Lab3: Digital I/O Graham Mulvaney Wednesday 3-6pm Lab TA: John Hardin Turned in: 2/13/2012

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_______Graham Mulvaney_________

Introduction The goals of this lab are to become familiar with the LabVIEW Data Acquisition (DAQ) USB-6009 hardware, and to use this apparatus to demonstrate the fundamentals of digital input and output operations. The Black Box LEDs, the 7476 JK Flip Flop, and the 74151 multiplexer will be used to read and control data in order to show the capabilities and limitations of the DAQ, as well as the actions of these important components

Sections A & B: Digital Input Digital input was demonstrated by connecting four digital inputs to the Black Box switches. The VI shown below was then created in order to read the changing switch values of the Black Box in the Boolean indicators depicted. Additional indicators were then connected, to show the variability of output display available (i.e. waveform charts and hexidecimal numerical indicators). 1) The initial range of numbers on the numerical indicator is from 0-128 2) The range after making it a signed value is from -128-127 3) The range after converting it to hexadecimal is 0-FF

Section C: Digital Output Digital output was shown by using the DAQmx Write VI. The DAQ was disconnected from the Black Box and connected to the oscilloscope, and the iteration counter was then used to output an alternating 1 and 0. This set-up was used to show what the limitations on the maximum frequency are for software timing. 1) The maximum frequency reached through software timing was ~500 Hz 2) Hardware timing is superior to this scheme because software timing can be influenced by CPU slow-down due to other processes taking priority over it, and could also vary depending on what computer was operating it. This can cause error in the timing of the circuit as seen in the shaking noise of the signal shown on the oscilloscope. Hardware timing however would not be affected by the CPU in the same manner, and is much more reliable. The oscilloscope output is below.

The VI shown below was created to use the DAQ instrument to control the Black Box LEDs, and make them sequentially output my birth date, 03/10/91. Watch the video of this action at http://mulvaney352.weebly.com

Section D: JK Flip Flop In this section the DAQ instrument was used to both drive and read a 7476 JK Flip Flop. The JKFF was set-up according to the attached specifications sheet, with the DAQ instrument being used to drive the

J, K, and CLK inputs, and to read the Q and /Q outputs. These mechanisms were controlled by the VI shown below. See video of this action at http://mulvaney352.weebly.com

Section E: Multiplexer The 74151 8-input, multiplexer chip was used to demonstrate the parallel-to-serial conversion of basic MUX ICs. Lines D5-D7 were set high, and the rest of the inputs were grounded, and the three selector

lines S0-S2 were connected to the Black Box switches (see attached specification sheet). The outputs agreed with the expectation that the line expressed in the output agreed with its binary value as expressed through the switches. See video of this action at http://mulvaney352.weebly.com Summary This lab focused on the applications of the DAQ USB-6009 in LabView and with the Black Box. It is a very versatile instrument and can be very useful for using LabView to drive and read physical circuits. The DAQs input abilities were shown the reading of Black Box LED changes, and through the output of the 7476 JK FF. The DAQs output abilities were demonstrated through the creation of a Birthdate VI that is able to drive the Black Box LEDs into showing the sequential numbers of a date, and through the driving of a JK FFs inputs and clock. However there are limitations on the DAQs hardware-timed output (~500 Hz). The final section of this lab showed the function of the 74151 Multiplexer chip, and its usefulness in simplifying data output.