Lung Parasites

1. Paragonimus westermani (Trematodes, Platyhelminthes) y Oriental / Westerman's lung fluke y Sputum, feces y Praziquantel

2. Pthirus pubis y Crab louse y Nits, nymphs

3. Sarcoptes scabiei y Stratum corneum

2. Pneumocystis jirovecii / carinii y Pneumocystis pneumonia y Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole

Skin Endoparasites

Skin Parasites
Skin Ectoparasites y Permethrin 1. Pediculus humanus y Body louse

1. Acanthamoeba y Keratitis, encephalitis y AIDS, Lupus

2. Loa loa (Nematodes) y Filariasis, Calabar swelling y Deer fly y Diethylcarbamazine

Unstained sheath

Amastigote 6. Toxoplasma gondii (Apicomplexa) y Toxoplasmosis y Def. host: Cat y Bradyzoites, Tachyzoites

3. Onchocerca volvulus (Nematodes) y River blindness y Black fly (Simulium) y No nuclei at end of tip

Pseudocyst

4. Cutaneous Larva Migrans (Ancylostoma braziliensis) y Serpiginous lesions (creeping, ground itch) y Albendazole 5. Leishmania (Sarcomastigophora, Trypanosoma) y Phlebotomus (sand fly) y Amphotericin B y New World Cutaneous (L. mexicana) y Ulcers, AIDS y Old World Cutaneous (L. major, L. tropicana, L. aethiopia) y Oriental sore, diffuse, local y Mucocutaneous (L. braziliensis) y Espundia isceral (L. donovani) y y Kala azar, hepatosplenomegaly y Kinetoplast

Sporulated oocyst

Heart & Muscle Parasites

1. Trypanosoma cruzi (Sarcomastigophora) y Trypanosomiasis, Chagas Diseases y Reduviid bug y Nifurtimox

Amastigotes

Encysted larvae 3. Taenia solium (Cestodes) y Pork Tapeworm, Neurocysticercosis (Albendazole) y 4 suckers, 2 rows hooks y Cysticercus, Int. Host: Humans y Niclosamide

Trypomastigote 2. Trichinella spiralis (Nematodes) y Trichinosis, Pork Worm y Lymphatic system y Mebendazole Hooks

Gravid proglottid

Adult female

Blood, Bone Marrow & Spleen Parasites

Sarcomastigophora 1. Trypanosoma cruzi, brucei y See Heart & Muscle Parasites y Sleeping Sickness y Tsetse fly y Kinetoplastids, VSG coat Trypomastigotes Nematodes y Diethylcarbamazine 1. Brugia malayi y Lymphatic filariasis, Elephantiasis 2. Trypanosoma rhodiense

2. Wuchereria bancrofti y Sexual dimorphism y Aedes egypti mosquito

Trypomastigotes 3. Trypanosoma gambiense

Sheathed Tapered tail (no nuclei) 3. Loa loa y See Skin Parasites

Apicomplexa, Sporozoa 1. Plasmodium falciparum y Tertian malaria y Female Anopheles mosquito y Peripheral blood smear y Quinine, Mefloquine, Chloroquine

y y

Erythrocytic stage (schizogonic division, macro/microgametes) Mosquito stage

Ring stage

Ring stage

Band forms

Microgametocyte

Trophozoite

Macrogametocyte 2. Plasmodium malariae y Quartan malaria y Liver stage (schizonts, merozoites) y Primaquine Segmenter (meronts)

Mature segmenters Mature segmenter (rosette arrangement of nuclei) 3. Plasmodium ovale y Tertian malaria y Schuffner's dots y Hypnozoite 4. Plasmodium vivax y Tertian malaria y James' dots y Splenomegaly

Schuffner's dots

Ring stage Gametocyte

Oocysts (mosquito) Developing segmenters

ellipsoidal 2. Entamoeba coli y Commensal parasite y Chromatin y Karyosome: irregular, large

Schizonts (mosquito) 5. Toxoplasma gondii y See Skin Parasites

Intestinal Protozoa
Amoebas y Metronidazole 1. Endolimax nana y Fecal smear y Smallest intestinal parasite y No chromatoid bodies y No peripheral chromatin y Karyosome: irregular, large, fragmented
y y

Cysts 8 nuclei spherical

Trophozoite Vesiculous nucleus 3. Entamoeba histolytica y Liver abscess (Ameboma), Dysentery y Elliptical chromatoid body y Karyosome: central, discrete

Trophozoite

Cysts 4 nuclei

Cysts 4 nuclei

5. Iodamoeba butschlii y Glycogen mass y Karyosome: irregular, large, peripheral

Trophozoite
y y y

Cyst 1 nuclei ovoid Glycogen vacuole

Charcot-Leyden crystal (Amoebiasis) 4. Entamoeba hartmanni y Peripheral chromatin y Sausage-shaped chromatoid body y Karyosome: irregular, small, eccentric Trophozoite Sporozoans 1. Cryptosporidium parvum y Sporulated oocyst y Paromomycin y Multiple fission (Merogony) Immature Cyst 1 or 2 nuclei spherical Mature Cyst 4 nuclei Feeder organelle (Desmosome junction)

y y y

Trophozoite

2. Cyclospora cayetanensis y Traveler's diarrhea y Unsporulated oocyst y Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Zoomastigophora 1. Chilomastix mesnili

Cysts

3. Isospora belli

Trophozoite 2. Giardia lamblia y Smiley face y Lactase deficiency

Sporont (single cell)

Sporoblast (two cell) 4. Sarcocystis

Cysts

Trophozoite

Others 1. Dientamoeba fragilis y 2 nuclei

Intestinal Nematodes
1. Ascaris lumbricoides Loeffler's Syndrome y y Pyrantel Pamoate

2. Balantidium coli (Ciliates, Protista)

Fertilized, Corticated

Cyst

Fertilized, Decorticated

Trophozoite 3. Blastocystis hominis Unfertilized 2. Enterobius vermicularis y Pinworm y Albendazole

3. Strongyloides stercoralis y Threadworm, Loeffler's Syndrome y Parthenogenesis y Auto-infection

5. Necator americanus

Can-shaped, Hyaline shell

4. Ancylostoma duodenale y Hookworm y Kato Katz Technique

6. Capillaria philippinensis y Int. Host: Fish y Auto-infection 2 symmetrical plates with teeth

Bipolar plugs Intestine wound

2 spicules

7. Trichuris trichiura y Whipworm, Rectal Prolapse y Large intestine

Oncosphere, Polar filaments 3. Taenia saginata y Beef tapeworm y No rostellum y 4 suckers y Vitelline gland Female Anterior - slender Posterior - thick

Intestinal Cestodes
y

Praziquantel Cysticercoid

1. Hymenolepis diminuta y Rat tapeworm

Mature proglottid No polar filaments

No hooks

2. Hymenolepis nana y Dwarf tapeworm y Only cestode that does not need an Int. Host 4 suckers y Gravid proglottid

4. Taenia solium y See Heart & Muscle Parasites 5. Diphyllobothrium latum y Broad Fish tapeworm

Egg packets

Operculated, knob (post. end)

Rosette uterus

7. Echinococcus granulosus (Liver Tapeworm) y Hydatid Worm y 3 proglottids y Surgery, Mebendazole

6. Dipylidium caninum y Cucumber / Dog tapeworm, Double-Pore tapeworm y Def. Host: Fleas Scolex with hooks

3. Fasciola hepatica y Common Liver Fluke, Sheep Liver Fluke y Bile duct

Hydatid brood capsule

Intestinal Trematodes
y

Praziquantel

4. Fasciolopsis buski y Giant Intestinal Fluke

1. Schistosoma mansoni y Katayama Fever y Granulomas, hepatosplenomegaly y Hemozoin pigment

2. Schistosoma japonicum 5. Clonorchis sinensis / Opisthorchis viverrini y Human Liver Fluke y Bile duct, gallbladder

6. Paragonimus westermani y See Lung Parasites