MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS Psychologist Abraham Maslow defined basic human needs as a hierarchy, a progression from simple physical

needs to more complex emotional needs (see figure 1-2). a. Types of Needs. (1) Physiological--food, water, sleep,

shelter, oxygen. (2)

Safety--security,

stability, order, physical safety. (3) Love and belonging-affection, identification,

companionship. (4) Esteem and

recognition--self-esteem, self-respect, success, others. (5) Self-actualization--self-Figure 1-2. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. fulfillment, achieving prestige, esteem of

one's own capabilities. (6) Aesthetic--beauty,

harmony, spiritual.

b. Relationship Between Levels of Needs. (1) According to Maslow, the basic physiological needs related to survival (food, water, etc.) must be met first of all. (2) These basic physiological needs have a greater priority over those higher on the pyramid. They must be met before the person can move on to higher level needs. In other words, a person who is starving will not be concentrating on building his self-esteem. A patient in severe pain will not be concerned with improving his interpersonal relationships. (3) Generally speaking, each lower level must be achieved before the next higher level(s) can be focused upon.  COMPARISON OF BASIC HUMAN NEEDS AND MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS The categories of Maslow's hierarchy are closely related to the basic human needs discussed in paragraph 1-6. Table 1-1 contains a comparison.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Physiological: Food, shelter, water, sleep, oxygen Safety: Security, stability, order, physical safety

Basic Human Needs Physical Needs:

Food, water, oxygen, elimination, clothing and shelter for body, warmth and protection, activity, or sensory and motor stimulation, including sex, physical exercise, and rest

Love Affection,

and

Belonging: Emotional identification, Love, including

Needs: approval and

companionship Esteem and Recognition:

esteem,

importance,

including

recognition and respect, adequacy, including self-sufficiency and the need to be needed and wanted, productivity, including work an creative pursuits Self-actualization: Self-fulfillment, capabilities Aesthetic: Beauty, harmony, spiritual Table 1-1. Comparison of basic human needs and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. a. Physical needs are roughly equivalent to Maslow's physiological and safety needs. b. Emotional needs are roughly equivalent to Maslow's love and belonging and esteem and recognition needs. c. Social needs are roughly equivalent to Maslow's self-actualization and aesthetic needs. achieving Social one's Identification or Needs: belonging, Self-esteem, self-respect, prestige, success, esteem of others

education or learning, religion or spiritual, recreation or play

Tanggapan:
Saya lebih sependapat dengan teori dari Maslow.karena dibagi dalam 5 tingkatan kebutuhan dasar yang meliputi beberapa sub kebutuhan yang lebih spesifik dengan prioritas tinggi dan saling berkaitan. Adapun kebutuhan yang paling penting dan mendasar dimulai dari:

1. Kebutuhan

fisiologis

(physiological),yang

meliputi ini

kebutuhan sangat

oksigen,air,nutrisi,eliminasi,istirahat,dll.Kebutuhan

menjadi

penting karena sebagai modal untuk bisa beraktifitas,dan berusaha untuk memenuhi kebutuhan selanjutnya.Apabila kebutuhan ini tidak

terpenuhi,maka individu tersebut akan teranggu homeostasisnya dalam mempertahankan hidupnya. 2. Kebutuhan rasa aman,nyaman dan terlindungi dari bahaya ataupun cidera. Kebutuhan ini bisa dirasakan setiap individu,jika kebutuhan fisiologisnya sudah terpenuhi,karena merasa dirinya sudah mampu. 3. Kebutuhan rasa cinta dan kasih sayang. Setelah kebutuhan fisiologi dan keamanan serta perlindungan sudah terpenuhi,maka individu tersebut akan berusaha mencari

perhatian,berinteraksi dengan orang lain,dan berobsesi dirinya bermakna untuk orang lain,melalu suatu rasa cinta dan saling mengasihi. 4. Kebutuhan rasa harga diri dan dihargai orang lain. Kebutuhan ini akan dimiliki,apabla ketiga kebutuhan diatas terpenuhi dan akan berkembang seirng bertambahnya usia individu.Dalam setiap aktifitas apapun,ia ingin dianggap ada dan berusaha melakukannya untuk orang lain dengan maksimal. 5. Kebutuhan aktualisasi diri Kebutuhan ini akan reflek terjadi,jika keempat kebutuhan diatasnya terpenuhi secara bertahap,ingin menunjukkan atau membuktikan bahwa dia mampu, berpotensi, berkreasi dan bisa melakukan segalanya dengan penuh tanggung jawab dan rasa percaya diri yang tinggi.

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