhbpsS
{]h\sfbpw ]n tamUepI, NmpI Fnh
D]tbmKnv IpnIsf ]cnNbsSppI.
]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
{]XpXv]mZ\ AhbhfpsS NmpI
am s]
s]kn
{]h\w 6
R.P Nmns / OHP klmb-m ssewKnI Ah-b-h--fpsS `mK hnh-cn-p-p.
R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
]pcpjmcpsS {]P\\ Ahbh
]pcpjs ssewKnI AhbhamWv enwKw. CXv icocn \npw
aq{Xw ]pdm\pw D]tbmKnpp. _oPw enwKneqsSbmWv
]pdv hcp--Xv. km[mcW aq{Xhpw iphpw shtsd ka-b--fnemWv ]pdpXv. AXn\m aq{Xhpw iphpw Htc kabw Hcpanv
]pdphcpn. amhap aqv tImi]mfnI sImmWv CXv
\nnncnpXv.
enwKns ASn`mKv Nw sImp kn t]mse
ImWsSp `mKamWv hrjW kn. hrjWkn Aco
Xm]\nepw icoc Dujv a mhn\pw A\pkcnv hyXymksp
sImncnpp.
Hmh BIrXnbnep cv hrjW hrjWknbn nXn
sNpp. cp Xcw tImi sImmWv Ch \nnncnpXv.
Ch-bn NneXv _oPs DXv]mZnnptm ap-Nn-eXv ]pcpj
ssewKnI tlmtamWmb sStmntdm DXv]mZnnpp.
69
70
Bhw DmIpXv
1.
hfsbnb Aw: _oPhpambn tNv DmIp {`qWs
kzoIcnm\mbn K`]m{Xn FtUmsa{Snbw Hcpnbncnpp.
2.
3.
4.
5.
71
72
skj 2
{]P-\\w (Reproduction)
kabw: 40 an\nv
Dt-iy-
K`[mcWs Ipdnv Ipnv a\nemn sImSppI.
BtcmKyIcamb Hcp ssewKnI PohnX coXn Ipnv
a\nemn sImSpWw.
{]h\w 7
B. ]n. Nmns klmb-m Hcp kv{Xobn F-s\-bmWv K`[m-cWw Dm-IpXv Fv efnX `mj-bn imkv{Xo-b-ambn hnh-cn-p-p.
CXn-s\-p-dnv IqSp-X kwi-b-\n-hm-cWw R.P \Spp.
R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
kv{Xo-]p-cpj ssewKnI _w hgn _oPw K`m-i-b-n \nt-]n-s-Sp-p. _oP-k--e\w hgn {`qWw Dm-Ip-p. {`qWw K` iniphmbn hf {]m]n-p-p.
Iuamc ImeLn hcpwhcmbvIsfpdnv NnnmsX Nne
ssewKn- I - _ n Gs- S m- d p- v . Cu Imebfhn Iuam- c - m
imcocnIambn ]ckv]cw BIjnsSpXp sImm-WnXv.
73
skj 3
{]P-\\mtcmKyw (Reproductive Health)
kabw: 30 an\nv
Dt-iyw
Ipn-Iv Iuamc K`-ns A]-ISw
t_m[y-s-Sp-p--Xn-\v.
{]h\w 8
Iuamc K`-ns tZmj-h-i- hni-Zo-I-cn-p Hcp IY RP AhX-cnn-p-p. ]{X-hm-I, kw`-h- Fnh D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-mw.
CXp-ambn _-s tNmZy- tNmZn-m Ipn-Iv Ah-kcw
\Ip-p.
Iuamc K`-s-p-Sv Fs-nepw A]-I-S--tfm {]Xym-Lm-Xtfm Dm-Im-\p km[y-X-bp-s-n Ah env sNp-hm IpnI-tfmSv Bh-iy-s-Smw.
Ipn-I tcJ-s-Sp-p-h hmbn-p-tm B. ]n. AXv
t_mUn tcJ-s-Sp-n t{ImUo-I-cn-t--Xm-Wv.
mv
74
hnhm-l]
- q-_
- w, Iuamc K`-[m-cW
- w- Fnh kZm-Nmc hncp-hpw, A\m-tcmKyI-c-hp-am-Wv. kp-jvS-amb `mhn IpSpw-_-Po-hn-Xn\v CXv {]Xn-kn krjvSn-p--Xm-Wv. am{X-a Iuam-c-Ime
ssewKn-I-_w K`-[m-cWw Ch Hgn-hm-p--Xn-\p Ghpw
Da amw kZm-Nm-c-aq-ey- apdpsI ]nSn-pI F-Xm-Wv.
75
skj 4
enwKt`Zw, ssewKnIX, enwK]Zhn
(Sex, Sexuality and Gender)
kabw: 30 an\nv
Dt-iyw
enwK-t`Zw, ssewKn-I-X, enwK-]-Zhn Fn-hsbpdnv IpnIsf
t_m[hXvcn-pXn\v
{]h\w 10
R.P mv t_mUn 3 tImf- hc-bvp-p.
s]Ip-n-I
BIp-n-I
cv Iqpw _m[-I-am-bh
76
77
skj 5
kwi-b-\nh-m-cWw
Dt-iyw
IpnIfnep sXmb [mcWIsf ampI. Hw icnbmb Adnhv
]Ip \IpI.
{]h\w 11
tNmZy-sn Xpd-p-tmgpw a-h-k-c--fnepw Ipn-I tNmZn-m-\n-Sbp tNmZy-fpw Ah-bpsS adp-]-Sn-bpamWv Cu `mKv tNn-p--Xv.
CXn tNn-p hnh-c- B. ]n. bpsS Adn-hn-te-p--Xm-Wv. AXp]-tbm-Knv thWw Ipn-I D-bn-p kwi-b-v adp-]Sn \Im.
\ntiw
tNmZy-sn (question box) {]h-\- A`n-ap-Jo-I-cnm R.P sb klm-bn-p--Xn-\p-thn
CXv s]mXpN-bvp--h-b-.
Ipn-I D-bn-m km[y-X-bp Nne kwi-b-fpw Ah-bpsS Dcfpw Xmsg sImSp-n-cn-p-p.
1.
Bhw AipnbmWv.
sXv. km[mcWhpw {]IrXnZhpamWv Bh Zn\. Aip-nbpsS Imesa ]g [mcW icnb. {]tXyI ipNn-Xz-\n-jvIjI ]menp ipn Zn\fmWv Cv Ah.
2.
3.
78
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
79
ta]-d--hp ]pdta hyXykvX Xe-n-ep ap tNmZy-fpw tNmZys-n-bn {]Xo-n-mw. Acw tNmZy-v Dcw ]d-bm {]bmk-am-sW-n tUmIvS-dp-tStbm hnZ-KvZ-cp-tSmtbm klmbw tXtS-Xm-Wv.
80
`mKw
(4 hrs)
81
skj 1
ssewKnI tcmK-, AWp-_m-[
kabw: 1aWnq
Dt-iy-
ssewKnI tcmK--sfbpw Ah-bpsS {]Xn-tcm[ \nhm-cW amK-sfbpw ]n kmam-\y-amb Adnhp e`n-p--Xn\v.
]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
Nmv
kwi-b- Fgp-Xp--Xn-\p t]-dp-I
Iznkv- tNmZym-h-en-bp-sSbpw D-c--fp-sSbpw ImUp-I
tNmZy-sn
ssewKnI tcmK-s
- f-n RP Hcp BapJ {]`m-jWw \S-p-p.
No Iqp-sI-p-Ifpw sXn-m-c-W-Ifpw Aan-Xm-th-i-hp-sams ]etmgpw \psS Pohn-X-tmSp hne-t]-im-dp-v. Acp-Xm-bva-Isf Ah-K-Wnp kmlkw ]e-tmgpw Xncp-m-\m-hm A_---fn \s sImp
sNs-n-p-p. Ah-bpsS Ibv]p\ocp IpSn-m-\m-hmsX B-lXy
sNbvX-h-sc{X? Fp-X-s-bm-bmepw PohnXw \in-np -I-f-bm-\pX.
icn-bmb Adnhpw B-hn-izm-k-hp-amWv \ap-m-h-iyw. ssewKnI tcmK-sf--n-bp Adnhv C-c-n Pohn-X-n shfnw hoip Hm-Wv.
ssewKn-I-tcm-K-sf kw_-nv \-fn `qcn-`m-Khpw Atcm Aev]tcm BWv. \mW-t-SmWv Chn-Ss {][m\ {]iv\w.
kwkvIm-c
- n-epw kZm-Nm-c
- n-epw ASn-bp-d amK- D]tbm-Kn-p-sImpXs \apv Cu hnj-bs Kuc-h]
- qw
t\cn-tS-X
- p-v.
{]h\w 1
RP Xmsg ]d-bp tNmZy- tNmZn-p-p.
FmWv ssewKnI tcmK-?
Ah Fs\ ]I-cpp?
82
R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
RTI Fpw STI Fpw Npcp--t-cn-e-dn-b-s-Sp cp-Xcw AWp-_m[-I-fp-v. Ch aqe-ap-m-Ip ssewKnI tcmK- Hcm-fpsS {]P-\-\m-tcmKyw \jvS-s-Sp-p-p. Hmtcmpw \apv kwn-]vX-ambn a\-kn-em-m
{ian-mw.
kn^n-enkv
{Sntm- W na ]menUw (Treponema pallidum) F tcmKm- W p- h ns
{]h\ ^e-amWv Cu tcmKw. ssewKnI _-n-\p-tijw aqm-gvN-
83
bvp-n tcmKn-bpsS P\-t\-{nb `mKv thZ-\-bn-m hSp-tfm XSnp-Itfm In-p-Itfm Dm-Ip--XmWv {][m\ e-Ww. \mUo kw_-amb XI-cm-dp-I-fn-tetm, ]m-Lm-X-n-tetm Nne-tm lrt{Zm-K-ntetm CXv tcmKnsb Fn-pw. CXp _m[n kv{XoIv K`-n{Z
km[yX hfsc IqSp-X-em-bn-cn-pw. \h-Pm-X-in-ip-hn\pw CXv Kpcp-X-c-amb
{]iv\- krjvSn-pw.
sKmtWm-dnb
ss\ko-dnb sKmtWm-dnsb (Neiseria gonorrhoea) F tcmKm-Wp-aqew
Dm-Ip tcmK-am-Wn-Xv. CXv {]P-\-\-hy-h--tbbpw ]pdta aq{X-\m-fn-tbbp-amWv _m[n-p--Xv. Cu tcmKw aqew hy-X-hsc kw`-hn-mw. ZpK-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]gpv aq{X-\m-fn-bn-eqsS ]pd-p-h-cn-Ibpw aq{X-hn-k\-ns ka-bv AXoh thZ\ A\p-`-h-s-Sp-I-bp-amWv km[m-cW Iph-cp e-W-.
man-Unb
man-Unb s{Stm-am-nkv (Chlamydia trachomatis) F tcmKmWp aqeap-m-Ip AWp-_m-[-bm-Wn-Xv. sKmtWm-dnbtbmSv kmay-ap Hcp tcmKamWv man-Un-b. hrj-W-pff how, aq{X-sam-gn-p-tm ITn\ -thZ-\, ae-n-eqsS cw t]mv Ch-sbms CXns e-W--fm-Wv.
P\n- sl]nkv
sl]nkv knwIvkv (Herpes simplex) F sshd-kns ^e-amWv Cu
Akp-Jw. kpc-n-X-a-m ssewKn-I-_--n\p tijw GXm\pw BgvNbvp-n kqva-amb Ipcp- Dm-Ip-Ibpw XpSv Ah s]mn th-Z-\bp {hW--fm-hp-Ibpw sNp-p. K`--in-ip-hn\v AWp-_m-[-bp-mp Hcp tcmK-ambn CXp hf-cmw.
ss{Stm-tam-Wn-bm-knkv
ss{Stm-tam-Wmkv hssP-\-enkv (Trichomonas vaginalis) F tcmKmWp-hns _m[-bmWv Cu Akp-J-n\p Imc-Ww. aq{X-\m-fn-bn \npw
tbm\n-bn \npw abpw ]bpw \nd-n-ep {khw, tbm\n `mKv
sNmdnn, AanXthZ\ Fn-h-bmWv CXns {][m\ e-W-.
ImUn-Un-bm-knkv
ImUnUm A_n-mkv (Candida albicans) F ]q-en-eqsS Cu
tcmK-ap-m-hp-p. {]mcw` L-n tcmK e-W- {]I-S-a-. Iptd
84
_mIvSo-cn-b hPn-t\m-knkv
CXv tbm\n-bnse emIvtSm-_m-kn-e-kns (Lactobacillus) km{X Ipdbp-tm Dm-Ip Hcp AWp-_m-[-bm-Wv. ZpK--tm-Sp-Iq-Snb tbm\o{khw CXns Hcp e-W-am-Wv.
jmt{ImbnUv
CXn\p ImcWw lotam-^n-ekv Uqt{I-bo (Haemophilus ducrei) F
tcmKm-Wp-hm-Wv. kpc-n-X-a-m ssewKnI _-n\p tijw P\-t\{n-b-n {hW--fpmhp-p. ]ns thZ-\bpw Ig-e-ho-hpw {]Xy-s-Sp-p.
Ch IqSmsX a-n-
- ns AWp-_m[ (Hepatitis -B), P\-t\-{nbnse
Acn-md (Genital warts), sh-t]mv apX-em-bh
- bpw {][m\ ssewKnI tcmK-fmbn Ip-hc
- p-p. Fm CXnsemap-]cn temI-n\p `oj-Wn-bp-bp, Hcp ssewKnI tcmK-amWv AIDS. AXn-s\-n ]noSv hni-Za
- mbn {]Xn-]mZnmw.
STI bpsS e-W- kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m-cn Fs\ ImW-s-Sp-p-shv
hy-am-p Hcp Nmv RP {]Zin-n-p-p.
kv{XoI-fn
$ P\-t\-{n-b-n \nv \nd-hy-Xym-k-ap {khtam ZpK-tam DmIpp.
$ CSpp `mK-p-m-Ip thZ\
$ P\-t\-{n-b-n\p Nppw thZ-\tbm \otem Dm-Ip-p.
$ {Iaw-sX-n-bp Bhw
$ ssewKnI _-n-tes-Sp t\c-p-am{Xw P\-t\-{n-b-ntem,
ASn-h-b-ntem Dm-Ip thZ\
]pcp-j-m-cn
$ aq{X-\m-fn-bn \nv ]gpv hcnI
cp-Iq-pw
$
$
$
$
85
tcmK-\n-bhpw NnIn-bpw
hnhn-[-Xcw et_m-d-dn sSp-I-fn-eq-sSbpw sshZy-]-cn-tim-[-\-I-fn-eqsSbpw Chsb Is-m\pw an-hmdpw NnIn-np t`Z-s-Sp-p-hm\pw
Ign-bpw. Hcn- NnIn-np amnb Hcp tcmKw ]no-sSm-cn-epw _m[nn F [mc-W-b-cp-Xv. e ImcWw ]ecpw NnIn-bvp aSn-p-p.
CXv A]-I-S-I-c-am-Wv. XpSw apX NnIn-n-n-s-n BZy L--fnse
e-W- A{]-Xy--am-hp-Ibpw ko-amb ]e {]iv\-fpw DS-se-Spp-Ibpw sNpw. XpSv CXv ssewKn-Im-h-b-h--sfbpw {]P-\\ hyh-sbbpw, ico-cs apgp-h-\mbpw XI-cm-dn-em-p-p. NnIn--bmWv {][m-\w.
Bimky-a-m ssewKnI_--fn \nv Hgnp amtd--Xns
Bh-iy-IX CXn \nv a\-n-em-mw.
aqey-fnepw kZm-Nmc hnizm-k--fnepw ASn-bp-d PohnX ssien
Ccw tcmK-sf XS-bp--Xn hln-p ]v FSppImpwhn[-ambn-cn-Ww Cu `mKw t{ImUo-I-cn-t--Xv.
{]h\w 2
RP Hcp {]h\w \Ip-p.
STI sbp-dn-p Adnhp ]cn-tim-[n-p--Xn\v DNn-X-amb
]{v tNmZy-fpw Ah-bpsS D-c--fpw, {]tXyIw \-dnv
cv jop-I-fn-embn F-gp-Xn-bXv AwK-v hnX-cWw sNp-p.
tNmZyw Hcm-fpsS Inepw Dcw asm-cm-fpsS In-ep-am-h-Ww.
]noSv \-dn-eqsS thWw Ch Xncn--dn-tb--Xv. tNmZyw hmbnp-p. mkv Nbvv tijw icn-bp-c hmbn-p-p.
]cn-io-e-\-n-\m-h-iy-amb tNmZy-
1.
Fm STI Itfbpw Ffp--n NnIn-np amm-\m-hptam?
86
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
2.
3.
Dv tcmK-e--W- Cm-sX-bmIpw ]s tcmKw amdn Fv ]dbm Ign-bn tcmKw Dn-tev hym]nv hy-X, K`-a-e-k XpSn-b-hbvv Imc-W-am-tb-pw.
4.
5.
6.
A. RTI I _-s-Sm-sXbpw hcmw. kv{XoI-fnepw s]Ip-n-Ifnepw RTI hcp-Xv km[m-c-W-bmbn ssewKnI _w CmsX XsbmWv.
7.
8.
9.
87
Ipdnv: STI bpsS eWw kzbw Isn kwibw {]I-Sn-np Ipn-Isf tUmIvSsd ImWm t{]mm-ln-n--Ww.
tUmIvS-tdmSv tcmK-e--W- Xpdp ]d-bm\pw aSn-bn-msX
sshZy-]-cn-tim-[-\bvv hnt[-b-am-Im\pw Bh-iy-s-S-Ww.
88
skj 2
HIV
kabw: 1 12 aWnq
Dt-iy-
HIV sbn Adnhv e`n-p--Xn\v
]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
Nmv
Nn{X-
tNmZy-sn
{]h\w 3
tcmK-{]Xn-tcm[tijnsb kw_-n-p Nne tNmZy-
RP tNmZn-p-p.
\psS ico-c-n\v tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm-[-ti-jn-bp-m-p-Xv
GXv c tImi--fmWv?
\mw {]Xn-tcm[ Ipn-h-bv]p-I FSp-p-Xv Fn-\pthn?
Fm tcmK-pw {]Xn-tcm[ acp-p-I-fptm?
FbvUvkv F tcmK-n\p Imc-W-amb AWp GXmWvv?
sNdp--m-cpw, HIV/AIDS Dw Xn _-sav?
AIDS Hcp STI BtWm?
HIV _m[bpw FbnUvkpw Xn hyXym-k-sav?
s]mXp-N-bn-eqsS D-c- Is-p-p. Ipn-Isf 4 {Kqp-I-fmbn
Xncn-p-p. Hmtcm {Kqn\pw Hmtcm tNmZy- \Ip-p.
{Kqv 1
2
3
4
89
90
HIV cp-X-c-ap-v. HIV -1 Dw HIV-2 Dw. Ch cpw dnt{Sm-ssh-dkv IpSpw_-ns-Sp--h-bm-Wv. Ch P\n-XI]c-ambn hyXym-k-s-n-cn-p-p.
Fnepw cpw Hcp-t]mse AIDS tcmK-n\v Imc-W-am-Ip--h-bm-Wv. 1983
{^mkn-emWv HIV-1 s\ BZyw Is-n-b-Xv. bqtdm-nepw Ata-cn--bnepw
AIDS tcmK-n\p Imc-W-am-bn-p-Xv Cu sshd-km-Wv. 1986 B{^n-bnse tcmKn-I-fn HIV-2 s\ Is-n. B{^n--bnepw Gjy-bnepw AIDS \v
Imc-W-am-bn-p-Xv HIV-2 BsWv Is-n. 1986 emWv HIV Cy-bn
{]th-in--Xmbn {i-bns--Xv. Cy-bn Cu cp hn`mKw sshd-kpap-v. Zn\w {]Xn 14,000 \pw 16,000 \pw CSbn HIV _m[n-X-cp-m-Ipp Fv
IW-m--s-Sp-p.
HIV a\p-jy-i-co-c-n {]hn-p--sX--s\-sbv RP hni-Zo-I-cnpp.
tizX cmWp--tfmSpw
({][m-\-ambpw CD4 enwt^m-sskvkv) Nne \mUo-tIm-i--tfmSpw
Cu sshd-kn\v IqSp-X Xmev]cy-ap-v. Cu tImi-v CD4
dnk-]vtgvkv F t]cn Cu
sshd-kns\ BIjnv A\mbmkw IS-n-hn-Sp kzoI-cW
e--fp-v. sshdkv Ccw
tImi--fn IS-p-IqSn s]cpIn ap CD4 tImi--fn AWp-_m-[-bp-mpp.
HIV bvv FXn-scbpw icocw {]Xn-hkvXp (Antibody) Dm-p-p-v.
km[m-cW sshd-kp-Ifpw _mIvSo-cn-b-Ifpw Ah-bvs-Xn-cm-bp {]Xn-h-kvXpsImv \in-pw. Fm HIV Cs\ \in-n-. {]Xn-hkvXp {]hnm XpS-p-tm-tgpw HIV AXns _mly-L-S-\-bn amw hcp-n-smn-cn-pw. icocw BZy \nn {]Xn-hkvXp AtXmsS D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-amIpw. icocw ]pXnb {]Xn-hkvXp Dm-p-tm-tgpw HIV bpsS _mly-L-S\
(antigenic structure) hopw amdn-bn-cn-pw. Cu {]{Inb Cs\ XpSp-sIm-
91
]q
kv
_mIvS
o-cnb
sshdk
]q
sshd
vSo-cnb
_mI
tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm-[tijnbp Btcm-Ky-hm
92
lkvX-Zm\w
Hcp-anv bm{X-sN-
Npa, Xp
Benw-K\w
kznnwKv ]q, sSen-t^m, Iqkv s]mXp-hmbn D]tbm-Kn-
Iv, ]m{Xw, InS--hn-cn, DSp-hkv{Xw apX-em-bh ]p-h-p-]-tbm-Kn-
Hnv Htc ]m{X-n Blmcw Ign-
sImXp-Iv, aq apX-emb {]mWn-I-fpsS ISn-tb-evp--Xn-eqsS
HIV _m[n Ipns\ emfn-pI; Npw_n-pI
Htc mkv apdn-bn-en-cpp ]Tn-pI
]Wn-bm-bp-[-tfm b{-km-a-{Kn-Itfm D]-tbm-Kn-
HIV _m[n hynv c-Zm\w sNp--XneqsS
ta-d Imcy--fn-eqsS HIV ]I-cp-n-. ImcWw hnbv, Io,
Dan-\o, aqn \np {kh-, Nn, I^w, aew, aq{Xw Fn-h-bneqsS
HIV ]I-cpn. cw -Zm\w sNp-tm asm-cm-fpsS cw Hcn-epw cw
Zm\w sNpbmfpsS ico-c-n Ib-dp-n-. kzta-[-bm-bp c-Zm\w
t{]mm-ln-n--Ww.
{]h\w 4
RP mkn Hcp {]h-\w \Ip-p.
shn-sb-Sp- hnhn[ Nn{X- ]embn \Ip-p. CXn
HIV ]I-cp--Xn\v km[y-X-bp Nn{X--tfXv? ]I-cp--Xn\v
Hcp km[y-X-bp-an-m Nn{X--tfXv Fv \n-bnv Htc
kz`mhw ]pep Nn{X--fpsS ASn-m-\-n {Kqp-I-fmhp-I. Fp-sImv Fv Hmtcm-cp-cpw Nn{Xns ASnm-\-n hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I.
93
Ip-\o-cn-eqsS
10
11
12
Nn-bn-eqsS
13
14
Htc InS--I
D]-tbm-Kn-pI
16
lkvX-Zm\w
17
Benw- K \w
94
15
A-bn \nv
Ipn-tev
18
Blmcw ]p-sh-bvp--Xn-eqsS
19
20
kndnv
]p-sh-p-Xn-eqsS
c- Z m\w
RP, {Kqv ]d-bp-Xv icntbm Fv hne-bn-cp-p-p. XpSv RP tNmZysn s]mn-p-p. mkn Dbp-h-cp kwi-b- Zqco-I-cn-p-p.
R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
HIV, ape-bq-en-eqsS ]I-cp-s
- X-s
- \-sbp t\mmw. Bam-ib
-
- nse
sslt{Um-tm-dnIv Bkn-Uns kmnyw DZ-c--Ip-S `mK--fn-eqsS
HIV {]th-i\w XS-bp-p. Fm \h-PmX inip-v Bam-i-bn BZys amkw sslt{Um-tm-dnIv BknUv DXv]m-Z\w Ipdhm-bn-cnpw AXn-\m HIV _m[n-mw.
Npw_-\-n-eqsS HIV ]I-cptam? C. apdn-hp-m-m-Xn-cp-m aXn.
tjhnwKv tUp-I ]p-h-m? tjhv sNp-tm Dm-Ip apdnhp-I-fn \nv cw tUn ]n-n-Sn-mw. B cw DW-p-Itbm
Aev]-k-abw hmbp-hn Xpd-n-cn-p-Itbm sNbvXm HIV bvv AXn
\ne-\n-evm-\m-hn-. Fm Hp cv skp-Ipn tUv
ssIamw sNbvXv tjhnwKv \S-p-p-sh-n HIV ]nSn-Iq-Sm sNdnb
km[y-X-bp-v. ]t C-c-n-ep AWp-hym-]\w \S--Xmbn
temI-n Hcn-Sp \npw CXp-hsc dntmp sN-s-n-n-.
]-Ip-n-eq-sSbpw ImXpIpn-eq-sSbpw aqp-Ip-n-eq-sSbpw HIV ]Icm km[y-X-bp-s-nepw kqNn AWp-hn-ap--am-n-bnv D]-tbm-Knp-I-bm-sW-n ]q kpc-n-Xw.
sImXp-ISnbn-eqsS HIV ]I-cn-. sImXpIv Hcmsf ISnp Ign-m
BZyw AXns Dan-\o Abm-fpsS ico-c-n Ipn-h-bvpw. AXn\p
tij- a mWv cw Dun- p- S n- p- h m Bcw- ` n- p- Xv . HIV bv v
sImXpIns Dan-\o {Kn-bn s]cp-Im km[y-a
- . AXn-\m sImXpIp-I-Sn-bn-eqsS HIV ]I-cn-.
HIV aq{X-n-eq-sSbpw ae-n-eq-sSbpw ]I-cn-.
kzh-cXn HIV bntep \bnpw
95
96
skj 3
FbvUvkv (AIDS)
kabw: 1 12 aWnq
Dt-iy-
FbnUvkv tcmKw Fsp a\-n-em-m\pw thp apIcp-X-ep-I-sf-Sp-m\pw Ipn-Iv icn-bmb amK-\ntZiw
\Im-\pw.
]T-t\m-]I
- c
- W
-
-
Nmv
Iznkv
tNmtZym--c--n-I,
t]
{]h\w 5
FbvUvkv F tcmK-s-n B.]
- n. kwkm-cn-p-p.
Cv temI-ns t]Sn-kz-]v\-amWv FbvUvkv "BPnX tcmK-{]-Xntcm-[- tim-jW tcmKkap-bw (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) FXm-Wv FbvUvkv F Npcp--t-cmbn amdn-b-Xv. Cu tcmKs-p-dnv
am[ya hgnbpw apw \nv Nne [mc-W-I Dm-bn-p-v. [mc-WI-fpsS ASnm\-n mkv Av {Kqp-I-fmbn Xncnv AXns hkvXpX-I ]p-hv "FbvUvkv tcmKn-IfpsS PohnXw' F hnj-b-n Hmtcm
{Kqpw Hcp ]pdw hen--ap Ipdn-p-I-sf-gp-Xp-I. mkn Ah--X-cn-n-p-I.
B.-]n. Ipdn-s-gp-Xm A\p-h-Zn-p-p. d^-dkv tamUyq-fnse _s `mK-, eLp-te-J-I
{Kqp-I-fpsS Ah-X-cWw
B.-]n.-bpsS t{ImUo-I-cWw
97
\ ]p-sh hkvXp-X-I hfsc hne--s--h-bm-Wv. Fnepw FbvUvkn-s\-n hy-amb [mcW-I Dm-Im \apv Nne Imcy- IqSn
a\-n-em-t--Xp-v.
R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
Fv.-sF.-hn. _m[ FbvUvkv Bbn amdp--sX--s\-sbp t\mmw.
GsX-nepw hn[-n Fv.-sF.-hn. a\p-jy-i-co-c-n ISpIqSn-bm DS
FbvUvkv Bbn amdp-n-. tcmK-_m-[-bp-mhm 7 apX 10 hjw hsc
thn ht-mw.
AXp-sIm-p-Xs XpS--n tcmK-\nW-bhpw NnIn-bpw Akm[y-am-Wv. HIV _m[-bp-m-bm AXv kn.Un.4 enwt^m-ssk-nepw \mUo
hyql-nse Nne tImi--fnepw IS-p-p. c-nse enwt^m-ssk-p-IfpsS icn-bmb {]h\w tcmKm-Wp-fn \npw ico-cs kwc-n-m\p tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm-[-hy-h-bvv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. Ccw BXn-tYb
tImi--fn-emWv HIV ]n-n-Snp s]cpIn ico-c-nse {]Xn-tcm-[-hy-h-sb
XInSw adn-p--Xv. HIV {]th-i\w apX tcmK-ambn amdp--Xp-h-sc-bp
Ls \membn Xcw-Xn-cn-mw.
1.
2.
Cu L-n {]Xn-tcm[ kwhn-[m-\-ns \nb-{Ww sshdkv IS-pp. tcmK-e--W- Hpw Xs {]I-S-am-Ip-n-. Fm c-n
Bn--t_m-Un-I Is-m Ign-bpw. kn.Un.4s Iuv 500 cells/ml \p
apI-fn Dm-Ipw. 3 apX 5 sImw hsc \op \np Hcp L-amWnXv.
3.
98
4.
ico-c
- ns {]Xn-tcm-[t- i-jnsb AXn-Po-hnv sshdkv B[n-]Xyw t\Spp. Ah-ktcmNnX tcmK- (Opportunistic infections) _m[n-p-Ibpw tcmKn
hy-amb e-W- {]I-Sn-n-pbpw sNpw. kn.Un 4s Iuv 200
Cells/ ml \p Xmsg-bpam-Ip-p. Bn-t_m-Un-I ImWp-Itbm, ImWm-Xn-cnp-Itbm sNmw. CXv Fbv-Uvkns Ay-L--am-Wv. NnIn-m-\-S-]-Sn-I
Hpw kzoI-cn-n-s-n tcmKn Htm ctm sIm-n-\Iw ac-W-n-tep
t]mIpw.
HIV _m[
hntUm ]ocoUv
\ni_vZ _m[m-Lw
FbvUvkv
A\p-_--tcm-K-
FbvUvkv A\p-_
- t- cm-K
- GsX-m-am-sWv B.-]n. hnhcnpp.
FbvUvkv tcmKnsb ac-W-n-tep \bn-p-Xv AXns A\p-_-tcm-K--fm-Wv. tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm-[-in bn-p-I-gn-m ico-c-n GXp
tcmKm-Wp-hn\pw kkpJw hmgmw. As\ \nkmc tcmK t]mepw tcmKnbpsS ac-W-n\v Imc-W-ambn amdm-hp--Xm-Wv. Ccw tcmK-sf A\p-_-tcm-K- Fp ]d-bmw. {im-]qh-amb NnIn--bn-eqsS A\p-_-tcm-K-sf amm Ign-bpw. bw, \yqtam-kn-n-kv \yptam-Wnb Fn-hbmWv {][m\ A\p-_ tcmK-. IqSmsX hb--dn-fw, AIm-c-W-amb
]\n, hmbnse ]pp-I, apg-I XpS-n-b-hbpw Ip-h-cp-p.
FbvUvkv tcmK-e--W- Fsm-s-bm-sWv B.-]n. hy-amp-p.
ap Imc-W- IqSmsX icocw {Iam-Xo-X-ambn timjn-p-Ibpw `mcw
Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNp-p.
hmbn sh--\n-d-n-ep ]q {]Xy--am-Ip-p.
Hcp amk-n IqSp-X \op-\np XpS-bmbtXm CS--hn-ptXm Bb ]\n, hb-dn-f-w.
hnp-am-dm Npa
99
100
{]h\w 7
B.-]n. Hcp {]h\w \Ip-p.
Ipdv tNmZy- \IpI. Ah-bn Fv.-sF.-hn. _m[
kw_-nv GXns\ t]Sn--Ww, FXv t]Sn-t--Xn (High
Risk, No risk) Fp hy-am-p-I.
asm-cm-fp-ambn ssewKn-I-_--n-tes-Sp-n-s-n - No Risk
aqp \mep-t] tNv kqNn ]n-p-]-tbm-Kn- -
High Risk
c-Zm\w
- No Risk
- No Risk
s]mXpsSen-t^m D]-tbm-Kn-m
- No Risk
- No Risk
- No Risk
- No Risk
HIV _m[n-Xc
- p-samv kvIqfn ]Tn-m
- No Risk
Htc \op-f
- D]-tbm-Kn-m
- No Risk
101
R.P hni-Zo-I-cn-t-h
XpS-bmbn ico-c-nse cw apgph\pw amn-sm-n-cp-mepw
FbnUvkv kpJ-s-Sn-.
km[m-cW ]I-hym-[n-I-fp tcmKn-I-sf-tmse Xs FbnUvkv
tcmKn-I-sfbpw Fm Pnm, km Aip-]-{Xn-I-fnepw saUn-
tImtf-Pp-I-fnepw NnIn-n-pw. tcmKn-Ipw _p-pw thnbp Iukn-enwKv kuI-cyhpw ChnsS \ne-hn-ep-v.
HIV ]cn-tim-[\ \S-p--Xn\v app-Xs em_p-I-fn {]o-sSv
Iukn-enwKv \S-m-dp-v. sSn\v tijhpw Iukn-enw-Kv Dmbn-cn-pw. Ch sSn\p hnt[-b-am-Ip--bm-fpsS am\-knI kaw Ipdp-sIm-p-h-cm klm-bn-pw. am{X-a Abmv icnbmb amK\ntihpw CXn-eqsS e`n-pw.
Cu tkh\w Kh-s v Bip-]-{Xn-I-fnse ICTC(Integrated Councelling
and Testing Centre)/ tPymXnkv kv t \l saUn- IukenwKv
skdpIfn e`y-am-Wv. tkh\w kuP-\y-am-Wv.
kndnpw, kqNnbpw \mbn Xnf-n-m Fv.-sF.-hn. \in-pw.
Unkvt]m-kn-_n kndnv D]-tbm-Kn-p--XmWv Ghpw kpc-n-Xamb amKw
B.-]n. D]-kw-l-cn-p-p.
HIV _m[n-X-scbpw FbvUvkv tcmKn-I-sfbpw kaq-l-n \np ]pdwX-p {Iqc-X-b \psS `mKp \nv Dm-th--Xv. AX FbvUvkv
\nam\w. innm\p--X; cn-m\pw kvt\ln-m-\p-ap--XmWv
Cu temIw.
`mc-Xhpw FbvUvkpw
Cv `mc-X-n GI-tZiw 5.2 Zi-ew t]v HIV AWp-_m[ DXmbn IWm-s-Sp-p. `mc-Xs kw_-n-n-Sp-tmfw FbvUvkv Hcp
BtcmKy {]iv\-t-m-fp-]-cn kmaq-lnI {]iv\-am-Wv. FbvUvkv Ghpw
A[nIw _m[n-p-Xv Pohn-X-ns D]m-Z-\--a-amb 15 \pw 49 \pw CSbvp {]mb-m-cn-em-Wv. am{X-hp-a Cu tcmKm-h--aqew {]h\ hj-fpsS \jvSw, tcmK-_m-[n-Xsc NnIn-n-p--Xn-\p Nne-hv, amXm-]n-Xm \jvSsp tcmK-_m-[n-Xcpw Am--Xp-amb Ipn-I-fpsS ]p\-c-[n-hmkw
102
tIc-fhpw FbvUvkpw
HIV/AIDS km{Xm \ncv {]Imcw tIc-fw, tcmK-km-{Xm \ncv
Ipd kwm-\-am-bmWv IW-m--s-n-cn-p--Xv. Fm HIV km{Xm
\ncv IqSnb kwm-\--fn Np-spInS-p kwm-\sa \nebn HIV AWp hym]\ km[yX Xn--f-bm km[y-a-.
tIc-f
- n HIV AWp-_m-[n-X GI-tZiw Hcp e-tmfamWv. HIvtSm_ 2006 se IW-p-{]-Imcw Ch-cn FbvUvkv _m[n-X-scv dntmv
sN-s--h-cpsS Fw 3824 Dw AIDS _m[nv ac-W-a-S--h-cpsS Fw 789
Dw BWv.
"hmKvZm-\
- ]men
- q... FbvUnk
- ns\ XSbq ... F-Xm-Wv.
Stop AIDS, Keep the promise"
HIV/ AIDS s\Xnsc t]mcm-Sp--Xn-\mbn {]Xn-tcm[ {]h-\-v
apXqw \Ip-Ibpw AtXm-sSmw HIV/ AIDS _m[n-Xsc kaq-l-ns
apJy-[m-c-bn-tebvv sImp-h-cn-Ibpw sNpI F-XmWv Cu Zn\m-N-c-Wns ]c-a-{]-[m-\-amb eyw.
HIV/ AIDS _m[n-X-tc-bpw, FbvUvkv _m[nv ac-W-a-S--h-tc-bpw, AhcpsS IpSpw-_mw-K--tfbpw Hmn-n-p--tXm-sSmw Ah-tcmSv A\p-Xm]w
{]I- S n- n- p- I bpw Ahp- t hn Bm- a mbn {]hn- p- I bpw
sNpI F-XmWv Cu Zn\m-N-cWw sImp-t-in-p--Xv.
103
104
Iuam-cI
- mew ktmj{]Z-ammw
PohnXw BkzZ- n-m-\p-X
- mWv; tlman-m-\p-X
- - . ]p
hnS-cp-Ibpw Infn-I ]mSp-Ibpw sNp {]`mXw F{X
Dt-jI
- c
- a- mWv! An-p-hpw Xnc-am-eI
- fpw \psS a\w Ihcp-p. CjvSw ]I-cp Iqp-Im hmeyw hnf-p cnXm- Cu ku`m-Ky- \apv kza- t.
Ipn-m-ev \njvI-f--ambn eoe-I-fn apgp-Imw. Iuam-cn D-WvT-tbmsS temIs t\mmw. bu-\n D- c - h m- Z n- X z- \nd- t hn kwXr]v X n t\Smw.
hmIyw ap- - h - c psS kv t \l- ] qW- a mb ]cn- N cWwsImv [\y-am-mw.
F{X ]Tn-mepw Xocm-, Fpw IuXp-Ia- p-Wp Hcp
henb ]pkvXI
- a- mWv {]IrX
- n. At\zj
- n-m\pw Is-m\pw
\nhrXn \pI-cm\pw Cu `qan-bnte Ah-kc
- a- p-p.
Iuam-c
- nse AXn-cp-IS- IuXp-I
- ]e-tmgpw `mhn
Pohn-Xs inYn-ea- m-p-p. Aev]w apI-cp-Xe- p-I, Ipdv
Adn- h v , \- X n- - I Xncn- - - d n- b m- \ p hnth- I w,
thmhtbmSv "C' Fv Dd-np ]d-bm-\p a\-c
- pv
C{X-sbm-s-bp-s-n Iuam-c
- m-es
- a-Xv PohnX
-
- nse
kphW-Zi Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw.
105
106
`mKw 3
RTI, STI, HIV, AIDS
$ RTI/ STI
`mKw 2B
$ {]P-\-\-hy-h
{]P- \ \ hyh- bpw
{]P-\-\hpw
$ RTI/ STI
$ {]P-\\w
`mKw 2A
Iuam-c-{]m-b-m-cpsS
hf
$ hyn _-
Session III
$ kKm--I-Nn
$ hnIm-c
- f
- pambn s]mcp-s
- -S
$ am\-knI kwLj--fpambn
s]mcp--s-S
Session IV
$ hnai-\m-I Nn
$ HIV
$ {]P-\-\m-tcmKyw
$ AIDS
$ enwK- t `Zw,
ssewKn- I X,
enwK]Zhn
$ kwib \nhm-cWw
Iuam-c-m-cn Ip-h-cp
s]cp-am khn-ti-j-X-I
$ Iuam- c
hf $ am\-knI kmaq-lnI am-,
imco-cnI am- BIpn s]Ipn
$ am--fpsS ASn-m-\-n
$ Bib hn\n-ab
tijn
Session II
$ X-bo-`mhw
$ Iuam-c-{]m-b-mcpsS hf
$ {]iv\ ]cn-l-cWtijn
$ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-
$ BapJw
$ PohnX ss\]p-WnI
$ kzbw Adn-bpI
Session I
`mKw 2A
Iuam-c-{]m-b-m-cpsS
hf
`mKw 1
PohnX ss\]p-Wn-I
`mKw 1
PohnX ss\]p-Wn-I
Session
PROGRAMME SCHEDULE
School AHEP
107
(critical thinking)
hnai-\m-I Nn
(Creative thinking)
kKm-I Nn
Session - 1 (1 hr)
BapJw
Pohn-X-ss\-]p-Wn-I-fpsS Bh-iy-IX
Pohn-X-ss\-]p-Wn-I 1
kzbw- Adn-bpI (Self awareness)
BapJw
Session
Objective
Chart - Blank
Pen
Chart showing the points
Attractive
32 Good player
Entrance coaching
TV bnse knK-d-ns ]ckyw
Lap top Computer hm
II hnt\m-Zb
- m{Xm coXn
(t]Pv 17)
Rm apJy-a{- n-bm-bm
Chart
Marker
Nn{X-
Nmv
Nn{X-, t]\ XpS-n-bh
D]- t bm- K nv
AXnn-bn-S
Ah-c-h-sc--n-bp Ignhv FgpX
t{ImUo-Ic- W
- w.
hkv X p-
II
Nmv
am s]
games
Materials Required
\-n\v bpn-Nn
\hpw
hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb hni-I-e\w
X-bo-`m-h-ns {]m[m\yw
aqeyt_m[w
Ign-hp-I-fnse enwK-t`Zw
Ignhp-I-sf-p-dn-p DmgvN
hyXym-k
-
Ign-hp-I-fnse hyym-c
Fm-hpw Ign-hp-I Dv
\psS KpW--sfbpw tZmj--
Objectives of AHEP
Iuamcw
Out put
108
t{ImUo-Ic- Ww
Imcy-
hyn-_---fn {in-t-
III
II
p-Xv Fv?
Nmv
am s]
t]
Nmv t]
t]\
kv{Io
Nmv
I Bi-b- hyXn-bm\w
({]h-\w)
N
tPyman-Xob cq]w
BwKy-co-Xn-bp kw`mjWw
t{ImUo-Ic- Ww
Session 6 (1 hr)
Bi-bh
- n-\n-ab
- t- ijn
Ib 2 ao
Av Xqhm-e-I
t]
Nmv
Materials Required
Activity
Session
Objective
kvt\lw, hnhmlw Fo
_-
s]cp- a m- - - f n \npw
Hgnp \n
kulr- Z w, Infactuation,
[mc-W-
\ hyn-_--
kv t \l- s - p- d n- p
hmNm- k w- t h- Z - \ hpw av
ss\]pWn Dm-Ip-p.
^e-{]-Za- mb Bi-bh
- n-\n-ab
Out put
109
Session 1- Iuam-c-m-cpsS hf
(1 Hr)
Cu skj- BIp-n-Ipw
s]Ip-n-Ipw shtsd BbnmWv sNt-X
- v.
Iuamc hf
Iuamc Ime-L--nse imco-cnI
hyXn-bm-\- s]Ipn/
BIp-n. imco-cnI am--sfp-dnv [mcW Dm-Ip--Xn\v.
Session
Objective
I
t]
Nmv t], t]\
Materials Required
_mhp-hns IY BIpn-
Chart Paper
Marker
Charts showing the physical changes
`mKw 2 Iuam-c{]mb-m-cpsS hf
II
Group Discussion
Fp-sImv Cu {]Xn-Ic- Ww?
hnImc {]I-S\w
tlm-ense `-W-nse ]m
Activity
n-If
- nepw s]Ip-n-Ifnepw Dm-Ip imco-cnI
hyXn-bm-\--sf-n [mcW
ssIh-cn-pp.
3 hn`mKw P\-
IWw
]c-kv]-cm-\ PohnXw
Fm- h pw \- b p- m-
tIm]w sX
tIm]-ns A\--c-^-e-
Out put
110
Session 3- Iuam-c
- m-cpsS {]iv\
- fpw
]cn-lm-c-fpw (1 Hr)
Iuam-c-m-cpsS {]iv\-fpw ]cnlm-c
- fpw
imco-cnI {]iv\-, ]cn-lmc
am- Fn-h-sb-p-dnv
[mcW t\Sp-p.
Session 2 (1 Hr)
Iuamc hf
Iuamcnse am\-kn-I, kmaqlnI am--sf-p-dnv [mcW
Dm-Ip-p.
Day/Session
Objective
D]-tbm-Kn-p {]h-\w.
{Kqv UnkvI-j
t{ImUo-Ic- Ww
{]iv\
- {]Xn-hn-[n-I ImUv
{]iv\-
{]Xn-hn-[-I ImUp-I
am\-kn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-Ih
- p-amb
am-
hynXz cq]o- I - c - W - n\v
klm-bn-p-p.
ico-ck
-
- ev]w
]qcI
enwK- ns- - h tcmSp at\m-`mhw
ssewKnI Imcy-f- nse
Pnmk
kzmX-{y-hm-bpw cn-Xm-tfm-Sp AIbpw
A]-IS- I
- c- a- mb {]hn-I
{]iv\
- / {]Xn-hn-[n-I
Fn-hs- b-p-dnv icnbmb
Adnhv e`n-p-p.
IuamcmcpsS imco-cnI
imco-cnI kev]w
kml-kn-I-amb {]hr-n-bn
Gs-Sp--Xn-\p {]h-WX
Iuam-c-nse am\-knI
hyXn-bm-\
-
Out put
Iuam-c-{]m-b-n Dm-Ip
hmbn-p-hm Bh-iy-s-Sp-p.
Ipn-I, Iuam-c-n-tev {]th-in-tm Ah-cpsS kz`m-h-nepw
s]cp-am--nepw h am--sf-pdnv {Kqv Xncnv N-sN-p--p.
{Kqv eoU Ah-X-cn-n-p-p.
RP group discussion \S-p-p.
t{ImUo-Ic- Ww
k`- Nmn-se-gp-Xn-b-Xv
Marker pen, OHP
Materials Required
Activity
111
Part II (B)
Session - 1
{]P-\-\-hy-h (1 Hr)
Iuam-c
- mcnse am\-knI, kmaq-lnI
am- (1 Hr)
IuamcmcpsS {]iv\-fpw ]cnlm-c
- fpw
am\-kn-I, kmaq-lnI {]iv\, ]cn-lm-c- Fn-h-sbp-dnv [mcW t\Sp--Xn-\v.
Day/Session
Activity
sNdp-{]m-b-nse K`-[m-c-W-hp-
Marker, Chart
Materials Required
LmX
Adnhv
{]P-\\-s-p-dnv icn-bmb
{]P-\\ Ah-b-h--sfnbpw
knI {]iv\
- f
- mb hnjm-Zw, A]IjXmt_m[w, GIm-{K-X-bnmbva Fnhsb XcWw sNm\p Ignhv Bn-pp
]pI-bn-se, aZyw, ab-p-a-cpv
Fn-hbpsS Zqjy-hi
-
-
Ah-bpsS D]-tbmKw XS-bp--Xn\p hgn-I
Nn-bmb Pohn-X{- Iaw
Bm-`n-am\ Ipdhv
A]-Ij-Xm-t_m[w
hnjmZw
C^mIvtNzj
Iuam-cme-p-m-Ip am\-
Out put
112
tNmZy- FgpXn tNmZy-s-n-bn
\nt-]n-p-p.
Bh-iy-amb hni-Zo-Ic- Ww RTI, STI
Fn-h-sb-p-dn-v
NnIn-m-co-Xn-Isf Ipdnv, tcmK-
Session - 1 (1 hr)
RTI, STI, Fnhsbp-dnpw AhbpsS e-W
- , NnIn-m-coXn
Fn-h-sb-p-dnv [mcW t\Sp-Xn-\v.
Paper,
tNmZy-spen,
nlarge sheet of paper
t]
Black board
Paper,
pen, large sheet of paper
Paper
\nbsp-dnv
I-fn-embn Fgp-Xn-b-Xv D]-tbm-Kn-psIm-p ]cn-io-e\w
tNmZy-s-n-bnse kwi-b\
- n-hm-cWw
t{ImUo-Ic- Ww
tNmZy-sn
t]
STI, RTI Fn-hs- b-p-dnv hni-ZoI-cn-p-hm Ign-bp Nn{X-,
Nmp-I
s]mXp-
N
tNmZy FgpXn tNmZy-s-nneed
of
birth
bn \nt-control
]n-p-p.
Bh-i
^kn-en-t- Iqnkwiby-\
- an-mbh
hm-cWw
tpp
kwi-b\
- n-hm-cWw
Materials Required
s]mXp-N
need of birth control
Bh-iy-ambh ^kn-en-t- Iqntpp
kwi-b\
- n-hm-cWw
s]Ipn-I, BIp-n-I,
s]mXp-N
Iqpw
_m[-I-amb
cp
need of
birth control
{]h\w
Bh-iy-ambh ^kn-en-t- Iqntpp
kwi-b\
- n-hm-cWw
enwK]Zhn
enwK-t`Zw, ssewKn-I-X,
{]P-\\
- m-tcmKyw
Day/Session
Objective
kn^n-enkv
_mIvSo-cn-b hPn-t\m-knkv
sKmtW-dnb
man-Unb
P\n- slnkv
ss{Stm-tam-Wn-bm-knkv
ImUn-Un-bm-knkv
RTI
STI
K`-[m-c-Whpw, K`-\n-tcm-[-\-
s-p-dnpw
Adnhp t\Sp-p.
enwKt`Zw
Fnhsbpdnv
A]I-S-I-c-amb
ssewKn-I-_t_m[ysv
kwib
ns
`hnj
-p-I-sf-n
\nhmcWw sNsSpp.
Adnhv e`n-p-p.
K`-[m-c-Whpw,
K`-\n-tcm-[-\ ssewKnIX,
enwK]Zhn,
K`-[m-c-Whpw, K`-\n-tcm-[-\-
Out put
113
\v.
Session - 2 (1 12 hr)
Day/Session
Objective
tNmZy-
tNmZy-s-n-bn-te-b
v p tNmZy-
FgpXn \nt-]n-p-p.
HIVsbp-dnv hni-Zo-Ic- n-p-p.
tizX-c
- m-Wp-hns Nn{Xw ImWn-pp.
HIV-WBC B{I-an-p-Xv hni-Zo-Ic
- npp
HIV ]I-cp am-sf Ipdnv hniZo-Ic- n-pp
HIV]I-cm am-s
- f-p-dnv hniZo-Ic- n-pp
Nn{X- D]-tbm-Knv ]I-cp-h
- , ]Icmh Is-m ]d-bp-p.
{Kqv BIpp Fp-sImv Fv
hni-Zo-Ic- n-m Bh-iy-s-Sp-p.
tNmZy-s-n- bnse kwi-b\
- n-hm-cWw
Nn{Xw
tizX-c-m-Wp-hns Nn{Xw
icocw HIVv ASn-ab
- m-Ip
Nn{Xw
tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm-[-tijn \in-Xv
ImWn-p Imq
HIV]I-cp am-s
- f-p-dnp
Nn{X
HIV]I-cm am-s
- f-pdnp Nn{X
shn-sb-Sp-m-hp Nn{X-
t^m-tm-tIm-n
tNmZy-sn
HIVbpsS LS\ ImWn-p
Materials Required
tizX-c
- mWp HIV B{I-aWw
tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm[ tijn timjWw
HIV ]I-cp am-
cw kzoI-cn-
A-bn \nv inip-hn-tebvv
ape-bq-
kndnv Bhn-p-]-tbm-Kn
HIV ]I-cm am-
lkvXZ- m\w
sImXp-Ip-ISn
c-Zm\w
Out put
114
Session - 3 (1 12 hr)
Activity
t{ImUo-Ic- Ww
bm?
FbnUvkns\ Ipdnv A[ym-]I
-
am-\ntiw \evIp--Xn-\v.
(B.-]n.) hni-Zo-Ic- n-p-p. hnhn[
L- ImWn- p- p, Nmv
{]Zin-n-pp
FbnUvkv A\p-_--tcm-K-
Day/Session
Objective
Nmv
tNmtZym-c-
- - nI
hnhn[ Nn- tcJ-s-Sp-nb
ImUp-I
t]
FbnUvkv hnhn[ L- ImWnp Nmv
Materials Required
PCR
apI-cp-X-ep-I
Out put
Zone / Ward
To be filled in by
Level
Language of Instruction
AEP implementation took place last year
Yes / No
Male
Female
115
Yes/No
Yes/No
Covered means 16 hours of AEP with all the sessions in all sections of IX and XI completed
Boys
Total
Covered
Girls
Total
Covered
Total
Total Students
No. Covered
IX
XI
Other
Events /Activity
1.
Debate
2.
Quiz Contest
3.
Group discussion
4.
5.
Essay competition
6.
Question Box
7.
Value clarification
8.
Role Plays
9.
Case Studies
Other Activity
116
Conducted / Not
conducted
Date on which
Conducted and
no.of participants
Advocacy meetings :
Activity
Date on which
conducted and
no. of participants
Date
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Iuam-c-{]mb-m-cpsS BtcmKy{]iv\--sf-p-dnv IqSp-X-e-dn-bm
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0484 - 4099899 F \-dn hnfn-pI
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117