1.

TENSES
Contiunous S +was/were/is/am/are/will be + V-ing Perfect S + have/has /had + V3 sudah selesai Perfect continuous S + have/has/had + been +V-ing g jelas selesainya

PAST
Tenses Past Tense Rumus S +V2 S+was/were Waktu Yesterday Last.. ..ago Previously In year As When while As When While (continuou s) Keterangan Kejadian diwaktu lampau

(beberapa kali) Lately (akhir-akhir ini) For+periode waktu =selama All =ini Present Perfect Continuo us Tense S + Has/have + been + V-ing Since For Since Long All The hole day

jendela, sekarang udara menjadi lebih segar

Past Continuo us

Past Perfect

Waktunya sama lamayanya: S+ Was/Were +V-ing + S +Was/Were + V-ing ------------------------------Waktu beda: S+ was/were + V-ing + + S + V2 S + Had + V3.S + V2 S + Had + been.S + V2

2 kejadian bersamaan di waktu lampau, Past continuous sifatnya lebih lama.

Pekerjaan yang masih dikerjakan sampai sekarang dari waktu tertentu dan sampai nanti(sele sai dalam waktu dekat) Keteranga n Kejadian diwaktu yang akan datang

FUTURE
Tenses After Before For when/afte r/before 2 peristiwa diwaktu lampau dan berurutan. Sifatnya lebih duluan kejadiannya dibandingkan wktu past tense 2 peristiwa diwaktu lampau, merupakan peristiwa pertama dan masih berlangsung ketika peristiwa 2 terjadi Keteranga n Kebiasaan Future Tense Rumus Spontanitas: S +will/shall + V1 Terencana S + is/am/are + going to + V1 Waktu When/before/ as soon as/until + present (karena kebiasaan). Tomorrow Next.. Tonight This afternoon When/before/ as soon as/until + present (karena kebiasaan). Tomorrow Next.. Tonight This afternoon By (menjelang) Next Tomorrow When/before/ as soon as/until + present (karena kebiasaan).

Past Perfect Continuo us Tense

S + Had + been + V-ing +S+V2

Since For when/afte r/before After before

Future Continuo us

S + will + be + Ving

Sedang terjadi diwaktu yang akan dating (bisa dibilang menebak)

PRESENT
Tenses Present Tense Rumus S +V1 +s/es S+is/am/are Waktu Always Sometimes Seldom Every Often Twice Future Perfect S + Shall/will+ have + V3 S + Shall/will+ have + been

Present Continuo us

S+ is/am/are +V-ing

Present Perfect

S + Have/has + V3 S + have/has + been

Now Tonight Today This Soon At present Just Already (sudah) So far (hingga sekarang) Recently (baru-baru ini) Since Several times

Kejadian yang sedang terjadi saat ini Pekerjaan yang baru saja selesai dan efeknya masih terasa sampai sekarang. Misal tadi membuka

Selesainya suatu peristiwa yang akan dating tahu kapan endnya, saat ini masih berlangsu ng Future S + shall/will+ By Selesainya Perfect have+ been + V(menjelang) suatu Continuo ing Next peristiwa us Tense Tomorrow yang akan When/before/ dating tapi as soon tidak tahu as/until + kapan present selesainya Dikenai pekerjaan, V3 ,kunci liat dia masuk (karena tenses mana kebiasaan). S + Be + V3 + by O 2. PASSIVE VOICE V1 = is/am/are V2 = was/were (KALIMAT PASSIVE) Have/has/had V3 = been ---------------------------- + V3 Is /am/are/was/were V-ing = being Modals Vinf = be Penegcualian!!! Be being menjadi= be Been being menjadi= been

2.

Example: 1. He delivers his winning speech V1 = be + V3 His winnings speech is delivered by him 2. He borrowed my raincoat V2 = be + V3 My raincoat was borrowed by him 3. She has mailed the letter V3 = been + V3 The letters have been mailed by her 4. Somebody was moving her down Ving= being + V3 She was being movn 5. We could finish it on time Vinf= be + V3 it could be finished on time by us 6. We will have done it by tomorrow V3= been+V3 It will have been down by us tommorrow 7. The company will have to produce cigarettes Vinf=be +V1 Cigarettes will have to be produce by the company 8. She wants her brother to type the report Vinf = be + V3 The report to be typed by her brother 9. She will be fixing her radio by 7 tonight Her radio will be fixed by 10. He has been studying the tribe for many years The tribe has been studied by him 11. The police will have been invbestigating the caf for weeks The caf will have beeb investigated

I will ask him to open the door Aktivenya: will have him open will got him to fix Passive : will get the door opened will has the door opened 3. Do you want to ask someone to do the job? Aktivenya: have someone do get someone to do Passive : get someone done have someone done 4. I have cut my hair,havent I? passivenya: have my hair cut got my hair cut Jika soalnya udah HOV berarti dicari artinya saja 1. My motorbike is breaking down . you should have got it repaired. I repaired it 2. Mother had the cake made Mother asked someone to make the cake

5. CONDITIONAL SENTENCE (KALIMAT PENGANDAIAN)

For m 1 Format Meaning If V1, will V1 Nyata ,mungkin terjadi saat ini Do/ does/is/am/are atau nanti 2 If V2, would V1 Berlawanan dengan kenytaan Was,were skrg 3 If had V3, would Berlawanan dengan waktu have V3 lampau been Will bias diganti dengan modal yang lain. Example: She (be) happy if he (be) here =She will happy if he is here

3. ACTIVE-PASSIVE PARTICIPLE

(KATA PENJELAS)
Kata Penjelas Benda Aktiv (ing), subjek orang N + V-ing atau V-ing + N ex: the person writing the book, the sleeping girl Kata Penjelas Benda Passive(V3), subjek benda N + V3 atau V3+ N ex: the book writen, writen book Peristiwa berurutan, ingat harus past kalau 2 kejadian Having + V3 +O ex : Having written book,she slept Peristiwa sebab akibat, Aktiv : Ving + S +V ex : studying ,he pass the toefl Passive : V3 + S+V ex: maked noise,the baby wake

Membuat conditional Sentence dari kenyataan/fakta F=C(cond) menaik 1= present, 2= past, 3=perfect + F 0 1 2 1 2 3 C + Example:

1. 2.

He is not rich so he is sad =1 If he were rich, he would not be sad =2 He was not at home so I didnt visit him =2 If he had been at home, I would have visited him 3 Menyatakan Meaning dari kondisional CF menurun + C 3 2 1 2 1 0 F + -

4. CAUSATIVE

(MENYURUH,MEMINTA)
Kata kunci: ask,tell,order,get,persuade,pay, liat GOV atau HOV bukan, dan lihat objectnya H/G + O +V Have/has/had + O = active/me + V1 = pasive/di + V3 Get/gets/got + O = active/me + to V1 = pasive/di + V3 Example: Jika soalnya belum jelas maka cari bentuk HOV 1. Father asked the mechanic to fix the engine Aktivenya: had the mechanic fix got the mechanic to fix Passive : Got the engine fixed Had the engine fixed

6. SUBJUNCTIVE (KALIMAT ANGAN-ANGAN)

S + VP=V tidak boleh present harus past atau past perfect, kata kunci lihat keterangan waktunya juga S + wish/would rather(berharap) + S + VP If only (seandainya) + S+VP S +V + as if/as thought (seolah olah) + S+VP + F 1 2 3 S 2 3 3 + Bentu 1 2 3 k VP To be Is/am/are Was/were Had been verb do/does did Had V3 Have /has Had to V1 Modal Will/shall/can/ma Would,shou Modal bentuk s y ld,could,mi 2+have V3

ght Example: 1. I am not rich (1-) I wish I were rich If only I were rich 2. She was not at home (2-) I wish she had been at home 3. She doesnt bring the book (1-) I wish she brought the book 4. didnt bring (2-) had brought 5. She pretends as if she brought

10. ADVERB CLAUSE (KATA

KETERANGAN)
Bertentangan Despite/in spite of =meskipun However,yet,nevertheless = namun On the other hand = namun Although ,though.eventhough ,even though,even if =meskipun Sebab Akibat As a result,consequently =akibatnya Therefore,hence,accordingly = maka dari itu Provided that =asalkan In order that =supaya So =maka So that = karena itu Otherwise =jika tidak Menyangatkan Moreover,furthermore = bahkan,lagipula Besides,in addition =disamping itu Keterangan Waktu Until =hingga As soon as = segera setelah As long as =selama When,while=ketika

6. 8.

Susi doesnt go to school but we wish she ------- here = were 7. If only he -------------- the movie last night = had V3 She acts arif as if she ----------- here =V2

7. GERUND (NOUN YANG DIBENTUK DARI VERB + ING)

1.Membentuk Subject Singing is my hobby 2.Membentuk objek setelah preposisi In,on,at,of,after,before,for The woman is diligent at cooking He is interested in learning English 3.Membentuk objek setelah to LOAcOpUS =They accustomed to sleeping without fan Look forward to (mengharapkan) Accustomed to ( terbiasa) Opposed (menentang) Used (terbiasa) 4.Verb yang harus diikuti ing (WAJIB) PRIA EDAN CON PADA MASUK = I practice swimming Practice, Risk, Anticipate, Enjoy, Deny, Allow, Neglect, Consider, Postpone, Admit, Avoid, Mind, Appreciate, Suggest ,keep 5.Verb yang dipantang pake ing,kalau setelahnya boleh DISCON BELI START = My uncle dislike running Dislike, Continuous, Begin, Like, Start 6.Mengikuti kata kerja Aktive menjadi passive RENEWAN Require,Need,Want = The Bicycle needs washing atau the bicycle needs to be washed Artinya perlu di. 7. Kata REM FOR STOP Remember, Forget, Stop Peristiwa yang sudah terjadi She forgets posting the letter (dia lupa kalo sudah mengeposkan surat itu) Jika belum terjadi ditambah to inf She forgets to post the letter (dia lupa belum mengeposkan surat itu) 8. Kata benda setelah preposisi (your,my,her dst) Idont mind your talking

11. ADJECTIVE CLAUSE (KATA

HUBUNG SIFAT)
Who=menjelaskan subject Whom =menjelaskan object Whose =menjelaskan kepemilikan Where=tempat Which =menjelaskan benda

12. NOUN CLAUSE (KATA BENDA)

NC = Where,when,what,why,which,how dst Kuncinya . Is/preposition +NC+

13. ELIPTIC (KALIMAT

PERINGKASAN)
SO-TOO He goes..,and I do too So do I EITHER-NEITHER Desi doesnt , and Tuti doesnt either Neither does tuti BUT BOTH AND.(Keduanya) Both feri and eva likes swimming EITHEROR(Baik Maupun) Either we or he isnt sick NEITHERNOR(Baik Maupun tidak) Neither Tuti nor Rio work in the bank Lia is neither a nurse nor a doctor

WETHEROR NOT(BAIK MAUPUN TIDAK)

I will not lend you money wether you need it or not

8. MODALS

14. QUESTION TAG (MEYAKINKAN PENDAPAT)

Can,could,will,would,would like(ingin), Must/Have to : harus larangan,kesimpulan Ought to : saran May,Might = yakin 90% MODAL PERFECT = MODAL+ Have + V3 menyatakan waktu lampau Klo shall or should artinya kenyataannya

Kunci diubah dari + ke atau ke + dan lihat tobe nya They dont know each other, do they? She writes a lot of letter,doesnt she?

Kalimat perintah:WILL YOU Help me,will you? Please come ontime,will you?

9. PREFERENCE
Like V-Ing/N better than V-ing/N Prefer Ving/N to Ving/N would rather V1 than V1 atau d rather V+N than N Would prefer toV1 rather than V1 Id prefer to go home rather than stay

Kalau memakai Let tagnya shall let me open the door,shall I Ought to menjadi ought Fitri ought to stay home, oughtnt she? Everyone/Everybody tagnya they Everyone is happy,aren/t they?

Bukan AM NOT I I am beautifull, arent I?

 Ada kata a few tagnya -, kalau few tagnya + There are a few people in that party,arent they? There are few people in that party,are they?

NEVER,SELDOM,SCARELY,HARDLY,RARELY ianggap Yanti never comes ontime, does she?

15. CONCORD (KATA GANTI)

A number of =beberapa (jamak) The number of =sejumlah (tunggal) A number of senators are greedy

16.

WORD ORDER

Urut-urutan: FDM 1. Frekuensi Always,sometimes,often,ever,seldom etc 2. Derajad kata yang dijelaskan Too,very,only,raher,fairly,etc 3. Manner+Place+Times Manner cara : ly,well,late Place : in,on,under Times: yesterday,every,dst 4. Penjelas benda Si Uk UM Ben W A Bah Sifat : good,bad,beautiful,cheap Ukuran : big,small,long,tall,wide Umur : young old new Bentuk : square Warna Asal : Japanese,american Bahan :iron,gold

17.

DERIVATIVE (KATA JADIAN)

Kata sifat benda Keterangan cara kerja Keterangan derajad-sifat Ciri2 Kata sifat/Adjective: -diawalai kata, very,so ,too,quite,more,most - able,ible :valuable,sensible,profitable -ish : childish,reddish,boyish -ed:tired,frightened -ing : interesting -ous: famous,curious -ive :creative,productive -al: additional,optional -ful :beautifull,usefull - less : useless - ic :scientific,artistic - nt:important,patient,different - Ry: imaginary,primary Verb/Kata Kerja Diakhiri en: broaden,widen Diawali en: enlarge,encircle Diakhiri fy: beautyfy Diakhiri ize : nationalize Kata Benda -al :arrival - ness: business - dom :freedom,wisdom - y/ery/ary : discovery - ity:popularity - er/or : worker,instructor - age: package,carriage -ment : advertisement -ion/tion: information -ation: invitation - ance,ence : evidence -ure :departure,failure Kata Keterangan(Adverb) - Adjective +Ly = slowly,quickly ,pengecualian tanpa ly: hard,fast,late,well