(Income Statement)
Konsep Income
Statement of comprehensive income (IAS) Misal: Net aset awal tahun Rp45 jt, akhir tahun Rp80 jt, lalu ada tambahan modal investasi Rp10 jt, berapa income? Rp25 jt. Karena tidak detail, akuntansi kita lebih prefer mengaplikasikan pendekatan transaksi untuk menentukan income Laba bersih = Pendapatan Beban + Untung - Rugi
Performance
Kegunaan: Basis untuk: evaluasi kinerja masa lalu manajemen. Basis untuk prediksi kinerja masa hadapan. nilai risiko atau ketidakpastian arus kas mendatang.
Kelemahan: Item Item-item tertentu yang tidak dapat diukur secara meyakinkan tidak dilaporkan dalam Laba rugi. Angka income sangat tergantung metode apa yang dipakai. Pengukuran income melibatkan unsur judgment.
Definisi
Total income minus expense, di luar komponen other comprehensive income Bahasa lamanya: net income Memuat income dan expense (termasuk reclassification adjustment) yg tidak diakui di dalam profit or loss Perubahan ekuitas selama periode tertentu yg dihasilkan dari transaksi dan kejadian lain, selain yg transaksi pemilik
Profit or loss
$ 285,000 17,000 302,000 149,000 10,000 43,000 21,000 24,000 247,000 $ 55,000 $ 0.75
SingleSingleStep
Cost of goods sold Advertising expense Depreciation expense Interest expense Income tax expense Total expenses Net income Earnings per share
10,000 43,000 53,000 83,000 17,000 (21,000) (4,000) 79,000 24,000 55,000
0.75
3. Income tax
$
$
Operating Income
Operating income mengukur kinerja operasi bisnis yg mendasar (fundamental business operations), fundamental rumusannya adalah:
o Profit or loss o Each component of other comprehensive income classified by nature ach o Share of the other comprehensive income of associates and joint hare ventures accounted for using the equity method; and o Total comprehensive income.
Perubahan pemilik
Comprehensive Income
Definisi menurut FASB: All changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners owners.
Income Statement (in thousands) Sales $ 285,000 Cost of goods sold 149,000 Gross profit 136,000 Operating expenses: Advertising expense Depreciation expense Total operating expense Income from operations Other revenue (expense): Interest revenue Interest expense Total other Income before taxes Income tax expense Net income 17,000 (21,000) (4,000) 79,000 24,000 55,000 10,000 43,000 53,000 83,000
Mencakup income & expense yg tdk diakui dalam profit/loss (net income) Contoh:
changes in revaluation surplus actuarial gains and losses on defined benefit plans gains and losses arising from translating the financial statements of a foreign operation gains and losses on remeasuring available available-for-sale financial assets the effective portion of gains and losses on hedging instruments in a cash flow hedge
Comprehensive Income
Two-Statement Format for Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive Income
Combined Income Statement
V. Gill Inc. Combined Statement of Comprehensive Income For the Year Ended December 31, 2007 Sales revenue Cost of goods sold Gross profit Operating expenses Net income Unrealized holding gain, net of tax Comprehensive income $ 800,000 600,000 200,000 90,000 110,000 30,000 $ 140,000
Disclose
An entity shall disclose the following items in the statement of comprehensive income as allocations for the period:
(a) profit or loss for the period attributable to:
(i) non-controlling interests, and (ii) owners of the parent.
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (SINGLE APPROACH) 2007 Revenue Cost of sales Gross profit Other income Distribution costs Administrative expenses Other expenses Finance costs Share of profit of associates Profit before tax Income tax expense (25%) Profit for the year from contonuing operations Loss for the year from discontinued operations Profit for ther year Other comprehensive income: Exchange differences on translating foreign operations AFS financial assets Cash flow hedges Gains on property revaluation Accrual gains (losses) on defined benefit pension plans Share of other comprehensive income of associates Income tax relating to components of other comprehensive income Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax Total comprehensive income for the year Profit attributable to: Owners of the parent Minority interest Total comprehensive income attributable to: Owners of the parent Minority interest Earnings per share: Basic and diluted 390.000 (245.000) 145.000 20.667 (9.000) (20.000) (2.100) (8.000) 35.100 11.300 (8.700) (21.000) (1.200) (7.500) 30.100 2008 355.000 (230.000) 125.000
5.334 (24.000) (667) 933 (667) 400 4.667 (14.000) 107.250 97.000 10.250 107.250 85.800 21.450 107.250 0,46
10.667 26.667 (4.000) 3.367 1.333 (700) (9.334) 28.000 93.500 52.400 41.100 93.500 74.800 18.700 93.500 0,3
3.000 128.000 (32.000) 96.000 (30.500) 65.500 52.400 13.100 65.500 0,3
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 2007 Profit for the year Other comprehensive income: Exchange differences on translating foreign operations AFS financial assets Cash flow hedges Gains on property revaluation Accrual gains (losses) on defined benefit pension plans Share of other comprehensive income of associates Income tax relating to components of other comprehensive income Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax Total comprehensive income for the year Total comprehensive income attributable to: Owners of the parent Minority interest 121.250 5.334 (24.000) (667) 933 (667) 400 4.667 (14.000) 107.250 10.667 26.667 (4.000) 3.367 1.333 (700) (9.334) 28.000 93.500 2006 65.500
Extraordinary Item
$ 285,000 149,000
Moved to
Indikator bisnis yg penting Mengukur uang yang dihasilkan oleh tiap lembar saham biasa Diungkapkan dalam Statement of comprehensive income
Expense
When items of income or expense are material, an entity shall disclose their nature and amount separately Circumstances that would give rise to the separate disclosure of items of income and expense include:
write-downs of inventories to net realisable value or of property, plant and equipment to recoverable amount, as well as reversals of such write-downs; restructurings of the activities of an entity and reversals of any provisions for the costs of restructuring; disposals of items of property, plant and equipment; disposals of investments; discontinued operations; litigation settlements; and other reversals of provisions.
Metode function of expense atau cost of sales mengklasifikasikan biaya ke fungsinya sbg bagian dari biaya penjualan, biaya distribusi, biaya administrasi. Tampaknya ini lebih relevan bagi pengambilan keputusan para manajer. Contoh sajiannya sbb.:
Components:
total comprehensive income for the period showing period, separately the total amounts attributable to owners of the parent and to non-controlling interests; for each component of equity, the effects of retrospective application or retrospective restatement for each component of equity, a reconciliation between the carrying amount at the beginning and the end of the period period, separately disclosing changes resulting from:
(i) profit or loss; (ii) each item of other comprehensive income; and (iii) transactions with owners in their capacity as owners, showing separately contributions by and distributions to owners and changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries that do not result in a loss of control.
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY Share Capital Balance at 1 Jan. 2006 Changes in accounting policy Restated balance Changes in equity for 2006: Dividends Total comprehensive income Balance at 31 Dec. 2006 Changes in equity for 2007: Issue of share capital Dividens Total comprehensive income Transfer to R/E Balance at 31 Dec. 2007 50.000 650.000 (15.000) 96.600 200 243.500 (14.400) 3.200 800 (200) 2.200 600.000 (10.000) 53.200 161.700 16.000 17.600 1.600 1.600 600.000 600.000 Retained Earnings 118.100 400 118.500 AFS Fin. Assets 1.600 1.600 Revaluation Surplus Total 719.700 400 720.100 (10.000) 70.800 780.900 50.000 (15.000) 83.000 898.900
Tugas
Tersedia data 2008: pajak atas laba operasi berjalan Rp187 juta, pajak atas rugi pelepasan operasi Rp25,5 juta, laba tidak terealisasi atas sekuitas AFS Rp17 juta (minus pajak Rp2 juta). Item lainnya sebagai berikut:
Extraordinary gain Rp 95 juta Retained earnings, 1 Jan. 2008 Rp 600 juta Loss on discontinued operations 75 juta Cogs 850 juta Administrative expenses 240 juta Selling expenses 300 juta Rent revenue 40 juta Sales 1.900 juta Cash dividends declared 80 juta Shares outstanding 100.000
Diminta: 1. Sajikan pelaporan income dg metode terpisah (two (two-statement) 2. Sajikan Retained earnings statement