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HW #3
Due: 11:30pm on Sunday, September 18, 2011
Note: You will receive no credit for late submissions. To learn more, read your instructor's Grading Policy

The Free-Body Diagram

Description: Learning Goal: To understand how to construct a free-body diagram for an object that can be treated as a particle. In this tutorial, students isolate the object of interest, identify the forces acting on the object, and draw the free-body diagram of the object. (vector applet) Learning Goal: To understand how to construct a free-body diagram for an object that can be treated as a particle. The free-body diagram is a fundamental tool used in engineering mechanics. It is simply a sketch that shows the particle free from its surroundings with all forces that act on the particle. By correctly constructing a free-body diagram, one can account for all of the forces in the equations of equilibrium. It is often helpful to draw an enclosing circle (or loop) around the object(s) of interest and account for (a) forces in cables cut by the circle, (b) reaction forces between the object and any supports at the boundary of the circle, and (c) the weight of the object(s) enclosed by the circle. Part A As shown, a crate with weight hangs from a support rope that is tied to two other ropes at C. The two ropes are attached to tie-downs

mounted on the ceiling at points A and B. Complete the free-body diagram of C by drawing the forces that act on it.

Hint A.1

How to approach the problem

When drawing a free-body diagram, consider the object of interest as a particle and follow these steps: Determine the cut that isolates point C from its surroundings. Identify the forces acting on point C. Include the identified forces in the free-body diagram. Hint A.2 Determine the cut that isolates point C It is important to note the differences between drawing a free-body diagram on paper and drawing a free-body diagram in this tutorial. On paper, you would include only the isolated components inside of the dashed circle above. In the tutorial, you are given a diagram and asked to complete the free-body diagram by including only the relevant forces around point C. Although the free-body diagram you draw on paper and the one in this tutorial may look different, the forces that are included should be the same.

It is useful to consider point C isolated or cut "free" from the remainder of the system. The diagrams below show a dashed circle that isolates different parts of the system. Which cut best isolates point C? ANSWER:

Hint A.3

Identify the forces that act directly on C

Identify the forces acting on point C.

Select all that apply.

ANSWER: tension from point C to point A the reaction force at point A tension from point C to point B the weight of the crate the reaction force at point B tension from point C to the crate

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The forces of interest are all of the forces that act directly on the object of interest. The forces that act directly on point C are the three tensions in the three ropes. Although the crate's weight creates the tension in the rope between the crate and point C, the weight does not act directly on point C and is, therefore, not included in the free-body diagram.

Draw your vectors starting at point C. The orientation of the vectors will be graded. The exact length of the vectors will not be graded.
ANSWER:

View

Part B As shown, a light hangs from a chain that is connected to a ring held in place by two ropes. One rope is attached directly to a tie-down on a wall, and the other rope passes over a pulley that is mounted on the ceiling before being attached to a tie-down on the opposite wall. Complete the free-body diagram of the light by drawing the forces that act on it.

Hint B.1

How to approach the problem

When drawing the free-body diagram, consider the object of interest as a particle and follow these steps: Determine the cut that isolates point D from its surroundings. Identify the forces acting on point D. Include the identified forces in the free-body diagram. Hint B.2 Determine the cut that isolates the light Hint B.3 Identify all the forces that act directly on the light

The diagrams below show a dashed circle that isolates different parts of the system. Which cut would best isolate point D? ANSWER:

Based on the diagram that isolates the light from the remainder of the system, what forces should be included in the free-body diagram?

Select all that apply.

ANSWER: , the tension in the rope between the pulley and the wall , the tension in the rope between the ring and the wall

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MasteringEngineering: Assignment Print View

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, the weight of the light , the tension in the chain between the ring and the light , the tension in the rope between the ring and the pulley

When drawing a free-body diagram, include all the forces that act directly on the object of interest.

Draw the weight force vector starting at point D. Draw the tension force vectors starting at the point of contact between the chain and the light. The orientation of the vectors will be graded. The exact length of the vectors will not be graded.
ANSWER:

View

Part C Given the same light system from Part B, complete the free-body diagram of the ring by drawing the forces that act directly on it. Hint C.1 How to approach the problem

When drawing the free-body diagram, consider the object of interest as a particle and follow these steps in drawing the free-body diagram: Determine the cut that isolates point C from its surroundings. Identify the forces acting on point C. Include the identified forces in the free-body diagram. Hint C.3 Hint C.2 Determine the cut that isolates the ring Based on the diagram that isolates the ring from the remainder of the apparatus, what forces should be included in the free-body diagram? The diagrams below show a dashed circle that isolates different parts of the system. Which cut best isolates point C? ANSWER: Identify all the forces that act directly on the ring

Select all that apply.

ANSWER: , the tension in the rope between the pulley and the wall , the weight of the light , the tension in the chain between the ring and the light , the tension in the rope between the ring and the wall , the tension in the rope between the ring and the pulley

When drawing a free-body diagram, include all the forces that act directly on the object of interest.

Draw each force vector starting at ring C. The orientation of the vectors will be graded. The exact length of the vectors will not be graded.

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ANSWER: View

View

By identifying the properties of a force system, basic assumptions can be made that simplify the analysis of the system. Coplanar force systems require force balances in only two dimensions, eliminating the need for a third balance equation. Collinear force systems are one dimensional and the forces can be combined as scalars. Concurrent force systems intersect at a single point and do not require a moment analysis. In a parallel force system, the forces can be combined as scalars but any separation will necessitate an additional moment analysis of the system.

Part B

Coplanar Force Systems

Description: Includes Math Remediation. Learning Goal: To understand how to establish a particle's free-body diagram in a coplanar force system and to apply the equations of equilibrium to solve for unknowns. In this tutorial, students identify terms to describe a force system, draw a free-body diagram to relate the forces in a force system, and use the equilibrium conditions to find unknown quantities. (vocab applet) Learning Goal: To understand how to establish a particle's free-body diagram in a coplanar force system and to apply the equations of equilibrium to solve for unknowns. In a coplanar force system, a particle is subjected to forces that lie in a single plane. If that plane is the xy plane, then the conditions of equilibrium are met when

A tugboat tows a ship at a constant velocity. The tow harness consists of a single tow cable attached to the tugboat at point A that splits at point B and attaches to the ship at points C and D. The two rope segments BC and BD angle away from the center of the ship at angles of = 25.0 and = 25.0 , respectively. The tugboat pulls with a force of 1600 . What are the tensions and in the rope segments BC and BD?

For this vector equation to be satisfied, the force vector's x and y components must be equal to zero:

Part A Three identical objects in three different systems each have three forces acting on them. What word best completes the following sentences that describe each force system? Hint B.1 How to approach the problem

Whereas the tow harness system is three dimensional, all the ropes, and, therefore, the tensions in those ropes are coplanar. They exist entirely in a plane and can be treated as two-dimensional forces. In this case, you can treat the rope segment AB as lying along the y axis with pointing in the negative y direction. Any forces that are perpendicular to the rope segment AB will be in the x direction. Determine all of the forces in each direction in the plane and apply the conditions for equilibrium. This will require a system of equations that can be used to find the two unknown quantities: the tensions in the rope segments BC and BD.

Hint B.2

Draw the free-body diagram

Complete the free-body diagram of B by drawing the forces that act on it at the origin of the axes, as if viewing the system from above the tow harness.

Draw your vectors starting at point B. The orientation of the vectors will be graded. The exact length of the vectors will not be graded. Assume that points in the negative y direction.
Hint A.1 How to approach the problem ANSWER:

Learning the terminology used to describe force systems helps explain the differences encountered in these systems. The term "concurrent" is used when the lines of action of the forces of interest intersect at one point. Conversely, the term "nonconcurrent" is used when the lines of action of the forces of interest do not intersect at one point. The term "collinear" is used when the forces of interest have the same line of action. The term "parallel" is used when all of the lines of action of the forces of interest never intersect. The term "perpendicular" is used when the lines of action of two or more forces of interest intersect at 90 angles.

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.
ANSWER: Hint B.3

View

Find an expression for and rearrange the equation to solve for in terms of the tension and the angles and .

Apply the conditions for equilibrium to

Hint B.3.1

Find an expression for

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What is the sum of all the forces in the x direction in terms of the tension the angles and ?

in rope segment BC, the tension

in rope segment BD, and

Hint B.5

Determine in the rope segment BA?

What is the tension

Express your answer in terms of

ANSWER: =

, , and

Express your answer numerically in pounds to four significant figures.

ANSWER: =

Express your answers numerically in pounds to three significant figures separated by a comma.
ANSWER: Hint B.3.2 The conditions for equilibrium , = The conditions for equilibrium require that the sum of the forces in each direction be zero:

Express your answer in terms of

ANSWER: =

, , and

The analysis of this problem has been simplified by realizing that the forces are coplanar. Whereas the tow harness is three dimensional, all the ropes and tensions are in a single plane. This reduces the problem to finding the sum of the forces in only two dimensions. The problem is further simplified by identifying the forces as concurrent. All the forces intersect at a single point, requiring the forces to be summed only at that point. After the system is simplified, the free-body diagram was drawn to determine all the forces that interact at point B. The x and y components of the forces were then summed:

Because Find an expression for and use your equation for and . to rearrange the equation to solve for in terms of the tension Part C

is given in the problem, there are two equations and two unknowns,

and

. By applying the conditions of equilibrium, the

system of equations can be solved to find these unknowns. Hint B.4

Apply the conditions for equilibrium to in rope segment BA and the angles Hint B.4.1

Rope BCA passes through a pulley at point C and supports a crate at point A. Rope segment CD supports the pulley and is attached to an eye anchor embedded in a wall. Rope segment BC creates an angle of = 53.0 with the floor and rope segment CD creates an angle with the horizontal. If both ropes BCA and CD can support a maximum tensile force system can support? What is the angle in rope segment BC, the tension in rope segment BD, the required for equilibrium? = 165 , what is the maximum weight of the crate that the

Find an expression for

What is the sum of all the forces in the y direction in terms of the tension tension in rope segment BA, and the angles and ?

Express your answer in terms of

ANSWER: =

, and

Hint B.4.2

The conditions for equilibrium

The conditions for equilibrium require that the sum of the forces in each direction be zero: Hint C.1 How to approach the problem

Express your answer in terms of

ANSWER:

, and

The system of forces is coplanar; thus, there are two equations of force equilibrium that can be solved to find the two unknowns: the maximum weight and the angle .

Hint C.2 =

Draw the free-body diagram of C

Complete the free-body diagram of C by drawing the forces that act on the pulley.

Draw your vectors starting at the center of the pulley. The orientation of the vectors will be graded. The exact length of the vectors will not be graded.
ANSWER:

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ANSWER:

= View

Hint C.3

Relate the tensions and the weight in rope segment CA, the tension in rope segment CB, the tension in rope segment Hint C.4.3 The conditions for equilibrium

Which of the following is true about the tension CD, and the weight of the crate ?

The conditions for equilibrium require that the sum of the forces in each direction be zero:

ANSWER: Use the trigonometric identity and the equilibrium conditions to express in terms of and ..

Express your answer in terms of

ANSWER: = The two rope segments CA and CB are parts of the same rope. Because the tension is the same throughout the rope, the tensions in the two segments are the same ( ). The only two forces that act at point A are the weight and the tension in rope segment CA; therefore, the magnitudes of these two forces must be equal if the system is in equilibrium. Hint C.5 Hint C.4 Find an expression for in terms of the known valuesthe maximum rope tension Find an expression for

and

Use the condition for equilibrium in the x direction to find an expression for the angle maximum rope tension , and the angle .

in terms of the maximum weight of the crate

, the

Apply the conditions for equilibrium and express the maximum weight of the crate and the angle Hint C.4.1 .

Express your answer in terms of

ANSWER: = in rope segment CB, the tension in rope segment CD, and

, and

Find an expression for

What is the sum of all the forces in the x direction in terms of the tension the angles and ?

Express your answer in terms of

ANSWER: =

, , and

Express your answers numerically in pounds and degrees to three significant figures separated by a comma.
ANSWER:

Hint C.4.2

Find an expression for , what is the sum of all the forces in the y direction in terms of the tension and ? in rope segment CB, the The analysis of this problem has been simplified by realizing that the forces are coplanar. This reduces the problem to finding the sum of the forces in only two dimensions. The problem is further simplified by identifying the forces as concurrent. All the forces intersect at a single point, requiring the forces to be summed only at that point. After the system is simplified, the free-body diagram was drawn to determine all the forces that interact at point C. The x and y components of the forces were then summed:

Keeping in mind that tension

in rope segment CD, and the angles The tension in rope BCA

Hint C.4.2.1

Because the rope segments CB and CA are part of the same rope, the tension throughout the rope is the same:

Because CB and CA are part of the rope BCA,

. The tension in this rope must also be equal to the weight of the crate,

, so

. The maximum tension for the ropes and the angle unknowns, and

are given in the problem. There are then two equations and two

. By applying the conditions of equilibrium, the system of equations can be solved to find these unknowns.

Express your answer in terms of

, , and

Problem 3.12

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Description: (a) Draw a free-body diagram of the ring at A. (b) If block B weighs W_B and block C weighs W_C, determine the required weight of block D for equilibrium. (c) Determine the angle theta. Part A Draw a free-body diagram of the ring at A.

Draw the vectors starting at the black dot. The location and orientation of the vectors will be graded. The length of the vectors will not be graded.

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

View

Part B Draw a free-body diagram of the ring at B.

View

Draw the vectors starting at the black dot. The location and orientation of the vectors will be graded. The length of the vectors will not be graded.
ANSWER:

Part B If block B weighs 210 and block C weighs 120 , determine the required weight of block D for equilibrium.

Express your answer with the appropriate units.

ANSWER: = View

Part C Determine the tension developed in wire CD required for equilibrium of the 30 Part C Determine the angle . cylinder E and the 70 cylinder F.

Express your answer with the appropriate units.

ANSWER: =

Express your answer with the appropriate units.

ANSWER: =

Part D Determine the tension developed in wire CB.

Express your answer with the appropriate units.

ANSWER:

Problem 3.26
Description: (a) Draw a free-body diagram of the ring at C. (b) Draw a free-body diagram of the ring at B. (c) Determine the tension developed in wire CD required for equilibrium of the 30 lb cylinder E and the W_F cylinder F. (d) Determine the tension... Part A Draw a free-body diagram of the ring at C. Part E

Draw the vectors starting at the black dot. The location and orientation of the vectors will be graded. The length of the vectors will not be graded.

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Determine the tension developed in wire BA.

Determine the magnitude of the force acting along the axis of strut AC.

Express your answer with the appropriate units.

ANSWER: =

Express your answer with the appropriate units.

ANSWER: =

Part D Part F Determine the angle . Determine the magnitude of the force acting along the axis of strut AD.

Express your answer with the appropriate units.

ANSWER: =

Express your answer with the appropriate units.

ANSWER: =

Problem 3.59
Description: (a) Draw a free-body diagram of the ring at A. (b) If each cable can withstand a maximum tension of T_max, determine the largest mass of the cylinder for equilibrium. Part A Draw a free-body diagram of the ring at A.

Problem 3.53
Description: (a) Draw a free-body diagram of the chain at A. (b) Determine the magnitude of the force acting along the axis of strut AB needed to support the 500-kg block. (c) Determine the magnitude of the force acting along the axis of strut AC. (d)... Part A Draw a free-body diagram of the chain at A.

Draw the vectors starting at the black dot. The location and orientation of the vectors will be graded. The length of the vectors will not be graded.

Draw the vectors starting at the black dot. The location and orientation of the vectors will be graded. The length of the vectors will not be graded.

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

View

View

View

Part B If each cable can withstand a maximum tension of 2000 , determine the largest mass of the cylinder for equilibrium.

Part B Determine the magnitude of the force acting along the axis of strut AB needed to support the 500block.

Express your answer with the appropriate units.

ANSWER: =

Express your answer with the appropriate units.

ANSWER: =

Part C

Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 0%.

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