He1-4 Baru

HEAT EXCHANGER 01
Tugas: memanaskan umpan reaktor berupa uap methanol dari suhu 152.1C
menjadi 250C dengan menggunakan gas panas hasil reaksi yang
keluar dari reaktor
Alat : Heat Exchanger Shell & Tube
Fluida dingin :
Kecepatan massa, W = 6964.4 kg/j = 15353.6 lb/j
Suhu masuk = 152.1C
Suhu keluar = 250C
Sifat-sifat fisis fluida dingin pada :
Ta = (T1 + T2)/2 = (250 + 152.1)/2
= 201.1C
Ditrial sampai X = 1
Komponen
(CH3)2O
CH3OH
H2O
Kg/j
38,2
6579,9
346,3
Kmol/j
0,829
205,346
19,222
xi
0,0037
0,9110
0,0853
Cp
Kal/moloC centiP Btu/jftoF

21,502
0,015 0,0219
13,748
8
0,013
0,0170
8,391
2
0,018
0,0264
x.cp
0,079
12,525
0,716
13,320
6964,4
x.k
0,0001
0,0155
0,0023
0,0178
225,397
1,00000
x.()
0,000
0,043
0,006
0,012
= 0.012 cp = 0.030 lb/j.ft

c = 13.320 kkal/kmol.K = 0.4311 kkal/kg.C
= 9.6 kg/m3 = 0.60 lb/ft3
k = 0.0178 Btu/j.ft.F
Beban panas HE :
Q = 6964.4 x 0.431 x (250 - 152.1)
= 293916.8 kkal/j
Fluida panas :
Suhu masuk
Suhu keluar
= 366C
= TC
Kapasitas panas = 0.525 kkal/kg.C
Mencari suhu gas panas keluar HE 01:

Beban panas HE
Q = (6964.4 kg/j) x (0.525 kkal/kg.C)x (366 - T)C
293916.8 kkal/j = (6964.4 kg/j) x (0.525 kkal/kg.C)x (366 - T)C
293916.8 kkal/j
(366 - T) =
(6964.4 kg/j) x (0.525 kkal/kg.C)
366 - T = 80.4
T = 285.6
Jadi suhu keluar = 285.6C
Sifat-sifat fisis fluida panas pada :
Ta = (T1 + T2)/2 = (366 + 285.6)/2
= 325.8C
Komponen
Kg/j
Kmol/j
xi
Cp

25,569
0,018 0,0319
(CH3)2O
3822,3
82,967
0,3681
CH3OH
1316,0
41,070
0,1822
16,065
0,015
0,0246
1826,1
6964,4
x.(k)
0,0117
0,0045
0,0158
0,0320
101,360
225,397
0,4497
1,00000
x.()
0,006
0,003
0,010
0,019
8,647
0,021
0,0351
H2O
x.(cp)
9,412
2,927
3,889
16,222
= 0.019 cp = 0.045 lb/j.ft

= 7.3 kg/m3 = 0.455 lb/ft3
k = 0.032 Btu/j.ft.F
Fluida Panas
Fluida Dingin
Beda
366
Suhu Tinggi
250
116
285,6
Suhu Rendah
152,1
133,5
80,4
Beda
97,9
-17,5
-17.5
LMTD = = 124.6C
116
ln
133.5
= 224.2F
Pemilihan UD
Dari tabel 8 Kern 1965 : UD antara 2 50 Btu/j.ft.F
( Gases )
Diambil, UD = 30 Btu/j.ft.F
Pemilihan alat
Dipilih tube : 16 BWG, OD = 1 in, ID = 0.87 in
panjang = 8 ft
surface perlin ft = 0.2618 ft/ft
luas alir, at' = 0.594 in/tube
Q
A =
UD . T
1166336.5 Btu/j
=
30 Btu/j.ft.F x 224.2F
= 173.4 ft
173.4 ft
Jumlah tube =
8 ft x 0.2618 ft/ft
= 83
Dari tabel 9 Kern, dipilih ukuran alat:

HE shell & tube dengan spesifikasi sbb:
SHELL :
TUBE :
ID = 15.25 in
Jumlah tube = 91
Baffle = 13.50 in
Pass = 1
D0, BWG, Pitch = 1 in; 16 BWG ; 1.25 in Triangular

Pass
Koreksi A:
A = 8 ft x 0.2618 ft/ft x 91
= 190.6 ft
Koreksi UD:
Q
UD =
A . T
1166336.5 Btu/j
=
190.6 ft x 224.2F
= 27.3 Btu/j.ft.F
Menghitung hio dan ho

Fluida panas mengalir di dalam tube
Fluida dingin mengalir di dalam shell
=1
TUBE SIDE
Nt . at'
Flow area, at =
144 . n
keterangan :
at = luas total penampang tube perpass, ft
at' = luas penampang tiap tube , in
Nt = jumlah tube
n = tube pass
91 . 0.594
Flow area, at = = 0,37537 ft2
144 . 1
Kecepatan massa, Gt = W/at

Gt = 15353.62 / 0.37537
= 40902.07 lb/j.ft
Kecepatan linier, Vt = Gt/(3600.)
Vt = 40902.07 / (3600. 0.455)
= 24.96216 ft/det
ta = (366 + 286)/2 = 325.8C = 618.5F
Bilangan Prant'l, Pr = c . /k
0.5250 x 0.0450
=
0.0320
= 0.73828
Bilangan Reynold, Res = Gs.De/

40902.1 x 0.0725
=
0.0450
= 65897.79
Dari figur 24 Kern, 1965 didapat :
faktor perpindahan panas, jH = 190
hi
Di
jH = x x ( Prt )
hi
-1/3
k
k
= jH x x ( Prt ) 1/3
Di
hi
0.0320
1/3
= 190 x x ( 0.73828)
0.0725
= 75.8 Btu/j.ft.F
hio = hi. Di / Do
= ( 75.8) (0.870 / 1)
= 65.9 Btu/j.ft.F
Koefisien heat transfer sisi tube, hio = 65.9 Btu/j.ft.F
SHELL SIDE
ID . C'. B
Flow area, as =
144 . PT
keterangan :
as = luas untul aliran fluida, ft
ID = diameter dalam shell, in
B = jarak baffle, in
PT = pitch, in
C' = clearence = PT - D0
(15.25)(0.250)(13.50)
Flow area, as =
144 . 1.250
= 0.28594 ft
Diameter ekuivalen, De = 0.71 in = 0.059 ft
( fig.28 Kern )
Kecepatan massa, GS = W/as
Gs = 15353.62 / 0.28594
= 53695.71 lb/j.ft
0.4311 x 0.03
=
0.0178
= 0.72657

53695.7 x 0.059
=
0.03
= 106036.65
ho
-1/3
De
jH = x x ( Prs )
ho
1/3
= jH x x ( Prs )
De
ho
0.0178
1/3
= 205 x x ( 0.72657)
0.0592
= 55.4 Btu/j.ft.F
Suhu dinding tube:

Persamaan 5.31 Kern 1965:
hio
tw = ta + (Ta - ta)
ho + hio
65.9
= 201 + (325.8 - 201.1)
55.4 + 65.9
= 269C
Viscositas dinding pada tw = 269C :

wt = 0.0169 cp = 0.0410 lb/j.ft
ws = 0.0136 cp = 0.0330 lb/j.ft
0.14
t = ( /w )
0.14
= ( 0.0450 / 0.0410 )
= 1.013
0.14
s = ( /w )
0.14
= ( 0.0300 / 0.0330 )
= 0.987
ho
ho = x
ho = 55.4 x 0.987 = 54,6 Btu/j.ft2.oF

hio
hio = x
hio = 65.9 x 1.013

= 66.8 Btu/j.ft.F
Koefisien transfer panas overall

hio . ho
66.8 x 54.6
Uc = =
hio + ho
66.8 + 54.6
= 30.1 Btu/j.ft.F
Dirt factor :
Uc - UD
30.1 - 27.3
Rd = = = 0.0034 1/(Btu/j.ft.F)
Uc . UD
30.1 x 27.3
Rd minimum = 0.003
PENURUNAN TEKANAN
TUBE SIDE
Bilangan Reynold, Ret = Gt.D/

40902.1 x (0.870/12)
Re =
0.0450
= 65898
Dari fig.26 Kern 1965, f = 0.00016

Digunakan persamaan (7.45) Kern :
f.Gt.L.n
Pt =
5,22.10^10.D.S.
Keterangan :
PT = psia
f = faktor friksi, ft/in ( fig.26 Kern )
Gt = kecepatan massa dalam tube, lb/j.ft
L = panjang tube, ft
n = tube pass
D = diameter dalam tube, ft
S = spesific gravity, 1
0.00016
40902.07 8 1
Pt =
5,22.1010 0.0725 0.0073 1.0131
= 0.08 Psi
SHELL SIDE
f.Gs.Ds.(N+1)
Ps =
5,22.1010.D.S.
De
= 0.0592 ft
ID shell
= 1.2708 ft
Gs
= 53695.7 lb/j.ft
= 0.6 lb/ft3
Sp.gravity, S
= /62.5 = 0.0096
Jumlah cross, N+1 = 12.L/B

= 12 . 8 / 13.50 = 7
= 106037
Untuk Res = 106037 dari fig.29 Kern, didapat f = 0.00134
0.00134
53695.71 1.27083
Ps = = 1,177 Psi
5,22.1010 0.0592 0.00960 0.987
Tube
Summary
66,8
Shell
H outside
Uc
54,6
30,1
UD
Rd hitung
Rd minimum
0,08
2
27,3
0,034
0,003
P hitung
P maksimum
1,77
2
HEAT EXCHANGER 02
Tugas:
memanaskan larutan metanol umpan segar dan recycle sebelum

diumpankan ke dalam vaporizer dengan menggunakan gas panas
hasil reaksi yang keluar dari HE 01 sehingga suhu gas panas
turun dari suhu 285.6C menjadi 160C
Menentukan Kondisi Proses

Fluida panas :
Suhu masuk = 285.6C

Suhu keluar = 160.6C
Ta = (T1 + T2)/2 = (285.6 + 160.6)/2
= 223.1C
Komponen
Kg/j
Kmol/j
xi
(CH3)2O
38,2
0,829
0,0037
CH3OH
6579,9
205,346
0,9110
H2O
346,3
19,222
0,0853
6964,4
225,397
1,00000
Cp

22,221
0,017 0,0235
14,157
2
0,014
0,0183
8,437
5
0,020
0,0279
x.cp
0,082
12,898
0,719
13,699
x.k
0,0001
0,0167
0,0024
0,0191
x.()
0,000
0,048
0,006
0,013
= 0.013 cp = 0.031 lb/j.ft

= 8.8 kg/m3 = 0.55 lb/ft3
k = 0.0191 Btu/j.ft.F
Beban panas HE :
Q = 6964.4 x 0.443 x (285.6 - 160.6)
= 385971.6 kkal/j
Fluida dingin :
Suhu masuk
= 36C
Suhu keluar
= TC
Kapasitas panas = 0.679 kkal/kg.C

Mencari suhu larutan metanol keluar HE 02 :
Beban panas HE
Q
= (6964.4 kg/j) x (0.679 kkal/kg.C)x (T - 36)C
385971.6 kkal/j = (6964.4 kg/j) x (0.679 kkal/kg.C)x (T - 36)C

385971.6 kkal/j
(T - 36) =
(6964.4 kg/j) x (0.679 kkal/kg.C)
T 36 = 81.6
T
= 117.6
Jadi suhu keluar = 117.6C

Sifat-sifat fisis fluida dingin pada :
Ta = (T1 + T2)/2 = (117.6 + 36)/2
= 76.8C
Komponen
Kg/j
Kmol/j
xi
(CH3)2O
38,2
0,829
0,0037
CH3OH
6579,9
205,346
0,9110
21,218
0,286
0,0950
H2O
346,3
6964,4
19,222
225,397
0,0853
1,00000
18,000
0,361
0,1604
x.(cp)
0,123
19,331
1,535
20,980
x.(k)
0,0002
0,0865
0,0137
0,10000
Cp

33,385
0,286 0,0451
x.ln()
-0,005
-1,139
-0,087
-1,232
= 0.292 cp = 0.706 lb/j.ft

= 739.9 kg/m3 = 46.168 lb/ft3
k = 0.1 Btu/j.ft.F
T
Fluida Panas
Fluida Dingin
Beda
285,6
Suhu Tinggi
117,6
168
160,5
Suhu Rendah
36
124,5
125,1
Beda
81,6
43,5
43.5
LMTD = = 145.2C = 261.3F
168
ln
124.5
Pemilihan UD
Dari tabel 8 Kern 1965 : UD antara 2 50 Btu/j.ft.F
( Gases - Water )
Pemilihan alat
Dipilih tube : 16 BWG, OD = 1 in, ID = 0.87 in
panjang = 8 ft
Q
A =
UD . T
1531633.3 Btu/j
=
5
= 117.2 ft
117.2 ft
Jumlah tube = = 56
8 ft x 0.2618 ft/ft
SHELL :
TUBE :
ID = 13.25 in
Jumlah tube = 61
Baffle = 4 in
D0, BWG, Pitch = 1 in; 16 BWG ; 1.25 in Square
Pass = 1
Pass
= 1
Koreksi A:
A = 8 ft x 0.2618 ft/ft x 61
= 127.8 ft
Koreksi UD:
Q
UD =
A . T
1531633.3 Btu/j
= = 45.9 Btu/j.ft.F
127.8 ft x 261.3F
Menghitung hio dan ho :
Fluida panas mengalir di dalam tube
Fluida dingin mengalir di dalam shell
TUBE SIDE
Nt . at'
Flow area, at =
144 . n
keterangan :
Nt = jumlah tube
n = tube pass
61 . 0.594
Flow area, at =
144 . 1
= 0.25162 ft
Gt = 15353.62 / 0.25162
= 61017.85 lb/j.ft
Vt = 61017.85 / (3600. 0.549)
= 30.84843 ft/det
ta = (286 + 161)/2 = 223.1C = 433.5F
0.4430 x 0.03
= = 0.69947
0.0190

61017.8 x 0.0725
= = 147459.80
0.0300
hi
Di
-1/3
jH = x x ( Prt )
hi
1/3
= jH x x ( Prt )
hi
Di
0.0190
1/3
= 365 x x ( 0.69947)
0.0725
= 84.9 Btu/j.ft.F
hio = hi. Di / Do
= ( 84.9) (0.870 / 1)
= 73.9 Btu/j.ft.F
SHELL SIDE
ID . C'. B
Flow area, as =
144 . PT
keterangan :
PT = pitch, in
(13.25)(0.250)( 4 )
Flow area, as = = 0.07361 ft
144 . 1.250
( fig.28 Kern )
Gs = 15353.62 / 0.07361
= 208577.42 lb/j.ft
0.6790 x 0.7060
= = 4.79374
0.1000

208577.4 x 0.082
=
0.7060
= 24359.60
ho
De
-1/3
jH = x x ( Prs )
ho
1/3
= jH x x ( Prs )
De
ho
0.1
1/3
= 90 x x ( 4.79374)
0.0825
= 184.0 Btu/j.ft.F
Suhu dinding tube:
hio
tw = ta + (Ta - ta)
ho + hio
73.9
= 77 + (223.1 - 76.8) = 119C
184.0 + 73.9
wt = 0.0099 cp = 0.0240 lb/j.ft
ws = 0.3209 cp = 0.7766 lb/j.ft
0.14
t = ( /w )
0.14
= ( 0.0300 / 0.0240 )
= 1.032
0.14
s = ( /w )
= 0.987
ho
0.14
= ( 0.7060 / 0.7766 )
ho = x
ho = 184.0 x 0.987
= 181.6 Btu/j.ft.F
hio
hio = x
hio = 73.9 x 1.032

= 76.2 Btu/j.ft.F
hio . ho
76.2 x 181.6
Uc = =
hio + ho
76.2 + 181.6
= 53.7 Btu/j.ft.F
Dirt factor :
Uc - UD
53.7 - 45.9
Rd = =
Uc . UD
53.7 x 45.9
= 0.0032 1/(Btu/j.ft.F)
Rd minimum = 0.003
PENURUNAN TEKANAN
TUBE SIDE
61017.8 x (0.870/12)
Re = = 147460
0.03
Dari fig.26 Kern 1965, f = 0.00013
Digunakan persamaan (7.45) Kern :
f.Gt.L.n
Pt =
5,22.10^10.D.S.
Keterangan :
PT = psia
n = tube pass
v = kecepatan linier , ft/det
0.00013
61017.85 8 1
Pt = = 0.12 Psi
5,22.1010 0.0725 0.0088 1.0317
SHELL SIDE
f.Gs.Ds.(N+1)
Ps =
5,22.1010.D.S.
De
= 0.0825 ft
ID shell = 1.1042 ft
Gs
= 208577.4 lb/j.ft
= 46.168 lb/ft3
Sp.gravity, S = /62.5 = 0.7387

= 12 . 8 / 4 = 24
= 24360
Untuk Res = 24360 dari fig.29 Kern, didapat f = 0.00179
0.00179 208577.42 1.10417 24
Ps = = 0.659 Psi
5,22.1010 0.0825 0.73869 0.987
Tube
76,2
0,12
2
Summary
Shell
H outside
181,6
Uc
53,7
UD
Rd hitung
Rd minimum
45,9
0,0032
0,003
P hitung
P maksimum
0,659
10
HEAT EXCHANGER 03
Tugas : mendinginkan hasil menara distilasi 01 dari suhu 167C menjadi

88C sebelum diumpankan ke dalam menara distilasi 02
Alat : Double Pipe Heat Exchanger

Fluida panas :
Suhu masuk
Suhu keluar
= 167C
= 88C

Ta = (T1 + T2)/2 = (167 + 88)/2
= 127.5C
Komponen
Kg/j
Kmol/j
xi
Cp

41,157
0,180 0,0493
(CH3)2O
38,2
0,829
0,0058
CH3OH
1312,2
40,951
0,2861
23,674
0,180
0,0912
H2O
1826,1
3176,5
x.(k)
0,0003
0,0261
0,0953
101,360
0,7081
143,140
1,00000
x.ln()
-0,010
-0,049
-1,111
18,000
0,208
0,1346
x.(cp)
0,238
6,773
12,746
19,757
0,1217
-1,611
= 0.2 cp = 0.483 lb/j.ft

c = 19.757 kkal/kmol.K = 0.890 Btu/lb.F
= 844.1 kg/m3 = 52.672 lb/ft3
Beban panas cooler:
Q = ( 3176.5 kg/j) x (0.890 kkal/kg.C)x (167 - 88)C
= 223418.1 kkal/j
Pendingin yang dipakai adalah air
Suhu masuk
Suhu keluar
= 30C
= 50C
Suhu rata-rata = ( 30 + 50)/2 = 40C

Sifat-sifat fisis air pada 40C
cp = 1 kkal/kg.C
= 0.60 cp = 1.453 lb/j.ft
= 998 kg/m3
Q
Kebutuhan pendingin, m =
cp. T
223418 kkal/j
= = 11170.9 kg/j
1 kkal/kg.C ( 50 - 30)C
T
Fluida Panas
Fluida Dingin
Beda
167
Suhu Tinggi
50
117
88
Suhu Rendah
30
58
79
Beda
20
59
59
LMTD = = 84.1C = 151.3F
117
ln
58
T = LMTD = 151.3F
Dipilih alat : Double pipe heat exchanger, dengan 4 x 3

Annulus,
OD = 4.50 in, ID = 4.03 in
Inner pipe, OD = 3.50 in, ID = 3.07 in

Menghitung hio dan ho:
Fluida panas mengalir di dalam annulus
Fluida dingin (air) mengalir di dalam inner pipe

Inner pipe
Dp = 3.07 in = 0.2557 ft
Flow area :
Dp
(0.2557)
ap = = = 0.0513 ft
4

Gt = 24627.21 / 0.05134
= 479708.61 lb/j.ft
Vt = 479708.61 / (3600. 62.4)
= 2.13545 ft/det
ta = ( 30 + 50)/2 = 40C = 104F
hi = 620 Btu/j.ft.F
faktor koreksi = 0.720
hi = ( 620) (0.720) = 446.40 Btu/j.ft.F
hio = hi. Di / Do
= ( 446.4) (3.068 / 3.50)
= 391.3 Btu/j.ft.F
Annulus
D2 = 4.03 in = 0.3355 ft
D1 = 3.50 in = 0.2917 ft
Flow area :
[D2 - D1]
Aa =
4
[(0.3355) - (0.2917)]
= = 0.0216 ft
4
Kecepatan massa, Ga = W/Aa
Ga = 7002.87 / 0.02159
= 324338.73 lb/j.ft
Diameter ekuivalen:
[D2 - D1]
De =
D1
[(0.3355) - (0.2917)]
= = 0.0943 ft
0.2917
0.8903 x 0.4835
= = 3.53673
0.1217
Bilangan Reynold, Rea = Ga.De/

324338.7 x 0.0943
=
0.4835
= 63231.97
ho
De
-1/3
jH = x x ( Pr )
ho
1/3
= jH x x ( Pr )
ho
De
0.1217
1/3
= 185 x x ( 3.53673)
0.0943
= 368.1 Btu/j.ft.F
Clean overall coefficient:

hio . ho
391.3 x 368.1
Uc = =
hio + ho
391.3 + 368.1
= 189.7 Btu/j.ft.F
Design overall coeficient
1
= + Rd
UD
Uc
Rd minimum = 0.003 1/(Btu/j.ft.F)

1
= + 0.003
UD
189.7
= 0.0083 1/(Btu/j.ft.F)
UD = 120.9 Btu/j.ft.F
Luas perpindahan panas, A:
Q
A =
UD . T
886579.7 Btu/j
= = 48.5 ft
120.9 Btu/j.ft.F x 151.3F
Luas permukaan luar untuk 3.50 in IPS standard adalah:

= 0.9170 ft/ft panjang
A
48.5 ft
Panjang pipa = = = 52.85 ft

ao
0.9170 ft/ft
Diambil panjang pipa hairpin = 15 ft

52.85
maka diperlukan hairpin sebanyak : = 1.76 2
2 x 15
A koreksi = ( 2 hairpin ) ( 2 x 15 ft ) ( 0.9170 ft/ft)
= 55 ft
Q
UD koreksi =
A . T
886579.7 Btu/j
= = 106.5 Btu/j.ft.F
55 ft x 151.3F
Uc - UD
189.7 - 106.5
Rd koreksi = =
Uc . UD
189.7 x 106.5
= 0.0041 1/(Btu/j.ft.F)
PENURUNAN TEKANAN
Inner pipe
Untuk Rep = 84423 , maka
0.264
f = 0.0035 +
Rep0.42
0.264
f = 0.0035 + = 0.0058
844230.42
4.f.Gp.L
Fp =
2.g. . D
4 x (0.0058)( 479708.61)( 60 )
Fp =
2 x (4.18x10^8) ( 62.4)(0.2557)
= 0.38 ft
Fp ( )
( 0.38) ( 62.4)
Pp = =
144
= 0.165 psia
144
Pressure drop di inner pipe, Pp = 0.165 psi

Annulus
De = D2 - D1 = 4.03 - 3.50 = 0.53 in = 0.0438 ft
Bilangan Reynold, Rea = Ga.De/
324338.7 x 0.0438
= = 29406.31
0.4835
Untuk Rea = 29406 , maka
0.264
f = 0.0035 +
Rea0.42
0.264
f = 0.0035 + = 0.0070
294060.42
4.f.Ga.L
Fp =
2.g. .De
4 (0.0070)( 324338.73)( 60 )
Fp = = 1.74 ft
2 (4.18x108) ( 52.7)(0.0438)
Kecepatan linier, Va = Gs/(3600.)

Va = 324338.73 / (3600 x 52.7)
= 1.7105 ft/det
Va
1.7105
Fc = 3 ( ) = 3 ( ) = 0.14 ft
2.g
2 x 32.2
( Fp + Fc )( )
( 1.74 +
0.14) ( 52.7)
Pa = =
144
144
= 0.686 psia
Pressure drop di annulus, Pa = 0.686 psi
Tube
Summary
391,3
0,165
10
Shell
H outside
368,1
Uc
189,7
UD
Rd hitung
Rd minimum
106,5
0,0041
0,003
P hitung
P maksimum
0,686
10
HEAT EXCHANGER 04
Tugas : mendinginkan hasil menara distilasi 02 dari suhu 105C menjadi

40C sebelum diumpankan ke dalam unit pengolah limbah

Fluida panas :
Suhu masuk
Suhu keluar
= 105C
= 40C

Ta = (T1 + T2)/2 = (105 + 40)/2
= 72.5C
Komponen
Kg/j
Kmol/j
xi
CH3OH
13,1
0,409
0,0042
H2O
1757,8
97,569
0,9958
x.(cp)
0,238
6,773
1770,9
x.(k)
0,0003
0,0261
97,978
1,0000
x.ln()
-0,010
-0,049
Cp

21,032
0,300 0,0648
18,000
0,381
0,1158
12,746
19,757
0,0953
0,1217
-1,111
-1,611
= 0.380 cp = 0.920 lb/j.ft

c = 18.002 kkal/kmol.K = 0.996 Btu/lb.F
= 982.0 kg/m3 = 61.274 lb/ft3
Beban panas cooler:
Q = ( 1770.9 kg/j) x (0.996 kkal/kg.C)x (105 - 40)C
= 114648.1 kkal/j
Pendingin yang dipakai adalah air
Suhu masuk
Suhu keluar
= 30C
= 40C
Suhu rata-rata = ( 30 + 40)/2 = 35C

Sifat-sifat fisis air pada 35C
cp = 1 kkal/kg.C
= 0.65 cp = 1.572 lb/j.ft
= 998 kg/m3
Q
Kebutuhan pendingin, m =
cp. T
114648 kkal/j
=
1 kkal/kg.C ( 40 - 30)C
= 11464.8 kg/j
T
Fluida Panas
Fluida Dingin
Beda
105
Suhu Tinggi
40
65
40
Suhu Rendah
30
10
65
Beda
10
55
55
LMTD = = 29.4C = 52.9F
65
ln
10
Pemilihan UD
Dari tabel 8 Kern 1965 : UD antara 75 150
Btu/j.ft.F
( Light organics - Water )
Pemilihan alat
Dipilih tube : 16 BWG, OD = 0.75 in, ID = 0.62 in

panjang = 12 ft
Q
A =
UD . T
454952.6 Btu/j
=
75 Btu/j.ft.F x 52.9F
= 114.7 ft
114.7 ft
Jumlah tube = = 49
12 ft x 0.1963 ft/ft
SHELL :
TUBE :
ID = 10 in
Jumlah tube = 52
Baffle = 3 in
Pass = 1
Koreksi A:
D0, BWG, Pitch = 0.75 in; 16 BWG ; 1 in Square

Pass
= 2
A = 12 ft x 0.1963 ft/ft x 52
= 122.5 ft
Koreksi UD:
Q
UD =
A . T
454952.6 Btu/j
=
122.5 ft x 52.9F
= 70.2 Btu/j.ft.F
Menghitung hio dan ho:
Fluida panas mengalir di dalam shell
Fluida dingin (air) mengalir di dalam tube
TUBE SIDE
Nt . at'
Flow area, at =
144 . n
keterangan :

Nt = jumlah tube
n = tube pass
52 . 0.302
Flow area, at =
144 . 2
= 0.05453 ft
Gt = 25275.15 / 0.05453
= 463527.94 lb/j.ft
Vt = 463527.94 / (3600. 62.4)
= 2.06343 ft/det
ta = ( 30 + 40)/2 = 35C = 95F
hi = 575 Btu/j.ft.F
faktor koreksi = 1
hi = ( 575) (1) = 575 Btu/j.ft.F
hio = hi. Di / Do
= ( 575) (0.620 / 0.75)
= 475.3 Btu/j.ft.F
SHELL SIDE
ID . C'. B
Flow area, as =
144 . PT
keterangan :
PT = pitch, in
(10)(0.250)( 3 )
Flow area, as =
144 . 1
= 0.05208 ft

( fig.28 Kern )
Gs = 3904.10 / 0.05208
= 74958.73 lb/j.ft
0.9960 x 0.9200
= = 7.96800
0.1150
74958.7 x 0.079
= =
6434.33
0.9200
ho
De
-1/3
jH = x x ( Prs )
ho
k
k
1/3
= jH x x ( Prs )
ho
De
0.1150
1/3
= 40 x x ( 7.96800)
0.0790
= 116.3 Btu/j.ft.F
Suhu dinding tube:

ho
tw = ta + (Ta - ta)
ho + hio
116.3
= 35 + ( 72.5 - 35) = 42C
116.3 + 475.3
w = 0.5777 cp = 1.3980 lb/j.ft
0.14
= ( /w )
0.14
= ( 0.9200 / 1.3980 )
= 0.943
ho
ho = x
ho = 116.3 x 0.943
= 109.7 Btu/j.ft.F
Koefisien heat transfer sisi shell,ho = 109.72 Btu/j.ft.F
hio . ho
475.3 x 109.7
Uc = =
hio + ho
475.3 + 109.7
= 89.1 Btu/j.ft.F
Dirt factor :
Uc - UD
89.1 - 70.2
Rd = =
Uc . UD
89.1 x 70.2
= 0.003 1/(Btu/j.ft.F)
Rd minimum = 0.003
PENURUNAN TEKANAN
TUBE SIDE
463527.9 x (0.620/12)
Re = = 15239
1.5716
Dari fig.26 Kern 1965, f = 0.00023

Digunakan persamaan (7.45) dan (7.46) Kern :
f.Gt.L.n
Pt =
5,22.10^10.D.S.
4 n v
Pr =
S 2 g'
Pressure drop di tube, PT = Pt + Pr
Keterangan :
PT = psia
n = tube pass
v = kecepatan linier air, ft/det
0.00023 463527.94 12 2
Pt =
5,22.1010 0.0517 0.9984 1
= 0.4372 Psi
4x2
2.06343 ft/det
lb
1 ft
Pr = 62.40
0.9984
= 0.2296 Psi
2 x 32,2 ft/det
ft3
144 in
PRESSURE DROP TOTAL DI TUBE = 0.6668 Psi
SHELL SIDE
f.Gs.Ds.(N+1)
Ps =
5,22.10^10.D.S.
De
= 0.0790 ft
ID shell = 0.8333 ft
Gs
= 74958.7 lb/j.ft
= 61.27374 lb/ft3
Sp.gravity, S = /62.5 = 0.9804

= 12 . 12 / 3 = 48
Re = 6434
Untuk Res =
6434 dari fig.29 Kern, didapat f = 0.00232
0.00232
74958.73 0.83333 48
Ps = = 0.137 Psi
5,22.1010 0.0790 0.98038 0.943
PRESSURE DROP DI SHELL = 0.137 Psi
Tube
Summary
475,3
0,6668
10
Shell
H outside
109,7
Uc
89,1
UD
Rd hitung
Rd minimum
70,2
0,003
0,003
P hitung
P maksimum
0,137
10
NERACA PANAS UNTUK NASKAH SKRIPSI
Suhu referensi = 25C

Satuan = kkal/j
Komponen
Masuk
Keluar
CH3OH
H2O
687.9
140498.4
129.0
26343.4
Beban panas pendingin
114648.1
Jumlah
141186.2
141186.2

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HEAT EXCHANGER 01

Kal/moloC centiP Btu/jftoF

= 0.012 cp = 0.030 lb/j.ft

Kapasitas panas = 0.525 kkal/kg.C

Mencari suhu gas panas keluar HE 01:

Kal/moloC centiP Btu/jftoF

= 0.019 cp = 0.045 lb/j.ft

c = 16.222 kkal/kmol.K = 0.525 kkal/kg.C

Dari tabel 9 Kern, dipilih ukuran alat:

D0, BWG, Pitch = 1 in; 16 BWG ; 1.25 in Triangular

Menghitung hio dan ho

Kecepatan massa, Gt = W/at

Bilangan Reynold, Res = Gs.De/

Bilangan Reynold, Res = Gs.De/

Suhu dinding tube:

Viscositas dinding pada tw = 269C :

ho = 55.4 x 0.987 = 54,6 Btu/j.ft2.oF

hio = 65.9 x 1.013

Koefisien transfer panas overall

Bilangan Reynold, Ret = Gt.D/

Dari fig.26 Kern 1965, f = 0.00016

Jumlah cross, N+1 = 12.L/B

memanaskan larutan metanol umpan segar dan recycle sebelum

Alat : Heat Exchanger Shell & Tube

Menentukan Kondisi Proses

Suhu masuk = 285.6C

Kal/moloC centiP Btu/jftoF

= 0.013 cp = 0.031 lb/j.ft

Kapasitas panas = 0.679 kkal/kg.C

= (6964.4 kg/j) x (0.679 kkal/kg.C)x (T - 36)C

385971.6 kkal/j = (6964.4 kg/j) x (0.679 kkal/kg.C)x (T - 36)C

Jadi suhu keluar = 117.6C

Kal/moloC centiP Btu/jftoF

= 0.292 cp = 0.706 lb/j.ft

HE shell & tube dengan spesifikasi sbb:

D0, BWG, Pitch = 1 in; 16 BWG ; 1.25 in Square

Bilangan Reynold, Res = Gs.De/

Bilangan Reynold, Res = Gs.De/

hio = 73.9 x 1.032

Sp.gravity, S = /62.5 = 0.7387

5,22.1010 0.0825 0.73869 0.987

Tugas : mendinginkan hasil menara distilasi 01 dari suhu 167C menjadi

Menentukan Kondisi Proses

Sifat-sifat fisis fluida panas pada :

Kal/moloC centiP Btu/jftoF

= 0.2 cp = 0.483 lb/j.ft

Suhu rata-rata = ( 30 + 50)/2 = 40C

Dipilih alat : Double pipe heat exchanger, dengan 4 x 3

OD = 4.50 in, ID = 4.03 in

Inner pipe, OD = 3.50 in, ID = 3.07 in

Fluida dingin (air) mengalir di dalam inner pipe

Kecepatan massa, Gt = W/at

Bilangan Reynold, Rea = Ga.De/

Clean overall coefficient:

Rd minimum = 0.003 1/(Btu/j.ft.F)

Luas permukaan luar untuk 3.50 in IPS standard adalah:

Panjang pipa = = = 52.85 ft

Diambil panjang pipa hairpin = 15 ft

Pressure drop di inner pipe, Pp = 0.165 psi

Kecepatan linier, Va = Gs/(3600.)

Tugas : mendinginkan hasil menara distilasi 02 dari suhu 105C menjadi

Menentukan Kondisi Proses

Sifat-sifat fisis fluida panas pada :