Alice Hanscomb
1 in 20 people will have a seizure in their life time At least 1 in 131 people have epilepsy in the UK with 75 new cases diagnosed daily 50 million world wide have epilepsy making it the most common serious neurological condition globally
80 per cent of the worlds population of people with epilepsy are in developing countries
90 per cent of people with epilepsy in developing countries are not receiving appropriate treatment
Epilepsy is a physical condition It can affect anyone at any age without warning or apparent cause
There are many different causes, about 30 different epileptic syndromes and over 38 different seizure types It can go into remission as suddenly as it started or last a life time
Someone can have more than one type of seizure The seizure type(s) someone has can change with time or with drug treatment
What is epilepsy?
Epilepsy can be defined as:
A neurological condition causing the tendency for repeated seizures of primary cerebral origin
Physical Causes
Head injury from accidents, brain trauma, stroke, brain parasites, infections or diseases (such as cerebral malaria), scars on the brain and brain tumours. In young children: head trauma and/or lack of oxygen during birth. Prolonged febrile convulsions. Brain malformations and/or birthmarks on the brain cause seizures to start early in life or later on
Genetic causes
Increasingly recognised that there are genetic causes for epilepsy Idiopathic epilepsy is thought to have a genetic causes Low seizure threshold can be inherited in a small number of cases
Important to get seizure type right as different treatments are appropriate for different seizure types
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Focal seizures
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Focal seizures
Simple focal seizures
No impairment of consciousness
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Generalised seizures
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Generalised seizures
Secondarily generalised focal onset
Consciousness is lost in generalised seizures
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clonic partial
Complex
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Call for medical help if: They have injured themselves or are having difficulty breathing If they have one seizure after another or the seizure lasts 2 mins longer than normal The tonic clonic seizure goes on for more than 5 mins It is the persons first seizure
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Status Epilepticus
In Tonic clonic seizures and in seizures where breathing is impaired status is a medical emergency
In other seizure types status is easily misdiagnosed but is important to treat
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Types of epilepsy
Idiopathic no structural cause, probably genetic Symptomatic structural cause Cryptogenic no structural cause found but one suspected
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Missed medication Lack of sleep Stress / boredom Irregular eating Over indulgence of alcohol Hormones Visual triggers (very rare)
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Does the person have seizures or are they controlled? If they do, what sort of seizures? How often do they occur and is there a pattern? Do they want/need medication and if so, which? How is the person after their seizures? How would they like others to manage the seizure, if at all? How are they coping with their epilepsy?
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