Namaz Ke Ahkam

}G U GU}
A1
U G U G
G : G GUG, } H , SH},
GG GH} }H HH }G}} G
G
UG G
U SH} UG G H GH
} G G H
U Gx
x J G :
} : H
! } G} Gv} U G H
} G } G H UG } ! G-G}
Gx H
: H G U U M UG G H J
GH xG} }
UGG }xGUG
13 H H } U } 1428 .
A1
}G U GU}
A2
}G U GU}
U (}G U GU})
G GGU, } H , SH} GG GH}

}H HH }G}} G
G GU -G
G
} G GU} J
}H } ( SH}) U U S}H GG } U
U }U--H } G U J } x U x U}
}H } U ( GG }v -}H) }
GHG GU} U U} J
G : }H } ( SH})
}U--H }
Hv , HGU U }S U }, G,
G} -1, x,
MO. 9374031940
E -mail : maktabahind@gmail.com
}G U GU} U 11 GMUG U S
U U G U 11
UG} }SGUG
:
}} U
U G}H J
}- UH : 1xG U U | G}H G U
}H J 2 G, | G J
(1) wGH U }H U G H
U GUG x J
(2) GU U G UMx J (3) G, xGSH }G LS
UMx J (4) Gx | G}H U x J (5) }H
x J (6) } } G G ( G ) UMx J (7)
G} } x }H } U UMx J (8) G U G-H}
GvGGU x J (9) x J (10) U U G U
xG Hx J (11) GS GUGU U U GGU x J
A2
}G U GU}
} U
}GU
A3
:
:
S GG :
}G U GU} (G-GU)
G GGU, } H S,
SH} GG GH} }H
HH }G}} S G
G
GU -G
G . 1432 .
}U--H }, G}
}U--H } U }wGHGU G
}} : 19 ,20 }G}} GH x, }G}} GH ,

GU : 022-23454429
H : } }GH, }U, }G }S
GU : 011-23284560
U : }wG} } }S,
U ,
G xG U, , GU : 09415982471
x : (C/O) }GH }, }G}} GH S ,
U}H x U S }} GG : 0712 -2737290
} GU : 19 / 216 GUHG }S, H G,
S , x, GU : 0145-2629385
} : US U U U G J
A3
}G U GU}
A4
}G-HG GM H U, H U GUG
} GU} H J
G} } vGUG x J
G
GUG
G
GUG
A4
}G U GU}
A5
}G-HG GM H U, H U GUG
} GU} H J
G } } vGUG x J
G
GUG
G
GUG
A5
}G U GU}
A6
}G U GU} (G-GU)
(H G
G GS H)
x G H G }U}}H G Hx
U } xG-HG wG wG U } x J
}H} } GUG | x J G } GH U U |
x J
J }}G } G GUG, } H
GG GH} }H HH }G}}
G
G UGG -G
U GH (12) H J
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
G U GUG
G
xGSH U GUG
UGG G
}G U GUG
}GU U }G
UGG }G U GUG
}G G U GUG
U
G G }G
}G . U GUG
}- }
UGG U GUG
A6
GUG 1 64
GUG 65 96
GUG 97 136
GUG 137 170
GUG 171 296
GUG 297 320
GUG 321 368
GUG 369 394
GUG 395 434
GUG 435 452
GUG 453 470
GUG 471 500
}G U GU}
GUS
A7
GU S
SGUG
G
G U GGU
GS} xG
U GGU SH
x G U GU
G S U GUGH
G } H
}S S GGUG U SG
G U S GUGH
x S
G U GGU (G-GU)
U G H
G U S GU G U GUGH
G U| U}G
G U GUG
{ U GU
G U 14 S
G U 29 }SG
G U 15 }vM
}S}H U }} }SH
H }-
GwG} xG S wG UH U 15 GU}
v S G x ?
U S
H UG
GU S U G
S U GU}
v S~ S G ?
xGSH U G UGU
U } wG
{ U GUU
G } U U 5 GU}
2
4
6
6
7
7
8
8
13
14
14
14
15
15
16
20
21
22
26
27
28
29
30
30
31
32
32
33
33
G
U
!
S S G U
}S U GG
} GG
GG U GGU
GG U 10 }- UH
U G U H 6 GU}
S }-GU<GU
G } U SGU
| SGU
H GG U GU
}zG G} G U zGS
SGU G U}
G-}H G G S
}S }S U U SGU
SGU S U 7
SGU S U H 14 }- UH
G SS
G U Gv} U S GUH SH}

}xG } U S}
G H
G GUH
}SU U GU
GU GGUG U H
}SU U } GS }-U
} U H U GH
U vGS
v U }SU U ?
14 }- UH
{ U Gv}
A7
SGUG
34
35
37
37
39
40
43
47
48
48
49
50
51
53
54
56
60
67
68
69
69
70
72
72
73
73
74
75
77
}G U GU}
GU S
G
UH U U Gv}
U } H U Gv}
{ U Gv}
{ S GzGGUG
U { U Gv}
}SG U Gv}
xH U v
{ U Gv}
G U
S
U H
}G vGGUH GU}
SGU H
U H
G G
S SS GGUGU U }G
SGUG
78
79
80
82
83
84
84
86
87
87
89
91
93
94
95
xGSH GGU
M GU U GUGH
SG
xGSH U GGU (G-GU)
xGSH U GUG
(1) UH U
(2) U } G
(3) }} G
} G U H xGSH U 21 GG
}S U H 6 GG
GwG} U ^
xGSH GUG U 5 S
GUS U GM GG
5 GM GU}
GUS
A8
98
98
100
101
102
103
104
104
106
106
107
108
109
} G U GG
} xGSH U GGU
GU U Gv} }
GU GG
W.C U LG LS U
U U xGSH U S
U U xGSH U }SG
U xGSH } }wGHGU
} xGSH
x HS H U GGU G U US ?
x vG wG GG
xGSH S GH ?
S vG GG
H U x
GU U U G U 10
G U
U U GH } M GU G
xH } INK U } ?
U HxG
U U
GU } G {
}SH UH GU U S
SS U U S
}}} U GUG
}}} U 10 S
}}} U GGU (G-GU)
}}} U 25 }- UH
}- }
GUG G
GU } UG Gx
} U x}
xG x }GGU
A8
SGUG
111
112
113
113
114
115
115
116
116
117
117
118
118
119
119
122
123
123
124
124
125
125
126
126
127
127
129
135
139
139
140
}G U GU}
UGS
A9
GU S
SGUG
}H | SxGGU U
G U U GUGH
3 UG 24 H U U}
G U H x
G GU} U U GGU
G U 14 }- UH
G U 9 }- UH
GU} U 7 }- UH
G U 11 }SG }GUG
}S } G GHGU S
S U S U}
G
G U G
} }GUSSH / } }}H
(6) UH}
140
141
M GU U GUGH
GU} U S S H SH
}GG U H
US U US U S G x !
GwG} GH } }GG
}G U U S
G} U U S
}GG U
U GUS}
}GG U GGU (G-GU)
SH} U }GG } x GUGU
}- !
}GG U 6 G
GU }vM
}GG }vM vG GH
}GG U 7 GUG
172
174
141
143
144
147
151
153
155
155
157
164
165
166
167
}GG U GGU
174
175
176
176
178
179
179
181
191
192
193
197
197
201
GMGU U SGG x GM
G ! G ! G !
}-SH }
U U vGS
U U U U U GGU
}GG U vG 30
}GG U vG 96 S
v G} U S
GU} U S
LUG U S
GU} U S
S U S
S U S
S vG U H U S
GU U S
SH} U U S
SH} U U U S
S U S
S U U } }SH
SH} U H S S
}GG U vG 14 }SG
G} GH GGG U G}H
x H U GUGH
}GG G H 29
}GG }
}GG } S
}GG U G
G-}H US U GU
}GG HS
}GG } U xH
}GG GUH S GGU
}GG } S }
A9
SGUG
209
210
211
215
215
217
221
221
222
224
225
226
227
228
228
230
231
232
233
234
235
237
237
239
240
240
241
242
243
243
244
245
}G U GU}
UGS
A10
GUS
}GG }
H v U } xG-HG
}GG U 33 }vM G}
U{ HU
GG G U g
}GG } UU
xH G
U}
S} U GGU
}GG U GGU
x{ S }
}GG S
}GG U 32 }vM G
GU S } }GG G US ?
G U G zGH U | v U
}} U
vG U 13 G
GU} U }} SG H U
}G U
U }G U 20 G
UG G} U GGU
}GG ~ U 9 }- UH
G GU
S S U
} }SH
GU
S S U U GGU
S S U |H ...
S H G U }
}
S H U 8 }- UH
SGUG
245
246
247
247
248
249
249
251
252
253
256
257
259
263
264
265
266
267
267
268
269
273
274
276
278
279
280
281
281
282
282
G ! !
S H U GGU
S RU U
}GG U x S xG SwG x
}GG U x S xG U } 15 GU}
SG }G U GU U !
} S G !
284
285
285
286
287
292
294
}SGU U }GG
M GU U GUGH
- G SGU U }SGU
}SGU U x ?
Gy} U }GH
GU U GU
}SGU U H G
G U GUS}
G GU} GH U S
SGU U S
}SGU U U }SGU
SGU G ?
S U U Un SGU
U} x H x !
G U SGU U }SH
G U SSH }U
G }}HU } G H U
}SH
G } U H GM }SH
G} U G G U H LU US ?
GUS
GUS U H U { H ...?
}SGU }} }GU} }vG
}GU} }vG GU vG
A10
SGUG
298
301
301
302
302
303
303
304
304
305
305
306
307
307
308
308
310
311
312
313
314
314
}G U GU}
G
v }SGU U S }GGU ?
}G U GMGU U S S H
xG } zGH U 4 }- UH
}SGU S vG U H G ...?
SGU } GUG }G
GzGG |H U GG
UGS
GUS
SGUG
315
315
317
318
319
GUG }G U GGU
M GU U GUGH
GUG U H U G
S UH U SG
GU } x U H
x }G G |H
} } U S }Hx ?
U G GSS } S
U x
, GUG H G U GU
U Lv
S U }G U H x
GU U vG x n !
GGUGU G}} U GSS U GU
S GUG U H
U GUG U
}GH G } GUG G}
G} | U GUG U GS
GUG U }
GUG G} U GGU (G-GU)
}G GUS U GUG
G} U }G
U U vG }G
G} | U }G G
UGS
A11
32
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
332
334
335
336
336
337
338
338
339
340
340
341
SGUG
GUG U HzGG |H x ?
GUH U x GUG G} G
GU GS U GUH G SU
G U S v U ?
GU U S v U ?
v }xG U vG G S ?
G U GUG U v Gv}
}G U GU
}G} U GU U U }SH
100 UG U GH
U U U S ?
x U x U GGU
GU U -G GH
100 zG U S }H
GUGU U GU
}SU U GU
GU U GH U } SH
342
342
M GU U GUGH
H U G } U U --U
GGU } U | }xGGU
UGU
-U G U wG
GU } H GGU
U G
G U S U S
G G S
}G G SG G
} U H xG U GUGH
G U U
}G G GUG UGU
371
A11
342
343
343
344
345
345
347
347
349
350
351
351
353
353
355
}G G U GGU
372
372
374
375
376
377
377
378
378
379
380
380
}G U GU}
UGS
A12
GUS
GUS
SGUG
}G G } Lv S
}G G U GGU (G-GU)
HxG } G U G U G
HxG HGU U G
HxG HGU U G
G U G G
xG }G G
G U Un }G U GGU
G } U SGU
G U }G }H ?
xH GU H U G
} U GU}
G U U{ U S
G U U{ U GGU
U G U GGU
}G G U S U }SH
v U G U U{ SU ?
UGU U G
UG x !
UzGGU U G } U
381
}G U M GU G U GUGH
GU H }G U GU} ?
}G U }
SU UH U }G GU} ?
H }
}G U G}} U GUGH
GU GH
S U H S GGUG
GGU } x U S
GU G S U } H
396
381
383
384
384
385
385
386
386
387
387
388
388
389
389
390
390
391
391
393
GUG }G
399
400
401
401
402
402
403
403
404
H S } }G U G
xG U G
}G U H UH G
G G} U S
S U S
G GUH
GS }xG U }
SG G U
GUH U G U S ?
}G U U UG 44 H } S G
GG GU S }GGUG
}G }G x U }GGU
200 SH U G U S
}G} H U }G }H
}G U GSS }H
x
SGU }G U G
S G S U G U S
}G U } U GU GG U S
GU H S GU G U GUGH
G }xGGU
MG }G
S-H UGU U GUGH
}G U }
U U
S G }} gG U GUGH
S
G GU U SxGGU
S x }GGU
}G }G U
A12
SGUG
405
406
407
407
408
409
410
410
411
412
413
413
414
415
415
416
417
417
418
418
418
419
420
420
421
421
422
422
423
}G U GU}
G
}HS G} } U
}G GUG U 11 G
}G U S
xGSH }G U vG
xGSH }G S xG }vU
GyG } GU U GUGH
GyG S GUG
Gy G S H M GU G SU
H G U | G
GyG U 7 }- UH
}G U }} U } }SH
}GG G U GGU
M GU U GUGH
H G x

}GG G U H S GUH U S
}G G U H U S
}G G U GGU
}G G US ?
G U GyG S
}G G U vG
G U { }G }H ?
G U }G }H v U ?
G U GyG U GU}
G 20 S
GU G U U }SG
v GU U 8 }- UH
}- S }
UGS
A13
UGG
424
G
} U }S UGU
G U }S UGU
425
UGU U zGSH
426
426
xGSH } U GGU
427 } U UGU U GGU

427 G U UGU U GGU
428 }G G GU
UGG
465
465
465
466
467
467
468
GUG U GGU
429
430
}vGH G U S
472
431
S G U S
473
H U GGU S G
473
G } --U U
474
433
436
437
437
}G U G GU U GUGH
UGU U x
438 G U --U
438 SH S U G
474
475
475
476
439
G }xGGU U GUGH
476
440
U U} U S SG
477
441
HS
478
441
GGU
478
}Z U U
479
S wGHS U S
480
442
443
443
}} S
U H U
444
446 SH S U 17 }- UH
447 SH S U GGU
SH S U } GGU
480
482
486
486
} } S HS (40) S 454 H GG
U GUG U GGU 491
S GS }xGGU
465 SH S U H G U GGU
492
GGU G vGU
465 }G GG U GGU
496
A13
}G U GU}
A14
zGGH G}H
U }
U G
}G xzG-x U G
wG U U U G} UG
U G GU x J GS U vG
U U }
U x G }
UG x GG U, HH
} G}H vG
} H G } , U }
UG}
G }
GH U } }xGH J G } GH
U } }xGH x }xG UGH UGH
UG} x J U U U x G} zGGH
U G U
vG } U U U Gv} UG} J
A14
U GGU
}G U GU}
(G-GU)
G U GGU
S SH }......
x G U GU
G U| U}G
v Hx S G x ?
}S S GUG G U SG H }-
GU H......
U GGU
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
GG U G GU U
(G-GU)
G U GGU
SH H G G, GU }U U
U U xG-HG U S} J
M GU U GUGH
SU GH}, }SS}, }, SH
}G}
U GU} }GGG} , S
} } GGU GU }G U S }
M U G H GH GGU U S U S
S U x wG J
GS} xG U
G GU SH
GG S GS} xG
2
}G U GU}
GU S GG G U
J
U GGU
U U G H G H G
U }GU} U }x G U U UU
}SU L-GUGU S GU} Hx, } v }SU ?
U S SH U G GU}, U SU
}
S x G GU}
GUxG }SU SG U}
S GU}
, } v }SU ? SG U}
U,
GG
H S U S H
J } } }SGGU
GU}, } G U
{ S U { S U S U }SG U
S S U { S U x G J1
G U U G GS}
U, v SS} |H U ?
SH }GHGU U
US U U U
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
} } SH} | ! ? SG
U}
SU GLH }
S U J G S
S x { U SG | }H} x J
G } UH U S } U, U } H U SGU U
S U U, { S HU S} S U, { S
U S S G U U, S ( U) U }SGG
U S S U S S U U { S U S
S U G U U x | G J
x G U GU
G U H U x , G}
} U } zGG GU vGH U GG GH}
GH
GU} , U } S
}} G} GGU
}G }S UGU U
GG } GU H x U U G
, S S G (} S}H ) U GUG U J
4
}G U GU}
U GGU
U U G H G H G
G U SG G GU
J
GU} : ! } U GU} S
U H J S GU GG U, } U J U wGS
U G (} S}H H ) U GUG U ,
S wGS S GU}, } | ! G
S U H J S GG U, } U J U
wGS U G U GUG U S GU},
x S S U H J S GG U, }
U J S }} G} GGU
UGU U G S U Hx U G G HG
x G
G }x, H
} S UGU U Gy} U
G GUH GU} H S S
U G U H U x G G x J1
1
5
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
G | J
U GGU
} M U G H G H
S U x !
GS U GHS , S S}H U U
G U S U S S U S S} U x J
S xG S}H U G U S U
U x xG J1
G S U GUGH
GS U } U G S H G U
G U H U GG J2
G } H
} U
S
GG S
S GU}, ! x } } G
U SGG S U v U }-HUH }
S U MG GH G } GUG U S U H
H J3
2.
1
3.
6
}G U GU}
U GGU
G U } U
J
GU SGGGU
} GU H GG }} G} G G
GU} , } G }SG J1
}S S GGUG U SG
H
GG S }S UH}H
S GU}, }S ! x G U
S } U }S G U }H}
U J2
} G SH} U S J3
G} G U S GMGU U S S
vG G U S GUGH
} GU }} H S }} G} G G
GU} , G GGU (
) GU},
} G H GH S U S GUGH S
1 GU -G, . 1, S.
702,
G GU H 2. G 3. G
7
}G U GU}
U GGU
GG U G GU U
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
}GU GU} :(1) }HU S U SG } xG U (2) GUH} S U U
H (3) S U G SG U (4) S S v H
GU (5) S H GH U GU | U
S U S S U GGUG U (6) Sv } S S
(7) U G } H } J1
x S
GU S, U GH, GU}, S }
} G U }x U | U S vG G U
U G U S U Gv} GS x S
}Hx J2
G U GGU (G-GU)
UH GU U GGU } U U x
1. G S. 702
703
2.
8
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U GGU
U U UG U U } H G J
}SG J G U H U S , H U
U U , H } G S | U H zGGH
HG G S S GG U U } Gv} H
H U GSH U U H G U J
S}H U H U | S J U
U H U U G x GU U H
x J 2 3 3 U {, (H
U U) U xH U GHH | U J U}
G U} 3 3 U } }SU
U }SU U { H J GH SH}
}} }G}} xGGH
GU} , }SU U
vG }G } GU } U GU GRUH
U H } U U U U J 1 S{
U 3 H S ( H U U) S GG
3 UH U U } U G
1
9
}G U GU}
U GGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
x G xG-xG | U H J U S{
UU 3 H ( { H UGU ) S (
H U U) 3 U } } x U
G x G U U G U ,
(H U U) S U SGU U H
xH U U SG } H J 3 S
S GG { U S G- S U H x MG
S H U G U U U U U H S S
U U H U x J x G
G} { (H U U ) S GG
GHH U U xH U xH U GGU S GH U U
S} U GGU UH J U H S{ xH U S
S { MGG U U U S} 3 { J S GG
U { H J 2 { G U {
10
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
10
U GGU
UG U G U } U G }
}SG J vS Hx H } H U S 3
G U U U H S GG
U S U UH U U
U HG U GGU { J
H | U U U U G U
(xG G SGG S U) U SGU J
(H U U) S U }SGG S GG U U 2 x
UH} U xH U G U 2 U 3 3
xH U S U S S }H H U H
H U xg U S GG H U
H S S , U xg S H
U H , UH} U xH x S S
UH }S , U UH} U xH S U
U M SyGG U x S U U SyGG U }SGG
U xH ( xH) U U SG }
11
}G U GU}
11
U GGU
GU SGGGU
U } GU G H GH U H U GUG
H GUG G G J
GH U xH U S x U H GSS
U }SGG U, GG Hx xH U {H U
U UH U }SGG U S J S
U }SGG U S GUH GG U U G
H H H H G {
U U v x J H S{ U
xH S MG U U wG U U U
}SG U { H U 3 3 { H J
2 U xH U GHH U S J (GHH U
H ) S U }SG GGU U
U xH S S{ U xH U GHH MG U U
x Gy} U U xH S
U x S MG U U xH Gy} U H J
(G}} U)
GH SH} }} }}G } xGGH

12
GU}
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
J
12
U GGU
U U G H GH G
, GG { vG }} U U } S GG U
x UH J 1
G U G | G H
(H G M GU)
} : H
! }
US S U H }
} UG H }
}H U J 2
U G H
GS U } , S GG G U
UH} G S U H U G H
S S GH J 3
1.
2.
3.
13
}G U GU}
U GGU
13
GU SGGGU
U U H J
U G G U
G U S GU G GUGH
GS } U } , G U U }
S GU G SgGU } S } G
- } } U } Gx H
} }G } } U S x J1
G U| U}G
G U S} U GGU U S
G H U
S U G U| U}G x J 2
HzGG H U GMGU U S S
G U GUG
(1)
(2)
U S} {
1.
2.
14
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
(3)
U GGU
14
G G G U G GU U U
S U }SG U (4) wG S} { J 1
{ U GU
US GG U { U } U S GG U
GSS U} G U} GUG J SGU |x
U H U GG G H U GUG U
{ Ux S GG G xGSH x J2
U} H G-H} U GMGU
U S S G U 14 S
G U GGU (G-GU) } G S
}SG U U S U }G GG }H-GG
GU} J 1 U 2S}H G J x G
S GUH
U H U G x GU
U H x J3
3 2 U {
1.
2.
3.
GU -G, . 1 , S.
218 ,
15
G GU
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GGU J
15
U GGU
G G U G U H U
4 3 }SU U
53 H S 3
UH U 6G xG-xG U 73 H
S 3 U } G 8G (G} }
U S }) S U GHH U 9 10
U xH U GHH U 11 S U U }SG
U 12U U }SG U
13GUG } GU}
( GUG G } H } U U S}
{ U S U }SG U U {) 14
G U U GG S U S GG {
H J2
HH U UGG U
H} U GMGU U S S
G U 29 }S-G
1GUH M
2 x
3
4
vG G U
5yG} S G U
6G
1.
16
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
16
U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
G H G H GSS S< } 7G U
} xG GM US S } H
7S{ S UH
U 9S{ S U } G 10 S
U SGU U 11 U xH U } H
12xH U S x U U }SG U
13 U
U }SG U vG |x xH U U SG } GH
U 14x U G--U U H
GU U S U x , x SwG
G--U U x U GUG J 1
15
}G
-G (S U zGSH GU} S SH U SGUG 42 45
}H-GG GU} H) }G U vG MG S
H G U H 16 U}H G G U
S U U x S S U
1.
17
}G U GU}
GU SGG GU
J
17
U GGU
U U G H G H G
U ( U U GGU U U) wG, G, ,
U (G U } n), (xH U } H
x) U U GSS U S GH
GH U H U H GUG U x U GS
GH U vS x U x GU
GH U S GH G}
GH GUG J1 17G U H GGU x
G H xG S G U S{
18
{ vG S GG UH U H U U
U GSS | {H 19 20 U
SG U x GUG S
U GGU } U G }-SH U S { G
U wG { H U {
21
S } { 22 { } xH S MG U
23 GG { U S U U U
1 G, GSS : 2, S.
19,
}H }< H GU,
18
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
G | J
18
U GGU
} M U G H G H
U UG U GSS U }S }
U GU }S G U U GUG x }vM
G} J1 24 GG U { vG }SG U vG
G U GG 25 } S}H U S
S M GU UH} G H 26G
G H GM x | H GM
UH GU
U U GU U G GU}
U U HG } x 27 G U U
U G U J2 28 G } ( }
U GSS x U GU ) GU J 3
( GU vG } U U U } } }S
G G U vG | U vG } U U U }
xG U GG G U GU J)29 x
1.
G, GSS : 2, S.
20,
}-H }< H GU,
2.
3.
19
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
19
U GGU
G U } U
J
}vM vG vG zGH U S GH
G U J4
G S U GMGU U
S S G U 15 }vM
(1)
G U H U x (2) U x G U
x (3) G G S H xG } GUG U (}
{ vG | H } G}} S U GUG x S U
GH ) (4) GUH U GGU U xG} H UH
U (5) G G U (GG SLG GH}

}H }zG } GH G} SG
G GSS } SGUG } 23 }-H }< H GU

} GU} , U } H vG { H UGU
H H SGU ) (6) U} G U U S
( GH G H U G S G
x U} H U S | U }-SSG ) J
(7) } } (8) } H vG UU (9) U
.1
20
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
20
U GGU
GG U G GU U
S } { U GUG U G
xH U }SG U
(11)
(10)
S UH U U }
G (12) S{ S U SGU U (13) 3

S 3 S U }SG U (14) { U x} S
G U (15) G S U x U
S x G x J G U S U U }vM
S GG }vM U U S J1
}S}H U } }SH
x G wGS U xH U G
U U UG G } { U
|H U ( S100 / S25 xG/ S
S
225
GU,2) S U} (}-SH S |
H xG) } G }S}H ( S}H

) x G xGSH U HGU J S GG
S xGSH GUG S U S} U U {H GSS

1. G, GSS : 2 , S. 22, }H }< H GU,
2 GU }-G-GU, . 139 , G H
21
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
21
U GGU
U U UG U U } H G J
S G xGSH U U} U J
x {H {H U U GSS G
G J 1 (}S}H G xGSH U zGSH GU}
S U H G GSS 2 U }G-HG GU})
H }-
} GU H GG, }} H S, H
}, GG}H --U, GG}H }, }G

SH, }g }H, G} S, }G G,
H} G, GGU, SG G --U, GG
GH} }H HG H GGUG H GU
GU} , U US
}} G} G G
S G GSS U } GUG (x) S

H U U G U UG S
GG } U GGU vGU } x ( } U
1. G, GSS : 2, S.
48
22
}G U GU}
22
U GGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
U U } S ) U 3 U U|
S10 12 UH | U SGU } ( }U}}H

SGU) U UGU , GHH UH SU
}SU, S UH U U }GUG ( SG) }

GH } ( H) S } U
GZ U G G U H , S U | U G
(G ) SU U}H SGU (
}U}}H SGU) | }vU ( S U SwG U)
}-Gg GS } U }G U
G GU S U } }
G S U } S UH U GU U } } S
vG x U U S U } }HU U
S S S SwG G U S J
GG U}, }SS}, }, SH
}G}
GU}, } } S U
U }G U H G U }SU U H v U
23
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
23
U GGU
UG U G U } U G }
}G } GU U GU }
S U } H GG S U } S UH
GU U } } GH J1 G-
U } GG S S
U U 2 GU S S G U GG
x U S U }G G S U
} U G US J2
SGU U GG} }- SG
GH SH} }} }G}} xGGH
GU} , G S GUx U }G U GGU
}- S vG S U U G
G Hx U G G G G (
1.
2.
625,
- GU -G, H, S. 624
G GU }UGH H H.
24
}G U GU}
24
U GGU
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
U) U }x H U U U xG x H
} } U G U GHGU v U H
U | H J }G GU} , G G U H
H U U H U G (
SGU) U x U G G} wGHGU
S J wGS H U x U H-x S
U U GUGU G G ( SGU) G
G vGU U S U }SH S wS U S
U }G U U S wG
}U x xG U }x }U U M GSS
U SGU U J S
U }U U U xx x G x
G, G G G S} SU J1
1.
25
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
25
U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
S U U GMGU U SS
Gw}G xG S wG UH U 5 GU}
(1)
wG, G U S UH U S U
} S x U SHG S x U G
xGSH } { GUG G J1 (2) wG x }U
| S S U U GU U U Hx
wG | }U GHH U
}SU U xH S } S U GG }-SH
S xG U S wG U S G U }
xH H S wG U SG x }x wG U
GUH G J2 (3) x }x U S
x S U xGSH G } { GUG }-SH
} U UH x
UH wG U U SG U
1.
2. }HwGG GU -G, H, S. 280 G GU H.
26
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
G | J
U GGU
26
} M U G H G H
UH S } G J1
(4)
GwG} U G
LyG }U }x U x G x J2
(5) GwG}
U wG U U
xG U H U x wG H U x
G x J3
v Hx S G x ?
(1)
x } v Hx } SGU S S } G
x U U }vG } wG UH (2) U S U
v Hx U H U GGU wG U
U }vG } HG G J (3) S GG
xHUG xG U S } Hx S G x v U
U }vG } wG UH U U } J x
HGUG U }vG } wG U } G
1. }HwGG G GU -G, 1, S. 280 G GU H.
2. G 3. G
27
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
27
U GGU
G U } U
J
x (4) S U GG S U U H wG UH S
G v U U }vG } S H
wG U GG U | S wG |
} U }G G J
U S
(1)
U } U S S U
G | G x J 1 zGSS vS Hx S }SH S
GUGU S }G H
S U S U } S} U S U U
} xG S U UG U U H J
(2)
U S LyG }G UH U
S S G | J 2 (3) LyG S S
1.
2.
28
}G U GU}
28
U GGU
GU SGGGU
GG U G GU
U GUG H J
UH G G U J1 }-SH wG
U UH G GU U } | U J
H UG
(1)
H H x S U x G
x J2 (2) UG UH x S U
} H GU S } } GH x S
} | x U UH G
U 3 x S U U wG xG U GU
G | x | U J4 (3) G
UG } x H LyG SGU U
UG S S U U S U J5
(4)
U SGU U S } S } wG UH G ,
S ( G }S) U G U J6
1. }wGG G GU -G wG , . 1 , S. 280
2.
3.
4.UGU -G wG , . 1 , S. 356 , G GU
5. }wG G G GU -G wG , . 1, S. 280 6 G, S. 281
29
}G U GU}
29
U GGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
GU S U G
} | GU , SzG ( H x U UG
) U G G J GU UHGU U xG U
SU S } | U J } | GU U GG U
S U S UG U GM J1
S U GU}
(1)
LUG S H }G } HxG GUGU Hx
G S S U S S H S
G | x }G | x, x G S S U
SGU G S }G x G GU , }SU S }G
x G 2 }SU } G UH SGU
G J (2) HxG }G G } GUGU Hx
}G x G GU J3 }G U GH GUGU Hx S
1.
2.
3. G
30
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
30
U GGU
G G G U G GU U U
G }x U H }SG J1 } } }
GU
U| | GUGU Hx HG
} | U U U S | G }
G G S S J GU} }SGGU
}SU H
:
U
GGU S GUGU G U GGU S J2
v S~ S G ?
G} } } U S~ H
S~ S G UH xGHG J3
G U S U GU S H U 2 S} S S~
U S U GU H J4 U
xG GM S~ H }G S U S} S~
H G} J
1.
2.
3. }wGG G GU -G GU . 1 , S. 352 G GU
4.
31
}G U GU}
GU SGG GU
J
31
U GGU
U U G H G H G
xGSH U G UGU
xGSH U H G U UGU wG
J xGSH U G U GM
U x G | U xGSH U H S G G
| HG G | x, UG H
U S | G J
U } wG
(1) } S wG UH x U xGH G
x , xG-H U wG U x U U x
SG wG xGH S} x G x
SG U U | J x U G wG U xGH
} x HG G x G U U J1 (2) }
S wG UH U U SG x H xHS
S } Hx U UH U H H H xHS
1.
32
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U GGU
32
wGG M U G H U S H J
UH S x HG S }GUG H } H
U GG S UH U | GG GU}
U G U U UG xG G J
{ U GU
(1)
U U { U | S GG
U S GG G} Hx U J1
(2)
{ {
H } | ( | U GG)
U x { } U SGU S U
U H U J2
G } U U 5 GU}
(1) x G US
GG U { } U GUG
1.
2. G, GSS : 2, S. 29, }-H }< H GU
33
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
U GGU
33
U U G H G H G
x Gx U H GUG S U { H
x vS U G U S U GGU
J x S GG G | U G S U U
GH } U J1 (2) G U Hx U
G , S S } G v U SGU
U S G J2 (3) SS U S } GG G
U GG
G G J
(4)
GU S
vG U G U G U S GU
U GUS} SU J (5) U U GG { S x
}x U S GG ( )
{ H J3
U
!
U
S} S S UG U U
1.
2.
3.
34
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
G | J
U GGU
34
} M U G H G H
U S} J1 U
U HG U J 2
S S G U
S G U GZ :-
(1)
GG } J (2) S GH S xGGUH
U S } LU J GZ }G S
| GG } G S GH } S
xGGUH U S } LU S G U G
J x U G S G
x J
S U S G S G :(1)
S GG U S G}
U GGU UH J
US, H S U S U |
Gv} (2) S GG U S G}
1, }wGG G GU -GG, . 4 , S. 452 , G GU H
2.
35
}G U GU}
35
U GGU
G U } U
J
GU SGGGU
H U U GGU } H H wG G} xG
S H (3) G H (UG)
} U wG G} wG xG (4)
G S{
S
(6)
(5)
G G xG G U
x S }x G G
S }
(7)
U S U Hx U S GG
U S } x U S x G
(8)
(9)
LUG U GH } (10) S U }GGU
S GG } S U S GG S U U
G H S J }GU S }G } GUG
GH }G, G x }G | GUS x
x GUS S, H
Lv UH S U
S U G ( U) GM x
MG U U x GSS x U
x GU U x J
S U S G S G :(1) vG U U H S GG U 2
36
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
(2)
U GGU
36
GG U G GU U
U H H
(3)
U H H (4) U H J (5) U U
U Hx U S
(6)
U S GG S U U
U U S U S U 2 S
(7)
x S S U
(8) U G S GG S U 2
S } (9) G UG } U S GG
U S H (10) S GG G S
U S GG S U G S U G
H S }H UH J }GU S
}G } GUG }G U GH G x J U
x S } GUS S }G GUS x H
GUS S G x }x }G GU J G
(}wGSS G U S) GU }G S x S G SU
J G }H} S S G H J 1
1. }wGG G GU -G GU wG , .1 S. 365 366 ,
G GU
37
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
37
U GGU
U U UG U U } H G J
}S U GG
}SU U S G GU } wG
U | SG U S U }x
zGSS U GG U J }S U GG |
vS U} x S U S SG U H UH
U UG G , G U G}}} U wG
GU G U vG S S | G G J
} GG
UH S ( { U U) G G G
U U U GHGU }SG J zGSS ! Hx
S | G G U }x S } GG
! S U H SH} | U
G} } }- U SU }U } U}
G U} U U GG GM J S }
GG GM U U { S GU x
38
}G U GU}
U GGU
38
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
U H x } wG xG U S
} G U }SH x x }GG GG
S SH U vG S }
GSH U J H S (W.C.) } S S U U
S } G}} U wG U GGU HG
GUxG U GG U GSS { H J
GG U GGU
H GG U UH }SG H} G
HS HS , G} S
16
, S U
}G S x S U GG SG S
H} U S S S S U G U }, S
S x S} U U } GUSH
26
, x U GGU S GG H (Slope) U H
SG S G , U x GU} U
39
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
U GGU
39
UG U G U } U G }
H} U }UG S }}H G }-SH UH SG x

, 2 GU} U } GSS } }G U
GGU SG 4 U H U S } G} U S
GG H U H SG 3.5 S G J
H } U | | J
(H) SwG U
}vS H H U G} S 32 , S U
{ H H
(Slope)
Gx U H
U wG xG S S
x J }}H }} U U }S } | S U S
GG SU J
SHH U S10 GMGU U S

S GG U 10 }- UH
1
}}U S SH U GG U
vG S } GSH U U } GG
J
40
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
40
U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
}} U HH S xG vG U }GGU
H GG U H ( H)
GU U H (Slope) 2 J
x U S G H Hx 2 H U
} 25 U GUSH J
GG U } GS GM
HSU U H
Hx H J
x U S Hx GS GM
S x U 2 }G U H J
U U U} U U U { S
U G U U GG H U
wG U J
GG G}}} xG U GU G Hx
(Slip Resistance Tiles) Hx U USH
U GG U} J
41
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
42
U GGU
U U G H G H G
U GG G G
(CHECK TILES)
Hx U USH U }U
J
9
x G G }H SU U
x U S S U H H U} G
U} H wG xH
U GM xG U }H G SU J
10
G, xGSH G, H GH U GU, H
SG, , }S U GG
U GM G }GU} U GU U H
(Slope)
}} S S H U G x
(}-SH 2 U 3 ) J
}} Ux U GURU } U U
GUG | LUx x S U }
x SU H HG S U
} Ux
42
S U GU
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
43
U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
G Hx v U }- U vS
GU xG x x G J
U G U H 6 GU}
1
GUG , S G G , GwG} ,
S }G S , U, GU, S S
UH, UG S S LyG S
S G , x US U S GG U
}G }SSH MG S G U
U vG xG x U G U S }G GUG
U SU G }G J U G S S vG }
}G G J S U G S }G S
x J1
GUG }G U vG }G U G
Gv} S S } x }G U GG
G G G x S
1.
43
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
41
U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
S U GS | HGGU GUG }G U vG
S G x J1 GUG }G U vG S
}G U G S US GS U vG G
U S xGM G x
US zG UH U G U U
G U vG Gy} G x U | U
US GUG }G U vG x J2
3
GG S x U }G U U vG
} U | G }G x J }-SH
US U S vG GUG }H
}H U G U U GUG U H }G
x J S GU } }GUG }H U
G U U }G G H }x U { zGG GUG
| }G J x U vG S
1.
2.
44
44
}G U GU}
GU S GG G U
J
U GGU
U U G H G H G
xG x U U | GUG }G
U U| H GH ( S vG }SSH
}G ) U }G x J1
4
}G U G S G S S U S
}G x S U G G G H
x G }-SH S U G G
U }G GUG UH S S U G x J
S U G G U }G S U G G
S G x J
}G US GS ( G G H G}H) U
G U G U vG G
S U S }G U G U GG H
G x G x ( Gv} S S } x
}G GG U US S S U
S G U x GG U S G U
1.
45
}G U GU}
U GGU
45
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
G GG U S } G x) }-SH
S U GUG S U G G S
G U G U vG GUG G
U U GUG G x J x G
U } GUG x J1
6
}G U S GG U S U S UG U
x U } S G U x
U }GUG U S { U U
UG S }G G Hx U U U }G GUG
x U }G G U
U x { GM J S S G
x }SH | H | S U }G
x J2
(}G U G U zGSH }SH G GSS 2
S }H} U H)
1.
GU -GG, . 4, S.
2.
375 ,
46
G GU H
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
J
46
U GGU
U U G H GH G
S }-GU<GU
(1)
, G, , }G, }, UG }
G U x S UH G x J1 (2) }
G U S }}H S | G G x J2 }
G U x S G G x J3 (3)
S G J 4 (4) G Hx U U GG
U } H S G xGHG J (5) G x
G G US S S G S S G
U H H {H G {H x J5
(6)
GU
U S U US U US | G } GU
U U } S U G G} J 6 (7) U
U G G G } G J
1.
2. G, 3.
4.
5.}wGG GU -GG, . 1, S. 255, G GU
6.
47
}G U GU}
U GGU
47
H
GU SGGGU
U U H J
H }SGGU
U G G U
} SGU S -G G
U S vG G S GU} J
G } U SGU
UH vS Hx G } G H H U G
J G
U G GG H H
H S U S G U
GG , S GG }SG U vS H H
G ! } S U H
S U SGU S
, GU} U G G G GUG GUG U GS x J

SGU U }G}} } 4 GS }-U S GU
G
S HG J
(1)
| SGU
H U
SH, SH }vGH, S } U
48
}G U GU}
U GGU
48
G G G U G GU U U
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
xH U }v UH
GG S S
xG G U J GU},
SGU US ? GG U, v G } | SGU ? GU},
x } J1
H GG U GU
} GU H GG, }} H S
S GS U G GU} , GS } | SGU
S GU} SGU -G } }G}} U J
U}
(-} UGH } :
U G H S S J
) }yGHGU
SGU | }G}} }}G x U wG SGU

GUH G } SxG GGUGU }GU
G} J ( G } SGU U (}}--G) U Gv}
GGUGU } }}--G U Gv} G} U GU
J)2
1.
2. GU -GG GU wG , .H. S.
49
731
49
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GGU J
U GGU
G G U G U H U
}zG G} G U zGS
}GUSS GG }zG G} G
U GU } U S-H
H GG
G} U U} } 141 U G G (
SGU) U zGSH U GU} GG , G
x G U | G S }H G U
U H U GUGU | G , GM S
G G | G S H G G U (H
G -G) 4 { SGU } x J 1
(2)
SGU U
GG S GH G}
GU}
, H U }G, xG, }GG GH G

U wGS U G U , GU},
SGU U SGU U J 2
1.
2.
50
}G U GU}
U GGU
50
wGG M U G H U S H J
GU SGGGU
(3)
SGU G U}
GG S S
S , G
} S } U G (|H) U}
G U GGU S J1
(4)
U SGU }GH }x US ?
GG S GH }xGzGGUH
U S GG }x S U H
! }
S U GGU H SGU }GH }x J

GU} U } ! H
S }x GG
S S U }x J } SHH
GU} S U S }} } GU} x G G
} G S G U Ux J2
} } SH} | ! }GUSS GG }zG
1.
2.
51
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
51
U GGU
U U G H G H G
G} G
S GS U U G GU} ,
G } G ( G S G) U S U
G U S U GM S U SG G
U J GUS ( U S S H S U) }x
U S } wGS G G GUL S U Gv}
x J1
U G} U
U G} vGS GG S GH}
} GG U G U } , GG
vGS
G U U S }
GG 3 3 { U GU}, G S GG ,
1. }, H, S. 239
52
}G U GU}
GU SGG GU
| J
52
U GGU
} M U G H G H G
S S G U U} U S U G} U J 1
G-}H G G S
} } SH} | ! S GS U S }H}
U S U H G G-}H G G U U S
U S S S J }HxG U U S
G}H U xG SGU U SGU GS GM
U 3 3 G U { U G U U SH} |
U J xG H G -G U GG 4
{H S U GH , U G SHG
U | G U U }HxG U
xG-HG U J SH} U S U
U }- GUGUH } GGU SH U SG } }-
U} GS GGU SU J LS G U GM GM
GM S H J SGU U { G U GGU G
1
53
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
53
U GGU
G U } U J
H S SGG } } G U }UH J
}GU U x J
}S }S U U SGU
}S }S xG U GG }
vGGU U Gv} } J S U U
U GU} } GUGU J Hx }S U GG
U S U G } H GM GUGU
xGzGH H U S 3 S G } G {
S }U GU wG xG GU} H, GGU G
HG U H U H J } GU
H GG, }} H S, H }, GG}H
--U, GG}H }, }G SH, }g
}H, G} S, }G G, GH} G,
GGU, SG G --U, GG GH} }H
54
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
54
U GGU
GG U G GU U
HG H GGUG H GU }} G} G
G
GU} , x vGGU S G U
G G U H
GUGU G} v U S }
G G U U G x }S U
S GUS} U U SGU Hx U H
vGGU -G G U J1
} } SH} | ! U SGU S
S U }}HU ( }U
U) }-SH U S G U J
S U
}yGH U G U SGU U H U
} wG }GU U U -G G S H U }S U U
SGU U U G} U }U J
1. GU -GG wG , .H,, S. 258 , G GU
55
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
55
U GGU
U U UG U U } H G J
G} G U S GMGU U
S S H GG U GGU S
SGU S U 7
1
G Hx H H } S H U H
GH U x U x S S GG
J
H | GM U S U} U H
H S U G }-SH U } } S U
G U H v GM SGU ( {)
| UGU U | H UH U H | U
J
H U }-SSG }H U S
x U ( }) GUG (
U) U G S G x, S U GUGU
}H} SU U U } H U G
U G x GUG ( U
) S G G U GS J x H S
56
}G U GU}
56
U GGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
( U H) GG U {
x U U J (H H } | U
GH )
4
G { S H |x U H U
G G (), () U U}
GSS }S} S} ( S<) } S U
G G U G } GU
{ } x GH G S U }-
( |H ) J
UH H U U
G } S SwG
} S U wG SGU U S S
GS zGGH (U GG U H SGU )
U G } S S S J
57
57
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
U GGU
UG U G U } U G }
}}H }} S- }} S-H}
GU} : SHH
U S}H
GU} S~ }GUgS S }U S Hx
GU - } G }G
Hx
J1 S U { S H S wG |x H U
S H G H U G } xG x
U S G x J
6
S ( ) x H S { H
G S U ( U) x^ U U GHH
SH ( }SSH) U U } x
U x U x U
(H H) } x U x }U (
) xx J ( S GG SGU U S x)
G Hx U U G U U (
1.
58
}G U GU}
58
U GGU
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
U) x^ U H U S U H
G U GGU H x U U {
S U U SHS U GG ( U GG)
x U U ( U) x^
U H U { U H LU G U H
U S U ( MG) U U
S U G S U x^ U
S U GvS J ( U x^ S G U GGU
H S )
GUH }G U SHGU S U} H J }} GUG

v wG GU}, SHGU S G
| UGU SHGUx (S) |
UGU U J 1
1. G GU : GU -GG GU wG , H, S. 765
770 G GU
59
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
59
U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
SGU S U GMGU
U S S SGU S U H
14 }- UH
(1)
U | GG SGU U , S S
U U U | U MG
U J
(2)
xG GURU U U S S }-G U
G xGSH | S U }GGU |
U} S U} G J U U GU}
} U U G GUG GUG U GS J
(3)
G U vG H GG S H, G
}}U S } U H U S
GM H U J
(4)
H U }GUH } H S G U } U} G
S U H }}U H S G U,
x H U xG xG }}U S } |
U SU U G } S
60
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
G | J
60
U GGU
} M U G H G H
H S { H J H S G U G , S US
(5)
GG | SGU S U S UH J
}SU, UH, xG-xG, U U SGU, G
U xH U GHH }SG U vG U |
GUG U GG H U U G
(6)
J
H wGSS S< } G xGSH U G
UG xG { U H x} U GSH U GG
} }G U US
(7)
} H UH H U U J
} { U H S U x } |
GG S G U J }-SH { U H
H } U G GUG H U S H U x
SU x H S S } H U
Hx G G SU J
(8)
S}H U S S } S
S } UH , U }
S S H U GG x J { U S U
61
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
61
U GGU
G U } U J
U | S U U S
(9)
H J
U U xHS } G
U x xG U GU UU U
UH xG } H J
(10) UH, UG, GU U U U U

}} | { vG S GU G xG GM
U UH U GSSS H H
} S !!! U !
H } }
(11) vS } wG } wG
H
H , GM U
xG U U G ,
} S| U GS G S }G-}H
} SGU S J
(12) S G } H S}H U U GU S
G U } | G G |
vS H J U U U
62
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
62
U GGU
G U } U
J
U U U H H U
W.C.
U G S U GU S (}x
S ) G SG } H U
S} U zGG } U} x J zGH
U S SGU } G SGU J
(13) H S GUG U GU S U GH UH
GG x J S GU }S
}S U H U }x U H
G} U G}} S}
G U U H GU U U U
J
(14) , U }M , UH U xG
}G-}H } wG GG GU} U ,
xGG G GUG S}H J
}SGGU
} SGU S -G G U
S vG G S GU} J
63
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
63
U GGU
GG U G GU U
H
GG
U
vG
G}
36
Hx
vG
} H U GS
GM }} }S
} | GG
U J
SH G U S U
xG} U vG, }G, S
HS }H xG } }U--H } U G U
SH vGS} U U S U}, xU U
S GUG } U H U | SH
U }}H , wG GU U GG
}GH U } vGGU vGGU H H U S |
SH U U U U {} }.
64
}G U GU}
(((G G U vG)))
U
GGU

SS
41
1
wG
G SS
S SH } }H-GG GU} :
G H
GU GGUG U H
} U H
U vG
{ GzGGUG
G G
GU H......
}G U GU}
G SS
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
GG U G GU U
G SS
U 32 GUG } }U}}H G H
G U } G xG }H} }H}H x J
H
U }G, xG, }GG GH

U GU} G-G} , H
U GG } }G H } }H
}-GUG U
M U G
U H U xH H x wG J
} H
HxG GU U GH}x
xG G GU, SH} U -H U G }G (}G}H G} 1421
.) , US } GU} J GM }} U G GG G} J
G
G G
G
1:
66
}G U GU}
G SS
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
G U Gv} U GUH SH}

U G U , } } } <
U U GH G } U SH} U J H
U, G } v v Gv} ? } H x
J U U GH} U H x HU U | U
}H} J U UU }H} H U
wG U G U UGU wG }x x U }SG
U Gv} | GU J H x J U GG
U U Hx, } UG Hv ,
x x U GGU G U
GUG Hx G U a G} }xGG U
G H }G GzG UG G GH J
U G } x U }SG U Gv} } } } x
HG } }} }} x J
67
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
G SS
G G GU G GU U U
}xG } U }
}xG }}HU } } (DEPRESSION) U
}G vGGU , }xG G H , xH G U
} GGU J zG }G U } U
}G U { J }xG } U
H}
U US GUG S U U , }xG } }
U } U }GG , } (DEPRESSION)
U H
G G U H
G U U GGU }}U
J U v }GUH } G xG UGU U
U, } U }G U G } {H
U G U U } U} x J U }G
U x U G , } {H
}G } GUGU x J v }GUH U G
} GU U , }} } } U }G U}
68
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
G SS
U U G H G H G
v UU } U } , }
{ ( G U) J
G H
U SHS U G GU U U ,
H U }G U G U U U H U
U HG} U} x J U }} } zG v
U GUH , zG }G U H
G G J
}xG } zG }G U G U GG G U
Hx J
G GUH
G } G { | Gv}
GH J H U } H S} U
G} }
GHG U S S
69
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
G SS
wGG M U G H U S H J
}xG U x U GGU U - J G
} H { U UH U U U } H U
x G { U GUH U U} U
H }GU J x { }SG U xGG U
U } } }H U !
}SU U GU
} } SH} | ! G } }-GGg
}wGG Gv} J }SU U H H !
UUG } }SU U
U --U U v U ! U U U ,
SG H } U }SH} } }HGU , U }
GGU }SU U, G U H
} U Hx U } U
HU G, U M}H UH U H
70
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
G SS
U U G H G H G
} vG U }SU U vG
} J U Hx } SH} - U vG }}
} GGU J } |H |H U U
S}H U Gy} U HG }
U H
U} GU} } }SU
G GU} J U } UU U G }
}G U vHGU J } U S
U GH G J } }SU U
S}H MG U G } } GUGU x J }
v U x G x Hx, }
} }G U, U
x J } G G GH
UU} }} U --U }SU
U J } v U }SU G
x J
71
}G U GU}
G SS
} M U G H G H G
GU SGGGU
| J
GU GGUG U H
} } SH} | ! }SU } }
GU J } }-Gg U} G
U GG U } J GG }H GH, }UH
U, GHH }G, wG
GG
GG
GG GH G
U GU} GH , }SU GU
GGUG G, U x U U
}H , xG} , G G, } LS
G} , GvGH G, U } GGU
, G } }GG J
(
}SU U } GG }-U
(1) U }
}U } GH
H }SU U J
(2)
U }

72
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
G SS
G U } U
J
}SU U J
(3) } }SU
U HG} UG H UU } U U U H
GH U G U H J
} U H U G H
G U U , G GU x} }
U G } } H G }G G
GUS} U } } } UH J U H } } G
}SU }H U HG U U U } U
U J GG U }G U U J
U vG
} U GGUGU U }GGU 80 GU }G
} U G J G}} U
GU U GH U }G } GG GG U
73
}G U GU}
G SS
GG U G GU U
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
} U } } GG GG U }G
U J ! }SU U } H H
J UU} GU U :- (1) U U
S}H U H } } U }
{H | } UU
} J (2) U
G U GU
}UH (3) U S}H }G S
S x G }G U
} GH
(GAP)
} xGG U
G U, G } x
} U H
G U GG GG U }G | } H
J G U}G U G GU }
{ J
v U }SU U ?
U U H } GH U }
74
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
10
G SS
U U UG U U } H G J
}SU S}H U }x }
G ! } |H |H SH} | ! } }SU
U U GU J } (x }
U H } U U {
GG H U }GGU }SU S}H U , }
Hx v }SU }H U G U U
H G J U U } }SU U S}
}SU U J
}SU U U 14 GMGU U
S }SU U 14 }- UH
(1)
}SU U } xH xH U
J (2) }SU U H G H}
G J (3) U } U wG
}G U } GH (GAP) U G J (4) }SU
75
}G U GU}
G SS
11
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
G wG U U xH } |x U }
U H J (5) U G U U vG
U U} U } G GU J (6)
U G } }SU U (7) | }SU U U}
G U} U
(8)
{ H
(9)
}SU
{ } GG H U xH U
U xH x
(10)
H {
GGU U U U GGU U U U
{ GGU U GGU }SU U (11)
H U }SU U H G (12) }n { U
U U
(13)
}SU G U
GUH H
}vU vG U
} } J (}wGG G GU -G, . 1, . 223, G GU)
76
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
(14) }S}H
12
G SS
UG U G U } U G }
( S}H ) }SU U G
GUH S}H UU } U
H , U x GG
zG U } } H J(zGH }H}
U H G, GS 2, . 17 18 U }G-HG GU}
H J)
{ U Gv}
G } H { U Gv}
}H-GG J }wGHGU G } H }
}wGHGU U} G } Hx x
{ }G } }H
U :- (1) U x} (2) G (3) xG}
(4)
UU U }
(5)
U x H
xG J } { xH U G
77
}G U GU}
G SS
13
GU SGGGU
U } GU G H GH U H U
GUG H GUG G G J
(RAYS )
UH U U GGU }
M GU G} }-G<U U G U
GU } } } } } GS
J
UH U U Gv}
H { H } U
UH U GG } } U }
U }-GGg }G U G U J U GG H
}HU } G xGG U G } }
} HG U U J G } }SU
UH U GG } U GU J x
} U GU U }G U GG
:- (1) G U U GH} } } U U |
}H
(2)
} U U U U
78
(3)
} U
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
J
GU
14
G SS
U U G H GH G
(MONILIASIS) (4)
} } UU U }
H xG J G G UH U xGxG U
| J U xx U H U
(TONSIL) G xH U }G G
U xH
U U }GGUG J
U } H U Gv}
UUG U U }, {
x xG U } 80 GU LyG
U -- G - GU
G J GU} U U H H
U U } G J U }yG } U
H U G vG xH } U J GU
x wG U} U H } J U U
U G
(MICROSCOPIC) G
J G }
xG }- G H M U GG
79
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U U H J
G SS
15
H
U G G U
GH H } U HU U J G xG
}- M U G} } U GU G G} |
x G } LYSOZUIM U , U U GG U
INFECTION
}GGUG J
G U H
U } G S} U } H
U U GU U U} U H
GU U U M xG }- M U UUx U
vG
}} G U --U U U
} }G }GGUG J } GH
U U GwG} U }G U H U U xGSH (
G U GG U } G) G }GU J
{ U Gv}
UH GUG } { xG U Hx G
J }wGHGU U} }g xG }H UH U
vH } xG } J x
80
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
16
G SS
G G G U G GU U U
{ U }G J U
v U }GUH H U } , ,
GG (EYE, WATER, HEALTH) }
G U } U {
} GGU } Gx J
{ } UH UH U} UH J
} GS GG }
GUGU U GG U
CREAM LOTION xG
x G
J U
wG U H U U { HG} J
}U UH GU U U }}
v wG UGU U U , }} U
U GUS} U U} H U G G
U {H U U } }GGUG J
}G-U-} }GH U } U U , U
H U H U { J
81
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GGU J
G SS
17
G G U G U H U
! GUUG U GG }}U J
G } { U } , wG U
U GGU , }H UH | U GS
H J U
{ GzGGUG
} } SH} | ! } U U }G
U GGU H } U yG SH
SH U} Gy} }G S
S { J G H U }GGU x |
U vG GU vG U GGUU }G
GzGGUG GH U J
G U H }
{ GG U | J G
G }U , v GU
H U , } { G } }
J G U H U G }G J
82
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
18
G SS
wGG M U G H U S H J
GHH (U U U --U) U GG
J }G G } U U x U
n, xH xH U }G GGUG J
U { U Gv}
U 3 G x U GHGU H
G (DIRECT) H, x }x S} U
GS G}} U x U Hx
}-GGg }xG }G U J
G } U } { H, x }xG
U vG GG
}G }GGUG x J }G U U } {
U GG S U
GHGU GU} U } U U
vH wG U H J G}H U G-GH
UHG }G GGU J
83
19
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
G SS
U U G H G H G
}SG U Gv}
x U } GHH
x GUG U GHGU G U a G} }xGG
S} U }} G J G U H x U
}SG U U GG GU UH U x }
GG G U a S} U }}
G} } UH G} U
GH J
xH U v
U G U , } G } U x G U
J U wG G G xG } J }
GUx } , U U U -G
? } , } US }} J , US
} U xH G ? G xG H } U
}x } U , x J , | } v U ?
84
}G U GU}
20
G SS
} M U G H G H
G U SG G GU
G | J
} U, G J U Hx, v G U ? } U,
U vG J G G H } MENTAL
HOSPITAL
} xH U S U GGUGU
} }xGH } GGUGU U }xG }

xH G U} U } }xG vG
FLUID
(}G) U FLOAT ( ) U J
H } |xG U }xG U U x
U RIGID (wG) U U J }xG
U x
CONDUCTOR
(}H) U }
x U S} U J x H G
x U U GU x
(CONDUCTOR) } GU U GG G
| U U }xG U}
U G xH HG }
U x U U } GM U
| } U } { U x U |
U U J GUG Hx xH U J
85
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
21
G SS
G U } U
J
}G U }SG U H Hx x G G
| J
{ U Gv}
G {H H J H H
INFECTION
U xH U } GS MG
J G } { x xG }
} U xH U GHH UH
J HG G } U }GGU {
U U},}xG wG U, }
(DEPRESSION)
U }G J
86
}G U GU}
G SS
22
GU SGGGU
GG U G GU
U GUG H J
G U
G U } GU J H
} U }} v U U J
(1)
U H
} G, U LU wG H U
J (2) G GH GH
(3) x, } } U x} J
} , U H G U U
GUH MU G U }SG J

} } SH} | ! G U }GG
H UH GGUGU U GGU Hx U
G LG U U | zG }G- }
xG }GvGGUGU UGU }G
J U G} } GG U GGUGU
87
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
23
G SS
U U UG U U } H G J
U H } U } }
} GU }vU }- }SGGU
U H
GU} U J U }GGU
}x }

GU } H
}SGGU
vG
1425
H H
GU } } | H ( ) GU
H U J } GU H GG
U G GU
U }GUG LH GH} } GH}x H

} U } }GGU H U }G } U U
}GUG }H } GGU wG GU }SG
GG x ,
GU} GU x
GG LG }GU G GHGU
H GG }H H }zG }G}} } GH G}
G
U G }GUS GU GG GH}
88
}G U GU}
G SS
24
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
GH }SGGU G
}G }
UH} U U U }H-GG J
U yGG U x
G G} G U G x
GUU U U
x ! GU , } } } U
G-G} H G, G} S}, G} G-H},

} U U
G G G} | GU H x J
G U GvGH x G } S}
} U{ }U
U HU
} } SH} | !
89
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
G SS
25
UG U G U } U G }
U U }
GU
U G GU} J H GH U
} , G
U GG
G GH }
GH
GU} , }
x H } GG U, HH
} (U GU } ) } U
HH U } } H U S }
| U J , } U
x ( G) } H U
GGU
xH GU}
GGU
J U }
GU},
} U } U }
H } U x U G
U G H
U } x J
90
}G U GU}
26
G SS
} M U G H G H
G U SG G GU
G | J
H GG
GU} :
U { xH } }
v H GH U
U }G H U :
H } GU H
H U
}G vGGUH GU}
UzGGU }vU U }H} U U
} GU-HU ( xG)
U G} GH } U
x } H U G }G U
U G} } GG
GH U J GU}, v ? U Hx, x
U vG U U J
GU}, S} U GGU xH U
GGU GU} vG x J GU}, x
91
}G U GU}
27
G SS
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
! U, }G}}
} G
U J H --U GH 27, -H GU}

U H } GU} :--} UGH } : H
U } MG }
G} H J GU GU}
GU x x
U } U U
H J
, G U U H
x U GS U, } H
92
}G U GU}
G SS
28
wGG M U G H U S H J
GU SGGGU
GUUH
U H U
} } SH} | ! G U G GU
U G x x }x GG U H U U
GU G G } J GGUGU | GyG}
, H J H H
U GU} H Hx J
} G}H G GU U H GU
GUUG H
U GG U J HG
H G U U } H }H } G }
x x U H G U |U U GU
GH J GU } H U U | H
x U | U U
}Hx J }G-HG H U U } }
x J GG U }H H H U
U }Hx ? x } G}H H
93
U G
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
G | J
29
G SS
} M U G H G H
U U H Ux | }Hx G} U
GU | GH x J HG G G
U }GG G | } H
U G U
H U J
G G
GH SH} GG }} }G}} xGGH
GH GH} } GU} , G GUxG
U }G U GGU }- xG U U S} U
GS Hx U G G U G
UGx GH U H H U GH U
U x U U U xG H GH
} U } G U , H U G U
G U U wGHGU
G J G U GH U U G G
94
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
30
G SS
G U } U
J
}GM} H U }H wG U
U GU H U U G }vG}
U H U GS x xG U }x M
GS U GU U U U xx
HG G wG G} v} U
U U xGS Gx U }SGGU J
GGUGU U }G
} } SH} | ! ! } GU
U GGUGU U }G
} }vG
G
G J }
U U } U GGU
G U U H } }SU
}S-G-GU
J } H G U, G G
95
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
G SS
31
GG U G GU U
U, }x U H U GGUGU G }S x,
U GU GU GU G
GGU U
} }Hx J H U
} GH x J
G U G H
INTERNET
T.V
V.C.R
U M MU
G } x J
x GUG } U |H }G
U }GG } H U
H SH} U }- GUGUH } GU U
}}H H J SH} | U U } Gx
} U} G U} U U } 12 }, 12 } } 30
} 3 U U }- GUGUH }
GU U UMx J
96
}G U GU}
GUG
UGG
GU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
(G-GU)
xGSH U GGU
S SH }......
SG....
}SH UH U S..
}}} U GGU....
} xGSH....
} G U GG....
GU H......
97
}G U GU}
xGSH U GGU
G G GU G GU U U
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
xGSH U GGU (G-GU)

SH ( 40 S-GUG) }U}}H G H, GU }U
U U xG-HG U S} J
M GU U GUGH
SU }, SG GU, GU GU S, GUG
x, SG }
G G S
U G}
, } M U U US U U }
H G J1
SG
GG S xG
GU} ,
1
98
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
G J
xGSH U GGU
U U G H G H
H U
U , U } GH} x J
} U S vG xGSH UM J U SwG S U
zGS SS U } , | UGU GU
| v ! SG yG} S xGSH U H J }
GU zGS U SG U H GUS} U S
vG UG S} x U UG Gx |
U GU UMx J } S
U GUG H
zGS U SG J
U U} } H U S SU
(
} } SH} | ! ! } SHGU
zGS U H U U} U H US
US }S H J S S SH} | S GSH U
U GH} U S } G U GGUU } U |H
U }GG H S } U xGSH U }G-}H } SS U
U }G GU U }G GG U
99
}G U GUG
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
xGSH U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
U H ! U| xGSH GUG }G U vG
GU xGSH U H J GS U } , GU
S } GH S } S U

( S }G GH} U S } G
U S xGSH GUG x ) J
xGSH U GGU (G-GU)

xG G H H } S GG U U }
U GSH U U H xGSH U J H 2
U {, U S U x { wG S
, U S} x U S S U
U U }G U S G U }x {, x
U xG xGSH U | { H, U
H U GG G H, GSS S< } (S
S | Hx SU ) U 3 S{ U{ ,
U 3 U{ , U S }} 3
100
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
xGSH U GGU
U U G H G H G
, U xGSH U x S Hx , x G U }
{ { H J } GUH LG ,
}} U U }H U J S x U
US U G G x }}U } S~
(GU S H U 2 S}) US } UG S H,
} UG GS GM 2 3 UG H H v
U U UG x S U x
xG U x G x J G U
| G GG U G J xGSH US GUS}
U xzG-x } U, U G | G, U
H xG S } G J U GU
UG H J x }vM vG vG zGH
U }SG J
(G}} U GUvG G-GU)
xGSH U 3 GUG
(1)
UH U
U } G
(2)
G J
101
(3)
}}
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
| J
xGSH U GGU
} M U G H G H G
(1) UH
} } G S H U U U H U }
UH U } U G, x, S GGU U G U
x J
S GG G U xH U }, U GU
G G U U U GGU U U U
J
G xG-xG |
U H U S J } H U U
xG U G GM J x G } G
( vGS) U }GGU J (GU -GG, .
1,
S.
441 ,
G GU H)
xGSH S GUH } xG
}GSS x }G | G H U }H}
G U GUG J H }G G
102
}G U GU}
xGSH U GGU
G U } U
J
GU SGGGU
x J (}wGG G GU -GG, . 1 , S. 206) H

}SH S } x S { x }SH U
}GGU J (GU -GG, . 2, S. 453)
S GG U U UH xGSH U H GUG S GG U 3
UH G U H S J
(2)
U } G
U U U Hx H S U}
Hx U U } x SwG a U MG U
{H HG} J
SUx U
U S U J GH U H
| x {H S xGSH x J U U
x S x S U G GUG J
G U U H U { | GUG J
( G, GSS : 2 , S. 34 , }-H }< H GU)
103
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
(3)
xGSH U GGU
GG U G GU U
}} G
S U H S H U U U S} U G
x GM , S} U G
x S U x GG U S x
xGSH x J
U vUS GMGU
U S S } G U H
xGSH U 21 GG
(1)
x } U S U H x{ H U
G S U U GUG (2) G SGU G

U H GM H GM J x
SwG x{ U H G x H GM
J
(3) x U
} H U } U
(SG) S } GUG J
G } SGU U U U } xGSH } x U
U } } (4) |, }
104
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
xGSH U GGU
U U UG U U } H G J
G U H U G S U U U U H
U { GM (5) U U G S U SG U }
{ (6) U U U H U (7) G
xH U G U } xG {Hx
(8)
GG U xGH { (9) G U H { (10) U

G { (11) U U { (12) GU } |
H x } U GU } xH H U {
(13) S}
U x G S U U { (14) G
(GU U GSS) U G { (15) U
H U G | (16)
S U }H U x U GH , GSS G U
(17) U xH
(18)
H U U
(19) GU --S- (GUG) U H SyGG

G U (20) --S- U U x G U {
(21)
S U G , x H G SU
G U { H U G J
(}HwGGS G : G, GSS : 2, S. 34 )
105
}G U GU}
xGSH U GGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
}S U H 6 GG
(1) U
S U U (2) S
U G U HU { (3) GU G ( G U
}x U U GSS) U x vG wG
GG S {
(4)
GU GH ( }x U M
GSS) } xH H U { GUG }SG (5) x GG
GUS S GUxG U xGSH U US UG S GU

GH U S wG U S SGU U H }SG (
G, GSS : 2 , S. 35) (6)
x H H G Hx
S U | G GUG xGSH x, } U
x } G J
GwG} U ^
GwG} ^ xG { S H } vGS
G ^ }SG U H UGU G US x
}G U S vGS S
106
}G U GU}
xGSH U GGU
10
UG U G U } U G }
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
GG }SG U H J ^ GM S G x U
}SG UGU x J x GM S
G x xG ^ { }}U }-SH G
GwG} }x ^ G U xH } { S U S
G U GSS | ^ U , x
H }}U H U S GSS U { GUG J x
}}U H }}U }x U S {
SUx GwG} xG U vGS U
S ^ }SG U H UGU J U GSS
| { S }GGU x J
xGSH GUG U 5 S
(1)
} U x S U S U
GG S UH
(2)
} U UH
GH} S }
(3)
}x } GGU
(S) GH wG , GH
107
}G U GU}
11
xGSH U GGU
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
, xGSH GUG
(4)
GG
S GUxG (G, S. 97) (5) GUS (

wG S) S GUxG J
vS G } } U U
G HS40 U HG} G U
UH xGHG J U} ! GUS U GM GG
G H :-
GUS U GM GG
U wG S U GUS
U S U G S G }g HS40
x HS40 U | }G J HG
HS40 xGSH U H HS40 S
H wG U H U U }
} S vG | xGSH U H }G
G MG x J x HS40 U
108
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
J
xGSH U GGU
12
U U G H GH G
wG x MG H S Gy} wG U S
GUS U } x J }-SH H U }
U wG U x G xGSH U U }G
xG U , HS40 } GUGU 2 } GU
U U wG x S H }U}}H HS
GUS U x J | }G G G S U
x, U U x S GUG }G G
GUG U | U S U J
-G, . 4 , S. 354
356,
(}wGG G GU
G GU H)
5 GM GU}
1
} U S x S U
H S x GUGH G U U H
G Hx U S } G xGSH GUG J G
GH x J
109
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U U H J
xGSH U GGU
13
H
U G G U
x } H G x U vG S
H S U GUG UH xGSH GUG
G x J
( G, GSS : 2, S.
38,
}v -G)
x GH} }x S U U S UG
xG xGSH GUG J
}G } } }H} }x
UH S GUH }G U H G
}G x }x xGSH GUG x J
S }g G U S xGSH GUG J
x U U} J GS U } S U H U
}G U x J
S U
S } U}G x U
H G } U HGU J
110
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
14
xGSH U GGU
G G G U G GU U U
} G U GG
SU H GG, }} H S }H
G} G G
U G} } GG U x,
U wGS }HGU (} G U H) S GUH S

} , S U S} , G GU}, S
U v G x S U v G G S S S
U G ?
H GG : xx , GS , S U S
}U U , GUSGU , G } S U ( }
G U H U) H x| ( G}H) x S
S }}G G} } U LS x x U ,
H
}GGU GU} S , GG
GU} S J S U HGH GU U US
U G S G--U U GGU H GU H
S }- G
U HGH G J }G x
111
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GGU J
15
xGSH U GGU
G G U G U H U
U U J }G SG U H xG S wGHS
GU U J
(-- G
G SGUG 16 SG S wGHS
x G x G }G HU U U U U S S
x U U SU U U G U J)2
} xGSH U GGU
x }-SH }
G S } LU S {, G S
S x J S U | GM U G U 3
G--U J x H xG }
G U G--U x H S SHS
3 { U S x J S } (
H GU U ) G } G U Gv}
} J } G U G S } GG U
1.GU -GG GU, 22, S. 244
2. HGU U L vGS U zGSH }H} U H Sx }
U
SGU 18 SGUG U SH } S U U G H J)
112
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
xGSH U GGU
16
wGG M U G H U S H J
} G--U 3 { U GU}
}GU} J
G xGSH U }}
S } UH U U } G x J
GU U Gv} }
GU H S (xG }yGG) } , GU ( H)
U xGSH U } xGSH U U Gv} } HG
S U xGSH U G xGSH U vG U }g U
SHS U S x }wG }
, x , G GG } G xGSH U
U vG U }g U S S U J
xGSH G } UH U U
} G J
GU U GG
x U G}}} } GU ( SHOWER) S
113
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
xGSH U GGU
17
U U G H GH G
GG H U S U GGU } U U x }
} GUH GU U GGU J S G
} | S GG GG GU} J GUH U GGU }
U } U
45
- U G U
J HG GG | GM U 45 x U G
U J S }SH S vS Hx GUGU J
W.C.
U LG LS U
} GU} U xG U H. S (W.C.)
GU U LG U US H U GG }H} U
U H x xGHG S U SHG GU} H
U U G S GG} G U GGUU
}S S GGUG U S SU J
G GG S } U
W.C.
GUH S 90 U
- }G G } SH} U U LG U J
}} G}} } SH wG S U HGG
U GUH U U J }S} U }U
U xG U G U GGUGU
114
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
18
xGSH U GGU
GG U G GU U
G J
U U U} H G H
| |S U Gx U
U U xGSH U S
}G, GH GU~G, GU G , G-GU U ( 9
GH GH G}) G} { vG S J
U U xGSH U }SG
(1)
GUGU G-GU (2) GUGU }GHGU
G} (4) GG SU G}
(6)
wGH }
(7)
(3)
GG
(5)
GGU
} UU } U H
(8) (9) GU (10) G-GU U (11) }HS
}H GU (12) x }HS G U H (13) } H

115
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
19
xGSH U GGU
U U UG U U } H G J
U (14) } U U (15) xG S GUGU

U (16) U (17) x S U
(18)
(20)
UG U H (19) SGU S H U H
SGG U wG U (21) }G USGU
GSGU (22) }GG SSGU U H (23) GGU U

SwG { U H (24) S Hx }H}
U US x Hx J
( G, GSS : 2, S.
41)
U xGSH } }wGHGU
S xGSH }-SH GH} | , G
| }G U |, U U U U
xGSH U H, S x S U S }Hx J
} xGSH
Hx U S} S~ H U G} J (GU
-G, . 3, S. 306 )
xG } | }
116
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
20
xGSH U GGU
U U G H G H G
H U }G } H H U }
S U | xG U x G J
x HS H U GGU G U US ?
HS x G S H SGH
S} xG } x } UG } UG
S GG U U S~ U US U}H GG }-SH
U }U}}H xH U (|) G S S
} S (}wG) GG U GGU S U G U U G
J Gv} x HS H U S~ U | GG
U}H U GGU G U U J
x vG wG GG
G}}} } x S } U
U S U U S xG U x G SU
117
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
| J
21
xGSH U GGU
} M U G H GH G
S S } GUH U GGU } } U J
xGSH S GH ?
GU} } xG x} SGG
U S S } }G G x x }G
x UH U, U } G x S
J S U GSS |x U H
xGSH x J SGG S { H xGSH
U GM J
( G, GSS : 2, S.
36,
}-H }< H GU)
S vG GG
x U GG xGSH U GG S
(STOOL)
xG H U } J
G xGSH } S}H U U }x | GU J
118
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
20
xGSH U GGU
G U } U
J
H U x
H } x xGSH } S H U
GM J
( G, GSS : 2, S.
36,
}-H }< H GU)
GU }GUgS U S GMGU
U S S U U GH }
GU U G U 10
1
S xGSH GUG S U }S } , GGU

U, GU U , G G, US
U H, U G H ( S
S } G} S } UxGG U ,
x UxGG U H G ) (xG
}yGG, GU H S) S G , S x
S GMGU }GU
GG
H G} J
(}}
119
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
21
xGSH U GGU
GG U G GU U
} H
HSU } H U UG }G xG }
SH G U } }G-GU J)
2
x GU U G } G xGSH
G Hx } G J
S GG US S UG L}H xG S GU
U UG G G GU
U U J
U U S, ^ U H S U U
U U U S U U{ U S U
S GU U U G} U S G S
U G J
GSS : 2, S.
(
42,
, G,
}-H }< H GU)
GU U U G U S U
120
}G U GU}
22
xGSH U GGU
U U UG U U } H G J
GU SGGGU
U H }-SH
RU U
US }S} U }
US GUS} U vGS U G
S U S S-H GUG -H
US S-H G U G G
S S } GU G U
U G J
6
GUH H HzGG GUH S G SU

J HzGG G U H U S S U S |
G SU v U S S } U GU
}-G , U U wGH J
( G, GSS : 2, S.
43,
}-H }< H GU)
G U G U GU US U
G} J xG G U G } }GGU J (
43,
, G, GSS : 2 , S.
}-H }< H GU)
S U S GU H
121
}G U GU}
23
xGSH U GGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
G xGSH U S U G} J
(GU -G, . 1, S.
9
39)
S U S}H S U H }vM J GS
GU S } xG H U } G
J
10
( G, GSS : 2, S.
43)
GU U U } GUS US S
G } S U | G } GU U
U S Gv} J
G U
G S xGSH GUG U GUvG,
zGS GS U U U }vM G J
x U US UG S x
S U G }G-GU J }x GU
S U } U } | G} J
( G, GSS : 2, S.
122
43,
}-H }< H GU)
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
24
xGSH U GGU
UG U G U } U G }
G SH} U G H U wG
SH H | GG GU} U U G}} }
} }H J
U U GH } M GU G
1
xGSH GUG U M GU G
G } G J }x U G UH
U U G J
( G, . 2, S. 43 )
G U U G J
xH } INK U } ?
U H U G } , H H U G }
S U }, G} Hx U H }v, } U Hx
x xG S H x J
}H} U U
S x U { GM H }GG G x J
123
25
}G U GU}
xGSH U GGU
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
U HxG
HGU U 12 S 15 SH U G} U
HGU U 9 S 15 SH U G} U H
GH} HxG x J GU} G U
G x J HG GH} U GG HxG U
S } xGSH GUG x J x U GH} HxG
U x 2 S U GS S 15 SH
U G} U x HxG } x J
U U
1
GU U S U U U zGS
U GS U GUvG U x SH} U J
U U S G U U GUH} | }
U S SGU } U S | U
G J
124
}G U GU}
26
xGSH U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
GU SGGGU
GU } G {
1
}SH U GU } G {, S
S wG G US | G
} G (S U U} U } xG) G
U S}H }G J
G U GMGU U U J
(}G zGSH }H} U H GUG
S U GUG S}H SGUG 113 S SGUG
123
U }G-HG GU} H J)
}SH U U } G}} U} U } U SH
U S U UH U J
}SH UH GU U S
S }SH UH GU x} GG
125
27
}G U GU}
GU SGG GU
| J
xGSH U GGU
} M U G H G H G
U }G } S}H U S }GUgS
G U }U HG }G } S
}SH U S}H U }S J (GU H S)
SS U U S
xGSH G } U S SS J GG
S GH }xGzGGUH
SH U}, GUG}
S U
S S }G GU}
U U wGS xGSH G } U GU}, U

G}} S S SS J
}}} U
}}} U GUG
}}} } 3 GUG (1) (2) S }
126
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
28
xGSH U GGU
G U } U
J
U, (3) U S} 2 U }SG U J
( G, GSS : 2, S.
65,
}-H }< H GU)
}}} S H U S GMGU U
S S }}} U 10 S
(1)
S}H GU U
(2)
U G}
} (3) G} } U H ( x G
H) (4) xH H
(5)
U G
H U U x U G U S U x U
G } }x GG U H U G
(6) H } U U }SG U (7) 2 U }SG
(8) H S{ U U }SG U (9)
G U GHH U (10) xH U GHH U U
xG x J x xG }-SH xG
US S G } S xG GHH
127
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
29
xGSH U GGU
GG U G GU U
GUG GHH H G} } GM J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 67 , }-H }< H GU)
}}} U GGU (G-GU)

}}} U U ( H U U } ,
G S | U H J }-SH U G xGSH
S U GSH U }G G U H }}}
U ) S}H G U U xH U U U
US S U G G} U GUS} (}-SH , ,
, , }^ xG) S } U H H ( x
G H) J x G x Hx G
H S S S } U S GG }SG U U U GSS
x H | U x x }}}
x J U S S GG G} } U 2
U G S H U U S} }SG U, S U
GGU U U x U GH 4 xH U
128
}G U GU}
30
xGSH U GGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
S{ U xH U S S U U
H U S U H S S{ U
U }S U x^ U H x U S S{
x U U }SG U J S GG S{ S
U }SG U J
x U } H xH S }SG U
H | }}} x U S xH U GGU H
xH S U U GGU H x }x S U GHGU J
}}} } S U }SG J
(G}} U GUvG)
} H GG U S GU
U S GMGU U S S
}}} U 25 }- UH
1
G x S H U H }
G} U S ( GUS}) S S S
}}} G J , , S}, x{U, , G
129
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
31
xGSH U GGU
G G GU G GU U U
, GUG, GGUGU, xG S }}} G

xG J
2
vU , }^ U S }}} G J
x US S G U } ( S}
) S G} S }-SH U U }
}}} G J
3
S }^, xG S }}} U S U
U GM S US S U
S U SGU GU S S U S
J
G},
x G} G x U
U { S S S U S
Gy} U S }G G }x
S S }}} SU J
4
U U U| S x GUGH S U
130
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
32
xGSH U GGU
U U G H G H G
J
x U HUG, UG, xG x
U } xH U
}}} G J
, }^ U wG U }S
U S S }}} G J }x S H ,
HSU } GU H xG U
S G S G} U GH ,
}H U G J
S U G U G
GU G xGSH U x }}} U J
S } U G xGSH S S U G
} U SGG G
U | G xGSH U } G x
U U }S} GUH G G G
GUSGU U U vGS Ux J
S } }}} U SU J
131
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
33
xGSH U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
x S S } vGS U xH S
S U }SG U J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 60, }-H }< H GU)
10
GGU U U }H U U
| }}} U SU J
11
x G}G} GU S G U H
UGU }}} G J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 61, }-H }< H GU)
12
S U S } } U
GU U S S U U
S} | }}} G J
13
GU U GUG H G U }}} U U
}G G H } G U x }
GUG H }G | G S G
} G U J
132
(G)
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
14
34
U U G H G H G
x x} U H U } GUGUH G
S xG x ( x) }}} G
J
15
xGSH U GGU
(G)
}S } S U xGSH GUG x
GU }}} U H GG ( GG U
G GU) J (}wGG G GU -G, . 3, S.
492,
G GU H)
U G} J
16
U UH G
vG x x U G xGSH Ux }G
GUG x }}} U U }G G H U G
xGSH U U }G U G U HG} J
(GU -G, . 3, S.
17
307)
G GG GUS S U x GU
}}} U J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 64, }-H }< H GU)
18
x U S x }H
}}} U H U }^ S U vG }G
} }G U S S }} G-U }G
133
}G U GU}
GU SGG GU
| J
35
xGSH U GGU
} M U G H G H G
H }G H J ( G, GSS : 2, S. 65)
}x U }^ GU G
}}} U U }G G x J
19
G xGSH U }}} U U GGU J

(G, S.
20
65)
S xGSH GUG S U H GM U G
xGSH 2 U H 2 }}} U U 2
} U U H 2 x x SGU
xGSH G U U | UGU J
21
G S G xGSH GUG
S }}} | GU
S | }}} J
22
G x U } UH xG UH H
UH U x }SG SUx J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 66)
134
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
23
36
xGSH U GGU
G U } U
J
U GSS G } U GH
} S }SG GM x }
U vG US U G S H U
U GSS }SG S x }}} x J
S GG G S U H | x J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 66)
24
x, G xG U U
U GUG J
SH}
| G xG U U }SG U J
}}} U GG G S G U J
25
} S G }}} U SU
U S U S } }}} U H U
U , S U }}} U
S U U x J
}- } : G U GU} S U H } SH
135
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
37
xGSH U GGU
GG U G GU U
G U GGU }G U GU} S U H SH
}G U GGU U }G-HG }GU J
}SGGU !
} xGSH U }SH G,
S} S U S} S U }GGU xGSH U
U GUGU GG GU} J
GH xG} }
GUG }xGGU
19 -H } 1426 .
SH G U S U
xG} U vG, }G, S
S GUG } U H U | SH
U }}H , wG GU U GG
SH U U U U {} }.
136
GU SGGGU
U
GyGGGUU
}G

USS
11
41
}G U GU}
U U UG U U } H G J
GUG G
(((G G U vG)))
S SH }......
GU } UG Gx
} }GUSH, } }}H, UH}
G U U GGU
}H SxGGU U
U U}
3 UG 24 H U U}
G U H x
GU H......
137
}G U GU}
GUG G
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
GUG G
H H G G J GU }U
U U U xG-HG } J
M GU U GUGH
U }, G GU, GU GU , GUG
x G }G
G
U G}
, GU U G, GH U G} U
M GU G G
}xGGU GH U |H U x H U
H J
1.
138
}G U GU}
GUG G
UG U G U } U G }
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
G U GMGU U S
G U GUGH }}H 4
(1)
GU } UG Gx
} U
U GU} G x
, U GG G H U }
wG } HG }x, GU } U S} }
UG Gx J
(
(2)
} U x}
G } G H}, } S}, }
U GU} }GGG} , } } x,
} } U x} U GU }U U J ,
H ! U U G ? GG U,
U }} U }GG }} U H J
139
}G U GU}
GUG G
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
(3) xG x }GGU
G }
U GU} GU
, }G U G } U
U U x H }GGU x
} U U H U 5 }G }
}} U U x H }GGU U x J
(4) }H | SxGGU U
}GUH , G H U H U G }xGGU
U G U U U } }H | J }GG
vG G U GU |
GUxG GU GU} U U H }xGGU
U G U J }GG U GH } }
GG GU }GG GG U wG
J GU U wG x | }} ( }GGUG)
140
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
J
GUG G
U U G H GH G
(}HwGG G zG GU HH xGGH }},
. 21 , } GH H H)
G U U GUGH
} U
U GU},
G ! } HH U G GU} U
GG U } | U U H
} H
UH} U H U H U Hx U G
- H GU}x U G x }x J
G U GG U, G U H }Z
U H v ? GU}, }Z U H x J
3 UG 24 H U U}
} } SH} | ! H
U G}
GU ! } H U U}, - G
x wG U GU GU} J }x
141
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U U H J
5
H
GUG G
U G G U
zG ! U | } xGzGH U U
J U G }U } G U GUGH
U zGSH }H-GG GU} J
2 UH} GG
G } 15 UH} J x U SH} U G
U }GG U SH} |
U 15 H U }Hx J
15
- H x 15 G x }GGU x J SH}
| U H x J GU U G } 2 }
GU U G } 17 UH} x
GU U G U } 17 H U, 17 G -
U H 17 G x U }GGU }H SH}
| U H x J GU} } 2 }
GU} } | 17 UH} GU} U U

| GU U G U J H GH x
142
}G U GU}
GUG G
G G GU G GU U U
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
U SH} }} U G }G
U G GU} U } U}
G U UG H U }Hx,
U H G - H x U H
G x }GGU x SH} | U x
3 UG 24 H U }Hx, 3 H 24 G
- H x 3 H 24 G x }GGU x J
G U H x
GG
GU} U
U G U G U G U G}H ,
GU x HH
G U}
U }x } GU} : v } }H} U
H GH } GH U J Hx
}-G v U G U U G G}H J
U G
U x U
U U U G G}H } ,
143
}G U GU}
GUG G
G G U G U H U
GU SGGGU
GGU J
: U G G G}H } }H}
, GU U , | G
GM J
U G} U GU } }xGUG J
x- x U G v x H
}x GGU GzG U G }
G GU} U U GGU
}GG G U U G U UH}
U U J
2 }H U (xG v U
U G U ) U UH} J 2 U v
U ( ) v U }vG U
H H, v U }vM G
U G }SG J
H U
144
}G U GU}
GUG G
wGG M U G H U S H J
GU SGGGU
U }GG G
U U v U
G} vG
U J GG x
UH} U J } G G H
U U :} : M
HH
U U : HH ! }
U U J
(G)
x U G Hx H G }
U : H
! }
U GU } zGG GG GU} J
(G)
U U }
} H x
U } ( )
145

(G)
}G U GU}
GUG G
U U G H G H G
GU S GG G U
J
U U U ( }GG U
| U HGH |) U }G | }H H :} : H
, J
U } U,
} : UU
GGU U J
(G, . 83)
GU} U }SG J U | GG
GUGU U
U } U,
} : H
U GU}
U S} G} J
146
}G U GU}
GU SGG GU
| J
10
GUG G
} M U G H GH G
SGU SHH U 14 GMGU

U S G U 14 }- UH
1
GUG }G } }G | }H }G
H U }S } vG U U
H G }vU U Gv} }SH
U x G U x U }}
Hx xx x J
x U wG U } }G G
U }S U G U H UGU }x G
U H }SG J
(G, . 62)
x U wG U x, xG xG
} x GU x U G
UGU U | G U H GU
UGU J GU U G U U
G U G
J
147
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
11
GUG G
G U } U
J
}GU G GU} U GU}

U }vM x GU GU} U H
U }x U G | U H J
U x } } J
vG MG U G U x vG
H U vG H MG U
G vG x J 2 } G U J
}GG G U U
vG G}H GU U J U U
}GG G vG H G MG U
J }} G G} U G} } |
}- U | }SH G J
148
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
12
GUG G
GG U G GU U
G }G G UG }
U H G GU} U }vM J
G U }G }G U G J
} | G U J
G U G GG }x G U G U
}vM J
(
10
/GU -G wG , . 5 , . 373 )
wG, GUGU x GH} , H, xH,

xGSH } U G }vM J
U G U G U J
11
x }GG }} | J
149
}G U GU}
U U UG U U } H G J
GU SGGGU
12
GUG G
13
}S U GUH M G U, U } xH
H U H G G U }x GGU
G G H U }vM J
13
{ GGU } U U U
GGU } U U, x G }G UU H }H U U } U J U GUGUG } U
U J
}GG
GU U
U G H , GGU
xGHG J LS G U H GG
U H U HzGG
U U
J
14
GU U G }
U }SG J
x U
150
}G U GU}
14
GUG G
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
| G x J
(GU G, . 77)
G HH U GLGU U
S G U 9 }- UH
1
G }G U GH x G U |
x }-H vG U G J
}vG U wGy. U G U xG
GG ( GG GU) J
x G ( GyG U }) G,
x H U, G HzGGUG SH U
G J }} GG x G |
G G U H G J
(GU G, . 8, . 301, 330)
G H U H G U U Gv}
J
( }G GH}
U xGSH U G ) | G U J
151
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
15
GUG G
UG U G U } U G }
H
GG GU H G, GyG H,
}G G G H, }G } }xGH GUG
G } J
4
G U H H} UH}
H} }} U} }GUGU U
U U H |, G U xG
GU} } | GG U J
G U H, U, xGG, U
G , H, } xzGx U xG U }GUGU U } J
G U vG } }xGH U
G} U GGU J
( G, GS : 3, . 36 }-H }< H GU)
S H U G U G
152
}G U GU}
16
GUG G
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
U G
J
8
x G H U
U U J
x vG G x G
xG H J
}SGGU U GMGU U
S GU} U 7 }- UH
} 1 : GU} }S } }} U G G U U
x G }GUG }H { GGU
} J
(}HwGG G : GU -G, . 5, S. 372)
} 2 : GU} G | G U J
153
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG G
17
wGG M U G H U S H J
} 3 : GU} U }SG J
} 4 : GU} U UH} U } }
v U J
} 5 : GU} } |
} U J
} 6 : GU} U GGU G U G
H U G U U x xG
G U }GG ( G
) U x }vM J
} 7 : GU} U vG U wG G U
G U }vM U GG
Hx }S } } | vG
G }U
Gv} }}
U H J
(G, S. 55)
154
}G U GU}
GU SGG GU
| J
GUG G
18
} M U G H G H G
} xGS G} U x GMGU U
S G U 11 }SG }GUG
(1)
(2) }xG}}
(3)
}x H
(4)
xGG U
}G } (5) }G U U } (6) HG
U g U vG (7) Gx (x Hx) U vG (8) }
zG U U (9) U U U vG ( U
) (10) xH } S |H U
H vG J G (11) U G} } | G
}SG J
}S } G GHGU
UH v }S U G U
G x U GHGU J GH}x xG
} G G }S } U }S } G
155
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U J
GUG G
19
G U } U
J
} GU H GG, }} H
, H }, G}H --U, G}H },

}G H, }g }H, G} ,
}G G, GH} G, GGU,
G G
--U, GG GH} }H G H GGUG H
GU}
GU }} G} G G
U | U GG vG
}S U G H J (GU -G wG , . 5,
S. 214) H GG
}G GU} , }S
} G }S H U xSG -
J (G, S. 411 ) G }S U J
x G }S G H UHGU
}GGU J (G, S. 408) }G U G
UH (GyG GUH) }S } GG U }} U } }S
U | GHGU , }G U G
156
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
GUG G
20
GG U G GU U
| }S U }x }GG GG U }
J
U U}
H GG
GU} , G
G-H} U G GUG } }}
}}U U H Gv} G} , U }} U
U U} G U} } }
(G }G U G }S U U)
U G U 100 100 U H J (GU

-G wG , . 5, S. 403)
HH
GU} , GU }} U vG } U }GG }
100 U }H J GU G }
U
}SH U zGSH U H
GU -G, . 5 H G H GU} (}yGG

G GU) U }G-HG GU} J
157
}G U GU}
21
GUG G
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
G H M U G
G GU} GUH
G U M
H} U 4 xG G H J
U M H} G } GUSH ( x) U
U H H U, G U G} U
xzG-x U}U U U G U
U U} J U G J
M H} GU} U } H U,
UGU U U H, }H GU
158
}G U GU}
22
GUG G
G G GU G GU U U
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
U J G GU} GUH S}
M H} U }wG xG U }- GU
} U U GG } H | U
U } GUSH ( x ) U } GU
-G U GUG U J U SzG U
} }} H
GU} , M
GU GUH GU} G } G }x GU} GUSH

( GUH HG-x) M GU U G,
G GU} (}-H M GU U G
GU} U S U S) U }G G} U
M GU G GU} ( GU} U GS) }H}

J
(GU -G w , . 5, S. 386)
S : U }
U G G
G-HGU
} G H M GU
G HG U G x
J (
)
159
}G U GU}
GUG G
23
U U G H G H G
G U SG G GU
J
S : x GUG SH} U H U
U} } U G
x U GU G} G} } } x J
} }H } GUGUG 12 }H U U U}
}U } U
J (1) GU U vGG G GU
. 95 . } Hx J (2) Gy} GH} U
G vGG Hx J (3) GU U U J (4) }S U
SG } }} U G U H GGU } }G H
H } U } G} GH GGG
U J U }S GH J
(5)
6 UH} J
(6)
G} GU G J
(7)
G} G
G U vG} J (8) G} J (9) G GGU

U 4 H J (10) G }G U J (11)
160
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
24
GUG G
wGG M U G H U S H J
G U G GU G J (12) U GG
J U} }U } HU
U x U G G GU} H }
} GU
M H} G v
G x x ! U }G-}H }
G-} G U HH G HH G J GU,
GU, GU, G U G }G
U G G- }G G
G } }H} U G H M GU
G U U | G } }G U x HG }G
G G G x SH}
} U U G } U U , GG
xG GU} }SH} U
UH G} } G
161
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
25
GUG G
U U G H G H G
GU} G } ,
wG }} } U U
GGU U U
GGU G}H U x
GGU G}H U H U
| U ( U
H) U } }H } H
x G}H U H U
} U} x J
}GH U SH} } GGU U

G U GGU H G G
GU} GUH M H} U H |
U }SGGU , GU} U }} GGU
G}H U x U | }Hx U H
U | }H x U } U U} x J
162
}G U GU}
GUG G
26
} M U G H G H G
GU SGG GU
| J
U U U U G } H U G
U }
G (
) x} x} } } (H H) J
G GU U v } ? U
U G U GGU J G } G
G GU G
U U GHGU U } H J
G GH GGU }Gg H
GU}
, G U H GUG U }GUGU
U }GGU GU U ( G
U) U G G- U U GHGU
G x} UH J
163
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
27
GUG G
G U } U
J
G
H G J H G J H G J
H G J } x U H U U }
} x U H U U } , } x
U G G } G} }(
U GG }G}}(
)H U H } x
)H U H J }G G U H J
} G G U H J U H J
U H J H G J H
G J H U U G U HG U J
164
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
28
GUG G
GG U G GU U
G U G
G U }GG }G M GU G U G G J
H (
) }} H
G U } U }HU } G G } G} }
U H
GU G H H - G G G U} U
}GU} }G} } G U U U } GU}
U J } G} GU } G U }G U H J
165
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
29
GUG G
U U UG U U } H G J
H U } M G } G } H
}
}GUSSH
} } H H U U
U U U H GU} U U
vG H U GGU } U J
}
}}H
} } H H U }
-G U U } U }} GU} GUH U G
vG U H SG U U J
166
}G U GU}
GUG G
30
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
6 UH}
H U U G U HGU }G }}
H UH}
G
H U H J
UH}
} x U H U U }
UH U U U } x U U } G} }
H
UH}
}
wG H
U H
H U U } H G J x U GGU
U U U GUGU }x H U GGU H G-GG} H J
}
167
UH}
G

U H
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
GUG G
31
UG U G U } U G }
U U U U H U H G}
G U } G U xG U| }
x J
HH
G x
U } |H J G GU J
UH}
SxGGU
} H } G G U } x } x
x } U U |H U J U U
G U } U x } U x
U } x | U }
( H) U xG U H G U
168
}G U GU}
32
GUG G
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
H x U wG H x U GG U
U U U GU }x H U } H G-G} H J
UH}
g UG
H } }x
U } U U U
wG }x () U U } }
U } G UG U
xG G x G H G
}} x } SH} H } U J
H U U G U HGU }G}}
169
H U H J
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U U G H GH G
xU U U
G : G GGU, } H S, SH} GG GH}

}H HH }G}} S G
G GU -G G
zGSS ! UH , xU, G SGU S, }G

Sx xG G} J x G wGS } S
US G U G v UU U S } G G
S S GUH } }G
U }} U xG}
wG Sx }
U | -wGS } U G J
G GU SH} | U xU S } HH U
U H H J U U U }
, xU Sx U G U U H G J
}} U G wG U G U G GG , US xU
xG H U S S H } }-SS J U
SH} | xU U } HH U S
} ( Sx }
) } H U U }UH
G S H , G UH U -wGS U SGG
GGU S UH SU J , } } H x ? H, J
} U U } GG U J

} xG U } U xU U G U U J
xU H } U S GG GM }G U J v
U S U G S}H } U } x U SwG U
170
}G U GU}
34
S U S } H G U UH
, G U }SSH } U U GUG U G
H } U S , S wGS U H,
xU, }G xG S GU G H
S x H U
US U vH wG U SU J
xU U US
| xG GU} U } U x U U SU
U U v v } x J
} } | G GU U Hx J GU G S
U H J S G S G G U
}H} J S x G U U US U |U
M { SU J
xU xH U US
xU US H U H H G }
G xH } , x S vHGU U
} (NOTICE ) S U U xU S G
G G
xH U US (THROAT CENCER) U
J U xH U US U }G } S 60
GUS S H U 70 GUS xU H U J
H
! } S S } U H G ,
xU }U xG U U S J
170-1
}G U GU}
J
GU SGGGU

U
GyGGG
U U
}G
U
SS
87
11
41
H
U G G U
(G-GU)
(((G G U vG)))
}G U yGGU
S SH }......
GwG} Gy }...
U GUS}...
U U vGS....
x
U GUGy...
x
S }.....
SG }G U GU U...
} S G ....
GU H......
171
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
G G G U G GU U U
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
(G-GU)
}G U yGGU
yG w U ! S }U}}
G
S U GU wG w x J
M GU U GUGy
SU }, SyG GU, GU GU S,
GUG x
}G U G} S
M GU
G S GU}, G }x GU U
x S U, x J
} } S} | ! GU GS } }G
172
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GGU J
}G U yGGU
G G U G U H U
G U } GUG
G U SwGy SG ,

27 S-y }GUGU U y } 9 }
,
y--} UG } : }
! y} } y}
U G y}
(
) U GRU S xGGU U
S U y x
vGS } J
GGy S }} }G}} G} G-
vG Uy , }GUSS U}
GU}y
U S y }-U } yG U GRU S
}G } ,
S wGS
} wG GUwGy,
}Gy Gx, SG S} } }SMGU
vGy
}G
G vGS } S J
(
173
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
}G U yGGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
GU}y U S S
S
GUG x
U GGUGUy ,
GU}y U U } } S S
}G U
S x J x LSy y S U}

x S } U} y LS S vSG J
}G U H
SU 2 G}, }SS}, }, S
} Gy}
U x} , wGS }G
U GGUGy U, S U }G GU}y U ,
y x S U GGUGy U, S U
G GU}y x y J
wGS GU}y U GUG, GUM, }
174
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
}G U yGGU
U U G H G H G
wGGU U S x J
US U US U S G x !
} } S} | ! GGy S }}
}G}} G} G-
G-} U}
vG Uy , G
GU}y U }G U yU U
4 (GUG, GUM, }, wGGU) U S

S x U x G}} y, GU}y, Gy
yy U S }G U U Uy J GU}y U
}xGy U S }G
Gx S U G GUG U
S x, y U G S }G U Ux y S U
GUM U S G x, x yU }G U S Gy
x y GUG U G } U S G x x
yy U }SMGUy U S }G Gx y S U
175
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
} M U G H G H
G U SG G GU
G | J
}vU }U} U y G UGU y wGGU U S

G GU}y x J
GwG} Gy } }G
GGy S G} GUMGU G}
GUy G} y GG U x, }L }} !
}G (U vGy ) GU}, , S ! wGS }G
U GG Uy S U S} } U GSS J
GGy S G} GUMGU
GwG}
U }G GU} J
(G)
}G U U S
GGy S G S}y
y U G}y, GUG }}y, y,

y Sy
U GU} G ,
wGS yGG G U, U }G U wG , S
176
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
}G U yGGU
G U } U
J
U LUG, S GUy U }U}} U y }G Uy

, yG y GGUGy U S yGG y } GGUGy
U J U S }G U S} U yGGU y
S U }U y J
S S U S} U
G w y G
U S yG U x }
U y }G S }G U GUGy Uy
, x S U LUG, S GUy }U}}
U y }G Uy , yG y G S yGG y
} GG U J U S }G U S yGG S} U yGGU
y S
yU y S
S} U G U y U S U
U
G
U yGG
U S }G U }
} y J
177
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
GG U G GU U
G} U U S
GGy S }} wG
GGy S GGGU }
GU}y ,
U wGS U
w }G
Gy LUG S
Uy J y
S S GU}, y} }G
G x S }G U
Gy } yGU U y GGy S }G}} }SyGGU
U yGGU
y} }y GUG x J
S- S U y } |

, y} U S S yGG }G
G ?
S U, S40 S S J GU}, y} S40

S S U }G
G x S Gy } y}
}y x y }G}}
}x J
178
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
}G U yGGU
U U UG U U } H G J
}G U
GGy S GUy
S y
SU }, GU GU S, GUG x, SG
}
G G
S
U GU} GU , x
} y
}G } U GG U
x, S
! }G U U ?
GU}, ( }G U) LUG S
U J
U GUS}
}GUSS GU} }}y GGy }zGy G}
wG
S GS U yGy GU}y , }}
} U S }G U y v } U
179
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
x SG |
y y U U zGG | y }x
}G U SG

x S U zGG U U Sy
J } U U GGU }y }G U
U GGU, Gy U }G U GUS
Gy S S x S Gy GS U S S }G
Gy J
(}y, . 2 , S.
78,
G GU
UG)
} } S} | ! y x }G
Gy

Gy U vSy Sy Sw U
G U U} U GS U SGG yGGU S }G
G S
}GM} y J }wGyS }G
G U yGGU
U
y J } ! y G xG S
G
}G U SG GU} :180
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
10
}G U yGGU
UG U G U } U G }
}G U GGU (G-GU)
G GU M S yGG wG 2
U
} 4 x U GUS 2 U yU
U x U U S x }
wG w
Gy
(NORMAL) w
GU U yGGU G S U x J
}G
G S U y } S U
vU
U S G S | U U G
(}-S y U } U G U 4 vGy GUG
}G U, x }Gy
G y | U
S
}} U) yv yG} v y
GU U S yGG
U S
U xg U S
U y3
181
}G U GU}
11
}G U yGGU
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
xH U U

x xH (
x) U U xG xG J S yGG S
G :
U y
y G} Uy , y } --Uy
y -G}y
y S U } J
U yGG
G :} yG U
} y
yG } S J
U yS}
G :
U } S MG
y } G}y J
182
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
12
}G U yGGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
U }U}} S GUG
G :--} UG } : S
wG
}U S U J y
} G}y , G G
U }U J } y U

y S } J } U S
Sy , Sy U
y GS U, U
xGG U
U J
183
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
| J
13
}G U yGGU
} M U G H G H G
S GUG wGy} U U Sy S } U J
U y3 y U G y y3 y U
U Sy }-S S wGS
G J
--} UG H } :
U } S MG
y } G}y J y}
GU} U
J G J S
U U US
S
J S U G
U U J
v Uy LUG }
U S yGG S
UG U

xH yGG U J
S
U
184
}G U GU}
14
}G U yGGU
G U } U
J
GU SGGGU
S
} G GU}
J U} G U} y
LUG U ySG
U J U yS}G 2
Uy
U S
wG , S wG U GU} Uy
J x
}GU U }G
G y S U
U J
U v
Uy S yGG S } U
G}
w
U U U } S yGG S w U
U U
wGS wG w U U U
U U a x
G}
}
1 : U } G-G} H x 2: H
S U
S H S S U GU U 3: H ! } }HU ! S wG
H J
185
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
15
}G U yGGU
GG U G GU U
, G U
, G U U S,
U S
U
S w J ( x SGU } y
G U S x w) 2
U S10
xH
U LwG S yGG GU U yGGU U S10 xH

U
( xH U y U | GSS)
G}
x J xH GU M
}x U G} S x }y w J U}
G U} y 3 S U ySG
1
G U S S yGG U

U U U J U S
GU} wG U
U S U xH GU LwG U GU}
U S
wG S
U
1 U } x S S H
186
}G U GU}
16
}G U yGGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
U
S w U 2 U xH GU U
xH U S U
S J 2 S U
} U S Uy J U U} G U} U
U U }vG (S vGGU }

} }xGGUy GU} U }SyG ) U
v Uy
S U yGG S2 S
U J S yGG
S U U
w U
U wG J y vGy xG }
G}
S U }y x J
U U vGy
J S2 vGy }
G U H
G} S
G
U yGG LUG S
U S2 S S S U S
GU} wG U
187
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
}G U yGGU
17
G G GU G GU U U
U GU} U 2 vGy U S S U
GU Uy GU } y
G :
y}} GU , GU }
G y
J S}

U G}y
--Uy J S} }
U U
J } x y U
U S U }
} x y } G} }
(
S J
188
) S U
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
18
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
y } zGG
U GU
y S
U
U x x U GGU xH
( x) S S U
x U S } (
) zGG
U GU
Uy U} U x }x S U

}y zGG
x GU
S xH S
U J x 2 S G vGy
G y v Uy wG J x GUG
}G
G y yS 3 4 vGy U GU} }
G} GU
G, Sy }
U GMy J GU zGG S yGG x
Sy zG y S GUG U Sy | } (
x }} U
}G
G y US | vGy U GU}
189
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
}G U yGGU
19
U U G H G H G
} GUy U wG} wG ) U vGy

U
GU wG } y U M }
G :
M | (}
S) }G}}
U

S yGG y M |
(S) }
U

J U y S Gx
J !
--Uy
G U } S

U
S yGG y
--Uy G U (S)
} U
U
y S Gx J
190
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
20
wGG M U G H U S H J
GU SGGGU
U U S G }S
G, }-S G
G
:
!
} } | }
wGy } | }
GG GwG S J
U }G wGy} U U
U
U yGGU
} U U
U S yGG Z
yGGU J }G wGy} J
(
S} U }G } x G GU
}GU }G U yGGU }} y } U J
S} yv yG} U vGy U
yU
S U J
191
GU} }
}G U GU}
21
}G U yGGU
U U G H G H G
G U SG G GU
J
S
y U w U S U
S
w J LUG } G U y U
w
G U
UG xH }
U w } U yGG wG S
U J S S} U U
G U S
S
S
G} S } , G }
S
yGGU
U J U } S
S
S
U } U } w J GU S
yGGU S yGG J
}- !
S} | S} U S yGGU
192
}G U GU}
GU SGG GU
| J
22
}G U yGGU
} M U G H G H G
}G } G y GUG U S U xG }G x ,
G U S U U G x y
U }G U U S
G | U
S S S G Sy }vU U S U
G U Gy x G }SyG U
S U U S U x J
( Gy, GSS : 3 , S. 66, }-y }< GU)
H U GMGU U Sy S
}G U 6 yG
(1)
G : }G U , S S x }G
G
S x U GUS} U Sy S
U GM J
(2)
S~ G : (1) } U GU U S U
S}y U S GSS
GM U Gy
U
G : } U v, 2
193
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
23
}G U yGGU
G U } U
J
2
U y U G S S}
G}
x 2 (x^ yU)
(wG yU) }U}}
G y U }zGy GU
}G LSy J
(2) x S U U
G
S
S U GSS S U }G }
GUG G
U x G }G x J
(3)
U U U
G U Gy J S
U U
G U
}
S S S~ U U
GSS }Uy G }G U |
G} J (
Gy, GSS : 3, S.
42 ,
}-y }< GU) (4)
( }) U
G S S U x }Uy }x
S S
U U w S GG U y }}
y J S U
G S x }G x }x S GG U
yGGU S U x U G J
194
}G U GU}
24
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
}G U yGGU
GG U G GU U
S x U S}
}G Gy U
-- }}--Gy J ( Gy, GSS : 3, S. 42,
}-y }< GU) (5)
G wGy }} xG
U U }G } Gy S S U S
}Uy S S
y S S G U x
G y S S } | }G y J
(3)
SvGH GUH : }G } GU U
U yGGU } U J (1) }G GG U GU
S S U x GU GU U yGGU x }G
GUS x x GUS U x GU y3

U U vGGU S

S GU LwG
x y GUS J
(2) x SGU
} GU
S U y U GU GU U yGGU } U
}G x }x GG S U }vM yG} J
(3) x S
x
G U wGy
195
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
}G U yGGU
25
U U UG U U } H G J
U U GG U S }S} S S
U
}} U SU y yG U S
GU
}
LwG U
U GGU
} GU J
(4)
yG U U
}G
G } }} U GU U yGGU }G
G, }G x U Gy J
(5) U wGS yG
U U (S U) }G
G
S S U w w S S}y }G
Gx y
x S U | yG U U Gv} J
(4)
vG : }G
G S U vG GM
J }-S U }G GS U y GM
U GS U vG MG x vG GS MG S
196
}G U GU}
26
}G U yGGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J

G y }G x J
(1)
G}}
}S } G} GUy U vG G y }
}Sy yGUy U }
U G-} Sy U
}SgGU S }G U GUy }} U } Sy
y J (2) S} U vG } }G GU
U }SyG GU }G } y U }Z
U }Gy U yG U }Gy U U
G J
3 GU }vM : (1) yGG zGy S U

S20 } yU (2) xGM zGy S S20 }
(3)
SGU GG U S U G zGy
yU J y3 GUy } U }G G GUG
zG GUG J x S U }G GS
197
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
}G U yGGU
27
UG U G U } U G }
G }vM vG MG x y
G
y
ywG U G} J (
3,S. 23,
, G, GSS :
}-H }< H GU,)
}G }vM vG wG y ?
xGM zGy S U} S U}
20
} GU }G
GS U S} U S U GGy }}
G} G wG
GU}y , }G GS }
y ywG zGG U vG Uy S

wGy} J (GUy -G GU , . 5, S. 156) U

x S GyyG U }G } yyG U ( yG
) U vGU Uy SyG }G } x | S
yG J
(5)
(
(GUy -G GU , . 5, S. 139)
: y U
v U U } J
(1)
G S y U GM
} y GG y G S U y
J
G- } U | GM xG
198
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
28
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
US | G } U SUy J
(2)
y } G S U U y x
} }-S G U y G S zGG GS
U y | G U }G x J
(3)
y U - U x S vG U
U
U S }G
Gy ? y GU y J x Gy S
U S U yx y }G J
(4)
GUG }G } y GUG | GM }-S }
y U U G U GUG }G
Gy J
(5) SSG
( LSy y) U
zG, Sy yG } }yGGU }G U y UGU

}x GyyG U yG } yG Sy vG U
y U GU Sy } Sy SU }
U }y--Gy (
) U y U,
S U G }wG
} }yGGU }G U
199
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
J
}G U yGGU
29
U U G H GH G
y U UGU GU y J
(6)
}G zG } }yGGU }G U y UGU x zG
y } J
(7)
y U }
} GU GU U yGGU yG J (G) (8) vG }

}vG U S yGG y U | G U }G }}
U }G } J
(9)
y , }G
}y U J
}G G U
U G S
(10)
U y U GM S }G | U }-S
G GU~G, G GG, G, }G yGGU (
GGU)
zG }G S U U GUS U U S
U GUG | y J
(11) S
RU x zG }x S } | y GM }-S
} y U } S R U Uy J
(12)
S S } | SG
L GUGU U GU y GM J (G) S
200
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U U H J
}G U yGGU
30
H
U G G U
vG } y U } S S Uy J
(6)
yv yG} : }G U v U
U MG U GM J
S}H U Sy GMGU U Sy S
}G U 7 GUG
(1) yv yG} (2) GU} (3) GUy (4) LUG (5) S
(6)
GU wG (7) wGM S G J
(1)
v G} : GGUGUy yv yG} (
yv ) yG }G } S }x }G U zGG S
U } S S }G U GUG S | }
U x J
(1)
}vG yv yG} U
zGG }} U S U }x v }} S
201
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
}G U yGGU
31
G G G U G GU U U
wGy} U y }G x J
(2)
}}
U LUG }
yv yG} Uy LUG } x
yv S vG wGy} U G y yU
}G x J
(S }GUG
GUG U
}yGGU
wG wG yv yG} U S U
v Uy LUG U, }} U S x LUG
} }} S | Uy x y vGy } x x
U
LUG } wG S GU }} wG x y vGy
} J) (3) wGS yv U yzGGUG
GU }-S
xx US S G x S
yzGGUG G} , } UGU J
(4)
zGG U v U v v
U }G x U x U } GUS S} U
U U y UGU J
}G
202
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GGU J
}G U yGGU
32
G G U G U H U
U y G U Sy }
G

}U U vSy G} U U} U G S U
v U v Uy S y J S yGG U
}G | y U G
x yGUy
Uy }G U U Uy U }G |
y J G xG Sw U| }U J
(5)
vGy U LUG } x y yv U GUGy
x J
(2)
GU} : (1) U} U GU} U G U
G y yU

GU} U S
wG J
(2)
GU} y yU
y yU GUy J GU- GUy GUG GU} |

GUG, GU- , GU- Sy Sy J
(G) (3)
GUG, ~, G Sy GU } GU} GUG J
x GG SGG U }G U Ux y
203
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
}G U yGGU
33
wGG M U G H U S H J
x J (G) (4) wG S }GG U yvGU GG

U GU} S vG SGUyG x U wG SU S
U SU wG S U } GwG} y wG
} GUG y S~ wy GUy S
} }GG y J wG SUy }x S S }G
} Gy y } x GU y
yvGU x y U
G J
(5)
x GS (
Sw) wG}
U x U wG }}U
y GUG U wG U
G J
(6)
x SGU
y wG }}U U wG wG yv yG} U x
y GUG U wG U v U wG
}}U y J
G ! G x }} S yvGU ( GwG})
204
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
34
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
U S GUG }G U
Gy S Gv}
- G
xG GU} y }G GUy GU} U
U U U GUG J S
yGG S wG SUy }x GS
} U S wG }}U }x U
Gy
y U | }G Z U GUG J
(}wGwGS G Gy, GSS : 3 , S.
GU)
64,
}-y }
Gy U | Gv} | xG -G Gy
U U }G
G SUy J
G }S } U<S U yG} | y G
G xG
U GUG }G
Gy G U U
y , }G U wG wG yy | U y , S
x x xG Gy -G U }G
Gx y U
}G x J (7) wG U
G U GUy |
205
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
35
U U G H G H G
G U SG G GU
J
U zG
G SUy }x wG U
G zGG U
GGy S G G
S } ,
G}y G}, }SS}, }, S }yG }

GU}, U
G U
}G wG U
G U SGU (
S) J
GG U S U
G y S }
U} x U G}
G x U zG
U
G Uy G }} y U
U
G U zGG S}y S y U wG xGyG
J ~ U 2 vGy zG
Gy U | Gv}
U wG U
G zGG J
( Gy, . 4, S. 17 , }-y }< GU)
(1)
GU :
(1)
GUy S U } U y}} GMGU
}wG S U U GGU xG S SGG yG
}}yG (}) J
(2)
206
Sy
G }
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
G | J
36
}G U yGGU
} M U G H G H
| GM U wG S J
(3) x
GMGU
y SGG U }x y Sy U wG S U
LU }-S xG SvG S}Gy ( S
U }G) | y }G J
(4)
wG S GM }x | GyyG U S (
Sy GUy ) }G } GUy U G S
yU
, S yGG ySGy xG } | wG w J
(5)
}G U G | U U
G }GU U
S S | } U U} G U} y G U
wG S SU }-S yGGU , G U GG
U U
U } } y G GM
U wG S SU J (G) M GU xG
Gy
| U} G U} y G U wG S SU
|
G Ux J (6) }yGGU U y
G GUG U
2 vGy } ~, S GU U vGy }
207
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
37
G U } U
J
GU SGGGU
}} }GU ( y }G
G )
GUG J
(7)
}vG U }G } GUy
G S-y GUG y J S ( Sy
GUy ) }G } ( G S GUy
) }G } J }} U GUy }vG U | UGU
(8)
GUG U US vGy }
GUy U GUGUyG U } U }G GUS x J

(9)
GUG } U GUy U yG
} }-ySSyG G
y U GU }
G U
Gy }x S
G U S} } SU U} S U}
} U - GU w S U U G}
, S U yy S ( U) GU
G U
Gv} J
U U vS GzGGUG
208
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
}G U yGGU
38
GG U G GU U
S yGG
Gy U } U y G y
U S US zGG U
y y ySGG GMGU y
U } zGG U zGG w y S
yGUwG
y U GU S GU
Gy ! G U S yGG
GU }
G G} SwGy G} J
( Gy, . 3, S. 86 ,87, }-y }< GU)
GMGU U SGG x GM
vS x
} U GUGU
Uy J w ! GMGU S x } GUS
x y }G x J ( Gy, GSS : 3, S. 108, }v
-G) }-S S
( U )
G }G y G S S
SGG
G J
(GU Gy, GSS , S. 119, GU U S, )

209
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
39
}G U yGGU
U U UG U U } H G J
G ! G ! G !
S S GMGU SGG y S U
G }GU U UGU U G} U
Sw U y
U U x
SGG
G U
}G
G SUy y GUG U
S U

G y
G S U GMGU SGG
U SUy J 2 Sy }}U y
G} U } S U
}G x J
U UGU x S }G } }y U GU
SGG
G y Sw U U Uy J
w ! S yGG }G y J (}wGwGS G
Gy, GSS : 3 , S. 116) S y U U }x Sw
} U} S G x S SGG GMGU y
S U G} U y Sw U U U
210
}G U GU}
40
}G U yGGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
G} U } }G S U
}G x
}x SGG
G U }}y xG U SUy J
GMGU S U
xGy S U | xGy y
G} U } S U }}y U SUy J x
U | Uy y wG S U }G y y S
U S U
v x !
(}wGG G GUy -G, . 6, S. 254, G GU )
}-SH }
} } S} | !
GUy U
}y U wG G x x J GUG
}S} G S LSy GU GU
G
Swy J
yxG GU Sy U G}x xG
SS yGU y S} U } }S }
}-Sy } GU} } }- } }-
211
}G U GU}
41
}G U yGGU
UG U G U } U G }
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
} U GU
U GzGG G U }zGy y}
y J G xG U G}} }G G GMGU U
SGG x U S S Sy U yy y J
U ! y} GU U
}
G J U !
S} | SGG GU GU
G y S
S} | U Sw MG U J S} |
U LSy
G y S S} U
G S Sw J
U y
yGGU y} GU U x Sw Sw
U
S U } x x J
G y} GU G}
yy GU S U } U}
(4)
LUG : y U U G y U

212
}G U yGGU
42
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
LUG U - J
U
S
J
S yG }vU } U } , y } }
U GU} G-G}y ,
U S }G U yGGU G GU}y S } LUG
S U }
S
U J
(5) S : (1) SyG }vU }U}, y } }
U GU} G-G}y , } Gv}

U Sy a
S UM, } 2 2
2
Gv} U U
G
S} J
J
(2)
vGy } 2 S GUG
(3) S
213
}
} GM J
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
43
wGG M U G H U S H J
GU SGGGU
} U } U G} U SwGy }GSS x US
S yGG S U U
} y S x J
(4)
US } G }-S S (S U xG
U ) M GU (CARPET) xG
S U
y x
} x y U S
y S x J
}S } U
(CARPET)
(5)
U
G x
(U G x y U
U }G GU} | y )
U

S Uy vGy S y U wGS wG w U
yGG } }G x J U U
a y }G }vM yG} G x J
(}HwGGS G Gy, GSS : 3 , S.
71 )
(6)
U}
( Sx ) xg

wG }y G }G
x J (G)
214
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
44
} M U G H G H G
GU SGG GU
| J
U U vGS
U
S U y S } y , }G SGG
} } S U SGU
y G
xG }G y
S}

y , S } SS U GG S}, x
xG wG y , U
U L UUG } U
U U Sy }
US U wGyG
y J
S GUy U

GU
xG U y ,
xx Uy ,
-U } x Uy
J U

U U S y } G} }
U U U
GG} y | U y J U ! U
U
wGy } J
U U U U U GGU
U
U
U GSS U
U U
215
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
45
}G U yGGU
G U } U
J
yU U
v }GUGU U
U U
G
U
v U yS3 S yGG
U
U
v x y
U x J ,
y }^ U y xG S }
G y
S yGG
U U J x
U U
U
G xG y
} (}-S , } U ) y yU w
G U GG xG U
Sy U U x
y |
U x J U

U y S x

U } S
U y J ! U
U U
|
U y J (yzGS }}y
U Gy, GSS : 2 U }yG-G GU} J)
(6) GU
G : }G U vGy
U U
y yU U
y (
Gy)
yU
G GUG J
4 vGy GUG }
4 vGy U GU U y yU
5 U S
216
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
46
}G U yGGU
GG U G GU U
U x
5 U S U GU
} S2
yS3 U S U }xG }
yS3
4 U S U S Sy }
GUG yG x J }xG U G }G } U vGy
}G } J
(7) wGM
S G : GU wG U S}
yy xG U S GU GUS ( -y) U
}G S U J }x S} U G U GU GUS
x y }G G x J x GUS U S
yGG U GU
x y }G yG J
GU} } S S H }G U SH x
U yS GMGU U Sy S
yvG 30 y
(1) yv yG} } zGG v U J (2)
217
}G U GU}
47
}G U yGGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
GUG U yS3 vGy U G GU y}} }G

U vGy } G} GU
G, Sy } GU
U U U G y y 3 y U
y3 y
G J
(3)
G} GU U S y S

G J (4) G} GU Sy U } }

(5)
U G U
G J
GUy U GU LUG U J (6) U S U
y S S U J (7) y U LUG,
S, GU} S } U} G U} U
U U }vG
(8)
GU} LUG S S
wG
(G x U} S
Uy S yGG U
y )
(9)
S S U } S

(G x G U S S
S

S S } y S yGG U U y
Uy S
G} }G }vM
218
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
48
G G G U G GU U U
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
yG} G x)
(10) GU
}G zG ( S zG U GU, GU wG
GUG x GU U | U wG x y
yU S vGy U S U S S
U J) ( Gy, GSS : 4, S. 52, }-y }< GU)
x zG U yS3 vGy U S U y 4
U U S S U J S S S U
x zG } 2 vGy U GU GUG }x yS

(
) vGy U S U U GU
GUG U x J
(11) GUG,
~ Sy }vU } y (
Gy) U
U G
(12)
2 GU } y }U}}
G J x U zGG | y U x
S S x J (13) GUG, ~ Sy }vU
U GU } y U x wG }
U y S
219
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
49
U U G H G H G
G U SG G GU
J
S x x U U y }G
J
(14)
S}UUy vGy zGG
2 J zGG
U Sy J
GUy U J
(16)
yGGU
(15)
~ } yv
~ } G GUy
G J (17) G U
yv (18) G } S 2 vGy U yv LUG S

yv U zGG v
(19)
}G }-S }xG G U
S2 vGy
GU, }G, G, yG -}G GU U ~
U vGy } }} U ( y G
U} G U} y 3 } S SU) S GUy U J (20) xG
}G (}-S G GS) } Sy GUy

U (21) GUG U S U x (22) LUG
vGy } U U (23) S vGy } 2
U
(24)
S 2 vG y S
G U U
220
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
}G U yGGU
50
wGG M U G H U S H J
(25)
4 vGy }G } yS3 vGy

GU
(26)
y S
G y S yy U
(27)
S S y S S U (28) 2 GUG
2 GUG U } y3 ySG U
GU ( y3
U U }vG) vGGU
(29) }} GUy U wG G S
Sy G S }vGy U
(30) GUy U
S y}} y } }} U
U J
}G U yvG 96 Sy
yv yG} U Sy
(1)
yv yG} U
(2)
xH
G
(Normal) G, U
} } y
U (3) xH
U
GU M (4) yv U vGy S U (5) yv
221
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
51
U U G H G H G
G U SG G GU
J
MG U S
2 U yU
yv GUy
(7)
yvy G } | Sy J
(8)
(6)
}} U G S
(9)
(10)
S} U
(Gy S G G U }vM )
(11)
yv U GU
Sy (G x
yv U U y U
U yGGU
U
y U GU Sy S U )
GU} U Sy
(12)
} GU U S
U U
U U G
, x x U U xG xG
GU x U U U
y
w
222
}G U GU}
GU SGG GU
| J
(13)
}G U yGGU
52
} M U G H G H G
S (14) U yGG
G (15) U yS}
G (16)
y 3 U U S U GU U
Sy
G
(19)
(17)
(18)
S U
} U
S U | Sy U (20) yv U GU
S
G (G) (}G } yGG yS} GUy U
yG }vGy
GUy G yGG yS}
| }vGy U Sy J S }vGy U U vGy
GUy x
GU vGy Uy vGy 2
) (21) yGG SGU
vGy
U
G (
(22)
yS} vGy U MG } Sy J
223
53
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
}G U yGGU
G U } U
J
LUG U Sy
(23)
L U G U v U J
(24)
LUG } y3
U (25) } U U S
UG (26) x wG
w w (27) LUG } x S
w (G x U}
U y G U y }vM )
(28)
LUG }
yGG G
U x
U

w y J
(29)
LUG } S
U S
} J SU
GU}y , S U }G UGU
( U} ) LUG S }
S
Uy J
(
SU }
GU}y , LUG S U
U U wG
224
U GUS}
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
}G U yGGU
54
GG U G GU U
! } y}

S wy J
(30) y
U v Uy LUG U
LUG U U MG U wGy} LUG
yv
wGy} U J
S }SGUy U
U U
U G v U
xG US GGU U
G J ( Gy, GSS : 3, S. 72 , }-y }< GU)

x v v U y }G GUS
x J
GU} U Sy
(31)
LUG S y U (32) LUG
S } }} U
}vGy U
(34)
(33)
}GU
( y }G
G ) U 2 U Sy
U S | Sy y }x
225
}G U GU}
U U UG U U } H G J
GU SGGGU
}G U yGGU
55
U y
S S
y, 2 G y J
U J
(35)
}GU
Uy LUG S S
wG U y
U J
S U Sy
(36)
S } U
(37)
S S U
v U J
(38)
U} G U} y3
(39)
S }
U (G)
S } G}
w (40) U x
} GU LwG w (41) S } y G}

(42)
(43)
U, U
226
(44)
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
56
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
(45)
S S y S U U
, U
(47)
U, U (48) , U
(49)
(46)
(50 ) } U S } Sy U G U S
(51)

S J
(52)
G}
SGU } y G U S
w J
(53)
S } 2
U S10
x U
S yGG G}
x U S10 x
GU LwG J
S U Sy
(54)
(55)
2 S U } S S Uy
S } S
GU} wG U U GU} U S
(56) S

U x GU LwG U (57)

w J
227
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
}G U yGGU
57
UG U G U } U G }
S vGy U U Sy
(58)
2 S U y S 2 vGy U
U , (59)
w U wG Sy J
U}G
} yvGU xG } U S G}
w U wG } G J
GU U Sy
(60)
} U S 2 vGy U S S GUx U

U (61) 2 S S
w U
(62 ) S
GU} wG w (63) S

U x GU
LwG U J
(64)
S
S

(65)
w (66) x
Gy
(NORMAL) G U G w Z
228
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
58
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
U } Z J (G) (67) x U U U
S
,
UG J
(68)
Gy } y
U J S U yGGU
U x
S U U , x
U GGU

U} U x
S U

}y
w
S x S
U J
(69)
GU } | S yGG S yGG
}
y |
G
(70)
y U M GU
G
M }
G zGG J (
Gy, GSS : 3, S. 85 ) (71)
GU Sy xG }vU
U GU } | y U M GU
G Sy
J
(72)
G
G J
229
M GU U
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
59
U U G H GH G J
GU SGGGU
S} U U Sy
(73)
GUG U S 2 S} U :
S
yGGU, U
(74)
yGGU } U
(76)
(75)
}} U 2 S}
G S U Sy }x S 2
U Sy U}
G S U J
(77)
U S} }
S} Uy }} }G S x x GU}
U S vGy x U U }Gy y vGy SGG
x S} U }} S S U yG
U S
S S y vGy SGG x J
(78)
}} S} } wGyG S }vGy U y
U yGGU S yGGU U }x Gy
U y U x U }Gy G 2 S} }
U} Uy }U U y U U
230
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U U H J
}G U yGGU
60
H
U G G U
GGUGy U }GU U y } U
G }G U J
(79)
}vGy |
yGGU U S} } S yGGU }vGy }U U

y U G S yGGU }} S yGGU U S} }
}} U | y U x }} S U }GG
( U S} U S
}) y 2 S} } }} U
| y U }GU SGU GUy U y U J

(80)
}vGy U y}} yGUy (
LUG S xG) }} U S J
S} U U U Sy
(81)
S} U }} U Sy U
yGGU LwG U , yGGU zGG }vGy U

yGGU LwG U U | SUy U wG SGU yU |
U S U S} ( S U U S
}) }G
Gy
231
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
}G U yGGU
61
G G G U G GU U U
(82)
}GU xG LwG x
G }x y G J
Sy U Sy
(83) GUG U Sy } GUG U}
U x Sy x }x S U} x
Sy } ywG | }vM S yGG G G GGU
U | Gy J
(84)
(GUG
U ) GU Sy }wGyS G
GUGy
Sy U S U} x J ( Gy, GSS : 3, S. 81,

}-y }< GU) (85)
Sy GUG U }
U} U S SSG ( LSy y) U Sy
yG y
S U} y J Gv}
S U} U }GU yG} J
232
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GGU J
(86)
}G U yGGU
62
G G U G U H U
Sy
G U , x
U
G U U J
U U S GUS
(Sy
G
( GUS)
S }
G J x U }G U x S
xG S U yGGU
U x x U
U x } y Sy
G J)
Sy U U } }S
S} | Sy GU Sy
G
U -} zGy yy } x y SU
GGy
U S GUy }U S S GS U
U SyzGy U } , Sy GU }
vGy yG U GUG Sy U } U}
U GU }GU }G U, Sy }
}SyG GUG S
S }x U }U
U
G
y GUS ( GUS) } G , U zGG
233
63
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
GU SGGGU
S GUS GUS (GUS) Sy GU

U S U SGUyG yGGU }S S wG
Uy J
(GUy -G , . 5 , S. 139, G GU
}UG )
x U 86 Sy } G} S}
U | Sy U G
SgGU U S GMGU U Sy S 10 Sy
(1)
S} U yv yG} yv GUy
} Sy U U
yU J
(2)
GU} } Gy wGS ( G) U
S
y U w U S U
y
S
w J
(3)
S} U LUG }

w x U U Sy J
(4)
LUG } G U SGU y
234
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
}G U yGGU
64
U U G H G H G
U yU

S
U
G
GUGUy w U x } w
U w } U yGG wG S
U J
(5)
S} U S U G U S (6)
S
(7)
S (8)
G} S } (9) S
vGy U S S GUx U 2
S
U

(10)
S
J
SGU S U 14 GMGU U Sy
S }G U yvG 14 }SyGy
(1)
y U G U G G S U J
U } y GG
y }G x J (2) GU} } 2
U }
4 x U GUS J
235
(3)
GU} U
}G U GU}
GU SGG GU
| J
65
}G U yGGU
} M U G H G H G
Gy } S U x, (4) LUG } 2 GU} U

y
(5)
S } U U yGGU (6) GU } x U yGGU (7)
S} } S
U
U yGGU (8) S S} } U
U yGGU G U J
(9)
}GU U
L U G S } y 3 S G (}x yG GU G
}-S
, Sy, ) ySG U J
(10)
G xG } GGy S G }U
xG S U }} U ySGy

U }SyG J (11) S U wS S U }SyG

U yU }}U wS J
(12)
} y } U LU y y
U J x S yGG | LU y GU} } S

U
y S xG GU} } U
y S }
J } U U y yGGU U }
236
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
66
G U } U
J
GU SGGGU
wG U U SU }
}
U } U| y J
GU LU x J
(13) }U
U y }} }vGy S U wG
J
(14)
S G}
G J
G} G GGG
U G}
Gy S} GGy S }} }G}} xGG

vG GU}y , GGy S G}
G GGG
} G}
S Uy
S U x }S xG y J
x
U GUGy
GGy S S SGUG
237
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
}G U yGGU
67
GG U G GU U
y U GG S
, xG
GU}
SM , y} } S U wGS yU }G S
GUx

(U }^) U SGU U v U
yU S U

}G U S U y
GUy S U G }xGGUy Uy y J
} } S} | ! }G
S
}^ G y
yU U yG
G
x J x G vHUG GH
G } G J x US U U U wGGU
y S U }G U
S }^ SGU U J
238
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
68
}G U yGGU
U U UG U U } H G J
| }G U }zGSy Sw
GUG U yS GMGU U S S
}G yG 29 y
(1) y U
U J
(4)
(3)
(2) US
U S}
S} U J
U U (}G } wG U U y
wG } ) x
U y | G
x S vGy G} U y GUxG U U J
(5)
(6)
wG wG S U
U J
wG ( US U } y U wG ) S U
U ( G )
(8)
U J
(7)
G U
U } S U
(9)
SU }
U S} x} S U M GU
239
}G U GU}
69
}G U yGGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
G }-S
(x
U y S U y }G
}G }
(10)
}Sy U S GUG , ,
GU, yGU U x G S } GGU

x
}G GUS x J x } SGU S U G
GMGU U y G J
x }G }
}} U
G U G
x , G},
G S x y U G U wGG U
SG x }} U wG G U S GUG
U y }G x J
}G } wS
(11)
}G U G S wGy ! U
}G U, }, wS, U xG } y GMGU
240
}G U GU}
70
}G U yGGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
GU SGGGU
} Uy }GGU J
(12)
UU }
x G
y SS U }S }G
GUS y }x GUS UU }vM x 2 GGU
S GU , y GU y }G GU S x J
(13)
wU } 2 GMGU G S wG y }zGS
J x GG SGG }vGS }-S yGGy U yGUG

G SGU U U }} U vG}
}vGS U x S xG S U }-y U
y U
wS } U }G-GU J
}G w U
G
(14)
}SGGU GU S US UxGG S }G
xG } w w U GU GU
G ( x

G }SGGU GU }G xG
SGU G y
G , x US UxGG xG
y w S w
241
71
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
}G U yGGU
U U G H G H G
S} }x
G S } | U }G-GU J)
(15)
S} Uy S} }G}
}G U w -y S} }vM J
}G} y G Uy ,
G }G }
GU Uy yG
U
x x, } GU G xG S yGG w U
U w
G
G
M} xG G ,
G }G Sy xG
x SUG, y
GU} xG
G S | J
G-} US U yGU
(16)
G-} US }G U GUS U y
U }G U } S SG }G U U
x J S U} U U U S w S S x
U }G } U x x} | xG U
}G } y | G-} US J x S w
242
72
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
}G U yGGU
UG U G U } U G }
U U U }G } y G-} GU
}G GUS x J
}G S
(17)
}G Uy
}
y
(18)
}G S~ w
S Gy } U Lv U y3
U }vG vGGU xG J
}G } U x
(19)
}} S | w
}-S y xG
x J GUG } } x x J
(20)
}G MG U S
U G
y } } S x y x U
S S G y }G GUS x x S
U} y }vM J
(21)
243
}G S
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
73
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
GU U } G w S U G } } GU
SG G } U S x S U x
S }G GUS x J
(22) }
} U
xG U U GGU }
y }G GUS x J
(G) (23)
y S wG U x U xG y x
S GUS x x J
(xG- U
G}y U x GGU } }G }GSS y }G

GUS x, }G yG } GGU U G
} x U G G S vGy y U SwG
x U G y G GU )
}G GU S GGU
(24)
GG S U S}y U S
45
S S G U }zGS }G , x GG S y }zGS
J }-S GS ( G ) U x}
} U U x} U xG-yG G y x }S
244
}G U GU}
74
}G U yGGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
GU SGGGU
S wG }G GUS x J
}G } S
}
(25) S

U } S }G y U
y3 GU}
G y3 G U Gy GUS
x J
S
U } S vGy }G
U S} S xG G U wGGU , x yvGU
U y } }vM J
(26)

y wG y } U U
y } }G y x

y }G
GUS }x }vM J (G)
}G } w
(27)
U Lv } y3 w S }G GUS
y U w U U w U
2 x S yGG yS3
245
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
| J
75
}G U yGGU
} M U G H GH G
U y }G y x J x U w U
G--Uy y U }y w U x J
v U } xG-yG
(28)
yvy yGUy } v U GU
U G U v U
U GU G v U y }G GUS
x x yv yG} } S y }G MG
J
vS }U ( }Gy
} }} U yvy
G S yv U U G
) xG-yG G Uy
S
U }G xGy Uy J G GU} U yGG

y S }U J (29) GUy
GU }G } S xG-yG S S } GUS
}G GUS y J
246
}G U GU}
76
}G U yGGU
G U } U J
GU SGGGU
vU }G U y GUS U
GGU U
GMGU U Sy S
}G U 32 }vMy yG}
(1) G, S U S w J (
(2)
U
G S} J S U U G x S } y
vGy
} xG x
S y J
x U
G S
U y U S G } G J
U

U
(3)
S U
G U J }-S S U
S yGG S M} xG U 2 U
vy x U U S U

S
U y G J
(4)
U G x U U

S yGG M} wy U S U
U S

U y S

J S yGG
247
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
77
}G U yGGU
GG U G GU U
}G
G }vM yG} J ( Gy, GSS : 3, S. 165)
(5)
2 Sy } S x U Sy |
U S
G G y }G }vM yG} x J
yGG Gy U gy
(6)
,
wG G U gy J x }G
MG U S
gy y vGy } SGy U Sy
} }G MG U x J x S U GUxGy
G U }G U vGy wGy} x y }G
G
J x }G Gy
y x vGy
} x y }G yG x S yGG
G
y xx x J
248
}G U GU}
78
}G U yGGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
}G } UU
(7)
}G UU }vM yG} J
GGy S
GU}y ,
} }G UU S }-yGGU x Sy
} S U, , U J x y S S
y S w S 100 S y J
x Sy U }yGGU S
SUy y U U Gy x xG
y y U S
G U Gy
G J
x wG
(8)
}G } x wG J
wG-y} }GvGGUGU GGy G} G }

249
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
79
G G G U G GU U U
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
GU}y , } U y U SU
}
GU}, }G }
x
wG U J
}y U
G vG U, SyG 2 , U }U,
G}y G-}
yG }G U
x wG S }G GU} J }G U y
} , }G U y x wG S }G GU}
J GS }-U S y3 GU} Sy
(GU) }G U yG }G } }-S }G
U y , }G U yG Uy x wG
}vM yG} J () wG }G ( yG }G }
| ) } xG Gy U x wG }vM yG
(}) wG }G } US Gy U S }-S x U
} U x wG }G ( Uy
G) J
(9)
250
yU U
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
}G U yGGU
80
U U G H G H G
U x S U x } J
SU }
GU}, }S U
S U y yU U U x S
U x } U }G (U Gv}) } J
}G U y
vGy }G U yG } | G }vM yG}
J
U}
w
(10) U}
w (G, 347) }G U
G |
( GG) U}
( 2
U SyG })
w J
U }G
GU}y , U}
w }
251
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
81
}G U yGGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
U Gy
U GU U } } U
} } v Gy !
(G Gy, GSS : 3, S. 115, }vy S}, )
S} U yGGU w
(11) x S} U yGGU J
U }G
GU}y , v G x U
}G } S} U yGGU w y S S G
U w U x J
(12)
} U U w,
} U G J } U
xG SGU w U U

GMy w }vM
yG US xGG GG U yGy y G J
( G, G 3 , S.
194 )
SU }, SyG GU,
252
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
}G U yGGU
82
U U G H G H G
GU GU S, GUG x
GU}y ,
}G }
U G } y wG SS S
U yGGU }-y y yU

w,
S
} UU S U G}y | U y J
(13)
} U S } U J
}G U yGGU w
(14)
US wGS U } U S} }G
G J S wGS U
| }G U yGGU } U G x U
S
U U S U U yGGU LwG U
U }G MG U y }G MG U xx
S }G
Uy U
x
Uy J
x }Gy U
253
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
G | J
}G U yGGU
83
} M U G H G H
S} U U
G
}G
G U
yGGU U U S U wy
U S U
yGGU } U U wG y U S} U y U,
}G U U S} wG U U Uy,
S y, Uy S y U J (15) }G } U
}
J
(16)
GMy wU
( xG} xG) U J
} J
(17)
GUS
(x wG wG
y G }x U }SyG ) U }G
GU}y , }G } US U }
y yU SU U U yG } } wG y
J
vGy }
(18) GU }
G (}-S
G S2 }
U U U J
) (19) US
}-S
254
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
}G U yGGU
84
G U } U
J
GU} S }
S
S
LUG
S S } J
S x } }S}
U wGS y }S G y , w !
y | }G S yGG
G x S U
J
(20)
GU} U G US }GUG
GU
}
G J
(21) GUy LUG
}
U wGy} U J (G) (22) }} S
}vGy U
LUG S xG } S S
S J
GGy S }} }U
S
GGy
S y Uy U SU
GU}, }} S
S y
Uy S U
U yG U } J
GGy S

S y ,
255
U }G
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
85
}G U yGGU
GG U G GU U
GU}y , v wGS }} S
S
y S S y U yG S U S x
U
S U J
x
S }
GGy S }} -
GS
U U G } wGS U
S }GU x J

U
Gy , }gy yU U
S y U
G }x U
} w, G} G xG }GgS SG
w U U ( }} -) U G} GS U y
wG y U G
! wy v U U
x
S } !! GU}, SG G ! }Gy
}}
SGUy U S U GS } U
} S }SyG ( G U G-} SGGy U

SG G GUS) } }}
GUS SGUy U
256
86
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
U U UG U U } H G J
GU SGGGU
y } } S x S y} w J
( Gy, GSS : 3 , S. 95, }-y }< GU)
S U
G U SGU
}
(23)
y } }G
G (24) US S U wGyG
( |xy U ) }} U }G U yG J
x S U }G
Gy (}) U
U ySG U GU yG y G J (G)
(25)
G} }xGS ( S G} S
G GUG
U )
(26)
wy S } GGy }
(27)
wy } (G) (28) GU U S} U GU }G
U } U G G }G
G J
(29) UzGGU
U Gy wG } }G
G U }
| }}G J
(30)
Uy xG U w S S S w
257
}G U GU}
87
}G U yGGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
}vM yG} x U U
G S S S
w y }vM yG J
}G yS
(31)
U yS S
U }G
G
}vM yG} }G U G | S U
G
G
J
(31) }G U S
y
S U x
x U
yS G }vM yG}
| }vM
}x xGy Sy S U} J x yS GU
S
S y y Uy J x yS xG U
S
G xG y S } U }G-GU J y
yS S G}
w U wG U w y G
U yzGS w (S U G}} yGGU U U }G U
yS y y yS) }G U GS
258
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
88
U U UG U U } H G J
GU SGGGU
Uy J
yGGU
U |G } U | GG x y }}--Gy GU
x J U G }-S ,
,
, U
GSS S S U w, U, xG S G
} S yS } U G J
!
S U }G
G U SGy
}H U S GMGU U Sy S }G U
33 }vMy yG
(1)
S U
G }SS U U}U U
S } }G
G J
} } U G
J x S U S GUy SU S
GUG U U GU
U U y }G GUS
x J
G J
(2)
SSy S x S }G
}G }
G}} GU x
G
259
}G U GU}
89
}G U yGGU
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
y zGG U G-} US U Gy
G
}G GUS x J
G y G
S wGG wGGG }vGS y zGG
J
x U x S }G
G
S U
x
G y S U S wGS

(3)
LUG S } GMy y 3 S U}
ySG U (x vGy yx
G U wGGU S y G
J x }vyG y3 ySGy U
U }} S
y }} U S ) (4) }G }
S wGU S G J
x U S }G }
y y G } G
J
(5) S
xG } x GU S U J
(6)
U J
(7)
S} U J
} U S } U
S
}G } S U S
G S
260
}G U GU}
90
}G U yGGU
U U G H GH G
GU SGGGU
J
}zGS }G J
(8)
}G }
GG G UG } U J
(9)
xG
(10)
-y wS, wU J
x yGGy y y G (11) S
} y S
GG G}
w J
(12)
y vGy GG S GU
G} S J
(13)
U J
(14)
yS} } G S U J
LUG } S U
S
}G } S, yGG,
(15)
xG
GG xG
U x J (G) (16) LUG }
(17) S } G}
w (18) }
J yG U|

U|

G
Sy J ( G, GS : 3, 202) S U
y S
yGGU G y vGy yGGU
261
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U U H J
}G U yGGU
91
H
U G G U
G }SyG J (G, S. 101) (19) }G } w

w J x wGG y y w w zGG
J
(20) y x U S} }G
G
J }G xG S} y G J
(21)
S G U S} }G
G S S
}-S
Gy G xG J
G (23) G} Sy
(24)
(22) }G
UG U x (25)
}GG GG U y (26) SyG

G
U x, (27) xGS wG, (28) } wG
wGSS
y , (29) Sy wG U y
(30) SG
} Sy U U x S x U xG U
}U J x
}G
G J
(31)
xG G G S }vw } G J
(}G } } G y
262
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
}G U yGGU
92
G G G U G GU U U
y
UG U } } U G U G-} US S
J) ( Gy) (32) G-} GU }G U
}GU G }GU }vM J

(33)
UG G J
(UG G . 7 , .
358
, GU H xG }yGG)
360
GU Sy } }G
G US ?
Sy Uy GU}S
U }G
G }vM yG U S U
S S U
G }
J GGy SLG }zGy }G}} } G G}
GU}y : S U
S U
G }
SGU } Sy (
Sy)
U
}G
Gy y Uy yG U
G } y
Uy | J (GUy }, GSS : 1, S. 193, }vy G, } U)
}zGy G}
USy GGy
GU }zGy GULG GU -G
263
GU}y ,
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
93
G G U G U H U
GU SGGGU
GGU J
GU Sy Uy, GU}S U}U U

S } } (U U}U S
U S
}GGGG U S} y Uyy ) S GU Sy
Uy
U S x U S} x Uy,
U }G }vM yG x S S
U S U S} } U }GSS Uy, U
}G }vM J
(GUL GUy, . 2 , S. 246)
G U wG 2 zG U | v U
G U 4 vGy
G }SyG U GS
U } GU} S G S
4 } 4
}G-GUGy U yG S
x G} GU} x J
G} S yGyG
GU}y
U S S x } wG x S U x }
x S
( U GGU y-GU U) }yG-y
264
}G U GU}
94
}G U yGGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
GU SGGGU
yG S U GUGU U G U x }yG
U S U} U yGUGU x
SG J
G} }
GU}y U S U y
U SGy
S U wGy} x GwG }
x J
} } S} | !
G U
S10 vGy }G
G y wG } }G vGy
zG
G U 12 GU U Sy S 12 vGy U }
Uy xy ! SyGU}y U S 2 zG
G U
y GU} J
}}y U
} xG }G U }} U 6 yG :(1)
SGG GGU }S} (2) xG (3)
GGU (4) } (5) GUy SGG

J
265
(6)
}G
}G U GU}
95
}G U yGGU
U U G H G H G
G U SG G GU
J
}} } U y GMGU U
Sy S vGy U 13 yG
(1)
(2)
vGy S y vGy U
yG} U S yv yG} S
yG U
U Sy } U U} y yG} }
U (3) }} }vGy 2 U U }U
} (4) 2 U }G U }} U }G, }G
}vGy U
G} }
(5)
}} U }G U
}G }vGy
SGG (6) }} }vGy 2 U
S SGG S} (7) yG U }x } Gy U }GG
()
(8)
}vGy U }} S }GUg} ( x)
(9) }} U yGUy U G}
(10)
}} U
}GU} }SGU }} (11) U U x }

U (12) U U x } }vGy }} U }S
U} (13) yG } }vGy U }} S G
J
266
}G U GU}
GU SGG GU
| J
96
}G U yGGU
} M U G H G H G
GU}y U }} SG U
G, x U
U S
} U U SGU
S
U J 2 } U } x G x
, U
S U
}S U w , SGU
S
w yU x SGU U yU

U
}G MG U yU ,
G} x J 15 S S xG U SGU
} wG w, U } | | U SGU
S S wG } J (yzGS }}y U w :
GUy -G, . 7, S. 219 y 225, G GU, )
}Gy U
GGU, xG, G GU
}S U
267
}G U GU}
97
}G U yGGU
G U } U
J
GU SGGGU
}Gy GG U | G xx
}SyGGU SG U U U y GUSGU }
( S U x GU GU ) S U SwGy SG
x x
GS SUy U ( wG} wGy
U) y | xx J
GU-GU U}
GU}y U wGS G
S U } GU}y U yG Uy y xx x
S U y ( x) GU J
S } U S GMGU
U Sy S yU }Gy U 20 G
(1)
(2)
}G, S }S yU } }vGGUy
(3) S U
U x (4) S
GU
(5)
y G U }S yU S GG (6)
, x
U U S
UG U }S
268
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
98
}G U yGGU
GG U G GU U
yU
(7) SwGy (8) UG U G
(9) SwGy S (10) SwGy
(11)
(12) }
w U GG U (13) GUG wG U wGGU
yxSy (14) G} U wGGU
(15)
wG (16)
(17) G U Gy (18) w GG zGS

U S U wG (19) GUGU U (20)
}G U y}, U }Gy U S S U yvGU
x x J S yU }Gy U GG J
UGU
wGy} U wGGU
zGyG
<, y, G y wG
xG U S GUG }G U }S U }Gy
(
}Gy) U U U xG Gy ,
269
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
99
}G U yGGU
U U UG U U } H G J
yU U x x U U}
xG }
yG U }Gy GU} Uy GU }S }
y
U
GUG vGy }Gy U S
}S } U J x GG -G GUy
GUG }G }S } }Gy U S Uy
U U SU }, Gy GU S, GUG
x, SG }
G G
S
U GU}
Gy , S U
S U U yG
S }S} U } y
5 }G (U }Gy)

U G y v U
y }
U S - }MG
U ( }Gy ) }G | S - S
x y }
U S y G x y x }
270
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
100
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
x J (
) S GS }U S }y
U }Gy U
U U wGy} wG
x -G } U }S U }Gy
U Uy S U
UGU
wGy} U wGGU J
x wG } wG SSy U S
}Gy GS
Uy y GU} U } GU GGy, }}
Sy, } G} G wG
GU}y
, GLGU } , U } , x G S U wG
}S ( }S } wG U ) GU}y U yG
Uy y xx x J (GUy -G, . 7, S. 102,
)
GUy -G GU U S SGUG
,
wGS G S U } GU}y U yG Uy S
U y x GU J
271
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
}G U yGGU
101
UG U G U } U G }
} S} | ! GU}y yU }S } y
G GU-GU U}
U GU xx
}y x U GU y GG
} }Gy GU} Uy xG }Gy }G
Gy
}G
Gy S U v G x !
}SyGGU !
}
5 }G }S U
}Gy }
SGU U yv U S
U U } SGy S GU} J
}
5 }G
G }Gy
yGUGU S GyG
272
}G U GU}
102
}G U yGGU
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
}} G} G U GMGU U
Sy S }G ~ U 13 }- U
(1)
}G ~ J
(2)
y S U GUG G} J
(3)
~ U vGy G U GUG U S SG SGU yU J

(4)
S U
GU
S U zGG U
y } U
y
U U ~ J
(5)
(6)
S U y 3 vGy
S } G U
, SGU y
G U wG J (7) yS3
vGy } GUy U yv GUy U J
(8)
S yGG yv yG} Uy
S yGG
U yU U v U J
(9)
U
U G GUy
G J
273
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
103
}G U yGGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
G GUy
} y S } y
y S wG }xy
y
} y y
|S wy y y
yGU Uy y RU Uy
y RU Uy
x Uy Gy S
wGS U y GU} U,

} y Gy
Uy y }G
Gy
S Uy y yGGU
Gy wG}y U GG
y y G}y U }}
y GG S y U
y GG GUGU U }
J
274
104
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
G | J
}G U yGGU
} M U G H G H
(10)
G GUy U M GU
G y J
(11)
G GUy
G SU
G :
! } }U ! y
} } | wGy
} | | GyG GU} }
GwG U GG S J

G :
(12)
} }xGGUy GU} J
x G GUy
G | x LUG } x y
S U S S U J
(13)
~ }Gy S
G (S U -}G }U
}
Gy ) }vGy GUy S GUx U }} LUG
} x y }vGy | LUG } J
(
275
105
}G U GU}
}G U yGGU
G U } U
J
GU SGGGU
S S U
(1)
y }G } S x U | S
GUG y }G } | S ywG y
S S J
(2) x S
S U U y }G
J (G)
(3)
U U U y S S
UGU U }G J (G) (4) U

S U y }G S U S U
} wG S y S S }-S
wGGU yy GU
U
G y ( x)
}x S U yGGU y }G S U y
yy S G S S (
S S y
U) (G) (5) GUG U S }G y y S S
S S U yGU SUy G
G (6) Sy
276
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
}G U yGGU
106
GG U G GU U
}SyGy }-S S, yGG, yS},

}, yvy yGUy ySGy U U S S
S y, }G x J
}x

G }SyG | U U U U
(7)
}G } x S 10 U S U 2 S
S U UGU J
(8) y
U (}-
S LUG U S
wG 2 S U } U
U U }vG S
) | x S S
(9)
GUy yv GUy | x
S S J
(10)
US }GUG
S } y }
vGGU xG x S S x J
(11)
GUy xG
U U
)
S S U |
Gy
G J
Gy
G U S} U y U 2
GU ( S S S
) } M GU
277
}G U GU}
107
}G U yGGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U
GU U H SxGGU U J
|
G J
(12) }} S S S
S U y } v G y
| S J
(13)
x }vGy S Gy vGy
S GUG y S S J
}G U | Gy J
y } }S
US S} | GUGUy U

}G GG U y G }S wG y S
G (14) }SGU ( U U vGy GUy U

}G } } ) U }} U S S} U G
x GUS Ux y }G y x x | U
}} U S vGGU GU S} U y G
U Sy ( S y U} y ) x
| U S} }} U U | U y wG
278
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
108
}G U yGGU
G G G U G GU U U
}G
U U S S U J
(15)
}SGU }} U S S S
U x S U U S
}} U S
x }} U S S S U
GU
G wG x y wG } S S U S
}SGU S
}G } | S y wG U
S S }} S U | UGU J
(16)
G U } y U y
G
y S S S U
U M GU
G U S U U
yS vGy U GU} } ywG J G x y
yU wG} | S S J
GUy
GGy S }} G} GGU
279
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
}G U yGGU
109
U U G H G H G
wG } SU }, SyG GU, GU GU S, GUG

x
U SU }
SyzGS GU},M GU
G
y} S v y ? GG U, S U S |
U ( xGzG y S)
G J SU G GU

S GU} J
(17)
US GU } y S U x y S S
}G zG GUG J
S S U yGGU
Gy
G U U zGG U M GU
|
G , S
yGGU S} U U 2 S U, U
y, M GU G
G U S} U J
(
280
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
110
}G U yGGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
S S U | y....
S S U | U S} U y yU
}S S U J
} }
y yU SGU S }-yG x U S U x
S xG U G }G }-S U} xG
}GU }G x S} U
x y S S
SUy J
S yy yG U }y
U }G, xG, }GG G G
U GU} y , }
y S
G U S Uy , yG y U
Uy , } ! } U S U Gv} S
S U S U y } Gv} } U
U } GwG J
281
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
}G U yGGU
111
U U G H G H G
}

S }vGS U U }S } S U S
( 14 ) y
G U S U
S U }vGS
GU} x J wG U U y
G U S U S Uy
S
G U wG } 14 S U J
GU } U GMGU U Sy S
S yy U 8 }- U
(1) y
S
G S S y
G } yG U y G } U x U GG
y wG S SU, S U GM U GUS
S GUS S S | S y J
282
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
(2)
112
}G U yGGU
G G G U G GU U U
US | G } y U y}
G S
S x, S S} S}
U y S U y} J
GM U S
}} y y x U y S U y}
y
G x y S U GMy U S
U y S y x J
(3)
S U
y
G GM U
G G-} }-ywGwG U GU zGG S }

S U }g
y S U S GU U U
zGG } U
G y S yy y
G GyyG U 2 Sy } S yy
U J
(}wGwGS GUy -G, . 8 ,223,S. 233 , G GU, )
(4)
y S M }G
G y GU S U
283
}G U GU}
113
}G U yGGU
} M U G H G H G
GU SGG GU
| J

G y ywG }vM yG J
(5)
S yy }G } GU U x ywG
U y y S G
G y xx x
yU }G } S} U U U }G U
}GU GU U y S yy U U S S
J
wG ! !
(6)
-}G }U } yG } x
U U
x }G
G y S
S S
| S yy x J
UGU xG S y S S y | S yy
x J xG U y | y
S S U | yU S U U xG-- G
U S GS x U y G S yy
U J
284
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
114
}G U yGGU
G U } U
J
S yy U yGGU
(7)
wG U v Uy S }
U} S U} y 3
U U
v Uy wG J
,
2
v U Sy wG U S }
S U wG 2 GU} }SyG J
(8)
S yy U v Uy vGy
S } y S} J
S RU U

}
x} G } x
}G GU
}SGU
S xGG US
}y U GS
S RU U }SyG S U yGGU
285
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
115
}G U yGGU
GG U G GU U
S yy U J
S yGG
| U wG wG }y } y S RU U U
S }-S } } U G x x, US
GU U U} y S} U
Sy U yy U }- GUGU } SGU U
y x, US S G} G} U Gy x,
}U wG G , yG G} }yG } U}
, GUy U } S} } xG xG J
}G U x S xG SwGy x
(1)
GUG x, SG }G
G
S, GS G SU
GU} : x U y U
|
U S} }G } G U xG } v y S 100 S
wG S U G U } S y S}y J
286
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
}G U yGGU
116
U U UG U U } H G J
(2)
GGy S }}
}U
GU}y U GGy S U
U , }G U x S xG
x y U S
v x y G} }
S
U xG S y y J
}G U x S xG U xx }x wG
}G U }G } S S U GUGU
Gy J
(}wGwGS G : GUy -G, . 7, S.
254,
G GU )
S wG G U} U
GMGU U Sy S }G U x S
xG U } 15 GU}
(1)
} G }S } }G U GU} S }GG
S yU xG G J }GG S S } U
GU} U Gy } S U x G } y y yU
x U }GG S J S U } S xG
287
}G U GU}
117
}G U yGGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
G J
}GG S U GUS G
GU} S U y3 xG yU J (GU Gy, GSS , S.

131 ,
GU U S }UG ) G }
} }G
U GU} U y3 xG U S xG } G (2) }U
}S } }G U x x Sy ( G)
y GU} S GU yU U S xG G J
(3) }G U
x Sy U G y
S Sy U S xG } U G J (G) (4) Sy
U} G U} U ( yvG
xG)
x } J
(5)
}} U Sy }vGy U | Sy J }} U
x Sy y x U }vGy U x S xG y
xx x J
(6) wGy, }
xG U | Sy SUy J
(7) }
S Gy } Sy U U S U
}G U
yGGU J
(x }G
G
288
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
}G U yGGU
118
UG U G U } U G }
U G LwG U yGGU US } U y Uy }G
S } U
, G }} U S} U U
}G U
w } GyyG GM U
U G
U x U
GU }G
G x S
U yGGU

} Ux y xx x)
(8)
U wGS
}G U x S xG y x S wGS S U
G U S U U zGy U G }yGGU S U
S S xG y
wGS xx S U

wGS Sy | x
(9)
}G }Gy } x SGU } x U US

}G MG U y S U x Uxy
SUy U S
G}y

w J
(10) x U
S GU x
}G
G U xG U G }G U S}
y xG xx J
289
(11) 2 wGS
}G U GU}
1191
}G U yGGU
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
}G U x S xG y S U yGGU U
} S U }G U S}
U U wG J S
U G U S xG J U S
U
U
}G U yGGU
U U wG J
xG U S
S S yGGU J
(G) (12) U }G U x S xG y
y }G
U Gy U S xG S U wG
U ( G S) GUy U
S w U S }G U J S S G U Gy
J }-S U
G
UG U U } U
x G - } US x y }G y J
(13)
ySG 2 U GMy }G U }vM J

(14) Gy U S} S
xG y Gy
ySGUGU S }G U S
U x U
y
} J x } ySGUGU U Gy ySG U
290
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
J
113
}G U yGGU
U U G H GH G
y }G GUS }x wGGU Sy J (G) (15)

yGGU U U yGGU }G U x S xG
G J
U GH }
U J
(GUH GUH }}, . 2 , . 589 )
SH G U S U
xG} U vG, }G, S
S GUG } U H U | SH
U }}H , wG GU U GG
SH U U U U {} }.
291
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U U H J
114
H
}G U yGGU
U G G U
SG }G U GU U
} } S} | !
y S}
U }- }G } GxZ U y U y , U
S y U G GGy
U Gy S
y S} GUG U y J
U S} | U U U SG }G
U }- GUGU U GU U U
} zGG GUG
G }
Uy ,
GGU S U U }- GUGU v (

USy)
S }GzGGU yGGU U y } Sy U y
U }GU} GU , S
4 S} | y3 U }- GUGU } SGU U
GGU S U S U , }
GU U SG }G Gx
U wG U U
292
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
}G U yGGU
115
}G U GU}
G G GU G GU U U
GUG | J }- GUG U U y U
} }y
xG
^
J GU U y3 }U}}
x SG }G
U U, } S
x v U } GG
wG } , GU} , ! H U }-
GUGUH H U S }G x SGU J SG }G
U GU U U GU G S U
}- GUGUH } G U H G x, S U GSH U } U
12
Hx x GU S SH} |
}- GUGUH } }G x SGU H G J
H U} U GUG G}
H S H GUGUH } H
H U U} } H }
}H U S H G GUGUH } H
293
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GGU J
116
}G U yGGU
G G U G U H U
} S G !
H } U U U SH} | U U
GHS , } }} SwG } U S S
U S }G v | J } S
U U SH} U S U U }-
GUGUH } GGU SH U S SGU U S G GUH
} J } | H {
SH} U S U S GH} }- }UG
GUG } U GU} }- x } GG
U U H }- GUGUH } SGU U G
U, SH} | zGGU U S H,
GGU SH U }G } } }- GUGUH H SH}
294
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
117
}G U yGGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
S{ U SG } U GU U x } , SGU
GGU SH U G} } G U -wGS U }
}} U U GH U, S }}
U H wG G U } UGU HS , } GUGUH
G } U S GU U U } }G
30
U }- GUGUH } SGU U H } U, } |
U H J } }} U SGG U H wG
xGxG U G U, U S }- GUGUH U S
} U H Gx U G , GU},
}} U GURU } U
SGG
x J U }- GUGUH S GUxG U }
U G SU , G H } G S
295
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
118
}G U yGGU
U U G H G H G
G U G x, v U } } }}
U S U SU H
U G H ! } GUG }S S } U GU} }
}- GUGUH } wG S J U } S G H
U }G 30 U H GGU SH U S }- GUGUH
} SGU x J
} } GUG U
xG} } U
GUGUH } H
U U U
G} H
GUGUH } H
H U UHU H }G S
G H
S H G
GUGUH } H
296
U
GGU
SS
87
41
1
}G U GU}
(G-GU)
(((G G U vG)))
} G U U }G
S SH }......
}GU U H G
G} U G G U H LU ?
U U Un GU
H xG } zGH G U 4 }- UH
v }GU U }GGU ?
G }} HU } G H U H }SH
GU H......
297
}G U GU}
}GU U }G
U U G H G H G
G U SG G GU
J
U} ! H (24 GGUG) }U}}H G

H,
U GU wG Hx J
(G-GU)
}GU U }G
M GU U GUGH
2 U G , G ,}G G}
U GU} }xG GU , }
U H GH GU U | U
U UxGG U GUH} H ,
U } } } G } U M
U G J
298
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
}GU U }G
wGG M U G H U S H J
H --U GH - U
} 101 } GU} :
--} UGH } :
} G} } GU U }
x U }GG GUS
G. x } U
UGU } G x, U UzGGU
} H } J
LH GUGH GG GH} }H }G}}

G }g }
GU} ,GGU UzGGU GUS
U H G , GG H }
GG G} GUMGU G}
GG U,
U } } } , U } v GUS U ? GU},
U } | G } U } }
299
}G U GU}
}GU U }G
U U G H G H G
G U SG G GU
J
zG U J GG U}, }S},
}, H }G}
GU} U } H H
U GGU -GU
} U -GU GUH U J
}}H }} GG - G gGU
GU} , }GG 2 vG GUG U x
U U }
GU}
4 GUG U x GU U }GG H GUG G

x J
GG GH G}
, H
U G, G H
}GG GU U 2 vG }GU GU} U}

x G 2 vG U} x }x }
300
}G U GU}
GU SGG GU
| J
}GU U }G
} M U G H G H G
2 4 U J
-G GU U }GU
G }GU wG G 57 }H (vG
92
UH }) U GUH U U }GU}
GU} }-H x x J
(}HwGG
GU -G, . 8, . 270 , G GU }UGH H H)
}GU U x ?
}GG GU }GU x U }GU
U Gv} vG U S U
} , x } x H U H
| GM U U }
H
| J
301
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
}GU U }G
G U } U
J
Gy} U }GH
} U {
GGU Gy} x U }GG } (
) GGU Gy} J
GU U GU
GU x }
H H U H
x GM U }
H xG
x U x U} U H xG }
, xG UH GM J
GU x U U} U H }-H
GUS, GG U }, G UU U x x
}
H GM J x
GU U } GUH J
302
(G, . 600 )
}G U GU}
}GU U }G
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
GG U G GU U
}GU U H G
GU U H | GM U H
U ( vG 92 UH }) UU
x 2 U ( 92 UH } U}) U
UH U x U U |
( 92 UH }) U} U S } U
}GU
| G U 3
U U GU U }
H , x U U
}-H 2 U
U U U} U U
U U U U x 3 U U
}
H }GU J
( G, GS : 4, . 77, }-H }< H GU)
G U GUS}
G U 2 GUS}
(1)
303
G SH :
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
}GU U }G
U U UG U U } H G J
x U U U Hx
U U H U x J
(2)
G GU} : x U }GU
G U U J
G GU} GH U
G GU} G GU} U GH U
U x U U x
U H x G J
2 U } }GU GU J G GU}
G SH GU GH J
GU U 2 S
U x U 2 S U }GU GU
S x U ,
GU H S x }GU H x
304
}G U GU}
}GU U }G
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
x S U wG U } U U x-G
GG J
}GU U U }GU
}GU vG U }GU U S
} } 15 U U
H vG 3 U ( vG 92
UH }) H U x 3 }GH ( vG 92
UH }) U U H
}GU x xH } J
GU G ?
GU G U} U H G U} U H
GH }GU U GU} x J
305
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
}GU U }G
UG U G U } U G }
U U Un GU
} H H U x U
GU U U G , GU} H U
G xG U S }H
S U G }yG ( U G
) U G U } x J G U U
}yG U H U U } G}H
U J x U | U (
}yG) }GU} }GU, x }GU} U
| }GU} } x }GU }GU J |

}H} 3 U ( vG 92 UH })
U GU G U U GUS U, H G
x H U U Gv} U H U
U }H J
306
}G U GU}
10
}GU U }G
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
U} x H x !
}GU U U} U H G U G }
2 4 13 14 U ,
U U} x H x, 2 } x
UH UH U xG | }GU ,
}G GUS G J
G U GU U }SH
G U xG }G} U 3 (vG 92 UH
}) G U G J HxG
} ( } xH) U | GU U U,
} } HxG }G } U G M J
G, }GU (GUH HxG HGU) }G}
(GUH yG}) U GU U U J }GU HxG
U Gv} } J
}G} U H GM U
307
}G U GU}
11
}GU U }G
U U G H GH G
GU SGGGU
J
wG GUGU, U, xG }} J
( G, GS : 4, . 84, }-H }< H GU)
G U H }U
G U H x Hx
}U ( G U H U ) U H G
SH x H 3 }GH J (vG
92
UH }) }U U
U GUS G x }U G U
H G G x }U GU Gy} x
}G G J
( G, GS : 4, . 84 , }-H }< H GU)
G }}HU } G H U }SH
UH U xG U H U Hx H
} }U }U }GUH J U
}wG }g U
VISA
J (}-H G } }
308
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U U H J
}GU U }G
12
H
U G G U
G G H U G }H ) G
GG }wG GU} U U 3 H U
G } U U G J U G }G
}g U H }H HG H | x
U } } }SGUH GU} U U
GG wG U 100 H U }
U G SH U J | GU Hx
GU} U GU} U U x J }-H
} U U H SH}
U }- GUGUH } GGU H
vG 150 UH } GUG } U LH GHGU

G U | GU wG U J
} U x U }GU}
15
G GU} U U x }GU U
GU} x J x G GH
STOOD)
15
(UNDER
G GS
309
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
13
}GU U }G
G G GU G GU U U
} xGx }GU} x J x U U
GG U U }U}}H 15 } , vG
GU vG -G GU U GG x H
U }GU x U
}G GUS U x J U U }H
H U H , }U }U U Hx H
G xG GU} U G } J
G } U H GM }SH
GU} U U }x U GH
U x GG }-H G
U x GH GH G} U } MG U
}vU }GGG} } U U
U U G U U ( 15
U }Hx U)
GH GH G} } GU
( 9 U) G-GU GU U GM x U U
310
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GGU J
14
}GU U }G
G G U G U H U
( 15 }H) }vU }GGG} } vU U
? } GU U U GG J
U GUG 15 G
}vU }GGG} } U , x G xGH U
15 U } } G U H
x | }GU J
G} U G G U H LU ?
G} U G U xG GU G G U H
LU U U | }U } VISA U }g U
xG GU U U G U }g
Gy} vG x } }GU} U x
U H }GU} U GU} x J x G
}GU} x J H
U | x 92 UH }
G GUH U GU U x H
UH }GU x
U GU} U U J }-H U wG US
G} U VISA }vU }U}
x,
VISA U }g Gy} vG | }vU GU } }GU}
}GU} U GU} J x }-H g
GU } }
x
311
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
15
}GU U }G
wGG M U G H U S H J
xG GU G , }x }GU , U U x
}vU }U}
U | }GU
x, U }G GUS U x J x
VISA }H x GU} U U U J
! GU U GHGU G U GH,
xG GU } G U GU U GHGU G
G J } GU H GG }} H
}H }} G} G G
GU} :
}G ( G) } G () GU G }
} }H ( GU U GH GU G
U) G U G G H U H U
G J (GU -G . 17 , . 370) HG
xG VISA U U U | } U } G U
H LU G J xG GU G G G U H
LU } U} G H U U (
) H
H
U U} U wG U J
GUS
}GU U }G } GUS U 4
vG H GUG U G U GGU } vG }G
GUS G GU U GUG
312
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
16
}GU U }G
wGG M U G H U S H J
x H vG zGH x }x xx GG
U GGU U U U HG U 2
vG GU U GUG }G
zGH x x 3 vG U U
GU} U U H GUG GH x }x GU}
LUG U G U x 3 U } U
GUG x H 2 U } GUG
U }G GU x J
GUS U H 4 U { H ....?
}GU GUS U 4 vG GUG U
{ H U 2 H} U }G
x J GG }GU} vG GUG U x 2 vG
GUG U U H} U U | }G
x JUGU-GU GU}
GU} , }G }
vG U GUL U GM v
U G} GH J } }G U }
GG vG J
313
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
17
}GU U }G
U U G H G H G
}GU }} }GU} }vG

vG LS U H U G | U }}
U }GU} }GU }H} wG }G MG U
vG }H} }, HG }} U U
MG U vG }GU G U MG
} U }G U U }GU} SH} |
}G U H } }GU J
MG }
H U U | } U U Hx vG
} | }H} J x }} U }GU
G }G U H H }SG J
}GU} }v G GU 2 vG
GUS H }G } }GU }} U H} U U
}GU} }vG GU }G U
GUG U 3 4 vG } -H GUG G U
G G J
(}HwGG G, GS : 4, . 82, }-H }< H GU)
314
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
G | J
18
}GU U }G
} M U G H G H
v }GU U }GGU ?
} GUS U G x, GGU
( ) U GH } }GGU }
U GH } G x J
}G U GMGU U S H
xG } zGH G U 4 }- UH
1
M (M } x
}GU GUS U ) (}-H
H U, , x } | zGH G v
} SvGH GUH GUH LG ) G
U ( xG) LG U
{ } x { } }G G
MG U vG | GUH U GGU }
G U ( xG) {
GGU } LUG U
(GM U) U S LUG U S
315
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
19
}GU U }G
G U } U
J
J ( LUG U H GU U, U H
H xG
G U)
} x }H U } GUH
LG U GUG U }GGU GUH G x J
2
x } H x
(xG) zGH G U J
M }G LG U G
G } H x U
U U J
H xG } H GG -G GUG GU
}} ~ G zGH
U G H U
G} H U U U
x GG U } G
U x }}U GUH M G U U
| }}U J
316
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
}GU U }G
20
GG U G GU U
}GU 3 vG U H G ...?
x }GU GUS H }G U 3 vG
MG U U 2
(1)
GU
GU G U U U 3 vG U
U H U U H} U
x H G G H} U | }G
x }x U J x 3 vG U U
H U vG }H U U U }G
}U}}H U G 2 vG zGH } x (2) GU
G U xG G x U 3 vG U
U H U U H} U
x 3 vG U U H GUG GH x
U vG }H U U U }G }U}}H
U 4 vG zGH } x J (2 vG GUG U |
G}} GU )
317
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
21
}GU U }G
U U UG U U } H G J
GU } GUG }G
GH GU} } H GUG }G GU } |
G x GU } GUG H GUS H }G }GU}
U | GUS G x J
GH xG} }
GUG
}xGGU
SH G U S U
xG} U vG, }G, S
HS }H xG } }U--H } U G
U SH vGS} U U S U}, xU U
S GGU } U H U |
SH U }}H , wG GU
U GG }GH U } vGGU vGGU H
H U S | SH U U U
U {} }.
318
}G U GU}
22
}GU U }G
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
GzGG |H U GG
GU GzGG GU U} U GG} , }x
GzGG U , }x G} | U
J zG G UG G GGUG U U G U} G U} U
HG} H U H U J GzGUG G -}GH }U U
}
G GS GUH GUGU }H U H }GH
vU U U GH
H xGzGH U
U |H , G GGU G
HG J G U | |H U H
|H U x U J
1
GU U U |H x G
GU} { x J
GU} }SGGU
2
} }} U } G G U x U U }
} U | } }S UH
} }} U x } G G U x }
G x U U } U GU U U
319
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
23
}GU U }G
UG U G U } U G }
U U |H J
3
4
wGG GU G U |H GU} U
H G H UG U }H J
GU} U } }} U x U H
x U } U U UG U
U U U |H J
H GG, }} H , }} G} G
G
GU} , G U
G }} wG
x GU (GzG G GU U) U
- }G ( U
U x ) GUGU H G
GGG J }G GU} , U U U
G Gz
G G U G } U U
U }G ( U x)
GGH G GU} { UG
J
(GU -G, . 23, . 645, 647)
320
}G U GU}
1
87
41
U
GUU
U
GGG
GUG}G
SS
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
(G-GU)
(((G G U vG)))
GUG }G U GGU
S SH }......
GU } x U H
U Lv
GGUGU G}} U G U GU
}-GH
G } GUG G}
GUG G} U GGU
}G U GU
GU U -G GH
U U U ?
GU H......
321
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG }G U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
G H U H (34 GUG) }U}}H G

H
U GU G Hx J
(G-GU)
GUG }G U GGU
M GU U GUGH
2 U G , G , }G G}
U GU } }xG GU , } M
U G H G , G } G }
S M U G U S H U x } GGU
x J
322
}G U GU}
GUG }G U GGU
} M U G H GH G
GU SGG GU
| J
GUG U H U G
U }G GUG U H H U }
30
-H }G U } 4 5 } :
--} UGH } :
}G U G
}G |H J
-H }G U } 5 U } GG
vGGU
x H
} SGU U U }
GU}, ( } Hx ) }G vG xG U G J
U }
} H U GU ,
LG, L
GGU GG }H }G}} }
GH G}
GU} , } } U H
} GGUU U wG G } |
323
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG }G U GGU
G U } U
J
}x J U }G GUG U H U }SGGU J
( G, GS : 3, . 7, }-H }< H GU)
GG }} }G}} G} G
GU} , U x U } } U U }
H , x } G H | U x}
H Hx U U }G } S
U vG U GUG U U G }x U
U } x G
U J
UH U G
U } }, }vU }U }
G U}
2 wG ( H
GU},
}UH
) }
} G }GUg } H J } U U
wG H U U wG G
324
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
GUG }G U GGU
GG U G GU U
U UH , UH
U U U J } GU U
U ? GG U, x GU H
H (}G }G U ) GU GG U, U
H wG
GU U U G GUG }G U vG
U G U GU} U x J
} } SH} | ! GU U U
U U xGzGH |H H H
G S U
G GU U }G U H H U
H }GU} G J U }G GUG U H
U G U GG GU U U GUG }H-GG J
GU } x U H
U wG U GU x J zG U U
325
}G U GU}
GUG }G U GGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
H U GU} U H GU } x x
GUS U H UH U H U
GU H ! U H H H }G U }
, U U GU } x U H |GU !
GU }^ H }
} U ,
}} ! } U
}H U ? H, v ? GG U, }
U GU } x U H |GU ?
U } | Hx U, zG ! }G
} S U U }G GUG U U G U J
} } SH} | ! GUG U H U
wG G }G
G U v } x !
x }G G |H .....?
H, , U G,
G}, }G H GGG

GU}, }G |H
326
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
GUG }G U GGU
G G GU G GU U U
G H U U vG J
GU-GU U}
GU} , }
|H }G GUG x U GUG G GUG H
GUG U x }x x
vG }vM vG G H G }vM J
} } U }Hx ?
H U } }G GU GUG
U } U }Hx J G} } }
GU H GG, }} H , H },
GG}H --U, GG}H }, }G H,
}g }H, G} , }G G, GH}
G, GGU, G G --U, GG GH}
}H G H GGUG H GU }} G}
327
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
U U G H G H G
GU -G, 8, GUG
G G
161
GUG }G U GGU
GU} , U }H H
U wG } J
U G GS }
}G U vG GH U x U
vG UH x }G GUG x GUyGG xx
U x GG } x H }
U GU } wGH vG H | U G
U U v GS U x } xG G
328
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG }G U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
xGH U x vG } Hx J
( G, GS : 4, . 42, }-H }< H GU)
U x
} } SH} | ! wG, GRU GURU
U }GGUH G | }G xG } U
x U U x }G GU GUG U
UGU }S } GU} U
U GUH } SH} | x H }
H} H G H }x U
G G | U U } Hx
G U UU}U , 2 GS
GM G G J GU-GU U}
GU} , U G U }G x
H GM G U x }}G J
329
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
GUG }G U GGU
U U G H G H G
, GUG H G U GU
G U U Gv} vG } H U
U J
vGU Gy} U
G}H } H GUG J
Gv} U H } U G G
U U U H G}H H G UH
J
vG U x G}
{ H }G G U G U J
}x }G GU, }G G }
vG U H} U HG} }G x J (
G, GS : 4, . 42, }-H }< H GU)
H GG -G
}G GUG U wG x , GUG U U
GU G G H | U G
}vG H
G U x }GGU x J
vG GG U GUG G
330
}G U GU}
10
GUG }G U GGU
} M U G H G H G
GU SGG GU
| J
H U U xG U U }G
U G}} U G | GU
x G U ?
GG G
U H, , U G,
G} }G H G GG
GU}, U x GU} U U H
n ( }GGU) U H U GG J
U 3 Lv
LH GUGH GG GH} }G}} G}g
GU} , U 3 Lv
}
GU }
(2)
(3)
(1)
GG} U J x x GUH
HGU U HGU | HG} J }-H U H

( }G U U H) U U H }G U GUG
| HG} J
(GGH GGU, . 12, G U}, })
331
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
11
GUG }G U GGU
G U } U
J
U }G U H x
U }G G |H x
}H} U U x |H U
H J ( G, GS : 4 , . 43 ) ( xx x)
! x H vG x U G
xGH U }G Gx J
UG U vG x n !
} } SH} | ! wG } Hx
H U }G U H x U
U} J SH} U }- }GH } GU U H
}} U x } Hx UH ,
} , }G GU U H x U
}} U GS }GUG U J } Hx
} U GG GM U U }} U G
J GU : U SH} | } (x }
332
U)
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
12
GUG }G U GGU
GG U G GU U
, } SH} | }x GU GU U vG }
Hx U xH xG J U G } U U U U
} | | | Hx Hx }x
GU U J } U G G xGS U
U }} , } }G U H x U
U} } LU H J G } U }
Hx GGU UH G H xH U vUG
xG}G G } U Hx, |
| | Hx H } G x U
} xH G} xG U GG U G} }
-wGS M J }H} U xG }xGU U
} Hx J G xG }xGU U | GU H
G UH } }G H } }xGH
SH} , GGUG , }G U H
333
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
13
GUG }G U GGU
U U UG U U } H G J
vG } G U U } GHH G J x
U }} U } Hx U
G G U U }GGU }x H
GS G U GU U }} }G U H
x U }GHGU U J U U } x
J x HGUG }G | wG U
U }G , U } vG } U
GU U U GG U }G U H } U
J } } | G GU xG U GH }GUG G }GH
}U U }GGUH } SU S}H U H U
| } G U H, }G, wG
H U G U G J
GGUGU G}} U G U GU
GGUGU G}} U GH GM , } SHGU
}G-}H } G }GG U J GH
SH} GG }} }G}} xGG H
334
GU}
}G U GU}
14
GUG }G U GGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
, GG }} G} G}H
G} } UUwG U H GG G} GH
U J U
} U
H J U S SzGS GU}, }U U
U GU H U } x Hx U GU } (
GU U ) U x G GH U }}
U xG x J } } U G U U }
}} U S x U !
Hx | G GH U U
xG U }} U S x U J
GUG U H
U G}} GUG }G U G
}x H U GM
U GU} U G G J HG U | U
GU U vG }H } GUG G U
U J
335
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
15
GUG }G U GGU
UG U G U } U G }
U GUG U
GUG }G U G Hx ( H U
GU S |) U G U (}-H }
U U U } U GUU GUG x } GUG G} U
xG) x U G | }vM G} x
HG x Hx U }x } ~ GUG
U v GU U H J
}-GH G } GUG G}
-}GH }U U G }G } G Hx
}G GUG G} G } U G} | U
GUG U }G x }GG GH J
}GUS
GU}H }} GG }zG G} G
GU}
, }-GH G U G GS U } 12
336
}G U GU}
16
GUG }G U GGU
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
vG zGH 2 2 vG U G J vG
} -H GUG U U -H U 3

U -H GUHGU -
G J U GU U GU }G GUG U
U G x J U GUG U U x
}GGU
x GUG }G }GGU x
G x J
(SH} Gx, . 105)
G} | U GUG U G
U| }G G GUGU
GUG G} G HxG
vG }G U G Hx G HxG |
}H} GG } G 9 H U G}
} 12 H U G} }G U G Hx J
(}wG G G GU -G, . 8, . 154 , G GU H)
337
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
17
GUG }G U GGU
U U G H GH G J
GUG U }
GUG G} } | U U U H }} G
U H U }} G U }G GG GS, }xG
G J
GUG G} U GGU (G-GU)

GUG G U 20 vG , 2 GUG GU U,
4 G, 4 GS, 3 }xG, 4 G U 3 ~ J
GG U, }-H H GU }
GUG U U J }G } GG
U J U GUG }G U H
x | U G LUG } 3
3
U x
GU U U U J }x } GG U }G
} LUG } vG
338
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U U H J
18
H
GUG }G U GGU
U G G U
U MG U
U }}
Gy} U U vG LUG J GG } |
U J U wGGUGU GUG U 3
4 vG } H G} GU U x GUGUG
3 U U LUG U H J }x ~ U 3 vG }
H G} GU 2 GM G J wGGUGU
U GU G }
G U
2 M G U x GU,
U U H} U J 4 wGGUGU U ~ U 3
vG } G GU U x
3
U U GUGUG U
U J
(}HwG G G GU -G, . 8, . 157, G GU, H)
}G GUS U GUG
x GH GU U GUG }G GH GU} } Gx
339
}G U GU}
19
GUG }G U GGU
G G GU G GU U U
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
GUS Gx GH GU} U GUG }G GU } GUG

Ux Gx GUS Ux J
G} < U }G
wG
} x U SH} H
G} < U }G U GUG }
H G} SH} } }G U GUG
J
U U vG }G
(MIDWIFE) }G Gx U } U
, }G GUG U U H GG J
U x GU vG Gy}
x GH } | U } }G G GUG
Gx xx x J
U }
U U U vG }G G }x
340
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GGU J
20
GUG }G U GGU
G G U G U H U
U G } | U } U
G }GGU J GU }G U GUG G J
}G U }G U }GGU ?
}G | }G G U x
GH 6 vG U GH } }G GU
U GUG J
G} | U }G G
U }G } vG U }} G}
U }G U U G
U GU GS U G }} vG
| G ~ } GU G U 3 U GU U
U, U U }H U 4 J
341
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
21
GUG }G U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
GUG U HzGG U |H x ?
H GG }} H }H G}
G G
GU} , } G-H} G GU}
, GUG GUG 2 GG J
(GU -G, . 8, . 161, G GU }UGH H H)
GUH U x GUG G} G
GUG }G GUH } vG zGH
G G U U H GUG G U GG}}
H
G 12 vG }vU U
G J
GU GS U GUH G U
}G GU GS U }} GUH U
}vM (G}) GUS x GH }S ,
}G xG U HG} J }-H G GGU
U GUH }G U MG U U G
H, x GU GS U v J
342
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
22
GUG }G U GGU
U U G H G H G
GUG U H U vG }G G} } Gx
GG} x J }x GHG xGM GH U
vG }G G U U vG } }G G J
G U 4 v U ?
x G U GUG H G H 2 vG
U U vG GUH
U U H GG
GU} ,
G U H 4 GUG H G
GUG U }G G ( )
U G G U G vG G GU J (}HwGG
GU -G, . 8, . 148, G GU, }UGH H H)
GU U v U ?
G x GU U }G GU U
xG G }H J }x H} U U
G G , GHG zG U U} G U}
} H U GG U U G H U }SG J
(}wGG G GU -G , . 7, . 424 , G, GS : 4, . 12 )
343
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
| J
23
GUG }G U GGU
} M U G H GH G
v }xG U vG G ?
}xG U }G U vG xGL zG
vG G J vG }GU} G U
G }-H H } U } G}H
GU U vG U }GGU }xG U vG U} G U} U
18 } J GU-GU U}
GU} ,
G ( H ) U }xG }
} H ( ) }SG 2 vG G
U G }vM G xG GG GU }G xG
G U, U xx }vM G} J
U H GG }} H }H
G} G G
GU} , ( }xG)
U vG }SG U U wG G ,
U U (G G U GH)
| }U }vM (G}) J
(GU -G, . 5, . 153, G GU, H)
344
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
24
GUG }G U GGU
G U } U
J
GS G H vG xG }vU
U GUG J
G U GUG U v Gv} ?
G GU U GUG ,
}G x U GUG U | H
x zGH x, G U GHGU x J
}G U GU
U GU
}G} U GM }G-HG GU}
} U G} }H} U U } 9 H G
U H 12 H } U H HxG U UH
J GU H } G Hx U U
}g U ( }G}) }G G ,
U }G G U G}} GUG U GU J G
G G Hx H J U HxG U G}
U GU }} G} U G Hx H J GU
}G U U --GU GU~G G U J U --GU
345
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
25
GUG }G U GGU
GG U G GU U
GU~G U }vG vG 2 UH 50 x} x U
U GU} J U U }G GUG
U ~ J }-H 2 UH 50 x} x U
GU} 12 M U U }G U 72 M 30
U 2,160 M 12 } U vG 25,920 M
J U } 50 H U }G GU GU
U U H 12,96,000 M G U x J G
wG GU} G U U SGG (GGU)
, U H G-H} U}
-G GH
GU} J }-H 30 U }} }G U
GU U 2,160 M U GUGU (GUGU }SU
U GU GUG } 32 }H-GG GU}) U }U U
, 30 U }G U GU x J
GUGU GU} H U U ( GGU } )
GUG U U U GUGU U 30 U }G U
GU U GUG } U U }HU J
GG H U U }G U GU x J
30 U GU} U GG
346
}G U GU}
26
GUG }G U GGU
U U UG U U } H G J
GU SGGGU
GH U G } U H }H J x
HGUG
50
H U GU U GU} } U
H U U } U} x J G GU~G U GU} U G
| x U } | Hx x J GG GU G | U
--GU GU~G
}G U GU
U U G U | GGU GU U
U J xG } | GU U GH U U J x
- }G} U H G}H U } U
G S } x, GG } H |
GUG U G x - | U
}SGGU x J G Hx }S xG } U GU U U
SG U } U } H U } }G} U }}
}G U GU U U xGHG GU} J
(zGH U H : GU -G, . 8, . 168 , G GU, H)
}G} U GU U U }SH
G U G GG x }H} GU
347
}G U GU}
27
GUG }G U GGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
}H} } 3 , 9 U }G
}SS U }x G}H }g G}H U }
} GG U SS U J G U G
GU x }H} G}H U }SS
U }H} U U GU H
GUH (U} U}) } G U vG J }}U U
U } U GU U J
(}wGG G GU -G, . 8, . 154, G GU, H)
100
UG U GH
} } SH} | ! }G U GU U GH }
GGU H J GH -G U G GU
G GUvG G-GU U } U } } J
GG
U } U G} }
U G }G }
U G}
G-G} } G G
GU} U } LS U 100 UG }Mx GG

H
100 H U G } U
Gv} GU} J GU U } :
348
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
28
GUG }G U GGU
G G GU G GU U U
--} UGH
} :
GU} U } U G
H U } GU}
G J
GH}x } GH U U }SGUH U
} UH GH GH}x UH GH }
: GH U U GGU } } U GH
GU U H U }vM GH
H U U } G} GHH U GH
U H J GUS} U GH U G U HH
H
U GU} :
--} UG H } :
GU} U } U G
H U } GU}
G J
U U U ?
GH U G U HH }H-GG GU}
GG GH G
, U U GG - GG
349
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
29
GUG }G U GGU
U U G H G H G
-
} U -GUH x J
GG -
GU} U }
x GU }H }
U U GG Ux J
H
GG H
U GG
} GHHH
U G}
} | U } G U J GG -
GG U,
} GU} U v
G H x ? G G } G H H H
G GH U (GG)
U Gv} U (GG)
U U J vG G U U U
G J
x U x U GGU
}}H }} GG - G gGU
U 2 U G, G,
}G G}
U G} } x U x GG
U x, U GG U, x GG -
-GU J GU}
U H -GU
} H G J
350
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
30
GUG }G U GGU
UG U G U } U G }
GU U -G GH
G U GU G U GG -
U -GU U GGU U G
-GU }H x U x x U GGU } -GU
}x U GUG U H U x H }
U x U Gv} H x
-GU J U }SGGU wG GU GUG
} H U U | } U GGU U
}S xG U H U U U }GU }SGGU wG
U U GU , GG x J
GU-GU U}
GU U -G GH U U
GGU GU} , GU U GU} } U G
vGU }S U } } GU U U U }HU
GUGU ( GUGU U }HU U) x J x }
} G U U GGU U GUGU U (GU
U GU} U) }HU U (} }S xG })
GU U, GG 2 U x J
100
zG U }H
} } SH} | ! ! UGU zGU

351
}G U GU}
31
GUG }G U GGU
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
U } }S } | GH - G U GG GU
S}H U U J v U GU GUGU U GGU
} GUGU GUG U H }HU
U, U J GH -G U --U H U
GU | x GUGU | }S } U
U GGU x J GUGU -G U G H U }SH U
} J GH U vG }}U G zG
U } GU} U U U }H J }-H
GH U H GUGU -G U 12 H M GU , GUG U
U | SH} | U GGU J | GUG
} H U U U }HU , |
U U }HU , G H }S
U} U H GH U U H
| U H M -GU U U }Hx
J GG
,
H, , U G,
G}, }G H GGG
GU},
x } -GU x G U
}Hx H U H U } U U}
x J
352
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
32
GUG }G U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
GUGU U GU
GUGU U (HGU) U U U
}x U U
() U
GU }x U G SH ( GM
Gx) } }SxGGU ( ) J }-H U }U,
G U }, U ( SU U) Ux
U G, U UG, G} U H H, xGH}, G}
xGH H U H SH} U U GM
G (}) GG x } ( }vGMG)
( GUG) UH U GU GUGU
x U U v U J
}SU U GU
}SU U U U U
U H U }G U Hx H
U H GHH J GUGU U ( U U} G
U} U U U H U H } ) xG GM
} H G} U H |
353
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
| J
33
GUG }G U GGU
} M U G H GH G
G , H xx x J
} } SH} | ! }H} |U
U} GU U H GM }
G |U }x xx U GH
G U U H GU G
U U }G xx | J
GH xG} }
U
100
UGG
}xGUG
SH G U S U
xG} U vG, }G, S
S GUG } U H U | SH
U }}H , wG GU U GG
}GH U } vGGU vGGU H H U S
| SH U U U U {} }.
354
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
34
GUG }G U GGU
G U } U
J
GU U GH U } SH
SH : GU U GH US GG U ?
: US GUGU -G U S U UH U }H
GU U }HU S }H GUG
U U US | U} (}S U } xG)
} SGU U J GU U S S 2
S U | GGU x J
SH : GU}, -G GUGU S U UH
UH S v } ?
: S S } wGS S -G GUGU
GU SH U U G S G S S
G H J
SH : v UH | }H GU GUG U U S
US | U} } SGU U U wG ?
: , H
x S GUGU G S
355
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
35
GUG }G U GGU
GG U G GU U
G G H U SU J
SH : GUGU -G UH U GU US | U}
} SGU U U G S G H ,
v S S } | -G GUGU U }H GU
GUG U GM x ?
: v U UH U GUG }vUH (
UH U H) U GUG UHx J
SH : GH } GU} H vG S}
U} U H UH wG U }GG GUG
J
: }-SH SH} U GH }
GU} H vG H U, GU}
SH} }S S} U G U} }
G U J
SH : -G GUGU UH U GU H U
356
}G U GU}
36
GUG }G U GGU
SH} U }- U} } SGU U U UH wG
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
US GG ?
: UH U U U }GG GUG , }
H | GU SH U S SH} (
GUH GU ) U U U U
GU} SH} ( GUH GU ) }S
S} U G U} } G U J
SH : SH U vG U U }GG GUG |
?
: GU, GU~G, S-GU } UH wG
H U G v U S } US | }SGGU U
}HU G Hx x GU xG G
SH} U }x GGUGU
SH} H U GU GU~G U UH
J HG SH} } S U -G GH
U S U GGU }GG GUG
U x J S-GU U GH
zGH S-GU UH J
S G GU U H H vG }GG
357
}G U GU}
37
GUG }G U GGU
G G GU G GU U U
GUG , G U U
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
H U S U GU} SH}
}S S} U G U} } G U J
H U US GG | U
S }
GUGU UGU S x
S H S }H H GU} U
SH} U }MGU GGU U U }GGU G
U x, x US U U} } G U
U x GU} G U
H S H Gx J U }GU
}H S H H
S U G G U S J
S H : US GG U x ?
: S H GU} xG S S U
G S G U J
SH : S GG }UH x v U
xG H U H vS
, U S GH H J
358
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
38
GUG }G U GGU
U U G H G H G
: U S } GU} U }
} U S U} } SGU U U
H xG H U J }-SH
}S U H H S }S } G U
GU} H S }S } G
U J
SH : x US GS }S U }
v SH} U x }- U} } G
U SU ?
: U SU J x U x J v
U - G }SH U S } ( U}) U
H H S } G U x J G
U
x x S S U H x
S U G S G U x J
SH : }SH }H} U S x US GU
GU~G xG GH -G U xG }SGU GU GU~G
} G U H S U U v GGU ?
: H GG J S v S ? x
359
}G U GU}
39
GUG }G U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
HGUG US GU GU~G U GU} U xG
GU SGGGU
GH -G xG }SGU GU GU~G } G U
H U S S S | HG}
x J }-SH US SH} U GU
G}} xG GH U GU} }
}S }<S U -wG S GG U U
U} } SGU U S H S }GU GGU U
U }GGU U x x GU}
H U UG U , S U H GUGU
UGU J
SH : S H L U GU xG GH U xG }SGU
} SGU U }SH }H} }x
U H GU} v U ?
: x GUGU -G S
GU U S U S U }HU
U GU U S xGHG S}H
U H }GU GGU U U }GGU
U J
SH : x US S |H U v U v
360
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
40
GUG }G U GGU
U U G H G H G
U S S GU U GH | U SU ?
: x US S }-SH G U U H L
U GU xG }SGU } SGU U G
}H GU U US GUGU - G U }HU
J GUGU - G GUG } H U
GU} S SG U G U , S SG
GUG U H U S GU} U U } }
U | U J
SH : SH} G GU , GU
}SH S GUGU , }G-}H U GH
v ?
: S GU GUG S | GUG U
GU U GM }SH S S GG H H
| GUG U S U GM }SH S J
G}} U U S U GU U
H SH U U G S U |
U J
361
}G U GU}
GU SGG GU
| J
41
GUG }G U GGU
} M U G H GH G
SH : v GH U vG -G GUGU U U SU
U S , } H xG ?
: U J HGUG S U | | GU U
x GH } U GUGU Gx v U S-GU
GU GGU } S GUS} U <G GUG
GUS J H GG, }} H S, }g
}H }H G} G G
GU }
U GH
S GU} , S-GU G GUS S GUS

J
(GU -G, . 10, S. 108, G GU }UGH H H)
SH : GG x GH U U H -G GUGU U GU
H U H v S S U
U} U H H SU ?
: H SU, v U }HU U S
362
}G U GU}
42
GUG }G U GGU
G U } U
J
}H
wG GSH J
(G)
GU SGGGU
SH : S GG U GH US U ? x US
GUGU -G H L U GU H ? S
U U }- GGU GU} J
: S U U GGU U } GU
H GG
GU} , S U
GH GGU U }-SH }H GU S
S20 L S U G }S } SGU U
US GUGU GGUH HxG }SGU GU
U U UG }-SH S S S xGH
U } } }x }zG x S20
L U x, L } } S S x U
} }GH } S U , wG } wG
G x, x U } G
UG xGH }zG x, G -G
U U S L GU S ,
GUG }G-H- S} (
363
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
43
GUG }G U GGU
GG U G GU U
GU} G GUwG U vG G , GUGU S

}G-H }) H H, H G x
U S S S L U S U }}
U x S S}, S SGU S
UG xGH U }} GSH U
Ux U | H U S
GU S U } ( }vGMG) (
GUG H) (GUG) U S S }H
} H
GUGU S U G } U
H SU , L H U G G G S
}S } SGU U U 2 } GSH
J
(GU -G, . 10 , S. 108, G GU }UGH
H H)
SH : } U GGU S GUG }
J
: GUG G S GG U U SG U , G
GGUH HxG U GUGU -G S S U
H L GU U GH U }x G U
364
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
44
GUG }G U GGU
U U UG U U } H G J
GU} Hx S U }-SH U GUH}

U U H L } {
GUH} GUG U H S GG U U H
L U }vMG x, S U U H L
GU U }HU S U S S U
H L GUG U }G-H U J HGUG
| U | H SU J
SH : GH U U H GUGU -G }H v
US SG S U GUGU -G U |
U GH ?
: , S GGU J }-SH G GGUH
HxG U S G SH S G 50000
US L SG S J S U
GUG U SG S
}-SH S U U G~G U U H L }
GUG U H U
GUGU -G x v U x S
365
}G U GU}
45
GUG }G U GGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
50000
} S GU} | |
U }vGMG
x J S U U S | GU U
GU} }-SH S H L GUG
U U S } S GUG | U
GU GU} | US U} } SGU U U H
J | SU U }-SH S GU}
}S U H U S
U GUG }GGU U U S U GU U
GU} GUG U GUG }GGU U
| G J U GUG U x
}GGU U S } G }GU x GH U GU}
H U xG SG S x J v U
GUG U x }GGU U S } S U S
G SH S G 50000 L H U } J
x S U S }G GH U S U }vGMG
}vGMG J
366
}G U GU}
46
GUG }G U GGU
SH : v U U GG GH SU ?
: J U U GG GU SU J
SH : U S G GU} UH U -G GUGU U
GUG } U S S H U U } }G U
} G U S GH GU} J
: -G GUGU } S U } GU} U U
H H U -G GUGU U GU}
GU U } } S S U S U U
} }G U J GU} S U U }
}G x GU x US | U
G U} } SGU U U H US U wG
J S U zGSH H U J
GU} }SGGU
: GGU
U xG U } S
U H H } U G} J
367
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GU SGGGU
46
GUG }G U GGU
U U G H GH G
U }S } H U G } }}G
G }, UG UG , UGG x, G
}G
G , G GH U
U UG}
UG , }S U xH G UGwG
xG G H U G UG} U
H J
( } . 1, . 415, G 750)
( xG U
) U GG xH U }S U H
G} x U GG }UM J Hx
}S U H U U GH
U x Hx UG U H
}S } H - J ( G GS 3 . 92)
}S } xH (
) U }S } } U U H | H U
G } G J U GG UG } H U
| H U x xG U }S } H U
|H U U U} ! UG U U H
U G U ( vG G U U
wGS U UG U }S H
| U UG }S } U H
U U }S U xG G)
19 }GH
368
}U 1426
J
GU SGGGU
GUG
U
SS
G}G

UG
87
1
41
47
}G U GU}
H
U G G U
(G-GU)
(((G G U vG)))
}G G U GGU
S SH }......
* GU......
* U G...
* G U G...
* xG }G G... * wGU H U G...

* UGU U G... * UG UGGU...
GU H......
369
}G U GU}
U U H J
G U SG G GU
GU G }G
G G GU G GU U U
}-
G U G } Hx
}G H
U wG U} J G
}G} U H U H
}GUG G U H }
G U H }G H
} H vG} GU} J
}H U :
}U--H }
Hv , HGU U }S U },
G, G} 370
}G U GU}
GUG U J
GU SGGGU
}G G U GGU
G G U G U H U
G H U H (24 GUG) }U}}H G

H J
U GU G Hx J
(G-GU)
}G G U GGU
M GU U GUGH
U G, G} G-H}, 2 ,
}G G}
U GU} --U ,
} U M GU G H GH
U H U GU G H G UG G G
J
371
}G U GU}
}G G U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
GU SGGGU
H U G } U U --U
U wG GG GUG
G } U J U wG } GG
GUG
U G
U v }G-}H GU} ?
, H
} } G } U U }G
G G H U }xGGU GU} J GG U,
! } | U G } U U }G G
G J U GU UH }x wG U }
}H , xG U } G }
J
GGU } U | }xGGU
GG GGU
372
U GUH
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
}G G U GGU
U U G H G H G
U GU} }
,
wG } U
U v }G -}H
GU} ? , H
} wG
GU}, ! } U U } G }
U U | } wG J } GG U,
} }G U H U | wG J H
U G} }G , GU}, GU}
U } }G Ux U | } wG J
}H , } H U U x
GHGU } wG ,
} } SH} | ! H H
S G G , U GRU G G GH G},
U G 2 U H --U, U }G
373
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
G | J
}G G U GGU
} M U G H G H
U G GU }G } U GGU
GG G J
} | H U}
GGU H U}H GG
GGU
}G J H
U GU } | }xGGU GU} J
GGU }

G
UGU
U G U }G G } U UGU |
}H x GUS U GU U
}GGU U H J UGU U H
GU H J UU }G} H ,
374
! U
}G U GU}
}G G U GGU
G U } U
J
GU SGGGU
}xGGU ( wG U GGU) wG }xGGU ( wG

) G U UGU
! , H GH } |
}xGGU U }} Hx U | } G
U }G G | } U J U
GU GU }^ H H x J
-U G U wG
} } SH} | ! ! U U
}G G } GG U GU G } U J
| }GUG }H U }GUG UH U }} U G
} U U , U U U U
G } }H } H } }xGGU J
G G}
U G} GU U U }
H U }xGGU GU} U G U H
375
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
}G G U GGU
GG U G GU U
U | wG J GG GH
G
U U }, G
GU, GU GU , GUG x
GU}, }} U } U H G
x U U }} -U G U wG
U x J
GU } H GGU
U }, 2 GH} U }HU }wG,
U GU} }xGGU , }}
GU } H U H GGU
U U }G G G H U }xGGU
U J
376
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
}G G U GGU
U U UG U U } H G J
U G
} } GU }- }SGGU
GU} GGU , U wG GU
, H
G GU} U Hx U GG
U G H U H U H
U }G G U J
U U
GG
} GG U , H
x G
}GG
G U H G U , U G v ? H
GH GU}, }x GU U
G U } Hx } U }xGGU UMx J
377
}G U GU}
}G G U GGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
G G
GG
U U U
}, G GU, GU GU , GUG x
GU}, U wG (} U
GUG } U GH U )
G U H, }G G G zG U G U
, U H GUG } GUG
(G) U wG GU G U }G
G U ( GU } U )
U H U GUG J
}G G
G G
GG G xGGU
, } U GH}, }S}, },
GU}, GU U G
H } G}
378
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
}G G U GGU
UG U G U } U G }
U U G U } U H U GU
S} ( } S}) U G G }G
G G U } xG}x U v U xG}x
H
U G} U } U U U}
U J
} U H xG U GUGH
GG }H U, GHH }G
G
U G 2 ,
U }U, G} G-H}
GU} U U } U H, UGU , G
Hx, G , }G G GU G
x U
} U J
(
379
}G U GU}
10
}G G U GGU
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
G U U
GG }HU
GU U wG } U
U
H
U v HU GU} ? U, U UH} U
wG GG GS} xG
G U U U U
G U G U| } x) HG
} | G U U U UH} (U )
U H
} wG J
}G G GUG UGU
}G G GUG UGU U U |
380
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
11
}G G U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
U H GG}} x U G

xx x J
U H }G G , U wG | G H GUG
x J
U GU<G U U UG J
}G G } 2 Lv 3
Lv : (1)
U (2) GU} J
} 3 }vU : (1) (2) M GU

(3)
} U H G J
}G G U GGU (G-GU)
} vG GG U : } U
381
}G U GU}
GU SGG GU
| J
12
}G G U GGU
} M U G H G H G
G U }G U, G H
} U H, }} U J
U , G
}} }vG H U U H v
U GU GS }}H GU U { H G J
}
G, U xG
H v U, U M } G, U
xG H v U G G (}}
v H G U }vG S J GU }}
GU }} }vG S G) G U U H
v U HU U 2 GGU H} U J
382
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
13
}G G U GGU
G U } U
J
HxG } G U G U G
H
wG }
G U } GU
U } GG U
} xG U }
U } G U
} } U }
G U J H
} U G
U SH} G }
} U } U
} } J
383
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
14
}G G U GGU
GG U G GU U
HxG HGU U G :
H
(HGU) U }
H x U } U
H U } H
(U }) vG U}
H U }
GU U H
U GU }G
J
HxG HGU U G :
H
(HGU) U }
H x U } U
H U } H
(U }) vG U}
H U }
H GU U H
U GU }G
J
(
384
}G U GU}
15
}G G U GGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
G U G G
U x }G G G
G} U U GM U
G U G U H G} U U GM
J } UG H GG, }} H ,}H
U H U }
}} G} G G
UG} : x x xG U
U U H U GH }
}G G U }G , GG U
U U }G G U G} H x
U }G } GHH J
(GU -G }G . 9 . 188 )
xG }G G
} U } GM , xG }G G
U J
}SG U }}
} U U } G J
385
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
16
}G G U GGU
G G G U G GU U U
G U Un }G U GGU
G U | G U } wG
U U x U }} U }
GUG J U U U { } U
U U { } U
( GU U)
( G, GS : 4,S. 157 , }-H }< H GU)
G } U GU ?
U G } 3 GU U G U
} , U }G (G) G3 GU G U }xGGU
x J
x UH }
U }} H GU } 3 G
} 2 } U
G } H GU
}} GU zGGH J
386
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
17
}G G U GGU
U U G H G H G
G U }G }H ?
}SGU ( U G v GU x )
GU v }} U H} U U U
x U G xG Gx U GUH
Hx G U U{ U Hx GU v U H G
xG G J
4 v U wG
( U }} H} U) }H
}} U H} U 3 H v
U J
U H} U J
xH wGU H U G
xH HxG H xH
x xH } } GUG U }G
G } Hx U G Gx J
GU U U }G G G x J
387
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
18
}G G U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
} U GU}
}} U v GS
U vG G U } x U xGSH
UGU x U }G Gx, H U
U UG } H U zG U x J U H U
}GGU xGSH UGU }G | U G
x J U GGU v U }vG H U
U J HG x U
}x
U UH H GU x U }G
Gx J U v U }vG U} U J
G } U x x U }
GU} U x J
G U U{ U
G U } , G U H40 G U } H
U H U H U x } x J
G G GU
388
U
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
19
}G G U GGU
U U G H G H G
} , G U U U{ H
Gy} ( }SGUH) }xGGU GU} x J
G U U{ U GGU
G U U{ G
U U x U U{
10 10 GU} H J (G) U H {
U{ U { ( { U GGU) U
U 10 10 GU} H
UH H40 GU} J
Hx G U H } H U , 2 2 GU}
H ! U U H U U U
U{ H 10 10 GU} H J
U G U GGU
U G U x U wG U
389
}G U GU}
GU SGG GU
| J
20
}G G U GGU
} M U G H GH G
H H G U x Hx H
G U ( G U U |) G
U G }}G J
}G G U U }H
wG G U xG }G G
}G U H } ( }
H U S) G H U U zG
U G U G J
v U G U U{ U ?
U G U U{ | U ,
GU } | U } | U J GU
xGSH H GH U U }}--G J
G U xGSH U J
390
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GGU J
21
}G G U GGU
G G U G U H U
UGU U G
} UGU U }G G H G }
G U } U U UG J U H
GG }} G} G G
GU} , x
GU x U U G U U HGU
UGU x J x G} J G }
GU}, x UGU U G U H
U G x x x U H } H
H U wG H U } }G U
} H J
(}GUG GS L}, S. 359, G} U}, }GUGH H, H)
UG x !
G}G U } UGU U }G
G G G} GUyGG G} G
U } UGU U }G G G
391
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
22
}G G U GGU
G U } U
J
}xGGU U }SGGU U U G }}
U UG | x, SH}
UG U J
(}HwGG G GU -G, . 9, S. 173,
G GU }UGH H H)
H --U GH -
U }
84
} GU} :
--} UGH } :
} U U } U|
}G G U GU
G U H
H }U GUSGU
(UG ) } } x J
LH GU GH GG G H} } H
} G} } G} g }
U G
GU } : U UGU U G
U }G U GH } G UGU U GU
zG G U H G | }} G J
(GGH G GU S. 321, G U}, })
392
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
23
}G G U GGU
GG U G GU U
UzGGU U
G } U
GG GH
U }vU }U}, U } }
GU }, U x } G
, } G } GG J
GH xG} }
G}
xG
G U
J
GUG
}xGGU
SH G U S U
xG} U vG, }G, S
S GUG } U H U | SH
U }}H , wG GU U GG
| SH U U U U {} }.
393
}G U GU}
24
}G G U GGU
786
GU SGGGUHxGU
}
U U UGG G
U U }
H
J
GGUH
GU SGGGU
92
U U H U GU
H U
}G} U GGG G GU} J }G} x

Gx } U| U H G GG -HGU U
U }GGU U ,
}G} U | |H x
U | }Hx J x U H U }G-}H
}G} U } U J }G G U
U GGU | H J } U G U
}G U H
U, G } U H
}} U J x GUG U G
, U H } GM U } } U
}G G G }} GG H v U
U U U H v U GU GS
}}H GU U { H G J 2
}} G H v U xG H
v U U }G H M } G J 3
}} G H v U xG H
v U HxG U G U G G (x HxG
HxG U G G U H U )
4 }} G H v U H
v U U U H U HU }}
G U GUG U }GGU H} U J
394
}G U GU}
G U
GUU
}
G U
SS
GGG
1
41
25
G
U
U H
SGSxG
GGU GU U J UG U G U } U G }
U H xGGU J
(((G G U vG)))
GUG }G
S SH }......
S U H S GUG G
200
SH U G U S
xGSH }G U vG......
xG U G.....
MG }G .....
H G U
G
S G S U G U
S...
GU H......
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
GUG }G
UG U G U } U G }
G S Hx }x H
(41 GUG) G U } G U J
GUG }G
}G U M GU G U GUGH
U G, G} G-H}, 2 ,
}G G}
U GU} --U ,
} G }G 2 M U G U
200 H U x }GGU x J
396
}G U GU}
GU G }G
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
} } SH} | ! } U G U
H --U GH
G
U GU } }-GH }U U } GUG
GU} J zG ! } GU }G GU U | G}
U GG xGzGH } xG J GH U }G } G ,
}G U , }G U G } U x
Hx , }G U GG U G H,
}G U G GU} U GG x, }G
U G } H G }} U Ly
GG GU }GGUG J }GUS GU}H }}
GG }zG G} G
U GU} U }GGU,
}G U G U
G U ,
}G U U U U
x J
}, . 2, S. 323,325) (
U U
397
(}HwGG
GU G HG)
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
J
GU G }G
U U G H GH G
}G U G x U GG (|)
70 x J
(G, 236)
}-GH }U U UGGH U v U ! H
}G U } U U , -H }G
GH GU} U GU U} U 28 } x}x
J H --U GH -H }G U
} 9 } GU} :--} UGH } :
} H ! }G U
G } G U
H U GRU U GGU G
G GUwG G ,
} H x
} J
398
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U U H J
GU G }G
4
H
U G G U
GU H }G U GU} ?
G }g }
GU} , GG U},
}S} }
U } G GU H 12 GH H G 2
} ( GU) U U vG }GU} GU }
GU} GU} J 2 } ( GU) } (}xH)
} ({) } (}) GU} GU}
}S U J G }G } G U GG}
GU}, H} GGU U G } }G U
vG x U Hx }S J U }
}, }vU }U}
UG} GyG GU} J
}G
(GH GUG, S. 667 , H)
| x }S }G
399
}G U GU}
GU G }G
G G GU G GU U U
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
GU} G GH --U U H U G
U GUH U J
} xx
(x }) U | }S GU U G
J
} } x G GU HU
U| H U U
}G U }
}GUS GU}H }} GG }zG G}
G
GU} , U } }} }wGHGU
} }}G (Un) U v}H GGU G

GG } GUH
U }^
}G G } Hx }G U }G
}G U J }G U J SH}
400
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GGU J
GU G }G
G G U G U H U
H H G M U J
(}, . 2, . 317)
SU UH U }G GU} ?
U}, G U G } }G G G }
vG S500 }G G H U
}G MG U H
U G Gx GU GS } }G
J
(}, . 2, . 346)
H }
H
G
U }G, xG, }GG GH

U GU} G , wG 3
}G (U }G) S U G H
} U x J
401
U H
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GU G }G
wGG M U G H U S H J
}G GUG G U GU<G G GG
}vU ( U) U }U UGU J
}G U G}} U GUGH
U }, G GU, GU GU ,
GU x
U G} , U
H GH U GU }G U G}} {
H M | J
GU GH
GG G} GG}
U U GU}, wG }G U
G U H GH } UH U GU
GH U J
402
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
GU G }G
U U G H G H G
S U H S GGUG
LG, L
GGU } H } GH
G}
GU} : G U } , }G
U G G H GH U }G U
H }GGUG x 3 G 10
U J
U } | U
}G U G G} x x x J
(
, G GS : 16, S. 195,
}-H }< H GU) G} G
}G
U zGGH J
GGU } x U S
LG, L
GGU GG }H }G}}
GU} , }G U
} GH G}
G }SG x G G x }G
403
}G U GU}
GU SGG GU
GU G }G
} M U G H G H G
U G U U G G v U G
U G x GGU U J
( G, GS : 4, . 195 }-H }< H GU)
GU wG S U } H
U }, G GU, GU GU ,
GUG x
U G} ,
}G U }S U G GU
H U H , H U H H ,
H wG U GG H GH U }
U -GU U , U H wG
U GG U x -GU U , U H
wG U }SH } -GU U, U U }SH
}xG -GU U, U U }SH -GU U
}} (GyG U H) }H }
U H H U GyG J
404
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
10
GU G }G
GG U G GU U

G
GU} , G G-H} GU} U
}HU }G U GHG GU G , G U GU
zG }U , }x GGU U H MG
v U vG vG }G MG , }H}
U GU H U } , GH U x
H 100 } U }S }
H J
(}, . 2 , S. 345 )
H S } }G U G
GU} , H } -G U vG GU
U S U Hx | xG H
(}G }G U H) }G }S U GGU x G
U , G
U H Gy} x J U x
405
}G U GU}
| J
GU SGGGU
11
GU G }G
G U } U J
U SH} } H G G }G }S U
GGU U G J zG ! }} U U
GG G U Hx G x
U GGU zG U G G GH
x G GUwG GH zGG U H
G U GGU H G G GH U H
}GUH v U !
xG U G
GG GH G
U U }, G x 2 GH} U
}HU }wG,
GU},

, }G
U }G }U U G } U }G
406
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
GU G }G
12
GG U G GU U
U }G xG U G J
}G U H UH G
H U
H, H }vGH, }
U x U }U UH
GU},
H } H }G U } U G U
G} } , HG }G U }G U H UH
G }G U }G U GS U }G U H
G U G} J
G G} U S
GU} , (}G }G U ) GS U }G
G U }S } x }G }xG U
407
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GU G }G
13
U U UG U U } H G J
zGGH , U U }G }S } (}G
U U LU U) }G GS G U H G
U ( LU U) }xG U }G G
U H G G} U J
}G G U }G }S H J
S U S
}, G GU , GUG x, G
}
G G
U GU} GU , }G
U }} U H
G H
U GU
U GU GH GG
GH GU~G G , } GSH : (1) H

GH } }
U U (2) }
G} (3) } GU (4)
408
}G U GU}
14
GU G }G
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
} U G U vG G U H
Ux x U G} U H U (5)
} GU} GU} x J U }GU GU S}
G} G U }G U
J
U } U }
| GU} U U U }G U
G U vG zG UH U GU} U G
, } U J
G GUH
U }vU } U } , } }
U GU} G , }G } U
G U x U }} U H
409
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
15
GU G }G
UG U G U } U G }
U }x H
U GM x G
}wG J
GS }xG U }
GG , GUG }
U GU}
M , }G U G U wG U
GS U xGM zG U H U J
SG G U
GG LG }H }G}} } GH
G}
GU} , GUH G U G U
} 2 GUH GU (1) }} U GyG U H Gy}

}G U (2) }G U H G J
( G, GS : 4, S. 86, }-H }< H GU)
410
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
16
GU G }G
GUH U G U S ?
}GUS , GU}H }}, }zG G} G
GU} , } G GUH G U G
}x } GU }G U J }x GU G
}H} U G U , xGH U wGy.
U } }xG U H J U G U U G
}zG G GU} , G U }-GHGU G-H} U
H40 GUH , } 2 GUH G GU , U 2 GyG
U } U, 2 zG vG U J
GU : GG - GU-G}GG
vG G G } G} GUGG
U G U, zG Hx
G } U G , U G
G U H J U
G } (U) }G G }x GU G :
411
}G U GU}
17
GU G }G
H GUG G G J
GU SGGGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
(--} UGH } : } } } |H }
G } |H } GG GG J
(}HwGG }, . 2 , . 319 325) G
U M
GU | G U U M U | GG} G J
zGGH U 2 wG y. U } xG
H G H H } G }x J
}G U U UG 44 H } S G
U }
U G}
, }G U } 24 U
} H GH } 6 H G
U , } x J
412
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
G | J
18
GU G }G
} M U G H G H
GG GU S }GGUG
} } , G }vU } U }
GU}, G }G
}G ( } }G U } ) }x
GG GU H x GU} U GG
x U U } x J
}G }G x U }GGU
GG H} GU
, G 2 , U }U, G} G-H}
U GU} GH , wG }G U
G ( UGx) U SGG
U H Hx } G }H U }G U
UH 2 wG } U 2 wG
413
}G U GU}
19
GU G }G
G U } U
J
GU SGGGU
U } }G U H H
x G }} GyG G U H
x U, }G }G U }
}xGGU x J
200 SH U G U S
GG gGU v GG G}
G
U U }
}, G }vU }U}
GU},
}G U U x GG }
H MG U GU} 20 U H
, } GU} 20 H U G}H
H J
}G GUxG 200 U G}H U
}H J
414
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
20
GU G }G
GG U G GU U
}G} H U }G }H
2 GH} U }HU }wG, }vU }- U,
}G x
GU},
} U H
} U}
U GG }H
} U } }G
U J U G U U GU
( }U }U) G , H
GU H U x J
}G U 5 wGSS }H
GG G
} , U
2 GH}, }S}, }, H }G}

U GU} }GGG} , G U
415
}G U GU}
21
GU G }G
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
} Ux H
U H x J (1) }G
U
G U (2) }G G } GG (3) G
(4)
(}G) }G U (5) xGH} G U J
x
GG }}
} , G
2 , U }U, G } G -H}
U GU} GH , }G U
}G G, U G , U }G U G U,
U G } GG U UG } U U
U H x J
416
}G U GU}
22
GU G }G
G G G U G GU U U
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
SGU }G U G
wG U }G GU zG U G
}vM G J x U }wG G U
}G zG x U J }-H 15 H
}G G},
27
-H } x G J GU} }SGGU
: }G U } H G
G } }x U H } | G J
S G S U G U S
U H G G }} G } G G
GU} , G }G U
} ( } U) } (zG U G) |
}H , } , G U G U J
(GU -G , . 10, S. 653)
417
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
23
GU G }G
U U G H G H G
}G U } U GU GG U S
U }, 2 GH} U }HU }wG,
U GU} G x , }
2 U U GU }G U G U
GG , H GH U x wG } U
U H H J
GU H S GU G U GUGH
G G U}, } S}, }
GU}, wG G }G
H U U GU U G U U
G wG J
G }xGGU
G G - } , G } U , G -
U GU} G , }G H
U U G GU U U G, (GU)
418
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
J
GU G }G
24
U U G H GH G
} GGU U x U H GH
U H }xGGU GU} J
} } SH} | ! }G GU U GU
H } U U GU GG U GU
G H U G J
5
LUG
83
729
GH ( H
UH}
GU }
3000
GMGU x
U GU) x LS
G }xGGU U }Hx J
MG }G
}G U (} }G U })
} GU G U }xGGU x J }G U
MG }G HG } G GU U
G } |GU J
( G, GS : 4, S. 104 , }-H }< H GU)
419
}G U GU}
GU G }G
25
U H GG }} G} G G
GU} : G (GU) U zGGH vG G }G
}G GG J
(GU -G, . 9, S. 523, G GU H)
S-H UGU U GUGH

GG GH G}
, G}, GUG }}, , H

U GU} G-G} , wG }G
U G -H UGU G U GU} S} U
H x GU} U U H x 2
}G U } x wG x J
2 }G U }
GG G
} , GG
, GUG x, xG
U GU}
L GH , wG G }G -H UGU G
420
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
26
GU G }G
wGG M U G H U S H J
U H 2 }G U } x J
U U
U } , -H UGU }G (
} }G U } ) G U H
U U x J
U GUGH
GG }}
GG , GUG x, xG
} ,
U GU}
, wG G }G }G
G U H H
} U x J
U U U
}xGGU x J
421
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
27
GU G }G
U U G H G H G
S
G GU U SxGGU
}}H H }, }GH GU-GU H
}U G}HH G -H}
GU } H , wG } G U
G U H
G GU SxGGU
Ux J
S x }GGU
GG }HU
} , G 2 , U }U, G }
G -H}
U GU} }xGGU ,
wG }G U }G GU H 3
G U x wG
x x } U x G J
422
}G U GU}
28
GU G }G
} M U G H G H
G U SG G GU
G | J
}G }G U
H --U GH 28 , -H }G
U }
10
} GU} :--} UG H } :
U }G (}G) U
G} } UH H
U GUGH H U
H
U U
}} U GUHG J
G}g }
U G zG
GGH GGU } GU} , ( }G }G U

) } H G U }G U U} } }xG H
423
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
29
GU G }G
G U } U
J
G-H G } G }G U G G
G-H} U }SH U} } }xGH U U GH
U J
}HS G } } U
}G }G U }H G} } U U
}SG J
GH SH} GG
}} }G}} xGGH
GU} U GG
}HU
U GU} GH
: } (GUGUG) G GUwG US }
U G-H G}, | U G, } U G,
G U GG U U} J
} } SH} | ! x }G
U H x G } U | }} (U})
GUG U | x Gx x U } GGUH
424
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
30
GU G }G
GG U G GU U
HxG U H }G G zGH
G J HxG }G
G zGH U }G GUG J
xGH G} U x GMGU U S
x }G GUG U 11 G
(1)
} }GU}
(2)
GG, }G
}G GUG }G } U }S }G U
U H x }x }G G x
} x J G GU }G U Gv} } J (3) G ,
xGH} }G GUG U GU }G U U
J (4) } (5) HxG (6) GGUH J 2
G G }G U H U G U } GvGH
HxG G (7) (8) H GU
425
(9) GU
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
31
GU G }G
U U UG U U } H G J
} (10) xG U GH} U GGU

(11) } { H U
GU U vG U GGU GG J
(G)
}G GUG }x U -G GG U
}G GUG , U }G U G G }GGU
G x J
}G U S
}G }G U H H vG } , }SU
U, GU UG , H G Hx
H GU } }SG xGSH J
xGSH }G U vG
G
GU} , G-H} U}
GU} U xGSH }G }G U H }S U }G
426
}G U GU}
32
GU G }G
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
U U H J }G U }G U H
xGSH , G G-H} U}
GU}
U }G U xGSH }G }G GU U G
U U
G }G G }x GGU U xGSH }G U vG GHG
GU MG J (}, S. 334) }H} G
}GU xG }G U H
xGSH }G | J
xGSH }G S xG }vU
GG GH} G }
GU}
, }G }G U H xGSH U - G U
U G ( }H}) J
wGy . } GU U GUGH
GG }
427
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
33
GU G }G
UG U G U } U G }
, GG , GUG x, xG
GU}, GG GyG U vG }} GU
H U } GU x GU }
x x ( }}) } GH GM x J
}G U }Hx
}G U UH} U U }} GyG
U }H x{
vG U U U
}G U }Hx J
wGyG S GUG
}G } G} }-H , H}
428
}G U GU}
34
GU G }G
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J
xG GyG U GH } | G} U U
U U | J GG U U U
J wGy . G, }} GG
GUG , Hx }} U GyG U G U
| x U U
U U }G U U G
J
wGyG S H M GU G SU
U }
U } U GG
H GG H } M GU G G G U
vG G , G U}
vG
U GRU U
G U U G J
(G, S. 32)
429
}G U GU}
35
GU G }G
U U G H GH G
GU SGGGU
J
wGyG UG
wGy . }G U G H GyG U |
}-H GyG G UG xG} J
H G U | G
H G U (}G }G U H U)
U (MG U ) G ( G GUwG)
xG G U G (U) U }GU G
J U U S H x G GUwG U
| G }S } G GUwG wG x
U G }G U G x
U x }G GU x G
}G U J }G U H yG} GU U
J
UH G } U , Hx x G
430
}G U GU}
36
H
GU SGGGU
U U H J
GU G }G
U G G U
U GG wGy . GG} G } | xG-HG U

U U x U <U U HG }-
U U U} U H }G U GG GUH G
G wGy . }} G H H U :
S}H U GMGU U S
wGy. U 7 }- UH
1
G U G U H U
UH
U G G U H
U U
U G G U H GH J
2
GG U GGU U U G J
GU , 2 G U
GyG , H GyG { G
431
}G U GU}
37
GU G }G
G G GU G GU U U
G U SG G GU
2 vG U H J
( G U, . 2, S. 338)
H GG G G G
GU , GyG GG vG
U U H M G U G U
( G) GUG J
(GU -G . 8, S. 365 G GU, H)
wG , GyG , UH U
U, H U U U
G J
GU , GH GyG H
H GG
G J U G-H U
GU U
vG U GyG MG S
U
LU , G U GH
432
}G U GU}
GUG U J
GU SGGGU
38
GU G }G
G G U G U H U
GH GyG U GH ( G) J
(GU -G, . 8, S. 334, G GU, H)
GU , GyG U
H GG
GGU U U () G J
(G)
}G U }} U } }SH
U GM } U GGU G} U UH
U }G U }G U GG }
U }G GU} U H
G G H U }G GU}
U SH} U U U} J SH}
G G GUGU (GH})
GGH GGU J GU} G U } G
SH} U GU} }GU} HG }G GU} U, xG
U G U (}G) U |
G} Hx U }} J GH} U G}
433
}G U GU}
GGU J
GU SGGGU
39
GUG U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
G G U U }} U U U
wG U U }} }GU U H }G U
J
( G, GS : 4, S. 95 }-H }< H GU)
SH G U S U
xG} U vG, }G, S
S GUG } U H U | SH
U }}H , wG GU U GG
| SH U U U U {} }.
434
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
GU
GU
U
SS
GGG
G
U U
87
1
41
40
U U G H G H G
(G-GU)
}G G U GGU
(((G G U vG)))
S SH }......
G U }G }H ?
G U { }G }H ?
v GU U 8 }- UH
H G x
G U }SG
GU H......
435
}G U GU}
}G G U GGU
} M U G H G H G
GU SGG GU
| J
G H SS H SH (16 SGUG) }U}}H

G H,
S U GU G Hx J
}G G U GGU (G-GU)
M GU U GUGH
2 GH} U }HU }wG, }vU }- SU,
}G x
GU}, }
}G G }G S100 M GU G
H GH S U S100 G GU}x S
70
G U S 30 U J
436
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
}G G U GGU
G U } U
J
H G x
}, GU GU
U GU} GH , S G U ( GH GU~G
GH GG G-H S U H) GU} U (
G } xG) S U H }x, S Hx U H
} x J

U }GU} GG S }GG H
S } , GU} , } U
( x U G } xG) S U H
J GH G GU U 8, 9 S10
(S GG 3 ) 4 GH GU~G U ,
5 H }GGG} U 15 (
) J
437
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
}G G U GGU
GG U G GU U
}G G U H S GUH U S
GG S
S } U GG
, GUG }G, } U , G v
xG S G, }G
GH GU~G U
U U }G U H GU H G
GG U G U }G S GUxG J
G U
GG S S
S , U GH GU~G U
GU H U H GU} H
GGU J
}G G U H U S
GG S
438
S ,
}G U GU}
}G G U GGU
U U UG U U } H G J
GU SGGGU
}, SM GU S
G U (}G
G U H) U S S GU H S S S S
GU H J
}G G U GGU (G-GU)
H S GG U : } U 2
vG }G GH GU~G ( GH GG) U, S 6 G
v U, SG H
U, S }} U U
U U H v U U GS }}H
GU U { H S G J U U U
H v U HU J U
U U H v U U HU J
U U U H v U U {
H H v U { S U S2
S3 v } HU 4 } { H J S
439
}G U GU}
}G G U GGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
U U GU} } v U U G
{ G HU
U }} GG
S} S G U H G} GU S (
H G) U S G, U LUG U J S vG } H
H G} GU S U S G, U 3 U
U U H v U {
4 xG H v U LUG }
GUG U }GGU }G }U}}H U H J 2
v U } 3
G J
U U }vG
(GU GH}x, . 1, S. 150 )
}G G US ?
G (GH GU~G GU G) U }G
(GU GH}x, . 1 , S. 149) }x S SGU
}G
G } G
440
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
U H xGGU J
}G G U GGU
UG U G U } U G }
GU} J
( G, GSS : 4, S.
106 ,
}-H }< H GU)
G U wGy. S
G U U GZ }G U, SGU
GUGU U }G } GyG G G } S J }G U
GyG GUH G }G G U G }G J
}G G U vG
2 }G U vG S U GU U G H
( GHG zG U
20
} U ) S GG U
SGU -G U J
}x
G H GU~G } U G H GG G }SG J
441
}G U GU}
}G G U GGU
GU SGGGU
H GUG G G J

G U { }G }H ......?
H vG } }} U v U U }vG
}H S vG (v G} U HG }G) 3
v U H x }} GU MG U 3
U x }} 3 S G U x S
v U U }} LUG } H x G G U
U }} U S LUG } LUG } v U H
x }} U LUG } xGH x} U v U
U }} U LUG } Hx G G v U U LUG
} H v U U LUG } LUG }
v U U x S LUG } v U U }}
S H GU SGUG x ( GU v
U) x }} U LUG S U }H
v U U (}} U SH} U U )
(GU) G S vG U J LUG } v U
x S } x S vG } }H
442
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
}G G U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
H vG U v U U GU
G G S vG U J S vG U v x
}} U S GU ( ) J S } |
zGSH H vG U } }GU J
G U }G }H v U ?
}} }G G H U wGS GU x wG
}H }H }x S U }G
GUS x x S x }H G H (xG
}G U) G SU J U wGS 4
vG U }G G J
G U wGy. U GU}
}G U }} 2 GyG G wG y. }G
} G S S } | S }vM
| }vM J SGU 2 } GUGU U U }G U
H GyG S GG U S S }
443
}G U GU}
GU SGG GU
| J
}G G U GGU
} M U G H G H G
S J S U S } H GyG S 9
S U H 7 }} S U H 14
H v U S }G } J
S }U }SG ,
G } xG} }
U U S GMGU U S S
G U 20 S
G U } }SG :
(1) G} (}x GGU U xG H)
(2)
G (3) xGSH U (4) }SU U ( S
U H
G G } U ) (4) UG ,
{H (6) G Hx (7) x ( U|
x S U GS GH U SGU SG
444
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
10
}G G U GGU
G U } U
J
} S U} G U U x J U S G
S U x } | x U , U S
G x , xG x U | } J x U
G U U GU J U H U U
G xG U H
G US | { U x H }
SU J) (8) }G GU }S }GH } G (9) G H
GU~G U }G U S H H, 3, 5,
S7 U} }x GGU J U } G
H J x }G S H U | x
}x G U G (}H}) U x (10)
}G G , Gx } U (11) Gx H H (12)
S | } G }x S U H GU
S U H H zGGH S S
} G (13) }G G U H U S S
S S S S (14) G U }G S H S--GU
GU~G U (zGGH }x G U }G S GUH
SU } ) (15) G G U (16) US S
S-GU (17) Gx U yG} GU x
445
}G U GU}
11
GU SGGGU
GUG H J
}G G U GGU
GG U G GU U
U (18) S } }U (19) }G G
}S-GUG ( }H) }G-GU ( xH }H)
S U G}} }S} } U S } G
}S J
}x } wG
S S xH }H }GH GU (20) G H GU~G (

} G) U }G U H S } S S v
U }G G GG U H S } H G
S v U J v :} : H
, H
S S G , H
S S G
U S U G U HGU H
S S G H
U H }} wG J
GU G U U }SG
G GG ( GU G) }} GU} } GH GU~G
( } G) U GG J SGU G } GUGU , }-SH
S } ( GU G }) }SG U }G S H U
446
}G U GU}
12
}G G U GGU
GU SGGGU
U U H U GU
U H SxGGU U J
GU U U x H U
| J
H v U GM
GU U S S
v GU U 8 }- UH
(1) 9 GH GH G} U GU S 13 U
G S U 5 vG U G U G }G }S U
}G H U S U x } U H
G S v U 3 zGGH
S v GU U J
,
(2) v GU SH} U
U GU U J U U S GUH
U U S }G U U SU J (GU GH}x,
. 1, S. 152 ) }-SH x }S S x GUS G
G |H U UH} U v SGUG x
H GUS G x U H
447
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
GUG U J
(3)
13
}G G U GGU
G G GU G GU U U
v GU S } }GU}
S S }GU} U vG U J vG U H
}SGU x U H x S U vG
U ( }SGU x U H )
(4)
}GU} x }SGU U
vG U }GU} x S }SGU }}

(5)
zGH, S ~
U v (G) (6) }G U
}G (GU) G U | U H (G) (7) }SGU
(S U U G vG GU ) v
}x G SH} U S vG U
(8)
} G U ( }G G H )
}x U H U SG
U GU S | J ( G, GSS : 4,
S.
111,
}-H }< H GU) (G U GU G H xG U
zG S H }H } U H G U G S U G U G
-}G S GUG G H GU~G U }G-HG GU})
448
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
14
}G G U GGU
U U G H G H G
}
H
} G SG U G S
U }GGU } U GUGU GG GU} J } G GU

} }
U U
GGUGU G S GU} J
U x | } G x
} wG } }- } H
GH xG} }
UGG }xGUG
28 -H }
1426
SH G U S U
xG} U vG, }G, S
S GUG } U H U | SH
U }}H , wG GU U GG
| SH U U U U {} }.
449
}G U GU}
GU SGGGU
15
}G G U GGU
wGG M U G H U S H J
GzGG |H U GG
GU GzGG GU U} U S GG} , }x
GzGG U S, }x G} | S U
J GzGGUG GGUG U U G U} G U} U
HG} H U H U J GzGGUG -}GH
}U U } S G GS GUH GUGUG }SH S U
H }GH vU U S U H
S
G
SH xGzGH U S U |H , G
GGU G S HG J G S U | |H
U H |H U x S S S
U J
1 GU U U |H x G
GU} { x J
GU} }SGGU
} }} U S } GG U x U U }
} U | S } }S S
UH } }} U x } GG U x
} S S G x U US } U GU
450
}G U GU}
G U SG G GU
J
16
}G G U GGU
U U G H G H G
U U S U U S |H J
wGS GU G U S |H GU} U
H GH S UG U }H J
4 GU} U } }} U S x U H
x U } S US U GU U
U U S U S S |H J
3
H GG, }} H S, }} G} G
G
GU} , S S G
U S G
S }} wG S
S x GU S (GzG GU U) U
S - S }G
( U U x ) S GUGU
S H S GGG J }G GU}
, U SU S U G GzGG U
G } U U U S S
}G ( U x) GSH G
GU} { UG S J
(GU -G, . 23, S.
451
645, 647 )
}G U GU}
}G G U GGU
}H vG U G U UGGH
G GUG, } H G, SH}, GG GH} }H
HH }G}} G
G UG -G G
GG
U U
}, G UG , G GH U

UG} U }H } U xzG-x U }H
H U,
wG x }H } J
(}G
}G Ug . 655)
|H U } x }GUG
GG GH G} G
UG}
, G U }H vG } G U GG
} J }H G }H GRU } G U H
G ( |H) } Hx x J G :
( UG UH . 667, . 2)
} : G U H
H }} G ,
U } wG GUG U J
G GG : }SGUG
U }G, , }- UGUGH U GUG
U U wG} GS GH G G }UGG U
G U G U H UG } }- G
U G G U } U xx U U GUG } | G
UGH UG} J
452
}G U GU}
U
SS
GGU
87
1
41
(((G G U vG)))
}- S }
}G UGU zG U GU}
S SH }......
} } S HS S
S GS }xGGU
G U UGU U GGU
} U UGU U GGU
GGU G vGU
GU H......
453
}G U GU}
}- S }
} } S HS40 S
S vG }G G U U
}S -G U
} U
( } } S HS 40
S) G U U SG GSH U , ! S
!
} } } U GG U G SG
, S G }G
GG SH} U H
GG , ! U x H GUG }
}GU U SG }H } S G x J
U , H GU , !
zGSS G G U x
H } U xG} yGGU }
! H xG} } , } U SG GURU
454
}G U GU}
}- S }
S S xG} U , S Hx x
U SS} US H , ! GGU }
x, H x, ! } S S G x U
H}G S xG x, US wG U S
U } U x S H x
GS U S }G U } U
GGU U } U U H Hx......
zGGU U S x } Hx...... S S
} Hx...... } H S U }} | x
} } SH x...... !
} US H H H GU}
H G } H G
US H U S HS S GG U
, } S SH} S S }} SH}
| SH} U GGU | G } H
x H G | S GM J
G GUS} ! } U U }
}, | S SG SG x} } }, U !
SU }, , GUG G }, }G
x, G} }wG
} S
455
}G U GU}
}- S }
H GUG } 2 xG G} }SS x S
2 U SG SG J ! }GUg......
} 1 : x GH} GG } S vG U U} S
U }GGU U, GUH M xG S{
U J S GU | S }} H S
}H G} G G
U H
| U U UH} G G U }GGU U
GU GS vGH Gx
U G zGS J
} 2 : GUG MG | }G-}H } S U
HGG , }-SH G vGU xG } H
( ) U U G G} Un U U
GU } G U S J G GSS 4
} U GU} G}H U J
} 3 : GU U SG xG S U }GGU HG
U S 1 J
} 4 : GU U M U , x U U
1. GU U GUS} (1) SGU : (2) HG : HG U GGU U
GU U } U H GUH x J
HG S x G} S GUH U x G} }
SGU } }G-GU J HG } | SGU U GG S wG
xG Hx x J SU x xG } U SH M GSS
} U U Hx H }x S U } J
456
}G U GU}
}- S }
S}H U J x } U U
GM U M GSS U }^ U x S
GG H J
} 5 : }}U M wG S GU,
S-H }U M G U } U J
} 6 : U-GU }S G Sx } U S S J GH
GUvG U S } US SGGH GGU S U }H
GHH S H J
} 7 : xGSH , }G } S SH} |
G S U }G GU (S U} x x U xGSH
Sx } S H - S U )
} 8 : xGSH U S~ G U }U}}H GGUG U

x GU S H U S} U US x
x U 2 } G xGH S~
}U U G}H x J S} U
GSS HG} J
} 9 : UGU x G}G} } U S
U SG J U ! U S SG S
SG G}} GU S J
457
}G U GU}
}- S }
} 10 : xGSH, UGU } S GUH H

x S
H J
} 11 : S GG S
} 12 : H U x SHH
} 13 : GU S U } GSS UGU xGS
G} S x
, }} GGU
, }} G} G
Gg
, G
J U xH S H J
} 14 : G GU U S H U S U }} GSS
UGU (GH U) } } H J
S U S SGU x S
G S U S SG H J
} 15 : x }SS } GG GU }
GU J }}U 2 G }
x } } U U xH
J
} 16 : G H U H vG | }} S U }GG
J
458
}G U GU}
}- S }
} 17 : G U HS } S SH} | }H U }}
H S
U GUS M U U
Lg } UG M G J (S U H |
xG G }x SGU SGU G-H} H S U
UH} G )
} 18 : G U SGGH GGU S GH} G}H

U S U SH} | H
H } S U G }x wG U S U}
U GUGU J
} 19 : G S ! S U} G} | GU
} J
} 20 : U U GGU GU } GGU U S } US
S SH} | U U H G
}, vG H GU, SG x} GU U vG,
- GU, vG U xG U J
} 21 : x H GUG } x }H G
GUS} ! US HH U GU }, |
SU SH} | S GU U }x
xGS zG U U G} J
} 22 : GU G J
459
}G U GU}
}- S }
} 23 : G S ! U S SG GU GU} J 1
} 24 : SU } H }G } GU U 12
G U, SU U} G U} 12 S
} GU GGU U GRU M H
S } H H
x } H
Hx x S | } }G }G U
}} J
U GUGH : SU }, GU GU S
U
GU} GH , } U }S} | } S U }^
U } } U wGS GU U S G U U, GUH GUH
Sx x J U U, GUH GUH, S{ U
x, U U, GUH GUH, Ux } U H
G} GU} J }x } S U U U G J U U,
1. GU
} : S U S S UH x U H U S
U } }G}}
S U SH U
H
U SH} U }G}}
U
GU U }} G J)
}U U U S U UG U Ux H } S U S v S
Hx S U G S U J S US SU }
S GG U, x S U } U } }H} ? GU}, G (
)
U GGU S U J
: GUH GUH U x } S U } U } H J }-SH
}}G } S } J x } U } U } }H} } U }
U x G
U } H J GU SGU G- } G J Sx }
460
}G U GU}
}- S }
} 25 : } G}} x GUG xG } }H S
x }H -wGS U } H x
G U SH} | GS
H S GU} J H
GG}
GG GU}x J (}wGHGU }G } H U
U S US U | H G GGU -HGU
}}G } S GU U }GGU GU} x GUG
xG GU -S S LG U }GGU U J)
: } SGU} US U S SH S
G }xGGU S G GS GG} x J
} 27 : S U S }SHU H S }} H S
}H G} G G
U SGG
SH} H} U }GGU GU} J
} 28 : }G U SG S US |x U U
SG G} HG } G LU J
} 29 : }, G GU S
U }G S }GG S GU} J
} 30 : }G x, G, GU, G xG GUG (
x S) U }G-}H } US GUS} U
U U U J
}
26
461
}G U GU}
}- S }
: S GM S : SH} U
}UG }HS U S } GU , S U
Lv x U S Gv} U GG U
G U }GGU , SH} U
US | G}} U H G -G }G-HGU
U H S } G J
} 32 : SH} | zG } U} G U} U
GHGU U U } H G
U } U} G U} , 12 } } 30
Gx } U} U} G U} } U
H }- GUGUH } SGU U GU J
SH} | SH} U U SHG
SGU} U H G }- G} U
U U } G}} U }G U J
} 33 : }, SM GU S
U }G S U xG} } G} U J
} 34 : GGU-x }H G U
}G, }H G} G GU xG U GHGU
g J GS wGHGU }-
}S U S U U U {} } J
} 35 : xGSS GG U GU | UU
}
31
462
}G U GU}
10
}- S }
U U} x J
} 36 : } HGU U US S } -S U
U H U} S U }- J
} 37 : } U xG U }G-}H } Gv} G G}H
U J
} 38 : } U xH , |H U, GwG} U
US GG | H G U S } S H
U H x }GGU U U J
} 39 : } S H S U GU} H J
} 40 : HGUG U } U } GGU S S
} GGUGU }GGU J -S S | -wGS U S
G G U } G G U U J x SU }
U GUG U SGU }G } GSS
U} x
GUH }
U } H H U | } H x
G U S U G} } J (x }
G}H } S U S US GUS} U
x} GH U J x GH S U }
U }S} U U G S U ,
}S} U U xG xG J
U S GGU -HGU U U | }zG SH} G
463
}G U GU}
11
}- S }
U SU J S GG U GH G} } } H
H U} J S GG U G vG} S
U vGS U S U J G}} GH
U H G G} GU
H J)
U ! x U wG H G xGzGGU
}
U U
}G
U
GGUH }GGU GU} J }
H
! U G
GGU SH
} x} , GRU } U
U U U H U J }G
U GUG , wG | J H GUS } |
}G
U GS S J ! U !
vG GG }G } x} J H
! G
-x M SH} | J U }} }} U
}xGGU GU} J
H ! G wG x S S
H GGU }SGGU U S
}- S } ( GUG H vG) vG
SG SH GUH (}G}H G} 1411 .)
} } S U U U|
U| }}H }} U x J }G
G }} U S GG U J
464
}G U GU}
12
}- S }
S SG }xGGU
SU }, GU GU S, GUG x, GS
GH SU, SG }G
G S
U GU}
GU , S U } S ( S
U U GU ) GG} S } S U }
vG S GH } } U S U }xGGU
x J
GGU G vGU
} U }S UGU
(1)
HGUGU (2) G (3) GU}S
G U }S UGU
} H }G (4) S
(}GS U | G H UGU )
UGU U zGSH
(5)
G J
HGUGU ( ) } U GU S G U
GGU { SU J (2) G ( ) S GU} U
HGUGU S U H G J (3)
GU}S ( U-GU) x S U U x
GGU S } U S J } U
U-GU U{ G U H S U GGU J (4) S
(1)
465
}G U GU}
13
}- S }
S S GU U U U J1
xGSH } U GGU
x
H H U , S
xGSH U wG U { wG U x U
J wG } U S GG H S GU } H J GU
S S} UG S J ( UH xGSH U SGU
UG G , Hx S x , HG U, x
x U } UG U G S S~ }U, UG U
U H G J) H H
UG H U H 2 GGU S U ( S
{) U }G S G U } U U
S} 2 3 3 {H, U S U }SG U, U
3 2 {H J } U G } H x^ U
{, UH U U } H J H
UG
M U U |x U , }SG, U J
U S G U H { J ( H) U
H U U
U ( } x}
x ) GHS } x} S S U
U wG U J U S{ U H U S
1.
G}} UGU G H , S U } U GU U }GGU

GM HG GG S } } S GS GM UG U J)
466
}G U GU}
14
}- S }
GG U U U Hx U } U S U H
GSS U U UH { H J G
xGSH U G U G } S S U 3 UGU
U J U US U UG S S S J U
S GUG 3 S J
UGU U U 3 5 S7 { J
U S GG U H HGUGU G S
S U U-GU J } U S
H U-GU 1 G ( G )
}} S} G }H J G S U
, U, , GU} UGU Hx J2
U H S U S{ S H G
} HGUGU | GG H U {
H U S{ J S U GGU { J
G U UGU U GGU
U-GU U S U H U 2 GSS U U U-GU

U S H G U { U U
S H U } GU U GG H U S J S
1.
} U xG H U GGU S. 5 }H-GG GU} J

2
2 . } G U H G UGU Hx U U GGU J
467
}G U GU}
15
}- S }
U yGH { S U GG U U U H S S U
U H U J G Hx G S GG G S GG G
Gx } S G GHGU S J U S
HGUGU H J U G } S
S U H GSS S U H U US S { J1
}G G GU2
(1) G GU S GUH U }SG U }
GUH U GGU S GU } J GU U (
U H x) U S U GGU S H J (2) GS
GM 2 3 ( U GU U) } GU
} J G U } }G} x
| G x S J (3) G U } U
S H U wG Hx U US UG S J (4)
GU } vG G G :(5) }
U S{ U H S U } GUH U
GGU U J UGU U H U GM ,
1.
UH G U UGU } | HGUGU G } x
UGU U S | U }G-GU }x zGGH U
S S S G } J
2 . G S U }G U GGU S. 381 390 }H-GG
GU} J
468
}G U GU}
16
}- S }
H | G J (6) GU U U 1 S U x
G} } HUG U wG Hx | G J (7) }^
J }SG U S U GGU S 2 S 3
2
3
}^ H J H U
S2
4
S3
U J GU }^ UG
xG S H J (8) }^ GU S UH S S G
H }vM J (9) GU U U U GG H H
( 4 U H S U UH GU U U
G vS xG S ) J (10) GU U
H S S }}H G
(11) GU U GU S J (12) S U GH
} xG U U xGG S GU G J
(13) UH H GU GU S
U GU -G GU . 4 S. 185 SGU H J
(14) zG U S
GU} U GGU
S Gy} S U G }SG J (15) GU U J
(GGU S. 7 U G }H-GG GU} J) (16) GU U S
GUH M G U G J (17) GU UH H
U U x SG Ux } U H Hx J
1 . GU U M GSS } x U U Hx }G }x vS
S} U SH U J HG S} U S}
U wG U GSS U GGU U }^ U x S H J
H
}S} U x U S S }GGUG J
2 . } G} S } J 3. S } } U H x J 4.
S S } UHx J ( : 16, LUG : 12, --} UGH })
469
}G U GU}
U }S } H U GS } }}--G
SG }, GU GU S, GUG x, SG
}G
G S, GS GH SU
U GU}
GU , }S U xH G GUwG
xG G H U G GU} U
H S J
S S S S ( xG U )
U GG xH U }S U H G}
x S U GG }vM J Hx
}S U H U S U GH U
x S Hx SGU U H }S } H
- J
( G, GSS : 3, S. 92)
}S } xH ( S
S) U }S } } U U H | H U
G } G J U GG UG } H U |
H SU x xG U }S } H U |H U
U U} ! GU U U H U G
U J ( S vG G U S U S
-wGS U GU U }S S
H | U GU }S }
U H SU U }S U
S xG G)
470
}G U GU}
U
SS
GGU
87
1
41
GUG U GGU
(((G G U vG)))
S SH }......
}xGGU U GUGH
}vGH G U
-H wGH U S
H U GGU }G GG U GGU
GU H......
471
}G U GU}
GUG U GGU
GUG U GGU
U H } U U GU x
U U U GGU xGzGH U, U GU
| GG H | U J G} }
G }
GU} G}
}H-GG GU} J
(1) }vGH G U
H U U GU
U G U, G }vGH U
U U GU U G U , GU U GU U
( GU x) G U J
472
}G U GU}
(2)
GUG U GGU
G U
} U GGU G U U (
} U) GGU G ( G U H
U) }G G U }H J
U| zGH G U G GH
GU } U U H U U | G U
}H, U | G U }G G U
J x } H } U GGH } GU
x U G GUG U U U
H U G H U GU GH U J
G H U zGH GU} x } (GU}H GMGU) U
HGU GUGUH G-} }H} U J
(3)
H U GGU G
} } U U zGH G U U
} U GGU U, U U }Hx
U ( G U H U) } U U} |
473
}G U GU}
GUG U GGU
x J
(4)
G } --U U
} U H G U U U
GGU GUyGG J
(5) }G U G GU U GUGH
wG }G U G H } U
U U GU U G U U - G,
wG J
H H xx U
} G} !
} } SH} | ! H
U G}
G }} LwG U H |
GUGH U} U G H , H
G} S }-GHGU U G } !
474
}G U GU}
GUG U GGU
UGU U x
H
U G G }
U GU U xG } GG
J U H U xG GG Gy}
U
J x G
} GG U, H
! v U H U GG Gy}
x ? G , } ! U UGU U x, H
x GU } x } G} U
Hx } G} U U J
H U G} }Hx
U ! }GH } x U }H
H U } zGG GUGH G } :-
G U --U
} U
U GU} }xGGU
, } }} x } GU } GH x
UHx x x v U }} U G
wG J
475
}G U GU}
GUG U GGU
H U G !
U }
U }U ,
} U GH GU } U } U g
G U U } | U S U G
U U U G U GU
} GU ( } U )
J H
GU H U U G }-GHGU
U GGU U G U } GG
GU} , G U ( GGU) } U H G
}xGGU U J
G }xGGU U GUGH
U }} }} }Z G U H G
}xGGU U , H
U H }} }
G G G U U H J
476
}G U GU}
GUG U GGU
U U} U SG
} } SH} | ! } ! ,
U U} U SG x ! G
vGUM G} UG }} } UG U
H J x } }} U }xGGU U
H G Ux J
} , U U
GG }H x J } G G H }}
}} }} U H G G U J (H
U x
G M GU G H)
H ! }
}} }} U }xGGU GU} J
| G U G-
G } | U G }G U |
G U G H J
wG , G}H
} xGzGGU !
477
}G U GU}
GUG U GGU
H
U Gx }G} | U wG } U , v
G Hx U G } Hx U ?
, H
U GU} H U }
} H J
S GU
G GU S !
GGU
U wG } U H U H
GGU } U GU U U G
U GU H ! (GGU) H
| GUH U J U G U
G }GM} xG}x J
GU } ! {
GUGH S U !
478
}G U GU}
GUG U GGU
} U U
GUS } x - wGH G U }Z
U U H U } U U H
U H U U }Hx J
H GU GU Ux
GUG }}
U GU} GUG
, GUS xG -H GUG,
-H wGH -
U G J U G }x,
H
! } U GU G U }}
} G U J GU H GU} U G
(H U H) GU x J
|H U |H U SGU
S U | U |H !
479
}G U GU}
GUG U GGU
- wGH U
GG G}} }vU
U} , }
U }vU }U} U GUS } x J v U

GU H GGU GGU G } SzG U,
v GU} GU} x ? U, SH
U U }} | -H wGH G U } U
H U } U H vG} U
J
!
} x x U
}G x !
}}
U H U
GG G
U, HH
GG
! } } GUH U x
J (} U U -GU U ) U -GU
zGGH x ?
U
GU}, J
480
}G U GU}
10
GUG U GGU
U U U, }}
U H J
} } SH} | !
U U U U }}
U H J
U } U U
U } U H
U H J | }H} U }} U
x U xG U Gx U GGU } U }-H :
U U xG U
U U
J } U G U } | U U
xG U
U H U H J GU
U U | Hx U U GGU } U J
}-H : U GU U x H H
x , U U U ?
, } x U H G
xG U U U U H | U G
U J GGUGU } U }HU H
GU U x xG U U U, GG U
GG U vG H
U } H J H
S wG J
481
}G U GU}
11
GUG U GGU
H U G } G U U
GMGU U
S S H U 17 }- UH
1
GUG, , , zGH, }G, G, GU, G,

, , }- GUGUH } GU, }- G},
U U , U U }G-HG, }-
U} U H GU U xG U U} U
H U U J
} U , , H U
U H U GG J G }
xG U G-} G ( G ) U HH
G HH G } U H G
U G U GU U} U H
U SH J
--} UGH } :
U GG U
, }
} wG
} | U }
H } H J
xG U GU } } U G
}H U U U - HxG
U G | x U | HxG
482
}G U GU}
GUG U GGU
12
wG G} J HxG GS U U J
(}HwGG G G)
} U H x U U (}H
) GU GU-GU U H J
(}HwGG G G)
U U U | H U U ,
U , xG | U } G J
G U | U }} |
U | x ( }) H U
U J
}} U | H U U J
x GU, - GU ( 22 -H }
U }} GU GU
U U
U) xG G J U } H GM
} | H U J U
| H U J
9
Gx U GUG U U G} G G
483
}G U GU}
13
GUG U GGU
U G LU } xG
10
U J
H U } }} U U G
U zG x G H | U G J
11
G | } x U
U Gx U H U U H }
} J }-H : } U, U
U U }
GG }} } U}
U
U J
U U, | x ( ) U
U xG G} }} H U}
U , U U, | x
U }} H }} G} G G
12
}} } G U J
H H U U ,
GG LS J
13
U G (zGG U) U
U U GU }H-G} U H -wG U
} U} G U} UG U xG U
484
}G U GU}
14
15
16
14
GUG U GGU
U G U H UH H U J
GU} U vG} U U | U U}
} G U
U --U G x J
S G, G U , U U
U U xG } G GUS
, xG G U J GG U }GUH }
}Hx vGS} U } U
G G}U wG | H U
}wG } U U GUGH
vG} U U vG xG H U |
U J
U | H U H
U G}
}} U U }Hx J U
vG} U UG UG }H J (
)
H U H U } U U} GUG
U }} U U H
U U }}G U U }H J
}-H : U U U} U U
U }H } U H U
U U U x U H
U H U U x U G U
H U U G J
(}HwGG G GU -G)
485
}G U GU}
17
15
GUG U GGU
H GU }} U U U J UGU
} U H U U }G} U
UGU J
H U GGU
H ( ) U H H }
U H UGU , }-H : U U U L
G U M GU G U U U
U U | U J H
xGG U | U U J H H } GG U
H }-H : | } U U
U J

x J
}G U Ux U | x J H }
U G U H G
U | G
} xG
U U U GU}, }} U H J
H U } GGU
UH }} } G GUG U GGU
| U H U
} G G G U xH } | U
486
}G U GU}
16
U } H J
GUG U GGU
G U U
487
}G U GU}
17
488
GUG U GGU
}G U GU}
18
489
GUG U GGU
}G U GU}
19
G U G :-
M GU G :
490
GUG U GGU
}G U GU}
20
GUG U GGU
U GUG G H H G
H GUGU J Hx S -H GUG
G J GUG G H GG H U, } }
SH} | ! U G U }
J }} GG U , U J GUG
G H H U J H U GUG H
GUH }} H H GG }H G}
G G
GUG GUH - xG G
G U J
H GG
U GUG U GGU
-H GUG
491
}G U GU}
21
-H
492
GUG U GGU
}G U GU}
22
GUG U GGU
-H wGH
H U H G U GGU
H
U G x (x xG
GG | U) U xG U x
U U U U G}H U U
} GU G}H U HGU U U} U
} G} GU} J }
493
}G U GU}
23
GUG U GGU
}G, xG
U x } G
, U }
U SG }}
} U}
H GG}
}} G U}
}}
U } G J U }
U S G } GUH
H U U }}
GU} U x U J
Gx U G H U U } | H
J } x
}< U H U J (GU x } U
} H U G GH J)
GS }}H G Gy} U J (x
G G
UH } H J )
494
}G U GU}
24
GUG U GGU
G !
| U G U GUS} U vG
, }G U vG U }G -G GU
U U GG }} }} } }G }G U H
}S U LG U J U GU } U
} }G S U G
}G GU
J U U H }G G } U
U H }G G }} U H } xGH
}G }G U H J }G, ,
vG} U H xG | U U vG
U} G U }G }G U }} U J Gx
U G U }MGU } H
}G } U G xG-HG J
495
U }G
}G U GU}
25
GUG U GGU
}G GG U GGU
Gx U GU} U GGU GG ,
U } } G U U GG}
J HG }G H | (GU} ) U GG U
GG U GU H U G }G U
U GGU LG U U U} G U} ( xG)
G GG H} G G U ,
U -H GUG 11 -H wGH
(H G U M GU) G U U
GGU U }G GU (G }G U } H U
| H U G }x, GH G }
, H U GU } G GUH J
H G UH H U
} U }gG
496

Namaz Ke Ahkam

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Namaz Ke Ahkam

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

}G U GU}

G GGU, } H , SH} GG GH}

}} : 19 ,20 }G}} GH x, }G}} GH ,

G U Gv} U S GUH SH}

427 } U UGU U GGU

}GU GU} :(1) }HU S U SG } xG U (2) GUH} S U U

GH SH} }} }}G } xGGH

}-H }< H GU,

U (5) G G U (GG SLG GH}

G GSS } SGUG } 23 }-H }< H GU

G (12) S{ S U SGU U (13) 3

H xG) } G }S}H ( S}H

S xGSH GUG S U S} U U {H GSS

}, GG}H --U, GG}H }, }G

S G GSS U } GUG (x) S

S10 12 UH | U SGU } ( }U}}H

}SU, S UH U U }GUG ( SG) }

LUG S H }G } HxG GUGU Hx

GGU S GUGU G U GGU S J2

LUG U GH } (10) S U }GGU

H} U }UG S }}H G }-SH UH SG x

SHH U S10 GMGU U S

, GU} U G G G GUG GUG U GS x J

SGU | }G}} }}G x U wG SGU

, H U }G, xG, }GG GH G

S U GGU H SGU }GH }x J

GUH }G U SHGU S U} H J }} GUG

(10) UH, UG, GU U U U U

U }G, xG, }GG GH

G U Gv} U GUH SH}

} }xGH } GGUGU U }xG }

U }GUG LH GH} } GH}x H

U J H --U GH 27, -H GU}

xGSH U GGU (G-GU)

xGSH U GGU (G-GU)

(G}} U GUvG G-GU)

x J (}wGG G GU -GG, . 1 , S. 206) H

G S U U GUG (2) G SGU G

GG U xGH { (9) G U H { (10) U

(GU U GSS) U G { (15) U

(19) GU --S- (GUG) U H SyGG

GSS) } xH H U { GUG }SG (5) x GG

GUS S GUxG U xGSH U US UG S GU

S GUxG (G, S. 97) (5) GUS (

U wGS }HGU (} G U H) S GUH S

GUGU G-GU (2) GUGU }GHGU

(8) (9) GU (10) G-GU U (11) }HS

}H GU (12) x }HS G U H (13) } H

U (14) } U U (15) xG S GUGU

SGG U wG U (21) }G USGU

GSGU (22) }GG SSGU U H (23) GGU U

}-H }< H GU)

}-H }< H GU)

S xGSH GUG S U }S } , GGU

}-H }< H GU)

GUH H HzGG GUH S G SU

}-H }< H GU)

}-H }< H GU)

}-H }< H GU)

U U wGS xGSH G } U GU}, U

}-H }< H GU)

}}} U GGU (G-GU)

, GUG, GGUGU, xG S }}} G