y Has one independent clause and no subordinating clauses y Independent clauses: Stand by themselves y Remember: a complete sentence has a subject, a verb (predicate), and expresses a complete thought y Examples: y Suzie ran to school yesterday morning. y I cooked a pizza for dinner. y WATCH OUT FOR COMPOUND VERBS! Does not mean compound sentence y Kim and Maureen read each other s short stories and made many suggestions for improvements.
subordinate clause (dependent clause) y Independent clauses are joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction or a semi-colon (;) y Coordinating Conjunction: FANBOYS
y For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Compound Examples
y Independent Clauses are underlined, coordinating conjunction or semi-colon bolded
destroyed, and many trees burned down. y They studied for the test; it was easy for them.
Complex Sentence
y Contains one independent clause and at least one
subordinate clause
y Subordinate clause:
y y
Also called dependent clause Does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence May appear in beginning, middle, or at the end of a sentence 2 types of subordinating clauses: Adjective and adverb
subordinating conjunction
y Common Conjunctions: AAAWWUBBIS
y
Although, after, as, when, while, until, because, before, if, since Who, whom, whose, which, and that
Carter s secretary of housing and urban development, was the first African American woman to be a Cabinet member. (adjective clause) y When I hear classical music, I think of Aunt Sofia.
(adverb clause)
is the Inter-Tribal Indian Ceremonial, which involves many different American Indian peoples.
(two adjective clauses)
y Underline the Subordinate Clause in the Following Sentence and Circle the relative pronoun or subordinating conjunction 1. Helen Keller, who is shown in the photograph at the top, became very ill as a small child. 2. After she recovered from the illness, she could no longer see or hear. 3. Because she could not hear, she also lost her ability to speak. 4. Helen Keller, who overcame severe physical impairments, showed great determination. 5. Keller was fortunate because she had such a skillful loving teacher.
Practice Answers
y Underline the Subordinate Clause in the Following Sentence and Circle the relative pronoun or subordinating conjunction 1. Helen Keller, who is shown in the photograph at the top, became very ill as a small child. 2. After she recovered from the illness, she could no longer see or hear. 3. Because she could not hear, she also lost her ability to speak. 4. Helen Keller, who overcame severe physical impairments, showed great determination. 5. Keller was fortunate because she had such a skillful loving teacher.
Classifying Sentences
y Decide if the sentences below are Simple, Compound, or
Complex. Circle the conjunction or relative pronoun. 1. I drew an illustration of a poem that was written by Robert Hayden. 2. The Olympic skaters felt anxious, but they still performed their routine perfectly. 3. Kamehameha Day is an American holiday that honors the king who united the islands of Hawaii. 4. For the first time in his life, Luke saw the ocean. 5. If you had a choice, would you rather visit China or Japan?
6. The bull was donated to the children s zoo by the people who bought it at the auction. 7. Lookout Mountain, which is in Tennessee, was the site of a battle during the Civil War. 8. The guide led us through Mammoth Cave; she explained the difference between stalactites and stalagmites. 9. Wilhelm Steinitz of Austria became famous after he was officially recognized as the first world champion of chess. 10. Amy Tan is the author of the book The Joy Luck Club.
Complex. Circle the conjunction or relative pronoun. 1. I drew an illustration (of a poem) that was written by Robert Hayden. complex 2. The Olympic skaters felt anxious, but they still performed their routine perfectly. compound 3. Kamehameha Day is an American holiday that honors the king who united the islands of Hawaii. complex 4. (For the first time in his life), Luke saw the ocean. simple 5. If you had a choice, would you rather visit China or Japan? complex
6. The bull was donated to the children s zoo (by the people) who bought it at the auction. complex 7. Lookout Mountain, which is (in Tennessee), was the site (of a battle) (during the Civil War). complex 8. The guide led us (through Mammoth Cave); she explained the difference (between stalactites and stalagmites). compound 9. Wilhelm Steinitz (of Austria) became famous after he was officially recognized as the first world champion (of chess). Complex 2 subordinate clauses! 10. Amy Tan is the author of the book The Joy Luck Club. simple