An example of linear and quadratic b - spline values and

derivatives for a fixed set of knots. To be used when verifying B

- spline implementations (e.g. PPPACK, gsl_bspline).
In[35]:= H* Define Bsplines recursively *L
Clear@t, x, B, dBD;
B@j_, 0D := If@x@@jDD £ ð < x@@j + 1DD, 1, 0D &;
B@j_, n_D := FunctionBt, FullSimplifyB

IfBt ¹ x@@jDD && x@@j + nDD ¹ x@@jDD,

t - x@@jDD
€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ B@j, n - 1D@tD,
x@@j + nDD - x@@jDD
0F
+
IfBt ¹ x@@j + n + 1DD && x@@j + n + 1DD ¹ x@@j + 1DD,
x@@j + n + 1DD - t
€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ B@j + 1, n - 1D@tD,
x@@j + n + 1DD - x@@j + 1DD
0F

FF;

In[38]:= H* Establish our knots *L

x = 8-3, -3, -3, 2, 9, 12, 21, 21, 21<;
H* Establish our sample locations *L
xloc = 88t ® 0<, 8t ® 5<, 8t ® 9<, 8t ® 12<, 8t ® 15<<;

In[40]:= H* Examine k=2 linears *L

Plot@8B@1, 1D@tD, B@2, 1D@tD, B@3, 1D@tD, B@4, 1D@tD, B@5, 1D@tD, B@6, 1D@tD<,
8t, -4, 22<, PlotRange ® FullD

1.0

0.8

0.6

Out[40]=
0.4

0.2

5 10 15 20
2 bsplineverification.nb

In[41]:= Table@B@i, 1D@tD, 8i, 6<D  MatrixForm

Table@B@i, 1D@tD, 8i, 6<D . xloc  MatrixForm
Out[41]//MatrixForm=
i
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≤
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7
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jµ €€9€ H-12 + tL 12 < t < 21 z
1 z
k {
Out[42]//MatrixForm=
2 3
i
j
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z
j
j z
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j
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j 0 0 €€7€ €€7€ 0 0 z z
j
j z
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j 0 0 0 0 1 0 z z
j
j z
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j0 0 0 0 €€3€ €€3€ z
k {
 bsplineverification.nb 3

In[43]:= D@Table@B@i, 1D@tD, 8i, 5<D, tD  MatrixForm

H* For indeterminate values, consult the function table and use the value
corresponding to either left or right continuity in your implementation *L
D@Table@B@i, 1D@tD, 8i, 5<D, tD . xloc  MatrixForm
Out[43]//MatrixForm=
i
j 0 y
z
j z
jØ
j z
≤
j 0 t < -3 z
j ≤
≤
z
z
j≤
j z
j ≤ z
j≤
j 1 z
j ≤ - €€5€ -3 < t < 2 zz
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j ≤ z
j≤
j 0 t>2 z
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j
j ≤
≤
z
z
z
z
j
j
j
j ± Indeterminate True z
z
z
z
j
j z
z
jØ
j z
j
j ≤
≤
0 t < -3 z
z
j≤
z
j ≤
≤
z
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≤ €€5€ -3 < t < 2 zz
≤
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j 0 t>9 z
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j ≤
≤
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j
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z
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z
j
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jØ
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j
j ≤
≤
0 t<2 z
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j≤
z
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≤
z
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≤
≤
€€7€ 2<t<9 z
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j z
z
j z
±
j Indeterminate True z
z
j
j z
z
j
j z
z
jØ
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j
j ≤
≤
0 t<9 z
z
j≤
z
j
j ≤
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≤ 1
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≤ €€3€ 9 < t < 12 zz
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≤ - €€9€ 12 < t < 21 z
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≤
≤
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j ≤
≤
≤
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j≤
j
j ≤ 0 t > 21 z
z
j ≤
≤
z
z
k± Indeterminate True {
Out[44]//MatrixForm=
1 1
i0
j - €€5€ €€5€ 0 0y
z
j
j z
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j
j z
z
j
j 1 1 z
z
j
j 0 0 - €€7€ €€7€0 z
z
j
j z
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j z
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j
j 0 0 Indeterminate Indeterminate Indeterminate z
z
j
j z
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j
j z
z
j
j 0 0 0 Indeterminate Indeterminate z
z
j
j z
z
j
j 1
z
z
j0 0 0 0 - €€9€ z
k {

In[45]:= H* Examine k=3 quadratics *L

Plot@8B@1, 2D@tD, B@2, 2D@tD, B@3, 2D@tD, B@4, 2D@tD, B@5, 2D@tD, B@6, 2D@tD<,
8t, -3, 21<, PlotRange ® FullD
1.0

0.8

0.6

Out[45]=
0.4

0.2

5 10 15 20
4 bsplineverification.nb

In[46]:= Table@B@i, 2D@tD, 8i, 6<D  MatrixForm

H* For indeterminate values, consult the function table and use the value
corresponding to either left or right continuity in your implementation *L
Table@B@i, 2D@tD, 8i, 6<D . xloc  MatrixForm
Out[46]//MatrixForm=
1 2
i
j
j µ €€€€€
25
H-2 + tL -3 £ t < 2 y
z
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j≤
j 1 2 z
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≤
€€€€
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€ H-9 + tL 2 £ t < 9 z
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≤
z
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≤ - 300
1
€€€€€€€ H3 + tL H-69 + 17 tL -3 < t < 2
z
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j ± z
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≤
1 2 z
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30
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≤ 5 z
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≤ €€€€
12
€ t Š 2 z
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≤
z
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j≤
1 2 z
≤
j tL t 2 z
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≤
€€€€ € H3 + -3 < < z
z
j≤
j 60 z
j ≤ z
j≤
j z
j
j ≤
≤ 1
€€€€€€ € H-9 + H114 - 11 tL tL 2 < t < 9
z
z
z
z
j
j
j
j ± 420
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z
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z
j
j z
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jØ
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≤
1 2 z
z
j≤
j €€€€€€ € H-21 + tL 12 £ t < 21 z
j≤
z
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j ≤
≤
108 z
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j≤
z
j ≤
≤
≤ 7
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≤
j t 9 z
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≤
€€€€
10
€ Š z
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j ∞ z
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j z
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j≤
j ≤
≤
1 2 z
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≤ €€€€ € H-2 + tL 2 < t < 9 z
j≤
j z
j
j ≤
≤
≤
70 z
z
z
j
j
j ≤
≤
≤ 1 z
z
z
j €€€€€€ € H-1089 + H234 - 11 tL tL 9 < t < 12 z
j
j
j
j ± 180 z
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≤
1 z
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≤
≤
€€4€ t Š 12 z
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j
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≤
≤ 1 2
z
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z
j∞
j
j tL 9 t 12 z
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j
j ≤
≤
≤
€€€€
36
€ H-9 + < < z
z
z
j
j
j ≤
≤
≤
z
z
z
j
j ≤ - 324
1
€€€€€€€ H-21 + tL H-75 + 7 tL 12 < t < 21 z z
±
j
j z
z
j
j z
z
j
j z
z
j
jµ
j 1 2 z
z
z
€€€€
81
€ H-12 + tL 12 < t < 21
k {
Out[47]//MatrixForm=
4 69 3
i
j
j €€€€€
25
€€€€€€€
100
€€€€€
20
0 0 0 y z
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€€€€€
21
€€€€€€€
210
€€€€€
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0 z
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10
€€€€€
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z
z
j
j z
z
j
j 1 5 1 z z
j0 0 0 €€3€ €€9€ €€9€ z
k {

In[48]:= D@Table@B@i, 2D@tD, 8i, 6<D, tD  MatrixForm

D@Table@B@i, 2D@tD, 8i, 6<D, tD . xloc  MatrixForm
 bsplineverification.nb 5

Out[48]//MatrixForm=
Ø
≤ 0 t < -3
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≤
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j
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≤
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≤ 0 t < -3 z
z
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≤
≤
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≤
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z
z
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j≤
j
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≤
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z
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≤
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j ≤
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z
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j z
j
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≤
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≤
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j≤
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≤
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≤
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z
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≤ 0 t < 9 ÈÈ t Š 9 z
z
j≤
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≤
z
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j≤
z
j ≤
≤
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j≤
j €€€€ € H-9 + tL 9 < t < 12 z
j
j ≤
≤
≤
18 z
z
z
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≤
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j
j
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j 324 324 z
j
j
j ≤
≤
≤
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z
z
j
j
j ≤
≤
≤
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z
z
j
j
j ≤ z
z
z
j
j
j
j ± Indeterminate True z
z
z
z
j z
j
j Ø
≤ 0 t < 12 ÈÈ t Š 12 z
z
j
j≤
j
j ≤
≤
z
z
z
≤ z
j≤
j 2 z
j
j ≤ €€€€ € H-12 + tL 12 < t < 21 z
z
z
j
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≤
81 z
z
j ≤ z
j≤
j z
j ≤ z
j≤
j 0 t > 21 z
j ≤
≤
z
z
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k± Indeterminate True {
Out[49]//MatrixForm=
4 3 1
i
j
j - 25
€€€€€ €€€€€
50
€€€€€
10
0 0 0 y z
z
j
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6 bsplineverification.nb

In[50]:= D@Table@B@i, 2D@tD, 8i, 6<D, 8t, 2<D  MatrixForm

D@Table@B@i, 2D@tD, 8i, 6<D, 8t, 2<D . xloc  MatrixForm
Out[50]//MatrixForm=
Ø
≤ 0 t < -3
i
j ≤
≤
y
z
j≤
j z
j
j
j ≤
≤
≤
2
€€€€€ -3 < t < 2 z
z
z
z
j∞
j
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z
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≤
z
z
z
≤ z
j≤
j 0 t>2 z
j
j
j ≤
≤
z
z
z
z
j
j
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j ± Indeterminate True z
z
z
z
j z
j Ø z
j≤
j 0 t < -3 z
j
j ≤
≤
≤
z
z
z
j
j
j ≤
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z
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≤
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€€€€€€€ z
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≤
z
z
j≤
j 0 t>9 z
j
j
j ≤
≤
z
z
z
z
j
j
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j ± Indeterminate True z
z
z
z
j z
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j≤
j 0 t < -3 z
j
j ≤
≤
≤
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z
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j
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j ≤
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j €€€€€ z
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j ≤ 0 t > 12 z
j≤
j z
j
j ≤
≤
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z
z
z
j
j
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z
z
z
j z
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j≤
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z
j
j ≤
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j
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j ± Indeterminate True z
z
z
z
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