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PHYS3041 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

HOMEWORK 2 SOLUTION
M.T.C. WONG
Abstract. Questions 1 and 2 are about work and electrostatic energy. Vari-
ous forms of electrostatic energy density can be used during integration. Ques-
tion 3 and 4 are about conductors. Dierent geometry of physical system are
specied in problems, which lead to dierent forms of capacitance and treat-
ment of boundary conditions.
1. Problem 2.32 of Griffiths
Find the energy stored in a uniformly charged solid sphere of radius R and charge
q.
(a) You found the potential in Problem 2.21:
V
in
=
1
4
0
q
2R
_
3
r
2
R
2
_
(1.1)
Use equation 2.43:
W =
1
2
_
V d (1.2)
=
1
2
_
R
0

1
4
0
q
2R
_
3
r
2
R
2
_
_
4r
2
_
dr (1.3)
=
3q
2
16
0
R
4
_
R
0
_
3r
2

r
4
R
2
_
dr (1.4)
=
3q
2
20
0
R
(1.5)
=
1
4
0
3q
2
5R
(1.6)
(b) Find the E-eld inside and outside the sphere:

E
in
=
1
4
0
q
R
3
r r (1.7)

E
out
=
1
4
0
q
r
2
r (1.8)
Date: September 27, 2010.
1
2 M.T.C. WONG
Use equation 2.45:
W =

0
2
_
all space
E
2
d (1.9)
=

0
2
_
R
0
E
2
in
d +

0
2
_

R
E
2
out
d (1.10)
=
q
2
8
0
_
_
R
0
r
4
R
6
dr +
_

R
1
r
2
dr
_
(1.11)
=
q
2
8
0
_
1
5R
+
1
R
_
(1.12)
=
1
4
0
3q
2
5R
(1.13)
(c) Find the potential outside the sphere:
V
out
=
1
4
0
q
r
(1.14)
Use equation 2.44:
W =

0
2
_
_
_
V
E
2
d +
_
S
V

E da
_
_
(1.15)
=

0
2
_
R
0
E
2
in
d +

0
2
_
a
R
E
2
out
d +

0
2
_
1
4
0
q
a
__
1
4
0
q
a
2
_
_
4a
2
_
(1.16)
=
q
2
8
0
_
6
5R

1
a
+
1
a
_
(1.17)
=
1
4
0
3q
2
5R
(1.18)
When a , we will have
0
2
_
V
E
2
d
0
2
_
all space
E
2
d, and
0
2
_
S
V

E da 0.
2. Problem 2.33 of Griffiths
When the sphere has radius r, the charge is q

.
q

= q
r
3
R
3
(2.1)
dq

=
3q
R
3
r
2
dr (2.2)
Amount of work dW taken to build up the radius:
dW =
1
4
0
q

r
dq

(2.3)
=
1
4
0
q
r
_
r
3
R
3
__
3qr
2
R
3
_
dr (2.4)
Integrate this to nd the work:
PHYS3041 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM HOMEWORK 2 SOLUTION 3
W =
_
dW (2.5)
=
_
R
0
3q
2
r
4
4
0
R
6
dr (2.6)
=
1
4
0
3q
2
5R
(2.7)
3. Problem 2.39 of Griffiths
Let the charge be Q when considering the length of the tube being L.
_

E da =
Q

0
(3.1)
E (2rL) =
Q

0
(3.2)
E =
Q
2
0
Lr
(3.3)
The potential dierence is then:
V =
_
b
a

E d

l (3.4)
=
_
b
a
Q
2
0
Lr
dr (3.5)
=
Q
2
0
L
ln
b
a
(3.6)
So the capacitance per unit length:
C/L =
_
Q
V
_
L
(3.7)
=
2
0
ln b/a
(3.8)
4. Problem 2.40 of Griffiths
(a) Use equation 2.52, which is about electrostatic pressure:
P =

0
2
E
2
(4.1)
The work done by electrostatic forces:
W = force distance (4.2)
= (P A) (4.3)
=

0
2
E
2
A (4.4)
4 M.T.C. WONG
(b) Use equation 2.46, the energy per unit volume is
0
2
E
2
. So the energy lost
by the eld:
W = energy density volume (4.5)
=
_

0
2
E
2
_
A (4.6)
Therefore the energy lost by the eld is the same as the work done by electrostatic
forces in part (a).
The following section gives an alternative derivation of equation 2.51 of Griths:
The surface has a nite thickness d, and the charge density is a constant .
Within the thickness of the patch, let the area of the patch be A, and the distance
away from the inner surface of the conductor be r. There is no electric eld found
inside the conductor, i.e. E = 0 at r = 0. The electric eld at other values of r is:
_

E da =
volume

0
(4.7)
E A =
Ar

0
(4.8)
E =
r

0
(4.9)
By considering the integral, the total force acting on the patch is:
Total force =
_
E dq (4.10)
=
_
d
0
_
r

0
_
(Adr) (4.11)
=
_
d
0

2
A

0
r dr (4.12)
=

2
d
2
A
2
0
(4.13)
When d 0 and such that d , the total force becomes the following
form as in equation 2.51:
Force
Area
= lim
d

2
d
2
2
0
(4.14)
=

2
2
0
(4.15)
And nally the pressure on the patch is:
P =

2
2
0
(4.16)
=

0
2
E
2
(4.17)
Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
E-mail address: tcmwong@phy.cuhk.edu.hk

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