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B-‡gBjt nogor_o_nagorik@yahoo.com
I‡qe mvBUt www.kuurp.org
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control.”
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Z_¨m~Î: cwi‡ekcÎ (Gwcªj-Ryb 2003, c„:4)
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cÖfve| Z_¨m~Î: ÷vi g¨vMvwRb (GwcÖj 2004, c„:10)
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Z_¨m~Ît
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bMi Dbœqb, cÖ‡dmiÕm cÖKvkb, XvKv,†m‡Þ¤î 2003
cwi‡ekcÎ ,Gwcªj-Ryb 2003, c„:4
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bMi I MÖvgxY cwiKíbv wWwmwc-‡bi cÖavb mgm¨v mg~nt

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bMi I MÖvgxY cwiKíbv wWwmwc-‡b fwZ© nb 1991 mv‡j| wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K GKRb MÖvRy‡qU c-vbvi
wn‡m‡e †ei nb 1995 mv‡j| Gi ci wZwb evsjv‡`k cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K bMi I AÂj
cwiKíbvq mœvZ‡KvËi wWMÖx AR©b K‡ib| Zvi ci †_‡KB wZwb cwiKíbvwe` wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i
hv‡”Qb|
bMi I bvMwiK t Lyjbvi bMi mgm¨v¸‡jv wK wK?

‰mq`v jvqjv bvwM©m t Lyjbv †`‡ki Z…Zxq e„nËg bMix n‡jI miKv‡ii my`w„ ó GLv‡b A‡c¶vK…Z Kg|
iv¯—vNvU,†eKviZ¡,¯^v¯’¨ m‡PZbZv,wPËwe‡bv`‡bi Afve, †Wª‡bR eë¯’v BZ¨vw` cÖavb mgm¨v| Avgiv
A‡bK cwiKíbv MÖnY Kwi wKš—y A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK mgm¨vi Kvi‡b †m¸‡jv ev¯—evqb Kiv m¤¢e ‰mq`v jvqjv bvwM©m
nq bv|Avi GKwU Ab¨Zg mgm¨v Lyjbvi Dbœq‡b wb‡qvwRZ wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ mgš^qnxbZv| Gi cwiKíbv Awdmvi,
Lyjbv Dbœqb KZ„©c¶ I
Rb¨ A‡bK A‡_©i AcPq nq Ges A‡bK cÖKí ev¯—evqb Kiv KwVb n‡q c‡o| cÖKí cwiPvjK,
gsjv gv÷vic-vb cÖKí
bMi I bvMwiK t Lyjbv bM‡ii mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ wK Kiv DwPZ e‡j g‡b K‡ib?
‰mq`v jvqjv bvwM©m t †Kvb AÂ‡ji Dbœq‡bi c~e©kZ© n‡”Q H GjvKvi A_©‰bwZK MwZkxjZv| Lyjbv GK mgq wQj wkíbMix| Lyjbvi
A_©‰bwZK MwZkxjZv cybi“¾xweZ Ki‡Z n‡j Lyjbvi eÜ n‡q hvIqv wkí cÖwZôvb ¸‡jv‡K cybivq Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡Z †eKviZ¡
mgm¨vi mgvavb n‡e †mB mv‡_ gvby‡li Rxeb hvÎvi gv‡bi DbœwZ NU‡e| wk‡íi cÖ‡qvR‡bB AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb Z¡ivwš^Z n‡e| wkí
cÖwZôv‡bi cvkvcvwk gsjv e›ì‡KI cybi“¾xweZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
bMi I bvMwiK t eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖ¶vc‡U c-vbvi‡ì Ae¯’v wK?

‰mq`v jvqjv bvwM©m t evsjv‡`‡k c-vwbs †ckvwU bZzb| GLbI c-vbvi‡ì my‡hvM mxwgZ| ‡`‡ki Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ c-vbvi‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
miKvi‡K eySv‡Z n‡e| Zvic‡iI Avkvi K_v n‡”Q kxNÖB evsjv‡`‡ki †cŠimfv ¸‡jv‡Z 80 Rb c-vbvi wb‡qv‡Mi ‡Póv Pj‡Q| Gfv‡eB
c-vbvi‡ì †¶Î w`b w`b evo‡e e‡j Avkv KiwQ|
bMi I bvMwiK t Avcwb wK evsjv‡`‡ki c-vwbs wk¶v‡K hyM‡cvhyMx e‡j g‡b K‡ib?
‰mq`v jvqjv bvwM©m t nüv, Avwg g‡b Kwi Avgv‡ì †`‡ki c-vwbs Gi cov‡kvbv A‡bK DbœZ I Avš—R
© vwZK gvb m¤úbœ| Avi †m Kvi‡bB
Avgv‡ì †`‡ki c-vbviiv †`‡k I we‡`‡k mybv‡gi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Q|
bMi I bvMwiK t c-vwbs m¤ú©‡K mvavib gvby‡li aviYv wK?

‰mq`v jvqjv bvwM©m t c-vwbs m¤ú‡K© mvaviY gvby‡li aviYv †bB ej‡jB P‡j| GLbI mvaviY gvbyl bvMwiK AwaKvi I KZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K©
m‡PZb bq|†ekxi fvM †jv‡KB wbqg Kvbyb Rv‡b bv, Rvb‡ZI Zv‡ì AvMÖn Kg| Avi hviv Rv‡b ZvivI gvb‡Z Pvq bv| Avi G
Kvi‡bB kni¸‡jv AcwiKwíZfv‡e †e‡o DV‡Q| gv÷vi c-vb m¤ú‡K© mvavi‡Yi aviYv G‡Kev‡iB ‡bB|
bMi I bvMwiK t fwel¨r c-vbvi m¤ú©‡K Avcbvi e³e¨?

‰mq`v jvqjv bvwM©m t fwel¨r cwiKíbvwe`‡ì Rb¨ wKQz ej‡Z †M‡jB †h K_vwU ejv DwPZ Zv n‡jv, †Zvgiv ïaygvÎ cvVëB Gi g‡a¨
mxgve× †_‡Kv bv| c-vwbs Gi wewfbœ c×wZ I wbqg- Kvbyb Rvbvi cvkvcvwk evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖ¶vc‡U †m¸‡jv‡K wPš—v Ki‡Z n‡e|
evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK,A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK êwk‡óï Dci wfwË K‡i Avgv‡ì †`‡ki cwiKíbv cÖbqYI ev¯—evqb Kiv nq| †mRb¨
cª‡Z¨KwU †¶‡Î ev¯—eZvi mv‡_ wgj Lyu‡R, weP¶YZvi cwiPq w`‡Z n‡e|
mv¶vZKvi MÖn‡Yt †gvt ZvRyj Bmjvg Zvbfxi I †gvt †iRvDi ingvb, 3q el©, bMÖvc wWwmwc-b, Lyjbv wek¦we`¨vjq, Lyjbv|
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cÖ‡dmi Wt †iRvDj Kwig Lyjbv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GKRb ¯^bvgab¨ Aa¨vcK| wZwb Avi.†K m¨vi bv‡g cwiwPZ| wZwb ïay evsjv‡`‡ki
GKRb mdj cwiKíbvwe` bb, wZwb cwiKíbvwe` ˆZwii KvwiMiI e‡U| wZwb 1991 mvj †_‡K Lyjbv wek¦we`¨vj‡q cwiKíbvwe`
ˆZwii KvwiMi wn‡m‡e AK¬vš— kªg w`‡q hv‡”Qb|wZwbB cÖ_g evsjv‡`‡k wR AvB Gm Gi Dci evsjv fvlvq †gŠwjK I eënvwiK aviYv
m~PK MÖš’ Ó†fŠMwjK Z_¨ eë¯’v
c×wZÓ Gi cÖ‡YZv| eZ©gv‡b
wZwb Lyjbv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi bMi I
MÖvgxY cwiKíbv wWwmwc-‡bi cÖavb
Ges weÁvb, cÖ‡KŠkj I cÖhyw³we`¨v
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1960 mv‡ji 1jv Rvbyqvix ewikvj
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MÖ‡gi GK m¤£vš— cwiev‡i Rb¥ MÖnb
K‡ib| Zvi wcZvi bvg ‡gvt Avãyj
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wk¶v I Kg©‡¶Î t
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wZwb fwZ© nb XvKvi †miv K‡jR bUi‡Wg K‡j‡R| GLvb †_‡K cvm K‡i wZwb fwZ© nb evsjv‡`k K„wl wek¦we`¨vj‡q| †mLv‡b wZwb K…wl
cÖ‡KŠk‡j MÖvRy‡qU wWMÖx jvf K‡ib| AZci wZwb evsjv‡`k cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vj‡q bMi I AÂj cwiKíbvi Dci mœvZ‡KvËi wWMÖx
m¤úbœ K‡i evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv BbwówUD‡U M‡elYv Kg©KZ©v wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib|GQvov wZwb `yÕeQi ivRD‡Ki we‡klÁ
cwiKíbvwe` wn‡m‡eI KvR K‡ib| 1985 mv‡j 5g wewmGm cix¶vq DËxY© n‡q cwiKíbv gš¿Yvj‡q ev¯—evqb cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqY
wefv‡Mi mnKvix cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e wZb eQi PvKzix Kivi ci 1990- 1991 mv‡j Lyjbv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wk¶vµg Pvjy nIqvi cÖvi‡¤¢ wZwb
bMi I MÖvgxY cwiKíbv wWwmwc-‡b mnKvix Aa¨vcK c‡` cÖ_g wk¶K wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges cÖ_g wWwmwc-b cÖav‡bi ØvwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡ib| wZwb BwZg‡a¨ nsKs wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K wRAvBGm Gi Dci D”PZi cÖwk¶Y Ges c‡i KvbvWv m¨vi m¨vÛ‡dvW© †d¬wgs K‡jR
†_‡K wRAvBGm cÖ‡qvM we‡klÁ †cÖvMÖvg (GIS Application Specialist Program) Gi Dci mœvZ‡KvËi wW‡cvgv w WMÖx j vf K ‡ib|
1996 mv‡j wZwb mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK c‡` wbhy³ nb Ges 2001 mv‡j wZwb ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq n‡Z wcGBPwW wWMÖx jvf K‡ib| wewfbœ
mgq wZwb evsjv‡`k QvovI Bsj¨vÛ, ¯‹Uj¨vÛ, KvbvWv, Pxb, nsKs, _vBj¨vÛ I fvi‡Z 20 wUi I AwaK †mwgbv‡i AskMÖnb K‡ib|
wZwb Lyjbv wek¦we`¨vjq wmwÛ‡KU I GKv‡WwgK KvDwÝ‡ji GKRb m`m¨|
wZwb evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, BwÄwbqvwis Bwbw÷wUDU, evsjv‡`k Bwbw÷wUDU Ae c-vbvim, K…wlwe` Bwbw÷wUDU, evsjv‡`k
b¨vkbvj wRIMÖvwdK Bbdi‡gkb BZ¨vw` msMV‡bi m`m¨|
cÖKvkbv t
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cÖKvwkZ G ch©š— 11 wUi †ekx wbeÜ I M‡elYvg~jK cÖeÜ †`k- we‡`‡ki Rvb©vj I cÎ- cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| wZwb eZ©gv‡b
wRAvBGm 9 fvm©‡bi Dci GKwU evsjv eB wjL‡Qb|
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cÖfvlK, bMi I MÖvgxY cwiKíbv wWwmwc-b, Lyjbv wek¦we`¨vjq
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bMi ev kn‡ii Rb¨ dzUcv_ GKwU ¸i“Z¡cY~ © welq| cwiKwíZ kni wWRvB‡b c_Pvix‡ì Rb¨ Aek¨B wbivc` Ges ¯^v”Q›` c~Y© dzUcv_
_vKv evÂbxq| evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk kn‡iB dzUcv_¸wj AcwiKwíZfv‡e Ges AcÖk¯’ iv¯—vi mgš^‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q| †mRb¨ Avgv‡ì
†`‡ki kni¸‡jv‡Z hvbRU I moK `~N©Ubvi SzuwK AZ¨š— †ekx| eZ©gv‡b †`‡k †hme bZzb iv¯—v I †mZz ˆZix Kiv n‡”Q †m¸‡jv‡Z
dzUcv_ ivLv n‡”Q| wKš—y †ekxi fvM dzUcv_¸wj A‰ea †`vKvb, ¯’vcbv I wbg©vb mvgMÖx Øviv `Lj n‡q i‡q‡Q, hv c_Pvix‡ì mvavib
PjvP‡j evav m„wó K‡i|
kn‡i dzUcv‡_i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq welq mg~n t

1. hvbevnb Pjvi Rb¨ ch©vß RvqMv †i‡L dzUcv_ ˆZix Kiv DwPr
2. hvbevnb Pjvi cvkvcvwk dzUcv‡_i eë¯’v ivLv
3. hvbevnb Pjvi mv‡_ dzUcv‡_i D”PZvi cv_©K¨
4. iv¯—vi cv‡ki ¯’vcbvi mv‡_ `~iZ¡ i¶v Kiv
5. iv¯—vi †gv‡oi cÖk¯—Zv wVK ivLv †hb hvbevnb PvjK Ges c_Pvixi wecixZ w`‡K †`Lvi myweav cvq
6. iv¯—vi wWfvBWvi, AvBj¨vÛ Ges dzUcv_ mwVKfv‡e ¯’vcb Kiv
7. c_Pvix PjvP‡j Amyweav m„wóKvix †Kvb ê`y¨wZK LywU RvZxq wKQz dzUcv‡_ bv ivLv
8. wbw`ó `yiZ¡ cici iv¯—v cvivcv‡ii my‡hvM _vKv
9. iv¯—v I dzUcv_ hZUv m¤¢e mgZj ivLv
wPÎt GKwU dzUcv‡_i Dci †`vKvb c_Pvix‡ì PjvP‡j evav m„wó Ki‡Q wPÎt dzUcv_ ˆZix Kivi Av`k© wbqg
dzUcv‡_i b~b¨Zg cÖk¯’Zvt

hvbevnb Pjv iv¯—vi mv‡_ dzUcv_ _vK‡j †m dzUcv‡_i cÖk¯’Zv 6 dzU Ges iv¯—v †_‡K Avjv`v dzUcv‡_i Rb¨ 5 dzU cÖk¯—Zv ivLv
cÖ‡qvRb| Gi †P‡q Kg n‡j GKmv‡_ cvkv cvwk `yÕRb nvUv KóKi Ges cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ AviI KóKi| Z‡e wKQz wKQz GjvKv †hgbt
¯‹zj, K‡jR, wek¦we`¨vjq, †Ljvayjvi gvV, cvK©, kwcs †m›Uvi BZ¨vw` GjvKvi †¶‡Î b~b¨Zg cÖk¯’Zv 8 dz‡Ui †ekx nIqv DwPZ|
dzUcv‡_i KvswLZ cÖk¯’Zvt

dzUcv‡_i KvswLZ cÖk¯—Zv wbf©i K‡i cv‡ki f~wgi eënv‡ii Dci| A‡bK †¶‡Î KvswLZ cÖk¯—Zv b~b¨Zg cÖk¯’Zvi †P‡q A‡bK †ekx
nq| kwcs †m›Uvi ev gv‡K©U GjvKvq c_Pvixi Avwa‡Kï Kvi‡b dzUcv_ 12 †_‡K 40 dzU ch©š— cÖk¯’ Kiv nq| hy³iv‡óªi IqvwksUb
wWwmi †cbwmj‡fwbqv 30 dzU I †K.÷ªxU G 20 dzU Ges †¯ú‡bi eªv‡m‡jvbvi c¨vwmI wW MÖ¨vwgqv 36-38 dzU cÖk¯’ dzUcv_ i‡q‡Q|
c-vbvi‡ì b~b¨Zg cÖk¯’Zvi w`‡K ¸i“Z¡ w`‡Z n‡e, Aek¨ Aí ˆ`‡N©ï iv¯—vi †¶‡Î wKQzUv wkw_jZv cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡Z cv‡i| Lye Kg †¶‡ÎB
iv¯—vi cÖk¯’Zvi mv‡_ dzUcv‡_i cÖk¯’Zv hvPvB Kiv nq| dzUcv_ wWRvBb Kivi mgq GjvKvi f~wgi eënvi, hvbevnb PjvP‡ji wcK-
mgq, evwYwR¨K GjvKvi Kg©e¨¯—Zv Ges Uzï evm I Uz¨‡ii mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi cÖfve we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e| evwbwR¨K
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GjvKvi cwiKíbv Kivi mgq Aek¨B f~wgi gvwjK, †P¤^vi Ad Kgvm© Ges ¯’cwZ‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kiv Ri“ix, †hb cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx
dzUcv_ ˆZix Kiv hvq|
dzUcv‡_i wWRvBb Kivi mgq gUi mvB‡Kj I evBmvB‡Kj Av‡ivnx‡ì K_vI we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e| Zv‡ì PjvP‡ji Rb¨ dzUcv_ I
iv¯—vi gaëZ©x wKQz ¯’vb ivL‡Z n‡e| wewfbœ M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q CBD (Central Business District) Ges evwYwR¨K iv¯—vq 12 dzU
cÖk‡¯’i dzUcv_ hvbevn‡bi †ekx MwZi Rb¨ Dchy³|
dzUcv_ ˆZixi Dcv`vbt

hwÌ †ekxi fvM dzUcv_ Kswµ‡Ui ˆZix nq wKQz †¶‡Î weUzwgb fv‡jv Dcv`vb n‡Z cv‡i| mvaviYZ Kswµ‡Ui `xN©¯’vwqZ¡ Ges nvjKv
is Gi Kvi‡b G‡K dzUcv‡_i Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv nq| G‡¶‡Î Kswµ‡Ui cwie‡Z© fv‡jv Dcv`vb n‡Z cv‡i weUzwgb|
dzUcv‡_i cvk¦©eZ©x GjvKvt

hvbevnb I c_Pvix‡ì wbivcËv I kn‡ii †mŠ›`h©¨ e„w×i Rb¨ iv¯—vi cvk¦©eZ©x wKQz RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb| hv cvwb wb®‹vkb, cqtwb®‹ vkb,
f~Mf©¯’ †Uwj‡dvb I we`y¨r jvBb Gi Rb¨ eënvi Kiv nq| Gai‡bi eënv‡ii Rb¨ Kgc‡¶ 5 †_‡K 10 dzU RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb| AvevwmK
GjvKv‡Z myD”P wewìs Gi †mU e¨vK i“j(Set Back Rule) Gi gva¨‡g GB e¨vcvi¸‡jv wbwðZ Kiv nq| GB cÖk¯’Zv 5 †_‡K 10 dzU
ivLv m¤¢e bv n‡j Kgc‡¶ 2 dzU iv¯—v Aek¨B ivL‡Z n‡e| cÖk¯’Zv Kg n‡j cv_i eënvi Kiv myweavRbK|
MÖvgxY dzUcv_t
DbœZ we‡k¦i A‡bK MÖv‡gi iv¯—vi `yÕcv‡k dzUcv_ _vK‡jI Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i †`k¸‡jv‡Z MÖv‡gi iv¯—vq dzUcv_ †bB ej‡jI P‡j| MÖvgxY
GjvKvq hvbevnb PjvP‡ji iv¯—vi mv‡_B dzUcv_ ivLv nq| iv¯—vi cv‡k †Wªb _vK‡j dzUcv_ †Wª‡bi c‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| †hme MÖvgxY
GjvKv kn‡ii cv‡k †mme MÖvgxY GjvKvi iv¯—v cÖk¯— ivLv nq fwel¨r bMivq‡Yi ev kni e„w×i K_v wPš—v K‡i| Gme †¶‡Î dzUcv‡_i
cÖk¯’Zv wnmve K‡iB iv¯—v cÖk¯’ ivLv nq| MÖvgxY iv¯—vi †¶‡Î wbivcËvi welqwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Avi †mRb¨B ÷ªxU jvB‡Ui cÖwZ we‡kl ¸i“Z¡
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eªx‡Ri dzUcv_t
mvB‡Kj Av‡ivnx I c_Pvix‡ì Rb¨ eªx‡Ri dzUcv_ ivLv nq| eªx‡Ri dzUcv_ mvaviY dzUcv‡_i gZ cÖk¯’ Ges Dfq cv‡k ivLv DwPr,
wKš—y me‡¶‡Î m¤¢e bv n‡j Aš—Z GKw`‡K Aek¨B ivL‡Z n‡e|Z‡e hw` GKcv‡k dzUcv_ ivLv nq Z‡e h‡_ó cÖk¯’Zvi w`‡K Aek¨B
†Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e| eªx‡Ri dzUcv_ ivLv nq †hb mvB‡Kj Av‡ivnx I c_Pvixiv †hb g~j iv¯—vq G‡m `yN©Ubvi wkKvi bv nq|
evsjv‡`‡ki gZ Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki kni ¸‡jv‡Z c_Pvixi cwigvY A‡bK †ekx| GKvi‡Y Gme kn‡i dzUcv‡_i ÷¨vÛvW© (Av`k© wbqg )
I wbqg Kvbyb †g‡b Pjv AZxe Ri“ix GKwU welq| dzUcv‡_i mwVK cÖk¯’Zv Ges Ae¯’vb wba©vi‡bi Rb¨ cwienY welqK we‡klÁ
Avek¨K| GRb¨ †h‡Kvb ai‡bi moK I dzUcv_ wWRvB‡bi †¶‡Î we‡klÁ cwiKíbvwe`‡ì mn‡hvMxZv I AskMÖnb wbwðZ Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb| GQvovI Avgv‡ì †`‡ki mvaviY RbMb dzUcv‡_i eënvi m¤ú‡K©I m‡PZb bq| ZvB KZ…c‡¶i © DwPZ dzUcv_¸‡jv‡K
PjvP‡ji Dc‡hvMx K‡i ˆZix Kiv Ges Zv eënv‡i DrmvwnZ Kiv| Gi d‡j moK `yN©Ubv n«vm cv‡e A‡bKvs‡k|
K…ZÁZv ¯^xKvit
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K‡i ‡mLvb †_‡K Lye mn‡RB m¨v‡UjvBU n‡Z `~iZ¡ Abymv‡i c„w_exi †Kvb ¯’vb Lyu‡R †ei Kiv m¤¢e| Aciw`‡K wRAvBGm n‡”Q Ggb
GKwU cyb©v½ Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷g hvi Øviv Z_¨ msMÖn, msi¶Y, we‡k-lY Ges Zv †`Lv‡bv hvq| †ekx fvM †¶‡ÎB gvV ch©v‡qi Z_¨ Rwic
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GKwUgvÎ Drm n‡Z msM„nxZ n‡q‡Q wKš—y Avm‡j Zv n‡e `yB| hvi d‡j cÖhyw³K mgš^q A‡bK mgq Z_¨ †Kw›`ªK mgš^q Gi g‡Zv g‡b
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wfwËK †mev (Location Based Services) me©vwaK ¸i“Z¡ cv‡”Q Ges Zv cÖwZwbqZ evo‡Q| mv‡_ mv‡_ cwiKíbv wKsev wmÜvš— MÖnbI
Av‡Mi gZ Avi ïaygvÎ eZ©gvb Pvwn`v cyi‡bB mxgve× ‡bB| hy‡Mvc‡hvMx I fwel¨r Pvwn`v Abyaveb K‡i wm×vš— MÖn‡bi †¶‡Î mwVK,
wbfy©j I mgmvgwqK Z_¨ msMÖn I msi¶Y GKvš— Ri“ix GKUv welq|
Z_¨m~Ît
Chang, T.K. (2003) Introduction to Geographic Information System,Tata McgrawHill, New Dellhi, India
Harrington, A (nd.) GIS and GPS: Technology that work together, Trimble Navigation Ltd, Germany.
Standford, K.(nd.) The Right GPS for Professional Data Collection, Trimble Navigation Ltd, Germany
Jerireeyan,I. & Helali, H.(nd.) Fesibility analysis of Using Global Positionaing Syatem(GPS) for Collecting Dynemic GIS Data,
KN Tossi University of Technology.
www.ecologyandsocity.org/vols/iss2/ast6 (Accessed in 12 January 2006)
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we‡kl wbqg †ei K‡ib, ïay ZvB bq, Av‡gwiKvb †cÖwm‡W›U d«v¼wjb wW. i“R‡fë G mgq wewfbœ cÖ‡R± MÖnb K‡ib I cwiKíbvi Rb¨
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Z_¨m~Ît
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2006. © 1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation.
www.riversidecity.ie/limerick.htm
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mwbœwnZ GjvKvq we¯—xY© f~wg _vK‡jI Zv A‡c¶vK…Z wbPz I wcU
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Aqua-Sheltech Consortium, Structure Plan, Master Plan and Detail Area Plan,
eybb I cÖKw… Z wePv‡i Gi fvi enb ¶gZv LyeB Kg| hv bMi Vol.2, Structure Plan,(Khulna: Khulna Development Authority,2001), p.28
AeKvVv‡gv I BgviZ wbg©v‡bi Rb¨ Dchy³ bq eis e¨qeûj|

we.`ª.: †jLvwU AvBweGm Rvb©v‡j 11Zg msL¨vq cÖKvwkZ †jL‡KiB GKwU cÖe‡Üi Askwe‡k‡li Dci wfwË K‡i †jLv|
1
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Lyjbv bMivq‡Yi weKv‡k f~wg mgm¨v I cÖ¯—vebv
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gvbwPÎt Lyjbv kn‡ii weKvk
Drmt Aqua-Sheltech Consortium, Structure Plan, Master Plan and Detail Area Plan, Vol.1, Urban Strategy,(Khulna: Khulna Development Authority,2001), p.11
Lyjbv bMivq‡Yi weKv‡k cÖKw… Z I cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨vmg~n QvovI f~wgmsµvš— †ek wKQy mgm¨v i‡q‡Q, †hgb DuPz f~wgi ¯^íZv, f~wg
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kni e„w×‡Z ‡W‡fjc‡g›U K‡›Uªvjt Lyjbv Dbœqb KZ©…c‡¶i f~wgKv
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we¯—vwiZ c-vb cÖ¯—vet
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Z_¨ m~Ît w` wewìs KÝUªvKkb i“jm,1996
bMi
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2. cÖ¯—vweZ f~wgi we¯—vwiZ eY©bv
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6. wewìs ˆZix ïi“ Kivi AvbygvwbK ZvwiL w`‡Z n‡e
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c-vb Aby‡gv`bt
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†bqvi c~Y© AwaKvi Av‡Q| wewìs KÝUªvKkb i“j,1996 Gi 7 I 8 Aby‡”Q` Abyhvqx †h‡Kvb KÝUªvKk‡bi KvR Kivi Kgc‡¶ 7 w`b
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KviY `k©vI †bvwUk cvVv‡Z cvi‡e| GB †bvwUk cvevi 7 w`‡bi g‡a¨ hw` KÝUªvKk‡bi KvR eÜ A_ev c-vb Aby‡gv`b bv K‡i Z‡e
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RwUjZvi Kvi‡b RvnvR gvwjKiv Zv‡ì RvnvR GB e›`‡i cvVv‡Z AvMÖnx nq bv|
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MZ wZb A_© eQ‡ii Avq-e¨v‡qi wnmve(UvKv)t

A_© eQi ‡jvKmv‡bi cwigvb(UvKv)
2002- 2003 5 †KvwU 51 jvL 26 nvRvi
2003- 2004 8 †KvwU 4 jvL 87 nvRvi
2004- 2005 12 †KvwU 31 jvL 79 nvRvi
Z_¨m~Ît ˆ`wbK mgKvj, 22 Rvbyqvix 2006
wKš—y 1998- 99 A_©eQ‡i GB e›ì 23 †KvwU 72 jvL 82 nvRvi UvKv jvf K‡i‡Q|
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1998-1999 7821.05 5048.23 2372.82
1999-2000 7876.10 5413.46 2462.64
2000-2001 7586.16 5504.44 2081.72
2001-2002 7058.87 5275.13 1783.74
2002-2003 5588.50 6139.76 -551.26
2003-2004 4770.18 5575.50 -804.87
2004-2005 4682.30 5914.09 -1231.79
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A_© eQi idZvwb (jvL †g.Ub) Avg`vwb (jvL †g.Ub) †gvU K‡›UBbvi
jvL †g. Ub wUBBDR
1999-2000 27.73 3.10 30.83 19459
2000-2001 25.19 3.04 28.23 18928
2001-2002 20.20 3.06 23.26 20927
2002-2003 14.51 3.50 18.01 23737
2003-2004 11.78 3.16 14.94 27148
2004-2005 12.54 2.21 14.75 25649
ms‡¶‡c gsjv e›ìt P¨v‡bj myweavt P¨v‡b‡ji MfxiZv 7-8 wgUvi| ivB‡UW eqv 51 wU ( Bbvi
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MZ 6 A_© eQ‡i Rvnv‡Ri AvMgb
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gywis eqv‡Z 5wU 2001-2002 266wU
A¨vs‡Kv‡i‡R 5wU 2002-2003 229wU
cÖvB‡fU †RwU‡Z 5wU 2003-2004 175wU
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`w¶Y-cwðg DcK~‡ji Rjve×Zv‡K PwiÎ Abyhvqx `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
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3. dviv°v e¨v‡iR wbg©v‡Yi Kvi‡Y DRv‡b cvwbi Pvc K‡g hvIqv
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mviYx t evsjv‡`‡ki m¤¢ve¨ Rjevqy cwieZ©b wPÎ

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2050 e¨vcK 50 +1.1 (el©vKv‡j) I +1.8 (kxZKv‡j) +28 (el©vKv‡j) I -37 (kxZKv‡j)
Z_¨m~Ît `w¶Y-cwðg DcK~‡ji Rjve×Zv, Kykj ivq,2004
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Zj‡`‡ki D”PZv msiw¶Z GjvKvt eb¨vcÖeb GjvKvi Rb¨
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its effects on urban environment case study on three selected wards of Khulna City Corporetion” wel‡q
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we`vq msea©bv Õ01 e¨vP I 3wU †Kwmwm e„wË
MZ 17B †m‡Þ¤î 2005,Lyjbv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi bMÖvc wWwmwc-‡bi Õ01 e¨v‡Pi we`vq msea©bv AbywôZ nq|Abyôv‡b cÖavb AwZw_ Lyjbv
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‡ivj t 910401 ‡ivj t 910409

bvg t ‰mq`v jvqjv bvwM©m bvg t †gv¯—dv m‡ivqvi wecy
eZ©gvb wVKvbv t c-vwbs Awdmvi, Lyjbv Dbœqb KZ…©c¶ eZ©gvb wVKvbv t mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK,bMÖvc wWwmwc-b,Lywe
‡gvevBj t 01711- 877202 B- ‡gBj t nbipu71@yahoo.com
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bvg t †gvnv¤§v` kvwKj AvLZvi bvg t †gvnv¤§` mvB`yj Bmjvg
eZ©gvb wVKvbv t mnKvix Aa¨vcK, eZ©gvb wVKvbv t Ph.D Student, New Orleon Univ.
bMi I AÂj cwiKíbv wefvM, ey‡qU, XvKv
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eZ©gvb wVKvbv t wmwbqi mnKvix †m‡µUvix,
c-vwbs Kwgkb,XvKv ‡ivj t 910412
‡gvevBj t 0189- 260238 bvg t †gvt b~i“j Imgvb
eZ©gvb wVKvbv t GcvU©‡g›U # G- 2, 1/9/G,
e-K - wm, jvjgvwUqv, XvKv
‡ivj t 910404 Kg©‡¶Î t GIS & MIS Specialist
bvg t ‡gvt kwn`yj Bmjvg, Bangladesh Water Supply Program Project (WB-GoB)
eZ©gvb wVKvbv t Remote Sensing Expert, CEGIS, Dhaka DPHE Bhaban, Kakrail Dhaka-1000
B- ‡gBj t osman@bwspp.org
‡gvevBj t 9359060 ext. 531 ,01711- 143212
‡ivj t 910405 ‡ivj t 910414
bvg t mvwq`v gybv bvg t KvwbR dvwZgv wgZv
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‡ivj t 910415
bvg t gvKmygyj nvwKg
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bvg t dRjyj nK
eZ©gvb wVKvbv t Urban Planner, UDD, Dhaka
‡ivj t 910417
bvg t G Gb Gg Kvqmvi wRjvbx
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bvg t Gm Gg ZwiKz¾vgvb iwb
eZ©gvb wVKvbv t Urban Planner, UDD, Dhaka
‡gvevBj t 0188264799
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Sonadia, Noakhali, or
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Royal Denish Embassy, Dhaka
‡ivj t 910419 ‡gvevBj t 0152-344323
bvg t Avnmvbyj Kwei
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B-‡gBj t makabir@bttb.net.bd
‡gvevBj t 01711-375181
‡ivj t 920401 ‡ivj t 920407

bvg t myRq eo–qv bvg t †gvt mvBdzj †gv‡gb
eZ©gvb wVKvbv t Av‡gwiKv eZ©gvb wVKvbv t mnKvix Aa¨vcK,
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‡ivj t 920402
B-‡gBj t momen@hawais.edu
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bvg t ‡gvt bvwn` gvngy` Lyjbv wek¦we`¨vjq, Lyjbv
eZ©gvb wVKvbv t UvDb c-vbvi, A‡÷ªwjqv, 7/8, Sproule Street, Lakemba, B-‡gBj t sh_smmm@yahoo.com
NSW 2195, Australia
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bvg t Ai“bvf mvnv (wn‡j-vj)
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bvg t dviRvbv ingvb †mZz B-‡gBj t arun2114@yahoo.com
eZ©gvb wVKvbv t Head of Sales Centres,
Sales & Marketing,
Celebration Point ‡ivj t 920410
Raod-113A, Gulshan-2, Dhaka, Ph. 9882990, 041732391, bvg t Avn‡g` Rvgvb ZvwiK
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bvg t KvRx Kvgi“j nvmvb evejv bvg t AvwRRv cvifxb (cwc)
eZ©gvb wVKvbv t Winrock International
85 Avenue A, Turners Falls, MA 01376
B-‡gBj t aparveen@winrock.org
‡gvevBj t 413-863-3087 (Off), 413-773-8058 (Res)
‡ivj t 920413
bvg t ‡gvt Bgivbyj nK (wecy) ‡ivj t 920417
t emranul@gmail.com
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B-‡gBj bvg t bvwM©m gyjZvbv
eZ©gvb wVKvbv t BDGmG
B-‡gBj t nargis@hewain.edu
‡ivj t 920414
bvg t W. ¸jkvb Aviv cvifxb (bxiy) ‡ivj t 920419
eZ©gvb wVKvbv t mnKvix Aa¨vcK, bvg t gvngyìy ingvb †PŠayix (iv‡Qj)
bMi I AÂj cwiKíbv, eZ©gvb wVKvbv t Rvcvb
evsjv‡`k cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv B-‡gBj t mahmudurc@yahoo.com
B-‡gBj t niruurp@yahoo.com
‡ivj t 920420
‡ivj t 920415 bvg t Avngv`yj nK (Zby)
bvg t ‡gvt gwkDi ingvb eZ©gvb wVKvbv t USA
eZ©gvb wVKvbv t Senior GIS and Data Administrator B-‡gBj t tanuhaque@yahoo.com
Asia Energy Corporation (Bangladesh)
Phone: +880 (0)2 885 0205/6, 8817768
B-‡gBj t mosheur@yahoo.com
‡gvevBj t 0173044611
bMi
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MwiK 44

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bMi I bvMwiK

m`m¨t evsjv‡`k GKwU Rbeûj †`k| RbmsL¨vi GB evowZ Pv‡ci d‡j

bMi cwiKíbv t AZxZ I eZ©gvb

gsjv e›`it AZxZ Ges eZ©gvb

cwiKíbv msev` I A¨vjywgbvB

evsjv‡`‡k bMivq‡bi avivt

A_©vr fwel¨Z Kvh©µ‡gi cÖwµqv ev bKkv ˆZix Kiv| mnR mvj

bMi I MÖvgxY cwiKíbv wWwmwc-‡bi cÖavb mgm¨v mg~nt

mgm¨v wbim‡b M„nxZ c`‡¶c mg~nt

wWwmwc-‡bi Dbœq‡b fwel¨Z cwiKíbv mg~nt

PvKyixi †¶‡Î wWwmwc-‡bi ‡¶Î mg~nt

Aš—©fy³ †Kvm© mg~nt

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wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mgm¨v wbimb I h_vh_ Dbœq‡bi ‡¶‡Î cÖavb evav mg~nt

wPÎt Lyjbv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ- wk¶K‡`i cwiKwíZ bMivq‡bi `vex‡Z gvbee×b

eZ©gv‡b wRAvBGm e¨venviKvixi Z_¨t

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evsjv‡`‡k wRAvBGm cÖhyw³t

wewfbœ kni Dbœqb KZ…c¶t

evsjv‡`k †m›Uvi di GWfvÝ ÷vwWRt

bMi I bvMwiK t Lyjbvi bMi mgm¨v¸‡jv wK wK?

bMi I bvMwiK t eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖ¶vc‡U c-vbvi‡`i Ae¯’v wK?

bMi I bvMwiK t c-vwbs m¤ú©‡K mvavib gvby‡li aviYv wK?

bMi I bvMwiK t fwel¨r c-vbvi m¤ú©‡K Avcbvi e³e¨?

kn‡i dzUcv‡_i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq welq mg~n t

dzUcv‡_i b~b¨Zg cÖk¯’Zvt

dzUcv‡_i KvswLZ cÖk¯’Zvt

dzUcv_ ˆZixi Dcv`vbt

dzUcv‡_i cvk¦©eZ©x GjvKvt

wPÎt wRwcGm Øviv msMÖnxZ Z_¨vw` wRAvBGm G ¯’vbvš—i c×wZ

¯’vwbK mgš^q (Position Focused Integration)

cÖhyw³K mgš^q (Technology Focused Integration)

wPÎt ga¨hy‡Mi kni

wPÎt AvaywbK kni ( eKj¨vÛ,Avqvij¨v‡Ûi 3q e„nËg kni )

Lyjbv kn‡ii †MvovcËb, weKvk I f~wg wbev©Pb cÖvwaKvi

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MÖvg Dbœq‡b bM‡ii f~wgKv

MZ wZb A_© eQ‡ii Avq-e¨v‡qi wnmve(UvKv)t

MZ 7 A_© eQ‡i Avq-e¨q(jvL UvKvq)t

gvjvgvj IVv-bvgvi cwigvYt

`w¶Y-cwðg DcK~‡j Rjve×Zvi we¯—vi t

`w¶Y-cwðg DcK~‡ji Rjve×Zvi aiY t

mviYx t evsjv‡`‡ki m¤¢ve¨ Rjevqy cwieZ©b wPÎ

>> >> >>

>> t evo‡e e‡j aviYv Kiv n‡”Q

Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vb Ges cwigvYt

Gm.Gg. kvn gvngy` iweb

Lyjbv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi bMÖvc wWwmwc-‡b mœvZ‡KvËi Pvjy

we`vq msea©bv Õ01 e¨vP I 3wU †Kwmwm e„wË

‡ivj t 910401 ‡ivj t 910409

‡ivj t 920401 ‡ivj t 920407

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