7(0(//(5ø17$ù,0$*h&h


7DúÕPDJFQQ]HULQGH\NOHQHQ]HPLQGHWHPHO]HPLQ
LoHULVLQHDUWDQELUKÕ]ODEDWDUDNJ|oHU%XJ|oPHQLQPH\GDQD
JHOGL÷L\NH]HPLQLQWDúÕPDJFGHQLU


6|PHO
4
3DVLI'LUHQo

,,, ,
,, +DUHNHW


<DSÕ\NDOWÕQGDROXúDQNDPDODUÕQELUELULQLLWPHVLLOHROXúDQ
SDVLIGLUHQoJ|]|QQHDOÕQDUDNEHOLUOHQHQWDúÕPDJF

6X\DGR\JXQNLOOL]HPLQGH3UDQGWOT &
%XIRUPOGHWHPHO\]YHWHPHOWDEDQÕSU]V]RODUDNNDEXO
HGLOPLúWLU








=HPLQ\]QGHQEHOOLELUGHULQOLNWHYHSU]OELUWDEDQD
RWXUDQWHPHOOHULoLQ7HU]DJKLWDUDIÕQGDQJHOLúWLULOHQGL÷HU
ELUKHVDSPHWRGX

γ1 'I

γ2 ‘
‘


ItYH&!LoLQ

T .&1&J'I1T.1J%J

%XIRUPOGH
.YH.ùHNLO.DWVD\ÕODUÕ
&.RKH]\RQ
'I7HPHOGHULQOL÷L

JhVWWDEDND\DDLW]HPLQELULPKDFLPD÷ÕUOÕ÷Õ
J7HPHODOWÕQGDNLWDEDNDQÕQELULPKDFLPD÷ÕUOÕ÷Õ
%7HPHOJHQLúOL÷L

1&1T1J‘GH÷HULQHED÷OÕNDWVD\ÕODU
 ùHNLO.DWVD\ÕODUÕ
ùHNLO ùHULW 'LNG|UWJHQ .DUH 'DLUH
.DWVD\ÕODUÕ / f %!/ % / % / '
.  %/  
.  ±%/  

7DúÕPD*F.DWVD\ÕODUÕ
‘ 1& 1T 1J
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

6X\DGR\JXQNLOOL]HPLQOHUGHDQL\NOHPHKDOLQGH
‘ & TÎ1& 1T 1J 

TG .&JI'I

4G $TG
(PQL\HWOLWDúÕPDJFTV TG*V


7HPHOOHULQ7DúÕPD*FQ(WNLOH\HQ)DNW|UOHU
 ùHNLO)DNW|U
 %LULPKDFLP$÷ÕUOÕ÷ÕWHPHODOWÕQGDNLYHVWQGHNL]HPLQH
DLWGH÷HUOHUDUWWÕNoDWDúÕPDJFDUWDUGHIRUPDV\RQODU
D]DOÕU
 =HPLQFLQVL&YH‘GH÷HUOHUL
 7HPHO|OoOHUL%JHQLúOL÷L
 <$66GH÷LúLNOLNOHUL6XVHYL\HVL\NVHOGL÷L]DPDQHIHNWLI

JHULOPHOHUD]DOÕUJ$NXOODQÕOÕUYHWDúÕPDJFGúHU
 )DUNOÕRWXUPDODU<NGD÷ÕOÕPÕQGDNLIDUNOÕOÕNODUX\XPVX]
JHULOPHGD÷ÕOÕPÕ