CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

CONCEPT MAP

FEEDING

LOCOMOTION

REPRODUCTIO

LIVING PROCESSES DIFFERENT SYSTEMS INVOLVE OPTIMAL INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT RELATE

1

I ENV

AFFECTED

CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:- Understanding cell structure and function LEARNING OUTCOMES:- You should be able to :1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Draw and label an animal cell Draw and label a plant cell Identify the cellular components of an animal cell Identify the cellular components of a plant cell State the functions of the cellular components in an animal cell State the functions of the cellular components in a plant cell Compare and contrast an animal cell and a plant cell Relate the density of certain organelles with the functions of specific cells

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:- Understanding cell organization LEARNING OUTCOMES:- You should be able to :1) State the necessity for cell specialization in multicellular organisms as compared to unicellular organisms 2) Describe cell specialization in multicellular organisms 3) Describe cell organization in the formation of tissues, organs and systems in multicellular organisms 4) State the meaning of internal environment 5) Identify factors affecting the internal environment 6) Explain the necessity to maintain optimal internal environment 7) Describe the involvement of various systems in maintaining optimal internal environmen

CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

TASK 1: Identify the cell below and label every cell component

Q X

V U T

CELL

CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

TASK 2: Identify the cell below and label every cell component

Y P

Q X R

V T

CELL

CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

TASK 3:

Draw an animal cell observed under an electron microscope

CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

TASK 4:

Draw a plant cell observed under an electron microscope

CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

TASK 5:

Complete the table below

STRUCTURE It consists of . FUNCTION The chromosomes are important in Fluid-filled sac enclosed by a membrane called

ORGANELLES

Nucleus

Surrounded by a membrane known as..........................................................

Vacuole . Contains fluid known as and it

consists of Having a .. shape

Mitochondrion Made up of double / single unit membranes

Chloroplast

. Small spherical organelle

Transport synthesized by the ribosomes to the

Ribosomes

Attached to .. or found freely in Consists of sacs which are and

Rough endplasmic reticulum

. Has attached to its surface

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Golgi Apparatus

Synthesis of . Stacks of flattened membranous sacs The outer membrane buds off to form

CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

Made up of Plasma Membrane It is a membrane Cell Wall Made up of It is a membrane Cytoplasm Jelly-like matrix Contain organic and inorganic substances

Regulates the of substances .and of the cells

Provides mechanical .to the plant cells Gives ..to the plant cells

COMPARISON BETWEEN THE STRUTUREOF PLANT AND ANIMAL CELL

Task 6: Complete the following graphic organization on the similarities and differences between an animal cell and a plant cell

Animal cell Similarities

Plant cell

Differences

CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

Animal cell Structure Shape Cell wall Vacuoles Chloroplasts Food Storage Plant cell

You can write the comparison of both cells as below:An animal cell does not have a fixed shape whereas the plant cell has a fixd shape

EXERCISE 1. 2. The red blood cells are the ony cells in our body that do not contain .. In a green leaf, all cells have chloroplasts except the .. cell

Task 7: Predict the organelle which is found in large numbers in each cell shown below. Explain the importance of the organelle.

Organelle : Explanation :

Organelle : Explanation :

Organelle : Explanation :

CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

Organelle : Explanation :

UNDERSTANDING CELL ORGANISATION UNICELLULAR ORGANISM

Task 8: Label the structures of the Ameoba sp.

P Q R S U V

Task 9: With the help of the diagrams , describe the process of phagocytosis in Ameoba sp.

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CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

1. 2. 3. 4.

First, the amoeba sp. moves closer to the food particles Then, it extends its . out to enclose the food particles The food particles are packaged in a ..which later fuses with the lysosome The food particles are by the enzymes called lysozyme before they are absorbed into the .as nutrients

Task 10: With the help of the diagrams , describe the process of reproduction called Binary fission in Ameoba sp.

1.

Ameoba sp. divides after it has grown to .

2.

The pseudopodia are pulled in and the divides

3.

The ..begins to divide when the nucleus has split

4.

Later, two .daughter cells are formed

Task 11: Complete the table below on the living process of Ameoba sp. Living Process Explanation

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CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

Habitat Respiration

It mostly found in Gases exchange occurs by a process called .across the

Excretion

Waste products are expelled by a process called across the ..It has a contractile vacuole which ..to expel water and the process is called

Locomotion

It moves by extending its . The cytoplasm , then flows into the projected pseudopodia and anchoring the tips to the ground

Cell specialization is a process whereby cells grow, change shape and differentiate to carry out specific function. For example : Xylem vessels which have lignified cell wall and form hollow tubes to transport water and dissolved minerals Undergoes specialization to form

Basic cell

TASK 12 : Based on the information above, state the differentiation of the basic cell in forming the following cells. Differentiated Cells The way they differentiate

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CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

Guard cell

Sperm

Eythrocyte

TASK 13 : Name the tissues below and match them with their appropriate function.

Allows rapid diffusion of gaseous 13

CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

Helps in the pumping of blood

Functions in support and protection

Detects stimuli and transmits impulses

Act as insulator and stores fat Lining of trachea and help sweeping impurities Transport oxygen, acts a defensing and blood clotting mechanism

Helps in moving substances in lumens of body

Helps in moving substances in lumens of body

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CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

TASK 14: Fill in the boxes to show the hierarchy of cell organization in one of the human body systems.

System

Organ

Tissues

Cells

7.

Function 4. 8.

9.

Function 2. 5. 10.

11.

Function 1. 3. 6. 12.

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CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

TASK 15: Name the human systems below.

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CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

TASK 16: Fill in the boxes to show the hierarchy of cell organization in a plant Organism Systems Organs Tissues Cells

Leaf Function:

Function:

Function:

Function:

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CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION TASK 17 : Read the statement below . Then , on the diagram, identitify the interstitial fluid by colouring it in red. The internal environment of a multicellular organism consists of the interstitial fluid and the blood plasma. The interstitial fluid fills the space between the cells and constantly bathes the cells

Blood capillary

Arteriole

Venul

Body cell

TASK 14 : Fill in the blanks to complete the information on maintaining an optimal internal environment

The i. environment of a multicellular organisms needs to be in a maintained for the cells to function at an optimum level. To achieve this, the p..and the c . factors of the internal environment must be maintained. The physical factors are :- , , . The chemical factors are :- ., ,

The mechanism which maintain the internal environment is called h which is governed by another mechanism known as nf. m.

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CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

TASK 18 : By referring to the diagram below, fill in the blanks to describe how the negative feedback mechanism works.

(a)

The negative feedback mechanism involves three components which are Receptor, Effector and Control centre

(b) (c) (d) (e)

The r.. detect changes in the internal environment The receptors send the information (impulse) to the c. centre The control centre processes the information and brings about an appropriate responses The information on the responses are then sent to the e. which will carry out the corrective mechanism to bring back the internal environment to its n.. condition

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CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

TASK 19 : Name the various systems involved in regulating the internal environment and complete the explanation on how the corrective mechanism works
Physical and chemical factors Systems involved How the corrective mechanism works

On a hot day: Body temperature a) . . c) d) b) blood vessels ..to increase heat loss sweat glands secrete more ..to cool the body through .. hair erector muscles ..to pull down the hair, to insulation the thyroid gland is .stimulated to lower basal metabolic rate The opposite corrective mechanism occurs on a cold day

When blood glucose level rises: a) pancreas secretes .into the Blood glucose level . . circulatory system to the liver b) insulin convertsinto to bring down the glucose level When blood glucose level drops:pancreas secretes ..to breakdown into glucose

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