SELF DEVELOPMENT&INTERPERSONAL SKILLS

DR.E.ILAMATHIAN ,DEAN.AGBS-CHENNAI.

POSITIVE ATTITUDE

UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE-FORMATION OF ATTITUDE-TYPESEFFECTS OF ATTITUDE ON BEHAVIOUR-PERCEPTION-MOTIVATIONSTRESS-ADJUSTMENT-TIME MANAGEMENT-EFFECTIVE PERFORMANCEBUILDING POSITIVE ATTITUDE.

ATTITUDE:
COMBINATION OF BELIEFS AND FEELINGS THAT PEOPLE HAVE ABOUT SPECIFIC IDEAS, SITUATIONS OR OTHER PEOPLE AN INDIVIDUALS WAY OF LOOKING AT SOMETHING MENTAL STATE OF AN INDIVIDUAL WHICH PREPARES HIM/HER TO BEHAVE IN A PARTICULAR PREDETERMINED WAY.

COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDE
Affective
FEELINGS&EMOTIONS

Cognitive
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE SITUATION

Intentional
EXPECTS TO BEHAVE TOWARDS OR IN A SITUATION

ATTITUDE FORMATION
AS A RESULT OF REPEATED PERSONAL EXPERIENCES WITH A GIVEN SITUATION OR TRANSACTION WITH PEOPLE OR IDEAS EXPOSURE TO NEW INFORMATION( S)MAY CHANGE THE ATTITUDE AND FORM A POSITIVE OR NEGATINVE IMAGE OVER THE PREVIOUS ONE. INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS. TRAINING. COGNITIVE DISSONANCE.

COGNITIVE DISSONANCE THE CONFLICT THAT INDIVIDUAL MAY EXPERIENCE AMONG THEIR OWN (COMPONENTS-AFFECTIVE, COGNITIVE,INTENTIONAL) ATTITUDE CONFLICTING SITUATION .

TYPES OF ATTITUDE

RELATED TO----- JOB, MARKET, SOCIO ECONOMIC - POLITICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL, MULTIFARIOUS INDIVIDUAL RELATONSHIP, INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP. OC,O.COM. AND INVOLVEMENT POSITIVE- NEGATIVE-COGNITIVE DISSONANCE-NEUTRAL

EFFECTS OF ATTITUDE ON BEHAVIOUR

INTER-PERSONAL RELATIONS, KNOWLEDGE BASE, THE LEVEL OF SATISFACTION, MENTAL STATE, COORDINATION AND COOPERATION, POLICIES AND STRATEGIES, EMPLOYEES TURNOVER AND ABSENTEEISM, OC, AND O.COM, PRODUCTIVITY, QWL

PERCEPTION
AN IMPORTANT COGNITIVE AND A MEDIATING PROCESS, IT IS A PROCESS BETWEEN THE SITUATION AND BEHAVIOUR, INTERPRETATION OF THE STIMULUS OR SITUATION THE INDIVIDUALS ARE FACED, DIFFERENT PEOPLE PERCEIVE THE SAME INFORMATION DIFFERENTLY, INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND UNIQUENESS ARE THE VITAL FACTORS.

HOW DO YOU PERCEIVE? BUSINESS------------------?

PERCPTUAL PROCESS
Perceived By

Characteristics Of The Individual Selection Projection

Characteristics Of The Object

Organisation

Stereotyping
Attribution Halo - Effect

Attribution
Is a mechanism through which we observe behaviour and then attribute certain causes to it Evaluate the observed behaviour in terms of consensus, consistency and distinctiveness

Stereotyping

Identifying, associating and assuming. Categorizing or labeling on the basis of attribute.

MOTIVATION
INNER PSYCHOLOGICAL FORCE ORIGINATE FROM THE NEEDS AND WANTS OF AN INDIVIDUAL,INFLUENCED BY PERSONALITY TRAITS,LEARNING,ABILITIES,PERCEPTION, ATTITUDE, ATTRIBUTION AND COMPETANCE OF AN INDIVIDUAL. PROCESS OF STIMULATING AND CHANNELISING THE ENERGY OF AN INDIVIDUAL FOR ACHIEVING SET GOALS. MAY BE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE. PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN DERTEMING THE LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE. BOOST UP THE MORALE OF THE INDIVIDUAL. DIFFER FROM ONE INDIVIDUAL TO OTHER. INNER FEELING WHICH FORCES A PERSON TO ACTION. IT IS A CONTINUOUS PROCESS. HELPS TO IMPROVE THE IMAGE OF AN ORGANISATION.

DEFINITIONS ON MOTIVATION
THE DESIRE WITHIN AN INDIVIDUAL THAT STIMULATES HIM/HER TO AN ACTION. (GEORGE R. TERRY) REFERS TO THE DEGREE OF READINESS OF AN ORGANISATION TO PURSUE SOME DESIGNATED GOALS AND IMPIES THE DETERMINATION OF NATURE AND LOCUS OF FORCE INDUCING A DEGREE OF READINESS. ( ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF MANAGEMENT) THE COMPLEX OF FORCES STARTING AND KEEPING A PERSON AT WORK IN AN ORGANISATION. ( ROBERT DUBIN)

THEORIES ON MOTIVATION
MASLOWS (NEED BASED)-HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY.

MASLOW ABRAHAM PROPOSED THE THEORY IN 1940S

FIVE LEVELS OF NEEDS 1FOOD ,WATER, SHELTER,

SELF ACTUALISATION NEEDS

2---SECURE PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL ENVIROMENT,

3---SOCIAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN LIFELOVE&AFFECTION, 4---NEED FOR RECOGNITION AND RESPECT, POSITIVE SELF-IMAGE AND SELF RESPECT, 5REALISING ONES POTENTIAL FOR CONTINUED GROWTH AND INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT

ESTEEM NEEDS

SOCIAL NEEDS

SAFTY NEEDS

PHYIOLOGICAL NEEDS

ERG THEORY OF MOTIVATION

CLAYTON ALDERFER PROPOSED THE THEORY EEXISTANCE (Refers to 1&2 needs of Maslows) R---RELATEDNESS (Refers to belongingness &esteem needs) G---GROWTH (Refers to self esteem self actualisation)

ERG THEORY
GROWTH NEEDS

RELATEDNESS NEEDS

EXISTENCE NEEDS

EXPECTANCY MODEL OF MOTIVATION

Individual ability Effort Individual ability

Environmental factors

Efforts for Performance expectancy

P E R F O R M A N C E

Outcome with Valence Outcome with Valence Outcome with Valence Outcome with Valence

Performance to outcome expectancy

EQUITY PROCESS
EQUITY PROCESS
EVALUATI ON OF OTHERS COMPARISON OF SELF WITH OTHERS FEELINGS OF EQUITY OF INEQUITY

EVALUATION OF SELF

THEORIES ON MOTIVATION
. NEED BASED THEORY OF MASLOW ERG THEORY OF CLAYTON ALDERFER EXPECTANCY THEORY OF VICTOR VROOM EQUITY THEORY OF STACY ADAMS.J X,Y THEORY OF DOUGLAS Mc GREGOR Z THEORY OF WILLIUM OUCHI NEED THEORY OF Mc CLELLAND( Need for POWER, AFFILIATION& ACHIEVEMENT) . GOAL SETTING THEORY-MBO- EDWIN LOCKE . QWL, QC ETC