Sums of Ten It is essential that your student know all of the sums of ten facts.

These facts include: 0+10=10 and 10+0=10 1+9=10 and 9+1=10 2+8=10 and 8+2=10 3+7=10 and 7+3=10 4+6=10 and 6+4=10 5+5=10 Our goal is memorization of these facts, but flash-cards are not the best way to do this because it is important that students understand why these facts work. One way that the students like to practice showing their understanding of the concepts of the sums of ten is with a ten frame. Ten Frame

The students understand that a ten frame has spaces to hold ten individual markers. On the following page there is an example of how to use a ten frame, and I have included a blank template for you to use with your student. Some excellent markers to use at home include:

coins

colored paper clips

bingo chips

Cheerios/Fruit Loops

Be creative!

How to Use the Ten Frame

6+___=10
1. Place (or have your student place) 6 items in the ten frame.

2. Fill the rest of the ten frame with an object of a different size or color.

3. Ask your student how many of the new objects s/he had to add to fill up the ten frame. This number is the answer.

six (6)

four (4)

= ten (10) 6+4=10

Sums of Ten Worksheet

_____+_____=10

Turn-Arounds It is very important that your student understand that addition problems can be written multiple ways. For example:

7+2=9 is the same thing as 2+7=9

We like to call this a Turn-Around. In the example above, 2+7=9 is the turn-around of 7+2=9. Both of the problems include the same numbers and the same answer; the only difference is the order of the numbers. Students need to understand that the order of the first two terms does not matter, because either way the problem is written, the answer is the same. Using manipulatives at home is an excellent way to demonstrate addition problems, and this will also work well for demonstrating turn-arounds. Manipulatives can be anything from around your home that your student can easily handle and count. Examples of manipulatives include:

Buttons

Fruit Loops

Paper Clips

Once you have collected some manipulatives for your student, come up with an addition equation, such as:

4+1=5
Give your student four manipulatives (such as paper clips) and keep one for yourself. Ask your student how many paper clips s/he has. Tell your student that you have one paper clip. Give your student your paper clip and group the paper clips as shown below. Write corresponding numbers to go with the groups. Then, move the paper clips into on pile. Ask how many paper clips s/he now has.

------->
4 + 1 = 5

After your student has successfully answered that there are five paper clips, change the scenario. Give your student one paper clip and keep four for yourself. Ask your student how many paper clips s/he has. Ask your student how man paper clips you have. Give your student your paper clips and group the paper clips as shown below. Write corresponding numbers to go with the groups. Then, move the paper clips into on pile. Ask how many paper clips s/he now has.

------->
1 + 4 = 5
Ask your student what s/he noticed about the two situations. Emphasize that all of the groups were the same, but the order of the first groups was switched. Point out that the same is true of the numbers; there is always a 1, a 4, and a 5, but the 1 and the 4 can switch places. Try some other equations (such as 3+5=8, 6+4=10, etc.), following the same method. You can even try having your student demonstrate the process alone. After your student understands the concept of the turnaround, have them try to re-write some equations. Start by having them only switch one term. For example:

1 + 7 = 8 .................. 7 +___= 8

2 + 3 = 5.................. ___+ 2 = 5

Then have your student re-write the entire equation as a turnaround. For example:

4 + 6 = 10 .................. ___+___ = ___

5 + 2 = 7 .................. ___+___ = ___

Finally, have your student complete an equation alone and then write the corresponding turnaround. Or, have him/her write the turn-around before finding the sum if the turn-around helps him/her find the answer. For example:

2 + 4 = ___ .................. ___ + ___ = ___

1 + 9 = ___ ................. ___+___=___

The more practice, the better!