BASIC TAMIL DICTIONARY

English-Tamil (this side) Tamil-English (other side)'*"

LOCKWOOD *

sorrsisiiiL/
r K_ f
f

acc. = accusative (case) n. = noun, nominal adj. = adjective obj. = objective (dat. case) adv; = adverb opp. = opposite agrie. = agriculture p. = participle art. = article (gram, term) p.p. = past participle astron. = astronomy pi. = plural bio. =ibiology pol. = polite: (or politics) bot. = botany poss. = possessive (case) conj. = conjunction (gram.) pred. = predicate dat. = dative (case) pron. = pronoun esp. = especrally reflex. = reflexive excl. = exclusive respect. = respectful f. = feminine (gender) V. respect. = very respectful fam. = familiar (address) sing. = singular gen. = general s.o. = someone hon. = honorific (address) Spk.Tam.= spoken Tamil incl. = inclusive sth.= something mstru. = instrumental (case) suf.= suffix inter]. = inteijection temp.= temperature' interr. = interrogative v. = verb irr. = irregular v.i. = verb instransitive irrat.= irrational v.t. = verb transitive m. = masculine (gender) voc. = vocative (case)

Abbreviations Used

BASIC TAMIL DICTIONARY

English-Tamil (this side) Tamil-English (other side)

LOCKWOOD *

su/TcSSi/il

Tambaram Research Associates MCC, Tambaram, Madras 600 059

INTRODUCTION This dictionary of 'basic Tamil' has been compiled primarily for English speaking persons who are learning Tamil - though it is hoped that others may find it useful, too. The Tamil vocabulary here is approximately two thousand words. The selection of this vocabulary has been influenced by the Voice of America's 'Special English' one-thousand-word list. The Tamil vocabulary is given both in the Tamil script and in transliteration. The method of transHteration used is a modification of the system used in the Tamil Lexicon (University of Madras). The following table gives the letters which are 'initial' vowels (i.e., vowels which begin a word):

Copyright 1994: M. Lockwood

Price: Rs. 100.

Typeset by T.R.A. on a Macintosh PB145 Printed at Sudarsan Graphics, Madras 500 017

Hi

^ =a (the short a, as in 'among') ^ - a (the long a, as in 'alms') = i (the short i, as in 'in') fF -1 (the long I, as in 'machine') a- -u (the short K, as in 'pat') ss = u (the long ii, as in 'rwby' or 'Zulu') 67 = e (the short e, as in 'etiquette') 67 = e (the long e, as in 'etude') g = ai (a diphthong, as ai in 'aisle') 9 = 0 (theshort, clipped o, as in'opaque') g = 0 (the long d, as in 'owe') s^srr - an (a diphthong, as ou in 'owch') iv

. The Initial Vowels

The consonant letters a, #, L_, ^, u, and p are pronounced differently in different positions in a word. At the beginning of words, the first five of these letters are pronounced roughly as k in '/dn'; as s in '^in'; as t in 'rin'; as th in 'fMn' (but as a pure plosive, with no air escaping past the tongue at the start of the word); and as p in 'pin'. The consonant p (r) never begins a word. When doubled within words, the first five of these letters, with the exception of 93= (echo), are pronounced similarly. The exception, (echo) as in ^s^ffSLD {acchagam), is pronounced approximately as the ch m 'cAum'. As transliterated in this dictionary, (rra) as in wpip (marra) is pronounced approximately as tra in the word 'tradition' (the r sound is rolled).

Intervocalically, that is, with vowels in front and back of any one of these consonant letters (e.g., in ^xLD [agam]): -ffi- is pronounced as a fricative g; -3=-is pronounced as s in '.jin'; - iL- is pronounced as dm 'ma<iam'; - ^ - is pronounced as the voiced th in 'mother'; - u - is pronounced as b in 'labor'; and - p - is pronounced with a rolled r sound. Each of the above six consonant letters has a related nasal: has isj (n) as in 'sing'; #has (n) as in 'oraon'; L-has (), a retroflexive n; ^ has |5 (n), a dental n, as in 'month'; u has LD (?7z), as in 'amber'; and p has ssr (n), an alveolar n.
vi

When directly preceded by a nasal, these six letters (, L_, ^, u, and are voiced. E.g.: - fBJsi - = - figa - (s^a: - = - nja - = - ntha - = - mba - ekp - = - nra - (the nr is pronounced like the ndr in 'unrfress', with the r slightly rolled) With two exceptions, the rest of the letters (which are semi-vowels) are relatively straightforward in their pronunciation: lu (y) as in 'y&s' 0- (r), a rolled r GO (Z) as in 'Zevel' sij (v) as in 'very' The two exceptions are: (), a fricative, retroflexive I quite peculiar to Tamil and some other Dravidian languages sfr (Z), a retroflexive I
- LDU
vii
- ssarL- =

- nda

Finally, there are in general usage six letters borrowed from the Sanskrit Grantha alphabet (whose sounds are fixed and do not vary according to their position in the words):

The complete Tamil alphabet, in proper order, together with the transliterated sounds associated with each letter, is given as follows: s FF i
I

k,g s,chj

dj y pr r

rsi n (SJ n iL ^ ^ u
0

J as in

7ar'

sijf = ehi -

^ (a retroflexive 5) 5 as in '>jin' A as in 'Aug' (a conjunct of k and s) M (a conjunct of ^ and r plus the medial vowel i) ( i as in 'j/zame')

a_
GT

u set U e ^ e

t,d

d) / si/ V

em n th (voiced & unvoiced) n p,b

isk) = usf =

S
9

LD m

y> I

or I

P r ^err au sir n Along with each verb, appearing in this dictionary in its imperative singular form, are given in parentheses its infinitive and converbial (or 'adverbial' participle): QsrrSi kodu {Qairr(S)s;s;, QsrrQt^^) ix

viii.

A
a, a n (art.), one (adj.) -

a c c i d e n t (chance happeniug)
tharcheyal

Acknowledgments I wish to thank ITuru M . Lakshmanan, of Serkkadu, Walajabad, who read through several rough drafts of this dictionary and made helpful comments. I also wish to thank Mr. S. Ramakrishnan for his assistance and Mrs. Usha Krishna for going through the original final draft and carefully checking the entries. Any anomalies are entirely my responsibility. I have sometimes deliberately departed from strict alphabetical order for word-family grouping reasons. Tambaram M. Lockwood

p(75 oru a b a n d o n ( v . t ) ; let go S!SIQ5)(5) kaividu

a c c i d e n t a l (adj.) tharcheyaldna

(-aS)l_, -fflflCSl) able (be able) (aux. v.) (tpuf-lLlLD mudiyum

a c c i d e n t a l l y (adv.) tharcheyaldga

be u n a b l e (aux. v.) -

a c c o m p a n y (v.t.) si^lLiGufT (- Gurrs, - Gumii)

thiramaiydna

Qjus^iurr^
able (adj.) ^psnLDtunesr

mudiydthu

kuda-p-po

accomit(s) (n.); c o m p u t a t i o n dsswffi(g kanakku

sariydna

ability (n.) ^pes)LD thiramai

a c c u r a t e (adj.)

a b o u n d (v.i.), be full -

s^ifliurresr s:fr\iuiT<s
a c c u s e (v.t.) -

njlsm/o

nirai

a c c u r a t e l y (adv.)
sariydga

about (prep.), concerning U/D/75) p a r r i a b o u t (nearly) (adv.) SrLDlTrTn's sumdrdga

(ffjPpLDfFnC
(-<3^ffL.L_, /7)

kurramsam

(make) a c h e (v.t.), hurt QjsiS) vali mele a c h e (v.i.), hurt -

above G u ) s b mel, GLDGSO accept (v.t.)

Note: A section on Food is in the middle of the book.

^^^isQs/rsrr

otthukkol

(3;5/T

no

{-Qsiraretr, -Qarrtisr) accident; calamity (n.) eSlu^^ vibatthu a c h e (n.), pain EUSiS) vali, GrsfTexj novu

achievement (n.) flT^anssr sddhanai across (prep, or adv.) @ f f ! y G kurukke act (v.); dance rsts^ nodi (jsist-ss, !Bisf.0i) act (v.); do - .

administration, r u l e ^CSl Stchi managementnirvdgam otthukkol administration,

advise (v.Lj buddhi(mathi)

(- Qmeoai, -

f r i g h t f u l (adj.) uturajmrruDrrasr sol

QmoieS)

payangaramana f r i g h t f u l l y (adv.) uujraia;[TLDrrai payahgaramdga a f t e r (adv.), t h e n ^LJLjpLb cSi/L/qptb after aijfi^^ kalitthu pinbu, appuram appuram a f t e r ( b e y o n d i n space) -

rSlireimaih

a d m i t (accept) (v.t.) s^^]SiG\ai!Tea {-Qsirareir, ^emiLnSl a d m i t (v.t.) Qs^ff ser -Offl/rsw) anumathi

affair, m a t t e r SITlfliULD affect ( v . t ) un^ pdthi kariyam

Qs^iLl sey (Qa^iuiu, Qsiugf)

a c t i o n (n.) Qs^iuso rElSf-'Spr seyal nadigar unmaiydga Qsfi^) actor (in drama) a c t u a l l y (adv.) s_eiisrss)LDUJfTS a d d (v.t.); j o i n Qff^ sir (G*!7, a d d (v.t.); gather u p ; collect

a d m i t ( v . t ) , get a d m i t t e d -

affection, kindness, love ^eJfTLf ^ekiurresr be a d m i t t e d (v.i.) Ga:^ ser ((5#!r, CdFjj-jE^) a d u l t (n.); e l d e r vayathu-vanthor advance (money); d e p o s i t (LpesruemLD munpariam ^esTUrrai anbu anbana anbdga affectionate, k i n d , loving affectionately, lovingly b e a f r a i d (v.); fear -

a f t e r ( t i m e ) ; above LSIeir pin, LSGSTLI ISSBTOSST iSiasTasrrTso LSlekssmGeO a f t e r n o o n (n.) iBlpuasM affer-svards iSipurr L5)ff3@ pirpddu, piragu marupadiyum, pirpagal pinne, pinnal, pinnale

^l^a

anju
payanthiru

aii.iL.Qt kuttu (fflvi' I , u l . i f ) a d d i t i o n (n.) ( i n arithmetic) >.L.L_<M kuttal address ( o f residence) (Lpsevifl adjust (v.) ffi^uQi^^ saripadutthu mugavari

(^(gff, ^(gffl) be a f r a i d (v.) uiu^^Qg

g i v e an a d v a n c e -

qpeitusmih
munpanam (- Q/r@), (ipeijQGST^

QsinQ\
QanQi^gi) munneru
(LpanGeifr^)

(-g)(i5, - O S S ' )

a f r a i d (adj.), f e a r f u l ^l^&tu uiu^^ ^a^ffWrresT uiULDn'esr UlUfBiaip'LD aiijiya, payantha, acchamdna, payamdna payahgaram

kodu

a d v a n c e (v.), progress {(LpauGewip,

a g a i n (adv.) LCin;i]LJU).U-ILD LSemQiiii ^iq.a;ans{. UisO(lfi0S)p

intndum adikkadi, palamurai

a d j u s t m e n t (n.) saripadutthuthal

a g a i n and a g a i n (adv.)

a d v i c e (n.) L/^^(u)@) buddhi(mathi}

s o m e t h i n g f r i g h t f u l (n.)

against (adv.), opposed to wrriprra; mSraga, si^pTTtX ethirdga age (years old) aJiUl vayathu era (n.) aireOLD kalam agitate (v.L); move; shake ^ f ) f f asai be agitated; move; shake (v.) ^ana' asai
(j^enffiu, ^mir^gi)

agriculture (n.) eSleufffTiULD vivasSyam, GeverrfremanLD velanmai aid (n.) -

alas!, misfortune; sin Ufra/ti) pavam oppSga, pole uyirudan, alike (adv.)

S-^eSl
S-^eSl

aid (v.L)

uthavi Gl3=dj uthavi sey

GunGeo
alive-

epuurrs

a_(z5)(5L_Mr

(- G)*iuiu, - Qsiugi) aim (v.L), to point at -

S-erretT uyir ulla all, all kinds "ofSTsbsufT ells,

^f^urrpr

kuripar

alms (u.) l3<fema= picchai alone; unique; sole ^asfl thani, ^asflujns thaniyaga, ^esfliurreu thaniyam alone (only) lDL-.(giUi mattum along side (prep.) L/ffi^@sb pakkatthil along w i t h (prep.) ffiii kiida all along (adv.) Q/5(51 neduga a lot of (adj.) rles)puj niraiya aloud (adv.) ff^^LDfTSi satthamaga already (adv.); before (LpeiflQu munbe, (yjsJTSSrCoU) munname also (adv.); even -S-IM -um, -kada although (conj.) erekpfT&^Lb enralum, irunthapothum always (adv.); whenevereriliGuiT^Lh eppothum 5

agitate (emotionally) (v.t.) < S S U ; @ kalakku

(asuffis, U*g))

aim (n.), purpose, goal (ggS hurt, (seyal) nokkam air (n.), w i n d <SlTn)^ karru a i r p o r t (n.) vimana nilaiyam alarm (n.), state of alarm uiULh ^S^ffiJD payam, accham thidukkidu
0 ) i _ , ^(ilffig)L-0)

ellavithamdna all (things) (n.) STsbsonii ellam ellSrum, all (people) (n.) sreoeonqfiLCi STSwGsua'(5Lb elldrum all (whole) (a.) (Lp(tgeu^uo muluvathum allo-sv (v.t.); leave; let go a5)(51 vidu (a5)t_, O S I L - ) aUov? (v.t.), permit r ^ C T / L p S i ) anumathi (<^@UU)^, ^w,su^i,gi) almost (adv.) SllLi^^ClUttatthatta, konjam kuraiya

be agitated (emot.) (v.i.) i5SUEJ(g kalahgu

(<BSOra/iK, SU/SJS))

ago (adv.) (LpesTLf munbu agree (v.) < ? U ) L D ^ sammathi

(tftiiD^a;^, ffLDLD^^^)

agree with ( v . ) e^^gjaQsrrist otthukkol

{-Qsazheff, -Qds/7eMrCp)

be alarmed (v.i.), frightened -

agreement (n.); contract epLJU^^LD oppantham

alas! (interj.) ^GiUfT aiyo

always; forever always; ever^fipf

ereJsrgiILD enrum enraikkum

ambassador (n.) ambition (n.) Gufrrr^suLD

Lj^SLpiTJ'aJUi ^(^1 dhuthar

6TS5rs!npa;@)Lb

and (conj.) -a_ib ... -a_Lb -um... -um, anger (n.) GarruiM kobam be angry (v.i.) GsrruLDfrs ^ ( T J
kobaindga iru LDipgiJLD marrum

pugalSrvam, perarvam

amend (v.L), emend; correctthirutthu

among (prep.) s-sir ul, S-enQerr ulle, amount (n.), measure; limitamount (n.); anthology Qssfrems thogai amplification (n.); details si5)sx/ini vivaram anarchy (n.) ancient (adj.) thonmaiyana, ULpemLDturresr (^LpUULD kulappam ^ensij alavu

anger (make angry) (v.t.) GSITU^LL

(- i)(!5, - ^mm)

^es)L-Guj

^es)L^u5i<so

idaiyil,

idaiye

angry (adj.) GsrTjjQfisrrerr angrily (adv.) GaUTUWlTSi

(-safL.(_, -ssnCis).)

kobamuttu

kobamulla ksbamaga

another (of the same) (adj.) - ant (n.) ^CsKSsWfrCfJ inndru. er^LDi-i erumbu another (different) (adj.) antiqxiity (n.) Gevg) vera, ULpemLD palamai, GajGplTQ^ veroru yfieumnetiLD purvakalam another (of the same) (adj.) any (adj. & pron.) LDipro marra, LDirj maru, ^ ^ f r s u ^ ethdvathu, LDpGpfTq^ marroru eJG^^La ethenum, another (person) er^sijlh ethuvum, wppeupi marravar, ujnQ^rT( yathoru GeilGpn'(ii^evp' veroruvar anybody (pron.), anyone another (thing) (n.) lunrjrTsy^ yaravathu, Gsi/Gpffswgy veronru STSuGprgyLo evaremim answer (n.), reply anyone (pron.), everyone u^so pathil, answer (in exam.) (n.), reply - nobody (pron.) eSleini vidai yarum illai answer (verbally) (v.) anyhow (adv.)
LDgnQiarTifi
(- QfffTaJoi,

LDgu^Lnrrifi

marumoli

luiT(Lh yarum

angle (n.); comer GsnemLB konam animal (n.) Qarra^Sr

kolusu

Qa^rrei}

LSlrrtreissfl pirani anklet (silver) (n.) -

LSl(t^mLD mirugam,

marumoli sol

palamaiyana

anniversary (n.) ^isisr eS\Lpn andu vila announce (v.t) (^j5)a5), ^jS)aS)^^) announcement (n.) 6 ^(^eSluLf arivippu
^n5)si5)
arivi

u ^ s b Qs^irei) bathilsol answer (in writing) (v.) bathil

sfflfflDi Qmeo

- Q{FiTa)eSI);

anything (pron.) anything (pron.), whicheversT^syii ethuvum anyway (adv.) eruuiq-turriiSls^lih

eppadiyayinum (urrGfies}llM ydthSnum

eppadiyenum

vidai sol;

(- 7(yi^, - r(^)^)

eluthu

anywhere (adv.), somewhere eTfSjGsiurrajgl engeyavathu anywhere (adv.), wherever^lilGsiLjlJo ehgeyum apologize, ask forgiveness wasTss^uLi Gserr mannippu kel

appointment (n.) -

a p p r o a c h (v.i.); reach; get adai

rSllULDStsnh niyamanam, ff^^uq santhippu

argument (n.)

QJlT^frQl^A> vathaduthal a r m (n.); hand trunk (elephant) (n.) ^^setnsi uani padai OTcS kai thuthi-k-kai

(e&)eu[r{siis

(vi)vatham,

arrival (n.)
suq^es)ai euq^^et) SpreilLD

arrogance (n.)
aipeylLBfTeST

varugai, varuthal

a p p r o a c h ; reach; join with Gff/f ser (Cffjr, Qst^gi) (- Gil, - Csilg)) apology (n.), asking forgive. - a p p r o a c h (v.i.) (o)/50ffi/@ nerungu mesrasflLjq QmiLL^eo (GliBtsmia, QjBdSiiiSi) mannippu kettal approval (n.) appeal (for help) (v.) SFLDUD^LD sammatham (LpempuSQ) muraiyidu approve (v.t) appeal (n.) Geuem(S)Q'SrTerr
(((/)anj)u5lL_, (LpenpuSICQi) {-QarreheiT, -Qa/rcHr) a^LOLO^ sammathi

a r r o g a n t (adj.) -

karvam karvamana

army (n.); troops; force aroimd

surri,

arrogantly (adv.) a r t (n.) -

S^euLorrs

karvamdga

a-p^&^Lb surrilum arrange (v.t.)

(- Qsihiu, -

vendukol

appear (v.); s e e m G^fTekgU thonru (G^/rrarn), CS^/rswjB) appearance (n.); scene G^rrppib thorram, appoint (v.t.) -

approximately (adv.) aLDfTp' SIILL-^^LLL^

sammatham therivi (- Q^iHeSIss, - Q{iiflsSI0gi) sumar, kittatthatta

amLS) katchi

area; region; portion -

(-u^, - u g ) ^ ) arrangement, preparation erpurrCS) erpa4u arrest (stop) (v.t) -

Q<F(U oluhgu sey Qfiii^y, 6Tpjj/r(j) QfflU erpS4u sey; a=^UuQ\^l sarippadutthu

^0^rrLO chitthiram artist (n.) ^ofllL/ir oviyar, as (conj.) uu^ujaec padiyaU

^esTUU^iurreO ^emaiums: chitthirakkSrar

assDSU 'kalai,

appoint (to a job) (v.t.) GejesxsosiULDp'^gl velaikkamanthu 8

liltULSI niyami

fi0auuu@@
a r g u e (v.) urjLJULpeij

paguthi, uijULf parappu,

rSt^^SI

nirutthu

arrest (take into custody) esi^x^ QfFUj kaithu sey

as, in accordance with UU^GlU padiye as, l i k e ascend (v.i.), go up GLDGSV Q3=<A)

anapadiyal, agaiyal

nilappaguthi, parappalavu

arrive (v.i.) QJ/jg/ Gr

(- Qffiuiu, - Qfftugi)
(- CSffjr, - Gffpii/)

LD/7^/fl mdthiri, ^UUlSj-GlU appadiye

eiirr^iT vathsdu

vanthu ser

(- Qa^su, - Qa^swnjj)

male sel

ascend (v.i.), enter (vehicle) <^g)J em (,^0), ^nSI)

astonish (v.) acchariyamuttu

(-afiTL,!, -aaiLLuj.)

attend, wait on, look after sieuetfl kavani

(61/C3fl<S, sisuesfl^^)

a w a k e n (someone else) (v.t.) ST(LpULl eluppu

{^(LffUU, TlLgUl3)

ash (n.) ffnihueo sambal ask: listen; obey (v.) G s c r r kel ( G L . , Gatl) asleep (adv.) gffSSLDfTS thukkamaga assemble (v.i.) OidLQi kum
(ffijlL, ffijll^)

astonishment (n.) ^#5=ffluj/i acchariyam

astonisliing (adj.) acchariyamana

attention (n.), heeding aeiissTLO kavanam pay attention (v.) dssi/ssfl kavani a u n t (n.), father's sister; mother's brother's wife ^^es)^ atthai a u n t (n.) LDmSI mami a u t h o r ; editor; t e a c h e r ^&lfluj^ asiriyar a u t h o r i t y ; power; command rS>l^<SfTrTLD athikaram a u t h o r i t a t i v e (adj.) athikaramana authoritatively (adv.) athikaramaga avoid (v.t.); abstain f r o m ^eSlfr thavir avpake (v.i.); get up; emerge ST(y) elu (ejip, ej(L0^gi)

away siSlsuS) vilagi, gUff dhUra, Q^nemeoeSieo B b a b y (n.); c h i l d (gLp^ans^ kulanthai b a c k (of one's body) (IfiSKS "^"ihugu b a c k (general) (n.) tholaivil

astonishingly (adv.) acchariyamaga

assist ( v . ) O-^'sSl Qffuj

at (prep.) uthavi sey -g)sb

-n

(- Qffiuiu, - QiFtujy)

atmosphere (n.) -

assistance (n.), help (gy)n5)s!f)(SU sulnilai S-^aSl uthavi atom (n.) assistant (n.), h e l p e r r^smi aim S-^eSliurreirp^ uthaviySlar, attack (v.L) gieinem{ajp) thuriai(var) ^lTm(g thdkku {^iTsx, 0rTaSl) association; corpn.; pol. party attack (n.) XLpaih kalagam ^rT<s^S<A> thakkuthal, association, society, union er^p'uq ethirppu fliiaih sangam attempt (n.); effortassurance (n.) (Lpiup^ muyarchi uruthi attempt (v.) assure (v.) (lfilUp& QfFiU S-gU^ Qff^iu uruthi sey muyarchi sey
(- Qsiuiu, - Qffiligj) (- Qsiuiu, Qffiu^)

iSdr pin,

iSleirnpLD pinpuram b a c k ( w a r d ) (adv.) LSIeir pin, ^(LDISI thirumbi, ^(ULSI thiruppi (w/ v.t.) b a d (adj.); s p o i l e d ketta b a d m a n (n.) Q(5JL.t_eus5r kettavan b a d (situation, etc.) (n.) Qwrrs^LD mosam b a d (adj.) QiDtTS^Lorresr mosamSna b a g (n.) E n u pai

10

11

baggage (n.) fflTLDmAt saman

bank (shore) (n.) saniT karai

balance (v.t.); compare samanilayakku

bank (financial) (n.) suffiyS) vahgi

thadu

bar (to block) (v.t.) ^Qt (3(5),

basket (n.) 5i.nL_ kudai bat (animal) (n.) Qeiieneurreo vauval bath (n.) (gsrflujsb kidiyal bathe (oneself) (v.i.) @sn) kuH
(gsiSa;*, (gsi9^^)

beach (n.) tsetncr karai sea-shore (n.) ffiL_(D<5S!njr kadar-karai beak (bird's) ~
alagu,

balance (remainder) (n.) mithi

bar (rod) (n.) ^14. aiMiS thadi, kambi

(paravai)

mukku

ball (n.) U^j panthu

ballot (n.) 6^lLs=SlL(S\ ban (v.t.) ^ S i n t _ Qftu thadaisey

barber (n.)
CSI/LDL/LLLISW fSrre&^sir ambattan, n&vithan

bathe (another) (v.t.) (ge/i^LJUnLOt kidippattu ((gsiSiJun-L.i_, (gaBuumluj.) bathing r o o m (n.) kidiyal arai

bear (v.t.); give birth QugjJ peril (Qup, Qupgii) bear (animal) (n.) beard (n.) ^mq. dhadi

(- Qffiuiu, - Slffiiigi) ban (n.) ^eini_ tliadai ban order (n.) thadai uttharavu

bark (of a dog) (n.) (ginsw(^65Gb) kulaj(tthal) bark (v.i.) @ansu kulai (@n6D, (gencu^^) base (n.), bottom; foot; step ^Lq, cult

beat (v.t.), h i t ^14. adi

battle (n.); w a r -

Qunir par
battle (v.) sandai pannu
( - ucinsreiror, - u e w s B a f l ) ;

beauty (n.) ^Lp(g, alagu

beautiful (adj.) ^LpsiiresT alagana, alagiya

banana (n.) eu[TeS)Lp valai

base (n.), b o t t o m ^Lq.uus;sih adi-p-pakkam

banana (mature fruit) evrranifiLJULpLD valai-p-palam

baseless (adj.) kdranam illatha

ffessremi GurrQi saiidai podu (- Gum-, - Guml.&) be (v.i.); becomebe (v.i.); stay, w a i t -

^LpSllu
i^jQesresTprrA)

because (conj.), f o r enenral

just because of that athanalthan

bangle (n) enmeiTiueci valaiyal

basic (adj.) ^LS^LIUS!nL^UJIT<Sl!r adippadaiyana, ^u^uues)Ladippadai

bracelet (n.) xauLj kappu

on account of; as snriemLDnsi karanamaga

12

13

become (v.i.); b e bed (with mattress) L;(5)aani5 padukkai cot (without mattress) aiiLls\.eo kattil bee (n.) Q^df them beetle (n.) isiiemQ\ before (in space); opposite er^pr ethir, er^Gir ethire before (in time); already ejpsenrGaj erkanave, (Lpewssrrrsb munna! before, formerly (Lpek mun, (ipekLj munbn, (LpssKeBsr munne, (Lpeitesmeii munnal, QfietsTBSinQiso munnale beg (v.) Gserr picchai kel (-C5il, - (SL.) beggar (n.) picchaikkdran

begin (v.i.) Q^nL^iai(Q thodahgu (Qigrrumis, Q^/rLrag)) begin (v.t.) ^[TLDlSl aramhi
(=^UIL51,

belong (v.t.) -

beginning (n.) ^tTlhuLD arambam beginning (n. or adj.); first ( t p ^ s b muthal behave; happen; walk -fSI. nada {rsiAs, rsi-^si) behavior (n.), conduct rsiSiiLsi.a;ana nadavadikkai, lEL^^an^ nadatthai behind (prep.) iSeir pin, LSlssTOSTneo pinnal, LSeiTLlpLh pinpuram being (n.) g)(T5^^sb irutthal belief; confidence; hope fSLbtilaans nambikkai believe (v.), trust rSLbl-l nambu (jBiiu, rsiiiLS) bell; hour (of the day) iosssfl mani

^ijiMi3$^)

better (adj.) QimsonesT melana sonthainayiru between (prep.) -^mm) ^swtuSlsb idaiyil, LD^^uSieo matthiyil belonging to (adj.) beyond; moreover; then (3ff!J75^ serntha ^ULIpih appuram below; eastern g y ) kll beyond (in space) bemoaning (n.); m o u r n i n g ^LJLjpLh appuram LjeVLDuec pulambal big (adj.); important benefit (n.); welfare QufDlU periya /gEOti nalam,tssueinLD nanmai bind (v.t.); tie; buildbenefit (v.t.) siCQ kattu ISsireinLD Qffiu nanmai sey beside (prep.), next usm^^eo pakkatthil besides; m o r e o e v e r (jLospfLD melum best (adj.)migacchirantha, utthama(mana) betray (v.L); reveal (- G)ffijiu, QiFiiigi)

(L.(_, fflL-'l^.)

bundle (n.) L!_(5) kattu bird (n.) u p s D S U paravai,

14

(g(njeiSI kuruvi birth (n.) i S p u q pirappu vanjanai sey bite (v.t); chew (- Qa^iiiiu, - Qa^iugi); dSlif. kadi a;mLi^.AQarT(Si kattikkodu bitter (adj.) ffiffuufrew kasappana 15bitterness (n.) <5<FUL/ kasappu

b l a c k (adj.) SgiJUUiraST 3i^es)LDUjfTetrr xtSllU sg^jULj Uifi Ulfl pali, pali kariya karuppu {gppib (uifids, kurram uifi^gi); sattu blackness (n.) b l a m e (n.); fault; revenge b l a m e (v.t.) @ f f ) p i i i s^fTlLQl kurram (- ffmli_, - ffitCuf.) b l a n k (n.), emptiness QsiwysnLD sneSl QsugilLD snisuefh gali verum kambali vadi verumai, karuppana, karumaiydna,

b l e s s i n g (n.) ^^p-eutT^LD b l i n d (adj.) (aj(l^LLQ\ (gd^L-fTesr b l i n d l y (adv.) kuruttutthanamaga b l i n d n e s s (n.) (g(/5(5) ssm kan kurudu, Q^ifliurTLDso theriyamal kurudar (^filffiffl, rattham y pu kiirudana aslrvatham

b l o w (as w i n d ) (v.) adi b l u e ( n . ) , dark b l u e ^i^-^)

b o l d n e s s (n.) em0lfluJLD b o n e (n.) STeplLDLj b o o k (n.) fl5ffsu nUl, Lf^^sih (L/sfu^ffiti ffissi/r karai, putthagam pusthakam) ^prih ellai {iSlroaa;, iSp^) dram elumhu dhairiyam

/fsuii
/fso

nilam
nila palagai padagu, odam, thoni kappal udal

b l u e (adj.) b o a r d (n.), p l a n k usvsmss b o a t (n.) Ul-.(Q e^lLD G^rrsmfl ship (n.) suueb b o d y (n.) _L_su boil ( v . t ) kothikkappattiru

b o r d e r ( n . ) ; shore b o r d e r (n.); l i m i t ; e x t e n t STsbsinsU iSIp pira b o m (be); b e i s s u e d b o r r o w (take a loan) (v.) kadan vahgu (- aimiia, - ajmiiS) b o s s ( n . ) , master, l o r d er^Lorreir ejamdn, (Lp^evrreifl ^emeoeupT ^irsw'(5l(ti) bottle ( n . ) LJLL^. putti b o t t o m ; f o o t ; step dhairiyamaga adi(-p-pakkam) muthalali, thalaivar iraiidu(m)

b l i n d p e r s o n (n.) ^(/JLjj ^(5) p'^^ih thadu b l o c k (to stop) ( v . t . ) b l o o d (n.) b l o o m (n.), blossom toswp" malar, CraS]s;es)X GfflTeffl a^llsiW b l o u s e ( w o r n w i t h saree) ravikkai, choli sattai

b l a n k (adj.), empty b l a n k e t (n.) bleed (v.i.) jr^gli) a/ig. rattham

(-g)(n;ffiffi, -iml)
b o a (v.i.), be b o i l e d Qsn^
(Glmrr^aa,

bleeding (excessive) (n.) rattha-p-pokku bless ( v . t ) ^fflrsu^ aslrvathi

kothi
Qa!t^0gi)

b o t h (adj. & p r o n . ) -

b l o u s e (western style) b l o w ( n . ) ; stroke; t h u n d e r

b o l d (adj.) em^iflujiUDrresr dhairiyamana boldly (adv.)etil^lfllULDrra

16

17

bottom (adj.) ^/ry)/5^ thalntha bow (to) (v.); worship oJemiBJf^ vanahgu

a breaking open (n.) breath; life; vowel a_u5)p- uyir breath (n.); UfemUcchu breathe (v.) ^p#a5)(4l mucchuvidu brevity (n.) s^qgAaih surukkam brick (n.) Qffliiseo sengal bride (n.) (-sSlL., -Q5)L.(JI) s^es)i_LJLl udaippu

box (n.) QuiLuj. petti boy (n.) muiuasT paiyan bracelet (n.) brain (n.) ^anstr XITLJLI kappu

brass (n.) iSl^e^mea pitthalai brave (adj.) eBp'ljarrem viramam bravery (n.) oSfTlii vlram bread (n.) QirmLt^ rotti breadth (n.) break (v.t.) a_5ll_ udai
^seOLD agalam (ji-csiLfflffl, a-OTL-^^)

mUlai

LDSmuQuem mana-p-pen, seoturrsmuQuem kalyana-p-pen bridegroom (n.) UjsssrLOiSsjr maita-magan, LDiruiSmsnm mappillai bridal couple (n.) mana-makkal bridge (n.) brief (adj.) Si^asiLDlTeiST

LDeswLDserr mana-magal,

LBemiasiSierT

break (be broken) (v.i.) a_!n(_ udai

uireoLD palam

18

surukkamana

brother (general term) briefly (adv.) sQsin^rreisr sagotharan s^Q^ssLorT'X surukkamaga elder brother bright (adj.); clear^(SWOTsrsaT" annan (^isnaaLDaem vilakkamana, younger brother LDUJiDirasT olimayamana ^LDl3 tliambi brow (eyebrow) brighten (v.) Lj([^eULti buruvam pirakasappadutthu brown (n.) U(LpLJLj paluppu brightness (n.) brown (adj.) iSfrafT'SFLh pirakasam u(LffUi-i rSlpLDrreu bright (adj.) paluppu niramana iSlprsmFLoaesr pirakasamana bucket (n.) 'umQaiC' brightly (adv.) euasnt vsli i3rrsirT9'LDlT3i pirakSsamaga buffalo (n.) brilliant (adj.) ~ 67(55 SOT LD(LDnr(5l) erumai(madu) pirakSsamulla build (v.t.); bind bring (v.t) miLQ) kattu Qanem(^ eurr kondu va (- aj!T, - ajpgi) building (n.), construction bring down (v.t.); lowerSilLi<i.L^La kattidam irakku bull (n.) (MP^' g! ) )D S) a/rsmsrr kalai broad (adj.) buUock (n.); ox ^SisVLDrresT agalamSna eTQg^ eruthu broom (n.) bullock cart (n.) ^S!n(_iJuti thudaippam u:n'L-(51su5iir4- mattu-vandi 19

surusuruppdna, ^^eu^errerr aluvalulla, (Lpiup^iurresT muyarchiyana b u t (conj.) ^ssTiTSO anal butter (n.) be burned (v.i.); be scorched - QeusssTQemiu venney giu *fy (^lu, ^ili^gi) buttermilk (n.) burst (v.t.) Guorrp' mor Qsuif vedi b u y (v.t.); get; receive (QsU^.<B&<B, Q f i U i f ^ ^ ) eun'isi(g vdhgu burst (n.) (cumsyiS, eufrmiSi) Qeilis^uq vedippu by, by way of; through -cgjSb -dl, bury (v.t.) euLfiiuneo valiydl, Lfes)^ puthai suLftiUfTS valiydga, (L/n^*3!, qen^^gi) Uffi^@su pakkatthil be buried (v.i.)

bundle (n.) <KL. kattu (sticks), gpL-anL_ muttai (cloth) b u r n (v.t.);heatST/fl eri (6T(fl<sffi, eriH^gi) burn (v.i.); glow; be angry ST/fl eri (sirfJiu, eriH^gi) b u m (v.t.); scorcli -

busy (adj.) -

aigtisiguuunssr

call (v.t.); invite cSVJntp alai call (v.t.); s h o u t Si^ULS\Q\

candidate (n.) QeuiLuasn^ vetpdlar capital (city) (n.) -

call on (v.t.), visit (o)s9:(S5WK U/Tjr senrupdr (- uwffis, - unf^gi); Gumuuunpi poy-p-pdr

(JJLS)IL., VUL9L1(41)

captive (n.) S!f)as@ kaithi c a p t u r e (v.t.), catch LSU^ pidi {i3i^.ssi, iSin.^gi) captmre (n.) -

^emstirssp'

thalai-nagar

car(t) (n.); vehicle calm (n.) euemu). vandi ^s^LD^ amaithi care (n.); concern, worry calm (adj.) aeumso kavalai ^emLD^lurresr amaithiyana care (v.i.) calm down (v.i.); obey saj(;inevLiu(S)0^ ^L^!Sl(gl a4angu kavalaippadutthu camel (n.) a^L.(_<Btb ottagam can (aux. v.) (LpU^lLjLD mudiyum c a n ' t (aux. v.) Qjus^ajrr^ mudiySthu cancel (v.t.) [T^^ Qa^ih ratthu sey (- Qffdjtu, - Qffiij^) cancer (n.) LlpguGrSfTiu purru-noy
{^luiim, ^L_B;S))

iSlL^^^eo piditthal

take care (v.i.) tsssussfl kavani care (n.), heed aeussTLD kavanam careful (adj.) ssnssiLanetsr kavanamana carefully (adv.) SieiiesTLDnsi kavanamaga carpenter (n.) ^a^<9=sJT thacchan

bus (n.) business (n.); trade -

calamity; accident; danger ^U^1 dbatthu calf (young animal) kanru(-k-kutti)

<sSlu^l

vibatthu,

20

21

c a r r y (away) ( v . t ) G)<5/raJ5r(51 Gurr kondu pd

cease (hunger, etc.); end ;f/Hy@ niiigu $imSi) celebrate (v.) G\sinemL_nQ\
(QarreisrL.n-L., Qxirsisri-insi.)

certainly (adv.) kattayaml-aga, nicchayaml-aga c e r t a i n t y (n.); necessity ^evFliULD S-gU^ avasiyam uruthi kattayam nicchayam narkali thalaivar certainty; firmness, strength certainty; c o m p u l s i o n ailLllTUJLD j^ffs^iUlh c h a i r (n.) rsnipsimsSI 65S!nusi/^ e^rrsir c h a i r m a n / p e r s o n (n.); l e a d e r c h a m p i o n (n.) viran, Jeyippavan tharcheyal Q^uSluuevsir sSpQ'SFUJeci certainty (n.); truth -

change (coins) (n.) ^soeostnrr) change (v.i.) LarrgiJ mam { i m r p , wnrS!) c h a n g e ( v . t ) ; exchange Lorrp^
{wrrpp,

sillarai

(- Surra, - Qunii)
car(t) (n.); v e h i c l e GuesTiru}. SITSr vandi c a s h (change); paise kasu cash (money) (n.) usOTTli) panam caste (n.) ^fT0 yanssr jathi punai cat (n.) catch (v.t.); capture L 5 I 1 4 , pidi (LS1I?., iSttsf.^) cattle (cows, bulls, oxen, goats & sheep) -

celebration (n.) Q/TSii!iri_mlL_ti> kondattam center; middle /5(il na4^ (u.), matthi(n.), LD^@

manu
Lanpe^)

c h a n g e (n.); transformation Lonwy^sb LDfTippLb maruthal, marram alhikaram patthiram nadatthai gtinam kurramsatm

/5(5)CoSl/ nadicve (prep.), rS(tiS)SlsO rmduvil (prep.) center (as an institution) (n.) emiMiULD 55(51 nadu, naduvana, maiyamana, matthiya nurrdndu sadangu, maiyam c e n t r a l (adj.) rsQlsyrreu LD^^UJ ^ppneiwQi c e r e m o n y (n.) a=L/Ey(g kondattam c e r t a i n (adj.); definite mL-jmuLDrresT f^a^a^iULDrresr kattayamana, nicchayamana

c h a p t e r (book); authority 55>/@flFtii UlT^^fflM fBL-^ss)^ (QsmLD c h a r a c t e r (story; play); pot behavior ( c h a r a c t e r ) (n.) c h a r a c t e r ; quality; health charge (v.t); a c c u s e (^ppLDffmLQi (-jm.' I , SiLLL-SiSTLD -ffuilj^.) kattatuan

^ ( J l Loa LDITQI madu

a4u madu

cows, bulls, & oxen (only) goats & sheep (only) =^(4) a4u cause (n.); r e a s o n SfTrrsssTLD karanam cause (v.t) sn'P'as!srLDn'(g karanamdgu (-=&*, ->S)) cease (v.i.); become tired i^iLl dy (giu, ^lu^si)

anLDiULDireisr c e n t u r y (n.)

c h a n c e (n.); unexpected event - c h a r g e (fee, fare) (n.) c h a n c e (adj.); accidental tharcheyalana by c h a n c e (adv.); accidentally ^ p Q f f i u surra tharcheyalaga thuratthi-c-chel c h a s e (v.t.), pursue thuratthu

(g/!r^,^3^^);

22

23

chase (v.); follow iSlekQ^fTL^ cheap (adj.) LDsSleuaesr LDeSleij ^LDfrn)^ eiKS^St malivana cheapness (n.) malivu emarru vanji cheat (v.t.) pinthodar

chicken (n.) (565/n^(<ss(g(^) kdli(-k-kunju) chief (adj.) (ipaStlu mukkiya. ^emei>es)LDUJiTssr thalaimaiyana. muthanmaiyana child (n.) iSsfToneiT (gip/Bena; pillai kulanthai child (n.); baby -

chosen (adj.) Q^ifl^ai therintha

city (n.) asffjT ur, rssiXLD UL-L-Sarii a_/fls!ntij clap (v.) -

nagaram,

chop ( v . t ) ; c u t Q a i t l ( 5 ) vettu (G)si/ili_, QeniLiq.) chop (n.); c u t QeuiL(S) GarruBA) Lurf^iT maths UL^LD vettu koyil GsnuSleo koyil padam, sinima vattam church (n.); temple R.C. church (n.) -

pattinam urimai

claim (n.); right, privilege -

es)s; ^ll(51 kai thattu

(- ^ L J _ , - ^ l l i ^ . )

c l a r i t y (n.) Q^efiieif clash (n.) ffsmesiLGiDrr^eo clash (v.) GLDfTgj mdthu{GwfTii,Gwfj^y, sandaipodu s^eisrisnL^Qurr (- (Sum-, - QunCj) class (n.); kind, sort emia vattamana, eiJ(giLJLj' inam vaguppu class (n.); division sandai, mdthal thelivu

cheating (n.) su^ffssissr uiflGfffT^ vanjanai parisSthi

cinema (film); pictore; map 'SlssFlLDfr' SULLL^LD

children (pi. n. only) us^tiiserr ffigHeuif pasahgal siruvar milagSy movay little ones (n.) chillies, red pepper lEIerr&imij chin (u.) GLDfTSXirriLI choice (n.) Q^preij (Q^/fley thervu therivu) themthedu

check (v.t.), examine -

circle (n.); region -

check-up (n.); med. exam ufilGa'n'^emasr LoSlLpisSl magilvi parisothanai cheer (up someone) (v.t.) (tofflyiaSaa, iciSl^sS\^i) chest (of the body) ( n . ) Q^(^5r LDrr^Lj
QLDSO

circular (adj.) euL-iLorresT vattavadivamana circumstance (n.); s i t u a t i o n ^^r^smeo suiTound[ing] sulnilai

classify ( v . t ) ; d i v i d e eiJ(g vagu (6u(gffi, claw (n.) rssLD nagam clean (grain, etc.) ( v . t ) aemetr kalai
aj(g^)

nenju. mdrbu

choose ( v . t ) ; elect G^/7V5(o)i5(5)

(-6Tffiffi, - 6 7 ^ ^ ) ;

chew (v.t.) met

situation (n.); c o n d i t i o n [p.p. only] feis)ev nilai

((D)U)JSU, Qtzjcargu)

Gi5/7T5^ themthu

24

25

clean (v.t) Si^^LD Qfiu (- Qffiuiu, -

climate (n.) suttham sey thatpaveppanilai

clothes (n.) ^ss)LS-(\ULf adai, uduppu megam

cold (adj.) (^eflirjnesr kulirana,

QffiiHs;);

(garS/jj5^

kulirntha

climb (v.t.); enter (vehicle)

cloud (n.) GLDSLD

very cold (adj.) LEas(ge/rl!TfTe!!T miga-k-kulirana

sutthappadutthu

exgu eru {^p, ^rgl)

climb (n.) ejrppLD erram

cloudy (adj.) LD^^fTrrLDfTesr mantharamSna

clean (adj.) a^esiiorran)

a^^li suttham

coUect (v.t.); join, unite G*(T ser (CSffffffiat,

komali ^TjlL thirattu

sutt)m(mana)

clock (n.); wristwatch Uj./rirtii kadigaram

Ga^^^^i)

cleanliness (n.); purity morally 'clean' person sutthamdnavar

clown (n.), comedian QsnLDrrefil m

coOect (v.t.); gather(gliTLX., ^jTLUJ.)

close (v.t.); shut

fffT^gl ^es)L^ satthu adai {ffiT^^, (-, -^i)

coal (charcoal) (uduppu-k)kari

be clear (v.i.) effletTlSJ^ vilahgu

close (prep.); n e a r ilL_

^(51 kitta

coal (mineral) (n.) rileosaifl nila-k~kari

collect (v.) skjLQ) kattu (ffijli_, flkili^.);

kudu (IL., ena^.)

(aSsrr/wa, Qgsiffl

eSmiiiSl)

close (v.t.); c o v e r miulu (opi-, apt?.)

coalition (n.) suLQl kuffu,

kuttinaivu 5^LLi4.!ns!S!!rci/.

collection (n.); c r o w d ffiilliUD

<9i.ll(5)

be clear (v.i.); be certain theli

be closed (v.i.); be covered

^l!j.u5)(T5 mudiyiru

knttam
kuttu

(Q^srBiu, Qiserfl/s^) make clear (v.L), clarify thelivupadutthu

collective (n.); partnership collective (adj.), joint shul^L^rresr

coast (n.); beach SL^psiemrr kadarkarai

(-g)C5, -^(sm) closing (n.), clostire; end ^LSj-Si^ QfiLq.Uj mudivu mudiya

clear (adj.) Q^isfHeurreisT thelivana

closed (adj.) cloth (n.); clothes jyssisfl thuni wear (clothes) (v.) udutthu

cock (rooster) (n.) Gffeueo seval coconut (n.) Q^lBJtumu thehgay

kuttsna
kuttaga,

collectively (adv.), jointly

gidLL^rrs

clearly (adv.) Q^siflsu/r thelivaga

coconut tree (n.) (o}fl;ssrsinsirr(u)fni)

thennai(maram)

ak.L^

kuda
kalluri

college (n.)
seo&^ffi

clarity (n.) Q^fflfflsi/ thelivu

coin (n.) SlTOr kasu

colony (n.) Sh.ls^u5\(LJLf kadiyiruppu

26

27

color (n.) f^pLD niram comb (n.) &ULI slppu comb (v.) ffa/ sivu {Sai, 9sSl) come (v.i.) comedy (n.) nagaicchuvai nddagam comedian (n.) QarfLoneH kSmali, sSisnseSl vikadakavi comic (adj.) QsnLDfTe^^^asTLDfTesr

kdmalitthanamdna,

^liiuurresr sirippana comically (adv.) kdmalitthammaga comicalness (n.) komalitthanam comfort (in life) (n.) *Slii sugam comfortable (adj.) SrSLDrrem sugamana

si5)<BL_iD/ri5W vikadamana,

comfortably (adv.) S^SLDITS sugamaga comfort (pleasant state) a/ff^@ vasathi comfortable (adj.) euf^iurrssT vasathiyana comfort (console) (v.t.) G^pgU therru (Ggpnj, G^prgf); ^piru arru {^pp, ^psH) comfort (consolation) (n.) ^%gll^eO aruthal comforting (consoling) (adj.) ^^j^^eurrm SruthalSna command (n.) t ^ c ^ o s w drtai command (v.t.) ^es)<smu5l(St anaiyidu siLt_e!nsrru51Qi kattalaiyidu command (n.) ^^arrrria athigSram comment (on) (v.) eSlerrssiexjenp- ^efH vUakkavurai all (- ^aSffiffl, coBomerce (n.); trade eSlturrurrpTLh viyabaram committee (n.) kulu, ffonu sabai 28.
-g)L.);

common (adj.); public; usual - competition (n.); contest QuiT^(eiirresr) potliu(vana) GumLln. potti complete (v.L); finish communicate (v.) (ipi^- mu4i ((tPt9-, Qfiut-^gl) be completed (v.i.); e n d (seythi) thodarbu kol (- Qanenerr, - Q^iremdl) (Lpuf. mudi (gpifi", (ipii^Sl) companion (n.) complete (adj.) G^fTLpasT tholan (m.), (Lplq.exinesT mudivdna G^fT^ thBlJ(f.), completely (adv.) fgeierueir nanban (m.) (Lp(Lgi^lJD muluthum companionship (n.) be completed (v.i) G^lTLpemLD tholamai (LpppuQugU murra-p-peru company (business, industry) - (-Qup, -Qupjfi) completely (adv.), entirely (tpipgllLh murrum tholir kudam compare (v.t.); contrast all(u.)e^Ul3 oppldu (LppgilLD murrum {^UISL-., ^ULSIL.)) comproinise (n.) compared to, than samarasa inakkam compromise (v.) sjL;Lf(513iffiu5)sb oppidukaiyil, samarasa inakkam sey 'go for a compromise' (v.) e^uiS\iLiaeo oppittal, t^^^uGurr otthu-p-po aSIl vida computation ^n.); accounts comparison (n.); contrast aismA(g, kanakku e^uLSQ\ concern (n.); care; worry compete (v.i.) dssi/ssisu kavalai GumLlS).uSl(S> pottiyidu {-11-^ -g)L-) 29

concerning; about un)^ unj^uj SffGfflfl parri parriya kaccheri wliich c o n c e r n s c o n c e r t (n.) c o n d e m n (v.t.); a c c u s e kuiramsattu (- mi' .1 ,, - sFnLis).) c o n d e m n (v.t.), s e n t e n c e thirppu kuru
(- aiJT), - <Kxff51)

c o n f i d e n c e ; belief; h o p e rgliiLSIsieins; c o n f i r m (v.t.) G]<y(U uruthi sey (- Qa^iiiiu, - Qa^tiigi) c o n f l i c t (n.) a=essranL(^LpuULD (SjLpULI i(S!fiuu, saitdai kulappam kulappu yjuLS) c o n f u s i o n (n.) c o n f u s e ( o t h e r s ) (v.t.) nambikkai

c o n g r a t u l a t i o n ( s ) (n.) urrrxniL evrrifi0^ eurrip^^LD pSrSttu, valtthu valjthum

c o n s t i t u t e (v.t.) ^es)LD (,^s!nu)<a:<s, amal ^Ginw^^)\ erpadutthu

c o n g r a t u l a t o r y (adj.) c o n n e c t (sth.) ( v . t ) ; string (beads, etc.) Q^nQi thodu (Q^/r(5i<ffiffi, Q0fT(S)0^) c o i m e c t (v.t.) S)sff)S53r Inal get c o n n e c t e d (v.i.), j o i n ^smssw Inal (fflsnsranu, 1 c o n n e c t i o n (n.) ^S)ns55rsi/ Inalvu

'^ipuQl^gJ (-U(S)^iS,
^emLD

-u(Si$^)
amal

b e c o n s t i t u t e d (v.i.)

c o n s t i t u t i o n ; institotion ^emLDUL) amalppu

c o n s t r u c t (v.t.); constitute ^ss)LD amat

b e c o n f u s e d (v.i.) (glfiLDLj kulambu condition (n.); quality; nature ^sirsjriLD thanmai

c o n s t r u c t i o n (n.)
^es)LDULj amaippu

(oyiLou, tpiitil)

c o n s t r u c t (v.t.) (KLL(51
kattu

condition ; state; situation fflfflnci) nilai,

rflaneoanLD nilaimai

confusion; delusion; fainting LDIUSSLD mayakkam confuse (v.t); c h a r m LDUJS(g mayakku (ujlUffiffi, wiusSf) b e c o n f u s e d (v.i.) LDtUBl^ mayahgu

(fflili-, L.u).) kattldam adakku

c o n s t r u c t i o n (building) sU-Uf-lLD =gi/z_(g i^i-sa, GutTlLl^. ajswiii c o n t a i n (v.t); control ^i_S)) potti kaTidam

conquer; triumph; succeed Qeueo vel (Glsususu, fflsucnwu) c o n s i d e r (v.t.); think [ilanasr ninal (jDensaas, ^anssr^g;); iof(SSST<oCS)i ennu
(ffTfasaitoOor, STSOTTGlSlrf?)

c o n d u c t (n.); behavior IBl^es)^ nadatthai, [Sleuts^sanx c o n f e r (v.i.) nadavadikkai

c o n t e s t (n.); competition c o n t i n e n t (n.) c o n t i n u a l (adj.) QsSfTl-.p'S=fflUJITeU

thodarcchlydna

c o n g r a t u l a t e (v.L) kalanthu pesu . (- Gu0, - GuS\) c o n f e r e n c e (n.) seo^^mhs^ kalanthayvu

unrjiriLQi pSrsm
juiriTiri'I , u n j r / r t l i f ) ; eurrijp^fftl valtthu

consider (v.); think 35^ karuthu

30

31

continuation (n.) Q^au-P'g:^

Q^fTi-ff thodar

cooking (n.)
S^emLDlueo samaiyal

copper (made of) (adj.)

QsFULj seppu

thodarcchi

cost (n.), price GiSlsmsD vilai cot (n.) llt^(sb

U(^a kattil

continue (v.); pursue -

cool (temp.) (adj.) -

copy (in writing) (v.t.) pdrtthu eluthu

@srflir(/5^)
coolness (n.) (gsrSjrCSJDLD)

kulirintha)

cotton (wool) (n.) paHju

contract (n.); agreement (^UU^siLD oppantham

kulir(mai)

(-CTcjp^,- 6I(y)^) copy (n.), duplicate /jiSisb nagal

control (v.t.); contain adakku

cool veater (n.) pacchai-t-thannir

couch (n.) a^rTUjinn'ssnh sayamanam

cool down (v.); calm down control (n.) ^^SfTrrLD dthikaram

vasathi

comer (n.); angle ftpssisu mulai,

QsnreniTLD konam

cough (v.i.) -

am ( ^ p , ^ j S )
coolie (daily wage) (n.) ifc.siS) k u l i

l(!S(iP
(g)(5">. g)!^) cough (n.) ^(TgLDSU irumal

convenience (n.)", comfort

eU3=^

corporation (n.); association; political party *

tSSLp^LD kalagam

coolie (worker) (n.) ai^eStiunea

Sk.^.3=GlffUJ

convenient; comfortable eVtS^iLirresT vasathiyana

kuiiyal
kudicchey

correct (adj.); fme; yes fflfl sari,

could (aux. v.) (LpUf.iLlLh mudiyum

co-operate (v.i.)

conveniently (adv.) i^ff^iunsi vasathiyaga

3=rfliufrs>sr

sariyana

couldn't (aux. v.) (Lplsf.UJrT^ mudiySthu

correct ( v . t ) co-operative (adj.) snaLL^aan kattana

convention (n.); meeting avLLt_Lo kuttam cook (a meal) (v.t.) ffmiD sainai
(ffsaiU)ia5, x T s n u i ^ ^ )

iFlfliurrsfg

sariyakku

count ( v . t ) ; t h i n k 6Tiss5r@!/ ennu

(ffTSOTrew, ffTcwrcirafl)

co-operatively (adv.)
9ijL.l!TSi kuttaga

(-?(,, - ^ S ) correct (v.t.) -

^(!5^1
^qg^^LD

thirutthu

country; inhabited land IBrrQl

Q^ffLD nadu, dhesam

be cooked (y.i.) cook (n.) samaiyalkdrar

co-operation (n.) asul(5)peiy kamravu co-operatively (adv.) iXl(J)ff3QJ/r6S kutturavaga

correction (n.)
thiruttham

correct (adj.) ^Q^^^LDfTssr thiruuhamana

couple (n.); pair

G^mq. jodi

copper (n.); water pot Qs^LDi-l sembu

correctly (adv.) ^Q^^^lMirm thirutthamaga

courage (n.) em^lfiujLD dhairiyam

32

33

courageous (adj) m^MiULDftesr dhairiyainana

crazy (adj.); foolish

paitthiyamana

criticize (v.t.)
(gippLb sarrsisr kurram kan ( - (7-6Mr, OSILDPI^ asm&y, vimarshi

cruelly (adv.) kodumaiyaga

courageously (adv.) an^ifliULDrTiS ^^LDSupLD dhairiyamaga nithimanram

create (v.t.); effectakku s^einTL^rTSifQ undakku

court (of law) ( n . ) cover (n.) gpt^ mudi

cover (v.t.); closeg p ( 5 ) mudu {(tpu, ftoif) be covered (v.i.); closed QpiSj-uSlq^ mudiyiru (-g)C!5. -^KSmi) cow (n.) ( J * pasu coward (n.) GxrTsmLp kolai, uiuaJSiTe/H
QsnTanLpiutTssr

(-=?i, -^S*) create (v.t.) a-essrCpiueisresmi

undupannu

(oStog-^ffiffl, O S L D ^ S ) ^ ^ ) critic (n.) aSli)/r<?ffiSsr vimarshagan critical review (n.) aSliop'S^esTLh vimarshanam

cruelty (n.) G\si!rQ\e>!)LD crush (v.t.) -

kodumai

(o);5/rffy<s5@ nomkku ()^/7gy<s, GjisngumS));

fSariX(g nasukku

crop(s) (n.) uuSiJ- payir crore (ten million) G^fTU}, iSi_ kodi

be crushed (v.i.) QrBn^iingi norungu

(QfiiTDimia, QisrrnjjiijSl)

creature (n.) uyiri(nam}

cross (over) (v.t.) kada

get crushed (v.i.) rBaraj(^ nasuhgu cry (v.i.) ^(Lp alu i^ip, ^dp^)

crime (n.); f a u l t @j)/r)Lb

kurram

(<3;/_ffi, L _ ^ ^ ) ; (gffUisOffi (Burr

kurukke po Quniij} (- QUITS;,

criminal (n.) @p/DSU/TS kurravali kiirramulla

payangdli
kolaiySna,

cowardly (adj.) ^fffQpefTen acchamulla

criminal (adj.) (gippOpeiiTerT

crossing (n.); junction

s^^^LJLj santhippu kagam, kakkai

crying (n.) ^(Lfiems cuckoo (n.) (g,tiSiec kuyil culture (n.) aeonffmrjLD

alugai

crisis (n.) QrBd^s&LS^ nerukkadi

crow (n.) srraih arraema

crash down and smash (v.i.) vilunthu (- Qtsni^ma, norungu Gl^irgniiiS)

kalaccharam,

critical time (n.); emergency nerukkadi nilai

crowd (n.) <SfcllL_ii kUttam

craziness (n.); foolishness anu^^iULD paitthiyam

critical (adj.) nerukkadiydna

cruel (adj.) Q:XrT(^e<nLDiuiTesT kodumaiyana

uemurrQl panbadu cultured person (n.) usmurretrp' panbalar curds (n.) ^ilSiir thayir

34

35

c u r e (v.L) gunappadutthu (ffjeswu^rtafffi ( - ^ , -^ffig)) c u s t o m (n.); h a b i t gunamSkku

be d a m a g e d ( v . i . ) , s p o i l e d QaQt Q6!(51 FFlTLDlTesr FFfTLD =^(5) iram Sdti ( ^ L . , ^uj.) attam nadanamddu kedu {Qsi-, QxiL) Qs&0gi) d a m a g e (v.t.); s p o i l fed(5)Sl, iramana d a m p (adj.), w e t d a m p n e s s (n.), wetness dance (v.i.); m o v e d a n c e (n.) ^ L L L L D d a n c e (v.) dhinamum dhinasari rsLSSTLDirQl

date (day) ( n . ) thethi d a u g h t e r (n,) iDerr -

d e a f (adj.) -

Qs^eSll^nesr
kdthu keldtha

seviddna,

magal

d a u g h t e r - i n - l a w (n.) LD(J^LDSWT iaym sSlu^ marumagal

d e a f p e r s o n (n.) (ol<yffl5)z_/r sevidar [ - i _ 6 i r ( m . ) , -Hi. ( f . ) ] , kdthu keldthavar [-susir ( m . ) , -eurfr ( f . ) ] d e a t h (n.) -

euLpAxib
valakkam

(uLpAsLD)
(palakkain)

( o f day) (v.i.) vidi (aS^iu, nStjjs^)

D
d a i l y (adj.) ^57 ^a!r(LpLD dhina d a i l y (adv.) ' d a i l y ' (newspaper) (n.) -

d a T O (n.) eSluj-iueo vidiyal

d a y b r e a k (n.), early m o r n i n g e^Uj-iuparremeii d a y ( o f the w e e k ) (n.) SiLpemLD kilamai d a y ( 2 4 hrs.) (n.) /STsfr nal day after t o m o r r o w nalanraikku /5/ren'S3r3i/j)(g vidiyarkdlai -

LarjemiS)
ff/rsy

maranam

d e a t h (n.); f u n e r a l sdvu vivdthain d e b a t e (n.) eSieiinaiLD d e b a t e (v.) eSlsun^ d e c i d e (v.) ^irUDfTesfl (^(TU)/TSDfl<s, thlrmdni ^^wrTesfl0i) tklrmanamdga thlrmdnam, vivathi

(-.'-. -^'4-')
d a n g e r ; c a l a m i t y ; accident ^ U 0 ^ d a n g e r (n.) ^urriULD abayam abatthu

^ms=fil
d a m (n.) -

\^S3)S3!ir(ffia5Ll(5l) anai(-k-kattu) d a m (v.t.) ^ s m s K s r aiLQi (- <SL-I_, - dSL.^.) Q<S(5)^sl) l i a r i i d i i l (adj.) Qa(^^etin'ew h a n n f u l l y (adv.) keduthalana keduthalaga anai kattu

d a n g e r o u s (adj.) abayagaramana d a r k (adj.) ^qgemi ^(TJlllffssr d a r k n e s s (n.) ^(TJOT sq^emLD irul, karumai irunda, iruttana

day before yesterday (Lpp^rrrsrrefr (on) t h a t d a y ^eir^ anru, ^eiranps(g d e a d (adj.) Qa=^Si settha anraikku munthandl

damage (n.); i n j u r y keduthal

d e c i d e d l y (adv.) ^P'LDfTesTLCifTS ^prLDiresTLD ^ifuq illatha g/>t4-Sy decision (in law); j u d g m e n t thlrppu, mUdivu

QsQi^eona

lifeless (adj.) -

a_u5)p"

^ d ) G O / r ^ uyir

36

37

decisive (adj.) thirmanamana, QpLq-euireu declare (v.) -

scarcity (n.); shortage

degree (n.), diploma, honor

be deluded (v.i.) LDUJlij(g demand mayangii (v.t.) (GffiL., SsC.&)

LipprTS(Qas)ip
mudivdm deficient (adj.) ^anpeiinasr insufficiency (n.) -

parrdkkurai

uClLO
Qi^iLKSULa

pattam
dheyvam

deity (n.), G o d kuraivdna C s f r kel thdmatham thamathamana (adv.) thdmathamaga sey Qs^iugi) thdmathi

delay (n.) ffitTLD^LD d e l a y e d (adj.) ^ma^LDfTesr delayingly

^^<sS}
deep (adj.) ^LpLorrssr

arivi
alamdna -

(^anrps^ffeo
insufficient (adj.)

kuraicchal
-

denial (n.); p r o t e s t LOffjyuL/ maruppu -

denote (v.t.); m a r k

@n5) kuri
denounce (v.L) (^ppLD'fmLQi (-a^m'.t ., - y m ' iq); -

(si&^gi)

p r o f o u n d (adj.) ^ip^es

kuraicchaldna, (gsmpfigj kuraintha -

^nLD^Lonsi delay (v.L) thdmatham (- Qa^iiiiu, ^mJD^

dlntha

kurram-sdttu

the ' d e e p ' (sea, o c e a n ) ^IpLD deer (n.) LDrrek man dlam

insufficiently (adv.)

(QppLDSfTeiw (-(rsMr, -iSn-)

kurram-kdn

kuraicchaldga d e f i n i t e (adj.)

delay (v.); tarry

d e n y ( v . t ) , disagree w i t h LOffy maru (u)nj/,

defeat (n.) -

^L-i_61/LL.li(-c^lSw)
thittavattam(dna), xsssrujjjun'sisr aiLirriULDrresr definitely (adv.) sessruf-uurrs; kandippaga, kappdrru amJuiTpiSiy, kaval sey kattayam(aga) definiteness (n.); certainty aiLL^rriULD kattdyam kandippdna, kattSyamana

uigij^gi)

Q^aeoeSl tholvi
defeat ( i ncompetition) (v.t.) G^fTip^iLq. ( S ^ i r p a s i f ffi, defend (v.t.) mrruufrn)^ (siTUUirprp, suTQjeo (- G}ffiuiu, QiFtu thorkadi CS0iTpaui.0gi)

d e p a r t (v.i.) delegate (n.) LSIrr^fff^ delegation ^im(g(Lp (n.) dhuthukkulu pirathinithi LjipLILlQl purappadu

(L/ptJuL, L/puutlg)); Gurr po ((Surrs, Gurtdj)

department ^einp

(n.); s e c t o r thurai

delight (lu); happiness ^skutM inbam -

depend o n (v.) S'trp' sar {mir, a^nd^gi) -

delusion; confusion; fainting UXUffiStb mayakkam

d e p e n d e n t (adj.) arrpi^s^ sdmtha

Qffdi^)

delude (v.t); charm Li)UJS(g mayakku

deficit (n.) ^anrp{sif) kurai(vu)

d e g r e e (stage, level) (n.) Ut4padi

d e p e n d e n t (n.) s^n^^^euesT sdmthavan

38

39

deplore (v.t.) varuttham therivi (- ffl^Maa, - Q^iHsSI^) deposit (n.); advance QpasTuemLD depth (n.) c^Lpii Slam mun-panam

design (n.); plan @LLL_UD thittam design (v.t.); plan ^L-ILB thittamidu (-g)t_, - g ) L . 0 ) desire (n.); eagerness ^fflnff asai,

destroy (v.t.) ^if all {^iflas, be destroyed (v.i.) all i^ifltu, destruction (n.) ^ifleij aSsujTU) s^giJ^ ipu(St aljvu vivaram uruthi erpadu

die (v.i.) ^ifl0Si) ^if^gi) die(v.)Qff^^ Qurr setthu po ira (g)!Dffi, g ) p 0 ^ ) die (w/ ref. to animals) (v.i.) -

detaU(s) (n.); amplificationd e t e r m i n a t i o n (n.); firmness develop (v.i.); evolve -

(- GuiTs, - Gurriii)

eSl(r^uULD viruppam descend from (v.i.); get down - desirable (adj.) ^(pai(S irangu ^es)ffiunstsr asaiyana, (g)fD(5/ffi, gjjDiugl) eSlq^LJULarresc viruppamana descend (v.i.); become humble passionately (adv.) ^fryi thai (^(Ttp, fiiTjf^) ^ms^iutra asaiyaga descent (n.) desire (aux. v.); want; need ^psxiJD irakkam (Seuemt^Lb vendum describe (v.t.) don't desire, don't need GeuessTL^fTLD vendam desired (thing) (n.) eS](t^LDi3uj {Qurrq^efr) virumbiya (porul), vendiya( thu) desist (v.i.); cease siS)(5) vidu (aS)i_, OSLSI) desk (small); t a b l e mesai (mejai)

differ (v.i.); be differentGeiJgUuQi verupadu difference (n.) GajgyL//r(5) difference (n.) (Scupffj/fflnLD different (adj.) verupadu verrumai -

aSsu/fl vivarl
(eSlojiflma, ^aifH^gi)

develop (v.t.) erpuQl^g] erpadutthu (.^puSi0fi, ?r|pu^@) development (production) aupu^^ urpatthi d e v e l o p m e n t (growth) (n.) evLpprff^ valarcchi device (implement, instrument) S(QeSi karuvi device (trick, strategem) tt/a;^ yukthi d e w (n.); fog; mist Ussfl pani d i c t i o n a r y (n.) ^sp'fT^ agaradhi

G s w y veru differentiate (v.) verupadutthu (-u0^s, - u ^ ) difficult (adj.) aUf-esTLDiresr kadinamana, xet^l^LDlTesr SLSf-esriJa sei^Lia dig (v.t.) G^fTeisrQt kashtamdna kadinam, kashtam thondu difficulty (n.); trouble -

description (n.) eSleuflLD vivaram informative (adj.) eSleuiXLDrTeisr vivaramana informatively (adv.) eSieiirjLDrTS desert (n.) vivaramaga

un'!nsu(sus3TU))
palai(vanam}

(G^/rsrari_, G^nessru).)

40

41

dinner (party) e&q^^^ virunthu direct (v.t); manage rBl^! nadatthu direct (adj.) Qlsi^lU neriya directly (adv.) direction (compass) (n.) ^ < 5 @ dhikku, ^es)s: thisai dirt (n.) ^a^^LD asuttham dirfy (adj.) ^a^^LDiresr asutthamana dirt; dirty laundry alukku dirty (adj.) ^(tpssffsw alukkana disappear (v.i.); be hidden LDsmp marai make disappear (v.t); hide Loemp marai
(wempss, iiiBnip^gi)

disappoint (v.t.) sjLD/r/Dnj;

(,^LD/Tipp,

STLDirprgl)

Smdrru

dispute (v.i.) eSleurr^ vivdthi distance (n.) ^p'LD dhuram, Q^rTsmeoeij ^[TLDfTssr tholaivu dhuramana, tholaivana distant (adj.); f a r Q^fTsnewsufrsw distribution (n.) pagirntiialitthal, uiijS(St pangidu district (n.) LDrrajC-lLD mavattam disturb (incovenience) (v.t.) SU65(S5 kalakku
(ffiSOffiffi, 6 U S )

dive (v.i.), submerge; drown mulgu {fifiifis, (tpifiSi) dive (n.); emersion (Lp(LpS(^ mulukku divide (v.t.); separateiSlfl piri (5)rfiffi, iS/i)^^) be separated (v.i.); departLS/A piri {iSifluj, iSli^pgi)

disappointment (n.) (^LDfTppLh emarram disappointing (adj.) ^LDfTppLDfTew ^LdfrppLDrrs semQilSlUf. emarramana emdrramaga kandupidi disappointingly (adv.) discover (v.t.); i n v e n t -

GfsGp'

nere

division (n.) iSlfleij pirivu divide (v.t.); classify iSK@ vagu (sucgaa, ffu^^) division (n.); class eu^uLj vaguppu division (n.); p o r t i o n eumsi vagai divine (holy); ' M r . ' ^ ( 5 thiru do (v.t.) Qa^iu sey (Q*iuiu, Q^iugi) do (v.t.); make U S W ^ U pannu
(usrarswr, uasreanfl)

discovery (a.); invention XSSSrQlLSIuj.LJLI

kandupidippu (5/5/nu noy dismiss (v.t.) -

disease (n.); illness -

/f<S@ nlkku (jfAs,/?) dismiss f r o m service (v.) velaiyilirunthu

(- /^, ^ai^)

nlkku

disturbance (inconvenience) Q^rr/B^jTisy thontharavu disturbance (psychol.) asuffiiBtb kalakkam disturbed (adj.); confusedSGtiadlMrrasT kalakkamSna anxiously (adv.) sieoaiawaa kalakkamaga be disturbed (v.i.); be stirred 6 5 S U ( S J @ kalahgu

disposition (n.); nature ^Ujpes)S iyarkai, Lassrs'mp'Ll manaccharbu dispute (n.); debate sSleurreiLD vivdtliam

disappearance (n.) LDonpeij maraivu

doctor (med.) (n.) LDQ^^^exjp' marutthuvar docimient (n.) u^^rrih patthiram dog (n.) -

rsmu nay
43

42

doU (n.) Qumhes)LD bommai kaluthai

drama (n.), play Ism^SLD nadagam

dry (by wiping) (v.t.) g]sS)Lthudal

(^ini_,

eagerness (n.) ^sjiic asai

donkey (n.) S(Lges)^

door (n.) a^eij kathavu

dream (n.) acsrsy kanavu d r i n k (v.t.) g5t^ kudi ((5^.ffi, gii;.^^)

duck (n.) -

eagerly (adv.) ^es]ffiun:s; asaiyaga

vatthu

<^a^l

during, while neratthinidaiye, aga, rseiniQu^LDQufTQ^^ nadaiperumpoluthu

doorway; entrance; gateway eunsfeo vasal

drive (a vehicle) (v.t.) Qff&il0^ seliitthu

ear (n.) arrgil kathu earring (n.) exianefTiULD Sin^emfl asiiLDSU valaiyam

dot (n.); spot; p o i n t doubt (n.) ffijGssffili santhegam

ear ornament (n.) kathani kammal,

drive (vehicle, boat, animals) 911(51 OttU ( 9 L . 1 _ , glltlf.) .

driver (of a vehicle) (n.) gL.(5)swp- ottunar

dust (n.) ^ffl thusi uu^^ thusi padintha

ear stud (n.) G^n-(51 thodu

doubt (v.i.) santhegappadu

(-L/i_,

drop (n.); particle QfffTL-Qi sottu

dusty (adj.) duty (n.); obligation kadamai

early (before time) (adv.) (tpewssTas/TcSsGsi/

munnathagave,

-utLQi) santhegi

drown, die by drowning

mulgu

doubt (v.t.) -

^aSltXinns

slkkiramaga

(aDy>. aotfiS)); SPyj mulgu ira ( doubtful (adj.) ffjsG^tSLO/Tsar santhSgamana dry (v.i.); wither; become hot doubtfully (adv.) ff^Q^enLDn'S santhegamaga SfTtu kay {^aniu, arnu^gi) kayavai

ff^Q^Sl

early (beginning time) (adv.) dramba-kalathiya ovvoru ovvoruvar

E each (adj.) ^
e^ajQeiHT(i^ s^suQeun^f^eui!

one by one (persons) (pron.) one by one (things) (adv.) ovvonrdga

early (adv.) Grs[r^G^fT(S\

(Lp^^iu munthiya,

d r y (v.t.) aintuesvsu

dove (n.), pigeon qjDfr pura

d r y (adj.), dried SfTiii^^ kayntha, iramillatha 0[nBisoeoiT^

athi-kalaiyil (in early mom) earn (v.t.) -

drag (v.t.); p u l l g)(y) ilu (g)(ai, ^(<0m)

eager (adj.)
^eineFiUITesr dsaiydna

fflhun^

sambathi

44

45

earnings (n.) sambatthiyam, ffLDUevih sambalatn

eat (snack) (v.); & of animals ^ S 3 T thin (gJOTsar, ^sirgij) eat (v.); drinkS-SSSr un
^SySsmmxei!

efDciently (adv.); neatly ^paniDtunai (Lfiiurrp^

3i<scULa[TeT

eightieth (n. or adj.) enbathavathu, wremu^nin enbatham

thiramaiyaga muyarchi sulabamana sulabamaga muttai

(a_inrsirar,

!i.^(i)
sikkanamana

effort (n.); perseverence -effortless (adj.) effortlessly (adv.) 3MULDfT<X (LpiLanLs^^i^dSfTiij STL.(5l ettu

economic (thrifty or brief) man,

(adj.)

earth (soil) (n.) LDsm lilsOLD nilam (ground) earth (planet) (n.) yii) bumi,

either (conj.) ex^rraj^

ethavathu

economically (thriftily, briefly)

^iSiSGsrLDn'iS

sikkanamaga

economize (v.) sikkanappadutthu

'either of them' ^si/0-<ssBsu lurrirrTeu^

avargalil yaravathu

egg (chicken's) (n.) economy (thrift or brevity) ^saasTLB sikkanam edge (n.); s i d e e^CTLD
Oram

'Either he or I will go." iBnQswn (SunQeiimh.

avard allathu nana povom.

a_si)i5Lb ulagam ease (n.); easiness *2UUti sulabam

eggplant (brinjal) (n.) katthirikkay

easy (adj.); easierSriSiiULDnem sulabamana

eight (n. or adj.) eighth (n. or adj.) '^iLirreugj ettavathu, S T L L I Z T L O ettam (adj. only)

eldest (son, daughter) (adj.) ^^^5 mUttha

easily (adv.) ffrSVULDfT^S sulobamSga

editor (n.); author; teacherasiriyar

elect (v.L); select; choose (3^(7750^5(51 thernthedu

(-6T(i)ffi, -eT(Sl0gl)

east(n.), the eastSlLpa(g kilakku

educate (v.t.) aeoeSliusfh kalviyali

eighteen (n. or adj.) L/^QiSiI7il(5) pathinem

eastern (adj.) gy) kil,

kilakku samtha

election (n.) Q^Cr^eo therthal electricity (n.) LSlasris^nrTLD) min(saram)

education; learning; study asoeSl kalvi

akku (,^, ^)

eighteenth (n. or adj.)

QasTLLi^tTeij0 pathinettavathu,

elephant (n.)
lUITisnesr yanai

effect (v.t.); make; create effect (n.); produce; gain ueuesT palan

to/in the east S)g)(5<B kilakke eat (have a meal) (v.) ffrruiSiQi sSppidu

eleven pathinonrii (n.),

efficient (adj.) ^fpeminiqefrefT thiramaiyulla

pathinettam (adj. only) eighty (n. or adj.)

sremu^ enbathu

pathindr(u)

(adj.)

46

47

eleventh ( n . o r adj.) pathinoravathu, pathinoram (adj. o n l y ) else (different) (adj.) QstJ(t^ veru elsewhere (adv.) veru engenum e m b a r r a s s i n g (adj.); troublesome ffliiaiLDrfenT sahgadamana e m b a r r a s s m e n t ( n . ) ; trouble ffsilSL^LD sahgadam ^(Lg^gl) ' emerge ( v . i . ) ; get u p ; a w a k e <oT(L^ elu (ertp, ^euffp'LO

emptiness (n.); b l a n k Qsi/gyssiLD verumai e m p t y ( a d j . ) ; mere QeuguanLDiurresr verumaiyana, Q s L w y i i i verum e n d ( n . ) ; last; final iBSJf)L-ffl. kadaisi e n d (come to an end) ( v . i . ) (J-pis^ mudi end (n.); d e c i s i o n Qpis^Sij mudivu e n d u r e ( v . i . ) ; sustain fini5](Q thangu endure (v.t.); wait QufTgi] poru e n e m y (n.) S T ^ / f l ethiri, io7^ir/rs>S ethirali energy (n.); power shakthi enforce (v.t) kattayappadutthu

e n g i n e (n.) lU^^rriM e n j o y (v.t.) [T^ rasi (jjSsa, yanthiram

make enter (v.L); poke ^eiriLp nulai (giesiLpss, e n t e r (v.) 4 P^S^ i-im) e n t e r (a v e h i c l e ) ( v . ) ; ascend -

n^^gi);

(inborn) anubavi e n j o y m e n t (n.) ^ C T j / u s i / i i ) anubavam, ff^G^rreifLO santhosham e n j o y a b l e (adj.) santhdshamana e n m i t y (n.) uems pagai, sSiQrXT^LD virdtham e n o u g h ; sufficiency (n.) Qurr^ia pothum,

SJgU eru (5m), ^rji))

e n t h u s i a s m (n.)

,^j^ffLlLD arvam,
S-pmsih urchagam akila, entire (adj.); w h o l e ( i p ( y ) mulu, ^Sieo

(Lp(LglLDITSST
muluthumana entrance; doorway, gateway si;/r<ysu vasal e n v i r o n m e n t (n.) ( ^ s j n t p sulai e n v y (n.); j e a l o u s y QunipnmLD poramai e q u a l i t y ( n . ) ; evenness s^LDLD samam e q u a l (adj.) 5=LD sama, ffLDLdirasT 3=LDLDrTai samamana samamaga e q u a l l y (adv.)

emergency ( n . ) ; h u r r y , haste avasaram e m o t i o n (n.) manavelucchi, manakkilarcchi e m p l o y (v.) GexianeouSlec ^LD^0^ velaiyil amartthu (- ^usi^, - ^m^)

poihumanathu e n o u g h (adj.); sufficient GufT^LDfTew pothumana n o t e n o u g h ; i n s u f f i c i e n c y (n.) GurrfilT} pothathu enter (v.) ^es)Lfi nalai

S-shQerT Gun ulle po

(-

QUITS,

- Qurtiii)

48

49

equalize ( v . t ) ; m a k e equal ffLDLDn'S(g samamdkku

establish ( v . t ) ; i n s t a l l -

evenness (n.); equality ffLULD samam sambavam, nigalcchi eppothum, enraikkum e v e n t (n.) s=LDUeuLD /^ffiipff^ e v e r (adv.) eruGun^LD loT&sTenipsiiQLCi

e v i d e n t (adj.) Q^e/Hexjrrmr e v i l (n.); h a r m ^ss)LD QsiQi^eO thlmai, keduthal thelivana

rsmL(S) nam

(jsm'.i_, rgrriljj).) equal (v.); resemble equal (adj.) 'S^UUrresT e^ULma oppana oppaga upakaranam equally (adv.) IM^ULSQ) mathippidu e q u i p m e n t (n.) &.usp-emLD eatreoLn kalam escape (n.) era (n.); season; t i m e (-i)'-. -g)il) e s t i m a t i o n (n.); value LD^uq LD^ULSQt mathippu, mathippidu establishment, organization ^emLDLJLj (X)@ mathi amaippu e s t i m a t e (v.t.) -

e v i l (adj..); h a r m f u l QesQl^eoiTSST keduthalana, ^lu thiya [before nouns] e v o l v e ( v . i . ) ; b e g i n t o exist <SXpu(S) erpadu e v o l v e (v.t.); create; cause

e v e r l a s t i n g (adj.) nirantharamana e v e r y (adj.) ^sijQeL/n'(f5 STSuGsufr(75ti) ovvoruvarum e v e r y t h i n g (pron.) sTsbsu/rii elldm, ovvonrum ^si/Qsiy/rssTgy/i ovvoru ellSrum,

G^rriT)gi]e& {Q^fTpiT^sSl&s^, e x a c t (adj.) ffl^iturresr) e x a c t l y (adv.) 3=iflujn'3; G^/JSI/

thormvi G^/r/f)gyo5}^^) sariiyana) sariydga

e v e n (equal) (adj.); s m o o t h thappitthal, ePLDLDrrsnT samamana e v e n (adv.); also -

e v e r y o n e (pron.) -

s^UiSl^sseo
ULl ^ULl {0UU, BULS
(^uiSss,

sgL_fib thappu odal thappu ^uiS); thappi

^IJLSI^);

s^ajQe)jrr(i^e)j(uy

escape (v.) -

a s u _ kii4a,
^asTrroilLD

-P I'n -urn
analum

e v e n t h o u g h (conj.)

e x a m i n a t i o n (educational) thervu e x a m i n e ( v . ) ; investigate

e v e n t h e n , nevertheless eTeJrprreoiLD enralum

thappi(tthu) odu (- g L , - g q . ) especial (adj.); i m p o r t a n t (LpsS}uJLDfTeu (LpeSliULDfTS especially (adv.), specially -

e v e n i n g ( 4 p . m . t i l l dark) muj!S]STTS0ls> sayahgalam

e v e r y w h e r e (adv.); wherever Tffi/(gib ehgum, eriilGxiLjli} engeyum, ^ISJStEjQa angange e v i d e n c e (n.) OTSSWU sanru,

^[rrnu srsy
(ufflGffrrgffiffi,

e x a m i n e ( m e d . lab.) (v.) UlflGfflT^ parisothi ui^Gffn^0gi) parisothagar

mukkiyamana e v e n i n g (general) s^fTiLl^^p'LD sayanthiram mukkiyamaga e v e n i n g ; garland, n e c k l a c e -

miL&\
51

e x a i n i n e r (n.) Uffi(3a^/T^/r

inrretneo
50

mdlai

e x a m i a a t i o n (med. lab.) (n.) uiWSffrr^aneisr fflp sira sirappu sirantha, sirappana sirappaga thavira athigam, parisothanai Slp^) excel ( v . ) ; be distinguished excellence (n.) Stn)Ui-f ^p^^ ^ptllUfTssr SlpiJurra ^eS\r! ^@U) LS^ mithi

e x c i t e m e n t (n.) S)efTpr3:^ kijarcchi excite (v.t.); motivate -

e x h i b i t ( i o n ) (n.) seisramL^ exist ( v . i . ) valnthiru kangatchi

e x p a n d ( v . i . ) ; open; e x t e n d aSli^ viri (a5)/fliu, Q5)*(5sy) expect ( v . t ) ; wait f o r ST^/TUnvr ethirpar

nem(Si thlindu
excitement (n.); motivation -

sil/ry)^@(25 (-g)C5ffi, s^em e x i t (n.) (veliyS pogum) e x p a n d (v.) Q5)/fla;/r<E(g (-^ffi, sSlftteuiresT aSliflojrrsi urfULj

excellent (adj.) -

^em(S>ss<so
excuse (n.) uyeiresfllJLi LDSsrssfl

thuiiduthal
mannippu

-^is^si);
undu (pred.)

e x p e n d i t u r e (n.), e x p e n s e selavu,

excellently (adv.) except; besides excess ( n , ) ; r e m a i n d e r -

excuse ( v . t . ) ; f o r g i v e manni -

vali virivakku

panacchelavu experience (n.); enjoyment anubavam e x p e r i e n c e d (adj.) anubavamulla e x p e r i e n c e ( v . i . ) ; feel uQi padu anubavi ^^ueSl^gi)

execute (carry out) (v.t.) Qffiueorrp^

execute ( k i l l ) (v.t.) Q/rsb

(QxrraJeo,

(-^pp, -^a.pjS')
kol

seyalanu -

-^aQ) virivana virivaga parappu

e x p a n s i v e (adj.) e x p a n s i v e l y (adv.) e x p a n d (v.t.); s p r e a d -

exchange (v.t.) pariindrikkol i-Q^nskerr, -Q/rsMT(5)); LOlTip^ inarm

QaitresTt^)

h a n g ( & thus e x e c u t e ) (v.t.) ^S.SisS\Qi ^s^GoGurrQl {-Gum-, exchange ( v . t ) ; serve ( f o o d ) ui^LDiTtrj parimaru (u/Sto/rj), uiHwaifi) exchange (n.) u/i?LDnp/DLb S\<StTQ} kilaru parimarram {ISimp, SimnSI) excite ( v . t . ) , p r o v o k e UuSlpSl e x h i b i t (v.L) ainsisnSl satLQ\ (am',/ ., <g;m'77.) -GuiTtL(Si) payirchi kanbi thukkilidu thukkilpddu

^es)lueS} e x p a n s e (n.) Uljiji^ Qu(r^(g (cS^gyuaSaat, parappu perugu

exercise (n.); t r a i n i n g -

e x p e r i m e n t (n.) parisothanai e x p e r i m e n t (v.) -

expand (v.i.); multiply ( Q u o * , )u(gS)) expand (v.t); increaseQu(i}a(g perukku parisothanai seythu par (- unfiaa, - urrpr^gj)

{sifressriSlmsi, mn^iSt^^y,

52

53

expert (n.) ^Liem^^ojLD

expertise (n.) -

rilLjsm^ nipunar

express (fast) (adj.) quickly (adv.) -

^panLDiUiran' thiramaiyana extend (v.t.) ^il(jl nittu {$tLi-, ^Cisj.) ex-pertiy (adv.) extend (time) (v.i.); last^pas)UMJ[TS thiramaiySga $LS\. nidi (if^.dEffi,/fi^j.^^) explain (v.t.) -

expert (adj.) -

nipunatthuvam, ^pas)Ln thiramai

eSletniJisif viraivu, sSlemcreun'esr viraivdna

external (adj.); foreign Qoje/H veli

^ @ < 9 5

the external, outside (n.) extra, as much as possible extreme (adj.) eye (n.) athiga, LEleinstufTear migaiydna

Qexis/HiUfTesr veliydna, QevsfflULjp velippura

fact (n.) -

eSlwrreurra I eSlsjnp-aSliAi viraivaga I viraivil

factory (n.) faa(v.i.)Seu0^eo thdlirch&lai

nadanthakariyam, s_essres)LD unmai

^sygU thavaru thavaruthal

oSlsffffiQ vilakhi

explanation (n.) aSlsffasffizi vilakkam, eSlerra(3j6ieb vilakkuthal explode (v.) QexJLq. vedi

(G)5l6ir<s, 6i5?GrrS))

extension (of service, etc.) extend (v.t.); expand ^Uf-ULj n'ldippu Sl5)ffl viri (fS()f aSlffi^^) fl )ffi , siS)rf5 viri (eSliHiu, sSlifl^gi)

^ ^ < B athiga, LSleosi migai, miguntha Siem kan

failure (n.)

extend to (v.i.); expand-

eyebrow (n.) kan buritvam

mistake (n.), error assuffjy thavaru mistaken (adj.) mistakenly (adv.) faint (v.i.) ^euprrs mayangi vilu ^eurpaem

thavardna

explore (new territory) (v.t.) - extensive (adj.); expansive aSllftexirresr virivana uiuemLD Qfftu^ ^fl5) extensively; expansively payanam seythu ari explore (v.t); investigate express (one's feelings) Qexie/HsxmLQ] velilckam {-am' , -am" ii;.)
I

(- ^tiSlas, - ^fSlmi)

(3^i4.urTir thedipSr

extensiveness (n.); expansion oSfflo/ virivu extent (n.); expanse extent (n.); limit; amount; measiure cjysiTa/ alavu
uriULf parappu

oS/flsun"* virivdga

F face (n.); mouth (of river) facility (n.); convenience facile (adj.), easy
eus^^iu[rem eus'^iurrs sns^^ vasathi (LpaiM mugam

thavardga

(- oSyj, - eS](ig^si) fainting (n.); confusion LDluAaiLh mayakkam, mayahgiviluthal

LDUJISjSllSlSI(Lp^ed

with facility (adv.), easily vasthiydga

vasathiyana

fair (honest, etc.) (adj.) 55

GrspremLDiutresT nermaiyana

54

fairness (n.) GfSiranLD nermai fair (moderate) (adj.) fair (beautiful) (adj.) ^LpsrresT alagana faith; belief; confidence fSLDLSsans; nambikkai faithful (adj.)^iMiSaecia a_srrsyr nambikkai ulla, nambikkaiydna faithfiilly (adv.) nambikkaiyaga fall(v.i.)Q5!(y) vilu (a5)ip, eSI(i^gi) faBen (adj.) eSl(Lp^sS viluntha false (adj.) falsely (adv.) liar (n.) falsehood (n.) rsLodlsesisiLirrssr

deception (n.) false (adj.), deceptive -

QurreSl psli

farm (v.) Uiz5)/fl(51 payiridu farmer (n.) e)5}aja=nuS} vivasdyi farmhand (n.) usraranswiu/Tfifr pannaiydl farming (n.), agriculture GeuemrsiwsinLD velanmal, aSfaja^rriLiLb vivasdyam farther, beyond; moreover ^ULjtpLD appuram beyond (in space) ^ULjpiSs appuram,
(-g)L, -g)L.0)

grow fat (v.i.) QarrcLp kolu

s-ixfrp'frs sumardga

falsely (adv.), deceptively fame (n.) L-j'X^ pugal famous (adj.) q&(L^metT pugalulla, LfSipQupp pugalperra famously (adv.) LjSLpfTiS pugalaga family (n.) (^QlLDULD kudumbam fan (electric & hand) (n.) eSl^n^l visiri far (distance) (n.) glTCnJD dhuram far (adj.) ^pTLorresr dhuramSna so far (tUl now) ithu varai fare (n.); f e e (SSLLt-SssTLb kattanam farm (n.)
euemrr

QurreSiiunem poliyana GurreSliufTS poUySga

QuiTiuiunest poyyana

Qumuiurrs; poyySga QuaiLi poy

Qunihium poyym

uemes)em pannai

corpulence (n.) Q<ffi/7(i^(JL/ koluppu fate (n.) ffl5J^ vithi father (n.) ^UUlT appa, ^/Ssnss thanthai father-in-law (n.) LDiTLDSirrrp' mdmanSr fault (n.); crime (gp(OLb kurram fault (n.); mistake ^uunso appdl thavaru farthest (adj.) c5SS)l_^iun'Gsr kadaisiyana, fault (n.); blame; revenge UL^ pali LSS'SXJLD gJJflLCirTSST find fault (v.t.); blame migavum dhuramana Uifl pali (uyBffiffi, uL^$i) fastfear (n.) QeilSLOfTew vegamana (adj.), uiULO payam, ^s=ffLD accham slkkiramlsikkiramaga (adv.) fear (v.i.); be afraid fasten (v.t.); bind; build uiUuuQi payappadu LL(51 katta {aiLi-, sCuf.) (-ui_, -uu.(Jl); fat (adj.) anju sem^^ ganattha, Q&nqgs,^ koluttha

(^*, =s^(gS)

56

57

f e a r f u l (adj.)

feet ( p i . ) urr^isi<serr foot (sing.) UfTSSLD patham pathahgal

f e w (adj.) ^su sila

fifth

(n. o r adj.)

ainthdvathu, (adj. only)

utuiBjaiprmiTarr payangaramdna f e a r f u l l y (adv.) uiuaisirTLDrrei payangaramdga fearless (adj.) payamillatha,

g/H^/rsii^ ^^^fTLD fifty silaper ainthdm -

a f e w (persons) silar,

(n. or adj.)

f e m a l e (n.); w o m a n QL/CW pen -

fflsuGu/j"
a f e w (things) silaporulgal field

^LDU^ fiftieth

aimbathu (n. o r adj.) aimbatliavathu, aimbathdm (adj.)

UlULSeoeoats
^(^fffT^ fearlessly (adv.) ^l^ffrTLDeo -

f e m i n i n e (adj.) QusssremLDiufTesr penmaijana

^LOU^neu^ ^LDU^mh field) fight (esp. p a d d y vayal kodiya,

anj'atha

(n.); quarrel

f e m i n i n i t y (n.) QuessremLO penmai

a/iusb fierce

ffsmemL^ fight (V.)o^emsmL^uSIQ) ff(smes)L^ (- Qffiijiu, figvure s^(eiJLD

sandai sandaiyidu QsFUJ santiai sey

anjamal

(adj.)

fearlessness (n.) ^(^s=rranLD anjamai

f e m i n i n e g e n d e r (n.) -

QsnTLs^iu

Qusmurreo
fence (n.) QojeSi veil -

penbal

uiufaiscTLDiTesr
payangaramdna fiercely (adv.) - Qffiu^) uruvam, murtthi

feast (n.); f o o d f o r guests eSlq^^^ fee (n.); fare ffiLLsuKTLO feed (v.L) ali virunthu kattanam

f e r t i l e (adj.) enefT^LDfrear

uujmsirjLnnai
valarmana payangaramdga fierce n a t u r e (n.) uiuriiap'LD payangaram fifteen (n. o r adj.) -

(n.); f o r m

f e r t i l i t y (n.) euemb valam

gp!r^@
rUffULf f^emp

fiU(v.t.)nirappu nirai nirambu iglpiiiiSI) alukku

. s w a / ^ s r S unavu (- ^sSlsia, ^s^^gi)

festival (n.); celebration

feed (animals) (v.i.); s n a c k ^sar thin (glsSror, g d r n ] / ) -

sSliprr
^(aSlLprT

Vila

religious festival (n.) thiruvild

pathinainthu fifteenth (n. o r adj.) -

Q^cinp<s, / ^ c s i p ^ ^ ) fill (v.i.)

feel (v.i.); realize; recognize &.em^ unar (a.srarjr, s-essrffpgi)

f e v e r (n.) xaUJS'SFei) kaycchal, pathinainthavathu, pathinainthdm (adj. only)

r^rrthq (jgldwu, filth

feeling(s), sensation(s) s^emffffS) unarcchi

(n.); dirty laundry

juram

Q'oram)

^ ( t p ( g

58

59

dirtiness (n.) ^Si^^LD asutlham dirty (adj.) ^m-05LDrrew asutthamana, ^(tgaanesr alukkana dirtily (adv.) ^^^U)/r<S asutthamaga, ^(L^asfTS alukkSga final (n.); last; end <KanL_S kadaisi final (adj.) iSSsiLffliufrsisr kadaisiySna finally (adv.) sonL-ffliurra kadaisiydga, 3;i!)L_S)u5leo kadaisiyit . finance (n.); fund; treasurefS}^ nidhi find (v.t.); i n v e n t ssiwQiLSuf. kandupidi (-tili^-ffiffi, -lilif ^ ^ ) find (n.); invention kandupidippu find out (v.t.); see 3y[T<S^ kan (/Tsssr, 3iemr(^) fine (o.k.); yes; correctff/fi sari

fine (o.k.); correct (adj.) fffttiurTSST sariydna fine (detailed) (adj.); b e s t S3/5^ siranthu finger (n.); t o e sS\ueo viral finger (n.) ernsi a51fT<A> kai viral finish (v.i.); come to an end (Lfiis^ mudi ((Lpui.iu, (Lpuj-^gi) finish (v.t.); complete (tptif, mudi ((yii4.ffi, (ipu).^^) finished (adj.); completed (LpLSj-eurrsur mudivSna, (LfiU)^^ mudintha fire (n.) Qrs(f^uq neruppu, ^ ihi firewood (n.) Ei5)ff)(g viragu firm (adj.) S-iriJ^lurresr uruthiyana firmness; hardness; certainty S-gi]^ uruthi first (n.); beginning (i/)fl5sb muthal, (lfiS,<son(Mi muthalavathu first (adv.) (Lp^su/Tffi mutlialSga

first (adj.) (Lp^eOfTLD muthalam fish (n.) u?sJr m m fisherman (n.) iSmajp' minavar fishing-boat (n.) mm pldi padagu fishing-net (n.) LSOST LSILS^.

flatness (n.), smoothness SFLD^etTLD samathalam flavor (n.); t a s t e aKsneu suvai, (f^& rusi flaw (n.); l a c k flee (v.i.), run away -

^Ces)L-

thattai,

iSeir iSluj. U ( _ ( g

(S,SS)p{un(Si)

kurai(padu)

minpidi valai five (n. or adj.) gi/5as/ ainthu fix (arrange) (v.t.) ^pfLDtTstsfl thtrmdni
(g!7io/r6iifl,

evansD

fixed (adj.), arranged thirmanikka-p-perra fix (repair) (v.t.) U(y)j5/U/7/T paluthu-par flag (n.); v i n e -

^LDirasfl^)

(- uirfsx, - unu^^) Qsmsj- kodi

flat (adj.); smooth -r ^Ces)L-iurre!!T thattaiyana, 9^LO0GfrLnfT^ samathalamdna

(-Guira, -GuiTili) flesh (n.); m e a t ^iSDir# iraicchi float (v.i.) LEI^ mitha (iflas**, i&es^gi) float (v.t.) LB^A'X snev mithakka vai (- saisusffi, - Hnoj^g/) elation (n.), euphoria uSI^ULj mithappu flood ( n . ) QeueaefTLD vellam floor (n.) ^etnrt tharai, s^etrisi tlialam flour (n.) Lo/ray mavu flourish (v.i.) o5)srrjif@ vilangu (sSeniiia;, tSlmiiiSi)

(^Uf-uGufT odippo

60

61

flow

(v.i.); leak; d r i b b l e "LugU {^(Lpa, ^(Lffgl)

f o l l o w i n g (n.) LSlsweu(f^LD iSeirexid^Slp f o o l (n.) (y)(-Li_/Tsfr Lxtemi^iueir f o o l i s h (adj.) (ifiLLL^rreh^esruDrreisr muttalthanamdna, anu^^iuLDrreur paitthiyamana ('crazy') f o o l i s h l y (adv.) madatthanamaga foolishness (n.); s t u p i d i t y LDL^anLD LDL^^esmiM madamai, madatthanam mUttal, madaiyan pinvarum pinvarugira f o l l o w i n g (adj.) -

f o r c e (n.); strength usOii) balam balamana balamaga valimai valimaiyana valimaiyaga veli, f o r c e f u l (adj.); s t r o n g uevLDrreiST USOLD/TiSS eijeSlas)LD f o r c e f u l l y (adv.); s t r o n g l y f o r c e (n.), m i g h t , p o w e r f o r c e f u l (adj.), p o w e r f u l OJeSIanLDluiTesr OJQSSWLDIU/TIB f o r c e f u l l y (adv.), p o w e r f u l l y f o r e i g n (adj.) ^iueo ayal, QeueM ^^^UJluneir ^lUeOfBirQl QsiysS/5ff(51 f o r e i g n c o u n t r y (n.) ayal-nadu, veli-nMu

f o r e v e r (adv.) sTssrnj/Lb eruQuirgjiM toTuQufTQ^i^lh forget (v.t) LD/D mara wip^iunesT LDp^ inp^aaiaij^ forgive (v.t) iijsirssfl manni forgive (v.t) Loe5Tfflifl^a5;a5)(5) mannitthuvidu (-aSL_, -n5)L.S)) f o r g i v e n e s s (n.) LDsirssfluLf mannippu QufTgu poru Quni^^gi) f o r g i v e [mistake-tolerate] (^ippLD kurram anniyamana marathi marathikkarar (iMpas, wp^gi) ennim eppothum, eppoluthum a l w a y s (adv.); w h e n e v e r -

9(iP(S

flow (as o f water) (n.) fgL-/ ih ottam

let flow d o w n (v.t.) flower LDSU^ fluid (n.), b l o s s o m malar, y pu (n.) nirmam, thiravam

f o r g e t f u l (adj.) marathiyana f o r g e t f u l n e s s (n.) -

0p'LDLD ^[TSULb

fly (insect) (n.) FF I

f o r g e t f u l p e r s o n (n.)

fly (v.i.); m o v e s w i f t l y urr) uasfl para pani mudu pani (upas;, up^) fog (n.); m i s t ; d e w t h i c k f o g (n.) ( i p ( i l uasfl foggy (adj.) SP(i) mOdu uasfiiLiefrerr paniyuUa

anniyamdna

f o o t (n.); step; b o t t o m ; base cS^Uf. adi f o o t (n.) (ffi/Tsb) ^is}. (kal) adi, urr^lh S f r s b Ml f o r (conj.); since, b e c a u s e aga, i^jQesisisripiTtso enenral patham f o o t (n.); l e g ; quarter (1/4) -

f o r e i g n e r ( s ) (n.) -

^iueo!BrTiL(S)s;i;rrprpr
ayalnattukkarar, velirmttukkSrar f o r e i g n (adj.); external -

f o l l o w (v.t.) i5sar Q t F s b pin sel (- Qffsoeo, ~ (oi3=&srn)])', iSlet Q^rrupi pin thodar (- Q^(n_ij-, - ffl^iTMJ^^)

QojsrS

veli,

^^rilujLDlTGisr sfrQi kddu

(- Q u n j y A s , f o r k (n.) ffiQJ(i) kavadu

f o r e s t ( u n i n h a b i t e d l a n d ) (u.) -

62

63

form (n.); imageformer (adj.) (LpsJr

fourth (n. or adj.) -

s_((5SULb uruvam, (Lp^^^ murtthi (Lp^^lU inun,

munthiya formerly; in front of (Lpasr mun,

fourteen (n. or adj.) U^n5fTsr@ pathinangu fourteenth (n. or adj.) pathirmngdvathu,

fgrrcirasfTaj^ nSngavathu, rsirdsTsmli nangam (adj.)

fresh (adj.), new Friday; Venus (planet) QeusfrsyS velli Friday (n.) QajefrefHaSlLpeiMis
vellikkilamai
Gssnrifi

Lf^iu purhlya, LDtiiarf^ mangdtha

frightful (adj.) uiuiiiaijwneisr frightfully (adv.) be frightened (v.i.) ^QiS,S\ payahgaramdga payahgaramana

UlUlilSilTLDITS

forty (n. or adj.) rSfrpugl rmrpathu fortieth (n. or adj.)

rsrripu^fTeiJ^

(LpesTLj munbu, (LpanQesT munne, (LpesrssTfTSO murmal, (LpemssrnQeo munnale

(adj. only) free (independent) (adj.) pathinangSm

freely (independently) (adv.) freedom (independence) (n.) free (of cost) (adj.) ^ei)aja={L>rresr) ^evojffLDfT'X K^^^pTlh suthanthiram suthanthiramaga

suthanthiramana

friend (f.) ^GrsSl^

friend (m.) S)QrsSl^eir

tholi

sinegithi,

0(Sig)i_, @ig)il0) frog (n.) ^ajsnsrr thavalai from (prep.) front (n.) (LpemLjpLD (LpasiuaiSiUi -^(^1 -idatthirunthu, -idatthilinmthu -inmthu,

thidukkidu

narpathavathu, narpatlmm

(adj. only) freedom (from cost) (n.) forward (adj.) ^SDSi/ffii ilavasam (LpanQeu munne, freedom (liberation) (n.) eSiQt^emso viduthalai (LpasjQssmsSliu fresh (adj.); green; cool munnokkiya Lls=e!!)F pacchai forward (adv.) QposiQesmsiSl munndkki fom: (n. or adj.) 64 (Bireir^g nangu

fSfTpu^fTLD

freely (without cost) (adv.) -

ilavasa(jnuna)

friendship (n.) ^GfBSLD

sinegithan, G^lTLpeir tholan, rgsssruesr nanban, Qpg^eir nesan G^rrLpemLD rSL-L-l natpu, UUJLD
sinegam,

ilavasamdga

thdlamai,

front end (n.)

( ) 3u < L yS r B Q

munpuram, munpakkam munpakkam

fright (n.), terrorpayam,

Grsd'LD nesam
uaJISJsrrLD

frown (v.i.); wrinWe (T5/i/@ surungu (ffiOiaa, ^(gis/S) fruit (ripe) (n.) fuel (n.) 65
ULfiLD palam eTl?lQurT(erT

frighten (v.t.), terrify utU(LpgU^^

payahgaram payamurutthu

erlporul

fulfilment (n.) fuU(adjOf^<oS)n)^S5

ilas)peij niraivu niraintha

gain (n.); p r o f i t gain a profit (v.); profit

eorrULD Qugu Idbam (- Qufo, - Qupn^i) eviTUlM labam pent

gather (v.t.); collect Oo-Ci-, @nli4.) gecko (wall lizard) (n.) gem (n.) ueceSl palli Cr^^eSTLD [j^^emsseo ratthinam, raithina-k-kal ^!jC thirattu

get on (to a bus, etc.) (v.i.) get u p (v.i.); awake eT(Lp eht {sTLp,

^ g j j eru (^rp, ?7j5))

be fuU (v.i.) -

get u p (from resting) (v.i.) (-g)@, -g)(!5!5S/) make get u p (v.t.) ~

eT(LpULj eluppu (s7(y)UU, eiQ^uiS) QrsuJ ney ST(y);5@(5 elunlhiru

^(ig^Sl)

fun (n.); g a m e fflsyis:^ ffireif

(ilanp nirai

function (n.); performance funeral; death [Spk. Tam.] furious (adj.), fierce further (distance) (adv.) further (moreover) (adv.) furthermore (adv.) future (n.) ST^j'ffi/rsuiii future (adj.) QlSieoiLD melum sdvu nigalcchi

eSlmeaiuniLQt vilaiyattu

gain (v.L); profit; get Qugj pent (Glup, Qupgu) g a m e (n.); fun garden (n.) (S^ff"lli_U) thottam gardener (n.) thottakkaran LD[Tas)&> malai

eSlemerriumLQ)

vilaiyattu

general (adj.); usual Qun^'sijrTesT pothuvana generation (n.); tradition gentle (adj.)
QiD^euiTssr urfLDUemp' parambarai methuvana

ghee (clarified butter) gift(n.),^GBTUSIS)L;L/ anbalippu, Q/TisinL_ kodai, Ulfis? parisu ^(^^ inji

Qmms^uj kodiya

garland (n.); evening (p.m.) flower garland (n.) y LDrrsmev pu malai

get (v.); receive -

athiga dhuratthiluUa ^sirOTy/i innum

get (v.t.); obtain ^emi-^ adai podu surr^fg vahgu

QugU peru

(Qup, Qu/pgy)

ginger (n.) -

garland (s.o., sth.) (v.t.) gas (air, steam, etc.) OjfTlLj LDiremsv GunQi malai (- C u -_ - Gu/TL.) ni ,

girl (n.); woman give (v.t.); give away -

get (v.t); buy; r e c e i v e (euaiiia, ajmiiSl] get do>vn (v.i.); descend bring down (v.t.) (@(D, g)pffi) 67
irakku ^ f f 3 E / @ irangu (g)53E;, ^piiiSi)

Quern pen, QueisnS\ehes)efT Qsn

kodu

penpillai

ethirkalam

futurity (n.); opposite-

sr^^srreo ethirkala

gate(n.)ajiTS^sc

^eSl

vdyu, avi

give (v.t.) -

ethir, ffr^Grr ethire

66

eurruSleo sssei/

vasal,

give (v.t.); offer; r e n d e r cS/sifl ali (^siSffi65,

^fT tha (asiJ.^iSS/)

vayil

kathavu

^sS^gj)

glass (n.); eyeglasses; m i r r o r sememrn^ kannSdi glass (tumbler) (n.) i_tbs)T/j' tamlar glow (v.i.); burn; be angry sr/S eri (si/fliu, m/ii^i) go (v.i.) Qun pd (GurTm,Guiriu) go (v.i.); f o l l o w Qffeo sel (QUEu, Qffeirgii) goal (aim) (n.) (seyaljndkkam goat (n.) ^ Sdu, QsuerrefTa(S> velladu God (n.) c^swL-QJ/r andavar, ^ e n p e u s J r imivan going (n.); practice; habit Gurrs(^ pokku gold (n.) QufTek pon, ^ISJSLD tlmngam good (adj.) /jsbsu nalla

a good thing (n.) / g s b s u ^ nallathu nicely (adv.); well /5sa7(g nangu, fSasTpirai nanraga good m a n (n.) /gsbsusi/sJT nallavan goodness (n.) flSsirsnLD nanmai goodbye; greetings ffiUSsWcScffiLb vanakkam goodbye ("I'll go & come.") -

ffiLsi^srr kadavul,

'Pay varugiren.' ("We'll go and come.") Gurnu eiJ(SGprTLD. 'Poyvarugirom.' ("Go and come.") Gurnu eurT(ii]3ie}r. 'Pay varungal.' goods (n.); possession(s) ffrrmrreir sSman goods; meaning; matter G)urr(isrr porul government (n.) ^rferrrisisih arasangam g o v t (n.); k i n g d o m c^/7 arasu

Gurnu eii(SlGpeiT.

govern (v.t.) ^LL& Qs=lij atchi sey (- Qffo/iu, - Qfftij^) government; administration ^tl. atchi grab (v.L); catch iStS^ pidi (LSIuf-am, LSUI.$^) gradual (adj.), 'step by step' uiJi.uuLii.ujrrevr padippadiydna grain (paddy, etc.) (n.) ^rresfluJLD dhaniyam grandchild (n.) Gurrs(gLp^e!n^ perakkulanthai g r a n d d a u g h t e r (n.) Gu0^ petthi grandfather (n.) ^ns,^n thattha, urTL.iesrrrp' pattanar g r a n d m o t h e r (n.) urriLisi. patti, umLLSj-iurrp^ p&ttiyar grandson (n.) Guijasr peran grape(s) (n.) ^irmLanff thiratchai

grass (n.) Lfeo pul g r a y (ash color) (n. or adj.) sdmbal (niram) graze (v.i.) (BLDIU mey {Gwiu, Giadj^sj) great (adj.); important; big Qutfliu periya greatness (n.); nobleness green (adj.); fresh U3=es)ff pacchai greetings; goodbye euemssiLD vanakkam grief (n.); suffering ^AaLD dhukkam grind (v.t.) ^emrj arai ground; agricultural land 0)eULD nilam group (n.) G)^/7(g@ thoguthi g r o w (v.i.) euenir valar (y ki'iji, Qu(r^ss)U> perumai
s^rriaueo (r^piii)

(suffltrp-, ajen)^l)

68

69

g r o w (make g r o w ) (v.t.) si/srr/7 valar -

h a i r ( o f the b o d y ) ( n . ) LDuSliX mayir

h a p p e n ( v . i . ) ; behave; w a H c nada fj5is,m, /si-isja) na4aipent h a p p e n ( v . i . ) ; take place fSes)L-Qu^

h a r d ( o p p . to soft) a^sru^tuirem (Lpp-l_fTesr h a r m (n.) ^onLD thlmai, thlngu h a r m (v.t.) -

unithiyana, muradana

g r o w t h (nO

h a i r ( o f the head) (n.) -

euerrp'ff^
g u a r d (n.) -

valamhi

(Lpt^.

mudi happen (v.i.); o c c u r -

h a l f (n.); w a i s t cjysnfr arai kapparru

aiTUuirp^)

s;aey<A){afTi:rp') kaval(karar) guard (vx) afTUunpgU

{siTuuiTpp,

ffCaueSl

sambavi
3=Lbue)Sl^^) sambavam inbam, magilcchi

h a l f (n.) Ufr@ pdthi

(<yu3Ui5)<5<gs, s^LOU&JLO araiyakku pathiydkku gjsarULO LDS)y3#

Qs=iu thmgu sey

(- Qffiuiu, QiFiugi) thlinaiyulla thlmaiyarra kodiya kadmnai h a r m f u l (adj.); cruel ^QyiLDiLf&TStT h a r m l e s s (adj.) ^emLDlupp h a r s h (adj.) Qsms^iU sQiesiLD h a r s h n e s s ( n . ) ; sternness haste (n.); emergency

h a p p e n i n g ( n . ) ; occurrence happiness (n.); j o y , delight -

guide (v.L)

h a l v e (v.t.) ^as^rriUfT3i(Q urr^ujns(g (-^ffi, - ^ d j g ) )

euifisimLQi
i-mmLu, euiflaaiLLq. g u i l t (n.) (gppLD g u i d e (n.) -

valikattu

-arrCui.) mlikatti kurram kurmmulla, kurramana

h a l l ( n . ) ; large r o o m v(_ti kudam -

be h a p p y ( v . i . ) LDS)yi magil
(mglLp, LoSyjjBg/)

g u i l t y (adj.) (gppQfierrerr (gjPpLDTTasi

h a n d (n.); arm S!n kai

h a p p U y (adv.) santhoshamaga h a p p i n e s s ( n . ) ; pleasure aTJCS^/rsi^ii h a p p y (adj.) santhosham thongavidu -

h a n g ( v . t . ) ; suspend Q^nmJs;eS}(pi
(-aSlL-, - S I S L . )

^euffrxih
hasten (v.i.) avasarappadu

avasaram
-

g u i l t y p e r s o n (n.) kurramullavan H h a b i t ( n . ) ; custom valakkam (palakkam) pokku

h a n g (be suspended) ( v . i . )

Q^nai(^

( - u i _ , -uiLCSi) santhoshamana, h a t (n.) -

thohgu -

h a n g (execute) ( v . t . ) ^S)si5)(5)

Q^mliiSI
magilcchiydna hardness (n.); firmness s^giJ^ urulhi

thoppi

thukkilidu

hate (v.t.); dislike -

h a b i t ( n . ) ; practice; g o i n g -

(-g)L., - L - f i l ) ; gjjsSlsoQuiTQi

Qevgu veru

thUkkilpodu

GurrsiQ

70

71

hate (n.), h a t r e d -

h e a l t h (n.) WffiLD (giSmih sugam, gunam

Qeuguuq
h a v e (v.) QmnefT kol

veruppu

h e a v y l o a d (n.) UlTCriii aojesTLD h e i g h t (n.) a^lurXLD uyaram uyartthu baram kavanam h e e d ( n . ) ; care -

h e r (pron.) (familiar) ^euemen avalai ( a c e ) , ^ 6 i / ( g 5 < 5 5 @ avalukku (daL) h e r (pron.) (polite) ^exiamp' avarai (ace), (dat.) c?i/si/(T5<B(g avarukku

{Qsnenm, Qsineisr)
he [that man) (pron.) S'/eysir avan, avargal (pol.+) ^ s u / j " avar (polite),

h e a l t h y (adj.) ffrSiLDtTaST arokiyamana h e a r ( v . t . ) , l i s t e n ; ask siigamana,

^QrxfrQujLDrTesr

heighten (v.t.) -

h e r (possessive) ( f a m . ) cg>/sU(Si[5!0L_(U ^eii(f^einL_aj h e r (possess.) ( p o l i t e ) -

^euirs^en
he (this man) ^eussr

Gserr

kel ( G a i l a , daC.)

s-iup^^
heUo! si;<S55r<Ba5Lb S-^eS}

avaludaiya avarudaiya

h e a r t ( a n a t o m i c a l ) (n.) ) ^ I U i (g)^UJLb) iruthayam {pol.+) h e a r t h (n.) ^Qiljq aduppu h e a t ( h i g h t e m p . ) (n.) (ithayam)

ivan, ivargal

^ Q j j j ivar ( p o l i t e ) ,

vanakkam

h e r e (adv.) ^isKSs inge itho intharungal henceforthh e r e ! ( l o o k here!) -

^eup-aerr
he h i m s e l f -

h e l p ( n . ) ; assistance uthavi sey

h e l p (v.t.) a_^ffl5) Q3=iu uthavi (- Glfftuiu, - Qs=fug^) helpful (adj.)upayogamana h e l p ( n . ) , assistant gjenestsT thunai hence (from now on) ippothilirunthu h e n c e ( f r o m here) ^ISJSIQ^^^ h e n c e (therefore) ihgirunthu agaiyal

g)G^/r

h e r e ! (take i t ! ) ^^^fTQ^lilsen' hereafter (adv.); ^esfl ini,

inimel ^SBACSLDSI)

avane than ( f a m . ) , avare thain (pol.) h e a d ( o f p h y s i c a l b o d y ) (n.) ^smsu ^smeueup' ^aneveiisSl thalai thalaivar thalaivali h e a d (leader) (a.) h e a d a c h e (n.) h e a d q u a r t e r s (n.) thalaimai aluvalagam -

t^Qi

sildu,
veppam (mi-, L-gl) veyil

Qeuuuih
siidu G)euu5)iA> ffiswii SiesT^^ s&STLDlTeiST urftfLnrrai

g e t h e a t e d ( v . i . ) , get h o t sun's h e a t (n.) h e a v i n e s s (n.) ganam ganattha, ganamana baramaga h e a v y (adj.)

h e r e b y (adv.) ^^sw/Tsb ithanal ithanudan

h e r e w i t h (adv.) ^^OT5yi_esr aSjXeir vlran vlrappen, viranganai hero (n.); s o l d i e r heroine (n.); woman w a r r i o r -

heal (v.i.); calm down

h e a v i l y (adv.)

eSiruQuimr
aStXHlSJaanssr

^emmiurreo

72

73

h e r o i s m (n.) eSfTLD viram h e r o i c (adj.) -

h i g h w a y (n.); r o a d WSiDSW salai,

h o l d (keep in h a n d ) (v.t.) -

h o n o r (v.L) perumaippadutthu (o)srrra5) gauravi {QgicnijeSlms, QffiswjraS^sjj) h o n o r a r y (adj.) QaenijeiJ gaurava h o n o r a b l e (adj.) gauravamikka, QsierrtTGULDiTeisT gauravamana h o n o r a b l y (adv.) QxerrpreuLDiTs; gauravamaga h o p e (v.t), believe -

herself (pron.) (familiar) herself (pron.) (poUte) h i d e (skin) (n.); l e a t h e r hide (v.t); make disappear-

eSlJLEifTssT viramdna

0nQ

^suQm male, EST thane

^euQrj avare

Q^neo thol

LoanjD marai

be h i d d e n (v.i.); disappear jLoan/j) marai h i g h (adv.); far u p high (adj.)&.ujpr uyar, a_lu/T/5^ uyamtha, 2_UJ(TLDfr5r icyaramSna h i g h level (n.) S-lLip' fflsjisu uyar nilai h i g h ; west; above GLDA) mil, GLDGSU mele, QiBeonm melana

(mempiu, ms^fo^^) a_iu(sjr uyare

hill (n.) iosDSU malai, ( g s a r p t b kunram h i m (pron.) (familiar) ^euanasT avanai ( a c e ) , ^ g l / s g ) ; a 5 ( g avanukku (dat.) h i m (pron.) (polite) ^eyaniT avarai ( a c e ) , ^eii(t^S(^ avarukku (dat.) h i m s e l f (reflex.) (fam.) ^GUQGST avane, s^nQasT thane h i m s e l f (reflex.) (polite) ^ajQp' avare h i p (n.); w a i s t h i s (possessive) avanudaiya (fam.), avarudaiya (pol.) history ( n . ) surysfTfT^ varalSru h i t (v.t.) -

G}/5(S)(^a=^/rsinsy

nedunjalai

h o l d (n.) -

(iiii4.ffiffi, iSli4.0gi)

iSut-Uq pidippu h o l i d a y (n.) -

g)(J)Ui_/ iduppu

vidumurai (nal) holy; 'Mr.' ^(55 thiru h o m e (n.), h o u s e a)7(p vfrfw h o m e t o w n (n.); village; city a a r j r wr, Q3=rT^0 amfr sontha ur h o n e s t (adj.); straight G^/T ner,

e)S}Qi(tpeinp (jsrreiT)

nermaiydna h o n e s t y (n.); straightness Grgp'SsiLO nermai uvJiiia^LCirrstsT h o n e y (n.) payangaramana (S^m then h o r r o r (n.) h o n e y b e e (n.) QuQ^lhutULb perumbayam Gassjf thenl h o r s e (n.) h o n o r (n.); a d e g r e e , d i p l o m a @@!n/r kuthirai ULLI^LD pattam

GrsprenLDiurresT

h o p e (n.); belief; c o n f i d e n c e [SmiSI<sein<s nambikkai h o r n ( a n i m a l ' s ) (n.) QstTiMq kombu h o r r i b l e (adj.) -

/StJDL/ nambu Qcwu, rswiS)

74

75

h o s p i t a l (n.) -

so m a n y asbatthiri,

h u n d r e d t h ( n . o r adj.) etthanaiyo Ifp[TeJg] nuravathu, girprrLD n r a ; n ( a d j . o n l y )

h u r r y (n.), haste; emergency ^euffp'lh GeuiULD ^sSlfXLO avasaram, vegain, sikkiram

^ervu00ll^
LDQ^^^eiiLDemesT

er^^anesiQiurr
how much? -

marutthuvamanai
h o t (spicey) (adj.) surrTLDfTesr s/TjTib karam karamana s p i c i n e s s (n.), p u n g e n c y h o t (temp. - n o t weather) -

STsi/susffo/
so m u c h , a lot 'oTsLtsiHon^Gurr

evvalavu
ewalavd

h i m g e r (n.) uff} pasi pasi u^lLjehefr {uSiam, uSi^gi) be h u n g r y (v.i.), famished h u n g r y (adj.) pasiyulla vettaiyadu h u n t ( a n i m a l s , e t c . ) (v.t.) G)i/L_sini_lUfr(S) ( - ^ ( _ , -^Uf.) Q^m-UUrrp h i m t e r (n.) vettaikkaran, GeuQlOjeir veduvan h u r l ( v . t ) ; throw, toss -

h u r r y (v.i.); b e rash avasarappadu (-ui_, - u i l ) h u r r y u p ( s o m e o n e ) (v.t.) avasarappadutthu

h o w e v e r (in w h a t e v e r m a n n e r ) -

sTuuis^iunSlepiih
eppadiyagilum however; even though ^esm^LD h u g e (adj.) andlum

@(5)

sudu,
sudana

(S^L^nasr

h o t & humid (weather, etc.), s u l t r i n e s s (n.) LfQ^ssiLO pulukkam

{.-u00,

-u(Si0^)
sey

h u r t (v.t.) ^ E / @ Q<3=UJ thlfigu (- Qffiuiu, - Qffdj^i) h u r t ( a c h e ) (v.i.) -

iSsiuQufftuj
miga-p-periya h u m a n [ o f m e n ] (adj.) LDOsFl^ manitha, manithanukkuriya

h t m t ( s e a r c h f o r ) (v.t.) thedippar

h o u r (of day); bell; g e m LDSBJifl mani one h o u r (of time) oru rimni h o u s e (n.) neram

Grsn no
{Grsrra, Grsrr^^)
h u s b a n d (n.) ffiSBJsrsilisir kanavan, vlttu-k-karan

h u m a n i t y (n.) manitha inam

a3(St vldu
h o w ? (by what means?) STUUUi. eppadi,

h u m i l i a t e (v.t.) -

h u r r i e d (adj.) ^eus'p'LDrrssr GeusLDfTstsr h u r r i e d l y (adv.) nagaicchuvai ^aj3=!X^^eo QeasLDns 9aiStiXLDrrsi avasaratthil, vegamaga, slkkiramdga avasaramana, vegamana

s,fTifi0^
h u m o r (n.) -

thaltthu

I
I (pron.) rsnasT 5^^ nan karutthu, ennam i d e a (n.); thought; o p i n i o n -

erasssr/TSU
Qs:iU(Lpeinro how many? eT0^es)ssr

ethanal
seymurai etthanai rSS!n<S3=SH^aj ^gll nuru

h o w (way in which) -

h u n d r e d ( n . o r adj.) -

sTSSsrsssni

76

77

idol (n.); shape; image; f o r m g p j T ^ ^ murtthi if (conj.); if said so (^rehroiTeo enrol, ^esmso anal if s o appadiyanal ignorance (n.); innocenceQa/CTTfflnsrr vellai ignorance (n.) ^^iLitTonLD ariyamai . ignorant (adj.) ill (adj.); indisposed -

imagine (v.) karpanai sey (- Qffiuiu, - Qa^iu^y, ennippdr (-unffoa, -un^^gi) imitate (v.t.) (ijJrirupj), iSmuf)^) immaturity; youth; tenderness ^CfremLD ilamai immediate (adj.) udanadiyana immediately (adv.); right after^L-QGST tidane LSleirupiru pinparru

improve (v.) munnerrappadutthu

increase (v.t); multiply Qu(a(Q perukku

^l^iunes

ariyatha

impatience (n.); irritation iUness (n.); disease ^0^rTLD atthiram QfBfTUj noy impatient (adj.) illumination (n.); lamp ^ai^rjLDrresr atthiramana si5)Tr65(g vilakku impatiently (adv.) image (n.); shape, form; idol - ^^^[TLDrrs dtthiramaga importance (n.); primary thing g p j T ^ ^ murtthi (Lps&lULD mukkiyam imagination; inventiveness important (adj.); big ai)Umesr karpana! (LpS)uj(u)n'(Sw) imagine (v.L); keep mukkiya(mana), vaitthukkol QufHiu periya (-QafTOTOT, -Q/TKsir(jl); 78

^gi&Sliu

asukkiya

independence (n.) improvement (n.); r e f o r m sutlianthiram (ipenQestpipLn munnerram independent (adj.) in (prep.) -^so -il, s^ehGen ulle suthanthiramana in order to, so that independence (freedom) (n.) ULSj. padi Q5)(51^ensu viduthalai incident (n.) industry; work; occupation f&ay>S=^ nigalcchi incite (v.t.) tholil(thurai) ^em(^ thundu influence (v.t.) Qa^eoeurrssisfil selvakkali include (v.t.) (-<^6i9, -^sfH^gi) s_srTsrn_@ uUadakku influence (n.) (-^(_ffi, -,^i_g)); Qc?aba//r<B@ selvSkku inform (v.t.); armounce semthukkol Q^/fla5) therivi (-Qffiffsirsrr, -QarrmstQ!) (6)^/fla5)ffiffi, Q^ifleSl^gi); income (n.) euq^LDfT'SSTLD varumanam ^|)5)l5? arivi increase (v.); ascend; climb information (n.) sjffy eru i^p, ^rSI) Qffiu^ seythi increase (v.i.); m u l d p l y injure (v.t.); harm Qu(r^(Q perugu ^/E/(g QsFlU thlngu sey {Qu([^s, Qu^); LSI(Q migu {iBs, LBI(^0gi) (- Qfftiiiu, - Qffiu^); 79

keduthal

sey

i n s u f f i c i e n c y (n.) paitthiyakSri (f.)

i n t e r e s t ( n . ) ; enthusiasm c^^/TSl/LO arvam

i n j u r y (n.) ^anU) thimai,

i n s a n i t j ' (n.)
paitthiyam

(gsnpffcysb \t (adj.) -

kuraicchal kuraicchalSna

i n t e r f e r e n c e (n.); interruption (ggy<S(i)^(5b (gffy<S5S(5) kurukkiduthal,

kuraintha,

(ganffjffffsun'sisr
I (^anp^^

Qffi(5)@

keduthi

inhale (v.t.); p u l l , d r a g - -

i n s e c t (n.) y # pucchi

kurukkidu

j I

U00rr^

patthathu

g)(y> ' I "

i n k (n.)
enin

i n s i d e , w i t h i n (space) -

i n s u f f i c i e n t l y (adv.) (^emptFffeufTs; kumicclmldga

interfere (v.t.); interrupt @g!/S)(5) kurukkidu

((g2Vi_, f f y L . )

inai

a-sfr ut,
a _ s K B s w uUe i n s p e c t (v.t.)
GsFfT^ sothi

i n s u l t (v.t) -

i n t e r v a l (n.); m i d d l e
avamathi ^esiLidai

!
T

^a/ui0
i n s u l t (n.) ^euLD^ULj

innocence ( n . ) ; i g n o r a n c e Qeuenmen vellai i n n o c e n c e (n.) kurramarrathaiimai

i n t e r v e n e (v.t.) (^gUdQQi kurukkidu

(Cff/7g, G i f n ^ ^ g i ) install (v.t.); c o n s t r u c t . ^sniM amai

avamathippu

( ( g a / f f l S i _ , ggi/ffi!!) i n t e r v e n t i o n (n.) @ffy<55S(5) i n t r o d u c t i o n (n.)

^^(LpsiLb

i n t e l l i g e n c e (n.); k n o w l e d g e ^n5^eij arivu

arimugam

kurukkidu

i n n o c e n t (adj.) (e^ppLapp kurramarra

i n s t a l l ( v . t . ) ; establish erv^rTLS sthabi

intelligent; knowledgeable ^nSlei^enerr i n t e n s e (adj.) $aSl[r thivira,

thiviramana ^eSIp'LDfTesT

arivulja

i n o c u l a t e (v.t.) usi podu

(au^/rtSffi, av0irLS^gi) i n s t e a d (adv.) U^SDna pathilaga

i n v a d e (v.t.) usni ST(5) padai edu

(- ffrffiffi, - E T ^ ^ ) i n v a s i o n (n.) uesiL-QiuQiULi

padaiyeduppu

(- G u f f i _ , - G u f f i l ) i n o c u l a t i o n (n.); n e e d l e -

instead o f u^<so ^emiMULj pathil amaippu,

i n t e n s i t y (n.); r a d i c a l i s m ^eSlljLD thiviram

sssS\

i n s a n e (adj.) anu^^iu paitthiya

i n s t i t u t i o n (n.); establishment-

i n t e n s i t y (n.); s p e e d Gsi/aLD
GeusLDfTSi

vegam vegamaga

i n v e n t (v.t.); d i s c o v e r xemQiLSlu^ kandupidi

i n s a n e p e r s o n (n.)
paitthiyakaran (m.).

rSgtlOJesTLD niruvanam
i n s t r u m e n t (n.); tool; weapon
r^lLj^Lo ayutham

intensely (adv.); quickly i n t e n t i o n (n.); t h o u g h t eremsssru) ennam

(-L5)i^a;, -iSif^as;) i n v e n t i o n (n.); discovery

karidupidippu

SO

81

investigate (v.t.) ^rrrriu aray

island (n.) issue (of publication); vol. u^uq pathippu, eSlajsnnijUi vivahSram be issued (v.i.); be bom iStp pirn {iSpsa, iSlp^gj) it, that (thing) (pron.) athii it, this (thing) (pron.) ^gl ithu jackal (n.) jail (n.) ^sy th'ivu

investigation (n.); researchinvestigation (n.) eSlffrTjjen^em visaranai investigate (v.t.) e&fffrri'msm GisFiu
visaranai
(- Q01UIU, -

^[rrriU3:&

Sraycchi

tsSlffirfU visari invitation (n.) invite (v.t.) ^stnip ^emLpULj

sey QffiLi^);

a[aippu

rsii\

sirai( cchalai) jasmine (n.) LoeoeSlsmsa malligai ^(TjiiL/ irumbu "Arabian" j a s m i n e (n.) irritation (n.); impatience (ipsbsinsi) mullai ^^^rrih atthiram jealousy (n.), envy irritation (n.); bum sensation - Qurrprrs^nLD pordmai &T/fl#ffsb ericclial jewel (n.); g e m irritate (v.t.) Loessfl mani, ST/fl#ffsyffil(51 ericchaluttu [T^^asrLD ratthinam (-aanlL, -ssniLiSf.) jewelry (n.); o r n a m e n t is, exists (v.i.) /5C!n65(sfr) nagai(gal) a_sw(5) un4u (only form) (^raiyjds*, iron (n.) ^mLpfi^) 82

alai

j u d g e (n.) job (n.) $0u^ nithipathi Gexiemev velai j u d g e (v.t.) join (v.i.); unite; collect^^uueffl thirppali 9n.Qt kudu ( * . ! _ , i ^ . ) (-,jV6r9, -^eUl^gi) join (v.t.); unite; collectj u d g m e n t (n.) Qa^ir ser {Qsvsm, Gsi^) ,UULl thtrppu join (with) (v.i.); unite (with) - jiimp (v.i.); leap s^siwy Ga=/j onru ser kuthi ((g^, <Q^^i)\ (- G/fp-aa, - e*jj5^) UfTlil pay {uniu; uniu^gi) joke (n.) junction (n.); crossing G<BSi5) mi 5T5P(L!/L/) santhi(ppu) joker (n.) jungle (n.), forest Q&nian'sRt komdli ((-/^/r)/r(5) (puthar)kadu, journey (n.); travel eiiasTLD vanam LSlcrturremLD {uiuemiM) j u s t (because), piraydnam (payanam) no particular reason stLDLDrT summa j o u r n e y (v.i.) s t (only) lil/riu/T-sssTLb (uttjsranb) Qa^iu j uL0il(5)U) (adv.) mattum j u s t (right, lawful) (adj.) pirydnam (payanam) sey Gns/T ner, (- Gifftiiiu, - Giffiugi) G/Hjr/rew nerdna j o y (n.); happiness justice (n.) ^ s s r u i i inbam, ( g p nXthi LoSlljpff^ magilcchi K joyful (adj.) keep (v.t.); imagine, suppose magilcchiydna eineiiaigj'xQaiTerr vaiithukkol joyfully (adv.) magilcchiydga 83

key (n.) k i c k (v.L) a_s!n^

fffTeSl savi
uthai uthai

k i n g (n.) ^ffffeir tjrr^rr LoeirasTssT ^Cr<s^ prr^iULo k i s s (v.t.) (LP^^LSQ)

(-g)L, -g)L)

k n o w (pred.), understand arasan, L/ffltt/ii LjlfliUfT^ <^j75)si/ Q^lfl (Q^iSiu, Q^lfliLlLD puriyum puriyathu arivu theri Q^ffljs^); theriyum {pied.} don't k n o w (pred.) mannan k n o w l e d g e (n.) k n o w ( v . ) ; k n o w how to -

l a m p (n.); illumination QSISTTCBQ retiLh QlMfTlfi l a p (n.) LDLq. Quifluj ffiSJDiffl ^gU^^lJSleo) madi periya kadaisi iruthi(yil) fui.0gi) l a r g e (adj.); important l a s t (n.); final; e n d vilakku nilam molt l a n d (agric.) (n.); ground language (n.); saying; word -

raja,

(B/rsU/rd) a _ S 5 i ^ kalal
(- S-eS)0^, iL.6S}^^)

k i n g d o m (n.) arasu, rajyam mutthamldu

k i c k (n.) kiU (v.t.) -

Qsrr&i

kol

k i s s (n.) (Lp^^lh
Gl^irsnsv0^)

k i l l (v.t.); ruin Q^rremeo

(Q^n-sKisufflffi,

muttham ^anp ami pattam

don't k n o w Qfil^turr^

theriyathu

tholai

k i t c h e n (n.) ffemLDiuso samalyal uiLlLD k n i f e (n.) katthi k n o t (v.t.) (Lptjj. mudi

L
l a b o r (n.) S-anLpULJ ulaippu tholilalar L a b o r (n.); workers Q^rTifleonefrir l a c k (n.); f l a w (gemp kurai illai l a c k (pred.) ^ia)S5)su l a d d e r (n.) STSiSsfl enl l a k e ; tank (man-made lake) ^ / f l eri, suilffLO @srrii> latcham kuhm l a k h (100,000) (n. or adj.) -

l a s t (at last) l a s t (to continue) (v.) 0Lq. nidi a_s!r)y) (jSifffias, ulai
iL.SS\Lp^])

be killed (v.i.); be r u i n e d Q^fToneo tholai ( Q ^ / r c n s u i u , Q^/rfflneu^^) k i n d (n.), sort, class ^esnh QjsmiB inam vagal irakkamana anbdna k i n d , sort; manner; portion k i n d (gentle) (adj.) ^rysxinrrem ^asTUrresr kindness (n.) ^ s J T L / anbu k i n d (adj.); friendly -

k i t e (plaything) (n.) -

l a s t (to wear w e l l ) (v.i.) (il_SSlLpffi,

l a t e (adj.); delayed LSI^^IU pinthiya, thamathamana samibatthil kakkus (g)/flffl, ffl/fl^^) ^fTLD^LDiretrr lately (adv.) 3=LSu^^eO l a t r i n e (n.) d5aii.sfu &lfl siri laugh (v.i.); s m i l e -

Qfiis^ Qua mudipodu (- G u / n _ , - QunCtSi) k n o t (n.) (Lfiis^ffamudicchu k n o w (v.t.); u n d e r s t a n d S^n^ ari {^fUm, ^id^gi)

85

laughter (n.); smileQfHuLf sirippu

learn (v.t.) spgi]<sQsirreir

{-Qauarar.,

karrukkol

law (n.); rulefflLu-lh ffiLL-LD sattam Ltfl'suLDaesr

-Q/Tsrar)

lengthen (v.i.) /fsyru3/r@ nllamdgu

(-^, -^S))

level (adj.); flat LDlLlLDfTesr mattainSna poyyan

learned (adj.) learning (n.); study ffisboS kalvi leather (n.); hide; skin Gs^rrso thai

liar (n.) Qumuiuem nllamakku

lawful (adj.) sattam-purvamdna

spfog^^^

karrarintha

lengthen (v.t.) ^enLnrT3i(Q

library (n.) md nilaiyam, nulagain

( - ^ , -^ffiS))

lawj'er (n.) vakkit (vakkil) somberi valikattu

lengthy (adj.); protracted ^erTLDtresT ^iLujnltti siruttliai nilamana

^etiSLD

lazybones (a lazy person) Qs^fTLoQuf^ OJifisfTlLQ

leave (v.t.); let go a5)(il vidu {eSlL_, eSliL&)

protractedly (adv.) leopard ( n . ) &gU0sin^ less (adj.) (ganpiu (g)(SS)pei]nen

lie (around) (v.i.); remain kida (S)i_ffi, gl/_|sg/) lie (v.); lie down uQi padu {uQiaa, u&^!)

lead (show the way) (v.t.) -

left (side) (n. or adj.) ^lSI

^lgll

idathu
USSLD

lie (n.), falsehood Qurnu

Qumjj

left side (n.) idathu pakkam

kuraiya, kuraivana

poy
Gusn- poy pesu

lead (control; go first) (v.t.) (Lpsir flffsi) mun chel

(- Qffebcti, - (olffsjrgi;)

lie (speak falsely) (v.i.) ' (- Qua:, - GuSi)

lesson (n.)
UfTlLD pddam

leaf (of a plant) (n.) ^snsu ilai

leg (n.); foot; quarter (1/4) arrsb kdl legal (adj.) sattan-jdrntha,

let (v.t.); permit

anumathi kodu (- QairQiss, xi^.^LD

life (n.); breath; vowel _u5)/r uyir

leap (v.i.); jump urnu pay {uiTtu, uiTiu^gi); kuthi ((gg)d5, (s^^sj)

lif e(n.); breathQsn^)

letter (communication) (n.) sattappadiyana lend (v.t.) <Bi_sJrQfr(J) length (n.) /fsTTib nUam
kaditham elutthu

life (n.); living; flourishing - eurTLpAmai vdlkkai

Qpffa

mUcchu

leap (n.);jumpumiiffs^eo @@ kuthi paycchal,

letter (of the alphabet) (n.) kadan-kodu

^(Lp0^

learn (v.t.); study sb kal {apx, apgu)

level (amount) (n.) ^etreij alavu samathalam

"long life!"suffipa valga lifeless (adj.) _iz5)/7 glsbsoff^ uyir illatha

evenness (n.) ffLD^erTLD

lift (v.t.), raise; pump

^pgu erru {^prp, ^p^)

87

lift up (v.t.); weigh i5/7ffi thakku light (n.), illumiaation eiSeiratg vilakku light (bright) (adj.)s^EBtunesT oliyana lightning (n.) uSssrcsrsb minnal like (appreciate) LSiq-^fgLD pidikkum; iSllfliULb piriyam don't like iSis^sisrr^i pidikkathu; piriyam illai like (v.) effl(LDLl virumbu liking (n.) viruppam (viruppu) like (similar to); as (if) Gurreti pola, GurnA) pol like, as; m a n n e r LDFT^lfl mathiri likeness (n.) e^p^anLD orrumai
{e6l(!iLDU, aSgjiiijI)

lime (fruit) (n.) elumiccham-palam limit (n.); extent; measure ^erreij alavu limit (n.); boundary ereoanev ellai limit (v.t.) exjetnp'UJg}] vararyaru limitation (n.) euenp'tuemp varaiyarai line (n.); tax eu/fl vari, evfflans' varisai line (string, rope) (n.) SuSlgU kayint lion (n.) &!BJ3iLD sihgam lip(n.)a - ^ ( i ) uthadu lip service Gus'g^errsij pecchalavu liquid (state) (n.) ^P'LDLD nirmam liquid (adj.) ^p^LDUJLDfTesT nirmayamdna list (n.) ULLlSf.UJSO pattiyal 88
(aycnfriuffj/ffids, eues)[rtug)j^^)

list (v.t.) -

figsifl oli,

living (n.), life exirryisansi valkkai pattiyalil pathivu sey lizard (garden) (n.) (- Qs^diiu, - Qffiligi) fi^tsw/TSST ondn listen (v.i.); obey; a s k wall lizard (gecko) Gffisyr kel (Gffiilffi, Gail) UeOsSl palli listener (n.) load (n.) GsiLueveir ketbavan cK-ssiLO sumai literature (Tamil); nature load (v.L) ^lUfSO iyal 3i<ss)LD ejipgil sumai erru literature (gen.) (n.) (- VPP. - ^PjS) ^ s U c s S ) ( u i i ilakkiyam loan (n.) cS5L_ssr kadan Uttle (adj.); small local (adj.) ffln5)(U siriya, ^eksw sinna @ L _ ( ^ a^rrpr^^ idan jamtha a little (n.); s o m e lock (v.t.); shut, c l o s e Qsn(^ffLD koHjam live (dwell) (v.i.); r e s i d e ^es)L^ adai exi& vasi (sufflaa, oj^^gj) (^OTLffiffi, ^smi^^gj) live (v.i.); breathe lock (v.t.) a_u5)p" uyir y t l ( 5 ) puttu ( y L j _ , y i l 4 - ) (a_ii51jffi, s-iiStt0gi) lock (n.) live (adj.), living s^u5\(<S{Tea uyirulla lodge (n.) eSlQi^ viduthi live (v.i.); p r o s p e r eunip vdl (ojaifi, ajrr^p^) loneUness (n.); soliwde ^stsflemLD thanimai. live long! lonely (adj.); s e c l u d e d ^esfl^^ thanittha exifTlfia valga 89

long (adj.) long time -

fieiTLOlTasT nilamana

loud noise (n.) loud (adj.) -

3=0iSLb sattham

loyal (adj.) loyalty (n.) -

m a d l y (angrily) (adv.) m a d (insane) (adj.)

look (v.t); see; try -

^eswi rsfrerr ntnda ml, Qp-mJau tsmsh romba nal

louse (insect) (n.)

s=^^(LpeheiT satthamuUa

visuvasamulla eS\aeurT3=LD visuvasam

GstTULDfTs; kobamSga onu^^iu paitthiya emu0^ujlh paitthiyam

look for (v.L); seek -

U/T/T par {unfiax, unj^)

love (n.); affectionlove (v.t.) -

Ouesr pen

luck (n.), good fortune -

madness (insanity) (n.) m a d person (n.)

look like (v.i.); a p p e a r -

(3^ thedu ((50i_, G^if)

^eivLl anbu

G^!Tmgu thonru

(- Qsnsnerr, - Qairssiirfi)); loving (adj.) -

^eisTLi QsfT&r anbu kol

luck (chance, accident) (n.) ^pQa^ujsi) tharcheyal luck (n.); good fortune luckily (adv.) lucky (adj.) -

[SpQugXi narperu

(snu^^ujd<srT[reir paitthiyakkaran (m.), paitthiyakkari (f.) U^^lflsema ^urreb thabal thalaimaiyana, patthirikkai

^^/rE^iti) athirshtam athirshtavasamaga athirshtamulla

ff^rTLDtrm

lord (n.), master, boss lose (sth.)-(v.t); t h r a s h -

ST^LDrresr ejamnn

(5/5^ nesi ^ekqerrerr

magazine (n.); newspaper mail (post) (n.) m a i n (adj.) -

lose; be ruined; be done with love (romantic) (v.t.) Qas/rsmsw tholai

srr^eSI

Qainmeo tholai

love (romantic) (n.)

anbulla

StTSSeo kathal

lose (v.i.), be defeated -

lose (v.) g)Lp ila (g)ip, g)y)^^) loss (in business, etc.) (n.) g)y)UL/ ilappu lost (adj.) -

(S^rrA) thol (G^rrps, Q^upips) an^eSl ksthali (t), arr^eoesr kathalan (m.)
lovely (adj.) low (adj.) -

lover (n.) -

katlmli

luggage (n.), baggage -

saman

^Lfisrrem ahgana

M ' m a c h i n e (n.); engine (U/s^trti yanthirain m a d (state of being angry) m a d (angry) (adj.) -

m a j o r (adj.)

mukkiyainana

majority (n.) -

Quq^LDumsiirresr perumbdldna

QanULD kobam

perumbanmai
'a majority of the people' -

^Lpp^ ikmtha

^rri^^ thalntha, ^fTj^eurrsu thdlvana

GsrruQpehefr kobamulla, QarruLDrresT kobamana

Quq^LDunGecnp perumbaldr

90

91

make (v.t.); effect; create make (v.t); do uememi pamu male (n.), manliness c^afsr an, LDSufl^ssr manithan male gender (n.) ^emuneo Snbat man (n.); personc^sfr al, QiDStirTerrpr melalar

(ucMTssur, usOTsrafl); sey (Qffiuiu, Gla^iiig])

many (adj.) USD pala many (persons) USOff palar of many kinds palavithamana liow many? ST^^smssr etthanai that many; so many; so much ^^^anasT atthanai map (n.); pictiue UL^LD padam march (military) (v.i.) ffiL_/5^ G)<?su kadanthusel
(- Qffajsu, - QffosTgii)
ueoeSI^LDiTasr

marriage (n.), wedding SiSOiunemLD kalyanam, @(g)u)S5isr/i (thiru)manam marry (get married) (v.i.) seoiurreswiM Qffiu
(- Qsiuiu, - Qfiugi);

kalyanam sey

LDSsfi^eisT manithan manager (n.) -

an,

mango (ripe Suit) LDlTlhuLpilt mam-palam man(liness) (n.) ^(5iJ!i7"(snii3) dn(mai) manly (virile) (adj.) ^smesiLDtLfenetf anmaiyulla manner (n.); way LOfT^lfl mathiri, eiJLfi vali manner (n.); way; kind; sort; division; portion eiianss vagal

mark (n.), sign@ff5)(5'(5l) kuri(yldu) mark (v.t.); denote (gnS kuri

((gjSJss,

rsf^^y,

(QiiSltiSl(S> kuriyidu market (n.) <5S!nL_ kadai, 92 ff^em^ santhai, ^liiaifTLSj. angadi

0(75)u)S5WU) Qa=iu (thirujmanam sey mass (n.); lump dSlli^. katti master (n.); boss; lord STgU3/rssr ejaman mat (n.) umu pay match-box (n.) ^UQULLI^. thi-p-pettl match-stick (n.) tht-k-kucchl material (n.) mula-p-porul matter (n.); affair SfrAtUih kariyam matter (n.); news Qffiu^l seythi matter (n.); meaning; goods 93 Qutrq^eh porul

mature (adj.); old ues)LpuJ palaiya may (aux. v.); can (Lpuj.ll]lh mildlyum can't(tpis^iurr^ mudlyathu maybe, perhaps s^OGsKSinsTr oruvelal, sg(5ffi/TS>J orugdl me (pron.) srssrsmsisT ennai (ace), OTS3r<B@ enakku (dat.) meal (diimer) (n.) S=[TUUnQl sappadu mean (intend, denote) (v.) sq^Sil karuthu (a^, @) meaning (n.) ^fs^Stia arttham meaning (n.); matter; goods QuiT(efT porul means (n.); mannermeasure (v.t.) ^etr ala (_^snAa, ^m^gj); ^srrffii5)(5) alavidu (^srra5li_, ^srraSlil) measure (n.); amount; limit . ^srrsiy alavu

meat (n.); ^empffS

fleshiralcchi,

m e r c h a n t (n.) eiSllUfTUflffl ^rxaaiLD viyabari irakkam . m e r c y (n.); pity

m i l k (n.) uneo pal manam, manathu enathu, m i n d (n.); heart; w i l l LoesTii Lcissrgl eresT^

m i r a c l e (n.) ^^S^IUIM ^pLj^LD athisayam, arputham arputhamdna acchariyam kannadi pdvam kumdri thimmathi thavaru thavaravidu

<S0I

kari mamisam amaippu marunthu

cooked meat (n.) LDfTLSfflii ^anLDLlL] (-0(75^^ m e c h a n i s m (n.); structure -

m i r a c u l o u s (adj.) ^pLf^wnssT ^fffflfllUlM semsmmqm i r a c l e (n.); w o n d e r m i r r o r (n.); glass(es) -

m e r c i f u l (adj.) karunaiyulla a m e r e something; a blank Qa/gl/LO verum

m i n e (what belongs to me) -

medicine (n.) meet (v.) 575^ santhi meeting (n.); crowd aSuL-L_iL melt (v.i.) unigu melt (v.t.) urukku (i,@<s, 2_(gg)) m e m o r y (n.) (S^fTLl6;LD ^anesrsLl nabagam, ninaivu -L^SI) kuttam

ennudaiyathu m i n e (in the earth) (n.) aprBJaiM surahgam m i n e (to dig from the earth) surangam
(- QgjL'.i

message (n.) ( dhuthu-c-Jcheythi messenger (n.) ^^ek dhuthan, ulogam murai(mai) matthiyanam m e t a l (n.) a_Gsu/Ti5li> m e t h o d (n.) (Lpemp(ss)LD) Lo^^iUfTssTLh ^S!ni_ idai m i d d a y (n.); noon m i d d l e (n.); interval -

m i s f o r t u n e (n.); sin; alas! urreuLD M i s s (title) -

vettu
,, QojLj!).)

(QLDrrfrl
Mrs.^q^LD^ ^QJgU ganiporul,

m i n e r a l (n.) aesflQLJn'(f^eh' seeflLDLD ffisl) kala - LD^^lfl

m i s s (one's target, etc.) (v.t.) (^aip, asaJ?Sl); 0eupeS}(gl

(-ti5)(_, - a S J i i g i )

ganimam (ffisu, ffisu/Eg/) manthiri

m i n g l e ( v . i . ) ; m i x with m i n i s t e r (of govt.) (n.) m i n u t e ( n . ) ; moment - nimisham (nimidam)

m i s s i n g (lost) (pred.) -

ansmuuitT^
kdrmppadathu m i s t (n.); fog; d e w L/csfl sSOJgu (gppii pani thavaru, kurram

m e m o r i a l (n.) ninaivacchinnam mention ( v . t ) ; specify (g^ui3(g] kunppidu

middle, c e n t e r /5(5) nadu,

/SCJlOsi;
rSeSleo

rmduve,
naduvil nailiravu.

m i n u t e (very tiny) (adj.) -

m i s t a k e (n.)

iSlsa^fflr^lU
^Cj-JLDfTesr

migacchiriya,
nupamdna

m i d n i g h t (n.) /SsfrsrS/rsv

94

95

mistake (v.) thavaraga ennu

(- ersHTfiOTT, - ersssrsusi?)

m o d e r a t e (adj.) rSl^irasTLDfresr nithanamdna m o d e r a t e l y (adv.) ^^/resTLO/riSS m o d e m (adj.) puthumaiydna, iS&3esr navina, tharkdla(tthiya) m o d e s t (adj.) ^L^AsLDtTetsT ^U-SSQfimea nithdnamdga

monkey (n.) (g/Tffi/g kurangu m o n t h (n.) LDrT3=LD {wn^LO) masam (mdtham) m o o n (n.) fleviT nils, /^csuoy nilavu, aTJ^iJ^ssr chanlhiran m o r e ; still, yet; furthermore ^ s a r e y / u a innum, etsresrQpLD innamum m o r e (adj.) ^^SiLDrrssr athigamdna m o r e o v e r (adv.); beyond ^ULjpLD appuram beyond (in space) ^LJLjpLb appuram m o r e o v e r , besides CoLogj/tb melum, esTsmiLD innum m o r n i n g (a.m.) (n.) ^^SirretDeo d a w n (n.) athikdlai

mosquito-net (n.) Qsirrsi- SI/OTIGU kosu valai m o s t (in number) (adj.) u5)L/Usu QweonesT miga-p-pala, meldna

mistaken (adj.) ^eUfpnesr thavardna mistakenly (adv.) eseuprrs thavaraga mister (Mr.); holy, divine ^(5 thiru mix (n.); m i x t u r e SsotJL/ kalappu mix (v.t) kalavaiyakku

mostly (adv.) ^^aLorrdj athigamdy, ^Q^SLons anegamaga m o t h e r (n.) ^^LOLDfr amma, ^fTiLl thdy, ^etfretnesr LDiTLQiurr^ ^mufsrrCSl annai mdmiydr thdynddu m o t h e r - i n - l a w (n.) m o t h e r l a n d (n.) motion (movement) (n.) ^es)ffGij asaivu m o t i o n (in a meeting) (n.); resolution ^ffLDfTesTLD thirmdnam m o u n t a i n (n.) LDSinsu malai, Sllfl girl m o u r n (v.t.) L/GOtbL/ pulambu [qeoibu, qeowiSl)

adakkamana, adakkamulla

modestly (adv.) ^L^AmLDrra adakkamaga modesty (n.); humility; unobtrusiveness ^L^SSlii adakkam modesty (n.); shame QeuiLsiLb vetkam m o m e n t (n.); minute nimisham (nimidam) M o n d a y (n.) thingatHlamai m o n e y (n.) uessTLD panam

i-^ss,

-^)

mixed (adj.) seVLJUfTetr kalappdna mob (n.) g i b u d ) kumbal m o d e r a t e (adj.) iB^UKTesT mithamana moderately (adv.) LSl^LDas mithamaga moderation (n.) lE^lis mitham composure (n.) jfl^rran'LD nithanam

vidiyarkalai mosquito (n.) fliss/r* kosu

96

97

m o u r n i n g (n.); bemoaning LjsDLbueb pulambal mouse (n.); r a t ereSl eli sundeli

m u c h , a lot of, excess ^^Xih ^djeuerreii athigam awalavu

m u s t (aux. v.)
QeilsmQtLD vendum

n a k e d (adj.) nirvanamana, ^onL^iupp

m u c h - that much, so much m u c h - this much, this many ^si/si/srro/

rSsmpiu iBseqih

m u s t n ' t (aux. v.) 3iJ-^rT0 kudathu mySTSsr en, gTsaTSg);gini_m

^nGesr thane,

adaiyarra

mouse (n.)
3KiisrQi-.eSI

iwalavu

m o u t h (n.) eumu ^<ss)a^ vay asai

m u c h , too much niraiya migavum

ennudaiya

move (vX); agitate -

myself (reflex, prou.) sTswa;(3<s enakke

m u c h , a lot very ij5)<5S miga very m u c h L8SS mikka perukku

n a k e d n e s s (n.) i^ffeurremLD nirvanam n a m e (n.); reputation Quajppeyar n a r r o w (adj.) @(75a!son"G!!r kurugalSna n a t i o n (n.); inhabited land
pfrQi nddu

move (v.i.); be a g i t a t e d asai

m y s t e r y (n.) vilangS-c-cheythi,

move (v.i.); d a n c e move a w a y (v.t.); p u s h ^<siTiQ thallu move (push object) (v.t.) [Ssp'^^ nagartthu a o v e aside (v.i.) f5!T nagar {tB&n, i^avm) move(n.)J5(si/t^ffisma movement (n.); campaign ^iu<sti iyakkam

LDP'LDLD
marmam

n a t u r a l (adj.) ^lueounasr iyalbana, ^

^iupenxiunresr iyarkaiyana iyalbaga,

multiply (v.t.); i n c r e a s e Qu(i^A(Q (G)u(75ffl, G)u(gfflffl)

m u l t i p l y (v.i.); i n c r e a s e Qu(i^(g perugu

suspense-packed (adj.) LD^LD marma m y s t e r i o u s (adj.) LDP'tDLDfTeu m y s t e r i o u s l y (adv.) LD/7LDLD/r marmamaga

sey

n a t u r a l l y (adv.) ^lueourrx

^lupetnsiurTs; ^lUptsina ^eiremLD n a v y (n.) suun)ues)L.

iyarkaiydga

marmanidna

n a t u r e (n.); disposition iyarkai thanmai

kapparpadai,

m u r d e r (n.) Qsirransv Qarremei) kolai Qa^iLl kolai

n a t u r e ; quality; condition

m u r d e r (v.t) N n a i l (metal) (n.) c^CTsfl ani

kolaiyali.

(- Qffiuio, - Qefiugi) nadavadikkai m u r d e r e r (u.) Qarremeviurrefii

Sii_n)UsinL-

kadarpadai

m u s i c (n.) S'lilS^lJD sangltham

nail (finger, toe) (n.); claw /jdSii nagam

n e a r (in space) (prep.) usa^^eo pakkatthil

98

99

nearU-SSLD pakkam n e a r (prep.) n e a r l y (adv.) SILLL-0SL-I kittatthatta n e a t (adj.) ap^LDrresT suuhamana neatly; regularly; efficiently s^^Lorra smhamaga necessarily (adv.) SI' I rriULDrTs; kattayamaga, ^eu&iULDirai avasiyamMga n e c e s s a r y (adj.) siLL^niULDnssr kattayamdna, ^euSiULDfTosr avasiyamana, Q^aneuiurrasT thevaiydna necessity (n:); urgency ^eil&iULCi n e c k (n.) S)ilz_ kim

n e e d (n.); n e c e s s i t y ( p ^ e ^ s i / thevai n e e d (aux. v.); w a n t -

n e s t (n.)

Geuemis^UJ vendiya don't need, don't want GajsisrL^mh venddm n e e d l e s s (adj.) avasiyamillatha n e e d l e (n.); inoculation
n e g o t i a t e (v.i.) oppantham n e i g h b o r (n.) pakkatthu

n e e d f u l (adj.) -

(3aJS55r(5)Lb vendum

n e u t r a l (adj.) nadunilaiydna n e u t r a l i t y (n.) l^Qt^anso nadunilai n e v e r (at n o time) oru pothumillai never m i n d , n o matter paravayillai n e v e r t h e l e s s (adv. & conj.) ^mn&illh analum n e w (adj.) Lfl puthu, L/^lU puthiya news (n.); subject m a t t e r G)<5F^(dSsrr) seythi(gal) n e v f s p a p e r (n.); m a g a z i n e u^@/fl<B!n65 patthirikkai n e x t (in time) ^^1 adutthu n e x t (in space) uAsi^^ pakkatthu n e x t ([an] other) iiWU maru, LOpp marra

a^(j) kadu

n i c e (adj.) igiULDlTesr

nayamdna,

aerS Usi

ufrsu/TuSsbsinsu

(- Guff, - Guffl)

pesu

arumaiydna n i c e l y (adv.); well r5SST(gi nangu, ^Q^emLDlUfTs; arumaiyaga n i g h t (n.) ^/Tsi/ iravu, ^jjrr^^ifl irdtthiri n i n e (n. o r adj.) pS57"Ug/ onbathu n i n t h (n. o r adj.) onbathavathu, onbathdm (adj. only) n i n e t e e n (n. o r adj.) patthonbathu n i n e t e e n t h (n. o r adj.) patthonbathdvathu, patthonbathdm (adj. only) n i n e t y (n. o r adj.) thonnuru 101

siLifTiuih

avasiyam

kattayam,

vlttdr,

kalutthu n e c k l a c e (u.) kalutthu mdlai, ff!BlS\e5\ n e c k l a c e (n.); g a r l a n d LDiremev mdlai

andai vlttdr n e i g h b o r i n g (adj.) uAs^^ pakkatthu neither -s-ih . . . ^eoeu -um . . . alia n e r v e (n.) rsryLDLf narambu 100

QarremmirTpi

ninetieth (n. or adj.) Qajaememninneiis,! thonnuravathu, QanTsssremrrpiTLD thonnuram (adj. only) no; not ^ s b e n s o illai noble (adj.) uyartharamana, perunthanmaiyana nobleness (n.); greatness S-iU^^rriJa uyartharam, Quq^mw perumai nobly (adv.) uyartharamdga, perumaiyaga noise (n.) a^^^LD sattham noisily (adv.); aloud a^^^Lorra satthamaga none; nobody (pron.) onram illathu, omvarum illai
Qu(<SS)LDlU!Td

noon (n.) LD^iuih mathiyam, LD^^lurTGHTLO matthiySnam, rgsssrusiiA) nanbagal normal (adj.); usual Quir^mrT^l^ pothumathiri, 3'fr^trp'assriX!fTssr satharanwnana north (adj.), northern SUL_ vada the north (n.) sui_(g vadakku nose (n.); beak fy)<K(g miikku nose-ring C-stud) (n.) fp @ P mukkutthi t ^ not (used attributively) ^ s b s u alia not s o ? ^eostneoiurr illaiya note (v.t.) ^nSlLJLSlQl kurippidu ,
( - @ 1 _ , -gjL.)

notice (v.t.); take care xeiieefl kavani notice (n.) ^^s&Ul-J arivippu notiiy (v.t.) ari Q^l^eSI therivi (Q^/flo51ffl, G)^iflsSI0gi) now (adv.) ^ijGurr ippo, ^iySuiTd ippdthu, ^iljQurr(Lp^ ippoluthu nowhere (adv.) engum illai nuisance (n.) Qssrrscemeii thollai number (n.) assign number(s) (v.) ffTSMT GlsrrQi en kodu (- QsirQiAa;, - QartQi^gi) number (v.t.); count
(eTGMTSHar, ersMrcinifl) <oT<STSsr en

obey (v.i.); calm down cg>/l_(E/(g adahgu obey (v.t); listen; a s k Qam kel (Gffiilffi, Gdsiigi) object (v.t.) ethirppu kUru
(- i6in),

objection (n.) -

- ffiiirS))

obligation (n.); duty sil^anui kadamai obtain (v.t.); reach; approach obtainable (pred.)
(^emt^tu, cgycnf^^)

ST^irUL/ ethirppu

nothing (n.) onrum illai zero (n.) L ^ u j t i ) bUjyam 102

eressTfmi emu

not obtainable (pred.) SlmiSiStT^ kidaikkdthu not available (pred.) y)L_iung/ kidaiyathu occasion (n.); t u m ^i_S!nsi/ thadavai occasion (n.); time; religion ffUiiuih samayam 103

S)ES)L_(g/i kidaikkum

oU (edible) (n._)^tsisiG\<oissriu enney oily (adj.) isj'sisfQemiLiu ums^\Lfeneir enney-p-pasaiyulla old (adj.); matureeppothdvathu uas)LpiU palaiya, occupy (space) (v.t) Qfi^iu muthiya ^L-{BiQsrrerr idangol old man (n.) (Q f rt, -QsneisrQi) - f ?sr SlLpeuek kilavan occupation; work; industry - old woman (n.) Q^fTi^d) tholil SlLfieSl kiiavi ocean (n.); sea on (prep.); on top of; forL.isb laidal Lfigj mithu, QLDSO mil, of (possessive) GtoGsu inele -_ni_ttJ -udaiya one (adj.); a, an (art.) offer (v.t.) 9 oru Qs;nQ\ one (thing) (u.) (Qn, Q / 7 ^ ^ ) ; e^eirgjj onru ^ s i f l all one (person) (^aSffiar, .^e^^) ^(i^ajp^ oruvar (m.f.), office (n.) s^Oa/sar oruvan (m.), ^^eueoxiii aluvalagatn 9(Y5^@ orutthi(f.) officer (n.); official onion (n.) <=Si/@65ff/fi athikari QeuiiismuLD vengayam often (adv.) only (one) ^U^sssuf. adikkadi, s^Sjr ore, UffO(Lpes)n} pdlamurai ^eeflGtU thaniye occasionally (adv.) sila samayangalil occasionally; sometimes eruGunQe^fT eppotho, 104

only (not more) oppress (v.t.) cSV(ip<B@ amukku UiLL(5)Lb mattum only (adv.), for one purpose ^ ( L p ^ ^ alutthu LDfT^^prili matthiram (^(^0, 5V(tf^^) open (v.t.) ^/p rfjfra 0/D,gjp/^) or; if not ^ebsu^ allathu open (adj.) or (otherwise) ^p^^ thirantha open (start) (v.) illSvittal, Q^/TL_/E/@ thodahgu ^siiiMrre)SIU).(FO illSvidil (Q^m-jiis, Q^iTLjiiS)) order (n.); (one's) turn openii^ (n.); entrance (Lpema) murai ajfTuSlA) vayil opinion (n.); idea, thought - order (command) (v.L) LL(_!nsrru5)(jl s;q^^l{mrj) karutthu(rai) -g)L(Si); kamlaiyidu (-)'-, opponent (n.) er^lfl ethiri ^emsmuSlQi Smiyidu opportunity (n.); chanceorder (n.), coimnand eurriuuL] vayppu, xiLL^anerr kattalai, ff^^^UULD santharppam ^messr anai opportunity (n.); occasion order (peaceful situation) ffLDlULb samayam ^eiS)LD^ amaithi oppose (v.t) ordered (adj.); disciplinedS7^/T ethir ^(S^nlL0^^J/r6W (s^!7ffi, ei^d^gd) amaithiyana, opposite, before (in space) 6T^/r ethir, er^Qir ethire, e^(Lpii/srre!ST oluhgana orderliness (n.) ej^rjneisr ethirana e^(Lgrki(eF, olungu 105

in an o r d e r l y m a n n e r (adv.) e^Q^iii'SrTa; o r d i n a r y (adj.) olungdga -

other, theother (pron.) LDprp Lopn^gJ tnarra, marrathu

o u t e r (adj.) Qeue/rl

o w n (v.t.); possess

veil

QuprSl(l$ perriru
(-g)(g, -^(sm) o x ( n . ) ; oxen; cattle ST(75^ eruthu, kalaimddu,

oven (n.) m o r e ^QiULj aduppu

other; different; what's satharana( mana) GeugjJ veru

over (above) (prep.) Qweo illdvittdl, illdvidil mel

o r d i n a r i n e s s (n.) -

otherwise (conj.); o r ^sosoiTsiSlLLirTso

arrstneiTLDn -

o v e r (across) (prep.) (g^sGs; kurukke

satharanam organization (n.); institution ^ODLDULl organize ^(SnLD amaippu (v.t.); establish amai -

LonQi

madu

g)susi)/r6i5)t9.sl) o u r (exclusive) eriajxerr

(adj.)

over (finished)

P
pace (n.); walk /5(S3)Z_

engal, engaludaiya mudi{vdna) o v e r t u r n (v.i.) ffl5)y) {m^Lp, nammudaiya (pron.) kavil a5)y)i5^) -

eTlilSier^ei!)L^UJ o u r (inclusive) (adj.)

nadai
pakkam -

p a g e (n.); side; v i c i n i t y ueiaiLCi

o r i g i n (n.); r o o t ^ s u t i mulam -

IBLD

nam,

[Blli(Lpe!nL^uj o u r s (exclusive) engaludaiyathu

o v e r t u r n (v.L) seSl^ kavil

p a i l (n.); bucket eunsB vdli

o r i g i n a l l y (adv.); at first

(i5?y>(K, . s n 5 ) y ) ^ ^ ) overturn (v.t) i_/{rL_(jl

{qiTUL^,

p a i n (v.i.); ache

sueSI vali
p a i n (n.); ache revolve-

muthanmuthaldga o r n a m e n t (n.) ^sssfi^seveir) o r n a m e n t (v.) (w/ clothes, jewels) ^emsfl ani

^esafi^^)

ours (inclusive) (pron.) !BLD(lfias)liU^ ani(galan) nammudaiyathii

purattu
L/irel^.)

be o v e r t u r n e d (v.i.); Lyfrsfr (L/jrerr, o w e (v.i.) kadan velippuram pural q[rsm(Si) pattiru

aieSl vali
p a i n f u l (adj.) eueSliunetsT valiydna

ourselves (excl., reflex, pron.) rBmsiaQen nShgale

ourselves (incl., reflex, pron.) rSnQlD out, name -

p a i n l e s s (adj.)

(^6S3fl<B,

eueSl ^sceon^
uil.tii.(s^) p a i r (n.); couple G^mq. jodi -

vali illdtha

o r n a m e n t (n.);jeweir)' flSSJiiS nagai

outside (n.)

QsL/srSuL/ffjti out, outside (adv.) veliye

(- U L a i ; . , o w n (adj.) Qs=n^^ Qa^n^^LnnesT sontha,

o t h e r (adv., p r o n . ) ; o t h e r w i s e LDipgxi rnarru

p a p e r (sheet) (n.) sonthamdna srT^s^Lb kdgitham

Qeve/HGiu

106

107

parents (n.) QupQpnir perrSr

passenger (n.) iSlijujnessfl (uiuicSJsff) pirayani (payani)

pay (v.t.) 3=LDuerTLD sambalam kodu (- (fl)<s/rC51:, Qan@0^)

percent

park (public garden) (n.) Lj^lRISfT puhgd

QsfrQi

ff^eS^LD (^ippLopp

sathavitham kurramarra oruvelai,

perfect (adj.); flawless perhaps (adv.) -

passionately (adv.) ^emffluiTS asaiyaga kadantha, irantha

parrot (n.) srS Hli

past (adj.) a;/_J5^

payment (n.) peace (pol. & psych.) (n.) ^enUD^ amaithl amaithiyana

QiSfrQi^^eo

kodutthal

e^(f^(Seijes)err
(^(fg3HTeo
xneoLD kalam,

part (n.); portion; region paguthi

orugal

period (of time) (n.) ffifraULJu^ kalappaguthi

partly (adv.) konjamnga

the past (n.) kadantha irantha kalam, kalam

peaceful (adj.)
^anLD^lurresr LDuSeo mayil

peafowl, peacock, peahen peanut (n.) (/^(a)ffi)i_S!nsi) (nila-k-)kadalai,

p e r m i t (v.t.) ^L/i/QiSfr idahgodu (-Q(r(51ffiffi, -QanQi^gS)

take p a r t (v.i.) uiii^ GlsrrefT pangu kol

QxrTew(^) (- QsashGrfj

particle (n.); droplet party (political) (n.) katchi

Qmu-Qi

sottu

p a t h (n.); way s u t ^ va/i patience (n.)

QurrguemLD ponimai

permission (n.) anumathi (anumathi) muyarchi,

(ver-k-)kadalai

patient (opp. of impatient) Qurrg}jss)LDUjrrsu

porumaiyana

party (pol.) (n.); association SLpsih kalagam

peg (n.); post; sprout, shoot (xpansTT mulai people (n.)

msiaiecT O^/flii/ib makkal theriyum therintha theriyathu theriydtha

perseverence (n.); attempt

(LpiupSl

vidd

muyarchi

patiently (adv.) porumaiydga

pass (v.L); cross L_ kada (i_,

(- Q^ciJeu, -

is perceived (pred.), visible perceived (adj.), visible not perceived, etc. (pred.) Q^lfliUfT^

ffii_^^); 6 5 i _ / 5 ^ G)a=sb kadanthu sel

Qffdffii^)

person (n.); man c ^ s r r si person (n.); people -

patient (medical) (n.) -

(Srsmuirefh
^^p'eij s^LDUeiTlSi

noyali

Qfil^^^

Guir per
personal (adj.), one's o w n sontha{mdna)

pass (an exam) (v.t.); qualify CS^giy f/ierw (G^p, G^jSl)

patronage (n.); protection dtharavu sambalam

pass (n.); passage-way L- sut^ kada-vali

pay (n.); salary -

unperceived (adj.), invisible -

Q^lfliurr^

picture (n.); f i l m (cinema)

UL^LD padam

108

109

piece ( n . ) ; slice; t o w e l gjemQi Pig(_n-)(JSJT/75) panri p i g e o n ( n . ) , dove qpfT pura thundu

p l a n (adj.); scheme ^L-lLD p l a n (v.t.) ^LLL_L8(St p l a n e t (n.) thittamidu thittam

p l e a s i n g (adj.) LSLS^^^LDITSST piditthamana, ^asfliu ^esTULD p l e n t y (n.) LSI(Q^ miguthi iiiiya inbam, santhosham

p o i n t o u t ( v . t ) , show (L.tiJ.)/Ttl(51 (sutti-k-)kattii {-siml^L., -srnlMf.) p o i s o n (n.) eSla^LD ^(e^3r visham, nanju

p l e a s u r e ( n . ) ; happiness -

Qsaea kal,
Slfxaiss uevaDS Qa=tf thalaiyani irakkam, karunai sedi giraham palagai p l a n k (n); board (wood) p l a n t (botanical) ( n . ) p l a n t (a tree, etc.) ( v . t ) ; f i x (a post, etc.) ^(Jl ^LLQ) {BfTiSLb nadu (jBi, !SL-(5)) tham nadagam vilaiySdu p l a t e (dish) ( n . ) ; tray p l a y (n.); d r a m a -

pffl(n.)(siru] ^essr matthirai thun

3=^G^rT<Si^LCi

p o k e ( v . t ) ; make e n t e r r^emtp nulai police (n.) sureneo kaval p o l i c e d e p a r t m e n t (n.) kavalthurai p o l i c e m a n (n.) SifTexisVff p o l i c y (n.) kavalar, pBliskarar kolkai arasiyam GurreSewsiiTrrir Offi/rSTTOTcB

pillar ( n . ) -

p l e n t i f u l (adj.) miguthiyana p o e m ( n . ) ; verse; s o n g UfTiA) Qa^iuiLjerr L/swsu/r p o e t (n.) <S5fflS) kavi, kavinar kavithai <Bai5)(Bj/j' pSdal, seyyul pulavar

p i l l o w (n.) ^emeoiuosisfl ^IXStSLD sq^eoem p i t i f u l (adj.) irakkamudaiya p l a c e ( v . L ) ; p u t ; keep <oS)GlJ vai (ensuffi^, anei/^^) p l a c e (n.) ^ L _ i i ) idam place (n.); s t a t i o n filaneiiUjLD QsKl/Lb nilaiyatn verum p l a i n (adj.); e m p t y ; m e r e p i t y (n.); mercy; sympathy

p o e t ( n . ) ; scholar

p l a y (v.L) eSletnerriUfrQi

p o e t r y (n.); poem

p o l i t i c s (n.) ^rjS\ujLD p o l l u t e (v.t.) mdsu-padutthu

(oSssterriurTL., cSlestariuiTiii.) p l a y f u l (adj.); f u n n y eSlssvsaturTLL-inssT vilaiyattdna please ( v . t ) ; m a k e h a p p y LDSlerraSI magilvi -

seSlecii^
qerre/a
55)J7 kur

p o i n t ( n . ) ; d o t , spot

pulli

p o i n t (sharp) ( n . ) p o i n t e d (adj.) si^Auj kuriya

(-u^^, -uO^g)
p o n d e r ( v . t ) ; t h i n k ; consider erememi
n",

ennu
ffifflEirsBafl)

no

p o o r (adj.) e^anLpiurresr e^rantp elai elai-makkal elaiyana p o o r p e r s o n (n.) p o o r p e o p l e (n.) S7S!ny)ioa;<5r p o p u l a r (adj.) LfaLprrasT pugalana p o p u l a t i o n (n.) makkalthogai p o r c h ( n . ) , verandah -

p o s s i b l e (aux. v . ) (Lpuj-iLjib QfiUj-iUirgl mudiyum n o t p o s s i b l e (aux. v . ) mudiyathu p o s s i b l e (adj.) mudiyakkudiya post (n.); position, rank p o s t ( m a i l ) (n.) ^urreo ^UfTO} thabal ^iSeh) thabal ab'is p o s t office (n.) p o s t m a n (n.) -

p o t a t o (n.) urulaikkilangu p o u n d (v.t.); s m a s h idi {^Uj-ma,

practise (v.t) ULps;(g

{uipam,
uipAaiM uu5lp&

uipaSi)

palakku

p r a c t i c e (n.); custom; habit palakkam practice (n.); training -

^ui4gi)
podiyakku

p o u n d (into powder) (v.t.) -

u^eSi

pathavi

QuiTLq-lUfT^S^
seaipgll ejipanm Qum^ urru

payirchi
pokku iqxifi, pugalcchi manradu
Lcmprru).)

practice (n.); habit; going Gu/T@ smpigl) L / y ) pugal p r a i s e (n.) Ljsipff^ LDesrpaQ^ p r a y (v.i.); implore podiyakku praise ( v . t ) ; glorify qsifi^gi)

p o u r ( v . ) ; flow d o w n {asnpp, p o v e r t y (n.) ebnai podi p o w d e r (n.) -

eSlpn^emgi
p o r r i d g e (n.) <ss(ff^^ kaiiji p o r t (n.) gles)p(LpSLD ua/(g eJems ^/ ih pafigu vagal idam

viranthai

StUneosnuasr
thuraimugam

thabal-karan

p o s t (a letter, e t c . ) ( v . L ) -

p o w d e r (pound into) (v.t.) Qumsj.UJrTsi(^ (-^jaa;, - ^ ) p o w e r (n.); authority ^^afTlTLb UGOLDfTSST ueVLDfTX ueoLD exieSlemLD shakthi athikaram balamana balamaga balam, valimai

^urrso

G)uLLLq.u5)A>

GurrQ
-

(w<mrpin-,
Q^LS Q^uth

p o r t i o n (n.); s h a r e p o r t i o n (n.); division; k i n d p o s i t i o n (place) (n.) possess (v.t.) -

thabal pettiyil pBdu (- C!u(n_, - GumlJSi) postpone ( v . t ) , put off 0errefHuQurTQi thalli-p-podu (-(5u/n_, p o t (any r o u n d e d vessel) -

p r a y (v.i.) jebl QsFiu Jebam sey

-QunCQi)

p o w e r f u l (adj.) p o w e r f u l l y (adv.) p o w e r ( n . ) ; strength -

(- Qffihiu, - Qefiugi)
p r a y e r (n.) -

@L_Lb

kudam patthiram pdnai

Qsrret kol
Qs^rr^^
Qa=nMSiLD

p o t (metal) (n.) -

p r e c i o u s (adj.); rare ^(Lb) aru(m), arumaiyana ^Q^eDLDtLHTesr ^Q^smLD arumai

Q^uih

jebam

(Qairsrrsrr, G)/rs5iir)

UfT0^[nh
urrmssr

possession(s) ( n . ) ; goods sotthu, sontham

(clay) p o t (n.) ^ ( f l o w e r ) p o t (n.) -

p o w e r (n.); e n e r g y -

preciousness (n.); rareness-

(L^)G)^/Tl4.

(pu-t)thotti

112

113

pregnant (adj.) <S(i^0^lfl00

SQ^0^lfl

press down (v.t.) karuttharittha

become pregnant (v.i.) -

sq^sQsrrsrr
{-Qarrarm,

karutthari

(^ap, ^(tpaSl) pressure (n.) -

^(LpA(Q

amukku amukkam

prison (n.) ansi^

p r o b l e m (n.)
^ss)p sirai

karukkol erpadu

preparation (n.); arrangement- prevent (v.t.) prepare (v.t.) (Lpeir<Setsripurr(S) (- ^pu/n_, - ^^UfTis^ prepare (malce ready) (v.t)
ayattham pannu (- UewTCTW, - UCOTTCiafl)
^lu^^LD uessrsmi

-l nO s fa - Tr )

prestige (n.); reputation

Qu(l5nLD perumai
fi&^gl) 0Q\ (65a,

^(ipAailh

^purrQl

rSlgU^^ nirutthu

munnerpadu

price (n.); c o s t pride (n.); prestige; etc. p r o u d (adj.) QuQ^anLDiLjerreir proudly (adv.) priest (X'ian) (n.) priest (gen.) (n.) 3=LDiUfQQ^ perumaiyaga perumaiyuUa Qud^emLD perumai

oSsinsii

vilai

prison ceU (n.) aSiffiy kiiru {sidp, sijSI) s n a s ^ ^enp kaithi arai, p r o d u c e (n.); result; gain ^anps^fflTemeo siraicchalai ueoeir palan privacy (n.); secrecy p r o d u c e (v.t.) [T'X&UJLii ragasiyam &-pu^^ Qa^iu urpatthi sey private (adj.); secret (- Qfffutu, - Qffiij^) ria&UJLDfTesr ragasiyamana production (n.); developmentprivately (adv.); sectetiy S-pu^^ urpatthi jTS^lULorrs ragasiyamdga professor (n.) private (adj.), personal Gurrrr^ifliupperasiriyar ^asfluuLLL^ thanippatta, profit (u.); reward; usefulness Qm^fi sontha L/lL/sJr payan privately (adv.), individually - profit (n.); g a i n privilege (n.); right, claim prize (n.); reward p r o b a b l e (adj.) &jfle!nLD urimai U/flcKparisu, Qsiy@LO@ vegumathi ^ssfluUL^ thanippada, Qa^n^^LDrrs sonthamaga "^sotTULD

kaithi,

proclaim (v.t) -

iSlirffa^sinasr

piracchanai

present (give) (v.t.) be present (v.i.) present (tlie time uov;') (n.) press (for printing) (n.) j^ai^arreOLD nigalkalam

profitable (adj.) sorrusfTLniTasr @L_L_li ^CL-LD thittam

labam

QairrQt kodu

p r o g r a m (n.); project project (n.); program p r o m i s e (n.)

eiJfr(gffj;^
thittam

labagaramana

Stmei)

GufT^'X^

pSthagar
samayaguru

p r i m e minister (n.) ^ffs^aih acchagam pirathamar, press (together)(v.t); squeeze - LSlpr^LO^

p r o b a b l y (adv.) QuqgLDUfT^ih ^GrS'SLDfTS

m^^iumrrssr

satthiyamana -perumbalum

p r o m i s e (v.t)

vakkuruthi

Q^(s;(ffi

(Q/5(i5<B<K, (o)^(/5<5S))

nerukku

pirathama

manthiri

most p r o b a b l y (adv.) -

eL/fr(gQ/T(4) vakku-k-kodu

anekamaga

114

115

p r o p a g a n d a (n.) i3!}'ffffr[rj'lh p r o p e r (adj.) a^ifliurresr fffUlunsi QurTQ^^^ p r o p e r (adj.) porunthamdna, ^ScK ^@/5^ fflff/r^jS/ thakka, thaguntha sotthu sariyana sariySga porunthu p r o p e r l y (adv.) be p r o p e r ( v . i . ) ; b e suitable piraccharam

p r o t e c t i o n ( n . ) ; patronage ^^p^isij srreueo ST^pr atharavu kaval ethir(,si^fAs, si^i^gi) p r o t e c t i o n (n.) p r o t e s t ( v . L ) ; oppose -

p u b l i s h (v.L) QsurSu5)(5) (-)-, -g)L-) p u l l (v.L); drag; i n h a l e p u m p ( w a t e r , etc.) ( v . L ) ^pn)J erru {^pp, ^rjjjil) p u m p (n.) yanthira-k-kulay p u n i s h (v.L) ^emiq.
(assiairifffiffi,

p u r i t y (n.); whiteness veliyidu QeiiessrsmLD p u r p o s e (n.) Qr^lTSf^LCi nokkum

venmai

p u r s u e ( v . L ) ; c o n t i n u e ; take u p Qs^rTL-p(Q^iTL.rr, thodar Q^nii^si) pinthodar

p r o u d (adj.) )u(75einLo(iiysfrsyr) perumai(yulla) p r o u d l y (adv.) perumaiyaga p r i d e (n.) Qu(!^es)LD p r o v e (v.t.) rS\^l3 QLDIUULS
(QuituOiSaa,

pursue (v.L); follow -

iSleirQ^mlj
{-Q^tjL^fT,

-(o)^n'jL_iJ755y)

pursue (v.L); c h a s e ^<J^1 dhuratthu

dhandi
^eis!tii.0i);

perumai

p r o p e r t y (n.) propose (v.t.) " S ^ g U kilru (>JD, ai.55)) p r o p r i e t y ( n . ) ; respect sj(y)/5/@ oluhgu prosper (v.i.); live Giirrlp vol {sUlTLp, GUtTI^^^)

s^tsssTL sa^cw ^<oJ^ dhandanai all (- ^5r9ffi, ^em^gj) dhandanai manavar vangu p i m i s h m e n t (n.)

p u s h (v.t.); remove ^srrisyj

(0eiieiT,

thallu
^errsiS)

nirubi meyppi
QLDiuiJi30gi)

p u t (v.t.); throw GurrQi podu ( G u m _ , Gu/TL.) p u t ( v . L ) ; place; keep etneu vai {enojoa, p u t d o w n (v.t.) enai0i)

^essrismesr
LDfTessroj^ ojnrsJtQ

p u p i l (n.); s t u d e n t purchase (v.L), buy {ammm, amiiiSi) p u r e (adj.) a^^LDirevr sutthamana

p r o v i d e (v.L); give QarrQt kodu (Q/T(ilffi, QarrQi^gi) p r o v i s i o n (n.) ^fflfl^^su QurT^(eurresr) p u b l i c a t i o n (n.) Qeue/HuSlQi^eo QajefiluSQi veliyiduthal, veliyldu alitthal pothu(vana) p u b l i c (adj.); c o m m o n ; u s u a l

p r o t e c t ( v . t ) ; save StTUUrrpgi] ^^trai ^efil kappdrru atharavu all (anuunpp, s>rruuiTpi&y, (- ^nSffiffl, ^eS^gd);

^/Da;(g irakku
(g)pffl, g)isg!) p u t o n (v.t.); w e a r ^essfl ani udutthu

^rjll-Sl

iratchi

p u r i t y ( n . ) ; cleanliness Si^^LD suttham, L^esfls^lh punitham

116

117

qualitj' (n.); character; health (gswUD gunam ^eiranLD thanmai

quick (adj.); soon Bs;S\!Xlh

QeusiLDrmsin

ffsSlp'LDrrisw

slkkiram,

railway station (n.)

quality (n.); condition; nature - quickly (adv.) quantity (n.) -

vegamdna

sikkiramana,

irii5)si)
rayil

rain (n.) LDsmLp

fflaneoiuLD nilaiyam

r e a c h (v.t); approach; g e t ^S3iL_

STL.(5)

adai

r e a c h (v.L); reach f o r pey

quarrel (n.); fightquarrel (v.); fightquarter (1/4) (n.); f o o t quarter part (n.) queen (n.) kal pagam jr/rssirf? rani, ^rrS\
srreo kal

^erreij

&SiSl[nDrT3i QsusLDnsi

alavu

ffswsiDL

sandai

quiet (n.)*; peacefulness quiet (adj.); peaceful

^e^LD^iurresr ^es)LD^ aimithi amaithiyana

viraivaga

eSlenrjeunsi I eSlmijeSleCi
/ viraivil

sikkiramaga, vegatndga,

rain (v.i.) S-iUff^^ i^^gy

LDe!S)Lp malai

(- Quiljtu, ~ Qutu^) raise (v.L) erru

Qudj

r e a c h (v.i.); join with malai

ettu (TLa_, m l ^ - )

QffSl ser (CSffjT, Ga'fi^gi); QufTiLl GffiT poy ser ei^^^^U^ ethirtthadi

sandaiyidu

(a-ujff-^, s-m^) raise (v.t.); lift; pump (up) r a n k ( n . ) ; positionrapid (adj.) GeusiLDnesT

uyartthu

react (v.t); 'hit back' r e a d (v.t); study Ulsf, padi

(ffi^ff^ii^,

^a00'^fSl)

quote; expressing (thus) -

rabbit (n.); hare ((QL^)(LpujiA}

toTsir en (sTor, ffresr^)

U^'sSi

pathavi

surrS\
r e a d i n g (n.)
UUfJJLI

race (v.i.); run quickly vegamaga

(kuli)muyal

r a r e (adj.); precious ^({LD)

eSlasyff^^

vegamana, viraintha

ready; readiness (n;) -

padippu

question (v.t); ask Gffisfr kel ((SaCs, G ' I 1 ) ; (- GmCs, - QmC) question (n.) G6iri5i5) kelvi

Qsuanarres s^(5)
odu

9 ( i l ddu

(^[_,

^if);

rareness (n.); preciousness r a t (n.); m o u s e Ts6) eli r a t e (n.); p r i c e -

^q^enwiurran'

radicalism (n.); intensity kelvikel

arumaiyana real (adj.) QLDIUU-rresr meyyc ^q^(SS)LCs arumai s _ s w i LDiurreisr un.a!\ana

aru(m),

^lU^^LD Syattham, ^tunfr thayar

GserrsSI Gaerr

railroad (railway track) (n.) iruppu-p-pathai

^ajprih

thivaram

reality ( r . , really (ad\ S-ismeiS)L

s-sisrec. o unnuii
lUfTX unma -r^a

oSsmso

vilai

118

119

r e a l k e (v.t.); recognize r e c o r d i n g (n.); registration _S5iirff unar {suemir, s-emi^gi) L / ^ o y pathivu r e a s o n (n.); cause r e d (redness) ( n . ) snfjemCa kdranam ^exiUL) sivappu r e a s o n a b l e (adj.) r e d (adj.) Hj/nuLDfresr niyayamana ^eu^^ sivantha r e b e l (n.) >KSU65<5<ss/rrssr kalagakkdran r e f o r m ( v . t . ) 0^(3^^ slrthirutthu r e b e l (v.t.) r e f o r m (n.); i m p r o v e m e n t -

r e g i s t e r (n.) r e g i s t r a t i o n (n.); r e c o r d i n g r e g r e t (v.i.) -

palhivu-p-pusthagam u ^ Q / pathivu kavalaippadu

(-ui_, -uilgi);

r e l e a s e (v.t.); leave; a b a n d o n Sl5?(51 vidu (n5)i_, OSLLIJ)) r e l e a s e (n.) r e l e a s e (v.t.) Q5)(515)

eSQl^eO viduthal, QSIQXSSIULI viduvippu viduvi

tSL;s!ncuuu(51

(o5)(ileiS, siS)(J)a5)jl^) r e l i g i o n (n.); o p p o r t u n i t y r e m a i n (v.i.); wait; b e r e m a i n (v.i.); lie a r o u n d S)z_ kida (Sli_, Sti-^gj) r e m a i n (v.i.); stay r e m a i n d e r (n.); excess r e m e m b e r (v.t.); t h i n k -

(ethir-k-)kilarcchi sey Qu^

r e c e i v e (v.t.); g e t -

r e f u g e (n.) -

^/j-@(/5^S5ii

sirthiruttham

r e c e i v e (v.t.); b u y ; g e t r e c e n t (adj.) -

peru (Qup, Qupsn)

suff/i/gj vaAgu {euiTiiia, ojiTiiiSi) ffLSu^0UJ

r e f u g e e (n.)

USeSll ih pugalidam, s=rTsmLC> saranam agathi

r e g u l a r (adj.) -

varuttham therivi (- Q^/flofl, - Q^/S^psi) (Lpes)pujrresr muraiyana, ^(Lpiii^xrresr olungana Qpemp murai (^(LflBJsrTS olungaga

ff=LDtUlJD samayam

r e g u l a r i t y (n.); o r d e r -

thahgu {0mis,0miSl)

r e c e p t i o n (n.) -

samibatthiya

r e f u s e (v.t.); d e n y -

Logu maru

r e g u l a r l y (adv.); orderly reject (v.t) -

mithi

r e c o g n i z e (v.t.); realize -

surjQeupLf

varaverpu

s^emir UTiar

r e g a r d (n.); respect LO^ULj rnathippu r e g i o n (n.); part r e g i o n (n.); circle r e g i s t e r (v.t.)

(- QcFtUlU, -

r e c o r d (n.); n o t e -

{sL-smg, a.essrff^gi)

U ( g @ paguthi

r e c o r d (v.L); note

(^i^ULj kurippu

euiLlLD vattam
QfflLI^)

<S^^Si

kuritthu vai (- tsiaiss, - esiai^i) 120

u^exj Qa=iu pathivu sey

r e j e c t (v.t.); turn a w a y ninaivu padutthu U)njy maru [wi^ma, Logu^gl) (- u(Si^, - u(Si0^) t h r o w a w a y (v.t.) 'Do you remember me?' ^OT(e5 thallu (fienetT, ^rst9) r e l a t i o n s (relatives) (n.) Ennai ninaivirukkirathd? r e m i n d (v.t.) .a^ihu^^lh sambantham rUmemoj^lLQi ninaivuttu r e l a t i o n s h i p (n.) -

6 ! ! ^ kali {mifl&si, aifi^gi)

{flaneu ninai i^enesrAa, /SfinEW^aa);

_/OSi/ uravu

(-aflTLL.,

-smCvi.)

121

r e m o v e ( v . t ) ; take o f f ^{fiP&J kalarru

r e p l y (n.);answer U0t<so pathil

rescue (n.) <^TS\L.9\^^<so iratchitthal, iratchippu

restless (adj.) (^lueSistiisorT^

oyvillatha

r e p l y (v.) remove (v.t); pick up -

6T(J1 edu (srSlaa,

/fi55@ nikku r e n o w n (n.); fame L/ffiZp pugal

n^^)

U^sb dsn
report (v.t) (,^g5)si57<sffi, r e p o r t (n.) ^ffS<SSiD<B Qffiu^

pathil

kodu

^jrtl^lJL/

restaurant (n.) a.sssT'Si/iSSii) ffl5?(51^ unavagam,

(- QairCgiAa;, - QmrrSi^gi)

research (n.); investigation

remove (v.t);.dismiss(fiss,$aSi) -

^g^aSl

^CrrrtuffS)
araycchi

SrSycchi

viduthi

arlvi ^i^tsS)^^)

do r e s e a r c h (v.) -

restrain (v.t); control ^ l _ c B @ (^i_ffi, adakku ^uASl)

sey Qa^iugi) ef^gl); oppagu

r e n o w n e d (adj.); famous LjSLpfresr repair (v.t) fl Qffiu sari sey pugaldna

arikkai,

(- Qa^iiiiu, -

r e s t r a i n t (n.); obstacle ^S5)l_ thadai

seythi

r e s e m b l e (v.t.) o (5,

repress (v.t.); restrain cSyL_@ adakku

result (n.); effect LKoCGST palan

epuuiT(^

(- Qffiutu, - Qffiiigi); U(iglU!Tppaluthu-par

(^(_ffi, ^ ( _ ) r e p r o d u c e (fr. memory) (v.) S^ULSI oppi QufTeO pol iru

r e s u l t (n.) (LptSj.eil r e t i r e (v.i.) e^^rsj^ mudivu othungu

((nar)peyar ^^LDrresrih

- Sims')
thlrmSnam

repeat (action) ( v . t ) -

LD^ULSf.
marupadi LSeisrQiLD mindum (- Qffiiitu, -

QsPiU sey Qffiugi);

r e p u t a t i o n (n.); name

resolution (n.); d e c i s i o n -

(rSn))Quujpi

r e p u t a t i o n (n.); prestige Qa^iir Quq^esiLD request (v.t) (3sn- kel (GxiLs, r e q u e s t (n.) Gsmflsema korikkai, perumai

respect (n.); propriety LDlfliurran^ mariydthai

retire (someone) ( v . t ) (^lusij Qsn oyvu kodu (- QanQiAa, QmnQi^gi)

LSemQiiii
mlndum sey

r e s p o n s i b i l i t y (n.) Qurr^ULi poruppu poruppulla

r e t i r e m e n t (n.) oyvu ^Ql^Lbq peruthal thirumbu

r e p e a t ( w h a t w a s said) (v.) LDgiJULq.iLjih marupadiyum (- Qsneoeo, e^UlSI (guiSsd!, oppi ^ULS^)

G^ilgl)

Qff/ra)
sol QsiraisSI)

r e s p o n s i b l e (adj.) QufTg^iULjeherr

r e t u r n ( g o back) (v.i.)

(5sijis55r(Ji(3ffin'sir rescue (v.t) ^{TLL^ iratchi

vendukol

rest (relaxation) (n.) <^iueif oyvu -

repeat; reproduce (fr. m e m o r y )

rest (relax) (v.i.) <^dj oy

r e t u r n (come back) (v.i) ^(LDL9 (- ojn, sun oj^gi) thirumbi va

122

123

r e t u r n (give back) (v.t.) -

r e v e n g e (n.) -

thiruppi-k-kodu (-QsirQims, -QsirQi^gi)

rice (unhusked) (n.) Q / 5 s b nel rice(husked, but u n c o o k e d ) rice (cooked) (n.) Qs^rT(!^
ffTT^LD

take r e v e n g e (v.t.) - ojiTiiiS) r e v o l t (v.i.) (- euiTiija,

ULp pali, ULflAf^u Ulfi palikku-p-pali

^tfl^

arisi

palikku-p-pali vangu

rich (adj.); w e a l t h y riches (n.); w e a l t h -

soru, satham

Q^GOeuQperrefr selvamulla

Qs^eiieuLD selvam rich p e o p l e (n.) qr^C&\ puratchLsey Qffeoaj^^pr selvanthar (-flffiuiu,- Qffuj^); rich m a n (n.) uessrAxirtxeir panakkaran <SSDti) Q f f i u kalagam sey
(- Qs^iutu, Qa^tugi)

r e v o l u t i o n a r y (adj.) r e v o l u t i o n a r y (person) (n.) r e v o l v e (v.i.); b e overturned L/JTsfr pural {Ljprar, L/jTsrar)) r e w a r d (n.); profit r e w a r d (n.) QKUQLD^

rich v c o m a n (n.)

puratchigaramana

ride (in. a vehicle) (v.) -

uemssmfl

panakkari

puratchikknran Uiueir payan

ride (on a n i m a l o r i n vehicle)

vaganameri-c-chellu (-Q3:a)eo, -Qffsagu) ffOJlTlfl QfflU

flfflLMy)

riot (v.) right (adj.); c o r r e c t assDffitb uejsremi fflfliUfTesT sariyana, kalagam pannu GrSCrrrasT nerana. (- Utoa'fllbaor, - L/swcBufl) righteous (adj.) (Srsp'mLDUJrresr nermaiyana rip (v.L); tear o f f Sll^ kili (g)f^ffi, glyS^iH) righteousness (n.) b e ripped (v.i.) Q^fsesiia nermai kill (Sttfiiu, Stifi^si) r i g h t (side) (adj.) rise (sun, star) (v.i.) eusvLDfrasr valamana, LirpuuQi purappadu eueo^Lfrp valathupura (-ui_, -uCQi) right (side) (n.) r i s e (sun) (v.i.) valathu (pakkam) sS\ls^ vidi (nS)L^(u, ciSujJB^) m a k e right (v.t.) r i s e (from bed) (v.i.) 3=lfl GlffUJ sari sey <oT(Lg elu (sTip, ^(ip^gi) (- Glffiiitu, - Qffdj^) r i s e (go u p , climb) (v.i.) r i n g (v.L); h i t 6T(y)[iL/ elumbu ^isj. adi i^uf.as, (i(ynbu, erftgihiSf); ' R i n g t h e bell.' mani adi I adiyuhgal. r i n g (on finger, toe) (n.) GLon^lTLD mothiram r i n s e (clothes, vessels, etc.) c 5 / < 5 U * alasu {^013:, ^eo^) r i n s e (v.); w a s h (not laundry) tXQpeiJ kaluvu ((y)su, a^yiaS) riot (n.) GLDCDSU

savarisey

(- QiFIUlU,

river (n.) r o a d (n.); h i g h w a y r o b (petty) (v.L) -

(- Qfl^co, - Qifrcngy)

Qffec mele sel

ride (n.) -

QsiiQUJffsir/i

vegumathi, r i g h t (n.); claim vegumanam a_/fls!nu3 urimai 124

{FeurrA savari

QrjrT(S\ ^ / r o i s u salai ^ ( 5 ( 5 thirudu O!-, g'^)

Qa/TsyrsinfflTli/Uf. koljaiyadi

r o b (grand l a r c e n y ) (v.L) -

xeosLD

kalagam

125

royal (adj.) Urr^ixiDrrasr rajangamana, S-(LLQI urum ^p'ffpr<S(gif)uj arasarkkuriya be rolled over (v.i.) royalty (n.); kingdomL/zrerr pural {qiren, Lftrmr) c?i//r<S arasu _ rub (v.L) roof(n.)^ e i n z _ thudai (5LO/oi.S!0/r merkurai room (n.) Q^lLi they ^anp ami be rubbed away (v.i.) Q^ij they (Gasiu, Q^ih^gi) large room (n.); hall rubber (eraser) (n.) aSiILO kSdam 'prijup'' rappar root, origin (n.) ^eOLJa mulam
126

robber (n.) @(75_sJr thirudan, QsfTsfrsmeassrrp'eir kollaikkdran robbery (n.) ^(yjtlg) thiruttu, QiXrreireinerr kollai rock (n.); gema<sc kal large rock (n.); hillock urremp parai rocky (adj.) urretnpiun'asr pdraiyana, spurremp karpami rod (n.); barthadi roll (v.L); make roll-

root (of a plant) (n.) Qeil^ ver rope (n.), string <S(i5)njy kayiru rough (adj.) murattuttlianamana, Q<srr^^ eSluurrm konthalippana roughly (adv.) murattutthanamdga round (adj.) si/LLL-iO/rssr vattamSna round (around) (prep.) 3?pn9epiLD surrilum

ruffian (n.) (Lpp'L-eir muradan ruin (n.); misfortune Qs;($i kedu,^ifia^ alivu be ruined, spoiled (v.i.) (o)<ss(51 kedu
(QL_, Glail);

rule (n.); fate aS)@ vithi run (v.i.)

S

^(5> 0^" (gi-> 94-)

QaiLQi QUIT kettu po (- Gurra, - Gumii) ruin (v.L); (v.i.); be lostspoilbe ruinedkedu (o)65(il Q^fToneo tholai ruin (v.L); kjU; lose Q^fTsmsu tholai be ruined (v.i.); perish ruin (v.t.)
^ifi

sack (n.); bundle gptlEiDL muttai. sacred (adj.) L/ssfl^LD/rasr punithamana sacredness (n.); holiness L/ssfl^LD punitham sacrifice (n.) ^lurraih thiyagam sacrifice (v.) ueSli&Qi baliyidu (uaS!u5)i_, usfluSlL); ^lurraih Qffiu thiyagam sey sad (adj.)'(- Qa^iuiu, - Q&iiig!)

ueS} ball,

^ifi

ali (^ySttj, ^ifi^gi)

all i^ifl&a, ^ifi^si')

rule (n.); administration ^L-S) atchirule (v.t.); govern ^ ^LLffl Qa^iLl atchi sey rule (n.) (- Qffiuiu^ - Qffiugj') S=LLIIJ> sattam

dhukka(gara)mana sadness (n.) ^smiM dhukkam safe (adj.) u^^P'LDnesi patthiramana safely (adv.) U^^p-LDtra patthiramana 127

^s;si{ap)LDrTe!ST

safety (n.); security u^^rjLB patthiram sail (v.i.) kappalil sel

suusSieo Qa^so

sapling (n.) G)3=Ufl sedi satisfaction (n.)", fulfilment-

(mana)niraivu, ^ ( T J L / ^ thirupthi SL.eSlpLSp'UjrTesnh Qs^iu satisfy (v.t.) kadalirpirayamm sey ^(J5Ij^-Qa=IU thirupMsey (- Qffiiiiu, - Qfftugi) (- Qffiijiu, - Qsiugi) sailor (n.) Saturday (n.) LDrr^LB malumi, 3=asfl^SlLps!nLD sanikkilamai suuQecmLu^ kappaWtti save (v.t.); protectsalary (n.) anuunnjgn kapparru ffWUeiTLD sambalam {snuunpp, smJunprSI) sale (n.) savories (n.); snacks eSlpuemesr LUSoarTlXLa palagaram virpanai say (v.); teU saliva (n.) ffTcor en (ffrcsr, crcsrffi/); ST#^d) ecchil Qffireo sol (Q^rraiea, Qffrra)^) salt (n.) say (v.t); speak (Su3i pesu (Gus:, GuSf) S> I'lLj uppu saying (n.); word; l a n g u a g e same (of one type) (adj.) Qwrrifi moli proverb (n.) s^(3p' LDfT^ifliurrasr ULpQlDfTL^ pala-moli ore mathiriyana s a y i n g . . . ; expressing ...; quote the same (an identity) (n.) ore thanmai ^loSrrni enru sandals (n.) scene; sight; appearance (n.) Qa^q^ULj seruppu SfTlL^ katchi 128

{Lnesr)riletsipeij

scheme (n.); plan ^ILL^LO thittam scholar (n.); p o e t Lfsoeu^ pulavar scholarship (expertise) (n.) LjeoemLD pulamai school (n.) palli{-k-ku4am) science; field of knowledge ^l^sSliueo ariviyal scissors (n.) katthiri(kkol} scorn (v.) Qeygu veru (fflsug/ffi*, Qeuiru^gi) scream (v.i.) ^eogil alaru {^evp, =3ysuj5)) scream (n.) ^etipeo alaral sculpture (n.) S\n)ULD sirpam sea (n.); ocean SL-tso kadal search (v.t); look f o r G^Ql thedu
(CS^L, G^^.)

seashore (n.); seaside t95i_j)i5SS5icr kadarkarai season (n.); time, era dS/rsuti) kalam time of year (n.) uqgeuLD paruvam, U(5sufrsULb paruvakalam seasoning spoon (n.) talippu-k-karandi seat (n.) ^a=esrLO asanam second (l/60th of a minute) sSlesini^._ vinadi second (sifter 1st) (n. or adj.) irandavathu,

irandam (adj. only) secret (n.); secrecy, privacy p'sSltULD ragasiyam secret (adj.) rra&UJLDlTeiST ragasiyamana secretly (adv.) !X3;\ujLDlTSi ragasiyama secretary (n.) Qffiueonenir seyalalar sector (n.); department ^es>ip thurai 129

security (n.) srreuiA) kaval,

urTi3i[Tuq pathukappu -

send (v.t) ^^lllLj anuppu

see (v.t.); find o u t XfTessr kdn (arrsm, mmr(^)

(^SUuu, ^gi/utS) sense (one of the 5 senses)

Ljsoeii pulan aimbulangaf) (^LOLjevmixdr

be separated (v.i.); depart tS/fl piri (iSSiii, i3ifl$gi) separation (n.) tS/flsi/ pirivu

seventh (n. or adj.) ejifirraj^ eiavathu, (^LpfTLD e/am (adj. only) seventeen (n. or adj.) U^QesT(Lg pathinela

separable (adj.) pirikkakkudiya series (a number of things) Q^ni^ thodar sermon (n.) pirasahgam serve (v.L) usssfl QfflU pani sey
(- Q^iliiu, - Qs^ihgi);

see (v.t.); look; t r y Unrp' par {uirp-aa, urrir^gi)

seventeenth (n. or adj.) pathinelavathu,

sensation (n.) a.sssr/T'JS unarcchi see (v.i.); understand Q^ffl then (Q^/fl, Q^ifl^gi) perceptible (adj.) s^emp'S^Sl iLjeketr seed (of plant) (n.) eSieme^ vithai, eSl^gi vitthu unarcchiyulla perceptibly (adv.) seek (v.t); look f o r e s ^ thedu (Qist-.G^u).); n5ff(Fl "adu (j5fri_, (jn-ii}.) seem (v.i.) CS^/reJwj/ thonru
unarcchiyaga

U^GssTLpniJa (adj. only) seventy (n. or adj.) pathinelam STQ^U^ elubathu

seventieth (n. or adj.)

eT(Lpus5rreij^
eluhathavathu,

sentence (in law) (n.) ^ffULi thlrppu

(G^narp, G^/rsJrn})) seize (v.L); catchLSIUJ. pidi t3ij.0gi) select (v.t); choose; electG^p-pQ^Q'themthedu ' (-sjglffiffi, -erSi^gi) selection (n.) Gs^eij thervu self (reflex, pron.)
^rreir than

sentence (pass judgment) (v.) thirppu-c-chol

Q^iremQi Q<s=iu thondu sey service (n.) elubatham (adj. only) usissfl pani, several (on the more side) Q^neisr thondu U S D pala set (v.t); place several (on the less side)
emeu
^onLD

separate (adj.) thanimaiyana

vai (aneuisa, anoj^gi)

amai

^su

sila

settle (v.t); adjustseparately (adv.) thanitthaniye

severe (adj.) kadumaiyana severity (n,); harshness sQ\a!)LD kadumai

become settled (v.i.); suit ^esiLD amai

separate (v.t); divide i-5)/fl piri

sell ( v . t ) eSleo vil (eSlps, aSpgy)

seven (n. or adj.) ^(iP elu

sew (v.t.); stitchan^ thai

130

131

sewing macliine (u.) thaiyal mashin shake (v.t); agitate^es)ff asai shake (v.i.); sway cSyanff asai shaking (n.) ^ejna^ay asaivu shake (out dust, water, etc.) utharu { s . ^ , a^jS) shake (v.i.); tremble fBli'( nadungu shake ( v . t ) ; cause to tremble ^ ( 5 ) @ nadukku shaky (adj.) /5(5)/5/(gS)fl3

shape ( v . t ) _(J5UfriB(g

uruvdkku

(-=%, -^m
share (n.); portion uiij(g pahgu share (to give a part) (v.t.) urilSlQi pangidu share (to take a part) ( v . t ) i_//sj@ QxrrerT pahgu kol (- QsirmetT, - Qffi/rswSl) sharp (adj.); pointed U^UHTSST pathamana, a^/fliL) Si^rrrssr kuriya, kumna,

sheep (n.) QffLDLDf^ semmari adu sheep/goat (n.) ^ Sdu * pirakashi (L5lr/rSa5, ship (n.) muueo kappal ship (v.t.) (kappalil) (- .gl^Liu, anuppu - ^^uiS) iSI[r3in^0^) shine (v.i.) -

shopkeeper (n.) me!i)L_asn[rpr kadaikkarar shore (n.); b o r d e r 6ian[r karai kurugiya, kuraivana kuttaiydna short (adj.); deficient (ggliSlUJ ^einpeurrasr

short (in length, height) (gtLsjnt-HJfrssr shorten ( v . t ) ; cut off

(gSiDjE) kurai (@6!nj), (gsmp^^) be shortened (v.i.), cut o f f ((ganfriu, Knjr/5^) shortness (n.) @6ffsrni) kullam should QQjeisn4.UJ^ vendiyathu shoulder (n.); upper arm Q^mst thol shout (v.i.) Si^ffj katthu ( f f i ^ , ^ ) shout (n.); loud cry ai^a^a^eo kucchal show ( v . t ) ; point o u t xrnLQi kattu (as/rCi-, (rC^.)

Os^einLDiurresr kurmaiyana sharply (adv.); pointedly u^LDfTS pathamaga, Oa^mLCilimsi kiirmaiyaga sharpen (v.t) 3i>.[riTS(g kurakku ( - ^ , -^g)) sharpness (knife's edge, etc.) U^lh patham, shiffmUD kurmai she (prou.) ^euerr aval (familiar), ^eup' avar (polite), ^eiip^snar avargal (v.-pol.)

shirt; blouse (Europ. style) <s=L_OT)(_ sattai shock (psychological) (n.) .>=IV@/r#^ athircchi shock (v.) ^(5)ffiL_<#QiF(ij thidukkida-c-chey
(-Gta^iiiiu, -Qiriugi)

naduhgugira

shame (u.); modesty OeuilasLD vetkam shameful (adj.) vetka-k-kedana shape (n.); image; form S-(lgeuili univam, (iprt^^ murtthi

shoe (n.); sandals G)ff(75lJL/ shoot (v.t) seruppu

(5) iudw (i_, L.S)) shop (n.) i B S J n i kadai

132

133

show (n.), exhibitiottshrink (v.i.); w r i n k l e ff(5/SJ(g surungu shrink (make small) (v.L) cS<75<E@ sunikku shut (v.t); close ^emL^ adai
{Fn^l

sml-S\

signal (n.) -

sdtthu mudu

signature (n.) es)<s;QiU(Lp^^ kai-y-elutthu silence (n.) QuoeiresTLD maunam silent (adj.) GiLDetresrwrresr maunamana silently (adv.) QiDSTresTLDfTS maunamaga silence (v.L) ^esiLD^ uQ> amaithipadu be (remain) silent (v.i.) G>LD<snesTLa ffir^ maunam sSthi
(- U L , UL.)

^/7$)@ff5) ariguri

simple (adj.) CTCTSIU eliya sin (n.); misfortune un'SUih pavam sin (v.) urTsxlLD QffUJ pavam sey sinful (adj.) UfTeilLD QfiLS^ pavam seytha sinner (n.) uireSl pavi since (adv.) LSISULJ pinbu, LSlssresrpr pinnar, -^(sSlqg^^ -ilirunthu sing (v.t.) un padu {uiTi, u/ru).) singer (n.); m u s i c i a n urvLsppadagar single (adj.) e^pempajfTesT orraiyana sink (v j . ) ; drown g^ipO mulgu (make sth.) sink (vlL) yy^ai^. mulgadi
(ftOfpa, ftpipg))

(- QsFiuaj, - QffiL/^/)

sir (n. + vocative); f a t h e r ^lUlT aiya sister (gen.) (n.) SFGsrr^ifl sagothari (younger) sister (n.) ^liians thangai (elder) sister (n.) ^ssnakka sit (down) (v.i.) S-lL.si!T^ utkar situation (n.); condition 0es)eti nilai, f^emsomLD nilaimai six (n. or adj.) sixth (n. or adj.) ^prreu^ aravathu, ^piTLD aram (adj. only) sixteen (n. oradj.) U^smrrgi] pathinaru sixteenth (n. or adj.) pathinaravathu, u^esrirpfTLD pathinardm (adj. only) sixty (n. or adj.) ^gilU^ arubathu
135

sick (adj.) (- s'n^ss, - s^iT^^gi) Q^nliUUlLi noyppatta silk (n.) sickness (n.); disease uiLQi pattu (SjsrTiu nSy silk-worm ( n . ) side (n.); vicinity; page ULL(SILJLI,3=& uAsLD pakkam sight (n.); appearance; scene - pattu-p-pUcchi silver (metal) (n.) saiL& katchi QsusffsrS velli sign, (n.); mark similar (adj.) (g(jJl(L//-/) kuri(ppu) e^Grr LDU^fHtufresr signify (v.t) ore mdthiriydna similarify (n.); identity (gjjSluLSQi kurippi4u sg/i)ffj/S!r)LO orrumai (-'-.-@L)
134

r^fflf dru

s i x t i e t h (n. o r adj.) arubathavathu,

s l a p (v.t.); s p a n k ^emp ^Uf. ami adi .

slow (reduce speed) (v.) -

GeusiSJ^anro
QLOjs/su/rssr

s m i l e (v.); l a u g h fflffl ^ifluLf siri

vegangurai

(SiHas, ffliil^si)
sirippu

s m i l e (n.); laughter s l o w (adj.) s m o k e (n.) L/sma methuvaga pugai s m o k e ( e m i t s m o k e ) (v.i.) L/sin<5 pugai

arubatham s i z e ( n .) -

(adj. only) s l a v e (n.) paruman ^L!j.es)LD adimai

methuvana

uq^Lask

slowly (adv.)

s k e l e t o n (n.) -

s l a v i s h (adj.) ^Uj-anLDlurresr sleep (v.) adimaiyana

QlD^euns fflffU
S]^UJ ^sirasr siru, siriya, sinna

sTg)/Lb/_/a;ai.(Jl
thiramai

s m a l l (adj.); little s m o k e ( a cigarette, etc.) (v.) L^smSLSis^

elumbukkudu skill ( n . ) ^poDLD

^rsi(g

thUngu

(-tSn.,

pugaipidi -tSuj-^gi)

skilful ( a d j . ) '^pemLDluiresT skilfiilly(adv.)^psmLDlUfTS Q^fTiA) thiramaiyaga thimmaiyana

s l e e p (ru) -

^Asih

s m a s h (v.t.); p o u n d thukkam
idi jU).figi)

'Don't smoke!' - . pugaipidikkathe

s l e e p y (adj.) -

GmihQui^ujrTejsT
somberiyana asleep (adv.) ^xaiLana thakkamaga

b e s m a s h e d (v.i.); collapse -

s m o o t h ( n o t r o u g h ) (adj.) iMLpLDLfiuurrssT malamalappdna, s n a c k s (n.); savories usosrrrfLD s n a k e (n.) umJaLI ^LJULq. pambu appadi so (that w a y ) (adv.) s o c i a l (adj.) 3=^x samUga palagdram

s k i n (n.);.lude; l e a t h e r thai

g)t^

idi

iglisj.iu,

gju^gi)

s m a s h t o pieces (v.t.); c r u s h Q[BlTgU'S(g norukku

s k i r t (n.); p e t t i c o a t urreuirmLs k u l l ( n .) rrumdai suirecia s k y (n.) eufTesrih ^arraJLO vanam, dgdyam odu, Mbdlam pdvddai

slice (n.); piece; towel -

^emQl
lB(Lp^ a^^aii^

thuTidu
naluvu

(Q/5/rgyiS^, Qtstrrpj^Si)
b e s m a s h e d (v.i.), c r u s h e d -

s l i d e ( o n a s u r f a c e ) (v.i.) -

QrErrg)jliJ(g
{Qt^iTt^tiia, sufTa=anasT LDsmiM

norungu

QrsagijmiSi)

s m e l l (pleasant/neutral) (n.) sarukku vasanai, manam

s l i d e (children's) (u.) i5Wl/iE(g sarukku

smell (v.t) -

GLDmj^ unjT
(- unffAs, -

society (in gen.) (n.) SF^SiLD samugam monthu par

ufT^^^) 137

13.6

society (n.); association s^lBlsui sangam soft (adj.)uSq^^eurresr miruthuvdna softness (n.); tenderness QllBGS[CoS)li menmai delicate (not tougli) (adj.) QuamemLDiumsu menmaiyana soften (v.) miruthuvakku (-^, -^S1) soil (n.); earth; m u d LDSSsr man soil (n.); land fflsOLb niUon, ^eoeuemh nilavalam sole (adj.); a l o n e fieefl thani, ^esFltUfTesr thaniyana, ^eisB0iS thanittha solely (adv.) ^ssfliUfT^? thamydga, ^esBetriLDluiTS thanimaiyaga solid (adj.) kettiyana

solve (v.t.); figure out viduvi (oS)a5), sSISteSl^gi) some ^ s u sila (adj.), ^so/r silar (a few persons), ^ s u ^ silathu (a few things) somebody (pron.) lunQrtrT ydro some person, a person e^qgeiip' oruvar somehow (adv.) ffruuijf.ujrrsu^ eppadiydvathu, eppculiyo,

QS(i)aa

sometime (or other) -

eruauj-GiurT

eppadiyenum someone (pron.) (unGprrr ydro, ereyGp'fT evard, ^qgeup' oruvar something (pron.) ex^nreu^ ethdvathu, er^rreugi ethavathu something, s o m e w h a t ^jQ^rr etho

eruuujJSius^liJa"

soon (adv.); quickly S-LJ3esT udane, eppothdvathu ^SiSlULh slkkiram sore (n.); w o u n d sometimes, at any time Ljsssr pun eppothdvathu sorrow ( n . > ^ssiLD dhukkam, occasionally (adv.) SU(T5^^U) varuttham, eruGunQ^rr eppotho, GsFiTiXlli sogam ^ s o ffLDiULD sila samayam sorrowful (adj.) somewhat^sauorresr dhukkamdna QsfT(^3=LJD kohjam sorrowfully (adv.) somewhere (adv.) lAaiLDfTS dhukkamdga ffTiiiGaGiurr ehgeyo, feel sorry (v.i.); regret eriBlGafT engo, eil(T^^gJ varunthu eriilGa^LD ehgenum (su(g^6S, ai(!S^) somewhere, anywhere s o r r y (adj.) eTiiKSaiufTeu^ engeyavathu euq^^^Slp varunthugira son (n.) sort (n.); kind; class LD&aST magan eues)s vagal son-in-law (n.) s o u n d (make sound) ( v . t . ) LD^LDSesT marumagan spsiS) oli (^^eSlAx, ^sSI0gi); song (n.); s i n g i n g s^siS)65#Q<9=(U olikkacchey (-Qffijiu, -Qsiugi) umLQt pdttu s o u n d (n.) song (musical) (n.) ^eiS)a=LJU!Tleo isaippddal sgs6) oli sour, sourness (n.) song (n.); poem; v e r s e LjetH puli UfTJeo pddal 139

sour (adj.) LfsBuL) LfsBuunesT Qesesr then therku sovereignty (n.); rule dtchi space (place, room) (n.) @L_li) idam vinveli, pulippu, puUppana

specify (v.t.); mention (g,l^ui3 ((g^uiSlu, (3ajtb GeuaLDireu QffeOQJLfl kurippi4u (siSluLSCQi) vegam vegamana selavali

spoon (n.) sryeisTLs^ spoonful (n.) srressnq.iuerreii karandiyalavu spot (n.); dot; pointL/6rre(5) aSffl viri eSllfl viri pulli (nSrflAs, oSlffl^) (aSrfiiu, n S f f l ^ ) {usrai, ujrsiS)) spread (something) (v.L) spread (v.i.); extendspread (as darkness, disease) USXeij paravu spread (news, disease) (v.t.) UlXULj {jj^uUy UfTULj parappu ufjuiSl) parappu kararuii -

spy ( v . t ) Geue^uafr ^pfl3ff5? (r^i^iu, vevupar orrari -=wjSli5/) vSvupartthal,

south (adj.), southern the south (n.)

speed (n.); intensity speedy (adj.) s p e n d (time, money) (v.t.) -

s p y i n g (n.), espionage Gsusiyu/T/r^^d)

squeeze (v.t); press -

^ipprSl^eb
Qrs(l^S(Q

orrarithal nenikku

be s p e n t (time, money) (v.i.) QrS^eoeilLfl spill (v.t) (S^^, gl^) selavali

(outer) space & sky (IL) 6iS!ss5r<o)6ucr5i ^xrnuLD agayam idaiveli

s q u i r r e l (n.); chipmunk ^essBeo (S^^ ^urro} (Lp^^smrr rffeo nil anil kutthu ^anec (.tsf0,(s^) thabal mutthirai (aSlp*, iSssrju) natchatthiram thalai stab (v.t); h i t s t a m p (postage) (n.) s t a m p (n.); seal s t a n d (v.i.); stay s t a r (astro.) (n.); constellation /SLLff^^frii s t a r t (v.i.) ; rise srrtiiL/ kilambu

(Qrsd^^,

Q/5(r5<5S))

iSflj/ sinthu

space (between things) (n.)

s p i r i t (Ufe) (n.) s^uSipr ityir, ^0LDrr athma spUt(v.)l3e(T pila (iSar, L S O I ^ ) pilavu

^anL^QojffS
s p a n k (v.L); s l a p (ji/enpiu, ^14. Gu GuffS^ ^asfluui' QpASluj s p e a k (v.L) pesu {QuB^,

expanse, surface (n.) spring (water) (n.)

^es)p

ami ^Bnip^gj); ^uj.^) GuS) adi {^U)-&ai,

split (n.); c r a c k iSletreij spoil (go bad) (v.i.) QsLLQiuGuiT kettu-p-po {-(Surrey -GufTiu)

spring (season) (n.) vasantham, vasantha spy (n.) ^ippair vevu-karan, orran kalam

speech (n.) pecchu I thanippatta special (adj.) special (important) (adj.) mutJdya

(erriiu, S n r u i i S ) s t a r t u p (v.i.); incite Sleirui-l (Slwruu, Idlappu SerrutS)

spoiled (adj.); bad Qtll_ ketta, kettuppdna QxiLQuGufTesr

GeueijSilTTTesT

140

141

start (vi.); set out LJpuuQi purappadu startle (v.t.); alarm thiduklddacchey {-Qffiiiiu, -Qffiiigi) starve (v.i.) Ulll4.5f?u5)(V5 pattiniyiru

stay (v.i.); remain ^ISJ^ thangu {^liim, ^aiSl) stay (v.i.); stop, stand^GO nil (jBpa, rSt^jTti) stay (v.L); s t o p ninitthu steal (v.t.) ^dS ihirudu

O^W^, ^nj/i#)

state (say, write, publish) (v.) - 0 t - , p i f ) ^fl$)si5! arivisteami (v.t.); boil (^j5!a5!, ^iS^cSipsi) ^ s i 5 ) avi (.=si/a5), ^eS^gi) statement ( n . ) be steamed (v.i.), boiled ^ff5)OT arikkai ^eSI avi {^aSliu, ^eSl^) state (n.); condition steam (n.) (^lansu nilai, ^rrireSl nirSvi f^emeoesyus nilaimai steam-engine (n.) state (nation) (n.) 0p-iTeSj UJ^^p-Lb ^nQi nSdu niravi yanthiram station (n.); place steel ( n . ) f^nsuujLb nilaiyam 6 T o o @ ehku statue (n.) step (n.); foot; bottom, base ^ s n s u silai-, ^ i f adi ^ s_q^enLb univam step(v.)status (in organization) (n.) ^1/14. Kno/ adivai U0&SI pathavi (- snsuaa;, - esmj^gi) stay (v.i.); be; waitstep(n.)Ul^ padi 142

stem (adj.) stitch (v.t); sew - sQiemLDiurrejsr kadumaiyana (sina!ffl, s s i ^ ^ g ; ) sternness (n.); harshness stitch (n.); stitching (5lSJ)L0 kadumai sai^ttjd) thaiyal stick (long) (n.) stomach (n.) xiDLf kambu stick (short) (n.) stone (n.); g e m stick (make adhere to) (v.t) stony (adj.) l^lL(S\ ( g i l i _ , @ L 4 . ) cb ufTsiojDiufrssr still (adv.); yet; more kal paraiyana ^sJrgUiii innun, stop (v.i.); stay; standc^ssr/rgj/li SnSlum ^ s b nil stfll (continuing) (adv.) ^SlgilLb Sgilum stop (v.t); s t a y still (quiet) (adj.) ninitthu amaithiyana store (n.) , shop stink (v.i.) (5ini_ kadai /S/Wl/ naru (ifnp, rsni^') storm (n.) stink (n.); stench qiueo puyal fSfTppLD narram stormy (adj.) stir (v.t), disturb qiusu (Tssr puyaldna U @ kalakku S story (n.) (6Uffi, 'fflSUisS)) get stirred (v.i.), disturbed store (n.); hearth < 50 / kalangu S/ @ E ^S^QlULl aduppu
(Uffi/, SU(5/g))

143

straight (adj.); honestGiSP'freu nerana, QtSP^mLDluiTesr nermaiyana straightness (n.); honesty QlBpf<snLD nermai strange (adj.) anniya(mana) stranger (n.) ^^rffiup' anniyar, ^lueoireir ayaldn street (n.) Q^QJ theru, strength (n.); fmnness S-gi]^ uruthi strong (adj.) S-^^lUfTSST uruthiyana strongly (adv.) S-gn^lurrsi umthiySga strength (n.) ueoiis balam strengthen (v.t) wsouuQl^gl balappadutthu strong (adj.) ueOLDfresr bakanana, ueo^iS balattha

strength (n.) SIJSI5)(S3)LD) vali(mai) strong (adj.) valimaiyana strike (stoppage of work) (n.) GexJeinet) rflgu^^ih velai niruttham strike (stop work) (v.) velai niruttham sey (- QfflUlU, - Q3:iUgl) strike (to hit) ( v . t ) ^14. adi string (n.) u5)ffiy kayiru string (beads, etc.) (v.L) Q^rrQi thodu (Qasn-L, Q^iTU).) stroke (n.), blow ^14strong (adj.) ueOLDrrenT balamSna, eueSletDLDUJlTesT valimaiyana structure (n.); construction^es)iX)ULf atnaippu struggle (n.) Gurrprn' 1 ih pordttam

struggle ( v . i . ) Gufrrrrr pSradu stubborn (adj.) -

eueSmLDiurrssr

{QuntfiTt-, Gurrantsj^
murattutthanamana

Q?^ vithi

student(s) (n.) Lorremeyp' manavar (pi.), LDfTemaSl mdriavi(t}, LDfTemeuesr manavan (m.) study (v.); l e a r n XSO kal {mpa, spgu) study (n.); learning seoeSI kalvi study (v.); r e a d UlSj. padi (utfisffi, uisj.^) stupid (adj.) nuUiaimdna), makkana subinit to; obey; calm down adahgu (^t_/5/, ^ L J 5 ) S ) substitute (n.) u^eSI pathili

subtract ( v . t ) Slfi kali (i^ffi, i ^ ^ ^ ) subtraction (n.) SL^^SieO kalitthal success (n.); v i c t o r y Qeuipn^ verri successful (adj.) Qeu^i^sriLDnesT verrigaramana succeed (v.) Qeupt^QmrTeiT verrikol (-G/Tsrrar, -Qffi/resjr) such (in that way) (adj.) athemathiriyana sudden (adj.) s_j_esns^iU[TesT udanadiyana, ^M./r thidir suddenly (adv.) a_L_Gs5r udane, ^lss.Q[reirQ] thidlrenru suffering (n.); g r i e f dhukkam, euq^^^LD varuttham, s ^ l _ i i kashtam suffer (v.i.) gIssTUUuQt thunbappadu

^L_(u)frssr)
LoAsam

substitute (v.t) u^eorrs emeu pathilaga vai

(- smcuAs, -

( - u i _ , -UL.);
sd^L-UU

as>aj0^)

kashtappadu

144

145

sugar (n.)ffffasesifj sarkkarai suit (v.i.); become-settledsuitable (adj.) ^g5(5^ thaguntha, porutthamana be suitable (v.); be proper QufTQ^^^ porunthu summer (n.); hot seasonkodai(-k-kalam) sun (n.) (g/fl(UJr surtyan, (e^rruSlgu nayiru sunlight (n.); sun's heatQeuiSleo veyil, (^fHiU sgsrS suriya oli sunny (adj.) e^e^turresr oliyana sunrise (n.) (g/flttjesr s-^ujLb suriyan uthayam
CSffin'is3ii_'(6?/rsutii)
Qurrq^^^LDiTesr

^emLD arrmi lhakka,

simset (n.) suriyan maraithal sunshine (n.); sun's heat QexiuSo} veyil, Sunday (n.)
@rf)(U i^efH suriya oli

support (n.) support (v.); sustain^rnsi(^ thdhgu

c^^/jsy

atharavu

be surprised (v.i.) ^^s^uSI athisayi surrender (v.i.) S'fremiSJnL^ saranadai surrender (n.) sdramuiaithal surround (v.t) surru (pp, pj5)) surroundings (n.) survive (v.i.) ^eiSl^^qg jivitthiru
(-^sDLttj,

suppose (v.t); count suppress (v.t) (^l_,

ndyirru(-k-kilamai) supervise (v.t.) siessTSineaiA kangani . (3u)pu/r/rs!DivuS)(5) merpdrvaiyidu supervision (n.) supervisor (n.) GLopUfTp'eimxJ merparvai

STSCTrgwi; emu (sTcrarsasT', ereiBrcinfl) =3yL_<s@

^Lffl)

-^ani^g])

adakku

sure (adj.) nicchayatnana, nicchayamuUa surely (adv.) ^a^s^iuinrrx surprise (n.)

^^SFIULD

SripgiJULIpLh surruppuram (-g).-g)(2HS^)

nicchayamSgd

kangdni(ppalar),

aemesrressflluun-errp) GiDjpurrp'ssyeuujrrerrff

merparvaiyalar supply (n.)^ s r S ^ d j alitthal supply-(v.t); givesupport (v.t) athari 146

surprising (adj.) athisayamdna, ^S'fflfltULDfTSsr dcchariyamdna

^S^fflfluJLb

athisayam, dcchariyam

suspect (v.t.) aTJCp^S) santhegi santhegappadu

(-U_, -uC)

suspicion (n.); doubt

^efh ali (^siSAs, cS/o9^s/)

surprisingly (adv.) dcchariyamSga

suspicious (adj.); doubtM santhegamulla, santhegamdna 147

a75(3^<Btb santhegam

suspiciously (adv.) santhegamaga suspend (stop) (v.L) sustain (v.L); s u p p o r t c^^rf) athari ^i^fiSl) viluhgu (^/flaa, eSI(l^lBJ(Q

s y s t e m (n.) " (Lpemp murai

t a n k (man-made lake) (n.) (geiTii kulam

t e a r (off) ( v . L ) ; rip (up) Slifl S\lfl kill {JStiflBx, Siifi^^) be torn (v.i.)

T
table (n.); small desk Co(jOSJi<y taU (n.) - _ SU/Tsl) val t a i l o r (n._) thaiyalkaran t a k e c a r e (watch out) (v.L) partthu-k-kol mesai

t a s k (n.) aiL^QDLD GeuemeD s^meu (Tj^ kadamai, velai suvai, rusi

Uli (g)yS)iu, g)f^/5^) kannir e&QiSip

t e a r ( s ) (eye-water) (n.) sessress?pr sssisrsjjsf/r kannir tell (v.); say Q3=rreo sol (Qff/raisu, Qs^rraieS) t e m p e r a t u r e (n.) Qeuuu ^efreij alavu koyil veppa t e a r f u l (adj.) vidugira

taste (n.); f l a v o r -

swallow (v.t.) (o5)(y)ffi/ffi, aS(ip/5/) be sweet (v.) ^ssfl ini

taste (v.) unff nisi par (- unp-ffi*, - u n u 0 g i ) tasty (adj.) -QairessrQi)

(g)orf), sweet (adj.) ^esfluj

^esfi0gi)

{-QaiTshar,

q^^iLierrerr t a x (n.); line Sl/rf? vafi -

msiyulla

t a k e (v.L); pick up 6T(5) inimatydna edu (e7(il, sjQi^gj) t a k e (away, along) (v.L) Q.ssn'em'(^ (- Qutrm, - Gumifj t a k e u p ; continue (v.) G)^fr(5l (|^,/Sl5^) (Q^m_jr, t a l k (v.i.) thodu Q^rri-irp^)

t e m p l e (shrine) (n.) GaiTuSeo t e m p o r a r i n e s s (n.) ^njsireSlsih tharkaligam

iniya,

^ssflstnLDiUfTeisr sweetness (n.) ^ssflssiLD s w i m (v.i.) ninthu s w i m m i n g (n.) /#(Fsb nlcchal inimai

t e a c h (v.L) solli-k-kodu (-)ffi/rffi, t e a c h (v.L) QmeoeSl^^rr

Gurr kondu pS
-QsiT^si) solU-t-tha

t e m p o r a r y (adj.) tharkaliga(mana) t e n (n. or adj.) patthu (adj. only)

Gus? pesu (Gug:, GuSi)

talk(n.)Gua=3^ pecchu taU(adj.)s^iuijLDn'sisT QtBUf-iU uyaramdna, nediya

t e a c h e r (n.); editor; author ^^ifliu^ t e a m (n.) iLLj_SB!rfl aiiLB\ kuttani, asiriyar

t e n t h (n. or adj.) u^^rreu^ U^fimJa

s w i t c h off ( v . t ) ; turn off ^emessr anai s y m p a t h y (n.); mercy, pity ^rrssiLO irakkam

patthdvathu, patlham

t e n d e r n e s s (immaturity) (n.) ^erremLD ilamai

148

149

tender (adj.); immature ^Tr(uj) ila(m),

^errSluj

term (length of time) (n.) term (condition) (n.) fSlu^^emeu

Ud^euLB paruvam

^erranLDiurrasT

ilagiya,

ilamaiydna

textne(s) (n.) ^iijeffl javuU than (conj.) thank (v.)'nanri eS]Lvida

territory (region) (n.) terror (u.), fright

UUJLD payam, uiUlilsilXLD

nibanthanai

iSlrjG^fflM p i r a d h e s h a m
payangaram

thanks (n.) /55Tj5!

[BeirfffuLierTerr

(- Qs^sil^^' ~ C'JS!/:S^)
nanri nanriyulla

selutthu

thankful (adj.) -

terrible (adj.), frightfiii payahgaramana

uiuiiimp'LDiTesr

^sw/7$) QXLLI nanri that (thing) (pron.) -

thankless (adj.),-ungrateful^1 athu

ketta

terribly (adv.), MghtftOly terrify (v.L), ftighten payamurutthu test (n.); academic exam (30e^ thervu test (v.); examine sothanaisey (- Q^iijiu, - Q3=tu^) payangaramdga

uiuiiiarrLairx

that Cadj.); those-

then (adv.) ^uGurr appo, ^uQurr^ appothu, avaigalin (iiraL) ^LjQurT(igl' appoluthu theirs (poss. pron.) there (adv.) avargaludaijathu (rational), ^iBlGa; ahge there is, itis avaiyudaiyathu (irrational) ^f^ASlp^ irukkirathu them (pron.) there!, look there! - avargalai (ace, rational), ^ - ,S>fS^rT atho thereafter (adv.) avarrai (acc., irrational) ^ ^ s s r tS)p@ athanpiragu themselves (reflex, pron.) therefore^ITQLD t h a m e ,
avairrin

(irrational),

that way, like that^UUiSj. appadi theater (n.) theft (n.)^(0ll(S)

avargal

^/5^

antha

then (at that time) (adv.) then (after that)nataka-salai

^milSiQefT

-thdhgale

^uQurr^

appothu

^msiUfreo

(STessrQsil enave, ^emmuSetsTrreo

^^esmeo ^BiQeU

dgaiyal,

_ agaiyinal

/5/n_<9sa=/re3)su

then (in that case) then (after) (adv.) rg^lllLJipih ^ULJipLD appadiyanal

l51/E)@

piragu

therefore (on that account) these (people)these (things) >^emeu ivai athanal, agave

their (poss. adj.) avargaludaiya

tUruttu

^uuij-iUfTssrrra}

(rational), (rat.),

beyond (in space)

appuram appuram

@ay^6565r i v a r g a l

150

they, those (people) ^eup'xet avargal they, those (things) 151 ^es)aj{sBerr) avai(gaf)

they themselves (refl. pron.); he himself (polite) thick (adj.) thickness (n.) thief ( n . ) @(5L_sw thin (adj.) (olLDGOeSllu ^14.0^ thadittha ^fTLD tham

thirsty^rrmunTS firrMQfieterr thagamaga thagamuUa

"I am thirsty" (idiom) enakku thagamaga

(adv.), (adj.)

thoroughness (n.) Lj^p'essrih pUranam

t h r e a t (n.) uiUfLpgll^eo payamurutthal

those (adj.), t h a f antha

t h r e a t e n (v.L);
UUJ(LpgiJ0gj

fiightenpayamurutthu

esipJLi

irukkirathu

those (people) (pron.); they those (things) (pron.); they cgysnsu avai though (even if) (conj.) ^esnrepllh anStum, eninum, agilum, ayinum erssfle^ILD ^euffam avargal

thadippu

thirteen (n. or adj.) thirteenth (n. or adj.)

pathimiinravathu,

u^^ipeirgu

pathimUnru

thirudan

think (v.L); p o n d e r grsrorsgi/ ennu (erffMrsinr, ffrswreasfl) think (v.t); considerSg^gl karuthu

melliya

t h r e e (n. or adj.) gpssrgy munru thrift (n.); economy; brevity ^ffiaesnii sikkanam thrifty; economical; brief thriftily; economically, briefly
S\aiaiesrLDrTS sikkanamaga ffissemLDneST sikkanamana

pathimunram (adj. only) thirty (n. or adj.) (Lpuu^ muppathu

U^fipOSTlplTLD

^S)@)/Lb
^uSlsmiLD

think (v.L); remember

(^, i5^)

thirtieth (n. or adj.)

muppathavathu,

iHesyesr

ninai

think (of S.O., sth.) (pred.) third (n. or adj.) munrayathu, munram (adj. only) thirst (n.) 0!TaL[> thagam (tpeirprrLD

fHanssr^^ ninainthu

(adj. only) this (thing) (pron.), i t muppatham ^ ithu

(tpuu^fTLD

t h r o a t (n.) though (nevertheless) (adv.) - Q^nemes)L^ thondai r^esTfTeviLD andlum, t h r o u g h (across) (prep.) eTesrnrreVILD enralum (ajnjyffisina kurukkal thought (n.); intention t h r o u g h (instr. suffix) thought (n.); idea; o p i n i o n s;q^^^ karutthu

STSSsrsBisnJb

ennam

throughout throvr (v.L); hurl; toss CTTTJ eri (ffrjSliu, ffrjSff^ throw(v.L);put(3urT(^
podu (Lpip^^Lb murrilum

- ^ e o

-al

this (adj.) ^/5^ intha

t h o u s a n d (n. or adj.) ^uSltTLD ayiram

t h o r n (n.) (zpsjr mul, (Lperr(rf thorough (adj.) ^fysiSJsrLD[T<ssi

t h o u s a n d t h (n. or adj.)
mullu

t h r e a d (n.) -

ayiramavathu

puranamdna

nj/ra) nul

t h u n d e r (n.); stroke -

152

153

tiredly (adv.) ^^uunss aluppaga tiredness (n.) thunderbolt (n.), lightning \ kalaippu^ ^ g y u L / aluppu iMekticsreo minnal tissue (living) (n.) Thursday (n.){fdjeif sawu eSltUtTLfixSlLpmLD to (prep.), towards viyalakkiktmai QrsnsSl nSkki, thus (in that way) -a_(g -ukku (suffix) ^UUUj- appadi today (n.) tie (v.t); bind; fasten ^asrgu lnru,\ tiger (n.)^s5rsn/o<5(g inmikku LfeSl puli toe (n.); finger tight (adj.)- ^ oSlrrA) viral ^guSllu irugiya toe (n.) time (n.); season; era srreo e&rreo kal viral srreoLb kdlam togethertimes (number of) (n.) <SiiL_ kiida, (LpesW) murai (^SSTprrs onraga tin (metal sheet) (n.) tolerable (fairly good) ^srrici thagaram s^wrrp'rTai sumaraga tin (the element) (n.)tolerance (n.); toleration TFtULD lyam tire (become tired) (v.i.) sagipputthanmai _ ^lu oy (gio, ^ l u i ^ ) tolerant (adj.) tired (adj.) sesien^^ kalaittha sagipputthanmaiyulla thunder (v.); smash 154

tolerate (v.) <FS) sagi {a^Saa, a^Sl^gi) tolerate (v.t.); endure QuiTgi] poru {Qurrgiiaa, Qutrgij0gi) tomorrow (n.) lBfTee)6rr{d(g) nalai(kku) tongue (body part) (n.) fBnrs(g nakku tongue (language) (n.) QwiTLfl moU too (also) (adv.) 3ii.L- kuda, 3h.lGeu kadave, GLDO^LD melum too (overly) (adv.) iSlaisijLb migavion tool (n.); iiistrument ^ ^tq^LD ayiaham tool (n.) SiQ^eSl karuvi tooth (n.) ueo pal toothacbe (n.)LJeO ojsSl pal vali top (of head, etc.) (n.); zenith iicchi

tortoise (n.); turtle ^ S ) i O amai torture ( n . ) euesifi vathai torture (v.t); torment euan^ Qa^iLi vathai sey (- Qffiuiu, - Qfftugj) toss (v.); throw -

total (n.); the whole GlLDfT^^LD mottham - touch (v.t.) Q^rrQi thodu touch (n.) Q^fTLOfq thodarbu towards (adv.) GrsrraS) ndkki towel (n.); piece ^s55r(S> thundu town (n.)i^mriLCi nagaram trade (n.), commerce . sSliununffLD viyabaram trade (v.) eBiiiTumxLD QffiJ viyabaram sey (- Qffiijuj, - Qffihgi) 155

STff5? eri {sTigliu, eri^^gi) -

tradition (n.); generationurTlhuemrT parambarai traffic (n.); transportpokkavamtthu tragic (adj.) dhukkagaramana train (teacli) (v.L) payirchikodu
(- fl/Tffi, QaiT0gi)

travel (n.), journey i3[rujrremih {uujsmih) piraydnam (payanam) travel (v.i.), journey -

i^rriunsmih Q^iii
piraydtiam sey (- Qa^iuiu, - Qs^mgi) traveler (n.) LSrriurretssfl (uiusstsfl) piraydni (payani) treachery (n.) ^QfTrTsnh thwogam treason (n.) sathi treasure (n) rS\^ nithi oppantham treaty (n.) ^UU^^LD LO/TLD maram tree (n.); wood (substance) trial (n.); investigatione&mp'sinsm visdranai trial (attempt) (n.) (Lpiun)^ muyarchi tribe (n.); clan (gsuii) kulam, ^eSTLD inam

trip(n.)i3rriu[TsmLD {uiuemLD) pirayanam (payanam) troops (n.); army ues)l padai trouble (n.); difficulty Q^mj^iTSl/ thontharavu, sei^iLD kashtam trouble (v.) thontharavu sey (- Qffiuiu, - Qsajgi) troublesome (adj.) -

try (v.t); see, l o o k UfTp' par {urrffsai, urr. try hard (v.); strive (Lpiueo muyal (xyiiueo, QfiiuesTipj) Tuesday (n.) sewdykMlamai turn (v.i.); return^(LDLl thirumbu (@(5ii)U, gcgiitS) turn (cause to turn) (v.t.) ^(ULl thiruppu

training (n.); practice UuSlpSl payirchi traitor (n.) glGp'rrSl thurogi transport (n.); traffic pokkuvaratthu transport (v.t.) erri-c-chel (-Qffwjco, -QffejsTipi) trap (n.) Quirri^ pari trap (v.t.) porivaitthu-p-pidi (-ij)if A s , -i3[^0gi)

turn (one's) (n.) thontharavdna true (adj.), truthful (Lpemp mural s^essretnLDlurresr unmaiyana, turn off (v.t); switch off ^ s n s s s r anal GlBP's^LDlLjefrerr nermaiyulla truth (n.); f a c t a_ssiirs!r)U! unmai, Q^ffSS)LD nermai truth (n.); certainty ^ffS^lULD nicchayam trunk (box) (n.) QuiLuf- petti trunk (of an elephant) (n.) ^^sens thuthikkai trust (v.t); b e l i e v e rsLDLJ nambu QBLDU, iswiSI) 157 turtle (n.); t o r t o i s e ^onLD dmal twelve ( i L or adj.) -

us5re5flfrsssr(51
pamnrandu twelfth (n. or adj.) uekesflp'essrifTeiJ^

pannirandavathu, ueireisflpremL^n-Lb pannlrandam (adj. only)

156

twenty (n. or adj.) ^

^Q3Ugj

twentieth (n. or adj.) irubathavathu. irubatham (adj. only) twice 'two (n. or adj.)
(Lpemp iru murai

iritbathu

u n d e r s t a n d (v.i.); know an

unripe (fruit) (adj.) until, as far as

a/an/T smui-^esi)

kSy(arm)

Q^lfl theri u n d e r s t a n d (pred.) LjUllUih puriyam don't understand LflfliUfT^

evmcruSleb
sijes)p'ai(QLD QufTluuJlTasT

vqrai,

urgently (adv.) ^eufffjLDrrs avasaramaga us (pron.) (acc.) ns (pron.) (daL) T!BJaes)SfT engalai (excl.), fgLDonLD nammai (incl.)

u n t r u e (adj.) -

varaiyil, varaikkum poyyana

^rrimQ\

u n i q u e (adj.); unprecedentedunite (v.t); join

5^(51 kudu
(iL,

puriyathu

unwell (pred.) asaukkiyamana GLDQSO

CPLDGU

^Ljfl'euLDrrsa'

apUrvamana

use (n.), usefulness u s e (v.t.)

engalukku (excl.), rBLDSi(Q namakku (incl.)

u (n.) umbrella
nnable (aux. V . ) nncertain (adj.) uncle (n.) ift'f'S^lULDpp

upon, on top of, above -

a-uQiurranh
{s^iJSiuiTSlms;, ubayogamana

ubayogam

(gszDL kudai

tmite (v.t.); join G<3=p' ser (CSsTJ-ffis, Gasj^g/) join (v.i.); reach universe (n.) lSl[TU(ffl^ffLD

ShU).)

Gujsb mel,
Qwetirrasr
mel,

u p p e r (adj.)

mele melana

s^uQiuirSi

useful (adj.) -

ubayogi s.jJ3iunS)0gi)

(LpUj-lurrgj

mudiyathu

G<9:pr ser (Ga^^r, Qa^gi)

pirapanjam

upstairs (n.); roof terrace upstairs (adv.) Gi)d)lB/rtij.u5)a) upto (adv.)

euesifx varai , _,^exis^fILD LDlTLH. modi

usefulness (n.)
UlUsisT payan ^

sJuQlunmin
ubayogamarra,

ubayogam,'

nicchayamarra university (n.) -

mSlmadiyil useless (adj.)

under (prep.); underneath under (subject to) ^is^uSQeo adb/ile

LDiTLDfT _mSma, LDiTLnasT mSman

unless (conj.)-

palkalaikkalagam

s^uGiurrsiLDpp utussrpp
S-^GUrr^ uthavatha

SQifi

lale

unravel (v.i.); be separated t5/fl piri

e^lfliu oliya, ^sSirr thavira. ^<siievfTSla).&> illsvidil (iSfiliu,

LSI%^)

urgency (n.); necessity u r g e n t (adj.)

avasara(mana) avasaram

payanarra,

usual (adj.); common; public Qufrgj^LDfTBsf) euLp^aLDtTesT poihu(mana),

valakkamana

158

159

usually (adv.) eutfixmih Gluneo

valakkam pola

vicinity (n.); side; page usaLD QaL^nesr pakkam kedana

visible (peed.); perceived Q^i^iqiD theriyum

Q^f[\iUfT} theriyathu

^rote (v.) Qj/ra; ^sH} vakku ali

(- ^e/Uss, ^eS^gi);

vicious (adj.) victim (sacrificial) (n.) us5l ball. ueSloJirerr

Qeupi^u^saen

V
valley (n.) ueirerr0^rr<s(g value (n.) LD^uq LD^ULj mathippu
LSAS

sufTsQaQi
(-ST(Slffi,

vakkedu
-eT(Sl0gl)

visit f v p a y a visit varugai thd

(^S>)

pallauhakku

voter (n.) eurTsanTeu^ vdkkalar

6a/rya/(human)
verriyulla

voting (n.) eyrT3;Qs(S\LJLi vowel (n.) uyir (elutthu)

victorious (adj.) victory (n.); success view (n.) -

valuable (adj.) mathippu mikka munnani

call on a person (v.) -

Qs^eirgi] urr^
senru par
(- uirffos:, -

vakkeduppu

vanguard (n.)
(Lpesrasransfl

Qojp^
XITLLSI

verri parvai.
katchi

vanguard (n.); futurity -

ST^Grr
srnusi^

ethire kSykari

ufTpiemoj urrp'

visit ( n . ) .y/50^a5sb visitor (n.)

unii^si)
santhitthal

voyage (by sea) (n.) SL^pLSlrriurTsssnh kadarpirayanam varugaiyalar vulture (n.) 6!(tf)@ kalugu

vegetable(s) (n.) vegetarian(ism) [adj. (n.)] ang^eii satva

view (v.t) par (uirfss, ^rreisT kSn {snewr, ssrargi)

ii([^m<9iUJfTGfrp'

unu^);

voice fn.)
(^p-GO kural

village (n.) Sip'iTLDLD girSmam village (n.); (home)town simpr ur

vehicle (n.) eiirrxesTLb ojeisnq.

LEIS

volcano T I L ^ S7/f)LDiOiSD erimalai

wage(s) (n.) ffLnueniSi sambalam (thina-k-)kuli

vaganam, vandi

very (adv.) miga

vine (n.); flag QsfTLq. kodi kodumai

vomit fn.^ ~ 6 U n Y 5 ^ vdnthi vomit (v.) vdnthivsdu vote (n.) fflj/ra vakku

daily wage(s) (n.) (^isr<9s)a^s^

waist (n.); half ^ancr ^&LJLi ^iS3iz__ arai iduppu idai

muchvery much LEI'SS mikka.

uSxeLjLD

violence (n.) migavum QsrrQiemLD

waist (n.); hip waist (n.); middle-

violent (adj.) athigamana QanTQiemLDUjfTem kodumaiyana

^^SLDrresr

160

161

w a i t (v.i.); r e m a i n ; b e w a i t (v.i.) Sin^^( Qunrgjj kdtthiru

w a n d e r ( r o a m about) (v.) w a n t ( a u x . v . ) ; desire; n e e d don't want, don't n e e d w a n t (v.) siS)(T5ii)L/ virumbu (aSJpsiiu, aSgjiiijl) w a r (n.); battle * ^ 2 / surru (aprp, ajiji))

waste (v.t)

siSemuj- viTiadi en neratthai vinadikkathe

e3tsm!TS6T
vinana

w a t c h o v e r (v.); t a k e c a r e of partthu-k-kol (-Qarrerrar, ~ _ -QxrremQi) thannir

(-g)5, -g)(5!5^) w a i t (v.i.); e n d u r e

pom

QeiieisrQiLh

vendum

Don't waste m y time! w a s t e f u l (adj.) -

CSaJ655ri_/TU3

w a t e r (n.) -

vendam

0pr

w a i t f o r (v.); e x p e c t w a i t e r (n.) mesai-p-paniydl

w a t e r p o t (n.) thannir ^emeo htdam alai

nlr, ^emea^p-

S T ^ f f JJ/T/r //ifr par (- un^^y - unu0i)

QLoems^uue'usflujrrerT
(jsism, i^u^)

- /5L_ nada

w a l k (v.i.); b e h a v e ; happen g o for a w a l k ( v . ) -

w a r m (heat-wise) (adj.) GleyuuLDfTssr veppamdna w a r m t h (heat) (n.) warn (v.t)-STS^3=l^ ecchari w a r n i n g (rL) SQ^eij QaJUULD veppam

Qunff por

w a s t e f u U y (adv.) -

w a s t e f u l n e s s (n.); futility w a s t r e l (n.)

eSsmrrs

vinaga

w a v e (n.); w a n d e r (v.) w a v e (v.) ( - ^ / _ , -^^) w a v y (adj.) - "

euifl valj ^em&)Uj[T(g)

eSsisr vln

w a t c h (n.), c l o c k w r i s t - w a t c h (n.) w a t c h (v.t); take care (sueifl, sajasfl^gj) w a t c h f u l n e s s (n.) (SSl/Gsrii)

eSemem vlmm
(siru)

alaiyadu alaigalulla

nadanthu kol
w a l l (n.) {Bonl nadai ivar

kadigaram

w a l k (stroll); p a c e (n.) -

(- Qairatm, - SlmirsisrQ!)

w a s h ( b u t n o t laundry) (v.t.) kaluvu

erfftflflxana; eccfmrikkai

w a y (n,); p a t h -

^S)so<s^errea

kai-k-kadigaram Xisueisfl

w a y (n.); r o a d w a y ( m a n n e r ) (n.); k i n d - ^

w a n d e r (v.i.); m o v e a b o u t ^ e w s o alai (^ansutu, ^neu/5a;/) w a n d e r i n g s (travels) (n.)

SKurr s

kavani

w a s h (laundry b y b e a t i n g w e t o n r o c k ) (v.L); t h r a s h w a s p (n.) ^ S S J O J thuvai (^Gi)iajm^, a^cmci/^^y) kulavi

susmas
LDn^fh ^errpr^^

vagal, mathiri thalamtha,

w a t c h m a n (n.)
kavat-karan

kavanam

w e a k (adj.) -

^es)efffeo alaicchal @ra5)

162

QiaeSI^^ melintha, eiiefiienmp valuvajra

163

weakness (n.) sua^aSleiranLD valuvinmai,

w e e k (n.) eunrXLD varam w e e k l y (adv.) varanthorum weep (v.i.), cry w e e p i n g (n.) ^(Lpanm w e i g h (v.t.) alugai

west (adj.); h i g h ; a b o v e QLDISO mel the w e s t (n.) OLDp(g fF/rti merku w e t n e s s ( n . ) , dampness Iram iramana. nanair'-tha w e t (adj.), d a m p FFjXU^rrssr rsemm^ss

when? eruQurr eruGufT^ eTuQun(Lp^ QurrQ^^eo eppo. eppothu. eppoluthu poluthil eppSthum

(Qmn)unQ\
w e a l t h ( n . ) , riches; m o n e y Qff&teiiLD uessriM w e a l t h y (adj.), selvamikka, uemLD panam ^iLj^LD padaittha Syutham ani udutthu weapon; tool, i n s t r u m e n t selvam, panam rich-

w h e n (at t h e t i m e w h i c h ) w h e n e v e r (adv.); always eruGufT^ih where? ST/i/Oa! enge w h e r e (place a t w h i c h ) entha idatthil

get w e t ( v . i . ) tSemasr nana! (iBsiTswiu, rsenesr^gi) m a k e w e t (v.t.) FefjLnnsi(g, iramSkku (-^ffi, - ^ S ) ; TSetnasT nanai
(/5n6!(7'<s<s, / 5 s s ) 6 a r ^ ^ )

/^ffy niru (jEliriiaim, 0lm]^!)

w e i g h t (n.) STSSiL edai varavel w e l c o m e ( v . t ) ; greet -

w e a r ( v . t ) ; put on

.^sW?

surjQeiieo

w h e r e v e r ; everywhere; anywhere ffT/5y@ii) which?engum. ehgeyum ST/S/Gffitt/LO STij^ ST^ entha ethu, ethu ethuvum enru

(^rasfliu, ^ s M f l j j ^ ) ;

s^Qi^!

w e l c o m e (n.) rBSOeurreij nalvaravu, varaverpu eVijGeiJpLj

what? STGSTS^ enna w h a t e v e r ; any, auytldng ethuvagilum what's more ^Q^nQi w h e a t (n.) (5/Tj5/5)LD w h e e l (n.) {FSSIJLD chakkaram gothumai athodu

w e a t h e r (n.) arrso iffemeo w e a v e (v.) (o)(5(U ney {Qpiiiu, Slreiugi) wedding (u.), m a r r i a g e ^(f^LDessTLh {neoiurrassTLD Lj^sirSlLpismLD buthangikmai thirumanam, kalyanam kala nilai

w e l f a r e (n.); benefit (5S0lii nalam Idnaru nangu, nanmga w e U ( o f w a t e r ) (n.) -

w h i c h one?, w h i c h thing? whichever ST^a/li STSsrgy w h i c h day? w h i c h e v e r d a y (every day. forever) STesrgULO enrum

Slemgil
/5sir@ rSeirpfTiX d5li

w e n (nicely) (adv.) -

W e d n e s d a y (n.) -

w e l l - b e i n g (n.); g o o d health sugam

164

165

while (conj.) 6T/5^ Qufr(Lp^<A) enthapoluthil a while (a period of time) . -QufT(Lp^eo G/B/Ttb. Qeuanerr neram, velai vellai, (adj.) venmai -poluthil, .

w i d e (adj.) ^se\iLDlTesT w i d e n (v.L) agalappadutthu {-u(si0, - u ^ g ) ) w i d t h (n.), breadth ^dSSOtb wife (n.) LDemssreS wild (adj.)maiL eSl{!gLlULb kattu w i l l (wish) (n.) viruppam w i l l i n g (ready) (adj.) viruppamulla, l3lfluJLDrreJsr eSl(uUL[>rTS w i n (v.L) G)sDJ)ff5) Q u n j / {-Gjup^-Quffjirtf) w i n n e r (n.) ySmdmya, evaruduiya verriperuvan w i n d o w (n.) gsjrssraj jamal _piriyamana viruppamaga verripenr willingly (adv.) manaivi agalam agalamana ' ^

w i p e (v.t); dry (by wiping) ^es)Lwire (n.) XSIMLSI (S^nsSTiSi eSlGeilSLD wise (adj.) Q5)Ga;i5(tpsfrTr vivekamidla, vivekamudaiya wish (v.); want OSIQ^LDLJ wish (n.) sSlq^uULD eSlqgULl <^Ql odu, s^L-SST udan withdraw (money, etc.) (v.t) lilsjrsi/n'ffiy pinvSngu {-oJiTiam, afnu kay -airrmiSi) withei: (v.i.); dry; heat up with (prep.) viruppam, viruppu virumbu kambi. nanam, vivekam wisdom (n.) thudai

within (in space or time) a_6rr ul, s^ehGerr illdthu, illdtha, illamal sdtchi pen dcchariyam uUe without (lacking) ^(ajsurrjs/ ^d)su/r^ ^soecrTLDiA) witness (n.) a^fTlL^ Quem ^s^fflfliuth wonder (v.) dcchariyam
(- Qmrrofrm,

white (adj.); whiteness (n.) QsuefrianOT yenmaiyana QajismetniS! who? 1U/77T yar whoever (pxon.) lumj . . . -s> /'n y a r . . . -um whole (adj.); entire QfiQ^ mulu whole Cn.) 6Td)su/rii eZ2am the whole (n.); total QLDIT^^LD whose? iuaqge<s)liu 6TSUS5>1_HJ why? ^ s s r en mottham QeuemetoLDiurresr whiteness (n.); purity -

woman (n.); g i r l wonder (n.); miracle

kol
- Slaaressr);

dcchariyamadai wonderful (adj.) piramathami ana) wood (substance) (n.) LDtJlD maram kambali moli wool (n.) aiCauefA QLDITL^ word (n.); saying; language -

166

167

w o r d (n.) eurrff^en)^ QfffT<so sol

vartthai, -

w o r m (n.); m a g g o t L/(tp pulu w o r r i s o m e (adj.) seuemenu^eaefT a;s!nsi) kavalai kavalaippadu kavalaiyulla

w r e c k ( a g e ) (n.) ^iflunQi w r e c k (v.t.) ^ q . idi ( g ) i , . , g ) 4 - ^ ^ ) eluthu w r i t e (v.) eT(Lpl

(T(yi^, S T O ^ )

y e U o w (adj. [ o r n . ] ) LC:(^ffea manjal yes^LDfT{LD) ama(m) yes; f i n e ; c o r r e c t 0^ff3[(i]) (nira[mj)

alipadu

w o r k , occupation; industry Q^nifido tholil tholilsli w o r k e r (n.) Q^rTLfistirre/H w o r k (n.); j o b Geuemei} w o r k (v.) GsKsnsu Q f f i u
(- Qffiuiu, -

w o r r y ( n . ) ; concern, c a r e w o r r y (v.i.) seueineouuCSl i-uL., worsevelai sey G L O g y z i GLDiTffLDrTesr melum mosamana worstLBS; GLDfT3=LDITem miga mosamana kumbidu w o r s h i p ( v . L ) ; b o w to (^LhiS}(Sl
(@UIL9I_, @U]I5LQ1)

ffrU sari
elutthalar y e s t e r d a y (n.) GlSpg^ nerru y e t (adv.), s t i l l ; m o r e ; furthermore ^esig^LD yet (till now) ^^euemrx ^uSl^LD you (nom) nf(sing.), fg/T nlr, nlhgal ( p i . ) $lBJSerT inrum ithuvarai ayinum

w r i t e r ( o f prose) (n.) eT(Lp0^rrefTff w r i t i n g (n.) eT(Lp0^ (gpipLD ajajgy ^emtM ^exjurresr elutthu kurrdm, thavaru, thappitham, thlmai thavarana,

velai

-uC(Si)

Qs^iugj)

p u t to w o r k (v.) CSsuemsi) Qffiuiu velai seyya vai

( - cnoj-SdS, -

w r o n g (n.); mistake -

emeu

esyaj^^)

^LJLS^IJD

y e t (nevertheless)

w o r k e r (n.) -

velaikkarar ( m . or f . ) , velaikkaran

QeuetnsDAsrrp'p' Qeuemeosxrrp'eir Qeuemecssmfl

s^eoSLD (m.),

w r o n g (adj.); m i s t a k e n eSLJl3^LCi[TisT thappithamana w r o n g l y (adv.); mistakenly ^eiirj'rrs ^uiSl^LDfTS thavaraga, thappithamaga

w o r s h i p (v.) L^sm^ QffiU w o r s h i p (n.) .^yjn'^eneiST ysm^ pujai pUjaisey (- Qsdjiu^ - Qs^dj^) aradhanai,

y o u (acc.) S-eisTes)eisT unnai ( s i n g . ) , s^liisemerr y o u (daL) S_ssrd5@ unakku ( s i n g . ) , uhgalai ( p i . )

velaikkdri (f.) w o r l d ( n . ) , earth ulagam w o r l d l y (adj.) s _ s u ulaga, QetierrSsLDfrew lauldkamana

w o i m d (n.); s o r e L/sssr pun w o m i d (injure) ( v . t ) -

Y
y e a r (n.) K(^aj(U) (eiiq^i varusham ^eisrQl andu I'n)

_ffi/(sr5(g ungalukku y o u n g (adj.) g)s!nsrriu ilaiya

(pi.)

LfemuQ^^^

punpadutthu

(varudam),

168

169

the young of some animals (gtlif kutti z e n i t h (n.); noon a_.#ffl ucchi z e r o (n. or adj.) Lj^tuiM bujyam zoo (n.) salai y o u r (possessive) (sing.) _sjr un, a-gargifS!ni_m s^isiserr uhgal, ungaludaiya mirugakkatchi ummdaiya y o u r (possessive) (pi.) aj5;(^einz_iu yours (singular) s^asrgj unathu, unnudaiyathu y o u r s (plural) ufigaludaiyathu yourself (reflex, pron.) 0Guj mye (familiar), mngale (hon.) nihgale ^liisGsiT 0riJs(Serr

FOOD

bitter-gourd uirsussilTUJ snake-gourd qL^eoiiiesfTlu greens-

pava-k-kay pudalangay

Vegetables
b a n a n a (green bananas used for cooking) OjfranLpsiismu valai-k-kay beans (butter beans) avarai-k-kay string b e a n s -

Seinix

kirai

l a d i e s ' fingers (okra) -

QeveisranL-^ssmij)
vendai(-k-kay) mushroomsiaemrasT onionQojfSJSSfTUJLD vehgayam peas, green kslan

kotthavarangay beetroot(C' bitrut katthiri-k-kay b r i n j a l (egg plant) 6!^^fl<B/riu cabbage-

ua^ma' ui'
pacchai potato -

I .frssafl

pattani

(5/rsfu gos
carrot-

urulai-k-kilahgu sweet potato

yourselves (reflex, pron.) youth (n.); immaturity; tenderness ^crrsDLD ilamai youth (young people) (n.) ^aneiTi^P' ilainar

'Gas/rtl'
cucumber vellari-k-kSy

kerat -

sarkkarai pumpkin upiBtSiasmiJ parahgi-k-kay

valli-k-kilangu

Qsuerrerrfhssmu
drumstick murungai-k-kSy egg p l a n t (brinjal) s^^l^aamu katthiri-k-kay

s p i n a c h (& greens i n gen.) SsJD/r tomato Krai thakkdli

^<S565/rnfl

170

171

Fruit
apple ^uiSlefT bananaappil

mango LDfTLbULpLb orange ^[r(^ aranju mam-palam

Cereals & Grains

barley lueuLD yavam {luemsxi) (yavai),

rice

(cooked) fffT^LDsatham mavu

GfffTffi] soru, rice flour^ f f l ^ Ijsmaj wheat Qs;aies)LD refined w h e a t aniD^rr

LDrrsi^ arisi ravai

eurremLpuuLpLD
vdlai-p-palam custard apple sitthd-p-paUun datespericcham-palam figs^^^UULpiJD gooseberryQfSsosSlasrriU grapes^rrmLes)a= guava Qsmuiurr jackfrilit ueorruuLpih lemon/lime STffl/ iBs^mf elumiccham-palam elumicchai, pala-p-palam goyya thiratchai nelli-k-kay atthi-p-palam

loosejacket orange

ajfTpQ3irT^es)LD vargothumai flourLDfTeij grain s^rrasfllULD dhaniyam m a i z e (U.S.: c o m ) makkd-c-chdlam m i l l e t ( i n general) ^es)esT a millet SLDLI kambu sdlam kelvaragu milo QmefTLa ragi (3iSy)Sl/ir@ rice Qfgeb nel arisi (unhusked) thinai mavu

semolina -

SLDsvrr c ^ O ' ( g j
kamala papayauuurTsM{uuLpiM) pappdH( -p-palam) pineapple aranju

gothumai flour flour -

maidha

whole wheat gothumai

^eiresTfT^uuLpih
annasi-p-palam raisinscss/riu/ja; kayntha sapota s^uQumLi^rr sweet-lime s:fT0^S(gui. water-melon ^/rysru dharbUs, satthukkudi sappotta ^[rmLes)3= thiratchai

mavu

L e g u m e s & Pulses
b e n g a l g r a m (split) d51_SinSU kadalai UQ^ULJ flour paruppu

bengal g r a m

a!L_s!nso ui/TSi/ kadalai mavu b l a c k g r a m (split) uluttham UlU^^LD payattham paruppu U(ULj paruppu

g r e e n g r a m (split)

dhar-p-pOsani wood-apple vilam-palam eSlerrrTLhuifiLh

r i c e (husked, b u t u n c o o k e d ) ^ffi& rice (parboiled) arisi

s p l i t g r a m ( p i g e o n pea) thuvaram paruppu

pulungal

172

173

Nuts & on
almondsUfT^fTLO badhSm UfTS!^ cashewnut

Seeds

Spices & Condiments

anise GarnhLj sombu peruhgayam ela-k-kay milagay

oregano i^LDLD omam pepperL3err(g a3'ag=fT tamarind L/srS puli turmeric LD(e^3=erT manjal vinegararrutkMi milagu kasakasa poppy s e e d -

Other Foods
breadQrrmLuf. butterQeueisrQessnlj buttermilk QiDrrif coffeesnuiSl kdppi coffee beans kappi-k-kottai coffee poTvder smJiS^^err mattu-k-kari creamc^(Sjr)L_ ddai, edu

U(ULI paruppu pakku -

rotti venney

asafoetida Quq^lilstTiULb cardamom ^isossilTiu chiUiLSIerrmrriu

arecca-nut-

mor

munthiri-p-paruppu coconut G^liimiTlU thengay g r o u n d n u t (peanut) (ver-k-)kadalai linseed^e^eSlm^ mustard s e e d <B(g kadugu peanut (groundnut) (Gl//r<55)LS!nsO (ver-k-)kadalai pistachio l3<s<MS,!T pistha sesame (gingelly) seed CTsfrisrj ellu sunflower seed aliviihai

cinnamon uiLemL^ pattai clove SlirrnhLj coriander Qxrr^^LDebsSI cumin ^prsLD slragam c u r r y leaf kariveppilai fenugreek Qey^^iuiM garlicLj^essrQl gingerinji nutmeg SFrr^sxmu jdthi-k-kSy pUndu venthayam kotthamalli kirSmbu

Flesh. F o w l . & Sea F o o d

beefiXiml(i1<S5<Bff5) chicken GatTL^ crabjBsmQl fishnandu kolj

kappi-t-thul

curds^uSl^ thayir muttai egg (chicken) (LpiLmL^ Q^tu milkattu-k-kari panri-k-kari urreo sugar s^p'sxemp' sugar-cane sq^LDLj sarkkarai karumbu pdl ney

iSeir mm
meatcSSffS mutton porkuarr^ssr^ prawQS ^prreo irdl kari -

ghee (clarified butter) -

^il(ilff5)

siiriya-ganthi

vithai

174

175

acc. = accusative (case) n. noun, nominal adj. = adjective obj. = objective (dat. case) adv. = adverb opp. = opposite agric. = agriculture p. = participle art = article (gram, term) p.p. = past participle astron. = astronomy pi. = plural bio. = biology pol. = polite (or politics) boL = botany poss. = possessive (case) conj. = conjunction (gram.) pred. = predicate dat. = dative (case) pron. = pronoun esp. = especially reflex. = reflexive excl. = exclusive respect = respectful f. = feminine (gender) v. respect = very respectful fam. = familiar (address) sing.= singular gen. = general s.o.= someone hon. = honorific (address) Spk.Tam.= spoken Tamil ind. = inclusive sth.= something instru. = instrumental (case) sirf.= suffix inteq. = interjection temp.= temperature inteir. = inteffogative V. = verb iff. = iffegular v.i. = verb instransitive irrat = irrational v.t = verb transitive m. = masculine (gender) voc. = vocative (case)
176

ions Used