TOEUBA LANauAaE
WITH AN
INTRODUCTORY DESCRIPTION
or
BY THE
HEV.
T.
tl;c
J.
BOAVEN
^ntt'onars of
PRINTER, STEREOTYPER,
and
85 Cen'trt Strttt,
A'.
Y.
ADVERTISEMENT.
This work
is tlie
who
Yoruba
country, and
enjoyed a very favorable opportunity of becoming intimately ace[uainted with the manners, the customs, the mental character, and the language of the people.
but
was accepted,
W. W.
in.
Turner of
his
arrangement.
its
character,
Haven, May, 1858. The undersigned, having been appointed, by the American Oriental Society, at
its
Boston and
New
meeting held in Boston, May 19th, 1858, a Committee to examine and report upon the Grammar and Dictionary of the Yoruba Language presented to the
Smithsonian Institution for publication, have made examination of these works,
and declare that they are, in their opinion, true contributions to knowledge, interesting and valuable from the subject and the manner in which it is treated, and that they will be welcomed both by philologists and by those who have at
heart the success of philanthropic and Christian effort in Africa.
W.
K. Andeeson,
The
Institution
is
much indebted
to Professor
Turner
he has
it
JOSEPH HENRY,
Washing tov, June, 1858.
Sechj S. I.
PREFACE.
task of reducing the Yoruba language to writing was "begun about twentyyears ago in Sierra Leone, by -a youthful Yoruba named Adi&ye, since widely known and much beloved under the title of the Rev. Samuel Crowther. His first Grammar
The
to write the
Yoruba language
in English
without diacritical points or tone-marks. After the Church Missionary had agreed on a more appropriate alphabet for the Yoruba, Mr. Crowther Society prepared a revised edition of his work, which was published in London in 1852. This Vocabulary, which contains " nearly three thousand vocables," is the basis of
the present enlarged Dictionary.
The grammatical principles here presented have been deduced from a multitude of sentences taken chiefly from the lips of the natives. With the assistance of Professor W. "W. Turner, of Washington, to whom the work was referred by the Smithsonian Institution, the whole has been carefully revised the orthography of
;
the language has been somewhat modified for the purpose of reducing it to a more harmonious system ; and the entire Grammar has been re-arranged and re-written so as to present the phenomena of the language, in accordance with the require-
as nearly as practicable
it
simply justice to say that whatever merits details, are due to that accomplished scholar.
Greenesboro\ Ga^ June, 1858.
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION.
Pago
VIU
CONTENTS.
Participles
Substantive Verbs
mbfe
Mtra
ya.
si
ri
.
*.
'.
ni or
li
gbe
dl
.
se
dze
Pleonastic Uses of Verbs
Nouns
Gender
Case
Number
.... ....
.
Apposition
Adjectives
INTRODUCTION.
country includes all the territory which is inhabited by people who speak the Yoruba bounded on the East by Ibinig or Benin and the Niger, on the West by Dahonii and
:
Mahi, on the North by Barba (Borghoo) and Nufe, and on the South by the Bight of Benin. At the present time it is divided into eight independent kingdoms, as follows 1. Iketu, situated immediately east of Dahomi, of which the extent is two thousand square miles,
with a population of about one hundred thousand ;* capital, Iketu. The surface of the country is level ; timber and water are scarce, and the soil rather poor. Still this little kingdom has sufficient resources to repel the power of Dahomi, which it has done on two occasions.
or Lagos, situated immediately on the sea coast, has an area of about four hundred square and a population of thirty thousand. The greater part are in Lagos, the capital, which is situated on a small island in the lagoon or bay, called Osa by the natives, and Cradoo by the English.
2.
ko,
miles,
Lagos claims
all
population of the
the coast to a point some miles west of Badagry. If this claim be allowed, the area and kingdom are two or three times greater than above stated.
For many years Lagos was a stronghold of the slave trade. It was then nominally dependent on Benin but the turbulent chiefs and people seem to have paid little regard either to Benin or to their own kings, who were frequently deposed and banished. Lagos is now under the protection of the English, but they claim no jurisdiction over the soil or people. It is the residence of several European merchants and missionaries, and bids fair to become' one of the most towns in western Africa. The
;
flourishing
people speak the Yoruba language, which they frequently call the call it, after the name of their own tribes, the Iketu, the Egba, &c. the Aku language.
Eko
By
Europeans
3. Egba is a small kingdom on the south of Yoruba and east of Iketu, lying on both sides Ogui) river, but principally on the east. The whole area, including the fallen kingdom of Ota, is three thousand square miles, with a population of one hundred thousand ; the capital, Abeokuta, population of eighty thousand souls.' The surface of the country is generally hilly, especially east
of the
about
has a
of the
unusually fertile, and the whole region well supplied with streams of clear water. In ancient times, as the Egba people relate, their country was a province of the Yoruba kingdom. After obtaining their independence, they were governed by a king of their own but finally growing weary of monarchy, they determined that every town should be ruled by its own chiefs. This led to mutual jealousies and dissensions. About fifty years ago, these dissensions, stimulated by the slave trade and by the machinations of the Idzebus and Yorubas, resulted in civil war. The
river
;
the
soil is
Egba country then contained more than a hundred towns, some affirm nearly three hundred, several of which were very populous. In the course of twenty-five years, every one of these towns was swept out of about ten miles south-west of Abeokuta, existence, with the single exception of Oba, wliich is yet
standing,
probable that five hundred thousand people perished by sword and famine. sold to the slave ships, and the remnant of the tribe was scattered abroad.
It is
Many
thousands were
on the east bank of the Ogui) river, among twenty or thirty which rise to a height of two or three hundred feet. Forty years ago, a grotto or cave under one of these rocks, which surmounts an abrupt hill, was inhabited by a band
is
situated
several of
It is
scarcely necessary to
conjectural.
X
of robbers.
INTKODUCTION.
After the Egba country was destroyed, the robbers withdrew, and their place was supplied by a few refugees from some of the desolated towns. Their number was increased from time to time by the arrival of other refugees, and this continued till the new settlement contained about fifty thousand In reference to the dwelling of the inhabitants, the remnants of about one hundred and thirty towns. first inhabitants under the great rock, the town was called Abe-okuta, The rock literally. Under-stone. itself is called Olumo, The Builder, and some of the Egbas honor it with a sort of woi'ship. The people of Il9rii), of Ibadai), of Idiebu, and of Ota made repeated attempts to destroy the new town
and sell the inhabitants for slaves. But the Egbas, now united under a skilful leader named Sodeke, were too strong for their assailants. After repelling several invasions, Sodeke began to take vengeance on his enemies, and conquered the kingdom of Ota. By this means he opened a road by which his people
could trade to the sea-coast.
In the meantime several recaptured Egbas returned home from Sierra Leone, where they had learned Sodeke and the Egbas generally were so much pleased with something of civilization and Christianity.
the accounts of the English furnished by the new comers, that he and the whole tribe invited missionaries to come and settle in Abeoknta. The consequence was that the English commenced a mission there in 1846. It is probable that there are now two thousand converts in that city.
On the 3d of March, 1851, the king of Dahomi attacked Abeokuta with a strong force, said to consist often thousand men and six thousand women for about one third of his army is composed of Amazons.*
force at least equal to his own. were armed with guns. The battle raged for about four hours, and occasionally with such In fury that the combatants were scarcely visible through the smoke at a distance of one hundred yards. some cases they broke their empty guns over each other's heads. The king, though long accustomed to On the following day it was ascertained that he left twelve hundred and victory, was obliged to retreat. nine of his warriors dead on the battle-field. Although hotly pursued with continual volleys of musketry,
a rich booty of slaves and plunder ; regard to the real strength of the town. The Egbas
the Dahomies retired in good order, and carried away all their wounded. Since this battle the Egbas have generally enjoyed peace, and have made considerable advances towards
They are now governed by a king, who is one of the ancient royal family of the nation. Idzebu, on the south-east of Egba, and extending to the sea-coast, may have an area of five thousand The surface is undulating, and, like all square miles, with a population of two hundred thousand souls. the adjacent territories, is covered with a mixture of forests and grass-fields or prairies. The Idiebus are
civilization.
4.
though perhaps unjustly, regarded as the most barbarous of all the Yoruba tribes. Idzesa, on the east of Yoruba, probably has an area of two thousand square miles, with a population of at least, two hundred thousand. The capital is Ilesa, and we hear of other considerable towns in the same vicinity. 6. Efog extends from the north-oastof Yoruba eastward to the Oya or Niger. Very little is known of this country, but it is understood to contain six thousand square miles, and a population of three hundred thousand souls. It is said to comprise several extensive towns, one of which, Ibodo or Kakanda, on the The Efoij people are skilful in working brass and copper, and it is affirmed that Niger, is the capital. have copper mines in operation, six days' journey, or one hundred and twenty miles, east of Ilorii). they
generally,
5.
7.
Ilorir), so called
from
its
capital
city,
is
a small
chiefly
of
about one thousand square miles, and its inhabitants number at least two hundred thousand, nearly one half of whom are in the This district revolted from capital. Yoruba and became independent about thirty years ago. For several years they waged continual war
Its area is
against the heathen population of Yoruba, and they succeeded in destroying the capital, old Oyo (Katanga or Eyeo), a great city, twenty miles in circuit. But finally they were defeated by the people of Ibadaq, since which time they have acted chiefly on the defensive. The king and most of the principal people of
Ilorir)
whom
some
own
tribes.
one of the great marts of Central Africa, and is much frequented by people from various beyond the Niger, and even by Moors and Arabs. The principal exports are fine cotton cloths of Nufe manufacture, and slaves or The prisoners captured in petty wars with the neighboring tribes. consist of Arabian and common horses, salt, trona or crude carbonate of soda from the Great imports
countries
* On the day after the battle, the writer saw several hundreds of these women lying dead on the fiehJ. So far as he has learned, Dahomi is the only country in Africa which employs female soldiers. They fought with great fury.
INTKODUCTION.
XI
Much of this traffic is carried on across Desert, kola or goorah nuts, guns, swords, and European goods. the Desert, although Ilorii) is not two hundred and fifty miles by the road from the Bight of Benin.
8. Yoruba, properly so called, lies immediately to the north of Iketu, Egba, and Idzebu, and approaches within sixty miles of the sea-coast. This division is by far the largest of the eight kingdoms which compose the Yoruba country. Its area may be estimated at thirty thousand square miles, and the population at about eight hundred thousaud souls. This estimate may seem but it must be observed that the
;
large There principal towns in this part of Africa are from ten to twelve miles in circuit, and densely peopled. are thousands of houses in such towns, and each house usually contains from twenty-five to sixty-five The large towns of the Yoruba kingdom are, -Ibadar), Ide, If 6, Iwo, Idiaye, Oyo or Ago-Odza persons.
the capital, Ogbomoso, Ofa, Ikisi, Isaki, Isehirj, Igana, and Isabe and besides these crowded cities there are a multitude of smaller towns containing each fi'om two to fifteen thousand The kingdom of people. Yoruba embraces the two former kingdoms of If and Isehii), which are now integral parts of the nation.
;
Another ancient
mountains.
among the
The entire Yoruba country, comprising the eight kingdoms above mentioned, has an area of about fifty thousand square miles, with a population of nearly two millions. The extent of sea-coast claimed by the two kingdoms of Lagos and Idiebu is about two hundred miles. The Slave Coast, of which Lagos is nearly the immense drift, which left the coarser materials
by the sands of an and partly by the gradual upheaval of the land an action which is still going on, not only here, but at El Mina and Cape Coast Castle. For these reasons the sea grows deeper quite slowly from the sandy beach, which is always lashed by a violent and dangerous surf. The various little rivers which descend with a rapid current from Yoruba are compelled to creep along the coast within a mile or two of the surf, till they meet with
central point, has been formed partly
the Ogui) at Lagos, where they spread out into a broad lagoon called Osa, and force a tumultuous passage into the sea. Hence the landing at Lagos is always dangerous, although there are about two fathoms water on the bar.
Between Abeokuta and the sea the country is nearly level, quite free from stones, and mostly covered with dense entangled forests. Beyond Abeokuta the surface is undulating or hilly, and is generally well This part of the countty is mostly open or supplied with gneiss, granite, claystone, and quartz rocks.
free
from
forests, therein
It is
worthy
of remark that this whole region is entirely free from swamps. The streams arc clear, rapid, and rocky, and the soil is everywhere dry and firm. From the sea to the interior the surface of the country rises gradually and almost imperceptibly, and yet so rapidly, that the tides do not extend ten miles above the
mouth
of the Ogui),
at the
Ogbomoso
is
five feet
above
the level of Lake Osa at Lagos. The chain of mountains formerly marked on the
maps
of
Yoruba has no
rugged
existence.
in the country consist of isolated peaks, or little clusters of surrounding plains, sometimes to a height of a thousand feet.
hills,
which
rise
and the East Indies are noticed in that work. Pine-apples arc never found here in the forests, as they are in Liberia;* and there is but one species of Datura, whereas on the Gold Coast there are two, one of which has a double and sometimes a triple corolla. The Cactus, which at grows so
vigorously
Cape
Coast Castle,
is
Grape-vines of
In the Yoruba language the pine-apple is called okpaimbo (okpe ambo), the white maii'g palm. The orange also appears to have been received from the whites, as it is called orombo (oro ambo), the white man's manyo.
Xll
INTBODUCTION.
are
the interior plains. Some of them species produce large fruit, but too dry and insipid to be valuable. African travellers have erroneously reported that various plants, as the castor-oil bean, sesame, red The mistake has arisen from seeing such plants on deserted pepper, cotton, &c., are indigenous in Africa. farms, overgrown with bushes, and perhaps far away from 'any which is now inhabited. The
three or four distinct place
existence of indigenous coffee is doubtful. the leaves were certainly narrower and
Indies.
common on
But a
have seen the so-called native coffee-trees in gardens, and yellower than those of the plants introduced from the West which was triumphantly pointed out as coffee happened to be in flower,
I
at once that it belonged to a totally different family. The probability is that the slavers of former days planted coffee-trees, which are now found occasionally growing in the woods. Among cultivated plants we may mention Indian corn of the variety grown in our Southern States, and yams similar to those of the West Indies, as staple articles of food. The yam is indigenous, and all
the cultivated varieties have been reclaimed from the forests where they still grow. It is a traditional saying that yams were the primitive food of man. The first man made an attempt to eat a raw yam, but pronounced it unfit for human food. Afterwards one, accidentally lying near his fire, became roasted ; and this was the first discovery in the important art of cooking. Indian corn is said to have been brought from beyond the Niger by a. yellow monkey. It may not be irrelevant to remark that the natives
sometimes
call foreigners
monkeys by way of
out,
derision.
!
When
a white
man
Oibo
akiti
odo),
agba The white man is an old baboon what is beaten or cleansed in a mortar.
Maize
is
of food are, Guinea corn or sorghum, of four varieties, called baba, homo, gero, and several kinds of beans ; pea-nuts, both and oily and mealy ; sweet potatoes ; onions various herbs of little value. The fruits are, oranges, limes, pawpaws, plantains, bananas, and a few
;
pine-apples.
The
oro, or
mango, and a
little
fruits that
can be eaten.
;
home consumption, and some attempt to raise tobacco but neither of these plants succeeds well. The cotton fails, to use a planter's phrase, by " running to weed," i. e. the joints of the branches where the pods appear are much too far apart, and the blooms are often fruitless. The defect of the tobacco is a want of strength and flavor. The weeds attendant on cultivation are similai' to those of our Southern States so much so, indeed, that a careless observer would
Most farmers plant a
cotton for
;
scarcely perceive a difference between a corn-field in Yoruba and one in Georgia or Alabama. As the inhabitants of Yoruba are all crowded together in towns, and derive their support from circum-
broad belt of country, jacent farms, at least two thirds of their fine region is given up to wild beasts. once populous but now totally desolated by war, extends from near the sea to the Niger, running to the eastward of Abeokuta, and to the westward of Idiaye, Oyo, and Ogbomoso. Between the towns there
are other desert regions, some of which are twenty miles in breadth. As these partially wooded prairies are covered with grass from eight to twelve feet in height, and the people are not addicted to hunting, the numerous population of the country has not greatly diminished the abundance of animal life. Hyenas
prowl around the walls of large towns, and people are sometimes attacked and killed by leopards in the Even the chase-loving Anglo-Saxon would find it impossible to extirpate the wild adjacent farms.
animals on the plains of Yoruba, so long as they remain covered with grass, which impedes the progress of the horseman.
The following brief sketch may give some idea of the animals known to exist in this part of Africa. The monkey tribe affords several interesting species, some of which I have not seen in the Zoological Gardens of London, or in any other collection. The most remarkable of these creatures is the well known Chimpanzee, which is found in several of the larger forests of Yoruba. The full-grown male is nearly
four feet in height. His weapons of defence are his tusks, which are truly formidable and his strength is so that the negroes consider him as more than a match for a man. He never defends himself with great, sticks or stones, never walks upright, and never builds a shelter or so much as a nest to defend himself or
;
young against the weather. He is generally seen on the trees, making prodigious leaps from branch to The face of the young Chimpanzee is branch, and exhibiting all the habits of other monkeys. human-like but after the appearance of the tusks, it becomes disgustingly prognathous. remarkably Hyenas are rather common, but I was not able to determine by examination whether or not they differ
his
;
is a noiseless creature which prowls in solitude. confirmed by Lander, lions are common in Barba According and northern Yoruba; but I have never hoard of one's being seen east of the Oguq river. Leopards are common everywhere. Though not so fierce here as in the forests of Liberia, they sometimes, as remarked above, seize men even on the farms. In 1855, an instance of this kind occurred within three
The adiako,
or wild dog,
is
which
INTRODUCTION".
XIU
There are several smaller miles of Ogbomoso, which is surrounded for miles by a well cultivated country. animals of the cat-tribe, some of which are spotted like Leopards. more numerous in the forests of Barba. Elephants are common on the prairies of Yoruba, and still
intrude into the farms, and are not regarded as mischievous animals but the people have The hippopotamus is confined to the deep waters considerable aversion to meeting them on the plains. of the Osa and the Niger. I believe the rhinoceros is never seen in this region ; but the people have heard of it as existing somewhere in the interior. There are two species of wild boar, the larger of which
They seldom
said to be very fierce the smaller kind is frequently killed and brought into market, A species of Hyrax, different occupation, similar shrill cry, is common among the mountains.
is
;
by men who make hunting their from that of the Cape, but uttering a
This country nourishes several species of Antelope, some of which are very small, while otliere are twice the size of the common American deer. species of Buffalo, called in Sierra Leone the "jack-ass
cow," is frequently seen in Yoruba, sometimes singly, but commonly in small droves of ten or twelve. Birds are very numerous. Among them may be mentioned, a large and a small eagle, both rare ; two species of vulture, several kinds of hawks and falcons, some of which are migratory ; a booted owl one quite large ; orioles red and parti-colored sparrows ; a blackish mocking-bird with an orange breast,
; ;
; swallows; several species of the whip-poor-will family, including the curious longshafted "goat-sucker" of Sierra Leone; larks; various creepers ; crows; sunbirds ; kingfishers, one small species of which feeds on buttei'flies ; horn-bills ; parrots ; two species of Guinea hen ; a large and a
a beautiful songster
small partridge ; quails ; several species of doves storks and adjutants. I have seen but one species of Tortoise, a small kind, eight or ten inches in length, which lives in the to the natives, there are two species of crocodiles. The several specimens which I prairies. According have seen appeared to be intermediate between the true crocodile and the alligator. One of them, seen
;
in the Ogui) river, was probably twelve feet or more in Lizards are very numerous some of length. I have Caught several Chameleons. them, analogous to the iguana, are two feet long. They creep along
;
very slowly, as
if
wounded and
in pain
is
None of the lizards are thought to be poisonous by the natives. The largest is the python, which, I believe, never attains a greater
length
than about
There are no water-snakes. natives speak of another species nearly as large. green snake and a black viper are the only ones said to be poisonous. I have seen two kinds of Snails, one of which, the Achatina, is found seven or eight inches in length.
fifteen feet.
;
The
Good Oysters are found on the sea-coast in some localities they The principal mangrove trees, presenting a curious spectacle.
water
shell-fish
are a Muscle,
resembling that of the United States, and another, found in the rapids of the Oguig in appearance to the oyster. The taste is very unsavory.
But Insects, and especially flies, fleas, and mosquitoes, are not so numerous as might perhaps be expected. ants of several species are in abundance. One species, which the natives call ota, the stmger, is frequently useful as an enemy of the termes, which devours every dry vegetable substance within its reach. Another
species very like the ota
is
called
in
it
moves
"the driver" in Liberia, and idzalo, the fighter which countless multitudes, and attacks every living thing in
makes one
its
go, in
way with
the
two species of Scorpion, the black, about seven inches in length, and the yellow or brown, After being stung three times by yellow smaller, but is said to be more dangerous. and knowing others to be stung by both species, I regard them as far less poisonous than some scorpions, have reported. Centipedes are seen in Yoruba, but I have never known a pereon to be stung by them.
Tliere are
is
which
much
The natives affirm that the Spiders of that country are entirely harmless, and I have never seen one of that hideous kind, resembling a tarantula, which is so much dreaded in the Mendi country, west of Gallinas.
As the Landers passed through the Iketu country, they saw innumerable swarms of Butterflies. I have once seen the same myself in the same region, and nowhere else. On one occasion, when descending the Ogui) river, we met millions of Dragonflies, about one-fourth of an inch in length, making their way up
the country by following the couree of the stream. In order to observe all the phases of animal life which this region exhibits, a man must reside there for several years, and visit the forests, mountains, and plains at different seasons. The same remark applies equally to the vegetation of the country. When we arrive at the highest lands between .the sea and the Niger, we enter a new climate, and a new,
or at least a modified, zoological and botanical region. The climate of the different sections of Yoruba extending from Lagos to Nufe, though similar in
its
XIV
main
INTRODUCTION.
The lower countries, from Lagos to Idiaye at Oyer, features, is quite difFereirt in some particulars. are remarkable for a rather strong breeze which blows incessantly from the sea, generally from the southThe course of this wind must be attributed cliiefly west, but varying occasionally to the west or south.
If it were occasioned by the heat of the Great Desert, I to the shape of this part of the continent. suppose it would continue to blow in, the same direction for several hundred miles into the interior of the
country.
In
point
of fact,
very variable. In consequence of the south-western breeze, the climate of the low country is quite damp, the dews very heavy, and the niglit air so chilly that we found it dangerous to go out after twilight. But during my stay at Il9rir), in April, 1855, the nights were so much warmer than any I had before experienced in
walk
Africa that, instead of being obliged to retire to my room immediately after sunset, I found it pleasant to in the yard of the house at or 10 o'clock in the evening, and sometimes without a coat.
swamps in this country, it is probable that all the interior regions of Yoruba, those of the northern watershed sloping towards the Niger, are as healthy as any other particularly country within the tropics. I believe that the natives at least enjoy as good health as those of any part
of the temperate zone. Yoruba has the advantage of two rainy seasons. The "former rains" commence about the first of March, and increase till the sun has reached the Tropic of Cancer. After the middle of July there is
As
there are no
months.
till about the first of October then the "latter rains" commence, and continue for about two During December, January, and February, there is no rain except an occasional shower produced by a chilly wind from the north-east, which is called Oye by the natives, and Ilarmattan by the whites. But the moisture produced by these showers is speedily evaporated by the excessive dryness of the Harmattan, which generally continues to blow for two or three days. The eff'ects of the dry season are very decided ; the grass on the prairies is withered and dried up, many kinds of trees cast their leaves, and most of the smaller streams cease to flow. During my stay in the country, the thennometer ranged from 60 (when the Harmattan was blowing) to 9l'S on one occasion at Ogbomoso. The highest reading at Idzaye was 93, and the lowest 68. The average for the dry season, both at Idiaye and Ogbomoso, wiis about the same, viz. within a The differences indicated by the wet and dry bulbs of the hygrometer during the dry fraction of 82, season varied from 0'2, one morning after rain had fallen, to 25 under the influence of the Harmattan ; and the averages for December, January, and February, were 5 at Idzaye, and 9 at Ogbomosg, fifty miles further in the interior. At the latter place, during the two rainy seasons, including the interval of delightful weather between them, the thermometer varied from V0 to 85, and the hygrometer from 0'6
little
rain
to 9.
as light-colored as
arc black and have woolly hair, but we occasionally meet with individuals who are fully American Indians. Tliis color is hereditary in certain families ; and it is a curious fact may seem to be lost, it sometimes reappeai-s in subsequent generations. Individuals of this
even
among
the Kroomen.
among the Yorubas and other tribes of the interior, but among the Iboes, and They are called "red men" in Africa, though their color is not exactly that of
is
Indians, nor yet of mulattoes, and red men are found in the interior.
something wholly
of
Ilorir)
distinct
from albinism.
spoke of a tribe of pastoral people called Alabawo, Hide-wearers, who are said to be decidedly light-colored. They build no towns, but live in leather tents, which they pitch in the form of a circular village, and remove from place to place for the sake of Their language is said to be the Fulfude or Fellatah ; but they have no political connexion pasturage.
The people
They are Mohammedans, acquainted with books, excellent horsemen, brave, and rapacious. Caille mentions a tribe of Fulahs who were heathens and quite distinct from other Fulahs in language and habits. In fact they were not Fulahs, although resembling them in color. The Mandingoes, also, and others in that region, are not true negroes, either in color or features. It seems reasonable to suppose that the red men among the Yorubas had the same origin as the red
Pulohs and other red
tribes of the interior.
On
it is
of these people to climate or to other that an extensive conjectural causes, when we have good evidence of the black and white races has taken in the countries where most of the mulattoes amalgamation place
INTRODUCTION.
are
XV
this
now
found.
We
may
admit in advance
tliat
amalgamation
may be
For instance, king Belo of Sokoto may be mistaken, wlien he asserts in his History spurious or doubtful. of Takroor* that Bornu was peopled by an Egyptian colony. Still it is undeniable that a strong Caucasian
intermixture extends from the
Tsad
just here, at the last named point, that we first meet with the red Pulohs, Ilausa, Bambara, &c., to the Senegal and the Atlantic Ocean.
and
it is
who
extend through
men
As
Intercourse in peace and war, they often intermix with the blacks of Negro-land, and their half-caste The color, however, is different, being, as before offspring are as light-colored as mulattoes in America.
observed, a more healthy and pleasing red, something between that of the mulatto and the North American Indian. When these African mulattoes intermarry with negroes, their children are more or
but their features and the texture of their skin afford unmistakable evidence that they are not pure negroes. They assume, in fact, the very appearance of the Mandingoes, whose peculiarities have been attributed to climate. Now, if there had been no amalgamation of races to the eastward of Lake Tsad, the intermixture constantly going on along the southern borders of the Desert is sufficient to account
less
black
for all the types of mankind found in Sudan. The red Pulohs, who are a numerous class, correspond exactly to the half-breed offspring of negroes and the people of the Desert, while the darker Pulohs and the Mandingoes correspond to the descendants of such mulattoes and negroes. It is a curious fact,
however, that some of the Pulohs at Iloriij are lighter colored and more of the white man in every respect than any half-blood mulatto I have ever seen either in America or Africa. But even in these cases the
and tie it under the chin. sufficiently long for the women to plait it overran Sndan in the tenth century, left many descendants and these, of In short, there is no want of evidence that the light color of many course, were not pure negroes. families and tribes in Sudan may have resulted from amalgamation. When we see that the children of a
hair
is
it
grows
who
brown Moor and a black woman of Yoruba or Nufc are red, we very naturally conclude that all the red people in the country are of mixed blood. On the whole, then, the origin of the red or mulatto-colored men whom we find in Africa is more easily accounted for than the origin of the blacks. But we return to the Yorubas, who are certainly negroes, if we except a few red men or mulattoes. They are not generally, however, such negroes as are frequently met with in the forests of Guinea and Many of the Yoruba people, like those again, it seems, on the Benue river, in the heart of the continent.f of Nufe and other countries, have kandsome liands and feet, pleasing features, and well developed foreheads, and are altogether noble-looking men. The traditions of the Yoruba people as to the origin of their tribe are obscure and contradictory. They generally affirm that mankind were created at IfS, a considerable town in the eastern part of the Yoruba country. Sometimes they speak of If5 as being four months' journey distant, as though the present town of that name were confounded with some other place of which the people retain an obscure The word If6 appears to be derived from fS, to enlarge ; in which case it signifies traditional recollection.
enlargement.
Notwithstanding the prevailing belief that men were created at If |, I have been informed by some They were driven from intelligent natives, that the Yoruba people once lived in Nufe beyond the Niger. After retreating this position by war, at a time when the river was much swollen and difficult to cross.
some time, they founded the present city of If |, whence colonies were afterwards sent, first to Igboh6, and then to Oyo,J; Lander's Bohoo and Katanga or Eyeo. Igboho finally became the capital of Yoruba as a kingdom independent of Ife. In subsequent times the seat of government was transferred to Oyo^ where it remained till the city was destroyed by the Pulohs, about the year 1835. The king then removed his residence to Ago-Odia, the Tent-Market, which at present is commonly called Oyo. It would seem that Yoruba proper was once divided into three provinces, Ibakpa in the west, Ibolo in the east, and Oyo (Eyeo or Ilio) in the north. At least the three principal dialects of the language are
for
still
called
is
which
by these names. The Dictionary contained in the present considered the standard by a majority of the natives.
work
is
chiefly in the
Oyo
dialect,
* See the extracts from Belo's Ilistory in tlie Appendix to Denham and Clapperton's Travels in Africa, vol. ii. f See Crowther's Journal of the Chadda Expedition in 1854. X Igho, forest ; \\\o, sho'Uing, clamor ; Ighoho, the clamorou/! or noisy forest, i.e. "the howling wilderness." probably escape, from yo, to escape. This might indicate that Oj-o was their first settlement west of the Niger.
Oyo,
XVi
INTRODUCTION.
EELIGIOUS BELIEF.
Yoniba is a curious mixture of pure theism and idolatry. All the people believe in one the creator and preserver of all things, whom they generally call Ol9rui) (6 li orui)), the universal God, Owner or Lord of Heaven, and sometimes by other names, as Olodumare, the Ever-Righteotis, Oga-Ogo, Glorious High One, Oluwa, Lord, &c. They hold the doctrines of the immortality of tlie soul and of
The
religion of
Hades.
Oke-orui), the
but on these points their notions are obscure. All the dead are in Upper Hades, is the abode of the righteous, and Oruq-akpadi, the Crucible;
Hades, is the place of punishment. Their idols are never confounded with God, either in name or character. They are called ori^a, a name which appears to be derived fi'om asa, customs, or religious ceremonies. Among the numerous Obatal4 is thought to be the orisas worshipped there arc three great ones, called Obatala, Sapgo, and Ifa.
first
made and greatest of all created things. Others, however, affirm that he was nothing more than an His name Obatala appears to be ancient king of Yoruba, and they profess to tell the name of his father. a contraction of oba ti nlA, the king who is great, or of oba ti ala, the king of whiteness, i.e. purity.
A
;
white cloth (ala) is worn by his worshippers. Some of his other names are, Orisa nla, the great orisa Alamorere, he of the good clay, because he made the human body of clay and Orisa kpokpo, the orisa of the gate, because he is the guardian of the gates of cities. He is frequently represented as a warrior on a spear. His wife, lyaijgba, the receiving mother, is represented as nursing a child. horseback, holding
;
But Iyar)gba herself is Obatal4. The two are one, or in other words, Obatala is an androgyne, repreof nature as Obataja forms distinguished from the creative power of God. senting the productive energy the bodies of men ; but God himself imparts life and spirit, and God alone is styled Eledai or produces
The
The second great orisa is Saijgo, the thunder god, who is also called Dzakuta, the Stone-caster. In stones or thunderbolts which Sar)g6 casts down from heaven are preserved as sacred relics. are identical with the so-called stone-hatchets picked up in the fields of America ; but appearance they
Creator.
for battle-axes, or leather dressing implements, or emblematic thundernot easily determined. According to one account, Saijgo was born at If 5, and reigned at Ikoso, a town recently destroyed, which stood thirty or forty miles south of Isaki. He was much addicted to predatory wars, in commemoration
bolts, is
When a house is struck by lightning, of which his worshippers still carry a bag, as the emblem of booty. they have a right to pillage it, and also to steal as many goats and chickens as they can find at large in
any part of the town. They affirm that their master was translated alive to heaven, where he reigns in a palace with gates of brass, and ten thousand horses, and amusing himself with great state, having and war. hunting, fishing,
But the abstract Saqg6 is quite a diS'erent being. He is the son of Oruijgai), midday, and the grandson His mother is liemodia, the mother of fishes, a small river in Yoruba. His elder of Agaijdzu, the desert. brother is Dada, nature, one of the Yoruba idols his younger brother is the river Oguq, which bears the
;
name
Orisako, the
god of farms
his slave
Ifa,
The
is
rivers Oya, Osur), and Oba his associate is darkness; and his priest is Magba, the receiver. the revealcr of future event, and the patron of marriage and childbirth.
is Biri,
He
Banga, the god of palm-nuts, because sixteen palm-nuts are employed in obtaining responses. The head-quarters of Ifa are at Ado, a village on the top of an immense rock near Awaye. There are several other idols of note, as Odudua, the universe, Xocai^d. at Ife; J) a.<ik, nature ; and These bars are obtained at a great cost Orisako, the god of farms, whose symbol is a large iron bar.
is
called
from the high priest of the idol, who dwells at Irawo. Many of the inferior idols are men and women who were distinguished in their day by some remarkable relation to the tribe. The doctrine of idolatry prevalent in Yoruba appears to be derived by analogy from the form and
customs of the
civil
government.
There
is
but one king in the nation, and one God over the universe.
;
Petitioners to the king approach him through the intervention of his servants, courtiers, and nobles and the petitioner conciliates the courtier whom he employs by good words and presents. In like manner
no man can
orisas,
directly
approach God
but the Almighty himself, they say, has appointed various kinds of
who
No
sacrifices are
made
to
God,
because he needs nothing ; but the orisas, being much like men, are pleased with offerings of sheep, They conciliate the orisa, or mediator, that he may bless them, not in his pigeons, and other things. own power, but in the power of God.
As
the people
make a
clear distinction
idols, so
an
idol,
which
is
INTRODUCTION.
is is
XVU
thought to have
have.
A charm or amulet its symbol,* which may be an image, a tree, or a stone. much power, but it is not an orisa. It has no life and no intelligence as the ori^as White men are generally much mistaken in regard to the religion and superstition of the negroes.
is
They suppose
that the idols are looked upon as gods that the symbol is the idol ; and that a greegree, or all of which is incorrect. charm, " devils." The natives themselves speak of It is usual among Europeans to call the idols of the natives
an object of worship
in the existence of various other evil spirits. In the Yoruba language only one devil, though they believe the devil is called E^u, the Ejected, from su, to cast out ; and Elegbara, the Mighty, on account of his great The name Ebilisi has been borrowed from the Pulohs, and by them from the influence over mankind.
Arabs.
The
devil
is
The
power of civil government deified most usual among the Egbas, who term the punishment of criminals " giving them to Oro.' On Oro day all women arc obliged to remain closely shut up in their houses. Egupguq, or the " Aku Devil," makes his appearance in the person of a tall fellow, fantastically clad and masked, and is declared and if to be a tenant of the grave. No one, not even the king, may dare to lay his hand on Egnqgug woman should say he is a man, she would be put to death. Even Mohammedans and Christians are any obliged to conceal their knowledge of the imposture under penalty of martyrdom.
latter is
;
INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS.
of the people of interior Africa are more advanced in civilization than those on the coast. The barbarism of the coast people is attributable to the dense forests in which they live, to the sparsedeeper ness of the population, and to the vicious and idle habits which have naturally resulted from the slave
Most
trade.
The degree of civilization which exists in the interior is probably very ancient. King Belo, already quoted, may not be correct when he afiirms that the ancient Copts colonized Bornu ; but we have independent evidence of an early, if not extensive, intercourse between Central Africa and Egypt. The Popo beads which are dug from the earth in the south-eastern part of Yoruba, and in countries east of
the Niger, are identical in appearance with the beads found on the Egyptian mummies. Several of the arts and customs of Yoruba and other interior countries are Egyptian in their character ; and the use of cowries for money must have been introduced from the east, since none of these shells are found in the
Atlantic.
The most important industrial pursuits of the Yorubas are agriculture, blacksraithing, and the manufacture of clothing. Unoccupied land is common property, and free for any one to cultivate. But each man has an exclusive When a farm is sold, the fruit-trees to his own farm, whether in actual cultivation or in fallow.
right
remain the property of the former owner, unless they are specially mentioned in the contract. Except a few hedges of Jatropha, Curcans, and Euphorbia, in the immediate vicinity of towns, there are no fences in the country; because there are not many cattle, and these are always under the care of keepers. Disputes concerning the boundaries of farms or fallow lands are generally settled at once by the neighbors.
Although the Yorubas are an agricultural people, their implements The usual tools of the farmer are, an axe, three inches in or heavy pruning-knife, for cutting bushes; and an oval hoe, with a hook, Ploughs and carts are entirely imknown. Their oxen, though large and
description.
are few and of a very simple width, for felling trees ; a bill-
feet in length.
employed for which are usually small, though well formed, are used exclusively for the saddle. Yams are planted in large hills in January and February, and are matured in August and September. The first crop of maize is planted between the middle of February and the first of April, and ripens in July
labor
;
and the
horses,
Some of these symbols, occasionally engraved on the temple doors of Obatala, deserve a more special notice. On Another has a female figure with one hand and several distinct panels are seen a fish, a land tortoise, and a serpent. one foot, probably a half Obatala, or the female principle of Nature. This figure is remarkable for having a queue of
very long hair (which no negro can have) with a ball or globe at the end. Opposite to this are the male and female They are represented in the natural forms, and are never disguised by being formed into a handled cross, for instance, as they were in Egypt. Phallic worship is practised, but, I believe, without impurity.
XVm
;
INTRODUCTION.
and August tbe second crop is planted chiefly in August or the latter part of July. As the heavy rains May and June are not favorable to the growth of cotton, it is planted in July in December the crop is cut short by the dry season. Maize and yams are generally housed in the farms where they grow, and In case the town is large, some of the into town in small quantities to supply the daily market. brought farms may be ten or even twenty miles distant but all the produce is brought in on the heads of the owners. Pack-horses and asses, though employed east of the Niger, are never seen in Yoruba. I have travelled with a caravan of two or three thousand persons, all of whom carried their goods in packages on
of
; ;
their heads.
Some parts of the country are rich in ore, from which the people obtain a very good quality of iron. As the smelters are not communicative, I can only state what I have seen as to tlieir manner of working. The furnace is a pit in a house, and may be entered either by the door or by an underground passage which emerges twenty' or thirty feet from the building. The broken ore is placed in the furnace with a number of well dried clay tubes, about an inch in diameter and fifteen inches in layers of charcoal
;
length, are inserted into the mass of ore and coal, I think at the bottom. Although no bellows are the heat is so intense that the ends of these tubes are partially vitrified. The iron is sold to employed,
blacksmiths,
who manufacture
it
chains and staples, all of rude workmanship. The smiths' bellows are identical in principle with those of the ancient Egyptians and Greeks. The large anvil is a stone, the smaller one a block of iron. Copper, brass, and silver are wrought by the same smith
sickles, bill-hooks, swords, knives, razors, scissors, needles,
The Yoruba carpenter employs himself chiefly in the manufacture of bowls, mortars, and door shutters. His principal tools are wedges for splitting trees, an axe, and an adze. The carver who makes images of wood, or carves figures on doors and calabashes, works chiefly with knives. The ornamental engraving of calabashes appears to be a thrifty business. Considerable numbers of people are engaged in the production of clothing. Cotton is freed from the seeds by rolling it under a small iron cylinder on a smooth It is then whipped with a bow to piece of wood. prepare it for spinning, which is done with a distaff. The yarn is sold to the weavers every evening in market, and the cloth given to the tailors, who cut and make garments. Thread is warped on pins driven into the ground, and then fonned into a large ball instead of being wound upon a beam. With the exception of the thread beam, the parts of an African loom are the same as those of hand-looms in our own country but the implement is so small, that the
;
scarcely six inches in width. Among the other employments of the people we may mention the manufacture of earthen pots and vessels for cooking and eating; the dyeing of cloth with indigo, which grows abundantly on the farms; the dressing of black, red, yellow, and white morocco, and the making of it into shoes and saddles ; the
is
cloth
manufacture of various
tiful articles
oils,
;
chiefly
from the palm-nut, the fruit of the shea-butter tree, and the seeds of the manufacture of beads from broken palm-nuts and from jasper, both beau-
tobacco
So
the making of soap ; and the grinding of snuff, which is practised in every town. poor, it is always ground with carbonate of soda from the desert, to give it pungency. far as I could ascertain, the art of making glass is confined to three towns in Nnfe, one of
is
As
the
which
is
kept a profound secret. There is no legal or customary restraint as to the choice of occupations, except that it is not reputable for women to labor on the farms. In their favorite capacity of traders, however, they are constantly engaged in bringing the produce which they have purchased from the farms to the market. Many poor
art is
This
women also obtain a living by supplying the market with firewood, which they sometimes bring from a distance of six or eight miles. Others gather large leaves, which they sell by the basketful to the market women to be employed as wrapping paper. The other employments of females are housework, spinning,
washmg, soap-makmg, and the manufacture of earthenware. The cultivation of the soil, blacksmithing, wood work, weaving, tailoring, and the barber's trade, are performed by men. All the Africans, and none more so than the people of Yoruba, are addicted to traffic. Their trade
with the people nearer the coast consists in palm oil, ivory, cotton cloths, indigo, iron, horses, cattle, sheep, (fee; for which they receive cheap guns and powder, calicoes, velvet, salt, and other articles from Europe and America. Their inland trade embraces the foregoing and many other commodities, including large quantities of soda, and some fine horses, worth several hundred doUare each, from Hausa and Bornu. Uides, coffee, and a superior kind of indigo will be among the future exports.
thousands of people.
In the present condition of the countr}', without roads or vehicles, the traffic gives employment to Sometimes a single caravan consists of hundreds and even thousands of persons of
INTRODUCTION.
XIX
both sexes. Their only travelling equipment is a mat to sleep on, a coarse cotton sheet for a cover, a small bag containing provisions, and a little earthen pot to warm the sauce, which, with yams and preA carrier's burden varies in weight from forty to eighty pounds. parations of corn, is the universal diet. As there are neither weights nor standard measures in the country, such articles as salt, soda, and oil are sold from town to town by the load till they reach a consumer. of life, are held daily in all the towns Markets, for the sale of provisions and other common necessaries On these but the large market for the sale of general merchandise is usually held every fifth day. At Ilorii), the greatest market occasions we frequently see thousands of people busily engaged in traffic.
;
in the country,
which is held daily owing to the abundance of business, there are men from every part of Central Africa, and frequently from Tripoli and other countries of the North. The merchandise includes a great variety of articles, African, European, and Asiatic, from a slave to a ready-made pen and a bottle
of ink.
Owing to the frequent wars which afflict the country, and partly perhaps to the gregarious disposition Even the farmers, who are obliged to pass many of their of the people, they invariably reside in towns. All the towns in the in the distant fields, never erect a better dwelling than a hut in the country. nights interior are surrounded by rather strong mud walls five or six feet in height, with a deep ditch on the
The gates are closed at night with heavy shutters and guarded by keepers. All the streets, except the few which lead from African towns are never laid out in a regular manner. The broader the gates to the market, are very narrow, and intersect each other at every possible angle. are beautifully shaded with wide-spreading trees. Architecture streets, the markets, and other open spaces unknown. The houses, from the palace to the dwellings of the poorest people, are built of mud is
outside.
wholly
same form, that of a large square inclosed by a which is open to the sky, is entered Most of the rooms are scarcely six feet between the dirt floor a large gate with a heavy board shutter. by and the fire-proof ceiling of sticks and mortar overhead, and the usual dimensions are six or seven feet in width by twelve or fifteen feet in length. As there is only one low door and no windows, these rooms are always dark. During the day, the people sit in the piazza which extends in front of the rooms when they retire to rest at night, or enter a room by day, they use an earthen lamp supplied with oil. The Africans have no chairs, tables, or bedsteads their furniture consists of mats, earthen pots, bags, and gourds. Their food is taken with the fingers from a deep earthen dish. A sort of sauce comof meats and vegetables, or of vegetables and oil only, and highly seasoned with red pepper, is posed a universal article of diet. They never roast or boil joints of meat in Yoruba. Yams are prepared to be eaten with sauce, either by simply boiling, or by boiling and pounding with the addition of water to the Indian corn is first soaked till it becomes a little sour, then pounded or consistence of wheaten dough. on a flat stone with a small stone cylinder or rubber, and the starch, after being washed out in ground
and covered with a thatch of
grass.
They
are
all
of the
manner of a
fort.
The
interior court,
pure water, is boiled down to the consistence of thick paste. This food is much used, both diluted as a warm drink in the morning, and cold in the form of round dumplings, which are wrapped in leaves for When they make bread, it is fried, never baked. Very little milk is used except at Il9rii). sale.
Most of the laboring people take their breakfast at an early hour in the streets, around the pots of women At noon they eat in the farms or wherever they may happen to be, and their prepare food for sale. supper is taken just before they retire to sleep. The flesh of sheep, goats, and cows is sold daily in the market but the people use it sparingly. Fish is not plentiful in Yoruba except on the larger streams.
who
The
dress of the
men
consists of trowsers or short breeches, a tunic or a kind of shirt without sleeves, The head, which in general is smoothly shaven, is else a large flowing gown.
is
woman's
dress
is
com-
posed of three wrappers, two around the waist and one over the shoulders, but the last is often laid aside. Women do not shave their heads except as a mark of mourning. Their usual headdress is a fillet of cloth. Horsemen wear a sort of shoes and sometimes boots. Travellers who go on foot frequently wear sandals ;
but most of the people of both sexes generally go barefoot. Boys are usually provided with breeches, or at least an apron, at the age of five or six ; but girls of ten or twelve years often appear in the streets, from Most of the Yorubas are cleanly in their habits, choice, wearing nothing but their beads and bracelets.
finely dressed.
Tlie older men meet principal amusement of the young people is dancing to the sound of drums. together under the shady trees to talk, and sometimes to play a sort of draughts and other games of a similar
nature.
The
Several times in a year the whole population enjoy tlie recreation of religious festivals, the On these occasions they 9d(ii), or new year, occurs about the first of October.
XVIU
INTRODUCTION.
and August the second crop is planted chiefly in August or the latter part of July. As the heavy rains May and June are not favorable to the growth of cotton, it is planted in July in December the crop is cut short by the dry season. Maize and yams are generally housed in the farms where they grow, and town is large, some of the brought into town in small quantities to supply the daily market. In case the farms may be ten or even twenty miles distant but all the produce is brought in on the heads of the owners. Pack-horses and asses, though employed east of the Niger, are never seen in Yoruba. I have travelled with a caravan of two or three thousand persons, all of whom carried their goods in packages on
;
of
their heads.
Some parts of the country are rich in ore, from which the people obtain a very good quality of iron. As the smelters are not communicative, I can only state what I have seen as to their manner of working. The furnace is a pit in a house, and may be entered either by the door or by an underground passage which emerges twent}' or thirty feet from the building. The broken ore is placed in the furnace with a number of well dried clay tubes, about an inch in diameter and fifteen inches in layers of charcoal
;
Although no bellows are length, are inserted into the mass of ore and coal, I think at the bottom. employed, the heat is so intense that the ends of these tubes are partially vitrified. The iron is sold to
axes, adzes, hoes, chains and staples, all of rude workmanship. The smiths' bellows are identical in principle with those of the ancient Egyptians and Greeks. The large anvil is a stone, the smaller one a block of iron. Copper, brass, and silver are wrought by the same smith
blacksmiths,
who manufacture
it
The Yoruba carpenter employs himself chiefly in the manufacture of bowls, mortars, and door shutters. His principal tools are wedges for splitting trees, an axe, and an adze. The carver who makes images of wood, or carves figures on doors and calabashes, works chiefly with knives. The ornamental engraving of calabashes appears to be a tlirifty business. Considerable numbers of people are engaged in the production of clothing. Cotton is freed from the seeds by rolling it under a small iron cylinder on a smooth
It is then whipped with a bow to prepare it for spinning, which is done with a distaflf. piece of wood. The yarn is sold to the weavers every evening in market, and the cloth given to the tailors, who cut and
make garments.
Thread is warped on pins driven into the grovind, and then formed into a large ball instead of being wound upon a beam. With the exception of the thread beam, the parts of an African loom are the same as those of hand-looms in our own country ; but the implement is so small, that the
scarcely six inches in width. the other emplojTnents of the people we may mention the manufacture of earthen pots and vessels for cooking and eating; the dyeing of cloth with indigo, which grows abundantly on the farms; the dressing of black, red, yellow, and white morocco, and the making of it into shoes and saddles ; the
cloth
is
Among
manufacture of various
tiful articles
oils,
;
chiefly
from the palm-nut, the fruit of the shea-butter tree, and the seeds of the manufacture of beads from broken palm-nuts and from jasper, both beau;
tobacco
As the snuff, which is practised in every town. with carbonate of soda from the desert, to give it pungency. poor, always ground So far as I could ascertain, the art of making glass is confined to three towns in Nufe, one of which is west of the Niger. This art is kept a profound secret.
the
making of soap
is
it is
There
for
is
women
no legal oi' customary restraint as to the choice of occupations, except that it is not reputable to labor on the farms. In their favorite capacity of tradere, however, they are constantly
produce which they have purchased from the farms to the market.
engaged
in bringing the
Many poor
also obtain a living by supplying the market with firewood, which they sometimes bring from a distance of six or eight miles. Others gather large leaves, which they sell by the basketful to the market
women
women
to be employed as wrapping paper. The other employments of females are housework, spinning, washing, soap-makmg, and the manufacture of earthenware. The cultivation of the soil, blacksmithing, wood work, weaving, tailoring, and the barber's trade, are performed by men. All the Africans, and none more so than the people of Yoruba, are addicted to traffic. Their trade
oil, ivory, cotton cloths, indigo, iron, horses, cattle, sheep, &c.; for which they receive cheap guns and powder, calicoes, velvet, salt, and other articles from Europe and America. Their inland trade embraces the foregoing and many other commodities, including
large quantities of soda, and some fine horses, worth several hundred dollars each, from Hausa and Bornu. Uides, coff'ee, and a superior kind of indigo will be among the future exports. In the present condition of the country, without roads or vehicles, the traffic gives employment to
thousands of people.
Sometimes a
IXTKODUCTION.
XIX
both sexes. Their only travelling equipment is a mat to sleep on, a coarse cotton sheet for a cover, a small bag containing provisions, and a little earthen pot to warm the sauce, which, with yams and precarrier's burden varies in weight from forty to eighty pounds. parations of corn, is the universal diet
there are neither weights nor standard measures in the country, such articles as sold from town to town by the load till they reach a consumer.
As
salt,
soda,
and
oil
are
Markets, for the sale of provisions and other common necessaries of life, are held daily in all the towns ; On these but the large market for the sale of general merchandise is usually held every fifth day. At Iloriq, the greatest market occasions we frequently see thousands of people busily engaged in traffic.
which is held daily owing to the abundance of business, there are men from every part of Central Africa, and frequently from Tripoli and other countries of the North. The merchandise includes a great variety of articles, African, European, and Asiatic, irom a slave to a ready-made pen and a bottle of ink.
in the country,
Owing to the frequent wars which afflict the country, and partly perhaps to the gregarious disposition Even the farmers, who are obliged to pass many of their of the people, they invariably reside in towns. a better dwelling than a hut in the country. All the towns in the nights in the distant fields, never erect interior are surrounded by rather strong mud walls five or six feet in height, with a deep ditch on the
outside.
The gates are closed at night with heavy shutters and guarded by keepers. All the streets, except the few which lead from African towns are never laid out in a regular manner. The broader
Architecture
the gates to the market, are very narrow, and intersect each other at every possible angle. streets, the markets, and other open spaces are beautifully shaded with wide-spreading trees.
is
wholly unknown. The houses, from the palace to the dwellings of the poorest people, are built of mud and covered with a thatch of grass. They are all of the same form, that of a large square inclosed by a The interior court, which is open to the sky, is entered series of single rooms, after the manner of a fort.
by a large gate with a heavy board shutter. Most of the rooms are scarcely six feet between the dirt floor and the fire-proof ceiling of sticks and mortar overhead, and the usual dimensions are six or seven feet in width by twelve or fifteen feet in length. As there is only one low door and no windows, these rooms are always dark. During the day, the people sit in the piazza which extends in front of the rooms
;
at night, or enter a
room by
:
and gourds. Their food is taken with the fingers from a deep earthen dish. A sort of sauce composed of meats and vegetables, or of vegetables and oil only, and highly seasoned with red pepper, is a universal article of diet. ITiey never roast or boil joints of meat in Yoruba. Yams are prepared to be eaten with sauce, either by simply boiling, or by boiling and pounding with the addition of water to the
Indian corn is first soaked till it become? a little sour, then pounded or consistence of wheaten dough. on a flat stone with a small stone cylinder or rubber, and the starch, after being washed out in ground pure water, is boiled down to the consistence of thick paste. This food is much used, both diluted as a
day, they use an earthen lamp supplied with oil. their furniture consists of mats, earthen pots, bags,
warm
sale.
drink in the morning, and cold in the form of round dumplings, which are wrapped in leaves for When they make bread, it is fried, never baked. Very little milk is used except at Il9rii).
who
Most of the laboring people take their breakfast at an early hour in the streets, around the pots of women prepare food for sale. At noon they eat in the farms or wherever they may happen to be, and their
is
supper
market
taken just before they retire to sleep. The flesh of sheep, goats, and cows is sold daily in the but the people use it sparingly. Fish is not plentiful in Yoruba except on the larger streams. ; The dress of the men consists of trowsers or short breeches, a tunic or a kind of shirt without sleeves,
else a large flowing gown. The head, which in general is smoothly shaven, is covered with a tight cloth cap, to which is sometimes added a hat or turban. woman's dress is composed of three wrappers, two around the waist and one over the shoulders, but the last is often laid aside.
do not shave their heads except as a mark of mourning. Their usual headdress is a fillet of cloth. Travellers who go on foot frequently wear sandals sort of shoes and sometimes boots. but most of the people of both sexes generally go barefoot. Boys are usually provided with breeches, or but girls of ten or twelve years often appear in the streets, from at least an apron, at the age of five or six Most of the Yorubas are cleanly in their habits, choice, wearing nothing but their beads and bracelets. and rather fond of being finely dressed.
Women
Horsemen wear a
The principal amusement of the young people is dancing to the sound of drums. The older men meet together under the shady trees to talk, and sometimes to play a sort of draughts and other games of a similar nature. Several times in a year the whole population enjoy the recreation of religious festivals, the of which, called pddi), or new year, occurs about the first of October. On these occasions greatest
they
XX
offer sacrifices
INTKODUCTION.
to the temples
and make charms to promote the prosperity of the town, and have various noisy processions and sacred groves. Once a year, at the close of the dry season, they spend several days in On the chief's hunting day, hundreds of people of both sexes off the prairies and in hunting. burning The game is taken with dogs and clubs, as the use of guns would be dangerous. attend him. The government of the country is a monarchy engrafted on the ancient patriarchal rule. Every house
contains several families under the government of a bal6 or lord of the house, every towmhas its bal& or The adult males are also apportioned under rulers lord of the land, and the whole nation is under a king. who stand intermediate between them and the balS, or governor. The king, the governor, and the head Even the of the family has each his associate or lieutenant, and the elders under him are his counsellors.
king
The laws is bound by the laws of the land, of which the elders are the conservators and exponents. are rigidly are generally good, except in so far as they are connected with idolatry and polygamy. They executed, and sometimes with displeasing promptness ; but causes are always decided by the ruler and his
council according to testimony.
men
feel
improve
is
At Abeokuta
several
the aspirations of intellect, and their desire to hundred persons have learned to read their own
language. Like other rude people, the Yorubas are much addicted to the marvellous. In the opinion of many, the power of a white man is almost infinite. He can look around on all the passing events of the earth, he
can stop the clouds in their course,* and even create cowries whenever he may need them. They seize with avidity on every extravagant story they may hear. Marvellous things have been told me of the asori or igi nla, a tree somewhere in the interior, to which they attribute all the properties of the deadly upas ;
The common people, old men, and grave chiefs have repeatedly fly near it fall dead. affirmed the existence of a unicorn, which they describe as a large antelope with a straight black horn in the middle of its forehead. When I visited Ibriq in 1855, this story was repeated ; and my host, Nasamu, an intelligent Bornese, added others still more wonderful. He assured me that somewhere eastward of
Nufe and Yakobu there was a tribe of men, called Alabiru, who had inflexible tails about six inches in The Alabiru were a very ingenious people, especially in working iron and all the fine swords in length. Sudan were made of iron from their furnaces. Beyond this tribe was another called Alabiwo, distinguished by a small goat-like horn projecting from the top of the head just above the margin of the hair. Somewhere
;
same region was a tribe called Alakere, the tallest of whom were scarcely three feet in height. Being a weak people, the Alakere surrounded their towns with walls of iron. Nasamu had never seen any person of these tribes; but he asserted that there was one of the horned women then in slavery at Ofa, about thirty miles east of Il9riij. She always wore a handkerchief around her head, because she was ashamed of her horn. In reply to my question, whether any of the tailed men were in slavery in or near " Who would have a slave with a tail ?" A few days after this I received a visit from an Ilorii), he replied, Arab trader, who confirmed all the statements of Nasamu, and added others of his own. Among the rest he told of a tribe of people south of Mandara who have four eyes. A Negro from beyond the Niger proceeded to inform me how these eyes are situated in the head, but the Arab corrected him and showed me exactly where each of them is placed. In short, it is manifest that all the floating stories of upas trees, unicorns, &c., have originated with the wandering Arab traders, who are equally distinguished by a In the simple Negroes they find ready listeners to all vivid imagination and a small regard for truth. their wonderful stories, and they were not at all pleased with the incredulity of an-Nasran, the Christian. The moral character of the Yorubas exhibits strong contrasts. On the one hand we are shocked at their occasional human sacrifices, their unlimited polygamy, and their custom of allowing the heir to inherit all
in the
own mother.
manly
Their universal covetousness, their deficiency in regard to On the other hand we see much to admire
At the
close of the
dry season
rt)
cloud,
when an
old farmer
said to
me
Pleat*
let it
rain for vt
INTKODUCTION.
XXI
and to mitigate our judgment even in regard to the bad features of their character. Tliey are naturally kind and simple-hearted, remarkably courteous in their mutual intercourse, and strongly attached to their All the moral virtues, and especially gratitude and honesty, are inculcated country, friends, and kindred.
in their proverbs.
It is a remarkable fact, that although the missionaries have had hundreds of parcels of cowries and supplies brought by native carriers from the coast to their interior stations, there has scarcely been an instance of theft. Adultery and other crimes are much rarer than we could suppose. During my
six years' residence in
knew a
women do not
marry before they are eighteen or twenty years of age. When the first missionary entered the Iketu country in 1850, some regarded him as a spy, and others had superstitious fears that the presence of a white man would bring misfortune on the country. For these reasons they, in many instances, refused to admit him into their towns, but they never treated him with
violence.
of Yoruba.
They obliged
him
On one occasion he to sleep without the walls, but they supplied him with food without charge. encamped under a tree near the gate of Awaye. Hundreds of friendly people came to look at him, and " next day the women were singing a newly made song commencing with, Oibo gui) sidi akpe, The white
man encamped
aries,
Now that the people understand the real object of the missionaft the foot of the akpe tree." are not only willing but anxious to receive them. they The gospel was first preached to the Yorubas in Sierra Leone, where there are thousands of them who
have been rescued from the slave ships. Most of them have embraced Christianity, and many have learned Some have accumulated considerable wealth, and others have made no mean attainments in to read. information if not in learning. The character of the Rev. Samuel Crowther, whose Yoruba name is Adiaye, struggling for life, is known to the public, and much admired both in Europe and America;
is only one among other Yoruba men, his equals in mind, moral character, and The people are found to be equally susceptible of improvement in their native respectable attainments. country. Although the missions have been so recently established, all the eight kingdoms of the Yoruba
country have
nations.
felt
more or
less
results, it
cannot be
and if the social laws now at work among the people many generations before Yoruba will be reckoned among civilized
;
LIST OF
Within the
books and
last ten
YORUBA PUBLICATIONS.
years the Church Missionary Society of London has published the following Yoruba tracts, nearly all of them the work of the Kev. Samuel Crowther.
Iwe Ekinni on
ni tu
ati
awon
ara Yoruba.
London, 1849.
Vocabulary of the Yoruba Language, compiled by the Rev. S. Crowther, Native Missionary of the C. M. Society, together with Introductory Remarks by Rev. O. E. Vidal, M. A., Bp. Designate of Sierra
Leone.
London, 1852.
the Yoruba Language, by the Rev. S. Crowther, Native Missionary of the C. M. Society.
of Moses,
A Grammar of
The
First
London, 1852.
Book
commonly
called Genesis.
Christians of that Nation, by the Rev. S. Crowther, Native Missionary. London, 1853. The Gospel according to St. Matthew. Translated into Yoruba for the use of the Native Christians of
S. Crowther, Native Missionary. London, 1853. of Moses, commonly called Exodus. Translated into Yoruba for the use of the Native Christians of that Nation, by the Rev. S. Crowther, Native Missionary. London, 1854. The Psalms of David. Translated into Yoruba for the use of the Native Christians of that Nation, by the Rev. S. Crowther, Native Missionary. London, 1854.
that Nation,
by the Rev.
Iwe
Owe
ati
ti ilu
nan.
Iwe Oniwasa. Li Ede Yoruba tu awon Kristian London, 1856. (Proverbs and Ecclesiastes.)
ti
ilu
S.
Crowther, Alafa
to St. Luke, The Acts of the Apostles, with the Epistles of St. James and St. Translated into Yoruba, for the use of the Native Christians of that Nation, by the Rev. S. CrowLondon, 1856. ther, Native Missionary. Katekismu Itan, ti Dr. Watts, Testamenti Lailar on Testamenti Titun. Watts's Catechism of the Old
and
New
Testament.
London,
1857.
Katekismu Ekeii,
ti
Watti.
Watts's Second
Catechism.
Native Missionary. London, 1857. Iwe Orin Mimo. (Yoruba Hymns.) London, 1857.
GRAMMAR
OF THE
YORUBA LANGUAGE
K U B A
GRAMMAR.
PART FIRST.
OETHOEPY AND OETHOGRAPHY.
1. The system of orthography adopted in this work is essentially the same that has been widely employed for African languages. In it an endeavor has been made to give a true expression of all the well distinguished sounds of the language.
To each
compounded sound is represented by of such compound sound. 2. The reader should be reminded that the sound of each
other languages,
is
assigned a single character; and each the charactera which stand for the elements
is
letter, in this as in
CHAPTER
.^.
I.
THE ALPHABET.
The
characters that represent the simple sounds of the
I,
Yoruba language
are,
a, a, b, d, e, e, f, g, h,
k,
1,
m,
n^
t),
o, o,
p,
r, s, s, t,
u,
w,
y, i.
VOWELS.
Simple Vowels.
4.
are as follows
sounded
long,
as in the English
lati,
word fatlwr
and
:
short, as in fat.
Examples:
ha, to meet;
from.
tlie
a has the obscure sound of u in but, o in Ex. bani, in motlier, &c. e is sounded like a or ey in grey. Ex. de, to come. mfate, e is sounded like e in met. Ex. fe, to love.
: :
hand.
is
o o
is is
is
sounded long, like ee in fee, or i in ravine; and short, like i mfg. di, to bind ; igo, a bottle. sounded as in go, tone. Ex. f6, to fiy. sounded long, like a in ^oater, all; and short, like o in not. Ex.: wash ; oni, a crocodile. sounded long, like oo In fool, or u in rvle ; and short, like %i mftdl. lu, to -strilce ; bule, to lis dmcn.
:
Ex.:
fo, to
Ex.
4
5.
1.
The vowels
;
Nasalization
is
indicated
by
the
character q
6.
We may here
observe
' '
That the sound of e after kp is more open and liquid than usual. 2. That 'a,' 'i,' and *o,' are short before a consonant; as in ate, a hat; ile, a house ; ofa, an arrow ; pronounced as if written atte, ille, offa. But to this rule
'
'
there
as,
is
one exception,
viz.
is
4bo,
shelter ; imo,
hnowledge ; 5ro,
a word.
In the Egba and some other dialects, 'o' long, when followed by 'q,' and occasionally when preceded by 'm' or 'n,' takes the sound of 'u' long; as, toq, ogam; mo, to drinh ; in6, within ; pronounced, and sometimes written, tui), mu, imi.
Y.
Diphthongs.
8.
ai,
The following
;
are the
pronounced like i Ex. bai, thus ; aim5, vmJcnown. Ex.: daudu, a prince, au, pronounced like ou in house., or ow in 7iow. is very short. Ex. ei-di, a ei, ei, oi, oi, in all of which the second vowel, i,' wart ; ei-ye, a bird ; oi-b6, a white man; koi-koi, timidly. ua, ue, ue, ui, uo, uo, are formed only by the union of two words, the former of which ends in ku as in akuale, good evening., from aku, a word of In all these cases the lettei*s ku have the salutation, and ale, evening.
' :
'
compound vowels, or diphthongs in phie, or y in fly^ only it is longer and more open.
:
'
'
'
force of
qu
in English.
Quantity of Yowels.
9. The vowels are either long or short, as exemplified in the following sentence ^lafi^ ki o wa fu gb6gb6 enia rere, peaxie he unto all good men.
:
it is not possible to lay down rules by which to determine the of vowels in all cases, yet there are several facts and general principles quantity a knowledge of which will be useful.
10.
Although
1.
a.
The diphthongs
'
ai
'
'
as,
aimS,
unhnown / daudu, a
;
prince.
Vowels having the grave tone (except i, 6, and 5, negative) are generally long as, ^bo, a shelter ; hve, gain ; ibi, evil ; odo, vmter ; 6ro, a wm'd. c. The vowels o and a,' when employed as auxiliary particles in conjugating the verb, are long as, emi 6 ri, I shall see^ emi li a ri, I am seen. These, for the sake of distinction, are marked with a circumflex accent. d. The final vowel of a noun is long when followed by a personal pronoun in the
h.
'
'
'
possessive case
e.
as,
iwe mi,
my
hook ; aso
is
;
r^,
his cloth.
When
a letter or syllable
diately preceded it becomes long lord of the land ; suru, ^Mtie nee, from se (often pronounced se), to do, and iru, the act of hearing a hurden (see 16, 3) aba for abara, a slap with tlie hand.
;
suppressed or elided, the vowel which immefrom oba ile, the as, bal^, a governor, contracted
2.
THE ALPHABET.
a.
i
m6
b.
negatives i, 6, and 5, not^ are short ; as, emi o mo, / do not hioto / ete ete ni ik6 oraq ba ereke, lip not heqnng to lip brings trouble to tliejaws. The initial 'i' of the infinitive mood is very short and slight; as, iwo 1^ i^e,
The
tli(m
c.
canst do.
The
objective pronouns
2, i.)
a, G,
be scarcely perceptible.
(See 88,
Tone of Vowels.
11. There are three primary tones, the Middle, the Acute, and the Grave; as, The middle is the ordinary tone of ba, to meet; bd, with', and b^, to bend.
the voice without inflexion the acute and grave tones are simply the rising and In the Yoruba language, however, they are falling inflexions of elocutionists. to distinguish words which are spelled alike, but have different meanings. employed Thus the two words obe, sauce^ and obe, a hnife^ are quite different to the ear,
;
when
difficult for
uttered with the proper tones. The tones, though simple in theory, are us to seize, and require close attention.
The acute and grave tones will be denoted throughout this work by the acute and grave accentual marks placed over the vowel, as in the examples just given.
Assimilation of Vowels.
12.
The
it
consists in
principle of t^ocalic assimilation exhibited in the Yoruba language changing a weak or unaccented 'o' into some other vowel, so as to
to the adjacent strongly accented vowel of a verb or preposition. In perfect assimilation, the 13. Assimilation is either Perfect or Imperfect. unaccented o becomes identical with the accented vowel of the word to which it
assimilate
' '
is
appended.
1. a. The vowel 'o,' the shortened or simplified form of the objective pronoun of the third person, is regularly exchanged for a vowel which is identical with that of the governing verb, so that this pronoun assumes all the following foi-ms
:
emi wo (3, / looked at him. emi m5 8, / Tenew him. emi lu ii, I struck him. emi ba S, / met him.
b.
emi kpe e, / called him. emi fe , / loved him. emi ri i, I saw him.*
the governing word is a preposition ; as, bd S, with him; si i, to him ; fii ii,./w him. In all these cases the unchanged full form or) may be used as, emi fe oi), Iloved him; fa or^, for him ; but the assimilation, if employed at all, must be perfect. o of nouns is perfectly assimilated, if at all, to the vowel 2. The preformative
principle applies equally
' '
;
The
when
'
'
(from ko, to gather); 6ro, a word (from r^, to uttet% relate., exptlmn); ata, pepper (from ta, to burn) ; ere, goodness (from re, to be good) ; ^6e, sin (from ^e, to sin). Frequently, however, no assimilation takes place. (See 40.) 14. To understand the rule of imperfect assimilation, it is necessary in the fii-st place to observe that the vowels are divided into three classes, which, in reference
of the root
;
as,
oko, a
farm
No
example of 'a'
is
word
in
Yoruha, ends
in
that
vowel.
to the general character of their sounds, may be called the close vowels, viz. e, i, and the neuter vowels, a and a. In the open or hroad vowels, e, o o, u assimilation the rule is that the vowel 'o' when occurring before a close imperfect
; ;
vowel, that
vowel,
it
it is
is,
a vowel of
'
its
changed into
its
remains unchanged but before an open corresponding open fonn o.' Before the neuter vowels,
class,
;
'
own
'
take either form, o or o.' This rule applies to the nominative pronouns, mo, // o, thm ; 6q or 6, auxiliary particle 6, slwU or will ; and k6 or 6, not ; in all of which the 'o
'
may
Tie
'
the
before
as,
mo
fe,
Ilove.
yi 6
fe,
he will
love.
love.
takes place before the other open vowel, 'o.' The reader, however, most be informed that the rule is one which is often disregarded in
Elision of Vowels.
15. All Yoruba verbs end in a vowel either pure or nasal as, ko, to build And most of the nouns begin with a vowel as, ile, a house; owu, raq, to spin. To avoid an inconvenient hiatus, it is customary in speaking to drop either cotton. the final vowel of the verb, or the initial one of the noun which follows it as,
; ;
a crop ; raq 'wu, for rag owu, to spin cotton. In this work, the vowels which are usually elided in speaking are designated by the inverted crescent ('^) as, k8 ere, raq 8wu (pronounced ke-re, raq-wu).
ko
ere, to gather
;
16.
1. fiso, to
The
When
buy
is
dropped
as,
n\
2.
The
weaker.
The
circumstances which
as follows
:
make
may be shown
Strong Vowels.
Weak
Vmcels.
Short.
Acute.
Unaccented.
Close.
Open.
But these elements of strength and weakness may be variously distributed. One of the vowels may be grave, and the other accented, long, or open. To give aU the combinations which may arise from the various quantities, tones, and accents of two concurring vowels, would be more tedious than profitable. It may sufiice then to specify a few cases, with examples, to verify the general rule that the weaker of the two concurring vowels is elided. a. When the fii-st vowel is grave, and the second vowel is weak, the latter is elided as, 6 r^ ewe, she bought leaves ;* dk se, to breah the foot ; bo fira, to cover the body ; k^ Groq, to behoarse. But if the second vowel should be long, the grave
;
* Leaves are
soM
to
market-women
THE ALPHABEl".
vowel
hriotc
b.
is
elided
as,
tlie
steam
mo
anu, to
If the
the second
to
elided
as,
ko
make a ymirhill ;
Sometimes, however, the choice of the vowel to be retained is reversed, to prevent ambiguity and frequently both vowels are sounded, for the
fire.
;
blow the
same reason. 3. In a few cases neither vowel is dropped, but the two are exchanged for u as, wure (for wi ire), to bless; suru (for se ivn), patience ; sufe (for so to
' ' ;
ife)
run; duro
(for
da
iro), to stamd,
<fec.
CONSONANTS.
Simple Consonants.
17.
b, d,
f,
k,
1,
m,
n,
r, s, t,
w, and
y, are
sounded as in
always hard, as in
in
some
wood;
In
gele,
all
a liandherchief.
;
lohuq, yonder; pronounced be-e, lo-uq. same power as in the English word hat.
r)
is
the sign of nasalization. At the end of a word or syllable it is equivalent to the French n in ban. Ex.: daq, to polish; suq, to sleep. Before a that is, at the beginning of a word or syllable, it has a consonant, stronger
:
sound, nearly equivalent to the English ng in song. Ex. qso, to proceed. The nasal pronoun q, 7, is pronounced as a part of the preceding word, when it follows a vowel as, ki g 16h? shall I got pron. kiq ]6h. But
;
not preceded by a vowel, it is attached in pronunciation to the following word; as, q kd mo, / do not hnow ; q 6 ri, I shall see; proif
'
'
is
nounced
p occurs only
8
is
'kp.'
(See 18.)
:
sounded like English sh in shm. Ex. se, to do. has the sound of English z in azwe. It occurs only in the compound
(See 18.)
'
d^.'
Compound
Coiisoncmts.
common
occurrence
have been frequently regarded as simple letters, viz. dz, gb, and kp. dz is sounded like English as in jiig, or ; in gem. Ex.: di;o, to dance. sound was formerly represented by^'.) (This gb represents the sounds of g hard and b ; as, gb^, to receive ; ^gba, an
_;',
old man.
kp
is
equivalent to h and p^
'
'
'
as,
kpa,
to beat ;
akpa,
an arm. (Formerly
these
compounds
is
words.
8 19,
1.
OBTHOEPi'
AND ORTHOGRAPHY.
:
Compounds of a nasal and another consonant occui' incidentally The nasal q,' as an auxiliary particle, may be prefixed to all the consonants
'
as,
emi qb5,
2.
I am
coming ;
emi qdd,
I am making^
&c.
Before the labial consonants, 'm' is frequently employed as an auxiliary of 'q'; as, emi mb5, X am, coming ; emi mfe, I ami loving. prefix, instead and 'q,' are occasionally prefixed to consonants in other cases; as in 3. 'M,' 'n,'
the words, mbfe,
qso, to proceed.
to ^e ;
Z^2W*(^;
INTERCHANGE OF LETTERS.
of words, as also in tracing 20. In consulting the Dictionary for the meaning out their roots, it is necessary to remember that letters ai-e frequently interchanged
;
Not a few words begin indififerently with 'a' nid^e, an injurer. 2. Some words begin indifferently with a or i
' '
'
or 'o';
as,
abanidze, or obd-
' ;
as, afidzi,
or
ifidi;i,
remission
(of sins).
3.
'
E E
'
'
'
as,
loni,
to-datj ;
4.
5.
'
as,
In certain
as, diii)
'
7.
H
'
'
for
'
f
k
'
;
'
as,
8.
'
S and
ts.'
with
'
are frequently interchanged with each other, and in some dialects ' Thus, for ^e, to dx)^ the Ibakpa dialect has tse,' and the Ibolo has se
'
' ; '
and
9.
coo\
'
is is
pronounced
se.'
'
h6
In the
Egba
dialect,
'
' ;
as,
w6,
to boil,
instead of
CHAPTER
SYLLABLES.
21.
1. 2.
b.
II.
A syllable
consists:
;
Of a single vowel, pure or nasal as, o, tliou ; 6q, he. a. Of a consonant and a vowel; is, da, to create ; daq, to polish. Of a consonant and a vowel, with the nasal q prefixed as, qdd,
;
is
creating ;
qdaq, is polishing.
3.
a.
Of two
mb|,
initial
as,
to call ;
b.
Of two
'
22.
'
;
No
&c. gboq, with a nasal prefixed. (See 19.) consonants and a vowel, word or syllable ends in a consonant, except occasionally in the nasal
to
be; nde,
to be wise,
initial
as,
bam-bam, a beetle.
SYLLABLES.
23. As consonants do not occur at the end of syllables, they are not reduplicated in spelling. Thus we write ile, a hcnise^ and ofa, an arrow, instead of ille
and
offa.
(See
6, 2.)
ACCENT.
here meant that emphatic pronunciation of a This, when syllable which distinguishes it from other syllables of the same word. marked, is denoted in the present work by the sign ( ), commonly termed the
24.
By
is
'
acute accent, placed after the accented syllable as, i-da', a swcyrd, e'-ni-a, a person. 25. In words of two or more syllables, the accent falls regularly on the e-le'-da, a creator. penult as, a'-ga, a chair
;
26. But since the accent of derivative words follows that of their primitives, this rule has several exceptions. 1. Nouns of two syllables dei-ived from verbs having the acute tone (11) are accented on the ultimate as, e-dd', a creature, from dd, to create.
;
a verb or preposition having the acute tone enters into the composition of a noun of three or more syllables, it usually takes the accent ; as, a-bd'-ni2.
When
d^e,
3.
an
injurer.
to
an accented vowel is elided or changed, as in the union of two words form one, the accent retains its place as, be'-ru (for ba' eru), to he afraid
;
When
ni'-no (for ni' in()), witliin / su'-re (for sa' ire), to run. 2Y. Primitive nouns, or those which cannot be r^erred to
Yoruba language, are generally irregular o'-ri-sa, an idol; a-lu-fa', a learned man.
in
regard to accent
as,
28. In polysyllables, a lighter secondary accent usually falls on the second syllable before or after the primary; as, d'-la-tai)'-kpo-k6', a grasshopper;
But many compounds retain the accents of their a-lai'-lo'-gboq, a foolish man ; o-ni'-ba'-ta, a slwemaTcer. 29. 1. It is proper to observe here, that all the Yoruba vowels (unless very short as to quantity) are sounded much more fally and distinctly than English vowels. Thus, a-la'-ra-da', a healthy man, which has two full accents, is prosnuff.
nounced with a strong emphasis on both the accented syllables, and with a considerable although slighter stress on the unaccented ones. 2. The distinctness with which Yoruba vowels are uttered is particularly observable in the monosyllabic verbs, prepositions, and adverbs, which are generally spoken as if accented as, d le' 6e' e, we can do it ; 161i' so' o nd', go^
;
throw
it
atvay.
PART SECOND.
ETYMOLOGY AND SYNTAX.
CHAPTEK
30. In
tlie
I.
FORMATION OF WORDS.
former part of this
Grammar we
the changes which they undergo. now proceed to the consideration of sounds as the representatives of ideas in doing which we will have to treat first of the foj-mation of words, and then of their inflexions and the mode of combining them
;
We
into sentences.
primitive words of the Yoruba language, amounting in five hundred, consist of the following classes
31.
1.
The
all
to about
2.
3.
About one hundred and sixty verbs, several of which are obsolete. About two hundred and fifty nouns, including several which are
clearly
exotics.
few particles, as adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. The remainder of tlie language, amounting to at least fifteen thousand vocables, has been built up on this foundation, chiefly by prefixing personal pronouns to verbs to form nouns, and by the union of nouns with vei'bs and prepositions. 32. 1. The primitive verbs are all monosyllables, and most of them are of the simplest possible form, consisting of a single consonant simple or compound and a vowel either pure or nasal; as, dd, to create; daq, to j)olisli ; d^e, to eat ; kpoq, to
4.
he red.
2.
as,
mbe, to^6/
nld, fo^e
These, however, are secondary forms large., mb^ is simply b^, to he., with the auxiliary prefix 'm,' which is the sign of continuance or permanence; nhi is a
Thus, sufe, to wlhistle., is composed of so, to eject wind., and ife, a blowing (from the root fe, to Fe is now pronounced fe but its original form is detected not only in sufe, hlow). bnt also in fere, astlima., ifere, a Tuba, to rqyent., is a recent flute and ifefe, a reed.
; ^
contraction of nild, to he great (lit. ni, to have., ila, greatness). 3. The verbs of two syllables are all either derivatives or exotics.
The
classified as follows
FOKMATION OF WORDS.
2.
11
which the following are examples aba, a hindred hy marriage ; anu, ^j>i7y ; ara, the lady ; crib, or barn ; al5, evening ; ana, wood ; odo, and babd, fatJier ; bote or ibote, silliness ; iha, fever ; irii), iron; igi,
Most of thetn'are
dissyllables, of
om\^ water; ovun, the sun ; qrxLT), Jieaven ; gmo, a child. 3. Some are of three syllables as, ^bata, a marsh; adaba, a violent lawless man. ahana,
;
the primitive particles we have ni, in, on ; si, to, against ; ti, from; 6ugb6r), but ; and a number of adverbs, come to the Yoruba people through 35. Very few of the exotic words have the Arabic ; and it is remarkable that some words of undoubted Eastern origin
34.
Among
are
unknown among the tribes further in the interior. Having thus stated the general principles on which the words of this language, both primitive and derivative, are formed, we will now proceed to the special rules
DERIVATION OF VEEBS.
36. Verbs of more than one syllable are frequently compounded of a monoand evu,fear^ syllabic verb and a noun; as, beru, to be afraid (from ba, to meet, sauu, to pity (from se, t0 7nake, and anu, jjVy) bil^, to onahe room in a, crowd (from
; ;
bi, to
opening^. 37. There are three classes of transitive verbs, distinguished by the peculiarity that the objective case is placed between the component parts or members of the verb. Their foiination is as follows
il^,
:
push, and
an
1. a. Two verbs are used for one.* Tims, from fi, to make, and hflq, to appear, is formed fi... haq, to show ; as, 6 fi woq hai) mi (Jie made them appear to-me\ he showed them to me. From ba, to meet, and diie, to eat, is formed ba d^e, to spoil ; From te, to spread, as, mo ba iwe di;e {I met booh consimne), I spoiled the booh. and bere, to be flat, comes te to level ; as, te oke bSre (spread hill flat), to b^re, level a hill. h. Verbs of this class are often used intransitively, so as to be equivalent to a iwe badze, the booh spoils or is spoiled ; oke teberc, the hill levels or is passive; as,
. . .
levelled.
2. a.
of a
compound
.
transitive verb
is
sometimes composed
Thus,
.
.
be, to cut,
lori, to
in regard to, and ori, the head, li, beliead ; as, 6 be ole lori (7^6 cut Orthief
to gather,
beheaded a
. .
thief.
loru, to
'
rob
When to-goods\ they robbed me. in it, 'ni' is used instead of li';
ui,
in regard to, and eru, proli, ko nu leru {they gathered-iip me a^s-; as, nwoq the noun in the second meml)ur of the verb has n
Ko,
'
'
as, bi
l>i,
to affect
or afflict;
in regard to
b.
An
by
'
'
inserting
li
or
'
ni
'
and a noun ( 3G) may be converted between the verb and noun. Thus,
* These so-called coinpouiul transitive verbs are, it is true, ratlu!!* phrases than words; but they are considered as words, because their parts acquire a new meaning by composition, and because they are actually united into one word when used in a passive sense, and also in forming nouns ; as,
ibadie, a r,poiling, from ba
.
.
dze, to xjwil.
12
beru (ba eru), to be afraid^ becomes ba leru, to frighten ; as, 6 ba mi leru, lie me. frightened 3. Sometimes the formation of compound transitive verbs is still more comBa as may be seen in the following example. d:^e, as above stated, I^licatecl, means to spoil j and ni in6, or nino, means in regard to tlie mind; the entire expression, ba. .nino d;&e, means to grieve; as, 6 ba mi nino d^e, he grieves me. The compound here consists of three members, the first and last of which are verbs, and the middle one is composed of a preposition and noun.
.
DERIVATION OF NOUN'S.
With
Vowd
Prefixes.
38. Nouns are formed from verbs, both primitive and derivative, by prefixing the pure or nasalized vowels, a, e, e, i, o, o, and oq.* These prefixes (excepting
perhaps the vowel i ') are simply variations of the pronoun of the third person, in accordance with the principle of vocalic assimilation already noticed ( 13). 39. The primary use of these prefixes appeare to have been to form concrete noims denoting the actor or agent as, ofe, a parrot (lit. a whistler, from fe, to
;
'
akpedia, a fisliermxin (from kped^a, to hill fish) esiq, a horse (from siq, whistle) But at present, nouns formed by these prefixes have various to run rapidly).
;
meanings, being frequently employed to denote 1, the doer of the action, or agent or patient 3, the action or state of being as, aba 2, the receiver of the action, to meet), lie who meets, he who is met, or, a meeting ; e^e, sin ; a&e, tJie state (from ba, of sin (from ^e, to sin). further that regularly, in accordance with the law of 40. It is to be observed
:
euphonic concord (13, 2), the vowel prefixed to the verb should be identical with that of the verb itself; as, aba, a meeting ; ese, sin ; ofo, loss ; oro, a word. But if this principle had been adhered to exclusively, only one noun could be derived from each verb; whereas by prefixing different vowels, there may be several. Thus, from we, to fold, are derived ewe, a leaf ; iwe, a booJc ; owe, a proverb. now stands, 41. The facts in regard to these preformatives, as the practice
may be summed up
as follows
1. Concrete nouns are formed from all verbs by prefixing 'a'; as, aba, a meeter, from ba, to meet. But nouns of this form have various other meanings, as shown above ( 39). 2. Nouns denoting an action are formed from all verbs by prefixing i as, iba, But sometimes this form has a concrete signification the act of meeting / ife, love. as, iMd^a, a peace-maher. 3. The other vowel prefixes, although of frequent occurrence, are not employed before every verb. They generally form nouns denoting either the doer, the the result of an action as, ofi, a loom, from fi, to swing ; esir), a horse, receiver, or from siq, to rtm ; edd, a creature, from dd, to create ; oro, a word, from ro, to utter,
'
'
to relate.
42.
The
'
prefix 'oq
*
is
is
met with
occasionally;
as,
oqgbo,
The vowels
as formative prefixes.
FORMATION OF WORDS.
' '
13
from gbe, to he dry. Before a dental consonant, the nasal i) is changed to n In one case or) becomes am in the as, onde, a priaoyiei\ from de, to hind. Iketu dialect, and oi in Yoruba viz. ambo, oib6, a tvliite man.^ from b6, to peel*
thirsty
' '
; '
'
'
'
'
'
Hence, oi-ombo (oro amb6), tlie tvMte matiUs fruity the usual name of tlie orange ; and okpaimbo (okpe ambo), tliexoliite mavUs palm.^ that is, a pine-apple. 43. The prefix ai (composed of a and i,' not)., and its equivalent e,' are attached to verbs to form nouns of a negative meaning; as, aim5, or emo, tlmt vjliich is unTcnown or unusual.^ a monster aidze, that which is not eaten or must
' '
'
'
'
'
not he eaten.
speak.,
Roots
vs^ith
used imperatively
as, aiwi,
do not
heep silence !
With SyllabiG
Prefixes.
44. Aba (composed of the prefix 'a' and ba, to meet) is prefixed to verbs to torm nouns implying union as, abata, a marTcetrpUice (lit. aba ita, the meeting of Aba is abase, a helper (lit. aba ^e, Iw who meets one to do something). streets') sometimes changed into eba; as, ebado, a shore (lit. eba odo, tlie meeting of tJte
;
;
water).
45. Abi, which signifies heirig in a state of., haviiuj^ is prefixed to nouns, to form nouns expressing a quality, endowment, or condition as, abiye (abi iye), that tvhich has feathers ; abara (abi ara), that which has a hody., e. g. agaliti abara yiyi, the lizard which has a hody of roughness., i. e. a rough hody. 46. Abu is sometimes a derivative from bu, to give j as, abuso, a falsehood (lit. abu iso, tJie giving of taW). In other cases abu is equivalent to abi as, aburo, that
; ;
which stands
erect
(lit.
abi
iro,
see 16, 3. 47. 1. Ada (from dd, to mdke) is prefixed to nouns, to form others implying the cause or result of an action as, adalu, a mixture., adulteration (from ada, a
;
making., and
elision
;
ilu,
a mixing)
'
adakpe (ikpe, a
calling).,
contraction of words.,
'
by
' ;
adado (odo, water)., an island. 2. Sometimes the final a '/of ada is elided, thus shortening the prefix to ad as, adete, a leper., from ete, leprosy ; adogui) (oguq, war)., that which causes xoar
adote (ote, enmity)., that tvhich causes enmity. 48. 'Afi' or 'af (from fi, to make) is prefixed to verbs; as, afih^q, *Acw, display (lit. afi, a making., h^q, to appeal"). It is also prefixed to nouns when they are followed by verbs as, af onahAq, a guide (lit. a, lie., fi, makes., 5na, a road.,
;
h^r), to appear.,
i.
e.
one
who shows
the roaxT).
;
who knmvs., is prefixed to nouns amero (ero, co7isideration)., a discreet person., discretion; amoye (oye, intelas, ligence)., an intelligent man. 50. Ati (probably composed of a and ti,' from) is prefixed to verbs to form nouns expressing the abstract idea of the verb as, atiri, seeing. 51. Bu and ibu are formed from ibi, a place ; the final 'i' being changed into u ( 16, 3). They are prefixed to nouns as, Trado, or ibudo, a camp (lit. ibi ido, tlie place of camping) budzoko or ibudi:oko, a seat (ibi id^oko, the place of sitting).
49.
Am,
'
'
'
'
'
* "When the skin of a negro peels off, especially after a burn, the surface becomes white like the Ambo or oibo means, literally, loho is peeled.
14
52.
1.
The
&c., prefixed to
li
or
ni, to
al,
which form nouns of possession from other nouns as, alaso, the el, el, ol, ol, &c., owner of doth, a dealer in cloth (from a^o, cloth^ elesiq, the owner of a liorse, a horseman (from c^ii), a horse) oloti, the oioner of ale, a dealer in ale (from
;
;
oti, ale).
Since the performer of an action may be regarded as its possessor, nouns of this form frequently denote the actor or agent ; as, al^bo, a defender (from abo,
2.
el^se, a sinner (from ^se, sin) olore, elegbe, a helper (from egbe, help) defence) a benefactor (from ore, a favor) olore, a giver (from ore, a gift). 3. Occasionally we have the form olu, by 16,3 as, oluwa (oil iw&, he who lias a lord i olusc (ise, tvovTc), a lahorer. life), 4. a. The vowel prefixed to '1' must be the same as the initial vowel of the noun which takes the prefix, according to the principle of euphonic concord
;
( 13, 2), as seen in the examples given above. But the jirefix '11' is never used; and hence, when a prefix is required for a jioun beginning with i,' it is customary to employ on as, onibu, that which has breadth, which is broad (fi-om ibu, breadth) a believer (from igb^gbo, belief). onigb^gbo, ol for on b. Sometimes it is more agreeable to the ear to substitute as, olifa, But in such cases it is usual for the final tJiat which is profitcd)le (from \i'A,profii). u.' 'i of oli, and the initial i' of the noun to be changed into (See 52, 3.) 5. a. By exchanging the initial vowel of these prefixes for 'ai,' they become Thus, elese, a sinner, becomes ailese, one wlio is sinless ; olomo, one wlw negative. lias a child, ailomo, tvJw is childless ; aMgbdra, %olio is strong, aiMgbdra, who is not
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
strong.
'
'
is
to
xoho is unlearned;
aise, shv-
which
is not cre-
Nouns formed hy
Reduplication.
the first syllable of the 53. Nouns are formed from verbs by reduplicating to be good)', kpikp6, duration (from kp^, to verb; as, didara, goodness (from dara, The vowel of the reduplicated syllable is changed into i,' as in stay, to continue). the above examples, except that occasionally 'u' is not changed; as, giguq or
'
active
and a passive
signification
:
as,
from active transitive verbs have both an which is sold or to be tit^, a selling, also, that
55.
kpedzakpedza,
is
ki ise bibu, selling is not giving ; aso tita, cloth to sell. few inelegant nouns are formed by reduplicating the entire vei-b ; as, Either akped^a or onito Mil fish). a
e.
g. tit^
preferable to the reduplicated form. kpedza 56. Nouns are formed by redupHcating a noun and inserting ki, follows usually with an elision of the final vowel of the particle, as
1. a.
li, ri,
:
de, or iyi,
Ki has the
:
sense of
ri
any
or wlmtever
v^,
eiyekoiyo,
(from eiye)
e. g.
d 6
eiyekeiye,
we
saio
no birds whatever ;
bird will do (a
FORMATION OF WORDS.
h.
15
this form are sometimes employed to express contempt as, eiiiatlwu art a contemptible person ; oLirikobiri, a trifling woman. iwo, it is converted after the particle c. When tlie reduplicated noun begins with i,' into 'u' ( 16, 3) thus, from isiq, service^ we have isiqkusiq, superstition. d. Observe that the vowel following 'k' invariably has a strong accent, as,
;
Nonns of
li
kenia
'
eniake'nia.
inserted in a reduplicated noun, implies ownership in reference to a .third pereon as, omolomo, another persoiUs child : e. g. &mk omolomo, roe must not whip anotlier person! s cliild (lit. omo olomo, tlie child of tlie cJiild-otvner').
,
2.
Li, to have,
when
(from ^ye, the state of heing alive) med^i and ed^i, two). medi:ired^i, only two (from 4. De, to ; as, owodowo, tradition (lit. owo de owo, hand to Imnd). x\ti, from, to nouns of this form as, atiraqdiraq, genealogy (lit. ati iraq is sometimes prefixed de iraq, from generatimi to generation). 5. lyi (perhaps i. q. eyi, this) makes a noun emphatic as, ekuru-iyekuru, the
3.
i.
e.
the
very dust.
Nouns formed hy
57.
Composition.
nouns are occasionally compounded together, the qualifying term or order as, omo ohii), possessoi' being placed last, which is the reverse of the English a follower, a disciple (from omo, a cliild or servant, and ehiq, tlie haclc) odzii ona (eye road), a gate ; oluso dgutaq (toatclier sheep), a shepherd ; ile tubu (liouse prisoti), a jail. whole phrase is frequently united to form a noun as, afibikpore, an 58.
; ;
Two
a, lie,
% put,
a,
ibi,
evU, kpe,
to call, dre,
tlie
good)
he,
crib or
nouns
love
as,
asdM, escape
afe love,
compounded with verbs to form new abstract (from asd, a running, and \k, to he safe) afetdq, perfect
;
be completed)
to
(from
;
manner
as,
agbesoke, a akpedz;o, a congregation (from akpe, a calling, and d^o, together) e. g. gbe e li agbes6ke, lift it as lifting up (from agbe, a lifting, and soke, up) to a lifting tip, for gbe e soke, it up. lift 61. To exhibit the various regular methods of forming nouns and verbs from a verbal root, we subjoin the following list of words regularly derived from g^q,
:
to despise
1.
by
reduplicating
It
state
a despiser. atigiiq, a desprising ; as an infinitive, to despise, to he despised. gig^q, a despising, that whieh is despised; as an infiniti\'p,
oqgj^q,
to desjyise
or be
despised.
1&
gkrjgkr),
2.
die, to
to
dag^r), to
and aig^i), by prefixing the verb dd, to Tcnow or experience ; or ^e, to do., to act: Imve; m6, cause contempt or liatred.
agflq, igt^q,
to
make ;
diag^q,
if^,
fo ^6 despised.
^'
> to
he despised.
mag^q,
to he
sagfiq, to he
laig^q, to he
3.
ati.'
It
seems
despiser^ one
' '
who
is despised.,
causes
we frequently hear oligaq, olug&q, and and contempt^ may be changed into onidag&q
; '
onigaq.
in like
a.'
DERIVATION OF ADVERBS.
62. In the Yoruba language many abstract relations, as those of time and place, are expressed by nouns as, oni, this day ; ana, the day hefore to-day., yesterday; These nouns ola, the day after to-day^ to-morrow ; ibi, this place ; ibe, that place. are formed into adverbs by prefixing 11 or ni, in ; as, li oni or loni, to-day ; li ola or lola, to-morrow ; ni ibe or nibe, there, &c.
;
63. Adverbs of time expressing the idea of recurrence or repetition are first syllable of a noun expressing time, and then prefixing li or ni, in ; as, odio, a day ; odiodio, day after day ; lodiodio, daily.
So from
64.
osu,
month.,
as,
nigbagbogbo,
?
alioays (from
gbogbo,
nitorikini
xoherefore ?
bi,
(from
niti, in.,
as
to ; ori,
65.
Many
all
It is pro-
bable that
by
reduplicating the
66. Although the adverbs are quite numerous, there are some relations which none of them definitely express and hence both verbs and nouns are frequently used adverbially, as in the following cases 1. For want of an adverb to express the idea of more, the verb diu, to surpass,
;
:
is
employed in that sense as, dara dih {good s-mpassing), more good or hetter ; iwo dzu mi, ymt worh more than I. Sometimes loli, to go, is added as, iwo kihe (Mvl mi loh but it makes no perceptible addition to the sense. 2. The adverb sokaq, togetlier, exjiresses the idea of unison or congrulty, rather than that of being or acting in common and hence to denote the latter idea, the
;
sise
IITFLEXION
lY
as,
verbs dio, to asseirible^ and kp5, to he common^ are employed togetlier ; soro kpo, to talk togetJier.
3.
k6
d^o, to collect
place with the idea of motion, as, loke, vp^ and nisale, doion^ correspond very nearly to the English words iiinvcirds and downwards ; and hence to express the precise idea of iip and dxnon^ the Yorubas employ the verbs, dide,
to rise,
The adverbs of
and ^ubu,
to
fall;
as, ih dide,
to raise
(one)
up ;
bi ^ubu,
to
push (one)
down.
4. Finally,
to mention one
meaning
mxicli refer to
more example among many, the Yoruba adverbs number and quantity rather than to degree and hence to the noun kpikp5, oLundaTwe, is used as, fe kpikp6, to love
; ;
adverbs are restricted in their use to a single word, or at very or mvoh, which is applied to nothing except the idea of height; scqseq, (standing) uprigld ; buruburu, (hiding) closely ; biribiri, Ex: igi ga fiofio, the tree is very tall; li duro seqseq, toe stand intensely (dark). erect ; ole kpamo buruburu, the thief hid closely ; il^ ^li biribiri (tlie-ground is-darh
67.
Many Yoruba
;
as, fiofio,
DERIVATION OF PREPOSITIONS.
few of the prepositions are verbs as, ba, iDith, along with (prop, to means of (prop, to make) de, for (prop, to he ready, prqxired). fi, with, hy ineet) But most of the Yoruba prepositions are composed of a noun and one of the primitive particles ni, in ; si, to ; or ti, from ; as, nin6, in, within (from ni and ino, the
68.
; ; ;
inside^.
(See Prepositions.)
DERIVATION OF CONJUNCTIONS.
69.
to refer
'
A few of
them
the conjunctions
;
may be
as, bi, if ; retained in composition, e. g. abi, the state of existence. 70. Most of the remaining conjunctions are compound words; as, ndiie, then and d^e, to he) nitori, hecause (from niti, in, and ori, (from 6q, it, reason). Yl. The origin of others is more doubtful. Thus, adi, notwithstanding, may be derived from di, to suhtract ; oq, and, appeai-s to be the pronoun 6ij, he ; ki, that, is a primitive. (See Conjunctions.)
to verbal roots
primitive words.; but it is not difficult probably from the obsolete verb bi, to he,
which
is still
CHAPTEE
72.
II.
When
18
mostly employed.
faint traces.
Of
is
inflexion,
the most important part of speech, and that from which most, Yoruba may be considered as derived. It would all, therefore be proper to commence this division of the Grammar with the verb. But the verb cannot be conjugated except by means of the pei-sonal pronouns ; and hence it is most convenient to begin with the pronouns.
Y3.
The verb
if
not
PRONOUNS.
Personal Pronomns.
NOMINATIVES.
Y4. The primary forms of the personal pronouns are emi, /; iwo, thou ; oq, Each of these pronouns is inflected, or varied in form, to distinguish he, she, or it. from the singular number as, emi, I ; awa, we ; but there is no variation the plural
: ;
of form to express gender. 75. Besides the primary forms just mentioned, each of the singular personal pronouns, when employed as the subject of a proposition, has two contracted or secondary forms, the use of which depends on the principle of euphonic concord
a previous section ( 13) and the pronouns of the first and third persons have each two additional contracted forms, founded on other considerations, which will presently be explained. The plurals are likewise subject to contraction.
laid
;
down in
76. follows
1.
The contracted
:
may be
classified as
a.
b.
2.
The euphonic forms, which are divided into, The close form ending in o,' which is used before the close vowels. The open form, ending in o,' which is used before the open vowels. The citatvve form, the pronouns of which, mi, I, and i, lie, slie, it, appear
' ' ' '
to
be
contractions of emi
3.
and
'
yi.'
form, so called because employed chiefly in the future tense. 4. All the plural nominatives are sometimes abridged in form by the suppression of the entire second syllable, to allow of their being more closely connected with
The future
the following verb. 77. The various forms of the personal pronouns, nominative case, are then as follows
:
what may be
called the
SINGULAR.
X9
78. The primary forms of these pronouns may be employed on all occasions, the use of the contracted forms being optional. 79. The close and open forms are employed instead of the primary forms merely for the sake of euphony. 1. The rules to be observed in their use are as follows; a. When the first vowel of the following verb is a close vowel, viz. e, i, o, or u, the close form of the pronoun must be employed as, mo se, I did ; o ri, tlioit seest. b. "When the first vowel of the verb is an open vowel, viz. e or o, the open form of the nominative pronoun is employed as, mo fe, Ilove ; o mo, lie hnmos. This
; ;
rule,
c.
however, is often neglected in practice. Before the neuter vowel a,' the open or close form of the pronoun
'
is
used
mo
tk or
mo
I sell.
be noted
in reference to the use of the close
and
For
is
instance, it inadmissible.
i.
or
i)
ri,
I slmll see j
but
:
mo
ri
Before the particle k6 or k6, Twt^ 6 or 6, A^, is uniformly omitted as, k6 ri, not Tcnow. But 6r) or 6q is used with that parJie does not see ; k5 mb, he does ticle kd m6, lie does not hnow. as, 6r]
;
80.
1.
sometimes verb of saying, asking, or replying; as, mi, nibo, Z (enquired) cohere? i, lohuq, lie (replied) yonder ; mi, ho, /(answered) 6 ; this word '6' being the usual reply to a salutation, which is aspirated in the above example for the sake of euphony. 2. The pronouns of this form are never employed in negative or interrogative sentences neither is there any analogous contracted form for the second person
;
citative forms, mi, 7", and i, he^ are rarely used; but they are emploj^ed in repeating what has been said, with the suppression of the
The
pereonal pronoun 'q' appeai-s to be a modification of 'emi.' The manner in which it is formed is seen in the subjunctive phrase, ki emi ri, that see^ which is frequently contracted to ki em' ri, and ki 'm' ri and is still more fre-
81.
The
quently pronounced ki q ri. Although we have classed q along with yi in the It is employed as follows future form, its use is not confined to the future tense. 1. In the future tense, instead of emi 6 ri, I shall see. as, q 2. In negative propositions, before k6 or I do not k5, 7wt ; as, q ko ri {I not
'
'
'
'
'
'
do or will not go. It is especially employed to express see ; q k() 16h (^I not go), refusal ; as, q ko 6e e, 'will not do it; emi ko se 6, suggests the idea of denial,
see),
did not do
82.
person,
1.
is
it.
The
is
yi,
this or that, as
ri
6q, lie, she, it; as, yi 6 de, lie will come. often used pleonastically after other nominatives, either singular or plural. a. In affirmative sentences it is to he ; as, babd ni generally preceded by ni, yi 6 {father it-is tJiat will see), father will see ; awa ni yi 6 mh {we it-is that toill
2. It is
toill
It
employed instead of
hnow), we
hnmn.
20
In these examples we have probably the full original construction of yi in the awa 6 ri, and awa 6 m^ future, from which the briefer modes of expression are formed by ellipsis. h. In negative future propositions, yi is always placed betweeii ki, Twi^ and the emi ki yi 6 ri {I not iluxt shall see), I sJudl not see ; nwoq ki auxiliary 6 or 6 as,
'
'
'
yi 6 mo, tJiei/ will not Tcnow. 83. The pronoun d is employed before verbs in the future tense, as a substitute both for yi, he, and 6 or o, will ; as, d, lu mi, lie will strike me ; k fo 6, lie will
' '
break
it.
not employed as the direct subject of a proposition, except Its use is restricted to two cases, in both of which occasionally in the Egba dialect.
84.
Awoq,
they, is
nwoq
1.
is
inadmissible
Before ti, tvho or which, it is employed as the subject of a proposition awoq ti o de {they wlw he came), tliey xolio came ; awoq ti eba 6na, tliey which
as,
(fell
12). 2. Before nouns, to indicate plurahty ; as, awoq agba kp^d^o {tliey elder met), tlie elders were assembled ; ona awoi) elese, tlie toay of sinners.
by)
tlie
8.
85.
The use
of the contracted plural forms, d, 6, d, is oj)tional, and differs in no full forms, except that d, they, is used imj)ersonally to form
86. The personal pronouns when employed as the object of a proposition, whether governed by verbs or prepositions, take the following forms
:
SINGULAK.
21
mo
ri
Wlien. the objective pronoun is followed by the relative ti, tvlu) or which / as, saw him xolio came ; mo fe awoq ti o oq ti o de (I smo himioho he came),
fe emi,
5.
I love
Nwoi)
is
The
fe
full
form
ti
is
as,
mo
awoq
fe emi,
more agreeable
to the ear
88. As the objective pronouns are generally governed by a preceding word to which they are closely attached in pronunciation, the contracted forms are, for the most part, made by eliding the initial vowel of the pronoun, so that it may be more
closely joined to the governing word. are to be made
:
On
"We occasionally hear e for o, tliee ; as, mo ri e, I see you. traction of the pronoun of the second person plural, which, as with
1.
This
us, is
is
a con-
often used
by way
of politeness.
2. a. Reasoning from analogy, we may assume that the original contracted form of the third person singular, was 'o,' like the nominative; but as this vowel becomes perfectly assimilated to the final vowel of the governing verb or pre-
mo
position, it assumes in turn all the forms of these vowels ri i, se e, did it / saw it fu u, to it, &g.
as,
mo
r^
a,
I bought it
mo
'
b.
The
objectives,
S,
e, 6, i, o, 8,
and
u,
The practised ear ceptible quantity, especially when they follow a sharp vowel. can discover, however, that they slightly sharpen the preceding vowel. Thus, mo
ri
i,
J see
it,
is
pronounced
mo
it,
ri
and
m6'.
mo m6
6,
/ know
him,
is
pronounced, as
mo
POSSESSIVES.
89. As the pronouns when used to indicate possession are closely attached to a preceding noun, they assume the same contracted forms as the objectives the only difference is that r^ is employed as the possessive of the second and third
; ' '
persons singular.
SINGULAK.
22
2.
compound
is
and a noun (
objective, fear liim ;
really stands in the relation of possessor to the noun or Jiis fear. lit. mo ba eru r^, meet tlie fear of
Mm
as,
mo
beru
r^,
The personal pronouns are augmented by the addition equivalent to the English word self^ selves^ &c., as follows
92.
:
of several words
1.
Nd,
nd,
tliat^
it
emphatic;
as,
ami
nd,
I myself ;
iwe
ti
emi
2.
my own
Ara, body or self^ is used only before possessives, and performs two offices: Before a singular possessive it makes the pronoun reflexive as, 6 fe ara r^, lie loves Mmself. h. Before a plural, it often makes the pronoun reciprocal as, nwoq fe ara woq,
a.
; ;
sometimes pronounced as, emi tikara tikala, is employed before possessives, and forms emphatic pronouns mi mo (/ and-only-self my hnow)^ 1 myself hnow / eqyiq tikara nyiq ri, ye your3.
Tikara (composed of
and
ara, sdf^.,
selves see.
added either to a nominative or objective pronoun, and renemphatic as, iwo kpakpa, tliee thyself. Kpakpa is more definite than nd, being equivalent to very self. Sometimes tikara with its possessive pronoun is followed by kpakpa; as, iwo tikara r^ kpakpa, tTiee thyself or thy very self. But the expression iwo kpakpa appears to be equally strong without the addition
4.
Kpakpa,
self
;
is
ders
it
'
'
of tikara
'
r^.'
Each of the foregoing expressions may be used in conjunction with nouns, as follows babd nd ri babd tikara r^ ri babd kpakpa ri ^babd ^babd ara vh ri tikara r^ kpakpa ri each of which sentences signifies, failier Mmself sees.
93.
:
94. Personal pronouns which would be superfluous in English are frequently employed in Yoruba, as in the following cases 95. 1. When a verb is separated from its nominative by intervening words ; as, okoqri kaq ol9ro 6 ni iridiid kag (man oTie rich lie Iwd steward one)., a richmnn
:
had a steward.
2.
When
clause,
separated from the governing word by a relative supplied after the governing word, whether it be a
is ti
mu u
tlie
lie
tvent
to-
thefarm^ a leopard
alagbe,
ti
catight hmi)^
li
a leopard caught
fi i
child
who went
sa/ng at
to tlie
farm,
it4s,
o koqriq
ode
ni,
mo
fu
tlie
door
gave
1.
it
to),
I gave
it to
the beggar
who sang
at the door.
:
person who
ti
;
ti o de (tlie ti, tolio, which, is he came), tlie person who came; eqyiq ti o m5, ye who hnow. 2. After ni or for the relative li, this one, tlmt one, when employed as a substitute as, enia li o sin a, a people who err.
;
When
frequently occurs before verbs the subject of a relative clause as, enia
it,
23
After ni or li, when this word is used pleonastically in the sense of to he ; as, o se e (thou it-is that did it)^ tJwu didst it ; iya li o kp6 o, inother called tliee. 97. pleonastic pronoun of the third person singular follows verbs of saying, writing, tfec, in connexion with kpe, tlmt, to wit ; as, 6 t6nunio 8 kpe 6q ko ^e G tlmt he not did it'), lie affinned tliat he did Twt do it / mo kowe r^ kpe (]i6 affirmed it
iwo
li
emi
mbo
98. Yi, he, she, it, is frequently employed pleonastically before verbs in the future tense as, oba yi o kpa S, tlie hing lie will kill him.
OMISSION OF PRONOUNS.
99. The personal pronoun 6 or or ki, not- as, ko ri, he does not see j
is person goodness), he is omitted and hence, instead of the above expressions, we may use their precise 6q ki ise enia equivalents, or) ko ri, he does not see ; 6q k6 m6, he does not know
;
ko m5, lie does not hioiv ; ki ise enia rere (iwt not a good man. But the full form 6q or oq, he, is not
rere, he is not
a good man,
;
100. Possessives are sometimes omitted for the sake of brevity odi;u, go wash (your) face; iya de, (my) mother has come.
Demonstrative Pronouns.
as,
16h bo
101.
are yi, this ; nd, that; m,this one, that one; these, woni, tlwse, formed by prefixing awoi), they, to 'yi'
and
'
ni.'
are placed immediately after the nouns which they Iwuse ; ile woni, those Jiouses. When the noun is followed ; by a descriptive word, the demonstrative is placed after both; as, enia rere nd (^person of goodness that), tliat good person. 103. Both 'yi' and 'nd' may be attached to plural nouns; as, awoq enia yi,
102.
The demonstratives
define
tliese people ;
gbogbo
houses.
strative this.
'
appears to be, as regards its origin, the near demonpresent, however, this word and its corresponding substantive ' eni have the following uses and acceptations. 1. It is employed as an indefinite pronoun, which may be variously rendered or a person), speak to according to circumstances as, wi fu ni or eni (speak to one
104.
ni
'
The pronoun
At
me
or us ; bd ni
is
'
sise,
work ;
eni
ti
mb6
who
2.
coming ;
Ni'
is
emi k6
eni
I see no one.
;
frequently employed as a definite article ( 108). 3. It is combined with other pronouns in composition as, eyini (eyi ni), tliat ; awoni (awoq ni), those; tani? (ta? ni), who? kini? (ki? ni), what? are employed substantively, they are aug 105. When the demonstratives mented by the addition of the usual preformatives as, eyi, alayi, eleyi, this ; oqnd, tlmt; of which the plurals are awoqyi, iwoqyi, nwoqyi, tliese; awoni, awoqnd, Sometimes eyi reduplicates the second syllable as, eyiyi, this ; and fretlwse.
; ' ' ;
quently
eyini,
1.
it
is
compounded with
that.
ni,
meaning
The
as,
eyi
li
o se e
24
{this itris
lie
it),
this
it-is lie
said
it),
that
person said
2.
it
ri (tliose it-is
I saw
I saw),
106.
ni, tJmt,
eyi, this,
frequently have the force of the definite article. 107. Nd is always equivalent to the English demonstrative
some
inrni
cases
it
okoqri nd
who
ca/rtie
108. Ni is scarcely used as a demonstrative, and is more nearly equivalent to the article as, d ri odo nld ni, we saxo tlie great river ; oba ni li o wi i (hing tJie itis that said it), the hing said it. In the use of ni we observe two peculiarities.
;
1.
It is
;
employed
as,
gularity
2.
omode
in connexion with kar), one, which kaq ni li o se e, the child did it.
is
used to indicate
sin-
qdzo ni, tliere is a Iwuse an o 16h oguq nd ni, ko huwa re, two generals, xolw we)it to tliat fire; baloguq med^i, war, did not hehave well. In these and all similar examples 'ni' may be rendered
ti
by
it is.
as a definite article, before the noun, in speaking of one among a plurality of things previously mentioned. Thus in Luke 15. 12, ' after mentioning the two sons, we have the phrase eyi aburo,' the yownger.
109. Eyi,
this, is
employed
is
with the uninflected Hebrew relative, a pereonal pronoun is often employed in connexion with it to indicate the number and person which the relative would have
if inflected.
111. 1. a. When employed as the subject of a relative clause, or in what may be called the nominative case, ti is usually followed by o or o, Jie, site' it, which is used in a general way for all numbers and persons as, awa ti o ri, we who see ; iwo ti o ko, thou who learnest. h. When the verb of the relative clause begins with 'm,' 'n,' or 'ij,' either as an auxiliary particle or as a component part of the verb, the o or o is usually omitted as, iwo ti qsoro, thou who art speahing / awa ti mbe, we wlio are.
;
'
'
'
'
Frequently, however, instead of o or o,' a pronoun is used, agreeing in person and number with the antecedent as, enia ti awoq ^e G (person who tliey did who ITcnow), I who Icnow. it), tlie people wlio did it; emi ti mo m6 ( 3. It being regarded as sufiicient if the plurality of the antecedent is once
2.
;
'
'
'
Thus the senexpressed, the same thing may be said in several difterent ways. he slew his sons tvJio rebelled, may be expressed in Yoruba either by, 6 kpa tence, awoq omo rh ti o sote (lit. ?ie slew tJtem son of him wTio lie rebelled) or by, 6 kpa
;
omo omo
r^ re
awoq ti o sote ( he sleio son of him they wlio lie rebelled) ti nwoq soto {he sleio son of Jtim who they rebelled).
or else by, 6
kpa
25
112. 1. In what may be called the objective case, 'ti' is not followed by 'o' or any other pleonastic pronoun as, ile ti oba ko, tlw Jiouse wliicli the hing huilt. 2. The relative cannot be governed directly by a preposition, but only through
;
whom J
113.
1.
hence when the preposition has no other word for its object, eni, one^ is introduced before the relative as, si eni ti {to one who)^ fu eni ti {for ofie who)^ for whom,
; ;
is expressed: a personal pronoun, which must follow the name of the thing By employing possessed ; as, okoqri ti il6 r^ d^o {man v)ho Iwii-se of him burned)^ the man whose hmise was burned.
The
possessive case
employing the pronoun eni, one^ before ti as, bata eni ti emi ko t6 gbe {shoes of one which I not am-s^(fficientto-bear')^ whose shoes I am not worthy to hear. Eni is sometimes introduced to make a phrase definite; as, gbogbo qyiq eni ti
2.
By
rjgbo {all you one who are-hearing)., all you wlw hear. 114. When its antecedent is a noun signifying time or place, 'ti' rendered by wlien or wliere; as, igba ti mo de, tlie time when came ; ibi
may be
ti
6 w^,
the place
where he
is.
1.
(lit.
115. The compound relative wMt is expressed: ' By a noun and ti,' which; as, emi k6 fe qkaq
thing which)
lie
ti
6e,
I do
not
lilce
what
did.
2.
3.
By By
;
eyi bi
ti,
. .
this
ti,
which ;
. .
a^
116. of
ti
as,
occasionally meet with ni or li, that., employed as a relative instead enia li o sina li eyi, this is a people that err.
OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE.
We
awa k5 m^ eyi ti 6 ri, we do not Tcnow wliat he saw. which; as, mo gb6 bi o ti wi, I heard what thmi saidst.
as,
117. The relative is omitted in the following cases: 1. Before an adverb composed of a preposition, a noun, and the relative li awoq eqyiq nigbati eqyiq gbo {ye are they in-time^hicliye hear)., ye are they
as,
who
when ye
2.
hear.
Before mdh, not; as, alagbara mdh m5 6ro {strong-man not Mows consideration), a strong tnan who does not consider; abani^e mdh ba ni 6e m6 {helper not with one acts more)., a helper who helps no more.
3.
main proposition, two separate propositions are employed as, am^raq l&d^a or^q {wise-man hnows proverbs., he recoTiciles difficulties)., a wise hnows proverbs reconciles difficidties.
Interrogative
and
Indefinite Pronouns.
118. Ta? who? is generally, if not invariably, compounded with ni or li, iJ/iai!. is employed as follows 1. As an interrogative pronoun; as, tani? who'i tani ni? who is it? iwo tani? {tlm.0 who), who art tluruf tani se e? who did it? or, tali o 6e e? {who he did it), who did it ? 6 lu tani ? lie struck whom ? tani 6 wi fu ? whom did he speak to ? or 6 wi fu tani ? he spoke to wJiom ? 4
It
:
26
2.
As an
indefinite
pronoun
as,
emi
m6
tani 6 lu,
'i),'
ITcnow
wlwm
Tie
struck.
'li'
In the
Egba
;
employed
3.
as,
li
'ta'
is
only
is
Tani is equivalent to a possessive in various constructions After the name of the thing possessed as, ile tani r)di;o ? (Jiouse of whom is-hurning f ) wlwse house is burning f At the option of the speaker, ti, of, may be inserted before tani as, ile ti tani gd^o ? h. The same thing may be expressed by tani ? xvlio f and ni, to Imve or own^ with
:
a.
of the thing possessed; as, tani ni ile ti qd^o? {who house which is-bu7'ning^^ whose hcmse is-hurning ? 119. The relative 'ti' is employed as an interrogative in the sense oiwliat?
ti,
name
ti se? {IsJutU what do)^ what shall I do? egyiq what do tchhnow)^ luno will ye Tcnow ? (ye in which case bi 2. Very often bi, as^ is employed as a complement to ti precedes the subject of the verb; as, bi emi ti qse? {as I what am-doing^, wluxt am I doing ? bi iwo ti se vah ? {as thou what dost to-hiow^^ lunv dost thou hnow f 120. The particle or pronoun e,' which the natives regard as a contraction of eyi, thi^^ is used for what in the expression, e se ? {what is it), what is the matter? why ? or, e ti se, which has the same meaning. 121. Ki? tvhat? which? is also combined with ni or li, tliat^ and is used /is
1.
Ti alone
is
used;
as,
emi 6
ti
se
md
xvill
'
'
'
'
'
follows
1.
As an
lie
ivhat is
tJu)u
2.
interrogative pronoun; as, kini? or kini ni? what is it? kill 6 qse? doing ? nitori kini iwo qkigbe ? {for what thmi, art-lawlin^)^ xvhy art
lati kini
bawling?
It is also
6 de?
as
{from
tvhat
it
it
arise?
6
6e,
employed
an indefinite pronoun;
emi
mo
'
kill
ITcnow
xolmt he did.
3.
"When
inserted
ki
'
ile, any house whatever (,56, 1, a). 122. 1. Wo? xohich? what? is an adjective pronoun, attached interrogatively to nouns as, ile wo li 6 ri ? {house lohicli is-it he bought)^ xohich house did he biiy ? ^nia wo li o fe ota r^ ? {person what is-it he loves enemy his), what nutn loves his
oi whatever
as, ile
or ilekile,
en&tny ?
formed by prefixing e to wo,' is a substantive pronoun as, ewo ti o dara ? (which that it is-good), which, or which one, is good ? emi 6 mb ewo I do nx)t hnow which ! b. Ewo is employed as an indefinite pronoun as, b^re ewo li 6 fe {ash which itris he wants), inquire which he wants.
2. a.
' ' '
Ewo ?
In the Egba dialect si and yisi are sometimes employed as substitutes id^9 si 6 de ? on what day did he come ? yisi 6 gba ? which did he take ?
'
'
'
'
for
'
' ;
as, ni
27
VERBS.
Principles of Conjugation.
123. Througli
all
tense,
the
Yoruba verbal
124. Person and number are denoted that represents the subject, as follows
:
we
see or saw.
egyiq
ri,
nwoq ri, The modes and tenses are indicated by auxihary particles placed before The whole difficulty of the Yoruba verb lies in the position and meaning
;
sees or saw.
of these particles and thus the intricacies usually found in the inflexions of the verb ai-e here transferred* as it were, to the department of syntax. 126. There is but one conjugation, and no irregular verbs, in Yoruba; all verbs will here give a synoptical view of the being varied in the same manner. various forms of the verb.
We
INDICATIVE FORMS.
Simple.
AoRIST.
Past.
I Per/,
\
Impf.
j Perf. \
Impf.
First,
FuTUKE.
\ Sec.
emi ri, I see or saw. emi qri, I am or was seeing. emi ti ri, I have or liad seen. emi ti qri or qti qri, I have or had been emi b ri or k ri, I shall or will see. emi 6 ti ri,* I shall or loill ha/ve seen.
with ni or
li
seeing.
o.
pf.,f
j \
emi ni ri, I see or saw. emi li o ri, I saw or see. emi ni qri, I am or was seeing. emi li o ti ri, I have seen.
.
\
(
emi ni yi o emi ni yi 6
ri, )
ti ri,
emi ma ri, I may or would see., or am seeing. emi ma ti ri, I might or woidd have seen. Future, emi 6 ma ri, I may see or shall be seeing.
AoRisT.
Past.
This form
is
scarcely recognised
by the Natives.
28
SUBJUNCTIVE FOBMS.
Simple.
.
,
p
Tfi
see or saw. ri, if hi emi Tiha. ri, if am ov was seeinff. \ I/npf. I^eif. bi emi ba ti ri, if Iliave or Jtad seen.
J I*e)'f. ^
bi emi ba
I I
ti ri,
ri,
5 First, bi bi \ See.
emi 6 ba emi 6 ba
ti ri,
I have or Tiad been seeiiuj. I slidll or will see. if if I shall have seen.
if
ki.
with
Present, FuTUKE.
ki g ri or ki em'
ki emi ki 6
ri,
ri,
tJmt
I see.
that
AiKdliary Particles.
12*r. Before exhibiting in detail the forms of expression in Yoruba wkich correspond to our ideas of mode and tense, we will first examine into tlie nature and uses of each of the particles by the help of which these various accidents are denoted.
INDICATIVE PARTICLES.
Particle of Continuance.
I)
or
m.
exchanged for 'm' before 'b' or 'f,'is probably a contraction of ni, to he. We have analogous formations in several words as, nM, to he great, which is composed of ni, to Imve, and ild, greatness ; mbh (colloquial), there, from ni, in, and ibe, that place. 2. When g is attached to a verb, it may be prefixed to the accompanying also as, emi qsi r)s5ro, and I was speaking. particles 129. 1. The use of 'q' or 'm' in conjugation is to denote a continuing or unfinished action, or one which was unfinished at the time referred to as, omo
128.
1.
The
'
'
awa mb6
lana,
not customary to prefix g ' to verbs in the future tense, no reason is apparent why this should not be done as, yi 6 qsi^e, he will be wo^'Mng. 3. This prefix is very appropriately employed in making general propositions,
Although
it is
that
is,
in asserting that
tlie
worship
spoils
palm-t/ree
eni
which always holds good as, keferi r)bo 8kpe, the heathens ti qke omo ni qba omo dze, he toho indulges a child
;
child.
Past
Particle.
ti.
is,
^.
employed
in the sentence.
It is variously
To
is
iIlia/6 done
lie
yesterday), tvas coining yesterday ; aragb^ni ti qsina, the ancients erred. 2. To express what is past in relation to some point of past time
.
I did it yesterday ;
past at the time of speaking ; as, mo* ti ^e e lana 6 ti kxi, lie is dead; 6 qti ijb^ lana,
as,
mo
ti
16h,
ki 6 t6 de, Iliad gone, before he arrived (ki t6, before). 3. To express what will be past before some future point of time; shall Imve gone, before he arrives. loh, ki 6 t6 d6,
. ,
as,
emi 6
ti
4.
It is
employed
mo
ti ri i
nigbakugba, / have seen him often. 131. 1. The origin of the particle 'ti' is doubtful. It is not improbably, however, a modification of t6, to he sufficient, to attami to, which is sometimes employed as a sort of auxiliary particle as, bi omo dagba k t6 li ogboq {if child
;
is-grown, it^ill attain to-lmve wisdom), when the child is grown, it will get wisdom / nigband ni nwoq t6 sina (tlie/i it-is they attained-to erring), then they erred. 2. The use of ti as a pleonastic particle seems to favor the suspicion that its
' '
'
after prepositions expressing instrumentality ; as in the general proposition, nikpa i^e ow6 ti wdh, by labor inoney comes, lit. attai/)is to, or reaches the point of, comimg.
employed pleonastically
'
'
h.
Again,
ti
is
often thus
employed
!
after
mdh,
ki, ko,
or k5, not ;
as,
mdh
ti
16h
(not arrime-at going), do not go yet to bearing fruit), it camiot bear fruit.
!
6g ko
The
'
'
'
t6
'
in accent,
Future
Particles.
or 6.
132. This particle is the sign of the future tense, and is generally equivalent to The difference between 6 and o is simply euphonic, 6 ' being sludl or tvill. employed before close, and '6' before open vowels ( 14). 133. It is probable that 6 or 6 was originally the personal pronoun 6 or 6,
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
lie,
she,
it.
ri,
/ shall
see,
means
literally,
I oxn
he
to-
see,
or that is to
134. The particle 6 or 6 is frequently preceded in all persons and numbers by the pleonastic pronoun yi, he, she, it / as, iwo yi 6 6e e, thou wilt do it / awa yi 6 ri, tve shall see ; 5ro ti yi o ^e (word tvhich it will come-to-pass), a v)ord which
will be fulfilled. (Luke,
1.
20.)
is
may be regarded
as
6.
It
as,
mo
or
mo,
/, arc
pri-
mary
forms.
30
1.
To give emphasis to an assertion, it being used in connexion with a nomibefore any vowel whether close or open as, emi k ri, shall see ; emi k native,
;
m5,
h.
/ sludl Tcnow.
Or without
a nominative,
;
when the
a
ri
as,
mi, he or
subject of the verb is of the third person, tliey will see me / k kpa mi, he or tliey
Before a verb used subjunctively, after ki, that^ without a nominative, and frequently with a preceding clause understood as in the evening salutation, ki k sdq r^ may you sleq) well ! lit. I wish that you tvill sleep well. Servants frequently ask such questions as, ki k k>Q eyi? shall I do this? lit. do you wish that I shall do this? But the clause preceding 'ki' is often expressed; as, 6 ni, ki k
; !
loh, he said^
let
us
ffo,
lit.
he said that
we
tvill go.
Emphatic
Particle.
ni
or
li.
136.
The demonstrative
;
'ni
'
or
'li,'
verb (see 181), is sometimes employed in the latter sense along Avith verbs for the sake of emphasis as, babd ni ijvi, father is or was seeing babd li o vi^ father
,'
saw
or sees.
OPTATIVJi PARTICLE.
ma.
ISY. This particle is used as follows In affirmative propositions with a nominative of the first or third person, and in interrogative sentences with a nominative of the second pei-son, it expresses will or desire ; as, emi ma 16h, J desire to go ; nwoq 6 ma 16h, they will go., or will desire
:
1.
go ; eqyii) ma loh ? do ye wish to go ? 2. In affirmative propositions, with a nominative of the second person, it as, ma 16h, or iwo ma 16h, tlwu mayst go / 6 ma gbe e, ye expresses permission
to
mmj
take
it.
kuro, tlion
This form of expression is much employed instead of the imperative, as being more courteous mayest get out of my way ; 6 ma yara, ye may make haste.
as,
ma
it
In connexion with words denoting the continuance or repetition of an action, expresses what is customary or habitiuil ; as, d ma 16h nigbakiigba, xoe go often6q ma nd mi lodi;6di;um6, he flogs me daily ; iwo ma s5ro kpod:iu, thou taUcest too mwbch ; 6 ma seuq (he is always Mnd\ lie is very hind! 6 ma kpe! (^ye always
3.
!
'ti' is
it;
as,
iwo
ma
ti
^e
buburu, thou hast done evil (habitually). But when le, to lie able., can^ or may., is employed with the verb, it may either precede or follow ma as, ki d 1^ ma m6, th/it we may hnow ma 1^ di;oba, perluxps 1i may or can reign. In these / boya yi 6 cases also ma denotes the continuance of the action.
; ' '
31
SUBJITNOTITE PARTICLES.
ba.
139.
signifies to
arrive
at,
attain
to,
meet, find,
&c.
It is
an auxiliary particle, chiefly in what may be termed the subjunctive employed mode, with something of the sense of o^eacMng, arriving at, or attaining to, the action expressed by the verb before which it is placed as, bi iwo ba ri i, kpa S, if them seest it. Mil it, lit. if thou attaim, to seeing it or chance to see it. 140. It is also employed as an emphatic or definite particle in the indicative
;
mode
which
mo ba ko ni, o w6 (Jiouse which I huilt Oris, it fell dotoii), the house has fallen down ; 6hur) ti Olorui) ba ti wen5, mdh fi kpi^ li aim6 (thing which God has cleansed not mahe to-call t&ie uncleanness), the thing which God has cleoMsed call Twt unclean.
;
as, ile ti
huilt
'
ba
'
after nigbati,
when ;
as,
nigbati
mo ba
aba and
iba.
142. These particles, which appear to be derivatives of 'ba,' imply duty or obligation as, emi aba ^e e, or iba se e, ought to do it; eqyiq ki iba ti 16h, ye shoidd not go or have gone. (For the use of ti after ki, not, see 131, 2, 6.)
;
143. In subjunctive sentences 'iba' is equivalent to if; as, iba se woli, i ba mb, if he wei'e a prophet, he tvould hnow / iba ^e mo ni iye {if it-were I had wings'), if I had wings ; a form of expression employed for oh! that I had, c&c.
ki.
144. Another subjunctive form arises from the use of the conjunction ki, that : 1. If the nominative to the verb is i), I, or a monosyllabic pronoun (except
'
6i) '),
'
'
is
used
see.
as,
1 A
that
_
see.
ki 6 ki d ki 6
2.
it is
ri, ri,
ri,
we
see.
that ye see.
two or more
6,
syllables,
as,
'ki,'
awa
ki 6
ri,
ki nwoi) ki 6 ri, tluit they see. ki babd ki 6 ri, that father see.
3.
The pronoun
'
ki' or
with two
as,
ki 6q
ri,
or
1.
ri,
tliat
I see,
that
I shall see,
that
I may
Imperatively;
a.s.
32
ki q
ki emi
ki o
ri,
>
let
me
-
see.
ki emi ki 6
ri,
ri, ;
)
ki iwo ki
ri, J
\
ki 6
ki
3. a.
ri, ri,
ki 6q
6r)
>let
ri,
)
him
see.
ki 6
preceded by an objective, it may often be rendered by an infinitive as, mo kpe o ki o se e, Z called tliee that thou do it or to do it mo kpfe nyiq ki 6 wo 8, J called yo^i to look at it / 6 bebe wa d wi, A^ us to tell ; 6 bebe wa ki d mdh wi, he hegged tis not to tell. hegged h. In this construction an objective of the third person plural is sometimes followed by ki 6, that lie ; as, d kpe wog ki 6 ^e e, we called tliem to do it.
is
;
When
OCCASIONAL PEEPIX.
i.
146.
i,
not)
1.
is
The inseparable prefix 'i' (which is not to be confounded with attached to verbs for the following purposes
:
i,
he,
and
permanently true or customary as, li okpolokpo okan li enu iso, in the ahmida/me of the heart the mouth speaketli. 2. It is frequently emphatic after ko, not ; as, nwoq k6 ide, tliey have not come. It would seem that, since ko is immutably unaccented, the i is introduced to supply the place of an emphatic accent on the negative. 3. It appears to be sometimes merely euphonic. a. After 'ki' employed instead of ko, not as, ki i^e awodi, it is Tiot a hatok; emi ki iloh ibe, I never go there. When the 'o which usually follows the relative 'ti' ( 96, 1) is omitted; as,
is
;
' ' ' '
To denote what
'
1).
eni
ti iloh, lie
wlw
went.
Farms for
147. In Yoruba, as in
many
is,
properly
Various forms of speech, however, supply its place. speaking, no passive voice. 148. 1. The most frequent form is the plural impersonal, employing the con tracted nominative d, they ; as, d ri mi, tliey see me, for I am seen / d ti ri mi, tJiey Imve seen me, for Ilmve been seen ; d 6 ri mi, tliey will see me, for I shall be seen.
Frequently, retaining this construction, the noun or pronoun denoting the object is placed first thus, emi li d ri {I it-is they see), I am seen.
2.
;
149. Although the above substitute for the passive is applicable in all cases, there are several other forms which may be used occasionally with good effect 1. All the mo, to d^e," to spoil, kpa compound active transitive verbs, as ba
:
. . . . . .
conceal ( 37,
of passives I), and a few other transitive verbs, may be used instead as, nwoq bad^e, tliey are spoiled ; awa kpamo, ^ve are hid ; 6 se li od^u mi, it tvas done before me, lit. in my eye ; 6ke bo mole, the hills were covered over ; nikpa
;
ti
dd,
33
2. Occasionally an abstract noun with a substantive verb is employed instead of a passive verb as, mo ^e igbagbe {I am a-forgetti-ng)^ I am forgotten ^ ile di dhoro, the house is a desolation, or is desolated. 3. All nouns formed from transitive verbs by reduplicating the first syllable have a passive signification as, riri, which is seen ; kpikpa, which is slain ; hike, lohich is done. And any of these nouns may be employed before ni, to le, to form a sub;
;
gbigb^ In the past and future tenses of the passives just mentioned, the word which represents the subject is followed by ^e or di;e, to do, to he, to get ; as, kpikpa ni iwo 6 ke or d:^e, you will
be hilled, or get
hilled-.
stitute for the passive of the perfect aorist tense ; as, riri li emi, ni nwoq, they are received; kpikpa ni 'bahk, father is hilled.
I am seen ;
Modes and
150.
Tenses.
in five modes,
various forms of the verb, including verbal nouns, may be arranged viz, the Indicative, the Optative or Potential, the Subjunctive from the two preceding), the Imperative, and the Infinitive. (formed 151. The tenses may be divided into three classes or groups, the Aorist or
The
and the Future. In the Indicative mode, and in the Subformed from it, the Aorist and the Past tenses have a perfect and an junctive Those of imperfect form, while the Future exhibits a first and second future form.
Indefinite, the Past,
Aorist Tenses.
Past
Perfect,
Iinperfect,
Tenses.
emi emi
ti ri,
Ilmve
ti qri,
seeing.
Future Tenses.
First,
Second,
emi 6 emi 6
ri,
ti ri,
152. The foregoing synopses and remarks present the general principles of the Yoruba verb but the importance and intricacy of this part of speech seem to will therefore give the require a more detailed exhibition of particulars. various usual and occasional forms of each tense, and describe the peculiarities of each form.
;
We
INDICATIVE MODE.
Aorist Perfect.
ACTIVE.
A ff
")
ma ti ve
emi ri, > I see or saw. emi ni ri, emi li o ri, j emi iri, I see or sair roiitiniicnisly.
34
Negative.
emi 6 (or ko) ri, I do or did not emi ki ii-i, I do not see.
see.
Interrogative.
li
bi ?
] ?
ni ri bi
\\
\do or did
? )
I see ?
ri
bi
Negative Interrogative.
emi ko
ri
or 6 (ri) bi?
emirik6?
emi ki
iri bi,
do ov did
\
,.77-
I m)t see ?
do
I not see?
PASSIVK.
Affirmative.
ii
ri
mi,
)
I
*^^
*^^'
^''''^
^'^
^'"'
*^'''
'^'^'^^ ^^^'^^"
^ ^ ^^
or
;a.9
^^m.
ririliemi, |
Negative.
A kd (or 6) ri mi, they do or c?2'(^ not see me emi ko (or 6) se riri, am or ?i;a* ?w^ ^e^..
I am or xoas not
seen.
Interrogative.
k
ri
mi
bi
I seen?
Negative Interrogative.
d ko (or 6)
ri
mi
bi
]
?
>
am
or wa,9
/ not
seen ?
Eemarks.
153.
1.
time,
2.
the various forms of the aorist perfect we may observe see or sa/w, is wholly ambiguous as regards as, emi ri, used either in a present or past sense. being
:
On
may be used with a past signification but it naturally the idea of present time, and will suggests probably become a definite present
ni
;
'
'
tense.
3.
'
li
'
but
it
can-
35
dowu
'
as
it is still
frequently employed in
the present.
is
It iri,' denotes continuous or habitual action. not a usual form, except in the cases already stated ( 146). 154. As to the negative and interrogative forms, observe: 1. The Before open vowels they particles 'k6' and '6' are exact equivalents.
The
prefix
i,'
form emi
'
become k6 and
' '
'
6.'
Ki, not^ is employed before verbs beginning in 'i,' as shown in the example. As the prefix i denotes continuation, ki generally has the sense of never ; as, emi ki il6h ib^, I never go tlwre. This form is to be rendered by the present tense.
2.
' ' '
'
3.
The
is
and
4.
particle bi,' or its equivalents abi, tabi, often omitted as, emi ri ? did see f
;
'
is
K6,
not^ is
as,
emi
k6 ? do
as,
6g k6,
it is
not he.
Aorist Imperfect.
ACTIVE.
i emi nri, '. 1 emi ni qri,
' . .
Y
j
jI am or was
seeinq. ^
PASSIVE.
emi
-y.
\ J)
dfn or
was
seen.
Remarks.
present or past sense whereas the second form more frequently refers to present time. 2. This tense has no negative forms, and the interrogative forms differ from the affirmative only in the use of 'bi' or its equivalents ( 154, 3) immediately after
1.
;
155. This tense needs but little elucidation That the first form is employed either in a
still
we may
observe
the verb.
Past
Perfect.
ACTIVE.
emi wfi
.
ri,
'
I saw.
.
emi
,^ li
? ^
Iliofve or
Tmd
seen.
ti ri,
Eemarks.
to be, is
used in
When
;
it is
as,
emi
w^
ri,
I saw ;
nwoq w^
li
sinners.
157.
A perfect tense
is
occasionally
it
come),
I have
as,
36
158. Li o
ti ri is
The
fect,
negative, interrogative, and passive of this tense, as also of the past imperare formed in accordance with the principles laid down in treating of the
aorist tenses.
First Future.
ACTIVE.
Af f rmati ve.
i
cmi o
X)
ri,
ri,
I sliall nee.
ri,
Negative.
.mikiyiori,
jmi
m ki
6
ri ri
yi o
\
)
j ,^,ai not
see.
ri,
Interrogative.
bi
bi
?
?
ni 6 ri bi ni yi 6
ri
-shall
?
I see?
bi
Negative Interrogative.
emi ki yi o ri bi emi 111 ki yi o n
?
}-,-,-. ^
? )
see ?
.
bi
PASSIVE.
Af f irma t
a 6
ri
li
ve.
mi,
ii
emi
I shall he
seen.
ri,
Negative.
d ki yi 6
i-i
mi,
I shall not
he seen.
Interrogative.
d 6
.
ri
i 11
mi
a o
, ,
bi
.
?
1
.
emi
ri bi
o ?
h
)
shall
77
t /
lie
seen f
Negative Interrogative.
A ki yi 6
ri
mi
bi
shall
I not he seeti ?
Remarks.
159. It
is
to
be observed here:
87
ri'
and
'i)
ri'
always arrangement from other similar combinations of words, and partly to avoid uneuphonious Thus, if k6, not, were employed, k6 6, pronounced as two syllables, expressions. would be disagreeable to the ear and if pronounced as one, it would be confounded with ki 6, tJiat he. 3. Here, as elsewhere, the affirmative active exhibits a greater number of forms
;
three other forms of the active afiirmative are emphatic. and that yi, Tie, 2. That ki, not^ is the only negative employed in the future to distinguish the future is This follows it. designed, partly
;
IMPEEATIVE MODE.
161.
The
mode
Affirmative.
ma
ri,
Negative.
mdh mdh
1
ri,
w iwo mdh
ri, '
ri,
"]
6e
or iwo
.
mdh
.
se
1
ri,
,
ki o
ki o
,, man mdh
,.
ri,
or ki iwo ki
ri,
6e
or ki
^7
Passive.
Affirmative.
ki
ji
ri o,
or iwo ui ki A
ri,
) ^
ki k
ma
ri o,
or iwo ni ki k
ma
.
be thou seen.
Negative
ki a
not seen.
Remarks.
38
forms arises from two causes fii'st, from the use of synonymous words, as o and iwo and, secondly, from redundant words, as ki o and 6e.' 163. On the use of the above forms observe 1. That 'ma' denotes continuance ( 137, 3). 2. 'Ki' denotes that, and ki 6, that he ( 144, so that the forms with 'ki' 2) are analogous to the French construction, qioHl voie, qxOil iie voie pas.
'
' ' '
';
3.
'
Mdh means
'
Twt^
and
is
employed instead of ko
'
'
in the Imperative
and
;
in
The verb
6e, to cfo, is
as,
mdh
mdh
loh.
INFINITIVE MODE.
164. The Infinitive Active is regularly and usually expressed by the simple verb or root as, emi fe ri, / desire to see ; 6 qgbero loh, he is thinhing to go i 6 dSgmo woq 6e e, it pleased th&m to do it. Frequently, however, a substitute for the infinitive is formed by the verbal nouns treated of in the following sections.
;
Verbal Nouns.
165. The following are the forms of the verbal nouns which correspond to our infinitives and gerunds or participles.
iri, to
which
is seen.
or
to he
seen ;
see or to he seen / atima ri, to he seeing ; a continued seeing. ' 166. The form in i is employed as a gerund
'
a seeing. a seeing.
1.
In the nominative
as, isode
k6 ye
farmer. 2. In the objective as, nwoq k6 fe isode, they are not fond of hunting^ or they do not love to hu/nt. 16V. The form with ati prefixed is employed as a gerund or infinitive
; ' '
:
In the nominative as, atigbo ko ito, to hear or hearing is not enough. 2. In the objective, in which case it is frequently equivalent to a simple infinitive as, 6 k6rira atisise, he liatedtoorlcing or toworh ; d ma d:;e atiye, toe eat to live. 168. The preposition li, in^ in regard to., is frequently inserted between the gerund or infinitive in ati and the verb on which it depends as, 6 ko li ati^i^e, he refused to wor\ instead of 6 k5 atisise. The insertion or omission of 'li' is not
1.
; ;
'
'
always optional
1.
to
the governing verb is composed of a verb and noun, as beru (ba eru), he afraid^ li is omitted, because the gerund in ati sustains the relation of
' '
When
'
'
a genitive to the noun contained in the verb of doing it)., he was afraid to do it ; 6 mura
sleep or sleeping').^
lie
as,
6 beru atise e
{lie
tnet-thefear
prepared
to sleep /
(mu ara) atisiig (Jie tooh-himself tonwoq wona (wd 6na) atiw6 ile {fliey soughtthey endeavored to enter the house.
tlie-lioiise)^
39
A simple verb,
li e.
on the contrary,
may govern
doing
the infinitive
by means of
do
it,
'
'
li
6 sd
a.
instead of 6
s& atise
in such cases is not indisthe people generally prefer it. Hence we constantly hear such pensable, yet expressions as, nwoq rd li atikpa S, they thought to hill him ; awa kpfed^o li atikole, we assembled to huild a house. h. In many cases the form with li ati,' and the simple form of the verb, may be employed indifferently and interchangeably but when the infinitive is gerundive in its nature, the form with li ati is Thus it is perfectly correct to say, preferable.
that,
It should
be observed
'
li
'
'
'
a house; but it would not be proper to say, nwoq r6 kpa fi (instead of li atikpa), they thought to hill him, because the precise meaning of the expression is, tJiey thought of hillvng him. 169. Nouns formed by reduplication have much the same sense when employed
(instead of
li
actively as those in i and ati.' Thus, igb6 ko ito, atigb6 k6 it6, gbigb6 k6 is not enotigh, are equivalent and it6, hearing equally proper forms of expression. lYO. In the form atima ri, to be seeing, the auxiliary particle takes the formative prefix like a principal verb. or infinitive of this form denotes gerund
'
'
'
continued or customary action as, atima ^e eru ni ii^oro, to be a slave is hard; emi I)r6n6 li atima gb6 6ro Olorui), lam thinking to hear the woi'dof God, i. e. to become a hearer, or to make a (mstom of hearing. 171. The infinitive passive is expressed; 1. By the form in 'a'-; as, 6hug ari, a thing to be seen; nwoq ^e agbarar^ akparuq {they made power his Ordestruction*), they caused his pcnoer to be destroyed. 2. By nouns in ati preceded by li ; as, 6 kp6 woq di;ade li atikpa, he called them out to be hilled, or to hill them.
; ' ' ' '
3. a. as,
li,
fi
or
^e, in
the sense of
tliem to
to be ;
woq
le ^e tit^,
he delivered
them wp
. .
le) to be
sold ; 6 fu
woq
li
gave
have meat
Yoi"id)a
he game tJiem meat to eat. b. But the verb di, ni, or ^e is sometimes omitted a.s, is difficult to or he spoken, ; mo r^ dgutaq kpikpa, speak
to he eaten),
;
Yoruba 6oro
fif5,
I bought
sheep
to hill
or be
hilled.
Participles.
172. The Yoruba language has no participial words except the verbal nouns just The substitutes to be employed for participles depend on the nature of the sentence.
noticed.
173.
1.
2.
By By By
Our Present Participle is represented, a simple verb as, 6e gbogbo re here nihinyi, do all of it beginning here. a verb with the prefix g as, d ri enia qdiioko lebd 5na, we saw people
;
'
'
and nominative
as,
nigbati 6
si
yanu
r^,
6 k6
Akparui), which is destroyed, which is to be destroyed ; ari, which is seen or to he seen. when It denotes the object or recipient of an action, has no exact equivalent in English.
Dictionary.
noun
'
in
'
a,'
See
'
in the
40
woq
he tonight them)^
as,
and opening
fi
his mxmth^ he
6 ^e aga aruq
tdi),
ridning
174.
it entirely.
The
Perfect Participle
is
represented
';
much
qmi
in the
same manner
present
1.
By
as,
ifefe
fu afefe,
a reed shaken hy
the
wind.
verb used impersonally as, igi ti & gbiq hy river), a tree planted by the river. 3. By a verb used passively with a nominative
2.
By a
leti
6do
(tree
as,
d ba ile-tubu 6 se (we
found
some-
jailrhonse,
4.
it wa-s-s-hut), xoe
found
;
tlie
prison shut.
ri
By
By
ki, that.^
and a verb
as,
mo fe
gkaq ki 6 to wo r| ^e {I wish
;
to see
a noun, or preposition and noun as, nwoq ba S oku, they found him dead (oku, a corpse) 6 sSkdle si ile re ni idalare, he descended to Jiis house justified, lit. in justification.
;
Substantive
Verbs.
1Y5. No language, perhaps, can claim so many verbs expressing existence, The whole number of either absolutely or in different relations and capacities. these verbs to be, including those which have other meanings, is ten, to wit mb^,
:
si,
d^e, di.
peculiarities
which prevent
176. This verb denotes existence ahsolutely, as Olorur) mb^, God exists, or God Mb^ is is, an expression often employed by the Yorubas as a solemn asseveration. used in all modes and tenses but in the imperative its place is usually supplied by gbe or wA.
;
wk.
verb absolute, but is not entirely equivalent to mb|. occasionally employed as an auxiliary particle, and in this capacity forms an indefinite past tense, the only one in Yoruba corresponding to the English imperfect as, 6 wk ri, he sato. 2 In some dialects it is preferred to mb| in the preterite as, 6 wa, he was.
177.
1.
is
W^
also a
It
is
3.
W4
is
preferred to
mbe
in the future,
and
in the imperative
as,
yi 6 w^, he
will be ; 6
4.
as,
wk
ib^, be ye there.
In the
iltS,
6 vfk
dialect, w^ is preferred to mb^, to express existence in a place ; he is in the house ; lit. he is house, the preposition ni, in, being omitted
Egba
In speaking of the duration of existence, -wk (but not mb|) is employed in the sense of to live / as, 6 w^ li ogoruq oduq, Its Uved a hundred years, lit. he was
5.
foi'
a hundred years.
41
178. This verb, -whicli denotes existenoe in a state or condition^ is nearly obsoa dumb persmi. as, 6 y^di, he is diimb^ lit. y^ odi, is
;
si
179. This verb, denoting existence in a place, is chiefly used in negative sentences as, ko si owo, or ow6 k6 si, there is no money. 2. The only instance in which 'si' is used without a negative, is in the phrase
;
si
tion
qkaq (it is a thing), there is something the matter, said in reply to the quesk^ si gkaq ? (not is a thing), is not something the matter ?
180. Hi denotes a inode of existence, and with such words as behe, so, thus ; bi, as ; bi , -bi 6 ti ri, how is it f it-is it is), so it is
,'
is
.
.
is
doubtful
but
it
may be
ri,
to see,
employed
in the
ni ov
li.
182. 'Ni,' whether employed as a verb, pronoun, or preposition, usually But this change does not li before a vowel as, li ori, on tlie top. the combinations idi, igb, ih, ik, ikp, il, and in as, ni generally take place before
becomes
'
'
ni igba, at the time ; ni ika, tolmve cruelty, to be cruel; ni ikpa, in \dize, for food ; ni ile, in the Iwuse ; ni in6, in tlve inside. tlifi path ;
183,
The
'li'
manner with the personal pronouns of the third employed in the Aramaic languages. The pronominal origin of the word is shown by person the fact that in many cases it is equivalent to it is / as, tani ni who is it ? ami ni, In other cases it may be rendered it is I; awa li o Se e, we it is that did it.
as a copula, in like
'i
to be ;
a.s,
tani ni babd, r^
frequently employed pleonastically 1. For the purpose of making a proposition emphatic or definite as, emi ni saw. (See 185, 1.) see ; emi li o ri (/ am that saw), (/ it4s see), 2. Before nouns following verbs of naming, calling, &c. as, nwoq so oruko r^
:
is
ri
li
name Alaidiu (lit. woq ole, Alaidi;u) them thieves. 3. After an objective placed emphatically at the beginning of a sentence And in like manas, malii li d kpa (cow it-is tve hiUed), ive hilled a coto. ner after adverbs and adverbial phrases as, behe li 6 wi (so it-is lie said), he said so. a pei-sonal 185. When 'ni' is used pleonastically, it is frequently followed by
Alaidzu, they called his
called
to be
;
d kpt;
li
we
42
1.
she,
li
it,
'
ni
'
;
as,
emi
li
ri
m5 mo
{ye
it-is
that Tcnetv),
yehnew.
But
this tense refers to present time, the relative pronoun is generally omitted ; ri (I it-is see ; eijyii) ni see), {ye it-is hiow), ye hioiv. as, emi ni 2. In the future tense 'ni' is followed by yi, he, she, it, or that ; as, emi ni yi 6
when
ri
(/
it-is
I shall see ;
eqyiq ni yi 8
m6
{ye
it-is
that will
know), ye
will Tinow.
gbe.
186. Gbe,
junctive;
as,
to dwell, abide,
mb^
in the imperative
lie
and subhe,
gbe
gbe {make
that
he),
let
him
or
let
him
yfh,
alone.
is
often pleonastic after adverbs of place; as, ni nwoq gbe kii, here they died.
dl.
ile ti
6 gbe
188. Di,
implied
lie
as,
getting old ;
to hecome, maybe rendered by the verb to he, when change of state is iwo 6 di omo buburu, tJwu toilt he a had child ; 6 di arugb6, he is di atoqbi, to he horn again ; 6 di eni egki) {lie hecame one of contempt),
was
despised.
se.
189. The verb se, to do, to act, may be rendered as a substantive verb in several cases, as follows it has for its object a noun which denotes one who acts in some capa1. city or fills a station ; as, nwor) se woli, they were prophets, i. e. they acted as pro;
When
phets or performed the work of prophets iwo ni q^e babd mi, thou art my father ; eni ti ise akobi, he who is first-born ; okpo li 6q se, she is a widow ; yi 6 se krm fu
;
gyiq,
2.
as,
it
will he
The verb
li
oba
a sign to you. se (and sometimes die ') is used with a negative instead of he is a hing ; ki i^e oba, he is not a Mng.
'
' '
'
ni
'
relation of ownership
'
as,
yi 6
190. In the imperative with the negative mdh, not, s4 is frequently used pleoIt is sometimes used in nastically, like the English do ; as, mdh se loh, do not go.
'
the same manner in connexion with other negatives to express a refusal se 16h, I will not go.
idze.
as,
emi d
Die appears to be another form for se at least the use of the two verbs is very similar. Die is employed as follows 1. To express being or acting in the capacity of an officer; as, o die bale {lie acts governor), he is governor tali o fi mi die onidadio ? who made nie to he e. who made me a judge f judge? 2. Die is the only word employed in the sense oitohe'va. connexion with num 191
'
' . ;
:
;.
i.
bers
as,
6 die ogota
{it
makes
sixty), it is sixty.
43
eni
'
Sometimes
i
'
d^e,' like
'
^e,'
d^e or
se
(I not Tcnoto
Mm who
'
appears to
Tie
is)^
than se 1 92. In expressing refusal, d^e is more frequently used pleonastically will not go. ( 190) ; as, emi o dze 16h,
'
'
193. In addition to the pleonastic uses of verbs which have already been spoken of, the following are worthy of notice Verbs of going and coming are much employed pleonastically after verbs of
:
motion to or from a place, and this gives peculiar definiteness to the language as, 6 gbe e lati oko 16h, he tooh it from the farm to some place at a distance from the speaker (which fact is indicated by 16h, to go or going) 6 gbe e lati oko wdh, he tooh it from the farm and brought it hither (which is indicated by wdh, to come or coming). So, 6 kpada 16h (Ae returned going~)., he went hach ; 6 kpada de (lie
And
16h (^from
now
;
going)., hence-
li,
to h-a^e., is
always added
as,
bu mi
li
omi,
give
me
water ; Oloruq
li
fil
woq
li
agbara,
NOUNS.
195. Yoruba nouns are not varied in form to express gender, number, or case or in other words, they exhibit no traces of inflexion.
Oender.
;
196. follows
:
Gender
is
is
an actual difference of
sex, as
a male, abo, a she-animal, a female ; akuko, a cock, agbeb5, a hen- oko, a he-goat, ake, a she-goat; 6koi]ri, a man, 6biri, a woman; babd, a father, iya, a mother ; and a few
1.
By
using different
words
as,
ako, a he-animal,
others.
2.
By
adding to a
sition.
In the case of animals, by prefixing ako, male, and okib, female ; as, ako malii, a hull, ab6 malu, a cow ; ako e^iq, a horse, ab6 e^ii), a mare. h. In the case of persons, by appending the words 6kor)ri, man, and 6biri,
a.
woman ;
as, om6koi)ri (omo dkoqri, child man), a man-child, a boy, om6biri (omo a woman-child, a girl ; iwofa 6kor|ri, a bond-man, iwofa obiri, a bond6biri), woman; egb6r) dkoqri, an elder brother, egboq 6biri, an elder sister ; aburo 6kor)ri, a younger brother, aburo obiri, a younger sister. 3. By compounding two or more words in construction as, bale (oba il^, lord of house), the master of a house, or father of a family ; iyale (iya, mother, mistress, ile, house), the mistress of a house, or mother of a family ; balogui) (oba, lord, li, as to, oguq, war), a general; iyal^e (iya, mistress, li, as to, dse, coohing), a female cook.
;
44
Number.
197.
1.
By
I
Iraale fe
There are two metliods of indicating that a noun is plural employing the personal pronoua awoq, they.^ before the noun as, awoq oguq, tJie Moliammedans love war ; d 6 ri awoq esiq, we did iwt see tJie
:
horses
tlie
connected by a conjunction, ' &yioi) ' is repeated before each of them as, awoij alagbAra, awoq ologboi), ati awoi) olododo, the powerful, tlie wise, and the But 'awoij' is not employed unless it is really necessaiy to indicate plurality. Thus in the righteous.
in this construction are
;
When
two or more
nouns
general proposition, aragbani bgboi), the ancients were wise, that the noun is used collectively.
it is
we
naturally infer
the idea of reciprocity or of repetition is connected with that of plurality, the two ideas are indicated by redu2:lication, a. The ideas of reciprocity and plurality are occasionally expressed by reduplication and a copulative conjunction as, ore or) ore ki iba ard woq d^^ (^friend and
2.
;
When
friend not tvith self their figh), friends do not fight with each other. b. Repetition and plurality are indicated by simple reduplication as, bu ikoqwo ikoqwo eru (talce handfid after handful of ashes), take handfuls of ashes ; eiye eiye mbe nib^ {bird bird is there), birds are tliere, i. e. in flocks.
;
In the numerals plurality is indicated by reduplicating the first portion as, egbegb6ruq, thousands, or thonsands on thousands ; ogogorui), hundreds, many hundreds.
G.
;
Case.
198. There is no inflexion of the Yoruba noun to indicate case. The relations, however, in which a noun may stand to the other words in a sentence are denoted
in various ways.
verb
subject of the proposition, or nominative, is always placed before the To this rule there is no exception. as, esiq sare, the horse runs. 200. The usage in regard to the vocative is various 1. In calling to a person at a distance, the particle 'o' is often employed after
199.
;
The
O child ! the noun as, omode o 2. If the person addressed is not far
; !
ofi",
tTiat ;
as, 6koi)ri
uA
who
;
is
yi, this,
frequently employed as, omode yi, kuro child, get out of the way ! 4. Usually, however, the name of the person addressed receives no addition
as,
omode, t6 mi wdh, child, come to me; eqyiq Yoruba, gbo ti emi {ye Yanibas, hear the words of ?ne), ye Yortd>as, hear me. 201. The position of the objective depends on the character of the sentence:
governing word; as, mo ri oba, I saw the king ; dig dkara fu babd, bake bread for fatlier. 2. In cases of emphasis, however, the objective precedes the governing word as, ki d di ? {ineat that toe fry), shall I erai) fry meat f obo ri see the baboon I 6q li d wi fu {him it-is toe spoke to), we told him.
1.
45
When
is
objective
calling
me; (I want fatlier see)^ I want to see my father. 202. The possessive relation is expressed in the following ways: 1. By placing the two nouns in juxtaposition, the name of the possessor always following that of the thing possessed as, iwe omo (hooh of child^^ the child's booh;
babd
ri
;
the governing verb is an infinitive, depending on another verb, the placed between the two verbs as, ye mi kp^ (cease me calV)^ cease 6 mo iwe \h, {lie Tcnoivs hook read')^ he knows Iww to read ; emi fe
;
ile
babd,
2.
bird's nest;
ebado okuq,
is
the shore
of the
sea, or
the sea-shore ;
okpa
irii),
staff of iron, or
expressed, in the Aramaic manner, by tlie relative pronoun ti, ivho, wJiich, placed between thera, which thus becomes equivalent to the preposition of; as, ile ti babd (house of
father),
father'' s
house
Kristi
ti
Oluwa,
203.
1.
The pronoun
the
first
or particle 'ti'
a.
When
predicated
ti
my it-is), my ; agbara of God), the power which is God''s. b. In propositions where the possessive relation is simply indicated and not predicated, but where the name of the thing possessed is not expressed as, nwoq se ti orisa do of idols), they da the work of idols, i. e. they serve idols ; awoq (they Nasdra fe ti Oloruq (they Christian love of God), Christians love the doctrine or service of God. When a laborer was looking for a suitable stone, another said to
is
father'' s
ti
ni (of father
idie
as, ti
The hearing, gbe ti ese r^ (take of foot thy), take the one at thy foot. instance comes under the same category ki i^e Oloruq okii bikd^e ti following dye, he is not the God of the dead, but of the living.
in
:
him
my
When the names of the possessor and possessed might be mistaken for names or epithets of the same person in apposition, the relation of possession must be indicated by ti Kristi ti Oluwa, ths Lord^s Christ ; Atiba ti oba, Atiba the as, servant of the king. Atiba oba, means Atiba tJie King the present King of Yoruba being named Atiba.
2.
'
'
Apposition.
204.
1.
"When nouns
tlie
word comes
firet;
as,
king, or King Atiba ; Kumi bale, Kumi the governor. 2. When a pronoun is in apposition with a noun, the pronoun comes first ; as, iwo thou child ; eqyiq ^nia, ye people. omo, 3. If words in apposition be connected by a copula, the predicate usually comes
first;
as,
emi
li
Oloruq (spirit
is
man
God),
God
is
spirit; ologboq
li
iwo
(loise-
ADJECTIVES.
205.
The
is
ofiBce
oi predicative adjectives,
:
i.
e.
a quality,
1.
performed
By
simple verbs;
as,
Aina
46
yi 6 dara,
lie
Like
other verbs, they sometimes take the auxiliary particle Aina is good ; Aina ni yi 6 dara, Aina will he good.
2.
ni
' ;
as,
Aina
ni dara,
By compound
he,
to nouns;
khma, {he
lazy.
verbs, formed by prefixing ni or li, to have, or ^e, to Aina lagbara (li agbara, has strength').^ Aina is strong ; iwo as, enia, art a person)., thou art Tcind; 6 sble (se ole, is a lazy one)., he is
i.
e.
1.
By
:
These are
either
a.
Abstract nouns formed by reduplication from the simple neuter verbs which employed as predicative adjectives; as, ohuq didara (thing of goodness)., a good thing ; oyir) didSq (honey of s^veetness), sweet honey , igi nldnla (tree of
are
largeness).,
b.
a large
tree.
;
as,
room ;
2.
baqga 6ke (room "of wpperness)., art, upper a strong man ; ise wahala (work of
;
noun they qualify as, a strongman otosi 6biri (miserable-one woman)., alagbaraenia (strong-oneperson)., a miserable or wretched woman okp6 6biri (widow woman)., a vndow. 3. By the relative pronoun ti, who., which., and a verb as, oyiq ti o doq (honey which it is-sweet)., sweet honey ; ida ti o mu (sword which it is-sha?p), a sharp sword; igi ti o ^e (stich ivhich it is-hroheii)., a broken stick. 4. In a very few instances, by a simple neuter verb as, mo ri obo nld, / saw a baboon ; enia rh li o 6e (person is-good it-is that did it)., a good person large did it.
By
Comparison.
indicated
1.
207. Higher degrees of quality, answering somewhat to our comparative., are by the addition of words which perform the office of adverbs.
is
d^ii, surpassing.,
exceeding.,
to go,
as,
6 dara d^ii
(it
is-good exceeding),
pleonastically after
very
;
good., it is better.
;
16h L6h, frequently employed as, 6 dara diu but this adds nothing to the sense. 2. form of expression equivalent to a comparative is made, when only one term of the comparison is given, by adding si i, to it, i. e. in addition, more ; as, 6 dara si i (it is-good more), it is better.
d^u
3. More than is expressed simply by d^ii, or di;u 16h as, isubu roroq d^ii idide, or d^u \^\^^\()\i, falling is easier than di^u ki d ^e otoris^ing ; 6 ye fu ni ki k 6ise it is proper 6i, for us that we labor rather than that toe be poor. be expressed: 208. The highest degree, or superlative,
;
may
1.
By
By
dill
gbogbo, or
di:u
loh, surpassing all; as, eyi all away), this is the best.
gbogbo
as,
47
NUMERALS.
Cardinals,
list
exhibits the
Yoruba
eni, okai).
edii.'
(100 + 1).
eta.
(1105). (12010).
(20x6).
4.
5. 6.
eriq.
arurj.
efa. ed^(5.
(14010).
(20x7).
7.
8.
(16010).
(20x8).
edi;o.
9.
esaq.
(18010).
(20x9).
10. ewa.
11.
okaqld
{great 1).
"
(20010).
(200+10). (200+20). (200+30). (200+40). (200+50). (400100).
( "
(
2).
3)-
"
( 4).
18. c^dzidil6guij 19. 6kaqdil6guq 20. ogiiq. 21. 6kaqlel6guq 22. ed;^ilel6guq 23. ^taleloguq
24. 6riqlel6guq 25. 6ed6gboq 26. ^riqdilogboq 27. 6tadilogboq 28. ed:^idil6gboq 29. 6kaqdilogboq 30.
iriq'o.
(600100).
(200x3).
(800100).
(200x4).
(20+3). (20+4).
(1000100).
(200x5).
(1200100).
(200x6).
(1400100).
(200x7). (200x8). (200x9). (200x10). (2000+100). (200x11).
(2200 + 100). (200x12). (200x13). (200x14). (200x15). (2000 X 2).
(405). (40-1).
(20x2).
1800. egbfeaq 2000. egba 2100. egba 6 le ogoruq 2200. egbokaqla 2300. egb6kaqla 6 le
ogoruq
2400. egbediila 2600. egb^tala 2800. egbfriqla 3000. egbged6guq 4000. egbadiii
(100-10).
(20x5).
48
5,000.
40
by
Cardinals
okdq (ow6 kdij)
Price.
50
NUMERAL ADVERBS.
218.
1. a.
kinds, viz.
The cardinal
by
prefixing '1' (li, in) and 'e' (a contraction of eriq or ariq, time) to the adjectival forms of the cardinals; as, lekdq, once; lemedii, twice. Very often erig or arii) is pronounced in full as, leriq kdq, or lariq kdr). h. For the round numbers, igba, time^ is employed and in this case n (ni, in)
are formed
'
'
is
preferred to
2.
'1,'
as
as,
Ordinal adverbs, which denote the order in which events occur, are formed
'
by
prefixing
le
'
to the ordinals
lekedii, secondly.
ADVERBS.
Formation of Adverbs.
219. In regard to their origin, adverbs may be divided into four classes: 1, primitive adverbs; 2, nouns used adverbially; 3, words compounded of nouns and other accompanying words, as prepositions, &c. and 4, verbs used
;
few primitive adverbs, that is words which are adverbial in their primary acceptation as, lai, eveft^ ; ewe, again ; eq, yes ; ndau, nx). 221. Nouns employed as adverbs are of two classes 1. Primitive abstract nouns; as, die, a little^ e. g. 6 suq die. Tie shpt a little ; 6ke, the parts above^ on Mgh, wp^ e. g. 6 gori 6ke, he rose tip ; isale, the parts below, down, e. g. o 16h isale, he went dmon. 2. Derivative abstract nouns, as, especially those formed by reduplication
;
:
Many
;
they consulted much / 6 huwa buburu, he behaved badly. adverbial expressions are composed of ni or li, in, and an abstract
in this-day), to-day ; nigbani (ni igbani), long ago ; &c. (li oto), truly, 2. Sometimes, however, several words are combined into one as, disisiyi (di isisi yi, till time this), hitherto ; nigbagbogbo (ni igba gbogbo, in time every), always.
as, loni (li oni,
;
noun ( 62)
223. Verbs are frequently converted into adverbs enough, is used in the sense of sufitcientl/y / as, 6 s6ro t6, he spoke enough. b. toq, or tiiq, to be new, fresh, young, is used for again / as, 6 t6q de, he came
:
a. t6, to be
again.
c.
kp6,
to be
common,
for in
comm/m, or
together / as,
they con-
sulted together.
d. d^u, to surpass, excel, for mm-e, he labored m,uch or excessivel/y.
much;
as,
51
Classification
of Adverbs.
of time, 224. There is no deficiency of adverbs to express the various relations few of each class will be given, and the othera may be found in the &c. place,
Dictionary.
1.
Of Time :
loni (li oni), to-day / lana (li ana), yesterday / lola (li ola), to-mor(li
odi;o-od^o, 63), daily ; lo^o^u (lio^u osu), momOdy ; lekaq, mice I lemedi;!, twice ; nigbati, when ', nigbana, thmi j ki. . to, before^ e. g. ki emi
.
row ; lod^od^o
to de, hefore
2.
I come.
nihiqyi (ni ihiq yi),
(li
Of Place : Of Manner
;
fi
Jiere ;
(li
oke),
xipwards ; lehig
3.
ehiq), backwards.
dantly
4.
or Quality : di;ed:?;e, softly / li okpoloko (in ahundance)^ abunogboq {with toisdom)^ loisely ; fi ika, cruelly ; fi agbara, poiverfully,
'
. . . . .
violently.
ti kp6, okpo, mioch ; die, little ; to, enough / bi kp6 t6, to (as I how wish to-go much enough^^ how Jww much^ e. g. bi mo ti fe 16h kp5 e. g. bi emi 6 ti ^e m5 ? (as I shall how do tomuch I wish to go I bi ti, how.^
Of Quantity :
Tcncno)^
5.
how
sliall
ITcnotc ?
d^ti,
Of Comparison:
more, exceedingly;
rere,
gidigidi, di;od;^o,
perfectly, completely;
well;
almost.
Of Affirmatio7i : eq, yes ; beheni, so, so it is, yes ; 6, yes. Of Negation : ndau, n, no ; beheke, not so, no ; ki, kd, k6, k6, not ; to which it may be added that any grave unaccented vowel, except a' and 'e,' is a
6.
T.
'
negative.
8.
Of Doubt : boya
it
kpe, if
can be
that^, if possible;
kosekpe
suppose
9.
that.
Of Interrogation : bawo ?
?
nitorikini
(eyi se, this is), tohy ? (niti ori kini, as to reason what), wherefore ? why ?
Iww f
ese
Const/ruction
of Adverbs.
;
225.
ri i loni,
As
a general
saw him
is
adverbs follow the words which they qualify as, mo to-day. may state, however, three exceptions to this
rule,
We
rule:
1.
The adverb
to-day
sometimes placed
first
ri
i,
I satv
as,
loni ni
mo
him.
But although
not ahvays seem intended when it is employed. 2. Adverbs of doubt, negation, and some others, generally precede the word which they qualify; as, boya yi o \6h., perhaps he will go ; emi ko ri i, / did not see him. 3. Adverbial phrases composed of fi, with, and a noun, precede the verb as, 6 fl ogboi) ^e e (he with wisdom did it), he did it loisely.
;
52
PREPOSITIONS.
FormaiAon of Prepositions.
226. Prmdtives. Three of the prepositions, ni, in ; si, to ; and ti, from^ are regarded as primitives. It is not improbable, however, that ti is the verb ti, to push^
'
'
to prop.
d^oko
of
'
ti
Retaining a trace of this meaning, it becomes a preposition, ti, hy ; as, 6 But at present the most usual meaning mi. Tie sat hy me^ i. e. touching me.
\sfrom. Verhs employed for Prepositions. Many verbs are employed as prepofew examples will sitions, although they still continue to be construed as verbs. be given here the remainder will be found in the Dictionary. a. ba, to meet., becomes bd, witTi,fo9\ from ; as, 6 bd. mi 16h, Tie went witTi rne i 6 bd mi vk d,die, Tie hougTit a fowl fromi me ; bd mi wd aso, seeTc dotlifor me., i. e. help
227.
ti'
to procure some cloth. If this w^ord were construed as a preposition, it would follow the verb as, 6 16h bd mi but the phrase would be unintelligible to a native of Yoruba.
; ;
me
becomes fi, witTi ; as, 6 fi ida ^dq. Tie smote witli a sww'd. G. fu, to give^ becomes fu, to, for as, wi fu ii, speaTs to Tiim / mo r^ S fu, I it for Tiim. But fu,' unlike bd and fi,' is construed as a preposition. hougTit The reason is that fu wherever used is in the infinitive mode whereas bd and fi belong 1;o the preceding nominative, and the verb which follows is an
h.
fi,
to moTce^
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
infinitive.
nail
and t6, to approacTi^ to follow^ are used for to / as, kaq S mo igi, th mi wdh, come to me. e. kd, to place^ set^ and lu, to striTce^ are employed for on j as, gbe e kd ina, set it on tTiefire ; 6 subu lu mi, it falls on me. 228. Compound Prepositions. We have already noticed the fact that the Yoruba language has names for purely abstract relations, which in many other languages are expressed by adverbs and prepositions. These abstract nouns are frequently as adverbs'; but to make them available as prepositions, they must be employed compounded with ni, m; si, to; or \j\ from; as, nino, m, witTiin^ from in6, tJie
d.
m6,
to adTiere^
it to tTie
wood ;
inside.
mind
229. This account of prepositions leads us to notice the manner in which the of the people contemplates relations. First, they regard the relations of ?/p,
down^ within.^ witTiout^ c&c, as actual things, and give them names. Secondly, they view these relations as fixed or permanent and to form adverbs of permanent relaThis word ni denotes fixedness tion, they prefix ni or li to the abstract noun. of relation, and is always employed after the substantive verb, whence it may be called the substantive preposition. Finally, the Yorubas contemplate the relations as in a state of motion or emanation /rom the subject to the object. Motion from is invariably expressed by ti,' and motion to by si.' Thus from each noun of relation are formed three prepositions, to point out the mode in which the relation exists between the subject and the object as, 16do (li odo), down, employed after verbs of rest or fixedness sodo (si odo), down, employed after verbs of motion to
; '
' ' '
'
'
'
'
53
object ;
todo*
(ti
;
from the
olyect to the subject below me.; 6 mb6 t6do mi, it is coming below me,
6do), doivn^ employed after verbs expressing motion 16h sodo mi, go e. g. 6 w^ lodo mi, it is below me;
i.
e. it is
towards me.
230.
'ti'
receiving the prefix a ; as, ati, the fromTiess. does not take the prefixes si and ti,' but it is often compounded with lati il6 de oko, from the house to the farm.
by
only takes the substantive form For obvious reasons this noun
' '
li
as,
Construction of Prepositions.
231. Usually the preposition is placed immediately before the objective, and But to this rule the verb precedes both as, 6 mbe nin6 ile, he is in the lunise. we note two exceptions
;
:
1.
A finite
is
<?.)
as,
6 ba
2.
the preposition
;
tive, as
as,
by which it is governed in the object emi ri ibi ti 6 dioko si, I sav) the
'
pla<;e tohich
si
ni.'
CONJUNCTIONS.
232.
peculiarities of the principal conjunctions, arrangthe English words to which they correspond.
by
various particles.
personal pronouns as, iwo ti emi ri i, thou and I sato it ; yi 6 emi ti iwo, he will Mil me and thee. The pronouns, whether singular or plural, kpa which are connected by ti,' must be of the primary forms, except that re may be employed after 'ti' instead of iwo, thou, or 6q, he ; as, emi ti r^ d, o 16h, I and thou will go ; emi ti r^ ^e e, I and lie did it. b. In connecting verbs or clauses of sentences, ti is frequently employed with
a.
By
two
cases only:
;
To connect
'
'
'
'
'
'
si,'
and, also
as,
ri
i,
ti
si
mu
ba
u.
hirn),
bi 6
de,
'
si kpfe
mi
we and he
By
'
ati,'
to connect nouns, pronouns, adverbs, and prepositions ; as, 6biri ati omo loh, the woman and the child toent ; 6 kpe iwo ati emi, Jie called thee and me ; d ri wog leba ati nin6 6do, we saw them by and in the river ; 6 s5ro
a.
'Ati'
is
employed
l^saq ati lailogboq, he spoTce vainly and foolishly. ' b. Ati ' 6annot be employed to connect verbs, because
it
it would make the verb sound to a verbal noun with the prefix ati.' he arose and went, would always be taken by the hearer for
equivalent in
to go.
'
* This form
is little
used.
54
3.
'
Oq
'
is
equivalent to
;
'
ati
'
it is
connect nouns
4.
as,
mo
ri
Dadd og Ade^ina,
;
sometimes preferable to
Kpelu, wiih^
is
frequently employed in
as,
and
to connept nouns
6biri kpelu
is
omo
o de, the
child
Si
'
(si ehiq, to
hac\ go hachwa/)-ds)
as,
dide
si 16h, a/rise
and go.
;
Very often a nominative pronoun, agreeing in number and person with the nominative of the first verb, is employed pleonastically before the conjunction
dide, Tcnow.
emi
mo
si
loh,
as,
iwo
ati
emi
ri
si
I see and
Because^ for., is represented by 'nitori' (ni itori), in or ly reason.^ hy reason of^ either of which may be employed at the option of the d ni 16h nitori oba mb5, we must go speaker as, for the Tcing is coining. 2. Before ati,' ni ') is nitori mo and^ the initial n
234.
'
1.
or
nitori
;
ti,'
'
'
'
'
(or preposition
beru
6nia, hecatise
Ifeared thee,
dropped
as,
an
austere nian.
called 235. But., 6ugb6q, biko^e, bio^e; as, mo kp^ e,^ugb6q k6 die wdh, Mm, but he wovM not come ; ki i^e asiwere bikose ologboq, he is not a fool but a
wise man.
kosekpe, iba; as, bi 6 ba; -mS, if he knew or Tcnows ; kosekpe eqyir) loh, if you go ; iba m5 eyi, yi 6 kpada, if he Tcnew this, he would return. 237. Lest, ki...mdh, sometimes with 'nitori' immediately preceding 'ki'; as, d ^ise ki d mdh 6agbe (or nitori ki mdh, &c.), we ^oorli lest we should beg. .behe as, ko 16h behe ni k6 dioko, lie neither 238. Neither nor, ko or ki
236.
If
bi,
. .
Sometimes ko k6 as, ko ni babd ko ni lya nd, he has neitJier goes nor stays. father nor mother. 239. Or, tabi, mbi iwo tabi emi, tliou or I; ako mbi dbo ? a male or a
. . .
female
?
ni,
240. Whether ...or, iba... iba: iba 6e 6koqri iba 6e 6biri whether they be men or women, he will hill tliem. 241. Since, nigbati; nigbati eqyir) come, tve hear the word of God. 242. Tluit,
1. is
. .
yi 6
kpa W9q,
you hawe
ti
de, d
since
represented
ki 6
'
by
several particles
By
ki, ki
ni ki 6 16h, ; as, say tliat he must go ; or if the nomihas two or more letters, ki 6' follows it as, mo ni ki oq
'
;
mo
must
go.
ti
.
2.
By
ti
as,
ki
li
emi 6 ^e
what
shall
do
tJiat
I may
!
inherit life ?
; as, 6 ri i kpe 6 dara, he saw tliat it was good; kpe is used pleoafter verbs of nastically saying, writing, perceiving, &c. ; as, d ti kowe r^ kpe, saw6 6 mb6, it is written, behold ! he cometh iwo 6euq, Ihnow tluni art good ; emi vah
3.
By kpe
kpe
6 bi wor) lere kpe, li oruko ta ni nwoq s5ro, he asked them in whose name they spoke; nwoq be e kpe ki 6 16h, they begged him to go. 243. Then, ndie as, nd^e d 6 suq li odaq, then we must sleep inihe prairie.
;
244. Though, bi, frequently followed dltltmigh we have rd)elled against him.
by
tile,
even;
as,
bi d tile ^ote
si
i,
55
INTERJECTIONS.
245.
Behold ! w6
saw6
kai
!
kiyesi
Fudge
huq
816
Pshaw !
WoTidei-ftd! kpa! ekpa! ari! Get out of the way ! ago kuro
!
56
SPECIMENS OF COMPOSITION.
SPECIMENS OF COMPOSITON.
YOEUBA PEOVEEBS.
songs, and, I believe, but few popular stories but the abounds in proverbs, which are at once the poetry and the moral science language of the nation. Many of them are sententious observations on the nature of things others are designed to inculcate the various relative duties of men and a few are simply an ingenious play upon words. We subjoin some specimens of these proverbs, not only to exhibit the idioms of the language, but also to illustrate the character of the Yoruba mind. They are taken chiefly from Crowther's Vocabulary.
;
;
1.
Eni Mat
aba kb t6 bi
of grass not lasts
as
kd &e ika;
not does bend
;
riruq
breaking
ni
ruq
breaks
it-is it
w6mwom.
to-pieces.
bulrush mat
it
breaks to pieces.
Abaiyed^e k6 ^e
Tattler
ifl
idi
6ran
a
h&q.
apypear.
root of matter
one''s secrets to
tattler.
3.
Abd k6
The
&e ik^q
m6
on
ni
li ese,
biko^e eni
except
ti
r)^e
is-doing
buburu.
evil.
one
who
of one, except
of him who
does
evil.
4.
Abata
Marsh
tdkete,
stands-aloof,
bienikpe k6 bd
as-if
aloof, as if it
6do
tar).
to the
stream.
Said
of people
who
are proud
and
1.
Kd
^e,
does not;
'ika,'
infinitive
i
after
^e,
it
tlie
riruij
ni
ruq, breaking
breaks, instead of
preformative 'i' being very slightly sounded. 6 ruij, it breaks. This form is
Abaiyedie
it is
fi . h^i) (to make . . . appear) is a compound quite an English idiom ; transitive verb, meaning to show, reveal ; idl brar), the root of the matter, a secret. 3. In various and widely separated countries of Africa, prisoners are sometimes confined by placing a
not do,
he
is
'
world-spoiler.
'
.
.
Kd
^e
'
here means
it
will
'
kind of stocks. large iron staple around the ankle and driving the ends into a log, thus forming a rude 4. BI eni kpe, as if one should say.
SPECIMENS OF COMPOSITION.
5.
57
Bi od^um6 mo, oldwo gbe 6wo, iranwu A gbe keke, ad^agnq d gbe akpata,
If
dawn
weaver
diiX
dawns, trader
takes trade,
distaff,
warrior
he takes
shield,
iwoq^o d bere
ti
gbe
ti
asa,
sley,
kghe
di'A
ti
oq
ti
aruko,
hoe-handle,
omo-ode
child-oi-hunting
d
he
he stoops to-take
and
akpo
oroq.
hoio.
may
be rendered thus
When the day dawns, the trader betakes himself to his trade The spinner takes her distaff, the warrior takes his shield ; The weaver stoops to take his sley (i. c. bonds over it) The farmer awakes, he and his hoe-handle ; The hunter awakes with his quiver and his how.
;
to give a
more
6.
Ebi
Hunger
k6 kpa
not affects
6 Imale, Mohammedan, he
is
li
6q ki id^e ayd.
he
not
eats
says
monkey.
When a Mohammedan
he is not so scrupulous.
7.
But when he
is
hungry,
ki
iru
eraq
eriq
li
ori
ki
ma
may
fi
ese tkq
ire
ni
il^.
One not
with foot dig crickets in ground. One never carries elephant s flesh on his head that he may dig in the ground with his foot for crickets, i. e. one who has a plenty of elephant's meat (which is considered good food) does not
carries flesh of elephant
it
on head that he
put
The proverb
is
applied to rich
men who
8.
mean
Kpikpe
Long-time
ni yi
it-is
6
mil
kpe,
he-long,
eke k6
lie
mu
Srd.
body.
it
not catch
A
9.
long time
lie ;
but he
will
be detected at
last.
Amu
i,
ni
^e
esiq
ete
ti
imu
one, like
ni
li
agogo imo.
point of nose.
the point
Making one
to-be disgrace ;
of
the nose,
10.
Abdnise mdh bd
Helper
not
ni
he.
m6.
i.
He is
5. Bi, if,
when
a,
he or she, pleonastic, as
' '
it
often
is
in
animated discourse
is
ti
ti,
and
. .
and, or
both
6.
and.
to say,
Ni,
is
becomes
li
before a vowel.
The
construction
participial, that
is,
no word
for if or
when
8.
employed at the beginning of the sentence. burdens are commonly carried on the 7. Li ori
:
head
in Africa
;
ire,
for food.
Ar4, body, used for person, as sometimes in English form of saying a person is caught in a lie.
9.
eke
mu
ara,
catches
a person, an idiomatic
Amu
helps,
^e
esiij,
10.
Bk...ie
a making or causing to he a disgrace, means simply disgracing, or bringing disgrace on. (with ...to do or act), a compound transitive verb meaning to help, to aid ; hence abase, he
who
my ;
who,
r, thy, d-c,
may
8
be inserted before se
;
ti,
is
mo,
as,
58
11.
SPECIMENS OF COirPOSITION.
Akuko
Cock
of
gkgara ui idadiio fu ni
bulkiness it4s
decides
li
ariq
ogaijdiq.
for us in midst of depth-of-night. Persons are supposed to te disputing cock decides for us in the midst of the night. large about the time of night, when the crowing of the cock shows that it is very late. The proverb may be quoted whenever a dispute is suddenly decided by unexpected evidence.
12.
Akobi
First-born
ni
is
ti
eleraq.
takes a
of shepherd. a
When
woman
ewe or
she-goat, both of
erai), cattle,
owner, she claims the first-bom lamb or kid for her own.
the shepherd's.
13.
Ibaluwe
gbe
the
ile,
^e bi
is
akurS.
garden.
it is
like water-side
is
bath-room
li
it-is
in the house,
14.
Ologbdq
With
to JS(^oi
ogb6q
wisdom
r6
id^anu; okokaq
mh
d
it
iwa
ni
enia:
:
d
we
they forge
ba
fe ; d ba enia, o, attain to-know character oiperson, they attain to-give thee,not desire;
vab
iwa
bug
k6
dbq
bi^abadio.
On
it ;
racter of
it is
(to
made ; one by one we learn the characters of men : the chabe bad), if it were given thee as a present, thou wouldst not desire
painful
ti
one as a calamity.
15.
Ti
id^o qdfo,
dance,
&jh
rejoicing
ni
it-is
i^e
idiq,
wuye
oko
farm
wuye
igi. of wood.
ni
i^e
acts
igoqgo
the
d
they
worm :
qy^;
omo banabana
child of banabana
T)vh
is-going-to
they rejoice ;
rejoice ;
the skipper, wriggling about moves the worm: they dance, they but the child of banabana is going to the wood-farm. According to Mr. Crowther, this " proverb means, others may amuse themselves, but the poor man has no holiday."
16.
A
We
ki
iwd
ala^o
dla
ni
iso
elekpo.
the palm-oil
We
should
man
expect any
result
maker.
We
17.
Okete m,
Rat
says,
odi;6
gbogbo
li
it-is
not knows every ; he day another. The rat says he knows every day ; but he does not know another day ; i. for the future, in which he is imitated by the improvident.
day
he knows
he lays up nothing
12.
203, 1, a.
;
13. Gbe, to live or be in a place, is always used without a preposition is cultivated in the dry season only.
14. Ologboi), that Which has wisdom ; ogbor), wisdom; ologb6i) ogb6;), various wisdom or skill ; so a r6, they forge, is equivalent iru, or oniruru, means /tmc^s, this reduplication always implying variety to is or are forged (Gram. 148, 1) a ba, like iba,' a condition (Gram. 143) ; k6 fe, the sub-
oniru
'
implies
ject, iwo,' omitted, a common practice in Yoruba. 15. Ti . ti (see Prov. 5) wuye wuye, wriggling about
'
. . ;
bana, said to
so taka taka, staggering to and fro, repetition banawriggling is thought to indicate pleasure
;
;
in its
many
heads
of
;
omo banabana
livelihood
;
mouth, which is thus an emblem of the poor, by bringing firewood from the farms on their comp. the biblical expression, son of man, i. q.
man.
SPECIMENS OF COMPOSITION.
18.
59
Odiiik6koro
Govetousness
is
baM
babd
okandiua.
19.
016gb6
TVie
arokiq.
ologbo
20.
Alagbara
Strong
mdh m6
not
^ro
is
man
knows consideration
Eni
ti
kb gb6
ti
ega,
li
ega
oriole
qkpdtoto
is-noisy
enu.
of mouth.
i.
One who not hears of oriole, One who does not understand
he says
the orioles are supposed to undei-stand each other. prone to despise what they do not understand.
e. is
But
22.
Eleda
With
eda
God has
li
it-is
Oloruq dd
God
made
ni.
us.
nature nature
the same
we
23.
Bi alagbdra die o
J^ great
a
ni iya,
ki
fi
eriq si
i.
man
make
smile to him.
greater misfortune.
24.
Alakpatd ko
Butcher
m6
iru
eraq.
business,
The butcher has no regard for the breed of the sheep (which he kills). and does not meddle with matters which do not concern him.
He
attends to his
own
25.
Igbo
Forest
biribiri,
is-dark,
6kuqkuq
night
is
birlbiri;
is-dark ;
is
6kuqkuq
night
ni
it-is
yi
sete
igbo.
The forest
of the forest,
dark ; but
the darkness
26.
Bi ko ^e oboq
If not
very ?
is
d^i
li
oiiro
ki
6 mdh. bo Od^u r^
not
m6
sloven
who
that he
wash
face
his clean
6a^a?
Except a sloven, who
is
wont
to rise
19. Tlie
20. Before
Ologbo mdh,
to
is
not,
the chief of the Arokiq, whose business the relative is always omitted.
it is
to
remember the
21.
Gb6
ti,
' 22. Eleda eda (see Prov. 14) ; eni,' ni, same as and frequently employed instead of wa, us. son,
of, to
understand.
an
some
one,
a per-
(Gram.
37, 2, a)
ki,
; is
iya, affliction,
wrong
die
;
wrong
fi,
much used
imperatively
as,
ki o
fi,
make
thou, ki 6
let
161). 24. Erai), cattle, a term including homed cattle, sheep, goats, (fee 26. Bikdse (usually written as one word), except.
60
27.
SPECntENS OF COMPOSITION.
Emu
bal^
agbede.
;
Tongs are governor of smithshop. The tongs are at tlie head of the blacksmith'' s shop otherwise would bo unmanageable.
28.
0^6
Ornaments
Mil.
going.
onibud^e
of
k5
kpe
isaq,
oh6
oninaH
ko d^u oduq
year
the
man
29.
do not
last
No advantage or possession
kpa obo.
the
is
marks made by
permanent.
the inabi-wo-
Bi
If
adiia
dog
ba
*
li
eni
lehir),
has person behind, he-will kill baboon. If a dog has his master behind him, he will kill a baboon. This proverb the advantage of sustaining and encouraging people in their efforts.
is
designed to show
30.
Ad^a
Dog
ti
k6
li
eti
k6
^e
idegbe.
which not has ears not do for hunting. heedless dog will not do for the chase.
no one
will
employ
or trust him.
31.
t^
akpako.
hand
let
seizes palm-stalk.
If a man
man
32.
loses
an
office
fall his stilts, a hand will be stretched out to seize them. or position, another is ready to occupy his place.
^That
is,
so soon as
one
A
We
ki dd
ow6
16
to
ohuq
ti
& ko
le
igb6.
We
33.
thing which we not can perform. undertake a thing which we cannot accomplish. should not
OniM
ewa.
r)d:^e
eso
gbir)gbuid6;
of
aled^o
guest
ni
ki
d se oq
him
li
ow6 kdg
hand
on
wild-beans;
says that we do
as-to
boiled-maize.
Although
the host
may
be living
on wild beans,
faces
an ornament. In this place it means the deep black stripes with which maidens ornament their and arms. Budi6 is the fruit of a small tree of the same name, which when green makes a jet black stain on the skin. Onibudie is the woman who makes a trade of marking the faces and arms of girls for a few cowries each. There is a fable of a jet black and exquisitely beautiful girl who was sought in marriage by all the nobles and rich men of the country but she treated every suitor with disdain. At last a worthless
28. Oso,
'
'
'
'
by which she was enticed into his house and detained all night. Although she escaped uninjured, the community at first thought otherwise; and the disgrace afflicted her so much, that she fled into the woods, where the violence of her grief changed her into the bush that still bears her name. ' Inabi is a plant the acrid root of which burns a durable black mark pn the skin. It is seldom used for
'
L6h,' pleonastic after dzil (Gram. 207, 1). marking. 29. Ba, an auxiliary particle (Gram. 139) ; a, he will (Gram. 135, 1, b). 31. Stilts are made of the foot-stalks of the akpako, or wine-palm, called bamboo by the whites on the western coast.
33.
'
Ndze (Gram.
1 29, 3)
; se
.. .li, to
do
in regard
to,
i.
e. to
supply with.
SPECIMENS OF COMPOSITION.
34. Mdli gbiyel6
ti
;
61
ogiiq
to
^ot
trust-in
inheritance
ow6
it6
ni.
sufficient-far one.
is sufficient for one.
Trust not
an inheritance ;
Said
to those
who
35.
Akoseba, eyi
Chance,
this
ti
idie
chance
odiiq.
year.
which amounts-to
He who
turn up."
xvaits for
may
wait a year.
Said
to those
who
36.
Eni
li d iberu ; d ki iberu eni ti d raq ni si. ti o rag ni ni ise One who he sends one on message it-is we fear ; we not fear one whom they send one to. We should fear him who sends us with a message, not him to whom we are sent. Applied to
37.
Er6 kpesekpese
Light
very ;
it is
ko m5
not
bi ard
qkag
igbiq.
snail.
know
as body is-paining
Said to those light blow, but do not reflect that it would hurt a snail. excuse their bad conduct to others on the ground that it does them no great harm.
a very
38. E^iq
Spear
ri ogui),
sees battle,
it
d^o
bko
ri
ogug, 6
battle,
y6.
the lance sees the battle, it rejoices,
dances
; lance sees
it rejoices.
When
39.
when
Ohuq
ti
d
li
fi
^so
mii
ki
bad;^e
okuq
ti
fi
agbara mii
ni
it-is
is sjyoiled ;
ard.
An
we conduct with
40.
Bi
If
eyd
wild-cat
ba
*
di
ekiiq, eraq
ni
it-is it will
ikpa
kill
it ^oill
di,e.
eat.
When
a leopard,
devour
beast*.
41.
Afedzu
Gesticulation
toto much
k6
in5
6kor)ri.
not knows
a man.
Much
"
not bite."
203, 1, b) ; eni and ni ( Prov. 22, and Gram. 104). proverb. Comp. Prov. 9 and 10. ' a rai) ni, they send us, for the passive, we are sent, 36. Iberu; for the initial i,' see Gram. 146, 1 ; Gram. 148, 1. Si and other prepositions frequently close a sentence, as in English.
34. Ti
ow6 (Gram.
elliptical
35.
An
ara kai), it hurts ; so, in6 doi), it is pleasant (Prov. 56). 37. Observe the ellipses; . lara 39. Ni ni, one, often equivalent (ni .,. li ark, to have as to the body), to annoy, to cause vexation ;
. . .
to wa, us.
40. Eya, a beast resembling a leopard, but rather smaller, the leopard cat
ikpa
'
i,'
see
Gram.
41.
146, 1
kpa dze, to devour, destroy, e.g. ef5i) kpaoi) die, the buffalo killed him totally, violently. Afediu, /rownm^r and other airs put on under pretence of courage ; md, to prove, to he evidence of.
;
SPECIMENS OF COMPOSITION.
50.
63
Afom6
Parasite
k6
li
egb6;
root ;
igi
tree
gbogbo
every
ni
is
Ibataq.
its
not has
kindred.
tree is its
kindred.
wtom he sponges
51.
Enl k6
Slave not
6e
is
omo
child of
igi:
erii
kii,
iya
ta;
erii
wood
child dies,
cry
arises ; slave
&e was
omo
child
ni
il6
iya
r|
ri.
A
bits
lamentation
slave is not a block of wood : if a slave dies, his mother does not hear of it J if a child dies, This fine sentiment exhiis made : the slave was once a child in his mother''s house.
something of the heart of the people who use it as a proverb ; and it explains the reason why the Yorubas usually treat their slaves with a degree of kindness worthy of a Christian people.
52.
Ada
dd
breaks
^dq igbo,
hush,
ko
ri
ere
igbo
6
it
ro
6na,
ko
ri
fere
ona
road
fi
ada
bill-hook
Bill-hook cuts
idakiida,
ada
dk
bends
id^kuda;
a-bad-bending
;
ada
eka
from
li
dd,
aruq
five-cowries
a-bad-breaking, bill-hook
bill-hook breaks, it
with
gbadi,
The
di
reaches
oko
farm
of
olowo;
owner
;
ada
li
oroi),
neck,
6 gbadi;a
it
girigiri.
tightly.
girds-its-hilt, it
on
the
is
girded
farm ;
road, but receives no profit from the road ; the bill-hook is badly broJcen, the bill-hook is badly bent ; the bill-hook breaks, it pays five cowries to gird its handle with a ring ; it reaches its
owner's
labors).
farm Has
the bill-hook
has a ring on
its
neck (handle),
it
is
new
slaves,
53. Ibi
ki
One
idiii
ibi;
bi
ti
bi
eni
li
it-is
bi
omo.
the free-born child.
as they
* bore slave so
was
was
54.
Bi
As
o
thou
ti
wu
please
ki
that
6
it
ri,
be,
abiroq
invalid
;
boya obuq
perhaps
ti
o
it
^e
ails
thing which
e him
loni
^e
iwo
lold.
thee to-morrow.
;
perhaps
the
same
him
to-day
may
55.
afflict thee
to-morrow.
Iwo
Thou
ni
it-is
qse abodiuwo
art superintendent
leliiq behind
babd;
master
;
todzu
look-to
;
ile
rere.
well.
house
Thou
56.
Ni igba
In
time
dgbe ba
*
qdi
is-binding
iti
ab6
bundles
of
okd
ot corn
dbq
nikpa
by
abd
bundles
is-sweet ;
ow6
wdb.
come.
rejoices ;
When
up bundles of corn, he
are obtained.
ino
52. Skx) Igbo, to clear land for a farm; ri ere die, to receive profit. a bi, they bore, in the sense oi was born (Gram. 148, 1). 53. Bi .ti, as ; 54. Bi o ti wil ki 6 se, followed by a negative, is the usual expression for by no means, not in any vnse. 56. Nigbati, spoken and written as one word, when; ba, the subjunctive particle ( 139), follows nigbati ;
. .
as,
ino
mi
d6i),
/ am
glad
in6 r d5i), he
is
glad
iti,
the con-
junction
( 146).
64
57.
SPECIMENS OP COMPOSITION.
Ohuq
Thing
tl
i^e
is
ohuq
abukuq ki A mdh.
that
se
do
si
to
omo-enik^dii
fellow-man of
eni.
one.
which
thing of contempt
we not
A
58.
AbuM
Patch
ni
it-is
mu
makes
aso
cloth
il6
last
to
long
|ni
;
ti
k6 ba ^e todiu abul6, yi 8
not
one
who
does
look-to
patch,
he will
6e make
ard r^
self
li
ofo
aso.
his in
want oi clothing.
last long ; one
little affairs
A man who
rag
one on
who
neglects the
want
59.
Bi
As
d
they
ti
ni ni
i^e,
li
it-is
d
we
di;e
deliver
bi
it
;
iwo ba seni
*
si
to
i,
it,
adabowo
responsibility
* send
r|.
message,
if thou
add
ard
of self thy.
As
own
60.
one
is sent
it ;
if thou
add anything
to
it, it
is
on thy
responsibility,
Addq
Bat
is
dorikodo
hangs-head-down
6
it
qwo
gbogbo.
all.
birds.
This proverb
61.
d^8 aiye
diu
alaiye
16h.
ITe eats
world more than owner of world going. He enjoys the world more than the owner of the world.
Said
6raq
of extravagant persons.
62.
Dulum6
ekpa
li
oroq
se^e,
d
it
d^ebi
w6
to-enter
ti.
to-fail.
Slander of ground-pea on
neck of white-pea,
condemns the-cause
injures another.
The slander of
that a slanderer
the
ground-pea against
injure himself
upon
itself.
Designed
to
show
may
more than he
63.
Obdnid^e 6 ba ard r^
Injurer
he
die.
He who injures
64.
Abdnidie
Quest
mdh. bd
ni se ifd
is profit to
enia
eni
ti
o die did5q
he eats
sweet
ni idie kikaq.
it-is
who
not
with one
is
oi person ; one
who
eats
sour.
So is a guest who
Said of persons
who
a person ; he who eats the sweet should also eat the sour. live on others, and will not assist in the labors of the family. no advantage
57. Ohui) abuMi), a contemptuous action or 68. Ba, after eniti ( 139). 69. Bi ... ti, as ba, after bi, if ( 139).
word
ki
amah
^e,
we should not do
145, 2).
li
loh, pleonastic. aiye), to enjoy the world ; 62. This proverb is highly idiomatic and therefore difficult ti implies/aiVwre ; 6 oroi) mi, he charged his sin upon me ;
61.
Diaiye (die
to
build
63.
diebi
6rar)
wo
ti,
means
an accusation : 6 fi |^e r he built a house failed, i. e. began that the condemnation recoiled on the accuser.
:
li
oroi) refers to
ile ti,
ko
. .
64.
The
obligation
is
frequently expressed
by the
indicative
SPECIMENS OP COMPOSITIOH".
65.
65
Abati
It
Makpa; d
;
ba
;
S
it,
ti,
d bd
8,
t6.
Shakiness of old-wall
is like
we against
friends with
of,
but,
on
in its shade). Said of persons (by sitting further acquaintance, receive into our friendship.
down
it
does not
are at
fall)
we make
whom we
first
suspicious
66.
Abebe
Pleader
ni
it-is
ib^
pleads
off f.
it.
ikii,
ab^be ni
pleader
it-is
ibe
5raq
bi oru
;
ba
*
mii,
is-sharp
death,
if
heat
abebe ni
fan
it-is
ibe
dissipates
a fan mitigates
verbial saying.
A pleader (or supplicaior) wards of death, a pleader wards off a difficulty ; A fanciful play upon the word abebe is the principal
it.
' '
It also
67. lyar)
mii,
ire
yo
iyaq
famine
r6,
rii.
Famine
When famine is sharp, the cricket is fat ; when famine is relieved, the cricket is jyoor. It also expresses the fact that when famine paradoxical play upon words. prevails, the cricket is eaten as if it were fat or delicious ; but when the famine is over, the cricket is rejected as
poor and
unfit to eat.
68. Ocli;o
Jiain
li
is
kpa bata
beats
li
ori
akpdta,
li
ode
yard
adi^dlubdta;
of chief-drummer
;
in
bdta drum
igi,
bata
shoe
li
is
aw9.
hide.
"
wood,
The rain
beats,
drummer
69.
the
drum
shoe drum, shoe drum," (or patter patter,) on the rock in the yard of the chief is wood, and the shoe is leather. words. play
upon
Kdnakdna bd kdnakdna
Crow
with
dzd,
fought,
kdnakdna
crow
dd
conquered
kdnakdna.
crow
crow fought with a crow, a crow conquered a crow. One. The Yonibas sometimes amuse themselves by repeating a play upon words by way of competition. At the end of the " " sentence, each time it is repeated, a bystander says, one," two," &c. and he who repeats the sentences oftenest without marring a syllable is victor.
;
crow.
Eni.
One.
70.
Ose
Smacking-of-lips
ni
it-is
isad^u
precedes
ekiiq,
weeping,
ri
abamS
mortification
ni
it-is
igbehiq
follows
^e.
Sraq
gbogbo
whole
difficulty ;
otokulu
of town
kpe,
assemble,
nwoq kd
they
ebo
abamo
As smacking
difficulty ; the
tnortification.
whole popu-
sacrifice to
make against
71.
Ikpa
Path
obere
of needle
li
it-is
okuq
it6.
thread follows.
the needle.
Applied
to
ba a ti (we meet it to-push), we push against it. 66. Oral), a difficulty, generally a cause before the judges. ' 67. The ' ire is a large cricket eaten by the poor in times of scarcity. 10. Ose ; the Yoruba people are accustomed to smack their lips several times before they begin to weep.
65.
66
72.
SPECIMENS OF COMPOSITION.
Abo^e
Job-work not
odi6; i6e
of
babd
ni
it-is
ighk od^o
receives
;
eni.
day
work of master
is
day
of one.
A job
work
the master's
work claims
little
73.
Adarid^ini ni
Forgiver
it-is
i^ete
edi;o.
conquers dispute.
He
giving
that
pardons
Designed
to inculcate a for-
spirit.
74.
Bi Oloruq ba
If
k^
ese
si
ni
us
li
oroq,
neck,
gbe.
I
God
should count
sin against
sins,
on
we would perish.
we perish.
have heard this remark made by heait is
am
a national proverb.
75.
we
to-compare
ohuq,
thing,
fi
5raq
we
6raq
fi
6raq
d^ii),
to-be-distant,
ki
that
d
they
thee.
thing,
forgive the matter, that thou mayest examining into the facts of a dispute and
;
76.
Abere bo
Needle
li
owo
hand
adete, 6
of leper,
it
di
ete;
;
6raq
ba
il^,
6
it
di
becomes
falls in
becomes consideration
ero.
thought.
up)
if
difficult
(how to pick
it).
requires thought
(how
to avert
77.
Aditaqmd esuo
Genealogy of
It
is like the
ti
li
4kulu
ekulu
li
it-is
o
she
bi
iya
r^.
persons
who
genealogy of the esuo, who said his grandmother was an 6kulu. pretend to be related to great families.
Applied
to
78.
Elede
Pig
kpa
Mo
tdq,
6
it
qwd
eni
r^re
good
ti
yi
is-seeking person
whom
he will
yi. rub.
The pig, having done wallowing in the mire, is seeking some clean person to rub against. Said of disgraced persons who attempt to intrude themselves upon good society.
79.
Onifuru
Suspicious-character
ti
itete ise
first
onile
kpele.
gently.
who
does master-of-house
suspicious character (being found in a house) immediately salutes the owner of the house
(before
he
is
saluted).
72.
See Dic-
tionary. 75. Fi
we,
to
compare
itaq
fi
diiq, to forgive.
11.
AditaqmS (da
lit.
79. Onifuru,
mb), a tracing of genealogy ; esuo and ekulu, two different species oi antelope. one who is pale with se apprehension kpele, to deal wtll with, to salute civilly.
;
. .
SPECIMENS OF COMPOSITION.
80.
G7
Agada ko
Sabre
1116
ori
alagbede.
know
the
it).
Applied
to
iugratitude.
81. Agbed:^e gb^ woq 1^, d ni ki d kpd S ni received them safe, they said that they cut it for Squash The squash having saved them (in time of famine), they
cup.
kpansa.
drinkinff-cup.
said,
Designed
yuest
of
Let us cut
it
for a drinkiny-
to illustrate ingratitude.
82.
A
We
ri
see
abdnid^e ^gboq
chin
isale; bi
below
;
6
it
kii
die
li
6wur6, k
morning,
it
ya
li
ale.
if
in
separates in evening.
meet with guests who are like the lower jaw ; if one die in the morning, it separates (from the upper jaw) in the evening. Said of those who forsake their friends in time of trouble.
We
83.
Akpdro diare
d^are
reasoned
adi;anakpa,
li
it-is
Ki
What
ice
li
is-it
6
he
mu
brought
aso
cloth
wdh
coming
ise
li
oko?
farm
?
A
He
to-do in
d gbe imu
do
the bird-snare
aso
il6h.
partridge. of this proverb is, that something can be said on both sides of a question. The partridge, seeing a cloth so spread out as to form abird-snare, was suspicious and said, What does he mean by this ? The farmer replied, that people always bring their wrappers to the farm
(laying
He
replied to the
We
of cloth. Why did the farmer bring cloth to the are accustomed to take our ovcrclothes to the farm.
them on the
84.
Adie,
Sdluga,
fi
eni
iwadiu
before
first
Adzhe, the Mevalor, he leaves the foremost to deal favorably with the hindmost. may sometimes be last, and the last first.
That
is,
the
85. Ad:ie,
Witch,
omo
lie
iya
trouble
child of envy
The witch, child Witches are thought to destroy people when asleep by sucking
troubles are sore
of envy my
mi ^oro my is-hard
ga
is-high
she
kpa
kills
nidli gb^giiq.
not
and hard
inherits.
86.
Ad^ekasu k5 in5
Loaf-eater
not knows
bi iyaq if famine
rrni.
jrrevails.
to eat
Akeke
Axe
etu si atari. ti qke se; igi k6 gb6nagb(ma woodman which is-cutting tree not refuses ; offers propitiation to head. The axe which cuts the tree is not afraid ; but the wood-man makes a sacrifice to his head. Some kinds of trees are supposed to be inhabited by evil spirits, which might inflict some
mbu
injury on the
in the head.
woodman unless he
ofi'ered
is
thought to reside
81.
age,
and
is
cut to
make cups;
gba
to
be,
...
Id, to
save ;
ki k
kp4
a, let
us cut
145, 2). 82. Agb9i), the chin ; agboq isale, the lower jaw. 83. Mu...wah, to bring; niu I6I1, to take;
(Gram.
gbe,
to abide,
pleonastic like do in
Englth
(Gram.
187).
68
88.
SPECIMENS OF COMPOSITION.
Abetele ni ifod^u
Bribe
it4s
ilfe
i^e idddi;o
otito.
blinds
judge
for
bribe
not can
do judgment of truth.
A
89.
a true judgment.
Bi 6
If
it
kui)
oni
kur)
ola
ki
ogbe ki
kpa
agiliti,
bdiio
r5.
remains to-day remains to-morrow that thirst that will kill iguana, rain will fall. If there remain to-day or to-morrow before the iguana will die of thirst, it will rain. Dehis creatures. signed to show the providence of God over
90.
Fi
Give
id^4
battle
fu Oloruq to God
battle to
d^^;
to-fight ;
rest
fi
owo
le
erdr).
temple.
Leave the
God, and
That
is
trust
in God's providence.
labaMba
ifi
iyiq fu Oloruq.
praise
to
butterfly gives
God.
i.
By
92. T)i\
its
God
eni
e.
agba
Open
agba
etu
raij
wdh,
;
ki id^i agba.
cask.
is sent
cask o^ powder
Open
the cask
The Yoruba
ike,
yours)
but he that
with
it
does not
remarkably
93. Ogiiq
k6 r5
ok6
Ogun
agbede k6
smithy
r6
bata;
leather ;
oko k6 ^oro
farm
not is-hard
ro,
to-till,
agbede
the
k6
not
Ogun
not works
smithy
kpa
makes hoes
does not
work
cultivate, the
That
work
leather ; if the
is,
farm
every
man to
his trade.
94. lie
kiiq
one
w^
li
Oyo
ni igba
time
of
atidi;o,
antiquity,
ti
r)kpe Akidi;e
Silence
:
oib6
white-man
House
kii
died
was in Katunga in
mb|.
there.
In old times
95.
there
called Silence
there.
O
He
sure iku,
fled
bo
ako
and hid
Ida.
He fled from
fire."
in the scabbard.
"
He
96.
A
We
ri
see
ti that
eni
m5
iwi,
fi
akpadi
potsherd
bo
ti
to-cover that of
We
one knows
how
to
potsherd.
97.
A
We
&
ki igb^
ile
babd lowo
from
;
eni.
one.
we not
We
natural to him)
we cannot
stead from a
man
(because
it is
his
by
natural right).
93. Oguj) is the god of smiths. 94. Historical and other facts are 96. Ti r|, that of him, his.
SPECIMENS OF COMPOSITION.
98. A,e
6rai)
69
abi
ikoko
secresy
6ebi
supposes
6q
he
li
it-is
d
they
mbawi,
ard
body
ifa
is-pale
bi
as
Doer of crime of
are-speak'mg-ahout, being
eni
one
^e ohuq.
who did
thing.
secret
The perpetrator of a
cowards of us
all."
crime supposes it is he they are talking about (if be sees men in who has done something (wrong). " Conscience makes
99.
watches
bush
bush
riot
tells ;
he
a bush never
tells secrets ;
the traitor.
them
Odo
ki
The
k6q
bo
edia
fish
11
odzii.
eye.
River not
is-full to-cover
in
That
is,
no scheme or purpose
is
SON.
1182.
Eyi
ogiiq
aburo
o
it
ni ln6
wov) wi fu
to
babd re
father his
Babd, fu ml
Father, give
nl
Iwoq
tori
belongs
11
ml.
me.
si
kplq
obuq
me
He and
divided thing of
ini
r^ fu
to
woq.
them.
Ki
possession his
ehlq eyi,
after
this,
eyl
this
omdkoqri
son
in
aburo
I6h
go
tl
k6
llu
ohuq gbogbo
thing
all
tl
nl
d^o,
si
mu
ona
r^
tp9^
younger-brother gathered
si
to
which he had
together, he
his straightway
6kere
nl lb|
ni 6
gbe
nd
gbogbo
all
Inl
r^ ni Inakuna.
Ni igbd
In
time
town of distance; in
there it-is he
was spending
ba
gbogbo
all
r| d^e* tdq,
it
iyaq
nlanla wdli
mii
to be
nl llu
nd
6
he
which he to-destroy
si
of
ended,
si
sharp
in town that
beresi Idi
began
alaini.
16h, 6
went, he
dd ard r^ kp5
made
self
m6
cleave-to
oloto kdq
citizen
ard
and
llu
to-be needy-one.
He and
loli si
his
join
one inhabitant
nd
tl
6i)
si
of town that
he
and
sent
raq a him
oko r^ loh
farm
his
iso
elede.
Ayh
Joy
nl
it-is
ba
fi
di;e
eat
go
to
go
to-ioatch sioine.
fi
he would with
ondie
food
awoq
they tl
ko
6
fu
to
li.
which
any-one
11^,
not give
ni,
said.
ti,
him.
Ni igbd
In
11
it-4s
odi:ii
eye
r^
his
wdli
time which
li
came to-ground, he
ondi^e ad^e
food
y6
atl
ad^e
eating
he have
eating to-be-full
and
to-leave,
emi si I and
qku
fu
ebi!
hunger/
Eml
I
am-dying for
Ba
dze, to destroy.
70
6
will
SPECIMENS OF COMPOSITION.
dide
s6,
emi 6
to
babd mi
my
161i,
arise indeed,
go,
;
emi 6 si wi fu ii kpe, Babd, emi I will and say to him to-wit, Father, I
qti
Iiave
qdese
r
si
thy
ti
ba
ma
may
kpfe
li
call to-be
omo
child
m6,
lob.
fi
mi
^e bi
do as
ti
okaq ni in6
one
in
si
awoq alagbase
they
li
r|.
thy.
6
ri
si
dide 6
arose he
to
went-to
thy more,
make ms
among
ti
hireling
He and
i,
babd r^
g,
Ni igbd
In
time
w&
8
him
6kere,
babd
6
he
si
r^
anu
ko
touch
se
affected
which he and had was in distance, father his saw him, pity
si
sure,
ran,
6
he
r5
hung upon
m6
to-cleave-to
Q.
li
oroi),
neck,
fi
enu
li
him, he and
on
and
si
made mouth
him on
enu.
mouth.
Omo
Son
si
wi fu
to
oruq
ati ni
iwad;^u
presence
and said
ti
him
Father,
J
li
have
and
si
in
r^ ;
thy
;
ba
ayo
ma kpe
may
ago
omo
child
r^
m6.
6
Babd
fi
wi fu awoq
to
call to-be
thy more,
ihem
omo-odo r^ kp6,
servant
fl
E mu
Ye
iguqwa wdh,* ki
si
to
wo
clothe
8;
him
;
6
ye
ye make
si
6ruka
ring
bo
slip-on
make
ese
foot
r^.
his.
E
ki
that
mii
take
esrboro
young-one
of
raalu
cow
Ye and d
si
abokpa
nitori
ti
wdb,
kpa
kill
S,
it,
kl
that
ma
dze,
eat,
and
ti
we mxiy
we and
si
ma
omo mi
my
r^ eyi
his
yi
this
kii,
died,
6
he
si
toq
ye.
lives.
Nwoq
They
beresi
began
driya.
merriment.
ti
had
and again
and
Omdkoqri
Son
egboq
6
ti
mbe
was
li
oko,
farm, id^o.
bi
as
6
he
si
si
qtif
mbd,
ni
in si
this elder-brother
who
in
and
was-coming, and he
soqmo
eti
ile,
gbo
6nq
oq d
O
And
kp^ okaq
one
ino
among
awoq
them
he called
omo-odo woq; 6
servant
bere
mo J knew they
r|
thy
si
qkdq woqyi
thing
these
si?
to?
(3
wi
said
fu
to
ii
He and
him
kpe,
to-wit.
Aburo
ti
r^
de
babd
father
li
kpa
has-killed
egboro
(3
si
malu
6
abokpa,
fatted-to-kill,
Younger-brother thy
is-come ;
and
ni
in
si
young-one of cow
nitori
ri
kpdda
return
alafia
peace
ati
Uera.
health.
bin6,
ko
isikpe
beseeching
li
him
in
and
He and
atiwb
entering
vl.
ile.
Nitori
nd
ni
it-is
babd
re
6e di^ade,
go-out,
6
he
si
wd
fu
to
house.
On-account of that
father his
and did
and was
O
emi I
si
ddhuq,
qsiq
6 wi fu babd r^ kpe,
to li
it-is
Kiye
rufiq
si
i
it
lati
odiiq
year
melo
how-many
ri
;
yi
this
him.
li
it-is
He and
qti
answered, he said
o,
thee,
father his
to-wit,
Take-notice to
from
belie
so
have served
r^ ni igba
time
kdq
iwo k6
break-law thy in
*
f
Mu
Bi
.
wah,
as
;
to bring.
'
'
ti,
ti
The phrase 4 mb
Se, to do,
is
having the auxiliary particle i).' (Gram. 1 28, 2.) ... si, we know .to, is equivalent to the verb to mean.
.
'
SPECIMENS OF COMPOSITION.
si
ti
"71
ifi
omo omo
child
ewur^ kdq fu mi ki 6
of goat
fi
bd
one
si
ti
to
me
that
it
make with
^e
driya.
to-make merriment.
Sugboq
But
si
ti
bi
as
r^
yi
de, eni ti
fi
ruq
destroy
ii
who he made
fu
for
ii.
kpa
killed
egboro
young-one of
malu
cow
ab6kpa
fatted-to-kill
O
ti
si
wi fu
said
ti
to
Omo
Child
and hast
titi
him.
He and
him
ni
it-is
mo
I
ti
ni
r&
ni i^e.
it-is
is.
O
It
;
ye
is-fit
continually
with me;
ti
thing
all
which
have of thee
kii,
ki
that ti
aburo
r^
yi
si
toq
y^
si
had
died, he
and again
lives; he
and
si
ri
see
i.
had
we and
him.
mb|
art
li
li
oruko
nam
re,
thy,
idioba r^ de;
reign
ife ti
rh
our who
in
honor
;
be
ni ki
be that
d
we
^e
do
li
aiye, bi ti
earth,
6ke oruq
above heaven
ti
fu
give^
wa H
ondi;e
odi6
wa
;
li
oni
dari
;
in
as
our in to-day
forgive
igbese
debt
wa
d^i
wa, bi awa
us,
qdaridi;i
are-forgiving
awoq onigbese wa
them
debtor
mdb
not
si
fd
wa
us
our from
as
we
our;
and lead
81
to
in6
within
idewo,
temptation,
^ugboq gbd
but
deliver
wa
us
ni
in
in6
within
tulasiq.
distress.
Amiq.
Amen,
DICTIONARY
OF TflE
YORUBA LANGUAGE
INTRODUCTION.
proper to inform the reader that the following Dictionary contains scarcely one half of the Yoruba Language. There are doubtless some primitive words which the compiler has not learned and several thousand derivative vocables have been omitted for the sake of brevity. This severe abridgement, however,
It
is
;
meaning of the omitted words may be ascertained by the rules of derivation the meaning of inflected nouns and verbs in Latin from the nominative and infinitive. For the convenience of the reader, supposing him to be already acquainted with the rules of derivation as laid down in the Grammar, we here present a review of the various classes of words which
is
no
quite as easily as
we can determine
have been omitted. I. Many verbs of the following kinds The 1. Verbs composed of a verb and noun as, beru, to be afraid ; from ba, to meet, and era, fear. omitted verbs of this class are formed chiefly as follows a. Of da, to make, and a noun as, dSse, to sin, from 6se, sin. b. Of die, to be, to act, to make, and a noun as, diolu (olu, a prince, officer), to be a prince, to rule as a
: ; : ; ;
prince.
c.
Of li,
to have,
and a noun
have
needy, destitute.
d.
e.
Of mo, to know, and a noun as, mete (ete, consideration), to be considerate, provident. Of ^e, to do, to make, to be, and a noun as, iaimS (aim5, ignorance), to be ignorant, untutored ; saro
;
Verbs of this class are very numerous. 2. A considerable number of verbs which appear to be formed by placing two verbs in juxtaposition sare (sa, to run, and re, to go), to run ; but in as, bllu (bi, to push, and lii, to strike), to beat upon, as waves a striking, vch, a going. fact, the second member of these verbs is a contracted noun, for ilu, Bearing this in mind, the omitted verbs of this class are easily defined by referring to the roots. A little 3. A considerable number of verbs composed of three or four words as, fesetfe, to trample on.
to meditate. (aro, meditation),
; ;
;
practice will enable the reader to analyse these verbs, or, as the natives express and thus discover their meaning. Usually an elision occurs in the first syllable
it,
;
" to take
posed of
4.
fi,
to
teriba, to bow,
make, ese, the foot, ih, to jyress. But sometimes the from te, to bend, ori, tJie head, ba, to meet.
transitive verbs
;
first
elided
as,
Many compound
as,
fi
hai), fo
it is
show
da
lebi
(li
ebi),
to
condemn.
treated as
All the foregoing verbs are in fact phrases, and vocables in a dictionary compiled by a native.
them would be
IL The number
1.
of nouns omitted from the Dictionary is very large : Several classes of nouns formed from verbs primitive and derivative. ' ' a and ' i.' a. Nouns formed by the prefixes
b.
c.
first syllable of the verb. d. For the meaning of nonns formed by these prefixes see " Derivation of Nouns" in the or refer to each prefix in the Dictionary. Grammar, 2. Nouns formed from nearly all nouns by the prefixes, al, all, el, el, ol, ol, alai, olu, oni. (See Derivation
'
of
3.
prefixing
surpass
; kp6, together ; tin), completed ; as, of propriety ; asekpS, an acting together, co-operation ; asetai), a completed action, completion. Sometimes other suffixes aro employed ; as, la, to be safe, e. g. asalil, a running to be safe, esrajye, from sd, to run.
as above, with the addition of a suffix, chiefly d^u, to asedzu, excess, lit. an action surpassing or exceeding the bounds
a,'
'
4
and U, to or middle
III.
INTRODUCTION.
Such nouns arc easily analyzed, by ascertaining the meaning and then of the prefix and of the suffix. Adverbs, or adverbial phrases, composed of a nonn and the preposition ni or
he safe.
syllable,
ola),
first
li,
in,
to-morrow
obvious so soon as
we
okere), in the distance, far ' ' ' ascertain that of the noun to which 1 or ' n
;
lokere
(li
off.
is
The meaning
is
prefixed.
requested to observe that the accent of Yoruba words in the Dictionary is marked in those cases where it cannot readily be determined from the rules laid down in the Grammar, only
The student
is
25-27.
PART
I.
YORUBA-ENGLISII
ABA
a, a prefix, the primary use of which is to form concrete nouns from verbs. But the meaning of nouns
a-ba, n. a thinking of, expecting, expectation, hope aba ki li o i)da ? (^fiope what is-it thou art-making?
thus formed
is
various
be
1.
classified as
denoting
;
stocks, consisting of
a large
The
actor or agent
to
as, asoro,
a speaker, from
lit.
soro,
speak
adia, a dog,
from dik,
2.
to fight.
The
patient or recipient of an action; as, aba, that which is met, from ba, to meet : e. g.
is
a-bft, (ba), .
eni aba, a
mat
of
met.
3.-ba, n.
a stack of corn,
The
to
action itself;
come :
e. g.
ayuq ab5 mi
di
emefa
to six
loni,
my
to-
See abudza.
ft'-ba-da, fS.'-ba-da, adv.
times
for
ever,
negative
as,
emi 6 ie e
mo
fabada,
will never
implied in an intransitive
to
do
it
again.
(bade), n.
that which fits or is fitted ; sui-
verb
fit ;
as,
a-ba-de
aye,
of being
alive,
from yh,
to live.
6.
a-bfi.-d6 (do), n.
it ;
a camping
together,
a fellow
en-
pron.
he, she,
and, by contraction of
It is
much used
;
in
li)
awa and
n.
as,
m,
fi,
i.
e.
I was struck.
to shall or will ;
(dza), n. (die), n.
an eating
together.
is spoiled ;
(badze), n.
which spoils or
k 16h, ye
reill
go.
!
kind of yam.
(edzo), n.
aa
n.
interj.
oh
ah
alas !
a meeting with
a meeting,
li
<S:c.
trouble or dif-
ab,
a contraction of
;
abi, that
eti), fila
which
is
or has any
ears,
ficulty.
As an
(ba),
:
thing
as,
abeti (abi
:
that
abcti,
which has
a-ba-dztl
tremely
greatly,
ex-
which
flaps.
is
eared
e.
g.
6 ba mi
abadzu,
it
fell
upon me with
ab, a-ba, a prefix formed of a and ba, to meet, and a-b4-dzu (ba), n. an excessive plaiting, <'c. a-ba-fe, n. a medicinal tree. occasionally of a and ba, with, implying a law-breaker ; law1. Meeting with, or encountering; as, abadi9 a-ba'-fir)-dze (ba ofiij die), n.
:
breaking.
a-ba-fo
together ;
as,
;
(fo),
n.
a speaking
n.
together.
2.
With or
abase
(^e,
to
do), co-
a-bS.-g6-ke (goke),
together.
a going up or ascending
operation,
together.
assistance
abasili],
sleeping
a-ba'-kpa-de (kpade),
coincidence,
v.
a chance
event, accident,
a-ba.
ABA
a-ba-lS, n.
6
a-be-hir) (abi
pertaining
to
ABO
ehiij), n.
See balB.
n.
a-ba-in5
(imi)),
the back:
abiam6
e.
hapiyened, chagrin.
mother
ivith
a kicker
(i.
a-ba-mo-le
(111919),
her back.
way
rohhery.
(eni), n.
a-bfe-i-ya-nu, n.
importunity.
ivhich has boughs or branches.
a-bfi-ni-bS-be
a-be-ka
(abi),
n.
cate, intercessor.
a-be-lS, n.
eni), n.
a-bfi-ni-dze (ba
guest.
a-be-lS, n.
flat
substance.
:
a-ba-ni-dze (ba
corrupter.
die), n.
an
injurer, slanderer,
a-be-na-gbo-ro
iboi)
a-bS.-iii-dz6, n.
a fellow-dancer,
(ile),
jmt-tner.
loose trow-
a-bfi-ni-gbe-le
n.
an inmate.
a-bS,-ni-k^
the
like.
n,
n.
tohich is
under
name
a-bft-ni-ko, n.
thering.
a-bfi.-ni-r, n,
an
assistant
in collecting
or ga-
a-bfe-re, n.
See b|re.
a needle, a pin.
a-be-re,
n.
tomer
who
also,
cus-
a-be-ri, n.
See
beri.
a-b6-r6
tilling the
(oro), n.
a trowel, a shovel
to
trim
mud
a-bfi-ni-iir), .
walls with.
a-bfi.-ni-r6-le (ro
n.
an assistant in
a-be-ru,
n.
See beni,
n.
ground.
a-b&-ni-ru, n.
a-bfi-ni-siln, n.
n.
a-be-te-le,
a begging
beforehand
bribe,
an
bribery, briber.
a bed-fellow.
a-be-tu
(abi etu), n.
n.
a brook.
visitation, visitor.
the armpit.
bi.
of,
a fellow-trader, jmrtner.
a slap
:
See bi and
a-ba-ra (aba
(lie
ara), n.
slapped
me
having.
an
existence,
slap.
e.
circumstances.
a-ba-ra
abara
agiliti
a-bl
(bi, if),
adv.
perhaps
eh ? iwo
mh
abi
you
rough-skinned lizard.
know, eh
a-bi-ga, n.
? n.
a-ba-sCir), n.
a-bl-a-m6,
a-bi-ke-hir)
a-ba-se,
n.
a-ba-ta
(ita), n.
fi.'-ba-ta, n.
a-bi-ku,
dren.
an
See
evil spirit,
supposed to
kill
chil-
9.'-ba-ti (ba
62, 3.)
a'-bi-ia, n.
(ba), n.
bila.
a-bd-'Wl
a-bi-l
n. (ile),
one homeborn.
n.
a-bfi.-'w6r), .
a sprinkling, a
n.
woman
living in her
n.
a native.
a-be-se,
yi
!
n.
a contemptible person
for
iwo
a-bl-mo (omo), n. a parent of children. abese a-bin6, n. one wlw is angry, <&c. See bin6.
a-bi-n6-dze,
a-bl-n9-k(i,
a-bi-r9r) (abi
n.
you good
nothing
addressed to infe-
riors.
n.
a-bfe-tl (abi
eti), n.
fila
abeti,
a cap
10 ith
a-be-Awe
(abi ewe), n.
which has
leaves.
a-bi-r5r) (ba iroij) n. a sick person, an invalid. a-bi-si (bisi), n. i7icrease, propagation by birth.
a-be, a-b^, &c. See be and be. a-be, n. the underneath : 6 wa li abe okuta, in underneath the rock.
Jie
a-b
(be, to cut), n.
n.
n.
a-bl-ye (abi iy^), M. which has feathers. (Gen. 1,21.) was a-bi-ya (iya), n. the armpit. a-b6, a-bd, n. See bo and bo. a-bd, n. a female, applied to children and to animals
tlie
:
a-be-be,
a-b6-be,
a fan.
abo
esiq,
a mare
abo
malii, a
cow
also,
half cock of
a gun.
fi-bo, n.
a bag, a bundle.
ABO
^-bo,
n.
ADE
a-da-b9,
the
.
a-bo-de
veil.
(ba), n.
day
after market-day.
self-assumed responsibility.
superintend-
a-da-dz9,
a-da-gur),
a burglar, burglary. a-bo'-nii-'w6r), n. a sprinkling, a sjmnkler. a-bd-ra (ara), n. a garment, a mantle. See bora.
n,
a-da'-gUl)-lS a-kpo, n.
battle-ground, from
a large quiver
set
on the
to tlie
men.
a-d&-k9.-d-ke (ikaeke),
a
tattler,
a-b6-ri, n.
Sec
n.
bori.
a mischievous
a-bo-ru
(abi),
which
is hot.
'
pierson.
a-bo-yHr)
(abi), n.
which
is
pregnant.
^ikcdii, two
a-da-ko
and a a-da-kp5,
n.
union, confederacy.
a-da-la-re, n. justification, a justifier, a meeting of the new year, a a-dS.-lu, n. mixture, n. a-b6-dtli), (ba), living to see it come, the anniversary of the new a-da'-mah'-ld-se, n. one ivho makes a failure. year. a-da-md, n. a mistaken opinion, heresy.
abo
siketa, three
and a
half.
a-da'-m5-rar), n. advice, a proposal ; an adviser. a-b9-gi-bo-kpe (igi 9kpe), n. an idolator. a-bo-kpa, . which is fatted to Mil. (Luke 15, 23.) a-d^-mu, n. confusion of mind. a-b6-ri-sa (orisa), n. an idolator. a-da-na, n. Sec dana. die ose), n. a sabbath-breaker, a-da'-ni-dfi., n. which is natural or according to a-b6-se-dze (ba
. . .
a-bo-se
(ise), n.
a job, job-work.
nature.
a-da-ni-du-ro,
a-da'-ni-dzi,
one.
n.
a detainer.
that
n,
which
awakes or arouses
a'-bu-dza,
road or
'
n.
a cutting
one
n.
a-da'-nl-lfi.-ga,
one
who is who
cruel.
is
wearisome, impor-
a'-bu-ka,
n.
n.
a-bu-ke,
a hunchback.
a-da-ni-la-ra, n.
blessing.
;
mortifier, disappointer.
a-bu-k9r),
n.
an adding, a
Sec bukoq.
a-da-ni-la'-ra-ya,
n.
one
who
enlivens or cheers
a'-bu-ktlr), n.
remainder, deficiency
p>rohibitor.
a-da-ni-lo-dzu,
to
n.
one
who
disapiwints.
a-bu-l,
n.
the true
a-da-ni-lo-ro,
alarmist.
a-dfi.-n6, n.
n.
a tormentor.
.
statement.
a-da-ni-ni-dzi,
one
who
alarms
people,
an
a-bu-in6,
a-bu-ra,
a-bu-rai),
n.
an
addition, exaggeration.
n. n.
who
swears.
is
See bura.
which
is
thrown away or
is
lost.
which
a-dar), n.
a-dfir), n.
which polishes,
polished, dx.
See
dai).
a-bu-ro
tive
(abi iro), n.
which stands
bat.
a-bil-ro, n.
brother, or aiiy
younger
rela-
a-da-re, n.
a justifier, justification.
one loho forgives.
tlie
a-da-ri-dzi-ni, n.
a-da'-ri-kp9r), n.
a-bu-ru,
Sec buru.
red-headed lizard.
a-bfi-ru-bu-tfi.1), n.
a whale. See
busi.
a-bu-si, n.
a-bu-S9,
a-da,
n.
n.
con-
a pruning
knife.
fusion. a-da-S&r), n.
a hereditary
debt.
;
a-da-sl, n. which is spared, reserved, a gleaning a-da, a-da. See dA and dk. an intermeddler, intermeddling. a-d&. prefix implying making, constituting, apa-da-sd, n. a fiction, a fictitious report, a lie.
pointing.
instalments of a debt.
a contribution of money. pigeon. a-dfi.-W9-l, n. who assumes responsibility. a-da-bi, n. which resembles, likeness. a-da'-bo-bd-ni (da abo eni), n, a defender, an a-de, n. a covering, a crown : dc li adc, to crown fi ade de, to set a crown on. ally.
a-da-wo,
n.
ADE
a-de,
M.
8
a-do-rur), num.
AD^
ninety,
a charm
to
killed in war.
a-do-sag, num,
cbi), n.
one hundred
and
seventy.
a-de-bi-kpa-ni (da
A-de-g'b6,
?.
which starves
one,
a-do'-so-sap, num.
mie hundred
and
seventy each.
who a-do-ta, num. fifty. comes to hear. a-do'-to-ta, num. fifty each, covenant ; contracted; n. a-du, H. a few: sAm hrAsi, a few people, a-de-hCir), bargain, a liar. n. a-dti, n, a very black person, a-de-ke, n. a newly married woman, a a'-du-gb6, n, an old acquaintance, a neighbor, a-de'-le-lj^ (lie), bride. a-du'-gbo-lil. a stumbling block,
The name
of a man, meaning
a water-gourd.
lies
a-du-kpe,
;
n,
thanks, thankfulness:
adukpe lodo
in
ambush
an impe-
a-du-ra,
condemnation,
etc), n.
n,
a-de-bi,
n.
a-dza,
a-dza.
n.
a-de-te (da
a-di, n. a-dl, n.
leper.
d.-dza, n,
prayer to God only. a dog ; a fairy skilled in medicine, an attic, a loft, a ceiling overhead.
it is
a-de-ti-si-le, n.
a contraction.
a binding,
oil
tangling,
<kc.
See
di.
a-dza-ba,
unhappiness,
a-dz9.-b5, n.
a-dl, conj.
a-di-d5g,
flour of parched com, anything savory. a-di-dzd. (di idza), n. coming to blows or to a fight.
n.
adzadi
a-dza-dze,
n.
low,
mean fellow.
is
a-di-dzi, n.
a scarecrow, a fright,
deceiver,
4-dza-ga,
n,
neck-shackle,
n,
yoke,
a colander,
a-dza-ga-dzi-gi,
n,
child's game of casting lots, solid, a-di-ini-ni6 (da mimo), n, a sanctifier, sancti- a-dza-gboi),
ficaticm,
the tamarind-tree.
soldier,
a-dza-gun,
n.
n,
title
of respect
much
like
he
in,
state
of being
" esquire."
n. n.
secret covenant,
a-dza-i-lS, n, or pit,
mouth of a grave
a-di-mu,
who holds
name.
is
fast,
also as a proper
a-dir)-gbe, n, meat.
a'-dl-re, n.
which
an epidemic, pestilence. a-dza'-ka-su (die aka^u), n. one who eats the large jerked loaf, i. e. who has plenty, a-dza-ko (oko), n, a kind of wild dog, a-dza-kpa, n, a petty trader, a nickname given to
used a-dza-ka, a-dza-ka-le, n,
the tortoise,
a-di-ro, n,
a-di-si (da
n.
an
inventor,
(Rom.
1,
30.)
a-dzi-ia.
See adzkhb.
a-do,
n.
vial.
a-dza'-na-kpa, n. a bird-snare made of cloth. a-dza'-na-ku, n. the elephant. a-dzai), w. meat cut small to retail.
a-dza-o,
n.
thirty (cowsell
it ?
fi.-dza-6-SU, n.
c. the
evening star.
how dost thou one hundred and thirty each. adododze, a-do-dze, num. one hundred and thirty.
each
.
clo o ta
See aguala. a-dza-ra, n. a climbing plant the leaves of which impart a black a-dz,
n. stain.
n.
which causes
tear.
the
n,
a-do-dz9, num.
Sec adododze.
one hundred
and
sixty.
a-dze-dze,
ilu,
a-d6-dzo-dzo, num,
a-do-do-fa, num,
a-d9-fa, num.
a-d5i), n. fiavor,
to be es-
each.
tranged from, (Ps. 78, 30.) a-dze-re, n, an earthen pot pierced full of holes dry meat in.
to
a-dze,
a-dz,
n. n.
a paddle, an a
witch.
n.
n.
oar.
a-dp-rip, num.
a-do'-ro-rir),
seventy.
num.
seventy each.
a-dze-kdr),
a-do'-ro-ruij, num.
ninety each.
a-dze-kpd,
the cud,
ADZ
a-dze-le,
n.
AGA
a-fe-ni6-dzu-in6, n. the dawn, daybreak. a-fe-n5, n. which is winnoioed atoay.
uneaten.
an
a-dze-ni-a
a-dze-ti, n.
(enia), n.
a cannibal.
eating
and
leaving
a part
a-fe-nu-si
a^fe-re,
w.
(fi
enu), n.
a meddler.
cork-wood.
:
lightness ;
search,
a-dze-y6,
n.
a-fi|-ri, n.
a seeker
ie aferi, to seek.
betrothed.
a-dzl-lib-'wa-'bfi., n.
a-dzi-dzlr),
?i.
a-fe-s6-na
a-fe-tS.r), n.
n. (si ona),
who is
perfect love.
unless, except.
a-fl-bi-kpd-re
a-fi-dzi, n.
a-fi-hS.r), n.
(fi
kp6), n.
an
tingrateful person.
a-dzi-na,
a-dzir), n.
n.
n.
expenditure, expenses.
a-dzl-nde,
a rising
tip,
the resurrection.
profound
a-fi-16
(fi ile),
abandonment, renunciation.
n.
a-dzlr)-sir(-sir), n.
concealed.
an engraver, engraving. (fiq ona) a-fi'-n6-sa'-dze-re (fi in6 se adzere), n. one with a
a-fi-na
treacherous memory, an unreliable person, unteachable.
a-dzi-re
d.-dzo, n.
(lit.
See a-fi-no-se-hir) (ehiij), a-fi-no-so-de (ode). a-dzo, n. anxiety : se adzo, to be anxious. the preceding word. a-dz6-gur) (dze ogu^), n. an heir. a-dzo-kpa-rur), n. lohich bums fiercely, devour- a-fir), n. a palace ; an engraver, engraving ; an
ing
fire.
albino.
(o, not), n.
a-dz6-6-kil
which
is
unquenchable.
else
a-fir)-dzu (odiu),
son.
n.
neatness, tidiness ;
a tidy per-
a-dz6-r3.r), n.
on
fire.
a-dzo-vru, n. one who is jealous ; jealousy. a-dzo, n. an assembly, crowd : adz9 odu^, a
festival.
a-fir)-gba (igba), n. an engraver of calabashes. a-fi-re-se (ire), n. wilfulness in doing an evil action.
feast, a-fi-sor), .
one
who
n.
is accused.
a-fi-yag-dzu-se,
7i.
acting by constraint ;
reluc-
a-dzo-dze-kp5, a-dzo-mo-kpd,
for a feast. a-dz6-kpir),
a-dzo-rir), n.
(1 Pet. 4, 3.)
n.
an assembly
to
tance.
a-fl-ye-sl
:
(iye), n.
attention, noiableness.
(Acts
2,
seadzSkpiq,
20.)
partake, share.
:
a-fo, n.
a space, room
(fi),
openness,
an opening.
egbe
adzoriij,
a-fo-dzu-di
n.
insolence.
travelling companion.
n.
a-fi6-dzu-s6-na,
council.
a-dz6-r6,
a-dzo-SO,
a consultation,
a talking
a-fo'-fo-ro, n.
n,
together.
a-fo-in6, n.
a parasite,
a-dzo-y6, n. a rejoicing together. a-fo'-ni-f6-dzi, . a valley. a-fo-re-se-bi (fi ore se ibi), n. an ungrateful person. a-dzu-ba, n. a newly cleared field. a-dzu-de (ode), n. an armlet of iron worn by hun- a-fo-ta, n. purblindness : 6 ie afota, he is purblind.
ters.
a.-fg, n.
n.
hogs^ mire.
a-dzu-mo,
a-fa. a-fa.
an acting or being
together,
panionship.
See See
fa.
bottle.
ik.
a-fd-ko-ko
aim9), adv.
(ikoko), .
(fi
a poi-ioasher. a guide.
a-fai-mo
(fi perhaps, liossibly, doubtfully : bi yi 6 de lola afaimo, if he will come tomorrow is uncertain.
a-fo-na-h3.r)
6na), n.
a-fori-fe-re, n.
a fiutc-player, pnper.
unruliness, disobedience.
oraij), n.
a-f6-6-gb6
a-f6-rar)-lo
n. (6, not),
(fi
a-fi-ra, n.
a bridge ; two
:
sticks
rubbed together
to
one
who
investigates
case
produce fire
fi.-fa-ra, n.
or dis2)ute, a reconciler.
slowness, dilatoriness.
a-fo-"w6-b6
(fi
owo), n.
secret.
mo
fe
li
afe tai),
a-fo-"w6-ra,
n.
pilfering.
a-f9-'w6-ta, .
a-fe-dzu,
a-fe-fe, n.
n.
a frowner, a frowning.
spirit.
a-fu-ra
a-ga,
n.
(fu ara) n.
wind, air,
(fi
which
is
a-fe-hir)-ti 2
ehig), n.
a prop, support.
AGA
a-g..
10
n.
n. n. n.
AGB
strength, violence.
a-ga-lja-ge-be a hypocrite.
a'-ga-da,
n.
See agara, of which it is a contraction. a-gba-ra, a double-dealer, a-gbfi-ra, (gnij aba gn^ cbe),
a-gb&-ra,
:
a short sword
agada k5
m5
ori ala-
a-gba-ri,
the skull.
(who made
a-ga-kpo-si,
it).
a'-ga-da'-go-do,
n.
n.
lock, especially
a padlock.
accumulation.
bier.
a-gba-ee,
n.
fu
mi
li
agbase, hire
a-ga-ndzu, a-ga-ndzu.
a-g4i),
n.
n.
a palace.
is
See agindiu.
which sews or
a-gba-to-dzu,
other,
one
who
See
gaij.
trustee.
a-gdX), n.
which despises or is despised, a despising, a-gba-"w5, n. which is hired or rented, as a house. contempt ; a barren woman : yh agai), to be barren. a-gbe, n. a resident, inhabitant; forgetfalness ; a-gai)-gar), n. a flat stone on which glass beads are begging for alms.
a-g&r)-gS.r), n.
3.-gbe, n.
a large gourd-bottle.
.
a-gbe-b6,
mi,
a hen.
one skilled in language, a
the middle, midst.
n.
lin-
a-ga-ra n. weary of
a-g&-ra, n.
agara &iye
ma
dii
/ am a-gbe-de
guist.
(gb6), n.
a-gba,
a-gba,
n. n.
a an
cask.
help.
elder,
a long-necked gourd.
;
11
fi.-gba, n.
an
adult,
man : igba
agba,
man
by man.
(iboi)), n.
agbe-
a-gba-bor)
a-gba.-bo,
a cannon.
in the translation of
a-gbe-gbe, a-gbe-nde,
a-gbe-ni,
n.
n. n.
n.
afoster-child.
a loose garment
maize.
;
a-gbe-lS-bu,
n.
a-gba-da,
n.
who
n.
a-gbe '-ra-ga,
a-gbe-re,
a-gbe,
the
n.
who
a-gba-du,
n. n. n. n.
a viper.
fornication.
a girdle. an assembly of
a plantain
:
whole people.
eiyele,
awhetter; a farmer; a kind of sword. a-gbe-de (agbe ide), n. a smith's shop, smith work,
m.
lit.
agbagba
spot-
a-gbe-dze, n. a kind of squash. a-gba-gur), n. that which causes the assembling of a-gbe-ku-ta (okuta), n. a stone-cutter, a lapidary. soldiers ; an army. lie makes beads and other ornaments of agate, a-gbai-ye, n. the whole world : odzu agbaiye, the jasper, and cornelian. face of the earth. a-gbe-mfi-ye, n. a barren hen.
a-gba-ko,
time
a coming in contact, a precise point of a-gblr)-yi-kfi-gba. (ogba), n. a hedge. n. a moment : li agbako na, at that moment. ; a-gbo, n. a flock, a ring of dancers, a stack of corn : . a frame in which a load is placed to omo agbo, a babe ; agbo ile, the inner court of a a-gba-ku, be carried on the head. house.
a'-gba-la, n.
a-gba-la-dza,
a-gba-le,
n.
n.
ji.
a-gbo,
a-gb6,
n. n.
a ram.
which
is old,
a-gba-lfi.-gba, .
be old ;
cat-flsh ;
to
a-gba-lu,
to
a-gba-mi,
a-gb^-ni,
n.
helper.
the unicorn : agbaqr^re olowo tax-collector. kan, the agbaijrere is one-horned. a-gboi), n. the cocoanut-tree, a cocoanut. a-gba-9-dzo, n. one who is old in days, an aged il-gbor), n. the chin : ^gboi) isale, the lower jaw.
a-gba-r)r6-re, n.
person.
a-gb5r|,
n.
basket,
hamper.
AGB
a wasp. a-gbor)-rir), n. a kind of antelope.
a-gb6r), .
11
ai-ba-dze,
n.
AIL
which
is
corruptible.
a-gb9-ti (gba
oti),
n.
butler.
ai-bfi.-wf, n.
a-gbo-ya,
deaf.
n.
hearing quickly:
n.
be
ai-b6, M.
ai-dfi, n.
defencelessness.
unceasingness, uncreatedness.
n.
a-ge-re,
n.
n.
on which
Ifa is set.
ai-da-a-ra,
ai-de-ra,
n.
bad health.
unnegligence, strict application.
a-ge-ni6,
a-gl-di,
n.
a-gi-dl, n.
a-gi-ll-ti, n.
; of a gun. stubborn ; an obstinately wicked person. balls of cold eko wrapped in leaves.
a chameleon
the cock
a-gi-ndzu,
a-gl-sa, .
o'clock is
n.
desert.
ai-dze-bi, n.
ai-dzi-yai),
lohat
;
innocence,
n.
uncondemned.
is
a rag.
bell,
indis-
a-go, a-go-go, n.
it
a clock
ago melo
putable.
n.
ago mediSi
struck
ni, it is
ttoo.
two o'clock
ago ai-fe,
medzi
a-gO, n.
n.
/
ai-fe-ni, n.
a-g6,
for pills.
ai-fo-ya, n.
ai-fi6, n.
a-g6
way
n.
uncleanness, unwashed.
my
road
ago
esiq, get
of
the
horse !
a-g6-gO,
n.
sluggishness, stubbornness.
a sharp point.
al-gb6, ai-gb6,
n. n.
unripeness, immaturity.
disobedience.
a striped
rat.
a-g6,
n.
a-g6, a-g5-ni, n. one who neglects family discipline. See the next word. a-goi), 71. a grudge, hatred, strife. (Roin. 1, 29.) ai-k6r), n. which is unfilled. al-k6r)-si-n6 (si in6), i\ being unsatisfied, a mura-gor)-go, n. one armed with a club.
3,-gu-a-la, n.
the planet
lack of wisdom, folly, &L<i. See gboij. ai-gb6-rar), n. See aigbo. at-k^ n. which is uncounted, left out, excepted : gbogbo W91) li aika eyi, all of them except this.
ai-gboi), M.
muring.
dog.
ai-kpa,
n.
n.
which
is
A'-gU-da,
n. n.
who
is
a'-gu-foi) (gur)
ai-kp6,
ai-ku,
undurableness.
a-gu-na,
n.
an embroiderer.
(guij die), n.
?),
ai-kpir), n.
table-fork.
n.
which
is
undivided, undistributed.
a-gu-ndze
a-ha,
n.
immoi'tality,
unquenchableness
aiku,
n.
a sheep.
a drinking-gourd.
a boaster ; boasting.
n.
n.
a-ha-le,
usually pronounced aku! or oku! is a very common salutation, whence the Yorubas are called in Sierra Leone " the Aku people."
a-ha-mS,
is
a-ha'-mo-ra,
ai-la'-ba-vrgr), n.
which which
is
is
unstained, unblemished.
n.
is faultless,
uncensurable.
which
unadulterated.
a-ha-na,
reckless,
wicked man.
al-le-ra
ai-le-ri
(le ara), n.
(li eri),
infirmity, weakness.
a-har)-hai), n.
a-ha'-ri-ya,
n.
ai-le-'WU
ai-le-bi
:
(li
a-he-re
(ere), n.
a farm-house, a barn.
se ali6
si,
ebi), n.
which
is guiltless.
is spiritless,
ai-le-mi
ai-le-nu
emi), n.
enu), n.
which
dead.
a'-ho-ro,
n.
desolation, ruins.
tight pantalocms.
ai-le-ri, (H eri), n.
a-ho-to,
a-h.6r), n.
the tongue,
an esculent nut.
not, un-, in-.
is
which
ai-19-niO (om9), n.
who
is childless
wa
li
ai-
See ba.
AIM
ai-m&h, a double
negative
;
12
AKE
as, enii
or
employed pleonastically ai-ta-ra, n. equality : eiii) sure li aitara nwor) yo, the horses ran equally and came out 6 le ise aimah I6I1, together. able to do not go. Ail6h ai-t6, n. insufficiency : se aito, to be not enough.
instead of
ingratitude,
ai-mO-re {mh
grateful.
aim4h who
16h.
is
un-
(Mat. 25, 9.) ai-t6, n. crookedness, absurdity. ai-"wfi.-ka-ra (wu), ?. unleavened bread.
ai-"w6,ra.
ai-mo-ye
ai-md,
al-mo,
n.
(moye), n.
ignorance,
ignorance, which is
who is unknown
ignorant.
which
is
or unusual.
n.
awu
cou-
cleanness, pollution.
ai-ni, n.
need, destitution.
is causeless,
ai-ya,
:
n.
bosom
ai-ni-dl
which
lii
unreasonable
rage, influence.
ai-ya-kpa,
ai-ya-ia,
afraid,
lit.
to
with fear
aiya fo mi,
/ am
the
ai-ni-kpai-ya,
n.
fearlessness.
:
heart jumps
li
me
da aiya
fo, to frighten
alni-
18)
my
ai-ya-kpa,
:
n.
which
is
undesigned, unintended
schism.
al-ya-to,
al-ye,
n.
n.
ai-ni-kpe-kur),
foundation.
which
which
is endless, everlasting. is
the
world
ai-nl-kpi-le-se, n.
unfounded or has no
ai-ni-ni-ye, .
tvhich is numberless.
life, duration of life, as distin-guishcd from aye, life. ai-y, n. which is not understood, unintelligibleness ;
circumstances in
ai-nl-ye-n6,
ai-nl-yii), n.
n.
unceasingness.
which
n.
unpraised, unhonored.
af-yS, n.
which has no mercy or compassion : ai-ye-rai-ye, al-ye-ti-ti-lai, ai-nI-yo-n6, 6 16 woij li ainiyono, he drove them unmercifully. lasting ; eter7iity.
which
is
ever-
ai-ri-kpa-da,
n.
who
is
unredeemed.
ai-ye, n.
See aigbo.
(yi ese), n.
ai-ye-se
a-kfi, n.
firmness, steadfastness.
a
n.
crib.
dimness of
sight.
a-ka-be,
ai-rl-'wl, n.
who
is
a-ka-d3.Q,
n.
a felon on the
the large vulture.
n.
finger.
4-ka-ka,
n.
ai-rd, n.
8.-ka-la, n.
al-ro-dzfl
a sack.
of surrounding.
epaulet.
is
occupation.
the act
;
ai-r9-"wo
ai-s&r), n.
ai-sl, n.
(ri 9VV0), n.
sickness
absence.
Same
a-k9l),
n.
a crab
an
a-kar)-se, n,
s^xciality.
a rarity ; which
(Acts 19, 11.)
bread.
71.
made
to
order ; a
al-si-mi, n.
ai-sir), n.
ai-sfi, n.
unrest, perseverance.
fi.-ka-ra, n.
independence.
a-kfi-SO
S-WU,
n.
a sack
coat, loose
garment.
tree.
which
is
uncut, unreaped.
a-ka-s6,
a-ka-ta,
stairs, ladder,
fork of a
cat.
ai-sa-na
ai-se, n.
3.-ka-su, n.
n.
ai-se-de-d6,
transgression.
equity, impartiality.
fi.-ka-ta, n.
ai-se-gbe,
ai-se, n.
ai-sd, n.
n.
a-ka-tar)-kpo,
a-kfi.-ta-ri, n.
cross-boio.
ai-se-me-le,
n.
diligence ; industry.
the zenith.
tohich is unfulfilled.
a-ka-"we,
(Ps. 59, 4.)
n.
aka-
which
is innocent, faultless.
we
ai-se-tar)
(etaij), n.
undeceitfulness, sincerity.
a-kft-TVe, n.
a reading, a
lesson.
ai-si-me-le.
See aisemele.
n.
ai-si-ye-me-dzi,
ai-SO-do-do,
n.
undoubtedness, certainty.
a-ka-yil) (ka chiij), n. a toothless person. a-ke, n. an axe : tike gboro, an adze,
injustice, unrighteousness
of action.
a-ke-de
a-ke-gi
(ode), n.
n.
ai-so-dzfl-sa-dzti, n.
impartiality.
injustice,
a-ke-dza-5-na,
(igi),
n.
wrong.
n.
AKE
a-ke-guQ
a-ke-ke, a-ke-ke.
(oko), n. an old worn-out hoe. See ake. n.
13
a-kd-sa,
a-k6-S0,
(Gen.
n.
AKP
a bird of prey.
control, restraint
:
n.
1,
See akerekere.
n.
16.)
a-ke-kur),
a-ke-16,
n.
stubble.
a-ko-so,
the chest.
n.
a smelling-bottle.
a-ke-re,
a completion of collecting : li ak6tai), of a very small person. finally. (1 Pet. 3, 8.) a-k-re-k6-re, n. a scorpion ; the trigger of a gun. a-ko-to, n. a calabash. a-ke-re-ko-ro, n. a nickname given to spiteful little a-ko, n. the male of beasts. See abo. Also, full cocked (gun) harshness, roughness : okuta ak9, a people.
drops;/
a-k6-tfi.r), n.
n.
;
a-ke-ri
hater.
hard
a-ko,
stone.
a-ke-ru,
a-ke-si,
a a
bob-tail.
call,
n.
a stork ; a scabbard.
n.
caller, visitor.
a-k6-bi,
first-born.
a-ke-te,
a-ke-ti,
bed,
a-ko-dztl, n.
a-k6-gba,
a-ko-kar),
n.
the first, the foremost. n. a-ko-l, n. a superscription (Luke 23, 38) address on a letter. a-ke-hir)-d3.-si (ehiij), n. a turning the bach upon, one who forsakes (Mat. 26, 33) ^e akehiijdasi, to a-k6-le, n. a builder. a-ko-mu, n. that which is first taken. forsake.
a-ke,
n.
a large she-goat.
the gout.
a-ke-dur),
a-ke-sar), n.
a palace.
the red-flowered cotton.
a-ko-ni
(eni), w.
(eni), n.
a-ke-se,
a-k&-te,
n. n.
a-k6-ni
a-koi), a-kur), n.
a-ke-tgr), n.
a bough.
does not reply, silence.
'
a-k9 9-dz6,
is held.
n.
every fifth
a-ki-i-dze
(i,
who
fi-ki-loh, n.
a salutation on parting, good-bye. a-kor)-rir), n. a singer. a-ki-ni6-le (ile), n. that which is pressed down. a-k5r)-si-n6 (ino), n. a grumbling, a grumbler. a-k5r)-'wo-si-le (il|), n. which is full to overfiowing. (Luke" 6, 38.)
a'-ki-ra, n.
a-ki-ri, n.
a-ki-sa,
n.
a-k6-r6,
n.
a-ko-ror), .
closet,
private room,
chance, luck.
a-ki-tar).
a-ki-ti, n.
See atag.
n.
oib6 akiti agba the white man a-k6-se, n. first made, beginning. is an old baboon ! (cried in the streets of Abbeokuta a-k6-tfi.r), n. one who is perfectly taught, well inthe children when tliey see a white man.) by formed.
a baboon
a-kl-ye-si, n.
notable.
n.
attention
to,
an
overseer, that
which
is
a-ko-bi-a,
barrenness
ode), n.
ya
akobia, to be barren.
to
a-k6-"wah, n. the first coming, first comer. a-ko-vre (iwe), n. a writer, a scribe. a-kpa, n. an arm, wing, side, hough : li akpa
on one
side, aside.
kaij,
a-ko-de (aku
streets.
a salutation
one in the
a-kpa,
n.
n.
a thorny
tree.
a-ko-dza,
pletion.
a bringing
n.
a prodigal, a spendthrift ; a drum a pack rope : akpa asara, a roll of tobacco. a piling up, accumulation, a lump a-kpa-da, n. a return, renovation.
to
an
d.-kpa, n.
cord,
14, 16)
n. n.
n. n.
se akodio, to gather in
a crop.
a-kpa-da-htl,
a-kpa-di,
a-kpfi-ko,
n.
n. afresh a potsherd.
start,
a young sprout.
a-kpa-gbfe-yii), n.
n.
a' runt.
a-ko-ko,
a tooth
a woodpecker.
:
a-kd-ko,
is
a point of time
akoko kodza,
the time
a-kp9,-ko,
n. n.
past.
a-kpa-la,
n.
a kind of gourd
a clod of earth
:
a-k6-kCir), n.
a-k6-kp5,
tohistle.
collection,
a-kpa-l9
(alo), n.
a riddle-maker
akpalo kpatit^,
to sell.
executioner.
7, 15.)
a-k6-ri-ra, n.
a hater.
a devourer, (Mat.
a-k6-ro,
n.
a boggy or
muddy place.
a-kpa-ra,
barrenness of land.
AKP
-
14
a-kur)-yui)-gb&, n.
ALA
a court
flatterer,
a-kpa-ri,
n.
a bald-headed person.
n.
a bard, a
a-kp9.-ro, n.
a-kpa-ror),
drummer.
a-ku.-r6, n.
season.
a garden by
a-kpa-ta,
n.
a-kpfi-ta, M.
n.
a rock.
a-ku-t&,
ft-la, n.
n.
salutation to one
who
is selling.
d:c.
an
invited guest.
a-M,
n.
a dream
14 ala, to
dream.
associate.
a-la'-ba-dze, n.
a fellow-guest, an
n.
a surname.
one
a-la'-ba-kpa,
calls
n.
a-kpe-na,
together.
n.
who summons or
a meeting a-la-ba'-kpa-de,
a-la'-ba-kpir), n.
a partner, a a highway
lielper.
a-kpe-na, n. warp-piins of a native loom. , a-kpe-re, n. a pad to ride on. a-kpe, n. a staying : akpe li o kpe, you stayed long. a-kp, n. a clapping of hands : ae akpe, to clap. a-kpe-dza, . a fisherman. a-kpe-re. See akpedzurc. a-kpe-ta, n. part of a dead body, as a finger, a nail, or a lock of hair, brought home from the battlefield to the relatives.
a-la'-ba-mo-lS,
a-la'-ba-iii), n.
n.
a kidnapper.
a fellow-traveller. a
a-la'-ba-se, n.
a-lfi-bd, n.
a-la'-bi-n6-k1i, n.
a-la'-bo-dzu-to,
a-la'-bd-o-viT'd, n.
the
a-la'-bu-k6r), n.
a-kpi-ni,
n. n.
a-kpi-nti,
a kind of drum.
despises or is despised bukuij aroi), an invalid, a disabled person. a-la-bu-si, . one who bestows.
a-la'-bu-kdr),
n.
who who
ala-
a-kpo,
n.
a quiver.
:
a-la'-da-ra5,
a-la'-da-si, n.
n.
an
errorist,
heretic.
d.-kpo, n. a bag akpo agadagodo, a kind of leathern bag ; akpo isana, a bag for flint and tinder.
a meddler.
a-kpo-fir), n.
a-la'-da-so, n. one who speaks in the name of another without authority : aladas9 ni Mobomodu,
a-kpo-kpo,
roll
of cloth
tlie
pod of
certain
Mohammed was
a-la-de, n.
one
self-sent.
a-kpo-lu'-ku-tu,
silkworm.
n.
n.
African
king
omo
a-la-dl, n.
a dealer in
n.
a-la-d5i), n.
paste of bene-seeds.
a-la-do-ta,
n.
which
n.
a-kpo-r6 (kpa
a-kpo-ti,
n.
oro), n.
box,
an
:
antidote.
a-la'-du-gbo,
afoot-stool.
a neighbor.
reconciler.
stool
:
akpoti
itise,
a-la-dza,
a peace-maker, a
akpoi) obiri,
restlessness.
a brewer.
a-la'-dzu-ku,
a-la'-fe-hir)-ti
n.
(fi
seller
a-kua-bS
a-kua-lS a-kua-re
tigued.
(abS), n.
(ale),
n.
a-la'-fe-ti-gb6
n. eti), n.
(fi eliiij),
(are), n.
one
who
is
fa- a-la'-fe-nu-si
a-la'-fe-ri, n.
(fi
enu), n.
seeker.
a-kua-r5
(auro),
n.
salutation
in
the
morning,
a-la-fl-a, n.
a-la'-fi-hfi.r), n.
n.
salutation to one
who
a-la'-fi-la, n.
a-la-fir), m.
a shower, a dealer in
exhibitor ;
caps.
traitor,
a-ku-td.
one
a-la-fi-ye-si, n.
ent.
is sitting.
superintend-
a-ku-dir), n.
a-kti-dz6-ko,
salutation to one
who
a'-la-fo, n.
hole, scuttle ;
(fi
a-kue-m
a-la'-fo-dzu-to
a-la'-fu-ra, n.
odiu).
See
alafiyesi.
a-kui'-e-gbe,
rheumatism.
a-la-fu-ta, .
the house.
a-la-ga (aga),
a-la-ga-ri, n.
a dealer in chairs.
a stupid person.
a saddler.
ALA
a-la-gba,
n.
15
a-lai-sf, n.
ALA
one one
an
n.
elder,
a-la'-gba.-f 5, n.
a-lai-se, n.
which
is
necessary.
a-la-gb&-ra,
a-la'-gb.-r6, n.
advocate.
one
who
one
a-la'-gba-so, a-la'-gba--wi,
a-la'-gb.-se, n.
a spokesman, an a-lai-so-do-do,
a-lai-so-t6, n.
a-lai-t6, n.
n.
one
who
is
unrighteous.
who
is
does wrong,
a hireling.
one
which
a-la'-gbfl.-t^ n.
who
sells
on commission.
a-la'-gb3.-to,
n.
a foster-nurse.
See alagbaso.
a-la'-gba-^wi.
a-lai-ye
(li
aiyc), n.
the
6 diaiye
a-la-gbe,
n.
a beggar.
a blacksmith, a smith.
n.
a-la'-gbe-de, n.
world more than the alaiyc loh, he enjoys the owner of the world (said of extravagant persons).
dzu
a
receiver of money.
a-lai-y6,
n.
which
one
is alive.
n. oraij),
one
who
is
heedful,
a-lai-ye, n.
a-lai-y6, n.
6, 11.)
splitter or
sawer of wood.
a-la'-ka-ra,
n.
a-la-gi-di-gba,
palm-nuts. a-la-gi-sa, n. a-la'-he-re,
n.
n.
beads
manufactured
from a-la-ka-tar)-kpo, n. a, cross-bow man. A-la-ke, n. the Lord of Ake, a title of the King of Egba, from li, to have, and Ake, the name of the rags.
royal
city.'
a-la'-he-so, n. a-la'-ho-ro,
a-lai-bo,
n.
a news-monger, a smatterer.
a-la'-ke-le, n. a-la'-ke-si, n.
a-la-kor), n.
n.
who
is is
is desolate.
which
unsheltered, defenceless.
unstable, changeable.
is
to.
a-lai-du-ro, n.
which
a-la'-ko-se,
3.'-la-kpa, n.
n.
ignorant of
will not take
a-la'-ko-ti, n.
an old
n.
wall.
one
who
a-la'-kpa-rui),
a-la'-kpa-ta., n.
a destroyer.
a
n.
butcher.
a-lal-gboi), n.
n.
one
who
is
unwise.
a-la'-kp6-dze,
a-la-kpir),
n.
an
invited guest.
who is untattoed, uncircumcised. a-lai-ko-la, one who is untaught, ignorant. n. a-lai-k6, a-lal-ku, n. who is immortal. who is unsaved, unsafe. a-lai-ia, .
a-lai-le, .
a divider, sharer.
a dreamer.
evening
which
is
a-lai-le-ra, n.
a-lai-16-re, n.
who
a-la-lS, n.
evening.
by evening
n.
li
alal|,
every
which
a-la'-lu-kpfi-yi-da,
a juggler.
n.
a-lai-le-so, n. a-lai-lS-se, n.
which
is fruitless, barren.
who
is sinless,
innocent.
a-lai-mo-ye,
a-lal-ni5, n.
n.
the
maker of
the
one
n.
who
one
is
ignorant.
a-la'-mo-rl.
a-la-nf-yai),
ie alaini, to
a-lai-in5-"W,
need, to tvant.
n.
who
is
anxious.
a-la'-nta-kur)
(ta
a-lai-ni-ba-bfi, n.
a fatherless
n.
a-lai-ni-gba-gb6,
a-lai-nl-ka-n6,
a-lai-ni-to, n.
n.
an
unbeliever.
a-la-nu, n. one who is merciful. a-la-ra (liara), n. which has a body (Mat. 14, 36), a free person.
a-la'-ra-b&-ra, n.
bara, all sorts
kinds, fashions
oniruru alara
offashions.
one
a-lai-nl-ya
(iya), n.
a motherless
is
child.
a-la'-r9.-dze, n.
who buys
his provisions.
a-lai-nl-ye, n.
which
numberless.
a-la'-rar)-se, n.
a helper.
n.
who
is
a-la-r6-ke-r-ke,
one without excuse.
a scoundrel. a
transgressor.
a-la'-r6-k6-dza,
n.
ALA
a-la'-re-na, n.
a-la-rl, n.
16
Al-ku-ra-ni
a-16, n.
AMO
(Arab.), n.
tlie
Koran.
another, a go-between.
scarlet.
district ; flame.
a-lo-ngo,
n.
tight-legged trowsers.
a-la'-rir)-dz6, n.
a-la'-riij-ki-ri, n.
a-lo-re, n.
a-lo, n.
sentinel's stand,
is inverted ;
is bent,
gibbet.
which which
riddle.
:
a-la-ro, n.
which a
a-16, n.
grafted
a-la'-ro-l)5, n.
petti/ trader.
tiller.
a-lo'-le-ke (ileke), n.
a-la'-ro-ko, n. a-la'-ro-ye, n.
a-la-rvl, n.
n.
ti.
a farmer, a great
talker.
lid.
a porter,
carrier.
a-la-sa,
a-la-s6,
a beater of
the
drum
the
called bata.
a-la'-si-ki, n.
who
is
prosperous.
a-lu-bo-sa,
dopdo:).
a'-lu-fa, n. a-lu-fa, n.
n.
an onion.
a beater of
a-la-so, n. a-la-s5, n.
talker.
a-lii-dor)-d9i), n.
drum
called
a quarrelsome person.
a flatterer, one who exaggerates.
officer.
a-la'-so-ddr), n.
a learned man,
religious.
a-la-sa, n.
a military
knowledge.
a-la-sfi.-ra, n.
a dealer in tobacco or
snuff.
See
olifa.
who
acts
extravagantly,
self-
a-lu-gba, a-lu-gbe,
n.
n.
7i.
a door-facing.
domesticated honey-bees. a likeness, resemblance.
a-lu-gbor),
leader in evil.
a-lu'-kar)-rin, n.
a crow. a jacket,
tunic.
a-la-BO, n.
one
who has
n.
cloth,
a dealer in
cloth.
a-lu-ka-sa-fa,
n. n.
a-la-ta'-mkpo-ko,
a-la'-ti-le-hir), n.
a grasshopper.
a-lu-ka-vra-ni,
an agreement.
a stirrup.
a sustainer, supporter.
a-lu-ke-mbu,
a-lu-kb,
n.
a-la-t9r)-se, n.
a cockatoo.
purple.
n.
former.
a-la-'we,
n.
a-la-vsre, n.
a-lu-kpa'-yi-da,
refuses a-lu-se, n.
sleight
a-la'-'wi-l-gb6, n.
advice.
who
is
unruly, who
a-lu-sir), n.
a-la'-"wi-i-ye, n. one
a-l-a'-wi-k&,
a-la-'Wd,
n.
n.
who
a-lu'-"wa-la, n.
a-lu'-'wa-si,
a-mi-lfi.
parade, ostentation.
aid), n.
a-la'-^wl-ye, n.
one
who
explains.
(mo
n.
an
interpreter
of dreams.
as an adj., a-inb6 (bo, to a-la-"w6, n. ; which has color: malu alaw5 kpukpa, a red colored lect; whence orombo,
a'-ma-la,
cow
colored.
fruit.
lohat else ?
a-la-ye,
n.
which
is
spacious, roomy,
life.
a judge of beauty.
a-19.-ye, n.
which has
sign.
a-la'-y e-kar), n.
a-la-yi, pron.
a kind of apron.
a-ml,
n.
a spy.
n.
n.
this.
a-mi-kir),
a breathing
which
is
on.
a-la'-yi-dfi.-yi-d&, n.
bler.
(I's.
shaken together.
(Luke
6,
26, 4.)
a-le, n.
a-le-bu,
n.
a-mlr), adv.
vilifies,
amen. a breathing
ofiij)
or abuses.
a-ird-sl, n.
into.
a-le-dzo,
a-md-fir) (mo
n.
a lawyer.
a-mo-dz(i-k<i-ro
observing.
n. n.
(niu), n.
an overlooking, or not
evening.
w.
a-mo-re,
a spirited
horse.
a thankful person.
a-li-ga'-ri-mi,
a-li-kfi-ma, n.
a-li-kl-ba, n.
wheat. blanket.
a-mo-ye, a-mo, n. a
k-rag,
n.
an
intelligent person.
potter's clay.
AMO
a-in6,
n.
17
a
child.
ARI
\
ag-ge-re, ??, a wooden leg. a-mo-dur), n. next year : woyi amodui) m' k to a-ra, n. an oath. body, skin, member of a community, self : gbai)ga-gbai)ga, b)j this time next year I shall be a a-rfi, M. ar41e {\\i), family ; arale (ile), citizen ; ara mi dd, great man.
which adheres
;
figuratively,
a-in5-dza,
n. n.
:
a guess
one
my
body
is
is well,
i.
a-m5-dze,
a-mb-dztl,
a-m.6-dzil,
who
susjyected
persons by
skin
pale,
e.
water ordeal
n. n.
e. / am well ; ard mi fuq, my / am alarmed ; ard kai) mi, my ara e. / am grieved, vexed ;
i. i.
one
who
n.
is
well informed.
body
itself,
drunkenness, a drunkard.
a-ra, n.
thunder.
the cotton-tree
a-in5-hur)-gbo-gbo,
who
is
omniscient.
a'-ra-ba, n.
a-mo-kpa,
drunkard.
a-mo-kpa-ra,
n.
drunkenness,
a a-ra'-bi-ri
(obiri), n.
sister,
(bombax). a female
relative.
traveller.
relative.
a-ni5-kp, conj. though, notwithstanding. a-mo-kur), n. a latne jierson, lameness. a-mo-le (mo ile), n. a builder.
a-mo-le,
a-ni6-na, a-ni6-na,
a-ni6-ra, a-in5-se,
n.
a male
a conspirator
n.
se amoll, to conspire.
a-ra-in6-ri, n.
a-rai), n.
tight cap.
a-ino-16-kpa,
n. n. n.
n.
assassination.
:
intestinal
velvet.
worms.
a guide
se
amona,
to guide, lead.
a-rS.1), n.
booty, plunder.
S,-rar(, n.
a-mb-rar),
silly.
n.
a-raij-mfl, n.
self-conceit.
which
is infectious.
a-ni5-tS.r), n.
pretended knowledge,
n.
a-rfi.r)-ni-16-"WO, n.
help,
a helper.
a-mo-te-kur),
an animal
like
a leopard.
a-rar)-se, n.
a-rar)-so, n.
a-rarj-'WTi, n.
sewer, tailor.
a cotton-spinner.
at all, in the least.
a-mu,
n.
confusion of mind.
n.
n.
a-ra-ra, adv.
a-ra-rfi, w.
a-mu-bfi,
means, instrumentality. ^
a dwarf.
a-mu-di,
cold. n.
a-mu-kpa-da,
a-mu-rar), n.
while sewing.
a-ra-rtm, num. five by five. a bringing back, restoration. a-rS.-tu-bu, n. a prisoner, one in jail. a tailor's hook, to hold the cloth a-ra-yfi, n. liveliness, cheerfulness, merriment.
9.-re, n.
a being in
the right
emi ^e
are,
I am right.
a-mu-re,
n.
a-mfi-ror), n.
a-r-ke-r-ke, n. dishonesty, knavishness ; a trick, a knave : edio so ar^kereke, the serpent was subtle.
(Gen. 3, 1.) a-re-re, n. deep
n.
silence.
a-mu-'wSll,
n.
a-mu-ya,
a-na,
n.
n.
yesterday
6 de
li
ana, he
;
fi-na, n.
relative
by marriage
ralissimo
I;
are
dred.
a-na-bi
die, he
anabi
Musa
li
o a-re, n.
it is
fatigue
to
are
tire
mu
one
mi,
;
/ am
tired
6 t6 are,
tAi),
Moses
n.
said.
enough
ara mi di are
/ am
a-na'-bi-ri
aunt, dc.
(obiri),
a female
n.
relative,
sister,
a-na'-kor)-ri (okoqvi),
a male
relative.
a-re-kfi-nda,
a-re-16, n.
n.
deceit.
a-nl
to say), (ni,
adv.
even, yea.
abasement, an abaser.
n.
a-nl-a-ni,
n.
doubt, uncertainty.
a-re-mo (omp),
a-re-ni-dze,
a a-rf,
n.
a-nl-do-kpir)
a-ni-tftr), n.
(de okpii)), n.
complete possession.
as
cheater.
a-nl-ni-la-ra, n.
an
o^opressor.
a-re-AVa (ara ewa), n. a beautifid person. which is seen : etu mbe li oko ? ari, are n.
there
proper name.
a-ni-yar), n.
any guinea-fowls on
ari! see
now
ko anu,
to
a-nte-te,
a-nfl, n.
n.
a kind of cricket.
:
a-ri-di-dzi, n.
;
an apparition.
is hot,
pity, sorroto
ie anu, to pity
a-ri-fi, n.
which
heat
in6 re gbona bi
arifi,
moxirn.
aij-fa-ni, which is easily performed
;
advantage.
a-ri-hur)-gbo-gbo,
n.
all-seeing.
ARI
a-ril), n.
18
previoumess
:
ASO
!
the centre,
it
:
time,
li
arii) rS,
a-sfi.
inter},
excuse
me !
asia.
said
by a
bailiff
when he
mo
se e
li
arin kaq,
it
/ did
it
li
arrests a
man.
w. n.
See
before ;
a-sa-di-dze,
a-sfi-lfl, n.
afoot-race.
the square
a-sa-ka-ni-l,
of a house.
:
a-rir)-dzo, n.
a-rii)-ko, n.
a'-rl-'Wfi, n.
a fleeing for
barrenness
:
sa
a point of time
the north.
chance.
asala, to escape.
a-sft-lS, n.
di asale, to be barren. (2
a-ri-'wi, n.
an
excuse, extenuation.
Pct."l, 80.)
a-s9l), n.
asag
li
ori^a,
a-r6, n.
d,-ro,
asaq, in vain,
n.
sorrow,
mourning
da
aro,
se
aro,
to
a-sfiii-k6r), .
mourn,
to be soi-ry.
a-sa-re, m.
a-sfi.-s6, n.
a-sS.-sii), n.
live
a runaway,
who
petty
traffic.
with another.
paint, color.
:
a-rd-dze,
n.
resting-place
on
the road.
a-se, a-se, n.
a-sd, n.
a-r6-h.ur)-g'bo-gT30.
a-r6-k3.r), n.
See arihuijgbogbo.
a meal, a feast
a-ro-ko,
n.
a-ro-kpin,
a-ro-le, n.
n.
limit
ie arokpii), to limit.
; ase iyawo, a wedding-feast ; asfe owurS, breakfast ; ase osai), dinner. a-se-kpoi), n. a barren woman, used as a term of
an
heir.
reproach.
a-ro-in6-le, n.
a-r6-ni-kfi, n.
the afternoon.
a-se-ndze.
a-se-n6,
on, terms,
n.
See asase.
witch, wizard.
a barren woman.
the fetid field-rat.
a-ro-si-ld, a-ro-tS-le, n.
bargain.
a thing agreed
li
a-se, M.
a strainer ;
S.-se, ai-s&, n.
large door.
a-ro-"wa,
n.
now
wdli
a-se-mi
to
(omi), n.
water-filter.
a-ro-ye, n.
grumbling, disputing
se
aroye,
a'-si-a, n.
a flag,
ensign.
grumble, dispute. one with withered limbs, a cripple. a-ro, n. the smithes trade. a-r6, n.
a-r5, n.
affliction,
a'-si-a
interj.
excuse
me ! I
See as4.
a-si-ki, n.
a-sir), n.
good
service.
luck, success.
lamenting.
a-r6, n.
a-ro-kii), n.
a-sir)-gba, n. an express, or the sending of things, generally the king's goods, from post to post.
a-ro-ku-ro,
children.
a-sir)-kpa, n.
one
bitter service.
a-r6-ni9-'bl-nio (6
om9),
n.
a-sir)-rir), n.
a-sir)-AVii), w.
A-rp-ni
the name of a fairy. (aro enia), n. (It sculptured as a female, with one arm and one
a-si-"wa, n.
(Luke 11,
26.)
asi
leg,
a'-si-'wa a'-si-bb, adv. now at last : ndie, asibo yi 6 de, then, at last he will come.
wa
a-so-fei-ye-dze
it
(fu eiye), n.
species
of fig
(lit.
a-r5n-ka-r5r),
disease.
n.
an
evil
a-s6-gb6,
a-s5,
ripe fruit.
n.
a-s6-kp5,
n.
wrangling
tisb
baba
idia,
a-ru-da, n.
a-ru-fir), n.
a propitiatory
a law-breaker.
sacrifice.
wrangling
a-s5-d5r),
is the father
of fighting.
an old person. a-ru-go-gai), n. an iron hook. a-ru-k9i), . a freshet; an extra a-nii), num. five.
a-ru-gb6,
n.
3.-s6-ni-dS.-ho-ro, n.
a desolation.
a-s6-ni-d3.-y6,
sacrifice.
n.
which
quickens,
or
makes
alive.
a-SOq-k6r),
n. n.
a-ruQ-di-lo-gljor) (di
five.
W,
from
on),
on),
nearness, proximity,
n.
a-s5-ro-dze-dze, a-s6-ro-ke-le,
(le
li,
a whisperer,
:
a-rur)-le-lo-ta
laid
num.
a-sa, n.
a-Sfi, n.
a-so-t&ij, w.
completeness of talking
6 sbro
If
aso-
ASO
a-SO-td-le, n.
19
;
ATE
(enu), n.
n.
prophecy, prediction
so asotSle, to
a-se-nu
an advocate, mediator.
beginning.
prophesy, predict.
a-SO-ti, n.
(Acts 19,
6.)
a-s-se-ko-se,
an
unfinished
talking,
a failure
:
in
making a
a-so-ye,
a-sd-bd,
a-silr), n.
n.
speech.
a-si-kpa-ya, a a-si-ri, n.
a-si-se, n.
n.
revealing, disclosing.
secret,
a discovery.
a reasoning, explaining
so asoye, to
convince.
n.
of being asleep.
the sleep of death. a'-sur)-"w6g, n. a wallet, a purse. &-sa, n. a fashion, a custom : asa
a-silr)-k<i, n.
feeding alone.
a-so-dzu.
lailai,
See a^ehiijde.
an old a-so-re,
n.
a
a
well-doer, benefactor.
custom.
a-so-ri, n.
tree to
the
pro
asa ni Takpa eiye, the falcon is perties of the upas. the Takpa of birds. a sharp-pointed knife. or Nufe people a-S0-r6, n. (The Takpa a tormenter, a vindictive person. are said to be the swiftest of men.) n. a-s6-ro, which is picked up : &ik enia, an idler, a-sd-TWO, n. a trader, merchant. n. a-S&,
a-sa, n.
:
a falcon
a-so, n.
dress
;
cloth, clothing ;
a watcher
&ko
a-sa-gbe,
a-sa-gi
n.
a beggar.
n.
chips.
a-s5, n.
(igi),
a-SO-lu
a contentious person.
a-SO-te,
over a corpse.
a magistrate.
a-sa-goi), n.
contention,
a
n. n.
a-sa-kpa,
a-sfi.-lS, n.
n.
a canopy
a-su-kar),
a-sa-le, n.
a-sarj, n.
sauce.
n.
the ridge
a-s&-ra,
snuff.
a'-ta-ba, n.
a dove
ni k^re),
a-sa-ro, n.
a-sa-ti, n.
a-sa-tl, n.
mush, porridge.
a wild pigeon.
cattle,
a-sa-ro, n. meditation, meditator: ie a^aro, to meditate. a-tfi-dza-te-rar) (ati adia ati a stack or shock. mestic animals of any kind.
do-
which
is rejected.
a-ta-fo, n.
a whitlow.
everlastingly.
a-sS.'-'wa-da, n.
jesting, playfulness.
a-tai-ye-rai-ye, adv.
n.
a-sa-"wi, n.
ginger.
the larger species
n.
a-sa-ya,
a-se, n.
n.
n.
a-ta-li-a, n.
a-sa-yar),
which
is selected.
a-ta'-mkpo-ko,
a-ta'-mo-ra,
excess.
the
an
n.
one
who
a-se-dzil, n.
a-se-fe-fe, n.
a-se-h9.r), n. a-se-kS.r), n.
extravagant behavior,
entangled in business.
who
is
a-t&-na-infi.-na
(ati
from
yester-
day
till
now.
refuse.
a final
which
a-se-kpe,
n.
is
perfected.
(1 Pet. 5, 10.)
a-se-ktir), n.
a-se-le-ke, n.
a-se-sa,
n.
a-ta-ri, n.
a-te, n.
the
crown of
the head.
disgraceful action.
a kind of rat.
a hat
;
a-se-tSu,
a-se-tl, n.
n.
which
is
completed.
a-te, n.
bird-lime.
is first,
a failure.
w.
See asekui).
(2 Pet.
2, 10.)
a-te-te, n.
which
youngest.
a-se-ti-n6,
a-se, n.
cess
:
self-will.
a-te-te-ba, n. which
tier.
is first
12)
power, a commandment ; good speed, sucase ik5, authority, commission (Acts 26, He ase, a mighty work, a miracle ; kpa a^e,
li
a-te-te-bi, n.
the first-bom.
n.
a-te-te-kg-se, a-te-te-se,
a-te, n.
3.-te, n.
the beginning,
kpa
. .
a^e, to
command,
decree.
a-se, n.
which comes
;
to pass,
a fulfilment,
effect;
imjrrecation
the menses.
a-te-gur),
a-sei-ye-sa-te
sembler.
(eiye ate), n.
double-dealer, dis-
a-te-le, n.
a-tfe-le-bg-si, n.
(ehii)),
a-se-hir)-de
n.
an agent.
a-te-le-hir), n.
ATE
a-te-le-se, n.
a-t6-lo-'VB"6, w.
the sole of the foot.
20
a-t6-na,
n.
AWI
a spy, loatchman on the road.
the
palm
of the
a hand-breadth.
a-te-mo-ra,
a-te-ru,
n.
n.
long suffering.
repetition
of behavior,
a fresh
a slave-dealer.
a-ti,
a-toi)-kpa, n. a candle. a-te-'wo-gb&, n. which is acceptable. a prefix, forming nouns which present the a-tor)-se, n, a mending, amendment. meaning of the verb in a substantive form ; as, a-tog-wi, n. repetition of a thing said.
atiri,
seeing ;
k i)w6na
atiri,
we are trying
to see.
a-t9-rur)-"W"fili (ati
wug),
n.
which
is original.
a-ti, prep.
a-ti, conj.
from.
a-t9-'W"9-"W&h, n. which originates with oneself. a meeting, a coincidence ; used also as a-tu-b6-se, n. ivhich brings to completion. a proper name. a-tu-b5-tS.r), n. termination, end of life. a platform, a scaffold. a-tu-di-mb, n. a covenant breaker. (Rom. 1, 31.) a'-ti-ba-TDa, n. a coming, an advent. a'-ti-b5, n. a-tu-k9, n. one who rows or paddles a boat.
a'-ti-bfi, n.
ati,
both
and
a-t6-si, M.
:
gonorrhoea.
(ati
ati
iwo
ati
a-to-'wo-do-"W9
15,2.)
de owo), n.
tradition.
(Mat.
a'-ti-de, n.
an
arrival.
days
till
now
emi 6
ri i li
atiiarug,
I have
not seen
six
a'-ti-dze-fa, n.
from
the
now.
:
a'-u-r6, n.
li
a'-ti-dzo
(ati
odz9), n.
atidio iwa,
from
day of
being,
i.
e.
from
the
For words beginning in atm), see atog. morning. a-vra, pron. we : awa nd, we ourselves ; awa tiks^ra wa, we ourselves, our own selves ; ara wa, ourselves.
a-"W&,
71.
a sparrow.
a jest, a joke
n.
:
a'-ti-kpo, n.
resident, sojourner,
immigrant
:
se
fi.'-"wa-da,
se awada, to jest.
a'tikpo, to sojourn,
emigrate.
a'-"wa-intl, n.
adherence.
atima a'-"wa-n6,
a-"wa-ri, n.
it.
till
you
a-ti-rar)-di-rai)
(irai)
de
n. iraij),
genealogy.
find
:
a-ti'-si-si-yi-16h, n.
this
time
and forward
)i
a-'wa-tfii), n.
atisisiyiloh, henceforth.
a-'Wa-ti, n.
an abandoned
awati,
search,
a failure
to find
a'-ti-se-nl-s, n.
we looked but could not find a-"W"a-"wi (wah wi), n. an excuse, subterfuge. a-'wa-ya, n. bird shot.
k
li
wdh a
it,
a-vra-yfi, n.
struggle, to be
n. n.
struggling,
agony
se
awaya,
to
a'-ti-"w6 o-rui), n.
a-to, n.
the west.
in agony.
which straightens, a long-necked gourd. SL-Mve-re, noise : kpa ato, to make a noise ; a-'wS-re, a-to, a-to-to, n. hear ye ! " oh yes ! " a word used by the a-"we, n. atoto
!
the yellow
monkey. a cotyledon,
to
folly, silliness.
;
breadth of cloth
town criers. i-we, n. mourning, a religious fast : gba awe, a-to-ni-mo-ni (ati oni m6 oni), n. morning till fast. now : emi b diehug li atonimoni, / have not eaten a-'we-in6, n. a washing clean, purification.
to-day.
a-vre-nb,
reason
of,
n.
which
is
washed
off,
a being cleansed
a-to-ri, n.
account of: li reason that, on account of. a-to, n. urine : ile ato, the bladder.
atori,
for
the
or pure.
a-"wi-gb6,
which
is
n.
a-wi-i-da-ke
old
:
(i,
a-to-dz9-in6-dzo,
n.
a long time
a.-'vn.-l-ghd, n.
one
who
a-"wi-kpe,
conj.
j^rovirfec? that.
a-tp-ko
(tu oko), n.
,
a pilot, helmsman.
de omo),
li
statement,
a-to-kur), n.
leader, guide.
(ati
ta
li
awii), to sell
on
credit.
a-to-mo-do-mo
generation
:
n.
generation to
it
a-wi-rir), n.
a-Avi-si, n.
terms.
witch,
is
loizard.
yi
wa
atomodomo,
will remain
which
from
generation
to generation.
AWI
a-"wrl-ya-nu (enu), n.
a-"wi-ye,
n.
21
a-yar)-8e-bi, conj.
:
Bi
unless, except.
importunity.
s5 awiye, to
discussion, explanation
SL-ye, n.
tiling
;
do a
explain, discuss.
a-'WO,
n.
a plate ; a shock a-y6, the black-crested Guinea hen : awo koto, .-ye,
vessel,
n. n.
which
is alive,
awo
imi,
a-ye-tfir),
perfect
understanding
of a thing.
a-'Wd, n. a secret bargain, a superstitious mystery ; a spy-glass : awo odiu, spectacles ; awb dzidii, a
looking-glass.
change,
cycle
season.
a-'wo-di, n.
a hawk.
colic.
a-'wd-ko, a-"w6-ko,
a-'wo-ni,
a-"wo-re,
n.
a palm-leaf mat.
light blue color.
the
n.
n.
the mocking-bird.
a-yii)-rii), n.
visitor.
d.-yo, n.
game
called warry.
a-"w6-rai), n.
n. M.
likeness, resemblance.
n. n. n. n.
which
eating
is beloved,
much prized.
which
is full.
luck.
to the full,
a-Tvd-se,
a pattern. a cure
:
which
is selected, chosen.
:
a-"w6-tfi.r), n.
so aw5tai], to cure.
a-y6,
joy, happiness
(ilu),
y6 ay5,
to rejoice. to
a-'wo-tl-ii, n.
a bow-knot.
a-y9-lu-'w6
n.
a spy sent
survey a town.
the
a-'WO-'WO,
a channel. a-"WO-ye, n. an inspector, spy. ii.-'wo, n. a hide, leather; color, outward appearance
n.
a-yo-mo,
:
n.
a daughter-in-law,
(eni), n.
wife of
king's son.
a-yo-ni-'w6
a-yo-sai),
n.
a spy
set
over one.
awo sama, a
a-w5-hii),
n.
cloud.
sacrifice.
a hunch-back.
a.
a-y9-se,
lie.
n.
done by
stealth.
ayiir)
a-'WO '-16-h.ii,
a fabrication, a
n.
those.
a-'w5-le-'w6-ri,
a-"W"9-nl, pron.
n.
:
aw4h, going
a-'WO!),
tortoise ;
stinginess
se aw9i), to be stingy.
:
a-'WO!), pron.
yfOT),
B
ba,
V.
a-"w6i), n.
a-'WO!),
n.
the tongue.
to
and hence,
to meet,
net.
ba
ti
ba
. .
li go about thy business ; ba ba li oruko die lohui)) (See ni ino die (See ba lorukodie) ; ba
ninodie).
a.-'WM-dig, n.
the
midst of a crowd.
ba,
V.
to
and hence,
to
plait ;
to strain, to bespeak, to
come
to the point in
speaking
to alight ; to be bent
:
ba
aro, to strain
a-y a-ba,
a-ya-ko,
n.
a king^s
wife,
a queen.
potash
16
rao b^
e^ii),
/ bespoke
b^
a-ya-bfi, n.
n.
on the rock
ib9i) \>k,
the
gun
is bent.
shall, will,
:
at all
ki ise
6i) bii, it is
otherwise, unless.
a-ya-ndze,
i.-yar), n.
n.
cheat, imposition.
:
ba, ba-ui), adv. so, as : tali o wi ba ? who said so ? iru 6nia ba w6ni, such people as these.
bfi,
a cockroach, a stench
inquisitiveness.
ie iiyai), to stink.
a-yai), n.
with, from, for : hk mi loh, go with me : prep, 6 b4 mi ra .idie (he from me bought fo^ol), he bought
;
a-yar)-fe, n. which is chosen, beloved ; a friend in the translation of Scripture, " the elect."
a fowl from me
a-yar)-ga,
inferior.
n.
a word
money), find or get money for me. or rebuke to an ba-ba, n. of threatening copper, red Guinea-corn.
ba-bft, n.
a father, a master.
a-yar)-se,
n.
ivhich is
made
or done to order.
bfi-ba,
a great matter.
bA
b3.-ba, n.
22
:
BE
n.
to
.
a small matter
nla), n.
Mba
up a small
affair.
s6,
V.
. .
stir), V.
to cohabit. to
assist,
bfi. ...
se,
(Acts
ba-bfi.-li.-se (alase), n.
15, 15.)
ba-bfi.-lQ.-'wo (al4w6), n.
bfi.-bi-ka, n.
ba-so-rui).
See iba^orui).
hoof; a small
a popular dance.
v.
ba-ta,
n.
bfi.-bu-dzfi (abudza),
by coming upon
box.
suddenly,
to
thwart.
bfi-ta, n.
a kind of drum.
V.
ba-da,
bfi.
.
n.
title.
. .
dfi,-kpd,
V.
6 hk
ba ba woq
tfi.r),
to be akin. to
ti,
t".
/ missed
bfi
. .
mo
\>k
eiye
ti,
the bird.
ba-de,
v.
to suit, agree, ft
li
bata b4 mi
: 6 bade, it suits or fits : ese de, the shoe fits me (on the foot).
ba-tu-re (Hausa),
.
a white man.
blame.
to
wl,
V.
to rebuke, to
ba
dze,
v.
to
spoil,
corrupt, injure,
destroy
ba
wi-dzo
wor),
V.
(wi edio),
v.
judge. (Acts
1, 1.)
badie,
to be spoiled,
dc.
ba-"wo, adv.
6 ba mi dziyag, bfi
:
.
.
how
so
:
ba
to contradict:
to blot, besprinkle.
ba-yi, adv.
ba-dzo
mo badi9
ni
hand
mu oko bani,
take
a eunuch, in the King's palace, ba-fir) (b4 afii)), n. where there are six of them.
bfi-ga-dai'!
!
be, an obsolete verb signifying to heap up (?) whence bebe and ebe. by the staff of ]^gu5 (an oath): tlie bank or brink bagadai' igid4 oloko sa, the treefell and frightened be-be, n. of a river or ditch ; a the farmer, i. e. the mountain labored and shoal ; a lieap : bebe idl, the rump : bebe odi6, brought
!
forth a mouse.
the eyebrow.
bal, adv.
See bayi.
die), v.
to
swear falsely.
:
bdi-bdi, adv.
dimly shining.
same.
li
to ask, to inquire,
to exact
6 bere
o,
he
ba-lft-bu-dza (ba
abudia),
See abudza.
be-se,
V.
n.
a saddle-cloth.
ba-la-ga (b4
le
aga), n.
2. to jump ; 3. to be of a red color ; impudent; 5. formerly, perhaps, to rfecenc?, whence abe and b|re 6. to breed, applied to T. to cool pigeons and to carnivorous animals only
l.tocut;
4. to be
ba-lS
bfi.
. .
(il&),
w.
(li
a governor.
eru), v.
to frighten.
by fanning
be
1
:
(i[i),jump
. . .
down
be
.
s4r)4ai), to
lori).
le-ru
be
li
ori (See
be
. .
b&, bS-be, V. ba-lo-gur) (li oguij), n. a military officer. bfi. 16-hur) (li in ohuij), v. to assent to. (Luke be-he, adv.
. . .
to beg, entreat.
so,
thus
behe ko,
ni,
no, not so ;
it is ;
behe
ni ko,
23, 51.)
yes, so
behe
lo-ru-ko-dze (ba die li orukp), v. to der : 6 hk mi loruko die, he slandered me. ba-lu-Ave (ibi aluwe), n. a bath-house.
bfi
.
. .
be-kpe,
a pawpaiv.
v.
be-le, be-le-be-le,
to be thin, fiat.
bam-bam,
bS.-in6,
V.
n.
beetle, for
beating
mud
floors.
be-le-dze, adv.
to consult with.
be
ambush.
lo-ri
n.
(li
b9.-ino-le
(mo
il), v.
to lie in
be-nde,
to
ko
ni
bende,
to, to
t.
assault.
to
be-nte,
lean.
to be lean,
weakly
axa
mi
bente,
/ am
bfi
ni
ino), v.
to vex,
grieve.
bfi.-0,
be-re, n.
See bawo.
the vine
ba-ra,
bfi
of the egusi.
kd
V.
bfi-ra, n.
.
. .
See elegbara.
V,.
t.
bS-re-sI,
re,
to agree, to be friendly.
v.
t.
be-ri (Luke
5, 36.)
(ori),
v.
to
v.
behead.
to fear. to be
bfi
bfi
re-kp5,
v.
to be
adapted
to.
be-ru
(ba eru),
v.
.rd,
to advise, to
consult with.
be-ru-be-ru,
timid
adv. timidly.
BE
be-ru-ke-ni
keni,
23
what shall
of
the
BO
I do ?
; bi
ti,
to fear something ; (era ki era), v. generally employed in the negative : emi 6 bera-
eni bi
ti
ti
Egba, a mat
as.
:
like those
Egbas
in6
r, according to
your mind
iote
si
Ifear
V.
nothing.
to visit, to investigate, to affect,
. .
or will ; n! bi
inasmuch
be
bi,
"wd,
to
bl
.
ti-le, conj.
though, if even
bi
tile
i,
V,
ask;
.
ebi (See bi
lebi)
li
though we have
bi-ye-sl
(bil),
to respect
See
bl,
V.
to generate,
follow or
kabiyesi.
succeed.
b6,
push, vomit
:
V. V.
bray
like
a he-goat.
bi, V.
to
bd,
of
leaves, to
overwhelm.
on
the water.
if,
bo-bo, adv.
though, whether
:
bl, conj.
as,
bl 6nia, like a
person ; b ofi^, according to law. ? a sign of interrogation : 6 m6 bi ? does he know ? bi-ba-'WO 1 adv. loherehy ? in what way ? how ? b6-dzu-to, bC-dzu-'wd, bi-bS, n. a begging, supjilication. for, to see after.
bl
bo-de (ba ode), n. a custom-house. bd-dzo (bi odio), adv. like a coward, cowardly. bo-dzu-in6 (ba odiu), v. to chide, reproach.
v.
to look
ujmu,
to
care
bi-bi, n.
birth,
a bearing
6 dekni)
bo-dzu-"w6
(bil),
v.
to
look at,
v.
visit.
off bearing.
to blind
with brightness:
sun
is blinding.
(Ps.
'77, 3.)
b6-16
b6-l,
(ile),
V.
to
bi-bu,
n.
a patch in a
roof.
V.
to cover
bI-6-n.i-a, adv.
humanlike, humanely.
like dust.
as,
bo-le-bo-le,
bd-le-bo-le,
n. n.
a thatcher.
(bi),
as
if.
bo-lS-se-bl, bo-16-se-kp6
adv.
;
if possible.
to flourish.
brutishly.
b6-le
(ile),
iJ.
to cover the
ground
to notice
or regard.
conj.
b6-lo-b6-lo,
n.
sting.
bi-kd-se, bi-k6-se-kp6,
bi-l&, V.
to
b6-nii-'w6l)
(bil
to sprinkle
with water.
open a
(li
way
bo-mo,
bi bi bi
bi
le-bi
ebi), v.
inquire
bi
og
lebi,
Sorghum).
ask him.
. .
bd
v. (li ere),
(li
in6-16,
v.
v.
to
overwhelm.
16-re
to question, interrogate.
v.
b6-ni (Egba),
to be large.
to be
le-dzo
16-hur)
to
edio),
to
v.
very large.
body.
person in a court.
.
b6-ra
to
fault.
(ara), v.
ori), v.
bi-lil, V.
obui)), v.
top.
bI-rQ9 (omo), V. to beget, or bear a child. bl-na-bl-na, n. abusive language. bi nl-n6 (ino), v. to grieve, to vex.
. . .
bo-r9, very near (as to distance). See gboro. dze (ba oruko dze), v. to slander. bo-rtl-ko
. . .
b6-ti,
V.
to tear
half-way open,
to
half
strip.
bi-n6
(ino), v.
to be
angry.
vexed.
bo-ti-bo-ti, adv.
bo-yui)
(abi oyui)), v.
1.
;
in the
form
of a ho,
V.
to
or slide
to be pregnant. of a solid) ; hence 2. to slip drop (as 3. to take down, as from a peg; 4. to
bi-0-kor)-ri, adv.
manly.
woman
om9-
ozone's clothes; 5. to feed; hence, 6. to worship ; 7. to wash any part of the body, as the face 8. to beat, as a mud-floor 8, to empty (Ps. 10, 8)
ta^e
; ;
:
girl.
to be
oral)
n4 bo
li
owo
(lit.
bl-rl, v.
bi-ri,
V.
my hands
mo bo
li
cwu
ni,
I escaped
to be large
bi-ri, bi-ri-bi-ri, n.
darkness
b6,
V.
2. to pierce ;
to boil
or cook in
dark.
water
n.
4. to
put on a garment;
; 6. to enter
5. to
shake
(lit.
;
bi-ri-ga-mi,
a haversack,
satchel.
insert)
hands
or go out of a house
:
bi-ri-ko-to, v. to be small, as a hole in the ground d4 iho birikoto, dig a small hole.
bi-si,
V.
V. to arrive, to be
b6
1&,
get
is
down
run
6 ijtutu b6,
it
to increase
or multiply.
as,
;
getting wet
;
bi
ti,
ti
enia,
do
like
a person
bi
mb6
bo-dzu
(odzii),
to
wash
the face.
BO
bo-gi
(igi), V.
24
bil
. .
DA
.
bo-ki-ni,
b6-l&,
V.
n.
lil, V.
:
with
to overwhelm, to smite toitk, to affect 6 bil ifodiu lil W013, he smote them with
honor, reverence.
blindness.
down, as
when
bil-m6,
V.
to
add
:
to ;
b6-lo-gI, n.
a kind of
lily.
one, as vermin
(black).
6 bil
m6
ijyifl,
it
hides about or
Comp, beledie.
cleaves to you.
bill),
b6
l9-'w6
(li
9w6),
to
v.
to
shake hands.
for bil,
V.
v.
to give.
"bq-Toi (omi),
b9r),
V.
v.
put
bu-ra
bu-ru,
(ara), v.
to swear, to take
an
oath.
to he filthy, slovenly.
to be bad, ugly.
bu-ru-bu-ru, adv. badly, closely (hiding). bu-ru-ku, adv. intensely, very. bo-ru-ko-nu, n. a stupid spendthrift ; wasteful- Bu-ru-kii, n. an evil deity who causes some kinds ness. of fits, and produces death in small-pox. bo-se (b6 ese), v. to go aside on a call of nature. to add to, to bless, to bil-sl, V. offer sacrifice to. b9 si-kpo (ikpo), V. to restore one to his place bu-s6 (ibi iso), v. a tying-place for animals, a stall. or position. bu-s6 (ibi iso), n. a resting-place, where travellers b5-vrfih, V. to he in the act of coming : k ^bowah, put down their loads. we are coming (now on the road). bu-sil, n. loose, heavy sand. bo-'wo (bil owo), V. to divide. a sleeping-place, a bedstead. bu-silr) (ibi isilij), n. to shake hands. bil V. to bite severely, as a bS-^wfi, V. S&V), dog o bil mi
bo-ni,
n.
tanners.
bo-ra
(ard), v.
b5-'W9 Q^^
9^'9)i
*"
^<'
honor.
ikj),
he
bit
me.
V.
bo-'W9-lo-"WO, adv.
fancifully made.
to take
bil
w6r).
to
v.
b9-ya
bil, v.
bil-yii)
(iyiri),
honor
mo
bilyiij
a por-
fu o,
I praise
thee.
tion
bin, V.
of.
1. to
to cross
D
dfi, V.
1.
bO.
mi
11
omi, give
to
make,
stick.
create.
:
a hiding-place.
badness
:
2.
to assault, strike
6 da mi
11
igi,
he struck
me
fenia
buburu, a bad
3.
tcith
to
bu-do
(ibi ido), w.
a camping-place.
4. to
flash: m&n&m&nA dk, the lightning fiashes. break or he broken : 6 d4 mi li ese, he broke
or leg
:
:
bCl-dza (odia),
bu-dza
to
a thing to one to be sold. (ba idza, a reaching the road ; see dia), v. make a near cut to a place, to anticipate what
to entrust
is
my foot,
5. C. to cease to be
ese
mi
da,
my foot
li
is
broken.
6dio d4,
oda d4
od&i)
ni,
about to say. bu-dz6, n. a fruit used for making black ornamental marks on the skin.
one
there is
1.
to
a drought (lit. it droughts) this year. : Ak eko fu give adza, give mu^h to the dog
to contribute
:
da ow6,
8. to
it
money.
i.
bu-dze
bCi btl bCl
.
.
(ibi idze), n.
V.
a feeding-place, a
to
stall.
prepMre or buy
e.
have
dze,
to bite.
prepared.
ka
(ika), v.
surround, encompass.
9. to
pay
kfi, V.
to distribute
around :
mo
bti
owo k4
ina,
10. to prescribe
W91),
I gave
kfi, V.
bu
that sacrifice ?
11. to speak or
mah
se
da oruko
r|,
do
set the
pot on the
bil-ke
(bil oke), v.
a hump or
1 2.
to
conquer, whip
kanakana da kanakana, a
promise
:
hillock.
b'Cl-k6r), v.
add
to, to
fill
up ;
to bless.
omo n4
is
da,
bii-kili), V.
of.
to be deficient, to despise, to
make
(Jas. 2, 6.)
14. to be sound
ara mi d4,
my
body
sound.
btl-ia, V.
bil btl
to
15. to overturn,
as a stone or anything
heavy:
d4
dfi, V. 2.
li
aga.
See da
out.
. .
laga.
la-dzar) (adzaij),
V.
v.
1.
to
pour
bu-le',
to
add
to, to
patch.
to overturn, capsize, as
a boat.
DA
3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
25
to
DAN
.
.
to
another.
dfi
la-gbe-de-me-dzi,
11.
to
to betray, disappoint.
vide.
to
to he acceptable, as to
sacrifice.
of.
turn
aboict,
8. 9.
to offer
to
sacrifice.
become.
to
attend
to,
as cattle.
?
da, adv.
where ? iwe mi da
v. to
where
is
my
book ?
da-ba
dd.-ba,
(aba),
V. V,
think
of, expect,
suppose.
to be flat, as
to
a roof.
da-bl,
part
of.
da-bd-bo (abo
da-da,
n.
bo),
is
v.
da la-mu (li), v. to confuse, confound. da la-ra (li), v. to disappoint, to annoy. da la'-ra-ya, v. to enliven, to cheer. da to justify. la-re, v. da to trust, to sell to on credit. la.-'wir), da to give life to, to quicken. Ifi-ye, v. da ... 16, V. to put down. da le-kur), v. to prevent, forbid. da le-se (li), v. to cripple the foot or leg. da to convict of sin. le-se, v. da to strike with a sword. li-da, v. da 16-dzo, v. to frighten, intimidate.
.
.
4'.
. . .
which
made.
da
name
da.
lo-dztl,
V.
to
make
it.
one certain:
da mi
Da-da,
n.
lodzd,
. . .
I am
sure of
V.
of a person.
lo-dzfl,
to
disappoint.
da
du-ro,
v.
V.
v.
da-dza,
da-dzi,
day.
steadily or long.
for
da-dz6-ko, da-dzo, V.
judge.
to sit, to sit
to a2}point
a day
any purpose
to
da da da da da
lo-go,
v. v.
to glorify. to to
16-hur),
lo-ro,
lu,
V. V.
v.
answer, reply.
torment, torture.
to bore. to
1%
mingle, adulterate.
da-lii, v.
fell on
cer-
to fall
upon
okuta
dali\
kpa
a,
a stone
and
killed him.
da
me-dzi
So,
(medzi),
. . .
v.
to
. .
jiarts.
V,
da
meta, da
dS.
f 5,
to
da-gba
(iigba), v.
grow,
da-gbe-re
da-gbe-se,
(da), v.
v.
to
da
ni6,
v.
:
to
to
v.
run in
to
debt.
impute k6 da |se m6 wa, he does not impute sin to us ko da ese mo Adama, he did not create
to
:
da-gbo
. .
grow (ogbo), the hack of a furnace or chimney. da-gir), n. da . gi-ri, v. to frighten, to drive people together,
as
old.
Adam
da-md,
a sinner.
v.
to
to
invent
doctrine, to be
heretic.
v.
when they
v.
collect
da-mo-dza
da-ni6-rar)
(anwdza),
(Sraij), v.
v.
to guess.
da-gnr)
(oguij), v.
to collect into
to
purpose, advise.
confuse
;
da'-ho-ro,
to desolate
da-mu
(amu),
to he
to per^^lex,
to
he con-
to reply,
answer.
discourage.
founded,
damned.
to frighten,
v.
to
squat.
to strike against. to
da'-mu-re (amure), v. to gird. da-na (ina), v. to make or kindle a fire. ni-da (d4 ni ida), v. to he or to make da
.
ac-
da-ke,
dead.
v.
to he
cording
. . .
to frighten people, as war, da-ni da-gi-ri, v. to he calm, as the which drives them together. dfi.-ke-dze, d&-ke-r6-ro, v. wind. da ni-de (ide), v. to redeem, set free. ni-dza (Idza), v. to throw in wrestling, da da-ko-dza, v. to step over, 2mss by, to neglect. ni-dzi (idii), v. to frighten, surprise. da-kpa-ra, v. to be hard, as flint to canker, to rust. da V. to contract a, word. da da kpS, ni-gi (igi), v. to heat with a stick, to cudgel. da to adhere, join, da da v. kp5, kp5-in6, nl-kpa (ikpa), v. to cause division or strife,
.
. .
mingle. da-kti,
V.
v.
to
to faint, to be at the to
point of death.
da-ni
lo-dzQ. (odiu),
v.
to
make one
it,
certain:
da-kur),
dfi.
dfi,
withhold.
thread.
confident as to its
dS.-kiir(, V.
. . .
to reel
. . .
ku-ro, V. la-da-dzO.
to release,
(li),
acquit
da
n5,
v.
to
aivay, waste
nwor)
to-
v.
to over-drive, as to
flock.
dfi
la-ga
(li
aga), v.
weary.
day.
DAN
dfi.-nil (enu), v.
26
DI
dar),
to he fluent, talkative. de, prep, for, ready for, to. to he slip- d6, V. to hind, shackle: de mo, to bind smooth, hright, as metal as a road ; to polish ; to he good, all right. de-bi-kpa (da ebi), v. t. to starve. pery,
V.
to he
to.
c"ai),
a sign of interrogation
?
iwo
m6
dai)
all, every.
know
rightly, properly,
to
dar)-dar), n.
a
n.
v.
talc mirror.
conclude a bargain,
dar)-ka-re,
,dar)
. .
soldiers.
to try, to
de-ke
tempt
; to
(da), v.
to invent or tell
lie.
'wd,
consult
an ora- de
la-de
divine.
to he
"
(li
ade), v,
to
to
crown,
d9.-ra
(iini),
v.
de de
. . .
Lb-na
(ona), v.
v.
v.
withstand, oppose,
m6-16,
(yna),
to cover
up,
:
da-ra-da-ra,
ner, well.
n.
d6-na
de-ri
de, to lie
(ori),
d6na
dd.-rai) (oral)),
v.
to transgress, to
de-ti.
See
da-r3.r)-da-r9.r), n.
cattle-driver,
to
v.
to
prohibit
on
de
religious
da'-ra-ya
merry.
(araya), v.
make or
de,
V.
to
da-ri (d^ ori), v. to lead, to drive. da-ri dzi (dari and di\,far), v. to forgive, da-ri . dzo, v. to assemhle, to meet.
. . .
. .
dog
d6,
V.
after ; de
si,
to set
grow negligent,
(see
to
mitigate,
as
pain
d5
. . .
li
ara
d6
. . .
da-ro di-ro
(ar6), v.
(aro), v.
to
dye
hlue.
lara).
to grieve, to feel
Aa.-Ta.,v.
to stir
a confused manner.
to pronounce guilty, to condemn. near hy, at hand : hdio su dede, the clouds are dark and low, i. e. near the earth,
ebi), v.
da-ru-da-kp5, da-ru-kp5,
confusedly.
v.
to
mix or
v.
to fish
with a
net.
de-dza
entirely:
(edza), v.
(aida),
v.
to fish. to
da-ru-da-ru, adv.
da-ru-g'b6
da-sa,
n.
V.
ikuku bo
ilu
mole de-dza'
hunt
ivith
a dog.
grow or
and
stop.
he old.
coarse cloth.
in the
da-sa,
da-se
(ese), v.
off.
going to a place
to cease,
d6-kur)
forbear
(da.
ekui)), v.
let
dekuq
leave
! desist!
me
alone !
da da
... si, V.
. .
.
to
intermeddle
v.
to reserve, to spare.
;
si-le
(ile),
to
to set
v.
a rape
snare.
to relieve, to
make comfort-
able.
da
s6,
V.
to talk
ahout, mention.
d6-n6
de-ra
(in6), v. soft
to fast,
da-sfi., V.
to
d.-sa,
('.
der)-gf, n.
mush.
to he negligent, slothful.
(ara), v,
da
se,
V.
de-re-d6-re, adv.
loosely hanging.
be terrible
:
da-so-bd
(aso), v.
n.
de-ru de-ru
de-se dS-se
(eru), v.
to
6 deru
si
mi,
it
is
dau-du,
da-Avir)
dfi.
. . .
eldest son
to
terrible to
(di),
me.
v. to v.
(awii)), n.
V.
pay hy
an
instalments.
'WO,
to consult
oracle, to inquire
gods.
to
da-'Wd
to
(ovvo), V.
to contrihwte, to
dawo
(dil Pse), v.
(eti),
v.
to
to
combine in a scheme.
to lay hands on, undertake, da-vrti (owu), V. to reel or wind thread, da-ye-16. See diyele.
dS-ti,
V.
to be difficult, to fail in
an attempt.
de
"wd.
See dai)w6.
di, V.
de,
to
V.
to
come
to,
to cheu)
to
wear, as a hat
ba mi
.
coagulate, to groio
deficient, to lack
:
to he
;
to the
gate
de
li
ade
6 di edzl,
.
.
di
. .
li
odiu
(see di
lodzu).
See
dii).
DI
di, V.
to be, become, to be
is growing
fi
27
changed: 6
till it
DUll
.
ijdi
arugbo di-ye-le, f
d6,
ti
to set
a price
16h, he
titi
old
V.
to
encamp,
to cohabit
do
di isisiyi,
;
till
now
(lit.
made
to betill
ka,
to
encamp
against, to besiege.
come now)
it
6 di ola, loait
;
till
to-morrow
(lit.
do-do,
n.
a room
nwoq
loh,
in a Louse.
d6-d6, do-do-d6,
:
n.
truth, righteousness
&c dodo-
di
prep,
di
li
mcdzi
do, to be upright.
do-dzu-bo-lS,
ground,
to
V.
to
turn
the face
towards
the
hang down
to
v.
the head.
dl-bo
di-da,
(di), V.
n.
to cast lots. is
do-dzu-de, v. do-dzu-kd-do,
is
:
down
which
made, which
dida
tate, 2ionder.
do-dzu-ti,
abash.
V.
to
make ashamed,
to
put
to
shame,
to
di-de,
V.
to arise.
d6-gi-ri,
v. V.
to gallop. to
dl-di, n. di-di, n.
which
the
V.
V.
.
is
bound, wreathed.
Sec
di.
do-go-tl,
dun.
game of drafts.
cause war, to become a fight. emulate.
disappointed, mistaken
it
:
do-gur),
V.
to rust.
di-dzd^
to
dom-dom-ai-ye
of
life.
(dSij doi)), n.
comforts, luxuries
di-dze,
di-dzi,
to complete, to
V.
to be afraid, to be
do-ri-kd-do
do-de,
(ori).
See dodzukodo.
v.
mo
didii baba
mi
ni,
thought
was
my father,
di-dzu,
dl-6, n.
V.
to be entangled.
little,
do-do, adv.
v. to establish, con-
a few, some.
di
firm.
di-fe,
V.
to cry, as
any beast or
pleasant ;
doij,
bird.
to
dbr),
to wait.
to be sweet,
:
to affect
pleasantly or
i.
di-gba-ro,
di-gba-ti,
di-gi, .
v.
remain standing,
till.
conj.
di-gbo-se, adv.
my mind is pleasant, e. / am jjleased ; ino d<)q mi, my belly aches or pajws me ; in& mi d8i) si 1 am pleaded with him (Mat.
painfully
ino
mi
i,
3,
17)
ki
n.
v.
li
di-go, n.
da....
a breech-cloth.
to gird.
doQ-doi),
thee.
ha'-mo-ra,
ka-lfe, V.
dor)-m6,
dtl, V.
dCl, V.
t.
di
to establish,
confirm.
to be black.
:
di-kpa-ra, v. See dakpara. di la'-mu-re (li), v. to gird. to deafen, to refuse di le-ti (li), v.
. .
. . . .
6 dh mi
li
owo,
to hear,
du-bu-l,
a-bed.
to lie
down
dubule
aroij, to be sick
di-le,
V.
to be dilatory, at leisure.
(li),
di di
le-ru
v. v.
to enslave. to chain.
. . .
le-'wor)
(li),
du-du, n. du-dze, V.
blackness.
See didze.
n.
di-lo-dzH
dl-lu,
V. V.
V. V.
V. (li),
to tangle, to blindfold.
di-in6,
or cling
du-kpe,
V. v.
to
thank.
to slander,
di-m5, di-mu,
du-lu-ni6,
dtir), dill).
to hold,
to block
(ni),
v.
See
d6i], dSi).
effort to
di-na, di-nl-bo
V.
up
to
prevent falling
when
tiri
di-nl-gbe-sir)
dir), di, v.
(ni), v.
V.
to stand, to wait,
;
stay
.
dnro
duro,
ti,
duro
to bake,
mu
:
to
make or
play
the
cause to stand.
to consjnre, to
di-ror)
(^vovi),
du-ru,
a
li
violin,
a guitar
li\
duru,
to
violin ;
the harp.
(Ps.
di'-si-si-yi, adv.
till
now, hitherto,
49,4.)
di-ti
(cti), V.
to be deaf.
du-ru-du-ru,
God).
di-'w6,
V.
to be in
a strait or difficulty.
D^A
dza,
V.
28
a rope
;
DZI
soot.
v.
to jerk, to break, as
;
to
break
to
loose,
dza-r)ka.--w5, n.
to be
as a horse
to snatch, to
;
drop from
aloft,
find dza-re,
if
out a thing
to
you please.
V.
dza-si,
rage,
drop into
to.
to be or act
fight,
quarrel,
strive ;
to
as
as
storm
dza
ole, to steal ;
nwoij dza a t9
bfile loh,
. . .
dza
ti-l&
(ti ile),
v.
to cast
down.
they dragged
(see
him
to
the
governor
dza
li
ole
dze-gbe-dze-gbe, adv.
dze-ni-a-dz6-ni-a,
n.
childishly, foolishly.
dza
V.
v.
. .
.lole).
to to
a cannibal.
dza-l)5,
escape by struggling.
dza-de,
go out ;
afara), v.
adv.
dz6-re,
:
V.
to
out, forth
diade
dz-re-dz6-re, adv.
turn out
! to be slow, to loiter.
dza-fa-ra (die
dzS.-gai),
dzS.-gbfi,
servants,
V. V.
dze, V. to be, to act in a capacity : bi Ol9rui) ba die kpelu m\,-if God shall be with me.
to be to
rough, harsh.
die,
V.
to eat, to
consume
to
to otoe ; to
to deserve, to to reply, to
perform a job (applied to pawnwho must do jobs for the pawnee, when
confusedly.
perform,
;
make ;
to be
deliver (a message)
will,
fu, to
to let or
permit,
to be ivilling,
called on).
would;
. .
to
mean, as a word,
;
named : die
. .
dzfi.-gba-dza-gba, adv.
die
li
eri (see
dza-gi-di-dza-gar),
17, 5)
;
n.
die
base conduct.
dzd.-gu-dS.-kpa-ll, adv.
dzfi.-gu-du,
V.
quietly,
still.
be guilty, to be
condemned.
to
dza-gur),
v.
to fight, in
war;
n.
n.
title.
dzfi.-h.ir)-dza-hir(, adv.
dze-dze-dze, adv.
dzai-ye
dza-ka,
(die), v.
to
dze
vagantly.
n.
gbe-se.
loafer.
(li
a mug.
v.
dze-hur)
feed on.
(oliui)),
v.
to eat
diehui) lara
ar4), to
dza-ka-di,
dza'-ka-re,
to wrestle.
n.
v.
soldiers.
to contradict, oppose.
dza-ko-ro,
dze-ka, v. dze-la-ra
dze-le-ri
to
ara), v.
to feed on. to
v.
dza'-ku-ni6,
n.
a leopard.
V. to
v. (li ori),
(li
bear witness.
to
dz9.-kui) (okui)),
break a rope,
break
loose.
dze-lo-"we
owe),
aid in work.
afflict.
DzS.-ku-ta
Sarjgo, the
(okuta), n.
the stone-caster, a
name
of
dze-ni-ya
dz6-ri,
v. v.
(iya), v.
to
punish,
god of thunder.
by fighting,
to
See
to
die-leri.
dza-ld.,
v.
to escape
fight one's
way dz^-rur),
dze-iir),
devour.
V.
See diehui).
*'
v.
to steal, pilfer.
(li
dze-"W9 (9^?)?
to
^^ confess.
dz^
le-ka-na
(il6),
ekana),
v.
pinch, to scratch.
dza-le
the
v.
to
go through
;
the country ;
adv.
dzi, dzi,
V. V.
to steal. to
to
ground
.
(see koro)
dzf, dzll),
dza dza
l-nu
Id-le
to
(li
enu),
v.
to
thoroughly. wean.
knock
awake, awaken, quicken, frighten. to fall into a hole, to tap a cask, to V. to be deepi, obscure, or hard to understand,
:
to be distant
dii
li
lese).
v. (li ole),
to steal from.
dzi
di-de,
n.
v.
dead.
dz3.-lil, V.
attack by surprise.
soldier.
dzi-dza,
dzi-dzft.
which
dza-ma,
n. n.
See di4.
v.
dza-iuba,
damage, violence
to.
ba ni diamba,
to
dzi-dza-du,
dzi-dze,
n.
to
assault, to
do violence
v.
food.
See die.
dza-na
in
(ona),
to
one''s
. . .
position.
reach the road, to be reasonable dzi-dzii) (dii), n. depth, distance, lowness. n. resemblance. See dio. dzi-dzo,
to release
ni-de
(ni ide), v.
one by force.
dzi-dzu,
n.
which
(die),
v.
is cast, etc.
See diu.
ni-ko-ro
ni-yar)
(enu), v.
(ikoro), v.
to
to contradict.
dzi-gbe-se
to
go in debt, to owe.
fruitful.
(iyaij), v.
dispute with.
dzl-gbi-ni, adv.
dzi-goQ-ror),
v. v.
abundantly
to deliver
dza-nu
to boast.
to be deep, as
pit.
dzi-hir)
(di;e),
inessage,
to
answer
for an
offence.
dza-Qgbo-ro,
n.
the knee-cap.
dzi-ka-nu
(Nnfe), n.
brick.
DZI
dzi
to
. . .
29
EGB
E.
le-se
(li
ese), v.
to
supplant.
. . .
dzl
le-S (e^e),
n.
v.
to strike
with the
fist.
dzi-mi-dzi-mi, adv.
gorgeously.
e,
a prefix, having
the
?
e, interrog. d, adv.
what
why
?
;
and
prefix,
un-
hmh, unknown
ending in
:
'
dzi-na
(ona),
v.
to he far off.
dead.
pron.
se
e,
him, her,
it,
it,
after a verb
'
;
as,
to steal
and
conceal
diindi dzindi
do
kpo
e, call
him.
to be thievish.
6-be, n.
to be deep, abstruse, to deliver
hill to
plant yams in
:
k6
5be, to
make
yam-
(ni ile), v.
i^e), v.
dzi-se (die
mediator.
a message,
mysterious. to act as a
yam-hills.
e-be, n.
yam-parings a journey
:
fl
ebe fu
eraij,
give the
dzi-ya
dict,
(iya), v.
e-bi, n.
mo
vh ebi,
/ went
9,
a journey.
;
dzi-yar)
(iyaq),
to be careful,
anxious
to contra-
e-bl, n.
hunger
ebi kpa,
hunger afects
ebi
gkpa
deny.
i.
mi,
/ am
dz6, dzd,
V.
V.
to dance, to to leak, to
whirl ;
to
burn.
hungry.
e-bi, n.
6-bi, n.
drop, as water.
vomit.
dzo-fo-lo, n.
a kind of cap.
a question, interrogation
bi
It
h\>\,
ask
dzo-gnr) (oguij), v. to inherit, possess. dzo-ko, V. to sit, dwell, abide : dioko de mi, wait
for me.
him.
e-bi-ll-si, n.
6-bo,
to
i.
n.
e'-bo-lo, n.
bum.
to
e-bu,
e-bu,
n.
71.
dzo
ni-rur),
v.
v.
v.
a crossing mildew.
curse, abuse.
dzo-rar),
.to
d-bu,
dzo-rur),
to
dzo-'we-re
(dza), v.
small yams to plant, yam-plantings, a landing-place, wharf: omi bo ebute e'-bu-te, the water covers the wharf. m9le,
n. n.
dzo-vru
(die owu),
v.
dzo-ye
dzo,
V.
(dze eye),
to be
to be
a ruler,
to
govern.
:
dio
a crawfish, a prawn. a language, a nation : emi 9 gbo 6-de, do not understand thee.
e-de, n.
n.
fede rB,
my neck
let
alone ; dio
r,
e-di, n.
e-dl, n.
6-di, n,
deficiency.
idi.
me
alone.
dzo-ba
(dze 9ba),
v.
to reign, rule.
dzo-dzo, adv. very, greatly, loell. dzo-l& (die), v. to enjoy an honor due dz6-15, n. a long-necked calabash.
to
another.
e-dl-di, n. -do-16, n.
e-dfi, n.
v.
to let,
permit
to let alone.
to let alone.
to release, dismiss.
dzo-'WO-lo-'W9,
v.
dzu,
dzfl,
V.
to
be toorm-eaten, as
wood;
surpass.
to
take
tting.
v.
6-dzi-kfi, n.
to cast, to
the shoulder.
throw
to
In compa- 6-dzi-kar), n.
(See Gram.
e-dzi-lfi,
thief,
a robber.
rison, more,
207.)
more than,
above, very.
num.
twelve.
:
6-dzo,
V.
n.
a snake
edio
li
dzu-ba,
to respect, to
sonous.
confusedly,
e-dzo-no
(ino), n.
an
n.
intestinal
worm.
e-dzu-dzu,
n.
a kind offan.
an armlet.
tobacco of native manufacture.
together.
e-ga-ke, e-gi-ni,
cgakc, do not
tickling
mah
rir)
9m9
II
dzu-ku,
dzu-n6, dzu-re,
n.
dzu-in5, adv.
V,
v.
e-gba-y a,
to lose, to be lost.
n.
a pole
to
throw away,
V.
e-gbe,
n.
to point, direct,
show how
to do,
e-gb, n.
e-gbe-re,
e-gbir), n.
egbe ni fa o
spirit.
damn
thee !
dzu-"w6
(6w6),
to beckon.
n.
a kind of evil
a kind of antelope.
EGB
e-gbix), n.
filth.
30
e-le-gbe, n.
in chorus.
;
KRI
an
n.
who responds
e-gbo,
11.
bran,
husk of grain.
e-gbO,
n. n.
boiled maize,
hominy
toughness.
e-le-g6-de,
e-le-ke,
n.
a pumpkin.
liar.
h-gbo,
a root
sore, ulcer.
tick.
e-gb6r), n.
a flea, a
only.
e'-ge-de, adv.
e-gi-ni.
e-gi-ri, n.
despiser.
See egake.
chilliness
:
which
is filthy, filthiness.
egiri
mu
mi,
/ am
chilly.
e-gurj, n.
an
im.precation.
e-16-se, n.
e-le-so, n.
which
is fruitful,
fruit-bearing.
e-16-su, n.
e-le-ti, n.
e'-gu-re, n.
e-gu-rir), n.
village.
dirt, filth.
much ?
in price
elo yi
hoio
much
oLui)
for
;
this ?
a tooth a
ehiij
okii;)kag,
a front tooth
h-\o, n.
elo,
use
ehiijdSri, toothache.
vessel.
e-ho-ro,
n.
rabbit.
e'-lu-b9, n.
yam-flour.
I,
e-hu,
71.
e-h\l, n.
a sprout, blade of young grass. which is old and stale. a white man. a wart.
e-mi, pron.
me
I myself.
e-mi-ni,
e-in6,
n.
e'-i-bd, o'-i-b6, n.
ei-di, n.
em6
agbo, a
young
sprouts.
6-kar), n.
e-ke,
n.
large kind of bur. d-md, n. which is unknown, strange ; a monster, a wonder ; fem6 de loni, a wonderful thing has hap-
e-na, e-na,
e-ni,
visit.
warp-pins of a loom.
See
e-k6,
w.
which
e'-ko-lo, n.
the earth-worm.
ft
e-ko.
See oruko.
n.
ti.
to price or quantity, something a message. a human being, person ; mankind, people. e'-ni-a, n. a kind of antelope. n. e-ra, i-ra, a small black ant. e-r3., n.
6-ni, n.
added
e-kpa,
e-kpe,
a crust.
e-x&i).
See IrAq.
crab-grass.
inflection.
6-rar), n.
6-r^l), n,
e-r, n. e-rh, n.
an imprecation.
jin image
';
ere
e^iij,
a kind of antelope.
the gait of
hilt of a
a horse.
to
a knife-handle, a
;
e-re, n.
why
a region of coun- e-re,
ask
ere idi re
e-kui), n.
try.
protracted sickness
n.
6-re, M.
the knee.
on money
e-kur), e-ku-rur), n.
crop
die
ere, to gain.
?.
e'-ku-ro, n.
e-ku-ru,
e'-ku-ru,
n. n. .
n.
e-re-k-re,
e-re-ko,
n.
e-re-k6-ti, n.
a dunghill.
dust.
the
a hamlet.
n.
e-kH-ru,
e'-ku-te,
mange.
e-re-ku-su,
e-re-ni,
?.
an
island.
rat.
the fourth
day hence
i)
6 loh
li
ereni,
e-ku-ya,
e-le, n. e-16, w.
n.
a pot-herb. on a wall
/ will go four
e-ri, for ori, n.
;
a course or
tools,
layer,
;
an eminence ;
;
e-ri, e-rip, n.
iron
toeapons
interest
on money
ele
to
6-ri-gi, n.
e-rii), n.
arms !
ERI
S-riq.
31
e-VTU,
n.
EDi;
danger
:
See
cri.
e-rirj-mi
e-ro, n.
e-r6, n.
6-ro, n.
vice,
(omi), n.
the river-horse,
;
hippopotamus.
gerous.
e-"WTi, n.
a caravan
nit.
a percussion-cap, a
consideration
;
lucifer match.
telling ;
^-"WU-tSl, n.
a relation or
de-
g-vru-rS, n.
goat.
thought.
S-wu-ro,
n.
a pot-herb.
e-ro, n.
e-rtl, n.
n.
a funnel, lamp-filler.
deceit, craft.
5-ru,
this : cyi ti, this or that which ; ? eyi na, this, that, the same ; cyi ti ri ? why that : cyini ni, that is, e-yi-ni, pron.
e-ru-ku-ku,
e'-ru-kpe,
e-rur), n.
n.
the
tame pigeon.
e-yir).
See
eliiij.
dust, earth.
ant. ant.
e-yl-ta-"wl-yi
(ti a),
adv.
an
a cat
directly, immediately.
e-sa, n.
e-se, n. -se, n.
6-se, n.
e-si, n.
a small red
;
e-yo,
M.
a pod of okra,
E.
e,
e-SO, n.
e-s5l), n.
frxiit,
a reply. a
a prefix.
yes.
ye,
See
a.
seed-vessel of
any kind.
e, adv. ,
^,
See he.
you.
it.
:
^071.
pron.
e-su, n. -SU,
M.
him, her,
a payment
nausea
:
to the funds
of a
club.
e-l)a, n.
e-stl, n.
sugar-cane grass.
e'-su-e, n.
kpa
li
csue, to nauseate.
li
eba,
e-su-ru,
n. n.
a small
bitterish
yam.
entreaty, supplication.
e-SU-SU,
leech.
e-M-ri, n.
e-bi-ti, n.
a large quiver. a
a trap, an insecure crag, or the like. the sacrifice : ebo alakoto, the sacrifice in
i.
e-bo, n.
e-siri-sir), w. e-stl, n.
a fiy.
basket or vessel,
e.
human
sacrifice.
when winged.
E-bo-r9,
&-b6-t9,
n.
n.
a name q/"Egui)gui).
coto-dung.
;
6-SU, n.
e-su-su.
See esusu.
n.
e-bu,
times.
n.
an abode
See ebu. a
n.
kiln, a furnace,
e-su-"wa,
e-ta, n.
e-te, m.
e-t, M.
e-ti, n.
.
former
e-bti, n.
a crosswise
direction.
e-bur).
S-bir), n.
gift, present.
6-bu-ru,
:
an ear ;
n. (ile),
edge,
proximity
fi
cti
si
ti
emi,
e-da, n.
e-dfi,
n.
;
:
afiower.
hear
e-ti-le
m ;
eti igor),
a corner, angle.
:
a creature
creation
;
instinct,
vicinity, nearness
wa
li etile,
he
nature
a kind of rat
interest
on
was near.
e-ti-ri, n.
money
numbness.
e-dS.-16
se eda,
n.
to create.
(il6),
deceiver, traitor.
staff.
e-ti-ri, adv.
why ?
See
eyi.
e-dar), n.
the
Ogboni
e-ti-he, adv.
6-de, n.
which
e-tu, n. e-tu, n.
n.
a discovery.
e-df-gba-rir), num.
seven thousand.
sixteen.
out.
e-di-n6-gur), nmn.
e-d6-gur), num.
e-d.6, n.
6-tu-tU, n.
pacification, reconciliation.
fifteen.
:
e-'We,
child.
ed6
fofo,
e-vrfe, n.
leaf, herb.
irascibility.
e-TVfe-b^ (^be),
n.
e-we-ke-Ave,
n. n.
an esculent herb of any kind. a leaf or herb of any kind. a garden herb of any kind.
?
e-dor), n. e-d6r),
n.
a kind of monkey.
sweetness; grief (aoo doq) ; a hatchet to one of twins
;
:
e-wS-ko
e-Avi, n.
(oko),
insanity.
sigh.
e-'Wd, pron.
e-dza,
the
n.
a fish.
blood
:
e-AWO,
n. n.
time, season
ewo odzo,
6-W9,
man.
EDZ
e-dzo, num. eight. e-dz6, n. a criminal matter ; dispute
edzo,
to
;
.
.
32
e-gbir), n.
filth.
ELA
n.
harm
li
da e-gb9r),
to
an
elder brother,
is
a male
to be
relative.
judge, as a magistrate
da,
edi8,
fegboi), n.
which
shaken or
shaken
Sgbofl
condem,n.
ee-di-n6-gur), &c.
e-fk,
owu, cotton whipped with a bow ready for spinning. e-gbo-ro, n. the young of cattle : egb9ro malii, a
calf.
num.
six.
e-f&, n.
e-fe, n.
a kind of trowsers.
fault-finding, -accusation.
e-ge, n.
e-gi, n.
;
a snare, a trap a
dog''s collar.
brittleness.
6-fe, n.
to
jest,
mockery
smoke.
se efe, to jest
se |fe
si,
e-gu,
n.
a seat in a
for beasts.
tree
on which a hunter
sits
to
mock,
ridicule,
watch
e-fi, e-fir), n.
e-gtlr), n.
e-fo, n.
greens, pot-herhs.
egui) ikoko, a
a close-fitting garment. e-fo-ko (ok9), n. shipwreck. e-hfi., n. a corn-husk ; footstalk of a palm-leaf ; a e-hii), n. the back, hinder part ; the last of a series e-foi), n. the outside of a town the top of crossbow arrow : efoi) iha, a rib. anything in a
; ;
e-f 5r),
n.
buffalo.
vessel
asa,
absence
ehii)
li
e-fu-fu, n.
e-fur), n.
n.
wind,
breeze, air.
a remnant of cloth
li
in the
loom; A 6
e-ga,
^-ga,
n.
a grasshopper.
ehiq Ol9rui), we have no power loithout (or apart from) God ; se e li ehii) mi, do it in my absence ; wo ehiij, to look after one who is
agbara
e-gai), n.
forest.
thick forest
egai)
osusu, a thorny
walking away.
e'-i-ye, n.
rebellion, revolt.
S-gar),
n.
contempt,
reproach,
blasphemy
s6ro
ei-y6, n.
bird.
;
egai), to
blaspheme.
e-ka,
n.
a band, ring
adv.
once
:
e-ga.X)-Ta.i), n.
unripe fruit.
is
the collar-bone.
e-gba,
n.
n. n. n.
which
the
swept.
e-kar),
li
ekaij,
ti
imme-
e-gba,
E-gta,
6-gba,
diately,
it
formerly
mo
se
ekaij,
have done
once.
the palsy.
e-kar), n.
sourness.
e-gba, num. two thousand. e-gba-dze, num. fourteen thousand. e-gba-dzl, num. four thousand. e-gba-dzo, num. sixteen thousand.
e-gba-fa, num.
twelve thousand.
e-ke,
n.
e-k, n.
e-ko,
n.
indulgence to inferiors, confidence. a beam, joist, rafter ; the trigger of a gun. sour mush of maize.
e-k6, n.
which
is
hard, as
fruit.
e-k6,
n.
doctrine.
e-gba-ra,
n.
a kind of rat.
eight thousand. ten thousand.
e-gba-rir), nmn. e-gba-ruQ, num. e-gba-sar), num. e-gba-ta, num. e-gba-"wa, num.
e-ko-k-ko, n. superstition, false doctrine. which fills up, fulness, a supplement. e-k6r), n.
e-k5r), n.
a grumbling, murmuring.
the
e-kpa,
n.
ekpa
roro,,
twenty thousand.
the oily
mealy pea-nut.
e-gbe,
n.
pany, society
nations.
testicle.
e-kpo-ro,
five thousand.
n.
e-gbe-d6-gur), num.
e-gbe-fa, num.
twelve hundred.
by
the thousand.
e-kut), n.
cessation, prohibition,
to cease ;
door, shutter
to forbid,
da
ekur),
da
li
ekui),
pro-
hibit ; se ekui),
e-kfl.r), n.
ha
num.
eight hundred.
a
n.
crying, weeping.
ivaste jjlace.
num. twenty-eight hundred. e-gbe-rur), num. one thousand. e-gbe-sar), num. eighteen hundred.
e-gbe-rir)-lfi,
e-kur), n.
a leopard ; a region, a
the herb Cleome.
al,
e-ku-ya,
el, ele,
(see
(kc.
ala),
prefixes,
e-gbe-sir), n.
nettle-rash.
owner,
e-l&, n.
e-gbe-ta, num.
six
hundred.
twenty-six hundred.
which
detachedportion,
e-gb6-ta-l&, num.
fragment.
ELE
6-11-1)6, n.
33
e-ni, pron.
ESO
vited ; eni kaij,
a pleader, advocate.
n.
e-le-b6-to,
e-le-da, n.
e-le-de, n.
cow-dung.
creator.
a person, oiie : eni ikpe, one who is insome one, anyone, the only one;
eni kedii,
eni
ti
a da
the next
person
a smoker, a
a despiser,
scoffer.
e-nu, n. a mouth, opening : enu kokoro, the beak of a bird ; enu ikpa, the mouth of a river ; enu ona, a gate, door; enu osqrq, eaves of a house ; enumira, my appetite fails or is bad ; enu mi ^i, my appetite is
e-le-gbfi, n.
helper, deliverer.
good ; enu mi
ye,
ya,
:
/ am
astonished.
ej]jii)
e-lS-gba,
n.
ei)-yir), pron.
eijyir)
you
egyii) nd,
ara
jgyifl,
e-le-gba-ra,
e-le-gbe, n.
e'-le-ge,.
the devil.
tikard
n.
e-rag,
meat, flesh
;
eraij nl4,
a cow
eraq
fui),
a kind of bufalo
erai)
e-le-go-do, n.
e-le-k6'-re-de,
n.
which
is
weak, infirm.
;
shokana, a carnivorous animal; eraqar4, man'' sflesh. the temple of the face. B-T&I), n,
e-le-kug,
a weeper, mourner
figuratively,
a e-rar)-ko (oko),
n.
a wild a cow.
beast,
a brutish person.
daughter.
e-rari-lfi. (nl4), n.
e-le-la, n.
a kind of soft maize. a bank, gully, mire, bog. 6-re, n. a part or portion. the cheek, jaw-bone. e-re-ke, n. e-lS-mi (emi), n. one who has breath ; a servant, so e-re-rii), num. by fours.
e-le'-kpe-re, n.
called because his master's
life is
in his hands.
e-rl,
n.
witness,
testimony
gba
se
eri, to
take
e-le-mo,
e-le-no,
e-le-ri
n.
a palm-wine dealer.
n.
as a pledge. in dress.
e-rir),
e-le-mb-so,
n.
one
who
is tasteful
e-ler)-ga, w.
a spider. a grasshopper.
num.
from
e-rir), n.
e-rlr), n.
(number
laughter.
of) times
li
n. (eri),
an
eye-witness.
relates to the feet:
e-le-se, n.
e-rir)-lfi,
num.
fourteen.
elese merirj,
feet,
a quadruped j e-ro,
n.
6-ro, n.
e-rtl, n.
softness, gentleness.
e-16-se, n.
who has
sin,
a sinner.
e-le-sir) (esiij), n.
a horseman.
e-rCl, n.
e-le-tai), n.
a dissembler.
6-ru, n.
despised ;
ridi-
who
is scorned,
e-rtl-bi-ri (obiri), n.
e-iHi), n.
to
e-rur), n.
e-sSr), n.
dry
nine.
e-le-"w3. (ewa), n.
a handsome person.
is
6-sar),
num.
e-le-'wor), n.
who
chained, a prisoner.
another, others.
e-se, n.
6-se, n.
a row, order.
afoot, track, course. num. nine by nine.
e-lu, M.
e-se-sai),
e-ltl-lu, n.
a thrush. a mouse.
twice.
S-s-se, n.
an orderly manner.
shame, ridicule
;
e-lu-ru, n.
e-si, e-sir), n.
secret.
S-SO, n.
that which has
carefulness, gentleness.
six times.
li
e-s5r), e-Silr), n.
an
e-me-ta-lo-kar) (meta
okai)), n.
e-s, n.
bloto
the trinity.
n.
n.
sin, guilt
oba, treason.
the shea-tree, itsfruit, the butter
e-mi,
n.
(ina), n.
coals of fire.
6-nii, M.
breath,
life, spirit.
e-se-ri, n.
rancidity.
a horse a spear.
gui]
esii), to
ride on horseback ;
disgrace.
;
as,
de mi
e-Sir), n.
babd, for
e-ni, n.
baba mi
de.
e-so, n.
police.
a mat.
e-s6, n.
ETA
e-ta, n.
34
; ex-
FEK
(agbofl), v.
to
fa-gbor)
tension ;
sting.
three.
fa-giii), V.
to protract. to
e-ta,
h-tSL, n.
fil-kpa, V. a fragment of a corpse brought home to the f ^ 13, ti. fd... 16, V. over which funeral rites axe performed. family,
. . . .
num.
e-ta-la,
num.
thirteen.
g-tai), n.
deceit,
allurement
e-t, n.
disgrace, reproach.
leprosy, scrofula.
fS.
. .
in6-ra
(ara), v.
to embrace, to
hug, to cleave
^-te, n.
to.
e-te-ta,
6-ti, n.
num.
by a failure.
threes.
ffi-ra-hSr)
ffi-ra-kpfi,
ta.'-r2L-m.6
(fi
ar^), v.
to
become
visible, to
appear.
v.
(fi),
to hurt, to v.
wound.
e-t6r), n.
to adhere, to adjoin.
e-tu,
-tu, 6-tu,
n.
n.
n.
fa'-ra-"we,
emulate.
v.
to
compare,
make a
trial
of powers,
propitiatory sacrifice.
fi-ri, fa-ri,
fa-rd,
V.
to
n.
V.
display, parade.
to be sad.
(si
e-AvS, num.
e-weL,
n. n. n.
mind, intentions.
:
Ii
beauty, likeness
ew^,
to be beautiful.
fa
. .
se-hir)
;
ehiq), v.
to
draw
back, withdraw,
^-wa,
e-'we,
abstain
to
fa-t6-le, n.
a small
to
canoe.
aside.
S-vre, conj.
fa ...
fa-tu,
ti, V.
draw
fa-tl-la, n.
V.
a lamp.
to loosen,
a company, caravan.
hail.
fa
ya,
v.
to tear,
it
tore
my
V.
trowsers.
to
a a
thistle.
fa-yo,
draw
v.
out, extricate.
-wor),
n.
chain, bondage.
;
fe, adv.
fe-"WU, n.
which pleases
loose
garment,
shirt.
fe-bi-kpa
fe-fe, n.
to famish, starve.
:
e-"WTi-nl, n.
earth.
boasting
&e
Me,
to boast.
e-ya,
6-ya,
e-y,
n.
a kind of panther.
separation, contempt ;
fitness, worthiness.
fe-re, n.
asthma.
M. n.
division, tribe.
fS-re, n.
a fiute, pipe.
to sip.
f6-re,
to superiors).
v.
e-3rl, adv.
by males
fS-re-se, n.
fe-si
fe-ti
(fi
a window.
to reply.
v.
e-yll), n. B-yft), n.
6-yir), .
a palm-^ut
the eye-ball.
esi), v.
an
egg.
(fi eti),
(Gen. 21,
praise, that
which
is celebrated.
12.)
e-yir)-ko-lo, n.
little hills
e-yir)-n6-gi,
e-y6r), n.
n.
starch
fe, V.
to
to blow, fan:
fe 16h, to
blow away
; fe efesi,
toe-itch.
fS, V.
to
willing ; to woo,
f6,
v.
R
fa,
V.
to frown ;
enlarge
f|
li
fe-di.
to scrape, shave, toipe,
to
See
pluck
to
to prefer.
fe-dze
;
(idie), v.
n.
v. V.
fil, V.
to
creep, as
a melon-vine
:
fe-dze-fe-dze,
provender, food.
to accuse.
to
abate
fa,
li
eta^
fe-dzb-m6
(fi),
(see fa
letaij).
fe-dzO. (odzfi),
; exceed-
f&, adv.
ingly.
fe-dzu-fe-dzu, adv.
fe-fe, V.
frowningly.
to be few, to be near.
v.
fS-lja-da.
fll-da, n.
See 4bada.
(at
Ilorii)),
fe-fe
the aristocracy, the aristo-
(efe),
V.
to
fe-fa,
to betroth for
(fi
cratic quarter
of the town.
the
to
fe-hir)-ti
ehi;)),
to lean on,
to trust in ;
to
fa-da-ka,
n.
n.
v.
silver,
prop, support.
fe-i-dl, V.
to investigate.
to scatter, to strew.
fa-dze-re,
dawn.
f^-dzu-ro,
look sad.
fe-ka,
V.
FEK
ffe
.
. .
35
is
FIR
. .
.
kuij,
kui), V. / miss
to
miss what
book.
to
lost
mo
fe
iwe mi
fl fi
my
dzo-ye dzo-ba
n.
fa.
(die), v.
to
to
(die),
v.
fe-le, fe-le-fe-le, v.
fiat, thin.
fi-fil,
tearing, that
which
torn or to be torn.
See
(li
fh ..
fe
fe
. . .
le-fe
efe), v,
to accuse,
v.
fi-fa-yo, n.
fl-fl,
which
w.
is
lo-dzu
(li
odiu),
to choke.
flr)-flr),
dimness, twilight.
:
f-IU-fl-ni, n.
. . .
dry pea-hulls.
v. to court,
fi-fi, n.
ebo
f ifi,
nl-ya-^wo,
V.
woo.
off.
wave-offering.
fi-fo, n.
fe-n5,
to fan
(fi
or
which
which
V.
is is
broken.
See
See
f6.
f5.
fe-nu-ko
enu),
v.
v.
fi-f 5, n.
fi
.
washed.
to,
to reply, intermeddle.
fu,
to
give
endow
toith.
to be selfish.
fi-fli.
See
fuijfufl.
to be light, as to
weight.
fi
gbe,
V.
to give
up
to destruction, to destroy,
adv.
almost
fere
m4h,
with
difficulty,
fi-gbo-na,
fi
.
.
V.
to heat, to
to to
warm.
male.
suspend.
to
scarcely.
gTirj, v.
fe-re-fe-re.
fe-ri (ori),
v.
See
fefe.
fi
. .
ha,
V.
V.
to the
to cool the
fi fi fi
h&T),
kfi, V.
quire after.
fe-Sl, V.
to
. .
to
k6i),
V.
add
to
fi
omiraij
k6q
8,
ddd an-
fe
. . .
sd-na
to
v.
to betroth
ti fe
aya s5na, he
other to
.
it.
to suppose, to pretend, to mean fi . . kp^, V. (Gen. put, apply to a purpose. 33, 8) : nwoi) fi i kpe woli, they supposed him to be a prophet ; 6 fi axk rS kp6 :Qkaq, he pretended with, in, by, for, during : 6 & ida ^a fl, prep, he smote them, with a sword y fi i ^e baui), do to be something woi), great. thus with it; fi oruko oba, in the name of the fi... 16-16 (ilg), fi...l6, fi...si-le, V. to put
fi, V.
make ;
to place,
king ; ami wo li a 6 fi mo eyi ? by what sign shall we know this ? fi gbogbo odio, for or during the
down,
office.
leave, forsake
fi
oye
IS, to
abdicate, resign
whole day.
fl, V.
side.
fi
. .
.
fi
fi
l-lo-'WO,
V.
to deliver to.
to
11-kpo,
lo, V.
V.
to substitute.
fi
(il^), V.
:
ba-le
to
fi
down ;
to reject
agb9g
laid
to
fi fi fi
. . .
m6,
ni5,
to suspect, to
V.
V.
mo
i.
fi
dkh)
bale,
my
. .
mu,
ilS),
attach to, impute. cause to know, to show, inform of. to take hold of, grasp : fi ese mu ilu
to be established,
e.
.
/ rested, was
to
:
contented, satisfied.
;
(or
to
to
grow firmly,
V. (ilB), is
fi
Tjo, v.
dip,, to
soak
put into, to put on, as a garment fi oka bo di otxb, soak the corn
v.
fi
. .
inu-16
ilB
to establish,
confirm
till
mu
wayi, he
noio established.
morning.
fi
.
. .
fi-na, n.
(omi),
to
leather string.
v. (fe ina),
bo-mi
bu,
V.
dip,
to
blow the
fire, kindle.
neater.
fi...nij&.
to
Seefi-le-16.
fi fi fi
put on
v.
to accuse.
fix), V.
to
to
terminate, to be perfected
;
to discover ;
:
. .
bo., V.
engrave, embellish
fii),
to
be fine, nice
bo
li
da-le
(ile),
to throw, as to sit
to
abo
fir), V.
to
fi-di-ba-le
fi
. . .
(idi ilS), v.
v.
down.
to
to fill
dzfi-fa-ra,
slight,
treat with
dis-
fil)-dzu (odifi),
to be neat, tidy,
tasteful in re-
respect.
fi fi fi
. . .
gard
v.
to one's appearance.
dz9.-re,
to justify, in
a forensic sense.
fig-fir), n.
which
is carved,
engraved,
<tc.
See
fiij.
dze,
V.
to
flr)-flr), n.
fir)-rir), n.
dimness, twilight.
dze-bi
(ebi),
to
condemn,
to
to
regard as
a thread.
very (high)
:
guilty.
fi fi
. .
.
fi-O-fi-0, adv.
v.
il6
ga
fiofio, the
house
dze-AVO ai-ye,
dzi,
V.
condemn
sin,
to death.
fi to
is
. . .
very high.
to forgive, to
v.
remit
repeal a law.
to
ra-na.
See
fi
gbona.
fi
dzi-y9. (die),
to
punish,
give
up
fi-rax) (oral)), v.
fi
. .
to aggress, to seek
:
a quarel.
misery.
fi
. .
r,
(fi
V.
to
ri,
curse
to
be),
fire, to be accursed.
dz6-na,
v.
to
burn
fi
igi
diona,
bum
the
fi-ri
and
wood.
2)ass,
employed
in
FIR
diii fenia
firi
36
man), he
is
FUL
fo-rl-bo
(ori), V.
fo-ri-fui), V.
to to
4, 1.)
. .
ro, r9.
V.
to twist, to
sprain a joint,
fo-ri-tl, V.
endure, persevere.
See
V.
fina. to
fo-ro,
to
V.
fi
fi
ror),
chew,
fd-ya
fo,
V. V. V.
(aiya), v.
discouraged.
ru-bo,
V.
to sacrifice.
fi
S&Q, V. to value ; 6 fi dgutaq s4i) egba, he f6, valued the sheep at two thousand (cowries) ; fi . f6,
, . .
a vessel
;
to ache, as
the head.
wash, cleanse
to speak,
to
;
i.
e. to treat
f6-dzu
(odz(i), V.
to be blind. to speak.
to set
vaih
fi
9mo
sai)
owo
k4i],
do not f 6-hur)
(ohui)), v.
(fi),
f5-kar)-sl
earnest.
v.
the
heart on,
to
be in
si,
to
add
See
to, to
fi
. .
contribute.
le-15.
&...
fi
fi fi
. . .
ai-lh, V.
f5-kar)-sii),
f55-l (ile), n.
v.
si-n6
(ino), v.
to
sir) or sir)-sir), v.
fo
to
li-o-dzu.
See
f9
lodiu.
SO-1^
(ile), v.
to
dash down,
lo-dzu
(iln), V.
(li), V.
to blind,
put out
fo-lu
to destroy
a town.
s5r) or
se,
V.
siiX), v.
to accuse, to sue.
fo-na
(ina), v.
(fi),
fi fi fi fi fi
to
V.
appoint.
to ridicule, disgrace. to ridicule.
v.
f6-na-h9,r)
for), V.
to
show
se-eg,
.
to scatter, to
sow
press,
se-fe,
V.
se-le-ya,
SO-fo,
V.
to set
at naught.
to waste.
soundly (sleeping).
to soio seeds.
fi
fi
su,
V.
to deliver to.
V.
fog-gblr),
for)-ka,
V.
V.
su-ra,
to
to
treasure up.
fi-ti, V.
for)-kor),
to
discharge menses.
to blow a trumpet. crowd, as in a congregation.
V.
fi-ti-la, n.
fi
fl
.
a lamp.
V.
for)-kpa,
to choke.
. .
to-re,
to give,
to to
make a present.
; to
for)-kp5
for)-kp5,
indue
;
(ikpe), v.
V.
"We, "w6,
V.
V.
compare
w^rap up.
to
to
fi
put
for)
lo-roi)
(li),
to choke.
bait a fish
fi
. . .
hook.
f5-raQ-in6
to be
(orai)), v.
to accuse,
charge with.
ya-na.
V,
See figbona.
v.
fgT)-TU-gl>ii) (iru).
See foqgbiQ.
to touch, feel.
fl-ye-de-n6,
fi-ye-sl,
fo-'W9-ba
fo-'W9-ko,
(fi),
V.
to
attend
V. V.
to
go hand in hand,
beckon
to.
to
embrace.
fo'v.
fd,
V.
to be
empty, wasted,
lost ;
to feel bereaved.
fo-"W9-kpd,
to
to fly,
:
clouds
float.
jump, palpitate ; to break away, as f9-"W9-ra-nu aiyo fo mi, / at7i alarmed ; ib soke, to affliction.
fo-AVO-ta
v.
(fi),
(enu), v.
to be silent
under wrong or
V.
to
fd-dzi-s6r) (odii),
to
accuse of adultery.
fu,
V.
to
grow, as a plant.
for,
to, of,
fo-dzu-di
(odz<i), V.
v.
to be insolent. to squint.
by, with,
on account of:
fo-dztl-kar)-Av6,
mu
to
ii
fu mi, catch
;
it
for me
; so fu W95, speak
fo-dz<i-kp6,
V.
to
wink
at,
v.
fo-dzd-si, V. fo-dzQ.-s5-na
fo-dzti-tl,
V. V.
to
(si
look
them
li
r|
6 id
;
to
ona), abash.
cord
6 koq fii omi, it is full of water ; fu ara he did it of himself, or of his own acifefc I) mi fu afefe, a reed shaken by the toind ;
e,
odifi r
wnwo
fii
fo-dztl-to,
fo-fo, n.
to oversee,
superintend.
sleep ;
dio fu ay 5,
foam.
to
fd-fo,
V.
be
fQ,
adv.
fii,
ftir), V.
to give, to be white.
adv.
brightly, radiantly.
fll-dza,
to brag, to boast.
fd-ko-dza,
v.
to
fu-fu, fur)-fur), n.
2}ounded.
yams
f6-lo-f(5-lo, n.
an ungrateful person, an ingrate. fu-ke-fu-ke, adv. violently to be soft, as corn. empty, as an ear of corn. fVi-le, V. fo-ri-b9.-le (ori ile), v. to bow down, worship, fu-le-fu-le, adv. softly.
fS-re-si-gi, n.
fo-ri, V.
to be thin,
(palpitating).
submit.
fu-lu-fu-lu,
n.
dry corn-husk.
FUN
fur).
37
gba-di
(idi),
v.
GBA
to encircle the loins
Sec
fa.
or the hilt of a
pronounced
sword.
to be suspicious, to
fu-ra
fu-ra,
(arl), v.
to be pale,
do gba-du-a, gba-du-ra,
v. to
to
pray
to God.
wickedly.
n.
gba
beer
dU-Iu-mo,
n.
v.
v.
v.
slander.
gbfi.-dza-m6,
fHi-ru, adv.
silently, quietly.
gba.-dze (edie),
cup.
fu-te-fu-te, adv.
fu-ye,
V.
gba-dzo
;
(adio),
an assent-
to he better, in
bly.
sickness.
gba-e-ri-dze,
gb3.-gba,
n.
v.
to bear witness.
gba-gbar)'-di-di,
a
ga,
V.
gba-gba-ro,
n.
eaves of a house.
gba-gbe
to be high, tall,
(igbe), v.
V,
gba
!
gb6,
to believe, to obey.
ga, m.
a
!
title.
gb.-ge-de, n.
ga-bau'
interj.
wonderful
:
gbi.-gur) (og&i)),
to inherit.
gfi-ba-si, n.
the east.
gbdi, adv.
ka gafara
fii
loudly, noisily.
g&-fa-ra,
v.
an excuse
mi, excuse
me ; gbai-ye
gba-ko,
6.)
id gafara lodo woi), let them alcme. gfi-fa-ra ! interj. beware ! take heed ! (Gen. 24, ga-ga, adv. closely (crowded).
gba-kpe
gbfi.
. . .
(gba erukpe),
(li), V.
v.
to
make mortar.
1&, V.
ga-ga-lo,
n.
re.
stilts.
gba.. .la-ba-ra
gbfi.
. . .
13.-Avir)
(ile), V.
(il6),
v. (li),
goods.
ga-mu-ga-mu,
ga.-ni-g9.-ni, n.
n.
a tomahawk, battle-axe.
despiser.
n.
gba-l gba-lS
to
V.
gba.-16, V.
shield.
to
to sweep the ground or yard. spread over the ground, to extend, in-
ga'-ni-ki, ga'-ri-ki,
crease, fiourish.
. . .
to pierce, to stab ; to sew gar), V. coarsely ; to cut gba. hushes ; to take by little at a time ; to he upright, gba.
le-dze
(li),
v.
to bleed
v.
le-ri-dze
(li),
to
gba
:
. .
lo-dza
V.
(li),
v.
to
duro gag,
to
stand firmly.
to despise, revile.
to
take
away : 6 gba mi
my
(li),
cloth.
V.
gar)-gaQ,
gar)-gaQ,
n.
v.
gba
lo-^wo
erectness, perp>endicularity
osai)
gai)gai),
midday.
from
to
take
gar)-gar), adv.
gba
lowo mi, he deprived me of my child. to dash or cast upon the ICl, V. shore, as waves 6 gba 6ko It. okuta, it cast the ship upon
.
. .
See gagara.
the rocks.
farina.
gbam-gbam,
gba.
. . .
adv.
tightly,
to
saddle.
in6-ra
(ard), v.
to seize
g&-ri-ki, n.
shield.
gba
much fatigued.
mu,
V.
upon,
make a
pretext of.
ga-sa,
V.
to he tired out,
gSi-sa.] interj.
wonderful/ indeed!
to fioat
gaur), adv.
glja, V.
very (much).
fu, to
(Luke 11, 54.) gbar)-ga, n. a large room, hall, parlor. gbar)-gba, n. publicity, which is exposed
view.
v.
to
public
about lodiu
gba
permit
to
(li),
to
gba, adv.
loudly (slapping)
to
gba
v.
rd,
:
to relate in
behalf of one,
to
defend a
to
sound.
to receive, to
cause
gba
defend
my
cause.
gba,
V.
take,
to
;
take
away from ;
succor
;
gba
Sl-lS
to
hold, as a vessel
to assist,
to strain ;
to
wrap up
roomy
band.
;
to
to recreate,
fi
so-do (si), V. to receive into friendship. fiourish ; to consent : gba id4raya, gba amuse oneself; gba aye, to he large, gba to obey, observe a rule. se, v. odia ghk, to gird, encircle with a gba-ti, V. to crowd after one. '
.
gba-'we
(aiwe), v.
to
mourn,
to fast.
GBA
g"b3.-ye (^ye),
v.
38
roomy.
GBO
n.
to be broad, large,
to hire
gber)-gbe-gber)-gbe,
gb6-sar) (gba),
v.
largeness or bulkiness.
gbd.
"wQ,
V.
gbe,
to
V.
to be, to live, to
gb, gbd,
to perish, to
go
to be near, to
(it)
badie,
is
gbe-se (gbe), v. to step nimbly. gbS-se (gba), v. to sin. gbi-dza (gba), v. to assume a quarrel, to defend. k6 gbe gbi-gba, n. which is received, &c. See gba.
gbi-gbe,
n.
which
is exalted. is
understand a language. gbS-de (gb6), gbi-gbe, n. which is dry, dryness ; which ede gba yo), v. to interpret gbi-gbo-na, . which is hot, heat. gbe-de-gbe-yo (gba for persons speaking different languages. gbi-gb6, n. which is heard, hearing.
v.
hewn.
gbe gbe
. .
di-de,
du-ro,
v.
gbe-dze,
to
cause to
gbi-hir) (gb6),
v.
to
hear news.
v.
to
gbi-ke
(gba),
v.
to accept
a propitiation (applied
take comfort,
to idols).
gbi-kpe,
to raise
V.
to accept consolation, to
gbe
V.
to be
comforted.
to take one's place, to be substi-
gbi-kpo
to to
gbe-go
(ago), V.
dwell in a
tent, to tabernacle.
ha,
kfi,
v.
V.
gbi-le.
See gbale.
(gba), v.
to consider, advise, consult. to be
v.
to set
upon
gbe
on
gbi-m5
gbi-na
to
the fire.
. . .
(gba),
on fire,
ka-le,
v.
V.
to set
down,
glow.
v.
gbe-16 (gba),
.
.
to exact
. . .
Ig, V.
See gbe
(li),
gbi-ni-k6r),
flame.
gbil), V.
to
to fester, to be
. .
le-bu
le-ke,
v.
to
lay crosswise.
breathe heavily.
. . .
v.
to exalt, extol.
v.
gbiJ),
V.
to plant, sow.
16-rag
v.
(li),
to clear, acquit.
gbir)-gbi-ni-ki, n.
bulk, bulkiness.
to
swallow.
v.
to exalt oneself, to
vain.
gbe-r6,
V.
to
bid farewell.
to lift
gbi-ro. See gbero. to endure. be proud, gbi-yari-dzti, v. gbi-te (ite), v. to accept worship or caressing. gbi-ye-16 (iye). See gbakel6.
gbe-ri
(ori), v.
up
gbo,
gb6,
V.
to
bark as a dog ;
to
rub
gbo
eiij) li
ard,
gb6-ro
(gba), v.
jmrpose.
to be or
grow
the
old, to ripen, to be
tough : gbo
. .
ro,
V.
V.
to to
cause to stand,
erect, build.
loh, to
wax
old.
iH,
lay upon.
to
gbo'-do-gl,
M.
yaws.
to be bold,
.sar)-le, v.
.
dash down.
gbo-dzu
ground in order
a
bride, to
;
(odiu), V.
V.
impudent.
"wfth,
V.
to bring.
to raise from the
gbo-dztl-gba,
to
to be bold,
impudent.
look up.
wd,
V.
gbo-dzu-16,
V.
to be resolute, confident.
gbe-ya-'WO
gbe,
D.
(iyawo),
v.
to take
marry.
(okc), v.
all,
to
:
every
titi
gdiq gbogbo,
clumsily.
!
all
to be
dry;
a hen.
to sharpen,
whet
to carve,
hew;
to cackle, as
gbo'-gO-d6,
V.
to be v.
clumsy
to
;
:
adv.
gbe-du,
n.
a kind of drum.
n.
gbd-hui)
(gb6),
hear
gbohuq
hear ! an
gbe-du-gbe-du,
of water.
an
gbe-dze.
See gbadie.
ehii)), v.
v.
gbe-hir) (gbe
gbe-dz9
gbe-kar),
is sore
(gbo),
v.
to
to be stale, rancid.
v.
to contradict.
to feel sore
ar4 mi gbeka^,
my
body gbo-16-hur),
n.
V.
or aches.
to
gbdm-gbo,
le
gbo-mi-gbo-mi,
gbo-na,
V.
to be large, as
a heap. a surface.
to be
V.
woq,
/ trusted
in them.
(9na), n.
gbo-nu
a carpenter.
(enu),
n.
jiroposition.
gbe-na-gbe-na
gber)-gbe, adv.
gbo-r)gbo,
widely (extending).
gb6-r)gbo-ta,
Malaghetta pepper.
GBO
gTjO-ro, w,
39
gi-gui), n.
HAL
which
is
gb6-ro,
V.
to he
long
which
is
to be
ridden.
gljo-ro, V.
to he wide.
gbd-rur) (gb6
scent.
oruri),
v.
to
smell,
lit.
to
little quantity or thing. hear a gi-ri, gi-ri-gi-ri, adv. closely, firmly, diligently. a corn cob. gl-ri-gl-ri, n.
giQ-gU),
gblS, V.
to hear,
heed
gb6
ti,
to hearken.
go-go,
n.
sharp 2>oints
adv.
sharply,
severely:
gbb,
V.
to flourish, as
a plant.
to dare,
I am
v.
lean.
to
gbo-do (gba
edo), v.
presume
to he sharp, acute.
See goke.
shrilly.
to he
to
hear news.
to
gbg-hur)
gbbhuT).
(61iui)), v.
hear a
voice, to hear.
to hide.
to puzzle, perplex.
to be stupid,
V.
gb6-kar)-l.
See gbSkele.
v.
V.
gbb-ko
gbor),
V. V.
to be navigahle.
go-go,
to hale
end, for
to strike ;
awkward. mane; a stick with a hook at the plucking fruit from trees; a child'' s play
a
horse's
gb6r),
cunning ;
to
out
of
lots.
water.
go-go-'WTi, n.
to sliake ;
a a
sheet.
gbbr),
V.
move
to tears, to he in dis-
goi-goi, adv.
sluggishly.
table-spoon.
to be
tress, to sling
a stone, depth
to cast, ;
gborj-gboi),
n.
adv.
throw.
go-mbo,
gox)-gov),
n.
V.
headlong.
to
be
gor)-gor), gor)-gor)-gor)-gor), n.
a height, a
steep.
gbo-ro,
gb6-ro,
n.
V.
greens of squash-leaves.
to be
gu.
See
gui).
long
and
to
slender.
of.
gbu-ro (gb6
gbu-ru, adv.
iro), v.
hear
gu-de-gu-de, n. gti-du-gd-du, n.
gCl-du-gll-du, n.
cloudiness.
violently (raining).
to cut.
scramble; adv.
v.
scrambling
entirely.
ie gudugudu,
to
ge (Egba
ge,
n.
for ke), v.
a kind of cloth. ge-ge, n. a lot : ie gcge, to cast lots. gb'-ge-le, n. a bank of earth, a furrow.
ge-gur),
ge-le,
gS-le,
n.
V.
gu-fe,
to belch.
gu-na
gUT),
V.
(Il9rii)), n.
gu-nu-gu-nu,
gux), V. water.
gtU),
V.
n.
a buzzard.
to be long. to land, as
n.
curse.
to climb, to ride ; to
a handkerchief.
to be elevated, raised
encamp
a boat
to
pond, as
:
ge, adv.
exactly.
n.
to strike against,
pound,
stab, pierce
guggi
ge-de-ge-de, dregs, sediment. ge-ge, adv. even so, well : gege bi, even as.
gS-ge,
n.
(igi) fo, to be
gui)-le
(il&), V.
run aground.
a wen.
n.
gui)-r9r),
dilatoriness
:
V. V.
to recline.
to
ge-ne-ge-ne,
dilatory.
it genegene, to be
gur)-'wa,
put on
n.
gui)-ye
in a lambent manner, as flame.
descent, slope, or brow of a
to
tlic
(iye), v.
to he fledged, feathered.
ge-re-ge-re, adv.
ge-re-ge-re,
ge-sir) (guq
n.
gvl-SU (Hausa),
the south.
hill.
eiiri), v.
mount,
to ride.
:
H.
libisi
gi-di, a pleonasm in
gidi,
Egba
dialect
6 jgloh
ha,
V.
gl-di-gl-di, adv.
hfi., V.
be entangled, crowded,
gl-di-gl-ni, n.
narrow.
hfi,
loftily.
gi-ga,
n.
height.
adv.
an
n.
expletive auxiliary.
hS,
astonishment
ha
asto-
to be pierced.
nished.
which
is
ha
interj.
denoting wonder.
g^-gi, gi-gi-le
(ile).
gi-gi-e-se, n.
the heel.
is slender ;
is stupid,
gi-go, w.
gi-gd,
n.
which
which
ha
la-ye
(li),
v.
to throng,
crowd.
awkward.
hfi.-16 (ile), V.
to boast.
HAM
hfi.
.
. .
40
IBE
ni6,
V.
to lock
up, imprison.
to
ha
. .
m6-ra
n.
(ard), v.
gird
to he
armed, har-
h^-na,
madman.
hanta, he
is
i,
hfi-na-ha-na,
n.
roughness.
:
ha-nta,
lean.
adv.
scrawnihj
ril
very
a preflx forming nouns of action, and occasionally other nouns from verbs as, iba, a meeting, from It is also used with the subjunctive ba, to meet.
;
mode.
to write.
i,
pron.
he, she,
it.
as land
to
to
scream.
nail
;
% pron.
i,
to appear,
become visible ;
draw out a
hang up.
. . .
him, her, it. adv. not : odudua igba nla medii, 4 de i ^i, the universe is two large calabashes, which are shut
hM)
16-in6
(li),
v.
to
maltreat.
to
he opened.
ha-ri
(ori), v.
to
do homage,
worship,
i-ba, n.
the act
a hiding,
rence ; to share.
an ambuscade ; a
iba,
things scattered.
that
a lucky
hit.
hau
he,
See ho.
to
.
V.
. .
pick up
V.
aux. part. should, ought, might, suppose : iba se fenia, if he were a man ; awa iba ti
;
he
so,
to collect
to
news
to tell, to
pick up crude
iba de
would
knowledge,
smatter.
he-'WTi (own), V. to grow grey-headed. he, adv. yes (addressed by females to superiors).
i-ba. i-ba, n.
See ba.
fever
n.
:
iba
rise e,
he
is sick
of a fever.
hee,
n.
malignant envy.
pantingly. used for he by males. narrowness.
conduct, behavior.
he-le, adv.
he-yi, adv.
i-ba-dze, .
hi-ha,
n.
i-ba-dzo,
i-ba-fii).
; to shout, roar,
n.
a meeting with
bafi^.
difficulty,
hi-hil, n.
See
h6,
v.
to boil,
;
hoot at
to peel,
ho
iho, to
make a
lit.
noise ;
ddio
to
roaring i-ba-ka'-si-e, n.
come.
V.
i-ba-kpa-de,
to shout,
n.
ho-kui),
h6-16,
V.
applaud.
i-ba-le
(ilS),
n.
train
:
h6,
to
V.
move hastily ;
not
!
i-ba'-lo-gur), n.
is it
eyi
h6
not this ?
i-ba-16h, n.
ho
h9-hu
m.
n.
position.
ho-ho,
hoi). h6r),
hdr),
V. V.
a kind of crow.
huij.
to itch, be irritable.
to
See
the passage of migratory birds loh Ibara, the hawks are gone to Jbara.
awodi
i-ba-re, n.
h6i), the
friendship, alliance.
consultation.
.
caiv
i-ba-r6,
n.
crow has
hor)-rur),
ho., V. h\l, V.
to
to
eaten, he
v.
full, he caws.
i-ba-so-kp6,
i-ba-tar), n.
a talking
relative,
together, conference.
to snore.
i-ba-so-rui), n.
roots, to disinter.
to be feeble ; to
a prime minister.
kinsman.
pull up by the
; to
germinate, i-ba-"wi, n,
a judging, rebuke.
twins.
,
behave
to occur, to
come i-be-dzi
li
(bi edii), n.
6 i-be-kpe-dze,
i-bfe-re, n.
to
n.
perjury.
hu-ko
hu-ko,
to
i-b6, adv.
nib|,
there ;
spring up.
V.
cough.
devise, originate
i-b^-be,
n.
hu-m6,
notion.
htlr), V.
V.
to meditate,
an idea or i-be-kpe,
i-be-re, n.
a pawpaw. a stooping
;
a beginning, commencement.
to
grunt.
v.
i-be-ru, n.
to behave, to
fear, dread,
a fearing.
n.
hd-vrS. (iwa),
conduct oneself.
fear
and
trem-
hu-ye
(iye), v.
to be fledged, feathered.
IBE
i-b&-tS-le, M.
hrihery.
41
i-bu-ra,
n.
IDA
an
oath.
n. n.
i-be-"w6,
i-bi,
71.
n.
visitation, investigation.
this place, here
:
i-bu-ru,
wickedness, evil-doing.
a place,
ibi
an addition, a
n.
blessing.
where, every respect ; ibi iyawo, a marriage ; ibi oku, a burial ; ibi dioko, an abode ; ni ibi ti, lohere.
i-bi, n.
evil,
i-bu-Av6r),
i-da, n.
a sprinkling, staining.
honor, reverence.
i-bu-yir), n.
hurt; a question.
:
wax, resin.
i-bl, n.
birth
ogui)
ibi,
birthright
i-dfi, n.
which
is created,
which
:
is
natural
a divi-
comes on.
sion, part,
point of time
ida
nieriij,
one home-horn.
four jyarts.
i-dft, n.
71.
n.
native.
See
dii.
i-bi-mbi,
i-bi-n6,
n.
n.
2)atch.
i-bi-n6-dze
i-bl-si, n.
island,
a detached abode.
i-bl-ro-gbo-ku,
i-bo, n.
a couch, a
sofa.
increase.
the ]}lace in which,
where
ni ibo,
?
i-da-du-ro, n. detention. i-da-dzi (edzi), n. half; aflaio in cloth. where ? i-da-dzo, n. a collecting, a collection.
li
iiiha ibo,
ara ibo
i-dfi.-dzo, n.
iwo
citizen
i-da-dzo-lCl, n.
i-da-gi-ri, n.
art thou ?
i-bo, M.
an
alar7n.
breadth
lot, sortilege.
i-da-gil-de, w.
n,
desolation.
i-bo-dziQ,
n.
i-da-hui), n.
i-eply.
i-da-ke,
n.
silence, quietness.
i-bo-dzo,
n.
i-bo-dzu
(odifi), n.
i-da-ko-dza,
i-d5.-kp5, n.
i-bo-dzu-'w6,
i-bo-nii-'w6r),
superintendence.
sprinkling, affusion.
concealing, concealment.
i-dfi-ko-rd (5k9), n.
an anchor.
i-bd-nio-16,
n.
i-da-ktl-da,
i-d3,-k\i-da,
i-bd-ra
i-bo-ri
(ar4), n.
(ori),
n.
i-bd-se
(ese),
a covering
for the
i-da-me-dzi,
i-da-me-rir),
n. n.
i-bo-ni, n.
i-bor), n.
a supporting of one^s
a gun.
idolatry.
i-bo'-ri-sa, n.
heresy.
i-bo-se
(ese), n.
a
n.
stocking.
a plan,
device, invention.
i-b9-"wo (owo),
i-bu,
.
glove.
i-da-mu,
i-da-na,
;
n.
confusion, perplexity.
abstraction of a part.
n.
little
portable furnace
a feast.
breadth, diameter
an
abyss, a
n.
disappointment,
i-bu-ba,
n.
a hiding-place.
crosswise, coastwise
:
i-bu-bu,
i-bu-do,
n.
ibubu
adv.
i-dai), n.
which
is
smooth, sleek
brightness
:
sleight of
hand
crosswise.
a joint of grass
i-dar)-ra-'w6
i-darj-vrd,
I
omo
to the
i-bu-du-ro
(ibi iduro),
n.
temptation.
i-bu-dzo-ko,
i-bu-ke,
n. n.
n.
habitation, abode.
l-da-ra, n.
goodness, beauty.
i-bu-koi),
art thou.
a carver, engraver, carving. i-da-rar), n. transgression. a blessing fa li iwo, blessed i-da-ra-ya, ?i. ibukoi) cheerfulness,
\ \
liveliness.
i-da-ri-dzi, n.
forgiveness, pardon.
i-bu-kCir), n.
tempt.
deficiency,
remnant
disgrace, con-
i-da-ro,
?i.
anxiety, sorroiv.
i-dfi.-ro, n.
(ibi
i-bu-in9
i-b0.r), n.
imo), n.
a watering-place or trough.
i-dS.-r5r)-si-le,
lence.
^'f*'*-
gift, present,
IDA
i-da-ru-da-kp6, n. which i-da-si, n.
officiousness.
is spared,
42
IPA
strife
:
a confused mingling p^e mixture. i-dza, n. a blow. a remnant, gleaning, i-dza, n. wrestling, fighting, war, motion of the whirlwind.
n.
idia idi\,
i-da-si-lS, n.
trouble, annoyance.
law.
i-dza-dar), m.
i-dza-de-16h,
a going forth.
i-dza-du,
n. n.
i-da-wo, i-da-'wo-kpd,
i-de, n.
n.
See idaro.
n.
i-dza-i-ya,
union, combination.
i-dza-kS.-di, n.
i-da-ye-da-ye, adv.
now and
then, occasionally.
:
i-dza-kpa-ti,
ni ide, bound.
i-de-bi-kpa {Ak
i-de-hui), n.
i-de-le, n.
starvation.
a pitched battle, contest ; a snatching from the hand. " i-dza-16h, n. the black ants called drivers."
n.
a bargain.
i-dza-nu, n. a bridle-bit ; a club with an irmi hook on the end used by kidnappers.
i-de-na,
a king's officer who has charge of the i-dzai)-dza, n. small pieces. n. revenues of a district ; a custom house ; an ob- i-dza-r9, n. detection offalsehood. a leathern guard on the struction in the road, a hindrance ; a lying in wait, i-dza-sar), n. an ambuscade.
defend
it
left
wrist to
i-de-ni, .
i-de-ri, n.
bondage.
i-dze,
n.
lid,
cover. the
i-dz, n.
ear.
a reed
i-de-ti
i-de.
i-de, n.
n. (idi eti),
bur of the
i-dze-dzi-la, n.
i-dze, n. i-dze, n.
Sec de.
brass.
an
effect ;
wad
i-de, n. i-dS.
a demijohn.
a snare.
i-dze-'bo, n.
an
altar.
See de.
i-dze-ka,
n.
i-de-kur), n.
i-de-ti, n.
i-dze-re, n.
i-dze-ri, n.
i-dze-riri, n,
failure, inability.
n.
testimony, evidence.
i-de-'WO,
i-di, n. i-dl, n.
trial,
temptation, snare.
a bundle,
the
sheaf,
bunch
costiveness.
i-dze-ta,
i-dzi, n.
n.
rump,
a whirlwind, a storm
n.
son
ri idi, to
understand,
idi
prove
wk
idi, to in-
i-dzi-gbo,
i-dzi-ka,
an
eagle
baba akosa,
deep sleep.
i-dzi-la, n.
i-dzi-le, n.
n.
a fright, an (Harm,
i-di-glia-rO (da), n.
posture,
(da), n.
See adiim6.
depth (from tbe top of a height), dis-
i-dzi-na, n.
union, combination.
i-di-kp5
i-di-le
tance, expenditure.
n. (ile),
(ilu),
i-di-lu
n.
a mixing, a mixture.
i-dzi-ni (oni), n. seven days hence, Sec idzi and idiina. i-dzir).
i-di-n6
i-dir),
(ino),
n,
n.
a maggot, skipper
n.
anger, passion ; costiveness. 1-dzi-se-kpa-le (ile), n. the early afternoon. : di idig, to breed i-dzo-WTi, n. jealousy, envy.
worms.
i-di-ror)
(iioi)),
i-dzo-ye,
a plaiting of the hair,
i-dz9,
ft.
n.
officer.
an assembly.
a day
: ;
i-dl-ibl) (oroi)), n.
i-do', n.
neck-tie.
i-dz6, n.
siege;
bibi, birth-day
idio
i-dz6-kfi.i)-lo-g'b6r)
ogboij), adv.
seldom, occa-
i-do-do,
a room.
sionally,
now and
then.
i-do-gbo-lu,
i-do-ko,
i-dor), n.
i-d6r), n.
n.
a stumbling-block.
the
i-dzo-ni, n.
;
an arriving at
farm
the
name of i-dzu,
I-fti, n.
n.
wilderness.
a town.
the bed-bug, chinch.
i-dzu-re,
i-fa, n.
sweetness, pleasantness.
the
i-du-gbo-lu.
i-du-ro,
n.
i-fk, n.
IFA
i-fS-gi
(igi),
43
i-gba-ku-gba,
i-gba-la,
n, n. n,
IGO
any time
:
a drawing-knife,
of six days.
ni
igbakugba, often
:
i-fa-ni, n.
the space
salvation, deliverance
seizure,
se igbala, to save,
i-fa-ror) (oroq), n.
the bowstring is
i-fe, n.
drawn.
n.
i-gb3.-nl, n.
i-gba-ro-ko,
i-gba-ti
obedience.
the hip-joint,
(eti), n.
a border, edge.
n.
attention
to,
See igbagbe.
to
i-fe, n.
a belching, eructation.
ife), n.
usury,
interest
'
se
igbele,
exact
i-fe-ktl-fe (k!
i-fe-ni, n.
charity, philanthropy.
self-defervce, vindication,
ri),
i-fe-se-dzi, n.
i-fi-bu, n.
i-fi-bur), n.
i-ii-dzi, n.
who
a
w.
nearness.
n.
(Mat.
gift, present.
27, 37.)
i-fi-har), n.
i-gbe-ri-ko, n,
i-gbe-ro, n. i-gbe-se,
i-gb6,
. n.
a neighborhood, province.
consideration.
debt, desert.
i-fi-mo, i-fi-rar)-mo, n.
i-fo-le, n.
a home-born
bush;
figuratively, /ceces.
i-fo-ri-fo, n.
i-fo-ya, n.
i-f6, n.
emd
abundance
bawling.
i-gbe-ke-le,
i-gbe-sir), n,
n,
n.
hope, assurance.
See gbekele.
i-f 6, M.
cleansing ; utterance.
a female
captive,
i-fo-ko, n.
i-fo-le
shipwreck.
i-gbl-md,
i-gblr), n,
councillor,
effort to
(ile), n. (ilu), n,
i-fo-lu
a snail ; an
remove anything,
i^bo,
n.
i-for), n.
i-f6r), n.
i-for)-for),
a gut, bowels, tripe. a severe eruptive itching of the hands, a small honey -making fly. n. a crowd.
whiteness.
i-gbo, n.
i-gbo-du, i-gbo-fa,
a sacred grove,
courage,
i-gbo-i-ya, i-gbo-dzfl, n,
i-for)-kpo, n.
i-fui), n.
i-ga, n.
i-ga, n.
height, stature.
stretch, extension
:
na
iga, to
the
thumb,
I-ga-na, n. a town.
i-gai), n.
the large
i-gbo-se, n, after a while : 6 di ^boie, let him wait a wall, a walled enclosure, the name of a while, after a little ; yi 6 w^h ni igbose, lie will come by and bye,
:
contempt, coniemptuousness
igaij
amado, i-gb6,
n.
wild boar.
i-gbo-kti-gbo, n.
i-gbor)-ra
(ar4), n.
who
:
is
credulous.
i-gar)-gar), n.
i-g.r)-gar), n.
a kind of yam,
largeness, hugeness.
i-gag-riq,
i-ga-ra, n.
n.
i-gar)-re, n.
i-gbo-'WO
i-ge-de, n,
; ;
(gbil),
a pledge, token
cubit,
a mystery (superstitious).
i-gba,
n.
admittance, reception
;
a i-ge-re,
ti,
n,
a fish-pot,
sitting, perching,
time, opportunity
ni igba
;
i-ge, n,
i-ge, n,
ni
i-ge-kpa,
i-gi, n,
a bird-snare.
stem
:
igi
imo, snout,
i-gba, mtm,
i-gbfi., M.
ttco
hundred.
i-go, n.
bottle,
tomato,
n, n,
n.
i-g6r)-gO, n,
pipe.
i-gor)-gor), n.
a gruh-worm
end.
:
igoijgo
ofoi), the
wind-
i-gba-dzi, i-gba-dze,
loin-girdle,
i-gba-gbe,
tip,
i-g6, n.
per2)lexity
tree.
igo
igi,
ground
i-gba-gb6,
n.
bracing the
l-gor), .
i-gbako,
n,
ladle.
the shin.
IGO
i-gor), n.
44
kl, n.
salutation.
IKP
ki-lse, n.
i-gVLQ, n.
sash,
a band,
i-gur)-wa,
i-gfU-SO, n.
ki-ni, n.
ki-ri, n,
salutation,
tobacco pipe,
a forked
stick,
an
instru-
wandering.
n.
ment of
i-ha, n.
il,
torture.
ki-"we-dze,
a wrinkle.
:
the side,
iha ikpig
ko,
ko,
iko-eti,
parts
n,
husk of
i-ha-ho,
pot.
palm-nut.
ko-dzo,
a large tall basket in which peas are stored, n, a gathering : ikodi9 oko, harvest.
i-h.a-ga-ga, n,
n.
a pres, a crowd.
ko-gur), n.
ko-ko, ko-ko.
ko-16h,
n,
a pot
See ikoriko.
n,
1-ha-le, n.
i-ha-ri, n.
i-hlr), n.
i-hil), n.
poverty.
homage.
place, this ^ylace, here, hither.
ko-ri-ko,
n.
grass
a hyena,
i-h6,
n.
&c.
See ho.
:
ko-ro,
n,
bitterness,
i-h.0, n.
iho imo, the nostrils ; iho itebo, a socket for a tenon, a mortise. i-ho, i-hd-ho, i-hd-ri-ho, n. nakedness : ni ihoho,
hole, pit, ditch
k6-ro,
ko-ro,
ko, n.
n. n.
a sky-light. a perch
(fish).
ko-ti, n.
doctrine.
hair-pin.
chisel,
naked.
i-hd-kilr), i-h6-l, n.
a cold
a tack
a cough
a skein
acclamation.
See k9.
i-h6, n.
a
n.
district
down.
n.
ko,
n.
on,
moving or looking
secret
origin, rise.
toivards,
a finger.
cruelty, obstinacy, wickedness.
n.
ko-k9,
n.
the inner
comer of a thing, a
i-k^
n.
place, privacy,
i-ka-ka,
a muscle
n.
(shell-fish).
k6-ko-ro,
n.
hook,
i-ka-ki-ka,
great wickedness.
ko-ku-ko
ko-le
koi), M.
i-ka-ndu,
i-ka-ni, n,
n.
a large stinging
a waist-band.
li),
ant.
n.
piercingness, or power of
k5r), n.
kor)-d6
ika.
i-ka-n6
i-kar), n.
i-k&r), n.
i-kS.r), n.
(ino).
See
kor)-du,
kor)-ra, n.
k5r)-si-no
a grumbling.
a kind of egg-plant.
n.
'k.gr)-wg (owo), n.
i-karj-dzu,
a hastener:
kog-wS-si-le
sure,
(ile),
who
haptens to be rich.
extremity, remote corner.
;
i-kar)-gur), n.
ko-ra,
i-ka-ra,
n.
a back yard
respect
;
a clam.
i-ka-si, M.
k6-se-bfi., n.
an unexpected
event,
a chance.
i-k^-wS,
i-ke, n.
n.
control,
;
mastery
ie ikawo, to subdue.
;
kpa,
road.
M.
ivory
;
a hump
or hunch
carving,
;
sculpture
joint,
kpa,
party
n.
;
life ;
a part, a
an outcry.
i-ke-de, n. a proclamation : 4e ikede claim tlie repeal fif a law. i-ke-le (il6), n. a partition, a room.
i-ke, n. i-ke, n.
indulgence, devoted attention
hoarseness.
the end, the last
:
kick,
pro-
barn.
a part.
the hollow
to.
kpa-ka-ra, kpa-ko, n.
last.
tlie
neck
i-ke-hir), n.
ni ikehiij, at
yi
ikpako
si,
to flee from,
i-ke-kur), M.
a snare.
large
kpa-kpa,
the fire,
n, n,
n.
i-ke-na,
i-ki, n.
n.
wood for
kpa
kp5,
thickness of
a liquid, as soup.
kpa-la-ra,
IKP
l-kpa-le-ni6,
vest.
45
:
IMA
(iI6),
n.
jrreparation
m.
the gable
i-kur), n.
n.
the belly,
(ard), n.
abdomen
i-kpa-na,
art in
a place
iwo mbS
my place
n. n.
or seat.
n.
nearness.
i-kpa-ni,
manslaughter, murder.
oJcra.
l-kpar)-ka,
a largain as
to price.
n.
cleaving,
ap:
pearing, state,
condition ;
tattoo ;
circumcisimi
destruction.
i-la-gur),
11.
first fruit
of the season.
i-kpa-ri
i-kpa-ro,
(ori), n.
baldness.
i-lai-ya, n.
boldness, courage.
n.
i-la-ka-ka,
2)ath.
forcible impression.
ia ilana, to ordain.
:
i-la-na, n.
i-la-ra, n.
i-la-ri, n.
an ordinance :
envy
the
n.
;
freedom
se ilara, to envy.
i-kpe-dze,
n.
an
invitation to a feast,
a king's herald.
okra
leaf.
i-kpe-dzi, n. an opening, interval, interstice, as be- i-la-sa, n. tween the teeth, or between threads of cloth. i-la-sa-dd,
i-kpe-le, n.
n.
a distant
n.
i-l, n.
needle-case ; ilo
^se,
;
i-kper)-kpe-dzu,
i-kpe-re,
1-kpe,
i-kpe,
n.
a kitchen ;
ile
an inn
the
small snail.
beasts.
eiye,
i-kpe-ti, n.
scale ;
n.
a snare/or
tomb.
of maize or Indian com ; a fish- i-le, n. a bird snare. See also le. a flat stick on which raw cotton is wound. which is above, an upper garment. i-le-ke, n. i-lg-ko. See ileto. entreaty : is ikpe, to beseech.
the shoot
i-kpS-for), M.
i-le-ko, n.
a pistol.
strength,
(ara), n.
which
:
is
strong.
i-le-ri, n.
a promise, vow
a furnace.
se
ileri, to
promise.
i-le-ru, n.
i-le-to, n.
i-ld, n.
i-kpe-re,
village.
1^)
:
il5 ini
or nini, a pos;
ilS
i-kpir), n.
one's
good genius
a species of rough:
a burying ground
it is
oba,
leafed fig ;
nini,
ikpiq
il
kingdom;
il
m6,
a portion of an inheritance
distinction.
office,
ikpiij
r&, his
share.
a field.
i-lS-dti, n.
i-kpir)-ka, n.
i-kpo,
n.
:
place, stead,
rank, condition
; fold,
i-le-ke, n.
double
i-kp6-ni6,
toad's eggs.
a door-shutter.
the beginning.
i-le-se, n.
a porch.
vessel.
abundance, clteapness.
n.
i-kp5-dzu,
i-kpor), n.
i-kpor), n.
i-lo-ri,
thickness
a wooden spoon.
ikpoij
si,
Sec kpoij.
i-lo, n.
an
accusation, a charge.
See
lo.
irony
n.
rai)
to
See l9h.
fetidness ; lukewarmness.
se ilora, to delay, tarry.
of
i-kpor)-dzu,
i-kpo-ri, n.
distress, adversity.
i-lo-ra, n.
delay
**
i-lo-S9,
i-lu, n.
i-lu, n.
**
i-kp9-si,
i-ku,
.
n.
scorn, contem2H.
lu.
end, termination.
a drum.
See
111.
i-ktl, n.
death.
the gable of a house,
i-lu-ke-dzi, n.
a small
village.
i-kCl, n.
end of a box.
i-kti-du, n.
a clay
pit.
i-ku-dza-re
i-ku-gbu, n. i-ku-ku, n.
i-ku-ku,
n.
(die), n.
the gathering
of locust fruit.
i-ma, aux. part, a sign of continued ma. i-md.-do, n. a kind of wild boar.
i-ma-le,
straint.
?*.
action.
See
presumption.
the fist.
a Yoruba inoselyte
ara),
n.
to
Mohammedanism.
self-re-
i-ma-ra-du-ro (mu
continence,
cloud, fog.
IMA
i-ma-ti-ko,
string.
n.
u
the bow-
IRO
hearted ;
to
ino badie,
to
be
displeased ;
in6 yo,
i-me-le, n,
dolent.
idleness, indolence
se imele, to he in-
pity ; ekog 12); ni in6, in, within ; ino midSq, I am pleased, happy ; in6 d6r) mi, / am pained, grieved.
i-ml, n.
i-ml, n.
i-mi, n.
dung.
no-bi-bi, n.
fretfulness.
n6-dz(i, n.
ed5i), sighing,
a
n.
a handkerchief.
sigh.
n6-le
(ile),
i-mi-lS, n.
i-mi-si, n.
the earth.
Ii5-se, n.
foot-towel.
n6-'w6,
ra, n.
n.
a hand-towel.
See
ra.
i-mo-dzo,
i-md-re,
n.
a kind of rat.
n.
i-mo-dug-dzu-o, i-mo-dzu-o,
gratitude.
oru), n.
the fore-finger.
ra-do,
compassion.
n.
-ra-kpa-da,
heat of the sun:
redemption.
i-mo-ru (imu
i-mo-ye, i-mo, n.
i-ni6, n.
n.
imoru
ra-le, n.
-ra-le, n.
lathing, laths.
evening.
understanding.
See moye.
:
ra-na,
-TB.T), n.
n.
the nose.
sight, seeing ;
; re-
fi
im5
semblance.
rai)-dl-rar), n.
successive generations, genealogy.
i-mo-dze,
i-in5-dzu,
i-in6-le, n.
i-in5-le, n.
n.
rai)-se, n.
a a
servant.
i-in6-dzCl, n.
n.
drunkenness.
sujterior knowledge.
n.
rai)-wu,
ra-"wo, n.
-re, n.
n.
star,
i-ni6-dzu-in6,
the
dawn.
plaff.
off,
r6, n.
-rh, n.
a conspiracy.
n.
as
a trap
curse,
an urging
i-mo-mo,
the grass-nut.
n.
goodness ; well-wishing
gait of a horse.
i-mS-ni-no,
i-mo-rai), n,
conscience.
re-de
revelling, revelry.
a wise man.
t^), n.
re-gur), n.
,-re-ke, n.
abuse,
curse,
i-mo-ti (mo
i-mu,
m.
sugar-cane.
n.
i-mb-te-le, n.
i-inu-'b&, n.
foreknowledge.
re-k9-dza,
,-re-kpa, n.
a passing
over.
sharpness, severity.
transgression.
means, instrumentality.
n.
re-kpe,
re-ni,
n.
n.
i-mu-ku-ro,
i-mu-le,
n.
taking ateay.
the fire-fly.
four days
pride.
firmness, as to standing.
n.
re-ra, n.
,-re-ri, n.
i-mu-na-mu-na,
i-mu-ni-bi-no,
i-mu-nO.,
.
time.
n.
a provocation.
a cause.
re-ti, M.
activity, in
re, n.
-re, n.
friendship,
See
re.
i-mu-re,
i-na, n.
n.
a flea.
louse.
corn-tassel.
a flre ; a blossom ; a
a whipping, a
See na.
i-n^
n.
See na.
i-na-bi, n.
sight, <&c.
See
ri.
a plant which
(ki), n.
i-na-ki, n.
i-na-kH-na
i-nar), n.
extravagance.
-ri-na, n.
a
iron
sight,
spectacle.
sight, vision. n.
ri-ndo,
rlr), n.
n.
nausea.
;
i-ne-dz-dzi,
i-nl, n.
a kind of rat-trap.
<fcc.
possession
ini
dampness, moisture.
rii).
great.
rir), n.
walking,
hatred,
See
i-ni-la, n.
greatness.
-ri-ra, n.
-ri-rai), n.
ri-ri, n.
an abomination.
i-ni-la-ra, n.
i-ni-ra, n.
i-ni-rai), w.
oppression.
;
See
irina.
freedom
the inside,
:
experience.
remembrance.
-ro, n.
;
a a
telling, d:c.
See
ro.
i-n6, n.
mind, womb
an indentation or
:
rd,
n.
stirring, <kc.
See
r6.
ro, n.
the chimpanzee.
grief, trouble.
ro-bi-n6-dze, n.
ro-gba,
n.
o good
disposition
ia ino
rfere, to
he kind-
an assembly of
the elders.
IRO
i-rd-ktl-rd, n.
47
i-sirj-kii-sir), n.
ITA
superstitious worship.
this time,
an
evil thought.
of.
i-ro-na,
i-ro-n6,
n. n.
a going in quest
n.
i-si-si-yi, n.
i-SO, m.
now.
consideration, thought.
repentance.
i-ro-n6-kpi-wa-da,
i-ro-ra, n.
i-ro, n.
offruit See
ro.
iso melokai),
little
pain, groaning.
relating, interpretation, <&c.
;
i-SO-fir), n.
i-so-ko, n.
i-r6, n.
i-ro, n.
a Jib
texture, the
warp of cloth.
i-SO-kpa,
i-SO-lu, n.
**
n.
i-SO-r9,
hanging, a curtain.
marriage.
i-SO-3^-gi, n.
from food,
solemnity,
pain in
i-S9, n.
town
iso
i-ro-nu, n.
i-ror), n. i-roi), n. i-r6r), n.
tenderness, compassion.
which
hair
vtoii
gauqgaui), a
rote.
bristle.
i-SO-ka, n.
to be.
prayer by
i-s5-kil-S9, n.
a being
sick.
i-S9-nu,
fast.
n.
the
Mohammedan
i-ror)-g4r), n.
i-ror) -gbor), n.
barrenness.
the beard.
i-sog, n.
a fountain.
n.
i-ro-ra (am), n.
i-ro-xi (ori), n.
i-ru,
n.
ru.
bolster.
i-su-"wa,
i-sa, n.
<kc.
a pillow.
ebb-tide.
rising,
a fountain, an uproar,
kind, species, such he loves. . ti)
:
i-sa-dzCl, n.
See
i-sa-na, n.
seed of plants
;
i-ru, m.
eyi
ti
bi iru
i-sa-kpa,
i-sar), n.
M.
fe,
such as (bi
a flood
vein, artery.
i-ni, n.
the tail ;
a gadfly.
i-sa-sur), n.
i-se, n.
a sauce-pan.
i-ru-di, n.
a bud.
seed for sowing.
71.
i-ru-gbir), n.
i-rfl-ke-rii-do,
i-se-ur), n.
i-se, n.
See ^e. custom,fashion, character, etc. kindness : iionr) ife, loving kindness.
:
i-ru-ke,
n.
He
ami, a sign
sibi
i^e
ase, a miracle
hard
toil ;
i-ru-ke-re, n.
corn-silk.
n.
service;
\i&
oro,
torment; loh
go
to
i-ru-kpe-kpe,
i-ru-la, n.
work.
i-se-ki-se, i-se-ku-se, n.
okra
a wicked work.
i-ru-lu, n.
a tumult, an uproar.
waves.
seed, offspring.
i-se-kpe, n.
small fire-wood.
i-ru-mi,
n.
i-se-kpo,
i-se-ti, n.
i-si, n.
n.
a fold, a double.
abortion, miscarriage.
i-ru-mo
n. (91110),
i-se-n9, n.
i-ru-ru, n.
i-ni-ya, n.
i-sa, n.
i-S&, n. i-sh, n.
paleness, fading.
flight,
See
pit.
sa.
i-si, i-sir), n.
a grave, a
i-si-nu, n.
i-sir), n.
appetite.
tree
and
its fruit.
i-si-si, n.
i-SO, n. i-s6, n.
i-S9-de, n.
i-SO-kai), n.
i-SO-ra, n.
i-s6-rar), n.
patrol, jiolice.
See sa^.
concord.
i-sai), i-sa-ni, n.
i-sS.r), n.
watchfulness.
sinetv.
an
offence,
an
i-sfi.r)-dur( (odfii)), n.
i-S9-te, n.
i-sar)-sa, n.
i-s3.-se, w.
deserter,
a runaway.
i-SU, n.
a feast.
confection.
ode, wild
yam ;
i-sh-hi, n.
i-se-le, n.
i-si, n.
i-su-ra, n.
i-ta, n.
era.
a lump
i^u
street ;
woof of cloth
See a
ta.
pain, pungency ; a
i-si-mi, n.
i-sir), n.
sabbath.
i-ta-do-gur), .
i-ta.-fo (local), n.
seventeen dags.
table.
service.
ITA
i-ta-le, M.
48
n.
lYA
gain, profit, seeking for food.
the front, presence, before, brow.
n.
and
attacks people
n.
when
asleep.
i-'wa-dzu,
i-ta-le-mo,
ancestors.
i-ta-mo-ra,
i-ta-na,
i-tai), n.
n.
n.
child,
a flower, blossom.
the thigh,
ham ;
i-"wa-na,
n.
a smithU poker.
haste, impatience
:
pletion, d;c.
See
taij.
i-'wa-ra, n.
hurry.
ie iwara, to hasten,
i'tarj-kpa-ra, n.
i-ta-ra, n.
i-ta-so-ri, n.
an
i-Tva-se, n.
the menses.
which
n.
is
poured on
the head.
i-wa-'wi,
i-'we, n.
n.
an
excuse, extenuation.
i-ta-S9 (a^o),
i-te, n.
n.
struggling, agony.
throne, d;c.
the underside
the kidneys.
i-te-bo,.
i-te-hir), n.
i-te-le, n.
book,
a comparison. a
tress.
:
saddle-cloth.
i-Ave-dze,
n.
a wrinkle.
the leg
of a
beast.
1-te-le, n.
foundation.
i-'we-dze, n. i-vre-re, n.
(as
curl,
silliness,
folly
se iwere, to be foolish,
i-te-le-se, n.
a private sign
to act foolishly.
to attract attention.
i-'we-ri, n.
i-"we, n.
a head-band.
; fineness
i-te-ri-gb, n.
i-te-se, .
i-ti, n,
i-tl, n.
a frog
n.
of grain or of threads.
i-"we-fa,
i-'we, n.
a eunuch.
timber,
log.
a horn.
the thrush in children.
a bundle,
sheaf,
n.
two.
i-"W"6-do, n.
a ford.
a heathen, an
idolater.
i-ti-dzu, n.
i-ti-se, n.
shame, modesty.
i-'WO-ro, n.
a foot-stool.
a share : so
nearness
truth.
itori, to
i-"WO-ye,
share.
n.
foresight, 2irovidence.
the present time, now.
i-to-ri, n.
I'-to-rl, n.
i-'WO-yi, n.
i-'we, pron.
therefore.
thou.
i-to-si, n.
nitosi, near.
i-'w6, n.
seeds ;
n.
husk of certain
See
I-to-t6, n.
a horn.
poison put in food
;
i-to-ye, n. merit, value. i-'w5, i-to n. straightness ; a creek; old age, endurance, wo.
leading ;
i-t5, n.
spittle, dbc.
entering, dr.
See
t5.
to.
i-'we, .
suitableness,
n.
form
a fish-hook.
together,
urine, dx.
n.
See
i-"WO-dzo,
perseverance:
se
a gathering
an assembly,
i-to-dzu,
n.
oversight,
care,
crowd.
i-'WO-fa, w.
a pawn
servant.
those.
<fcc.
;
i-t&-k9,
an
oar,
a rudder.
i-'wb-ni, j)ron.
i-'WOl), n.
i-tor)-ri-rar), n.
i-to-re, n.
scarcity of food,
a long neck, as
of a gourd.
i
i-to-'WO, n.
i-tu, n.
an
earnest, anticipation.
'w6r), n.
See
tn.
iw6i) fadaka,
i-tu, n.
i-tCl,
spiarroio.
n.
ease,
relief:
\i\S.
cdo, consolation
io
itii
bi, so long as ; iw5i) linia, as many people as. the igxiana ; a bundle. i-'WOr)-'WOI), n.
ard, to rest.
these.
i-tu-mb,
n.
meaning.
i-'wa-ra,
n.
greediness.
1-111-116, n.
comfort, consolation.
i-'wp-si, n.
i-'W^O-SO, n.
contempt, spite
ic iwosi
si,
to insult.
i-tu-ra, m.
a ball of thread,
wound up ready
Sec wu.
for
weaving.
i-'WTi, n.
i-'wS, n. i-vrS,
71.
duration of
life,
conduct,
i-"WTi'-ka-ra (akara), n.
n.
leaven.
disposition, nature of
a thing.
9)
iwh ikpa,
tito,
ibi,
the armpit.
loss,
iwa
integrity, honesty ;
iwa
tiltn,
meekness
pmtrrty, suffering
die
lya, to suffer ;
is
iwa
ika, mischief; iwa mimo, holiness ; iwa ara, brotherhood ; iwa Olorui), the Godhead ; oAio odftij iwk r6, th<- years of his life.
iwa
die ni ko to
of a sandfly
not
so shar]) as poverty.
i-ya, n.
lYA
i-ya-fii) (afiq), n.
49
i-yo, n.
sugar.
salt,
KAN
the flood
tide (sec
yo)
iyo oibo,
i-ya-gb^
i-ya-ko,
n.
a midwife. a mother-in-law.
separation, a
sect.
n. n.
i-yo-n6,
re.
compassion.
trouble.
coral, pearl.
i-ya-kpa,
i-yo-nu,
i-ydr),
to.
n.
i-ya-lft, i-ya-nlft, .
a grandmother.
cook.
i-ya-l&.-se, n.
a female
i-ya-le
(ile), n.
the mistress
is,
K.
about eight o'clock in the forenoon.
i-ya-le-ta, n,
i-ya-lo-de,
n.
a wise woman.
kS,
V.
to gather, to reap, to
pull a tooth
around.
to fold, to
i-ya-nu,
i-yfi.r), n.
n.
wonder, astonishment.
boiled
roll; to fail.
yam pounded.
a question in
disyai).
k&, prep,
i-y4l), n,
denial, contradiction,
k&,
V.
to
adv.
j
to regard, respect ;
to set
or
pute,
(tc.
See
See Gram.
ITO.
kS, adv.
presumptuously.
roughly, unevenly. let us reverence!
i-yar)-dz<l, n.
i-yar)-fe, n.
Sec
n. m,
ayaijfe.
4),
an excla-
i-yar)-gbe,
mation
as the
king approaches.
v.
i-yan-gbo,
kd.-dui) (odur)),
to he the space
of a year.
in,
i-yar)-rar), n.
an
oven.
:
ka-fo,
re.
tight-legged pantaloons,
i-yaq-rii), n.
sand
iyaijrir) dide,
:
i-ya-ra,
the
to.
activity, nimbleness
itself.
quicksand. ka-gba, v. to hang or be entangled ar4 iyara (eyi ard), ka-hur). See kauij,
v
body
i-ya-ri, n.
vivacity.
difference, separation,
i-ya-to, n.
adv.
instead
of,
otherwise
presumptu-
i-ya-Twd,
.
to.
a bride
ibi-iyawo, a wedding.
i-ya-AVU,
i-y, i-y6,
TO. TO.
ka-kar)-fo,
n.
a military generaL
kS-ka-ra,
n.
a muscle-shell.
strongly,
stiffly.
ka-ka-ra-ka, adv.
kfi-ki-ri, adv.
abroad, wanderingly.
i-ye,
TO.
price on ;
iyekai).
a reed
w.
in
composition, mother,
ka-ko, ka-ko,
kfi.
.
. .
V. V,
k6r),
to
add
to.
i-ye-bi-ye, i-ye-kai), n.
a mother's
to.
relative.
k&-la-ni6, ka la-ra
.
.
.
re.
a pen
(li),
to write with.
v. v.
to enfold, entangle, as
to
a net.
i-yg-ku-ni
i-ye-ni, n.
(iye),
ka
le-hiQ
(ile),
(li),
pull a tooth
of.
i-ye-me-dzi,
i-ye-n6,
i-ye-re,
i-ye,
TO.
n.
doubt
ie iyemedil, to doubt.
k^-le
adv.
V.
to set
down,
let
to deposit, to establish ;
which
sense,
is intelligible.
around, abroad.
{ki k loh),
v. v.
to.
understanding,
ka-16h
us go
to follow !
ka
;
in6,
to
re.
surround,
to enclose.
a crow. a
sling.
wing.
i-ye,
TO.
re.
to be cruel,
harsh.
i-ye-fuQ,
i-ye-gbe, i-ye-ka,
a
tree.
-flour.
ka-nu,
to be sorry, to grieve,
mourn.
re.
a kind of trowscrs. kar), adv. at once, quickly. to be sour, morose, painful, opposed the very branches, natural branches of kar), V.
bore.
to ;
to
i-ye--wd,
i-ye-"WTi,
i-yir),
to.
TO.
n.
TO.
DivestigatMn.
k&Q, num.
one:
awoij
kaij,
kai), certain
ones;
;
niirai)
a chamber, a pin
turn the weaver's beam,
the
kai), others ;
owo
;
praise.
to
re.
the last
cowry
to
ise
kaq,
i-yi-SO,
i-yo-dzd
23.)
(iye),
natural face.
(James
pluck, nip, to
as an ox.
k^, V.
n.
to
knock upon,
nail, touch ;
to gore,
1-yo-kui),
1
kag-dzu,
v.
to hasten.
KAN
kar)-ga,
n.
50
KEY
cotton is
well.
kar)-gi, n.
wound
kar)-gur), n.
kar)-kar), adv.
kd.r)-kar),
hastily.
ke-ke,
ticket
n.
ring of metal,
child's
<fec.,
when
struck.
k3.r)-ri-kar(, n.
play of
lots ;
a custom-house, a
of sponge.
kar)-ki, n.
tight pantaloons.
to
v.
or check.
k6-k6, adv.
ke'-ke-ke,
n.
clamorously.
littleness,
little one.
words,
ke-ke4u-ke,
agbe- k6-ke-re, n.
n.
which
is full-breasted, as
a bird.
kaj)
. .
in6,
v.
to nail or
fasten
to : kaijin6
smallness.
lebu, to crucify.
kag-mo-le,
kar)-ra
kar)-ri
v.
to stick fa^t, as in
mud.
kai)-inu-kar)-niu, adv.
(ar4), v.
(ori), v.
sweetly (flavored).
to be to
morose, peevish.
ke-kp6, V. to call, to call upon. k le-g&-ke (li), v. to tickle. ke-lo, adv. how many? a lion. k6-ni-<i, n.
. . .
to be little.
touch the head with a sacrifice. kar)-ri, kar)-ri-kar)-ri, adv. far distant.
ke-re-o-"Wtl, n.
cotton-seed.
ke-ri
(ko), v.
to
grow
dirty, to be filthy.
kar)-rui)-kar)-rur)-f, n.
a long
time.
ke'-ro-ra
ke-si,
V.
(irora), v.
to visit.
v.
to
ka-ra,
n.
a gland.
loudly.
.
ka-rfi, adv.
ke-ti, ke-ti-ii,
foot.
to be
benumbed,
to.
the
ka-ra-wor),
k.-ri (ori),
v.
a conch-shell.
to set
on
the head.
ke-to,
V.
V.
to call
upon, to cry
ka-rur), num.
kd.-sai), n.
fifth.
ke-vni,
to read.
;
sarsaparilla.
to
kd.-se, V.
walk
leisurely ; to terminate.
to set
ka-si,
V.
to be stale.
V.
kS,
V.
to extend,
to
grow
worse, as a sore
to be
ka ... si,
kd ka
hoarse ; to glow. place upon, to impute, to respect : 6ro Olorug si, he docs not regard the word ke-dzo, num. eighth. '
to
of God.
k3.-si-r)kai3 ? (ki
kee-do-gur), num.
fifteenth.
si),
whafs
kee-d6-g'bor), num.
twenty-fifth.
thing amiss ?
i)kai), there is
kd
si
ijkai),
there is nothing ! 6 si
ke-fa, num.
ke-g9.r) (ko),
sixth.
v.
something.
to despise.
ka-sa, adv.
kd.-sa, V.
ke-gbe,
to recite the
v.
ke-hirj,
v.
ke-hig-da-sl,
scatteringly, staggeringly.
to
to forsake.
ke-ke,
ke-ke, k-ke,
n. n. n.
cackling, as of a
hen
a black squirrel.
distaff.
to be in the zenith,
overhead.
ka-ti, adv.
kauri,
(not) at all, (none) ivkatever. trona, carbonate of soda (from the Great
profound
silence.
kS-ke, adv.
slowly, gradually.
Desert).
kaug-kaui),
kfi.-"we, V.
adv.
sweetly (scented)
quietly.
to
wind.
to read. to to
ke-ko
count money.
;
(k9), v.
to learn,
study.
ke-le, adv.
gently.
n.
ke-le-ke-le,
ke-le-kll, n.
n. n.
a spy, vanguard ;
calico.
adv.
gently.
abstain from things prohibited ka-'w6 (owo), V. to assort ; to grasp, rule over.
ke-re,
a kind of mat.
ka-'W9r).
See karawop.
to reel, roind ;
;
to
walk
to
to cut, chop.
ke-de,
v.
to be scarce,
unfrequenf.
ke-d6
(ode), v.
to
proclaim aloud.
a simpleton. k6-re, and fro. ke-re-de, v. to be weak, infirm. ke-rir), num. fourth. ke-rir)-lfi, num. fourteenth, ke-sai), num. ninth.
ke-ta, tzvm. ke-te-ke-te,
kfe-vya, num.
third.
n.
ke-de-re, adv.
clearly (seeing).
seventh.
the second, the next.
n.
an
ass.
tenth.
k6-fe-ri (Arab.),
an
unbeliever,
heatlien.
ke-y6r),
n.
KI
ki ? pron.
ki, conj.
to, ki
.
.
51
?
KOT
ko
iinu, to
what
that
.
? ki
li
eyi
what
is this ?
odi6 ki
liver to ;
de-
ki
iwo ki 6
go ; ki
. .
ko,
V.
to meet,
be.
bl 6 le k6, if possible, if it
teni, hefore ;
may
k6, adv.
;
not
ko
^e kp6,
if,
suppose that.
to
ram,
to
down.
kl,
V. V.
ko'-bi-ta, n.
to salute.
to press, load, as
ko'
a cart.
. .
dl-n6, V.
ki,
k6-d-de, adv.
no wonder
to collect,
no doubt !
kl, adv.
not.
ko
in a small compass. in a large compass. (omi), v.
to
dzo,
V. v.
heap up.
withstand.
to see.
kl-bi-ti, adv.
ko-dzu-dza,
k6-fi-ri, V.
to resist,
kl-W-ti, adv.
to espy, to
v.
happen
ki
bo-mi
immerse.
ki-dzi-ki-dzi, adv.
quivering.
ko-ki-ki, V. to magnify, extol. tremulously (shaking), with ko-ko, w. a knot, protuberance, wen knuckles ; koko ese, the ankle.
cloth.
koko
o\v6, <Ae
ki-dzi-kpa,
ki-gl3 (ke),
n.
v.
a kind of coarse
to
cry aloud.
ki-ki, n. salutation. ki-kl, adv. only : kiki wura, pure gold. ki-ki-ni, n. a small particle or bit.
k6-ko, adv. very much. kd-ko, n. the tania, root and plant. k6-ko-r6, n. a worm, an insect.
ko-ko-se
e-se, n.
the ankle.
.
ko
. .
kp6.
Sec ko
. .
ki-k6Q, n. a food.
ki-kur), n.
V.
kikoi) omi,
to steal
v.
from
to be feeble, infirm.
v. to despoil, to rob.
which
is
hard, loud.
hardly, loudly.
k6
. .
le-ru
n. n.
(li),
ki-kuQ-ki-kur), adv.
ki-lo,
to
k6-lo-b&,
k6-lo-bo,
a mattock. an oil-pot, a
(li),
lamp-filler.
ki
ki
. .
mo-lS,
to press to the
ground.
with the
ko
fist.
lo-dzfl
(li),
V.
to confront.
ki-ni, n.
.
a thing, something.
v.
kd-lo-fir)
n.
a lawless person.
take away, carry lead captive.
. .
ni-be-nde,
to strike
k6-lo-lo,
V.
V.
to stutter. to
off,
kl-ni-dze-be', adv.
ki-ni-ki-ni, adv.
ki-ni-si, n.
ki'-ni-tl.
no
! not at all !
neatly, accurately.
ko ko ko
16h,
l&-na lo-no
(li),
(li),
v.
V.
to meet, encounter.
to discourage,
alarm.
ko-mo-kur),
is it f
n.
n.
the
ki-nla
pron.
what
ko-nl-ba-bfi,
a fatherless
v. v.
kiq-kir), n.
kir)-rir), v.
a very
v.
little
portion.
to rub, to
curry.
ko ko
.ni-be-nde,
See ki
to
ni beude.
. .
ni-dza-nu,
v.
ki-re-dze,
ki-ri,
V.
ko-ni-gba-gbe,
a proper name.
one ivho
to
wander,
about, wanderingly,
kor)-ko-tO, n.
ki-ri-bi-ti.
See
v.
kibiti.
ko-re
(ere), v.
ki'-ri-m6,
to
grass.
the hyena.
to hate,
closely to work.
kd'-ri-kd, n.
is
ki'-ri-kpa,
ki-sar) (koq
ki-ta,
V.
w.
ki-ror) (irog),
ko'-ri-ra,
v.
abhor.
ko-ro,
V.
to be bitter, spiteful.
isaij), v.
nine days.
ko-ro, adv.
very, entirely
tlte
to be three
days.
stone split to
very bottom.
ki-tir), n.
a very
v.
little.
k6-ro,
M.
ki-we-dze,
ki-yax), adv.
ki'-ye-si,
v.
to
V.
wrinkle.
to thrust the
ko-ro-ko-ro,
ki-'wo-bo (owo),
hand
into.
at once.
to notice, look, attend to : kiyesi ar4,
red.
to encounter.
:
to collect
around;
ki
. .
y6,
V.
to
cram full. grow hard ; to take up, two hard substances together :
to
ko,
V.
to gather, collect ;
;
n.
as a load
to strike
KO
ko,
V.
52
up a tent drunk ; to
hungry
hole.
;
;
KPA
to
to learn, teach ;
mark,
to
tattoo, write ;
:
lay one thing on earth into heaps; to ; dig to flash ; to call, crow, shout ;
to build, to to
betray
to
hatch
to
make one
cease, knock off : ebi kpa mi, / was kpa 6diobo, to make a loop or button
entangle
ko
okuij, to
make a
is
rope.
not
I;
iw9
li
at once, suddenly.
to
hang up,
to deter.
kpa kpa
;
interj.
.
.
wonderful
del, v.
to turn, return.
not.
tall projecting gables
kpa-dS,, adv.
again, in return.
v.
of a royal palace
be
hence, a projection.
ko-dza,
sight.
V.
to
pass
by, to omit, to
it is
beyond
de, 6 fo kpa-de-gni)
. . .
kpa kpa
. .
da-n5,
v.
to lose.
to shut, close ; to
meet with
battle.
; to
help.
(oguij), v.
to
to
to
meet in
come in
collision.
kpa-d-ru,
v.
v. v.
meet together.
devour, destroy utterly ; to for-
ko-dzu-dza-si,
ko-dzu-si,
V.
to resist, oppose.
kpa
dze,
n.
to
to face, to
attend
to.
get the
day of
the
month.
ko-glia (ogba), V. to build a fence. koi-koi, V. indirectly, suspiciously. ko-kar), num. one. k6-ka-rEi, v. to howl aloud.
n.
kpa-f^
kpa-fo
a butcher's bench.
(afefe), v.
to to take the air.
kpa-fe-fe
(afo), V.
wallow in mire.
pitch a
tent.
kpa-go
(ago), V.
to
a hook, a key, a bird's beak : k9koro kpa-hir)-ke-ke k9-ko-ro, the iron pin %oith which a weaver turns the kpa-ka (oka), v. gai),
toarp-bca7n.
(ehii)), v.
to
gnash.
to thresh corn.
to adjust one's wrapper. adv. very (sound in health).
k6-ko-so.
k9-ktl,
n.
See koqkoso.
green color.
to
kpa-ka-dza, v. kpa-ki-kpa-ki,
ko-kui),
ko-l&,
V.
71.
n.
make a
rope.
to tattoo, to circiimcise.
k5-la,
the
ko-le
ko-le,
(ilc), V.
kpa-kpa, kpa-kpa,
n.
h.
ap)rairie,
self.
a jMsture.
kpa.-kpa, adv.
or parching.
V.
to
make
V.
of earth.
kpS-kpa-la, adv.
k5 ... 15
(ile),
renounce, forsake.
ko-lo-fir), n.
a
n.
kpa-kpe
the fox,
(akpe), v.
V.
to
ko-lo-ko-lo,
the casra.
kpa kpa
kp6,
to mingle, to
confound or confuse;
to be to assault, to smite.
to. teach.
r.
. .
very abundant.
.
ko-lu,
V. V.
kfl, V.
n.
to kill.
k9-ni,
kpa-ku-ta,
to refuse
k6
nl-ya-\v6,
(ono),
V. v.
a betrothed bride.
of.
kp3.-la, adv.
effort.
ko-no
k6t),
mi, mi,
V.
to dread, to
to sing.
stand in fear
kpa-lS.
(ila),
v.
kor), kor)-rir),
kpa-lai, adv.
heavy
;
by no means.
to fill, to
be full, to feel
owo
koi)
kp.-la-ka,
fingers.
n.
a fork, as of a
v.
stick,
or between the
oruq k6i)
kpa
of palm-leaf. of a stream.
. .
la-nu
la-ra
la-rS
la-se,
(ile), v. v.
(li),
to
make
is
sorry.
kbi), kCir),
to
n.
v. v.
which
rough, as a road.
k6r)'-ko-SO, n.
k5r)-ror), n.
V.
v.
the bed
to fall to
kor)-sa,
ko-ri-si,
. .
(li),
to hurt,
wound.
(li),
to fatigue.
. .
v.
to to
command, give
orders.
to plaster.
kpa-le
kd-ro.
See
k9i)roi).
to trip, to to
kpa-le-in(5,
stumble.
kpfi.-le-ni6,
to set to
a house in order.
to prepare.
ko-se
(ese), v.
v.
v.
prepare ground,
(li),
ko-se-ba,
ko-ti, adv.
meet by chance.
heavily, reluctantly.
to write.
ko-'we,
V.
Ie-nu-in6
le-tar), v.
71.
v.
to
put
to silence.
.le-rir), v.
.
to
make one
laugh.
to outwit, deceive.
kpa,
ing
V.
;
to kill, to beat
extinguish
to
;
crack kpa-li,
lids
of a book.
V.
a nut
;
upon, as rain
to
to rub, as in polish-
to
to relate
a parable
lo-dzo,
to intimidate. to fool, to to
lo-kpe,
lo-se,
v.
v.
puzzle one.
KPA
kpa-lo
(alo), V.
.
53
kp, kp,
one;
conj.
V.
KPI
that, to wit.
to
to
propose riddles.
along the coast.
to convince
. (li okaij),
kpa kpa
to
16h,
V.
to sail
complete, perfect ;
is right ;
to
last
long
ow6
kpe, the
money
is perfect.
. .
kpa
to
fi
to he
ni6, v. to keep, preserve ; to hide : kpain9, kp6, V. to call, to invite, to assemble : fi hid ; kpa enu m6, to he silent ; kpa oko mo, ijkai), to esteem. to call an assembly, to assemble. in a crop ; kpa . . . m6 kuro, to withhold ; kp6-dzo, V. gather
.
.
kp^
ar4 kpamo,
kpe-ge-de,
v.
to be right,
to call
proper.
to assemble.
kpa-mo-le, n. a viper. kpa-mo-ra, v. to endure, hear. kpa-ndu-kfl, n. an uncut gourd. kpa-ni, kpa-ni-a (enia), v. to kill a
murder.
kpe-na
on.
(ena), v.
n.
an assembly,
kpe-kpe-le,
person, to
to say.
kpa-ni-kpa-ni,
n.
a murderer.
to confuse.
v.
kp6
; to
. . .
ro,
V.
to drill soldiers, to v.
form a
line,
kpa kpa
ni-ye,
v.
kp6-se
V.
(kpa),
to prepare.
ni-ye-dS,
n.
to
persuade
mind.
kpa-nsa,
kpa-nsa-i-16,
to intend, to thiiik of doing, devise. v. stay long at a place, to last long. kpe, to turn the back on. kpe'-liir)-dd. (kpa), v.
kpe-ka
(kpa),
v.
to
kpa-nsa-ga,
kpS-nti-ri,
adultery,
an aduUress.
kpe-ke-kpe-ke,
kpe-kui),
V.
n.
which
is
streaked, speckled.
to
n.
a bramble.
at one bloiv, at once.
to
to terminate,
come
an end. an altar ; a
kpar)-hur), adv.
kpa-ra
kpa-rS.,
(ara), v.
n.
hurt oneself ;
to
anoint oneself.
the
kpe-kpe, kpe-kp,
adv.
n.
gently (striking).
slip of wood,
shelf,
on the top of
bird-snare ; a shell.
piazza posts.
kpe-kpe-kui) (oku^),
with a sudden noise.
to
n.
sea-shell.
kpa-r&, adv.
kpe-kpf i-ye, n.
;
a duck.
kpa-ra
dft, v.
turn around
to
change
to
kpe-le, adv.
gently.
to be fiat.
disguise oneself.
kpe-le-be,
to restrain oneself, to
v.
kpa-ra-in6,
he
v,
keep
close,
to
kpe-le-kpe,
kpe-lu,
conj.
n.
kpa-re, kpa-ri,
kpa-ri,
with, in : kpelu ayd, with joy ; kpelu e^e, in sin. fade away, put out, destroy. to finish, come to an end ; to conclude v. kpe-lu-kpe-lu, adv. moreover, besides, yea. from premises ; to be bald-headed. kperi-sai), n. a crushing : ic kpeqsai), to crush.
v.
humble.
prep,
to
n.
the jaw-bone.
v. to
kpe-re,
its
v.
to he soft ;
adv.
gently.
kpa'-ri-d&,
course.
kpe-re, adv.
kpfi.-ri-'WO (ariwo),
to
make a
barter
;
noise.
to
very much.
the
kpa-ro,
V.
to
exchange,
change
kpe-se, adv.
sition.
gently, easily.
n.
character ov purpose.
kpe-se-kpe-se,
a commotion or a storm.
to
kpa
rp-ro,
v. v.
v.
to still
kpa-ru-TjO,
to kill to
sacrifice.
kpe-se-in6
destroy,
(kpa),
v.
to
kpa-rur),
abolish.
rub
out,
consume,
one's pace.
kpe-te-le,
n.
n.
level
ground, a plain.
comfortably.
kpa-sa, kpa-sar),
kpS.-sar), n.
an
oyster,
kpe-te-kpe-re,
adv.
a whip.
kpa-se
to command, enact. (ase), v. kpa-si-kpa-ro, v. to exchange, barter. kpa-ta, V. to prepare, make ready.
to
perform
sleights
of hand,
to
kpa'-ta-ki,
n.
kpa'-ta-kd,
kp9.-ti,
v.
n.
a wooden
shoe,
a hoof.
entirely, altogether.
kpa-ta-kpa-ta
(9toto), adv.
to be forcible, violent.
kpi-dze (kpa), I/, to piull ox cut grass for feed. kpi-kpa, n. which is to be slain. kpl-kp6, n. perfection. kpi-kp6, n. much, abundance.
kpi-le-se,
v.
violently.
to
v.
commence.
to counsel, suggest.
kpl-mo
to
(kpa),
v,
kpa-to, kpa-to-to
(atoto), n.
make a
noise.
kpi-nu,
to bargain,
KPI
kpir),
V.
54
kil, to
sift, to
:
LA
run here and
a blanket
there, to
to share,
v.
divide ; to terminate.
thunder mutter-
kplr)-i-ya,
to divide, separate.
v.
ingly
kil ekuru, to n.
throw dust.
;
kpir)-hur)
agreement.
(ohuij),
to
conclude a bargain or
ku-bu-su,
ku-d5r),
V.
peaty earth,
kpir)-kpii), adv.
ku'-du-ru,
flour.
n.
the globular
form ; bread of
bean-
kpirj-le
(il|),
v.
kpir)-ya,
v.
to divide, separate.
v.
ku-fe-ku-fe,
to
n.
braggadocio.
kpi-tar) (kpa),
old events.
to relate
traditions,
recount
ku-gbS, ku-gbe,
V. V.
bush
o kugbe
may you
kpi'-'wa-dfi, (kpa
. .
da), v.
to reform, repent.
kpi'-ye-dd,
v.
to
ku-gbu, v.
ktl-hu, adv.
to
(kpa), v.
to
plunder.
knead.
to smelt.
v.
to be
very busy.
rather.
kp6'-hur)-re-re,
kil-ku,
n.
corn-cob.
kpo-kpo-ndo,
kpo'-kpo-rd,
n.
n.
ku'-ku-ni6,
kfl-ku-ru,
n.
tunic.
n.
ku-ku'-ndu-ku,
n.
n.
n.
a nut of which snuff-boxes are made. kpor)-se, kp6-ri, kp6-ri-ri (ori), v. to whirl around,
kpo-rir)
v. (irii)),
shortness.
ku'-ku-te,
to
ku-mbu,
ku-in6, V. kCl-mo, n. ku-na, V.
n.
a coney (hyrax).
to cleave to, as dust.
kpo-ro-kpo-ro, adv.
kpo-si,
n.
coffin.
a cudgel.
to be smooth, fine, as thread or meal. kpo-tu-tu (kpa), V. to feel cold. to bum, to enkindle. kpo-'we (kpa), v. to speak a parable. kui), V. to remain, to lack ; to daub, paint, anoint ; kpo, V. to vomit. ktir), V. V. to be abundant, great, common, cheap : to be busy here and there : kill) si dide, to be near, kp6, kp6
si,
to
V.
kp5,
at hand.
(Gen. kur)-kur),
v.
to
purr.
loudly, aloud.
to
14, 8.)
kur)-kur), adv.
common,
to be
together.
kur)-le
kur)-le,
(ile),
v.
plaster a house.
a kind of calabash.
mixed, mingled.
to to be red, to be ripe ;
V.
kur)
sharpen, whet
rusurusu,
to
; to
. .
si-1^, V.
to get
up.
ni,
ku-ro,
V.
out of the
in ;
way : kuro
Ile,
kuro
flatter,
make
much
of:
kp6i)
be
6 diade kuro ni
he went
brown.
kp5r), V. to carry on the back; to dip up. ku-ru, V. to be short. kporj-gfi, n. sticks placed across a grave to prevent ku'-ru-ba, n. a pail, a bticket. the earth from falling in. ku-ru-hil, n. the cry of a hen when she sees a
kpor)
16-dzu
V.
(li),
v.
hawk.
ku'-ru-kti, n.
kpor)-nii (omi),
v.
to
draw or dip
water.
kpoQ-mu,
to whet,
ku'-ru-mti
ku-sa,
ku-si,
v.
to
make a bold
torment.
attempt.
ku-sa-ta,
V.
to be
n.
to to
kpo-si,
V.
to increase.
(ile,
kpo-si-16, kpo-so-de
ode), v.
busy in
kil-tfi, V.
a thing slowly.
and
out. n.
kii-tu-kill-tu, n.
kpo-tp-kpo-to,
mud,
be
mire.
ku-ye,
redness
:
V.
to be forgetful.
precipitately.
V.
to
red
w.
kpukpa
yolk of an egg.
to lick ; to to
IS, V.
ISl,
dream.
to
v.
split ;
wade
;
to
appear
:
;
\h,
to
pass
to
to
be rich
inio,
to be blunt or dull.
LAB
li.-ba, n.
LER
55
la-na
(li),
a leathern hag,
satchel.
adv.
v.
yesterday.
to
la-ba-la-ba, n.
butterfly.
robbers, kidnappers.
open a road ;
to propose, decree.
to be merciful.
under, beneath
sAij
labe
igi,
we la-ra
(li),
prep,
under a
n.
tree.
mi, avenge
gbesai)
mi
lara ota
la-bu-14-bu,
ld.-di (idi), V.
fresh ashes.
to explain, to
green
i.
tree ;
prove.
e.
deliver me.
(li),
la-di-ro, n.
a
n.
beer-strainer.
la-ra
la-re
v.
la'-du-gbo,
ld.-dzfi, V.
Ift-ra, n.
(li),
the castor-bean.
v. to be tiresome.
ld.-dza (idia),
to
to reconcile, to
pacify.
ld.-dzo (edio),
to settle
dispute.
bridle.
la-ga, n.
the
brow-band of a
the
v.
la-gba,
n.
a horse-whip.
brow-band of a
wood, ring a
to
manifest. in the midst of, amongst : lariq See leriij kaj). kiij, once, before or previously. in vain, vainly : enia l^sai), Ift-sar) (li), adv.
la-rir) (H), prep,
Ift-ri, v.
to prove,
make
trifling
bridle.
people.
to be strong.
la-ke-TdX),
V.
to split
V.
saw
into boards,
la-ti, prep,
la'-go-go (W),
to
bell.
verb
the
as,
6
;
la-gur) (ogui)), V. to sweat, perspire. lai (li ai), a prefix, implying not having, without : as, laiberu, toithout fear, fearless ; i ma fi fu ni lai-
farm
;
person
lati
lati
odo, from, when the object is a owo, by the hand of, by ; 6 ra^ k
it
ow6
maleika, he sent
gbowo
(li
ai gb^), he gives to
ever,
us without money.
:
la-to-ri
because
for
ever.
ilo lailai,
lal-lal, n.
oldness, ancientness
la-'wa-ni, n. a belt, a girdle. a very old la-vru, adv. alVs well : alafia ko
lawu,
it is.
wa ?
is it
peace f
house.
lai-kpe, adv.
soon, quickly.
la-"WTi, adv.
very (white).
la-ye,
safe, secure.
v,
(li),
to be spacious,
V.
roomy.
la-yd
1, V.
to be alive ;
n.
living animal.
; to be
to be free
from
sin, sinless.
to he strong,
:
hardy, healthy
more than,
lal-lo-vrS
less.
V.
to he destitute
of money, moneywithout
:
above, overhead
le eta, the
mu
is
mi
le,
make me
strong ;
too
money
three (cowries)
owo much : 6
lil-ni, adv.
and prep,
adv.
in need
of,
6 lob
gbe nibS
ten days. 16, V.
to
16 ni
laini bata, he
went without
shoes.
:
lai-ni-dl
(idi),
without cause
.
6 ba mi wi
lay upon
appear
to drive,
pursue
reproached (ba wi) lal-sd (is, to sin), adv. without sinning or being in 16, prep, cm, upon : fi 16 1I&, put it on the ground. fault : nwoi) kpa a laiiS, they killed him without lb, V. is able, can, may. le-bi (li, to have), v. to be hungry. sin, i. e. without his being guilty of offence.
. .
lainidi, he
me
without cause.
to blister.
lS.-ka-ka,
v.
to strive to to
do a thing.
leg.
16-gur) (ogui)),
the enemy.
V.
to
prevail in battle,
to
beat back
lfi.-ka-lfi.-ka, v.
hop on one
la-kl-ri, n.
le-ke le-ke
:
(li
(li
above
adv.
up.
to be above,
to be
prominent, ex-
Ifi-ko-ko
Tik,
(li),
adv.
lakoko
alted.
then.
le-ke-le-ke,
finally, in short.
n.
v.
an
egret.
Ifi-ko-tai), adv.
le-kpa
on
the
(ikpa),
la-ko,
V.
to
Ifi-kpa-ta, n.
le-16, le-il&, V.
adv.
down,
ground
kd
Icle,
to be
troubled, pcr2ilexed,
for the
Ia-kul-e-gb6,
la-la, n.
la-lfi (aid), V.
19.
.
. .
a kind of rheumatism.
dream.
with
tive.
6kar), heart,
or
ara,
body,
nomina-
trouble, annoyance.
to
le-ra
le-re
16-re
le-ri
to
(ara), v.
(ire), v.
(li),
161l, V.
to
go through.
to devise.
ftrai)), v.
urge forward.
to strike
la
v.
to be profitable.
lit.
la-in.5-rar) (la
pose.
imo
the
head
le-ri
prep,
on, upon.
LES
le
.
. .
56
theft.
LUK
S0-n6,
se,
to
(li,
v.
to drive
16
. .
V.
it.
to
compel
6 le
away in mi
^o
e,
me
le-ti
do
lo-dzH-karj-nfi, adv. immediately. he compelled lo-dztl-rS-re, adv. favorably, graciously. 16-ke (li), adv. above, up, on, beyond.
lo-ki-ti, n.
to have), v.
to be obedient, docile,
a false-bottomed
to-day.
v.
vessel
for straining
le-ti
(li,
on), prep.
V.
by.
jMtash.
le-vru
le, V. le, V.
(li),
to be grey-haired.
lo-ni
(li),
adv.
to be sluggish, lazy. to be
Id ... nl-inl-in6,
(li),
See
16.
evening
to
16-rl, V.
(nearly dark).
IS, V.
lo-ru
to be elastic, pliable ;
(li),
patch ; to be strong, as the wind. down, on the ground. 15, for nil6, adv.
to replenish, to
lo-SO,
V.
16-ti-t6
(li),
to
crouch.
16-t6
of,
(li),
adv.
V.
le-ba
(li),
prep,
by the side
applied lo-ytir)
lo, v. lo, V.
(li),
pregnant.
to
to
If-bu-lf-bu,
le-he, adv.
new
ashes.
16,
V.
to engraft, to
well, thaCs right. le-hir) (li), prep, and adv. after, behind, outside mhb lehii) wa, he is coming behind us.
to be twisted, crooked,
:
; to investigate,
le-hir)-le-hir), adv.
le-li&i), adv.
backwards.
lo-do
(li),
prep,
(li),
by, with,
leme- lo-do-dur)
adv. adv.
yearly.
daily.
&c.
as air.
lo-dzo-dzo
15-fe, adv.
(li),
16-1&, n.
which
is yielding, elastic,
le-rir)-kar).
See
Isk&ij.
lo-gar)
(li),
le-ro,
V.
to be skilful. to be terrible,
is this
:
16h,
ibi yi leru t6
!
le-ru
dreadful as, dara dzil loh, very good. place ! in a row, in regular or- lo-hur) (li), adv. adv. yonder. le-se-se, le-se-e-se,
V. (li),
used adverbially in the sense oioff, away : e loh, take it away, pleonastic after dzA, very ; gbe
to go,
how dreadful
der.
lo-ko-kar)
immediately.
(li),
prep,
to
towards, opposite
to.
le-se-kari-nfi., adv.
lo-kpo-k6,
lo-lS.
(li),
V.
le-S9-le-SO, adv.
le-"WTi, .
tinder.
11,
carefully, strictly.
at the foot of
adv.
down
palm
leaves,
euphonic for
(ibi),
ni, to be, to
have, to say.
used for I0-I6, adv. lately. to strangle, choke. lo lo-ror), V. lo-ra (li), V. to be slow, to linger. See ni.
.
11-1)1-81 1
adv.
where ?
?
lo-ro
(li),
(li),
V. V.
to be rich. to be eloquent.
11-1)0 ?
(li),
adv.
where
15-rO
li-dze-ta
(li),
adv.
three
days ago.
is
lo-sar)
(li),
adv.
by day, at noon.
adorned, wnamented.
yi 6 b5re re
;
a,
li-kpo
11-li, n.
(li),
prep,
lo-SO
lo-to
(li),
V. V.
to be
11-le, 11-le-ll-le, n.
which
(li),
a kind of porcupine.
adv.
to
lO-AWO, prep,
from :
li-li-ll,
by
;
littles,
scatteringly.
16, V.
use
.
. .
to
bend, to
to
out
16
ni
mim6,
of or from you be elastic : 16 gbo, to wear done by me. See lolo. use sacredly, to sanctify. lo-"WO-10-"WO.
it
demand
se e
lo-'WO-WO,
ness.
adv.
lukewarmly
n.
lukewarm-
lo-de
lo-di
(li),
(li), (li),
outside.
lu,
v.
to bore, to scuttle ; to
to be discovered.
contrarily.
l<i, V.
ICl, V.
mingle, adulterate.
16-do
below.
to strike,
knock
to
to
make a move, as
in chess
:
lo-dzi-dzi, adv.
suddenly, abruptly.
to be timid,
to beat
111,
a drum,
sk
lo-dzo
(li),
V.
cowardly.
lil
:
tofiee against.
.
lo-dzo-dzu-in6, adv.
daily.
oral)
l)0-le, V.
to beat to
down, destroy.
lo-dzH
(li),
V.
to
be attentive, observant
mi
Ill
dza,
V.
lo-dzH, prep,
to be difficult, abstruse.
V.
to
LUK
111
. . .
57
MO
there.
kpa,
(ilB),
V. V.
to
lu-le
to strike
lu-lu, adv.
Iu-in6,
V.
lll-ru, n.
powder of dried
to bathe, to
lu-'wd,
V.
swim.
M.
ma, an
auxil. particle, conveying the idea of con-
me-dze-dzi, num. the two, both. me-dzi, num. two : mcdii medii, a pair. mS-lo? adv. how many ? many (Acts 24, 10) egberui) melo ? how many thousands ?
m-lo-kfi.r), pron.
soine, certain ones.
iye
tinued action.
to reflect, consider. mft, adv. very, truly, well : o m^ seui), you are me-te (mu), v. very kind ; esiij ma sare, the horse runs rapidly. me-do-gui), num. sixteen. ma-de-ko-so, n. a strolling beggar, who tells news me-dzig-me-dz^p, adv. with a spring, elastic manner. for a living.
in
an
mft-di-mi-lo-rur) (mah di mi
sical person.
li
oruij), n.
eight,
by
eights.
ma-do-fur),
mft-dza-la,
through
n.
white leather.
me-fa, num.
six.
n.
the air.
n.
saddle-girth.
me-gbe, me-ne, n.
n.
a kind of broom-grass.
the four,
me-re-rir), num.
by fours.
a covenant.
me-rir), num.
four.
to be skilful.
v.
ma-ga-dzi,
n.
an
:
mfe-ro (m6),
v.
m&h,
adv.
not
n.
71.
emi ko
mah
wi,
(mu),
to be rancid.
ma-ha-ru,
ma-kfi-lu,
the hotel
of a wild
stick.
beast.
me-ta, num.
me-ta-lo-kar),
three.
a forked
n.
which
is triune.
n.
compasses, dividers.
mS-'wa
(mo),
v.
a judge of beauty.
to
a bull
an animal of the cow kind : ako malA, mi, pron. me, my. abd malil, a cow ; omo malil, a calf. ml, V. to breathe : mi
v.
si,
inspire
mi
hele,
to
ma-ni5-dza,
to guess, conjecture.
pant.
ma-na-ma-na,
ma-na-ma-nfi.,
n.
n.
a kind of snake.
lightning.
to restrain oneself. ara), v. in a bright dazzling man-
mi,
V.
to
shake
to
swallow.
ml-e, pron.
See mirai).
cleanness, purity, holiness.
m&-ra-du-ro (mu
ner.
Iiu-m6,
n. M.
ma-rarj-ma-rai), adv.
ma-ra-nii), num. ma-ri-ma-dze, n.
kinds of food.
mi-mu,
sharpness.
another, other.
miO, 2>ron. five, by fives. a person who has no regard for mo-dzu-ku-ro (mu),
whole
I.
v.
to be inattentive,
to con-
n. strips of palm leaf, a garland. ma-sa, w. a kind of pancake. ma-so, adv. only, even.
ma-ri-'wd,
strong.
ma-sa-la-se,
ma-se-gbir),
ma-ta-kS.,
7i.
n.
n.
a mosque.
a kind of antelope.
md-re mo-ru
(mo),
v.
to be grateful.
to be sultry.
to be
(mu),
v. v.
mo-ye
mo,
touched
;
('.
(m5),
to
a smith's hammer.
not to be
drink, to
suck
to
ma-te,
ina-t6,
inter].
n.
a kind of snare.
which
is sacred,
n.
mi6,
V.
be clear,
clean, holy ;
Imnds off!
^wo),
v.
ma-vrd (mu
of.
to
assume
m6, m5,
adv.
V.
again
to
ma-ya-fi,
8
n. n.
a sash,
belt.
ma-ya-mi,
a hunter's ba.gfor
bullets,
dc.
m6 si is employed mean ; as, ki li 4 16 mo eyi si ? wliat does this mean ? 6 g6 mi bi d ti ba m6 eyi si, it puzzles me as to what this means.
know,
to
understand
MOD
mo-di
(odi), V.
to
58
nfi, V. niL, V.
to to
NIG
spend money.
fiog ; to stretch, extend.
v.
build a wall.
brains,
to try
to be
mo-du-mo-du,
n.
marrow.
mo-dze
(adie), v.
v.
by water ordeal.
tame.
to
na-dza
na-ga
(5dia),
to trade, traffic.
in5-dz(i (odi6),
(iga), v.
to stretch in
reaching up.
mo-dzu-mo, v.
mo-kpa-ra
mo-kur), mo-le, V.
v.
to be light in the
morning,
dawn. na-g^-dtl,
n.
a kind of trowsers.
to
ino-kar)-l&, num.
(arA),
to be
eleven.
v.
na-hur)
drunk.
aloud.
(ohui)), v.
to get
lame.
na-mai,
drawn.
ground.
to shine.
n.
is
to
build a house.
to the
mo-lS
niO-16,
(ile),
adv.
na-na,
na-ni,
to one.
n.
v.
madam.
to be careful of, to
V.
to conspire ;
make much
eh ?
of.
m9-16-"WTl, n.
the grape-vine.
closely,
to
mo-ra
(ar4), adv.
v.
near
the
mb-rar) (mo),
to be wise.
know
a Christian.
Sl-lS, V.
to let
v.
down from
above, to lower.
mo-tl (mu),
drunkard."
v.
to
drink
spirits.
na-vro
the
(ow6),
to
spend.
mo-ti-mo-ti,
n.
na-^wo-na-'wo,
n9.-'w6 (ow6), v. hand to hand.
ndai), adv.
not.
n.
to
a spendthrift,
extend the hand, to pass from
m6-ti-in6-ti, adv.
closely joining,
hard
by.
mo-tI-y6,
v.
to get
drunk.
See
adv.
naij.
mu, mu,
V.
ndau, nda-vro,
no.
nde, V, to arise, get up. mil, V. to catch, to hold ; to be sharp ; before an ndze, adv. then, therefore. accusative and verb, to cause ; as, 6 mii mi duro, ne. See na.
he caused
n.
me
to stand,
he upheld
me ;
See naga.
to be, it is, it in, on, at
:
was.
ni bi, whereas, that whereas.
mii,
V.
.
.
to sink, to
.
disappear, as in a crowd.
mu
ba,
V.
to fit
or adapt to ; to employ as a
to have, to
own ; must.
means.
to say. to
mu mu mu mu mu mu mu
Tfxa
Tje-ru,
v.
dze,
v.
to
make
nl,
ni
(cnj),
pron.
a wound.
to see to,
yonder.
ni-b6
(ibe), adv.
there.
. . .
ka-le,
k6r),
here, hence. ni-bi, ni-bi-yi, adv. famine or pestilence. ni-bi-kax), adv. somewhere.
v.
kpa-dS,
to
where, whence.
elsewhere.
crossvnse.
(li),
v.
to
ni-bo-mi-rar), adv.
to confirm.
. .
V.
to
mu-l&
(116),
v.
to
stand firmly,
now and
then.
miu-ntl,
V.
to be active, fiery. to
about, concerning.
mu-ra
(ard), v.
prepare
n.
oneself,
make
mu mu mu mu
ready.
ni-dze-fa, adv.
six
days ago.
ro-16,
v.
to tranquillize.
mu-su-lu-mir)' (Arab.),
. . .
a Mohammedan.
se,
V.
to
V.
bring
to
pass, to fulfil.
introduce, entertain a
ni-dze-rir), adv. four days ago. ni-dze-ta, adv. day before yesterday. ni-dzo-gbo-gbo, adv. every day, daily.
. .
"wfih,
to bring, to fetch. to
ni-dz9-kar)-lo-gbor), adv.
seldom.
vrb,
V.
bring
in,
guest.
ni-gb^
ni-gba-ku-gba, adv.
at
any
tinu, often.
N.
n, adv.
See nn.
ni-gbar)-gba, adv.
publicly, openly.
ni-gba-"wo
the.
? adv.
when
ni-gba-yi, adv,
NIG
ni-gbe-hii), adv.
69
nwor), pron.
nyir), prmi.
they.
ODD
these.
nl-gbo-se, adv.
n-wog-yi, pron.
you.
ni-ha, adv.
ni-hd-ho, ni-hd'-ri-ho,
to be
naked.
N.
r),
ni-ke-hir), adv. at last, lastly. ni-k6, adv. See qko. ilI-k9-ko, adv. in private, secretly.
an auxiliary prefix, denoting an action which is or was in being at the time alluded to in the proposition
;
by, concerning, as
to,
acT),
as,
pron.
!
I.
interj. interj.
ni-kpa-se
(ese),
v.
prep,
to
ni-kpe-kui),
T)gbh.
take
it !
r)gb6
r)kfi.r)
hark ! hear.
ni-kp6, prep,
ni-kpor),
v.
instead
in the
room
of.
(ohui) kaij), n.
a a
6
thing, something.
to be thick, as
a board.
to.
r)kai)-ki'-r)kar), n.
trifling thing.
nl-ku-sa, prep,
Hl-lfi (nl4), V.
near, close
to be large.
r)k6,
it?
v.
to be not
it
i)k6, it is not
he
ri
r)k6
{he saw
is-it-not
ni-lai-lai, adv.
anciently.
ara), v.
to
ni
la-ra
(li
See nio.
you.
of work.
r)yir), pron.
ni-1^
(ni),
adv.
on
the
ground, down.
ni-l9-16, adv.
ni-nft, n.
lately, recently.
extent, extension.
o.
tutu nini, to flourish, as a
O,
ni-ni, adv.
quite (cold)
6,
to
mi
ni-ni, n. ni-ni, n.
hail-stone.
/ will.
he, she,
li, ti,
6, pron.
after
it-is
it,
that
ni-n6, prep,
ni-rar),
v.
among,
in.
and other
particles
as,
emi
li
o de {I
remember.
beloio, beneath.
that came),
not.
I came.
ni-sa-16, prep,
ni-si,
V.
6, adv.
to be
6, aux. jtart.
shall, will.
;
ni'-si-si, ni'-si-si-yi,
now.
.
O-bi,
ji.
a parent
a female, of
cuttle.
nl-sa-dzu, adv.
cerning, in,
before,
formerly
6-bi, n.
the kola or
goorah nut.
a woman.
from.
as
to,
0-b6, n. 6-bo, n.
ni'-ti-kp, cmtj.
pudendum
muliebre.
because, for, for ni'-to-ri, ni'-to-ri-tl, conj. sake of ; prep, for, concerning.
ni-to-ri-nfi, adv.
therefore, wherefore.
roller for
ni'-to-si, jyrep.
near.
O-bu,
n.
which
is insipid, stale ;
:
ni'-t6-t6, adv.
in truth, truly.
to be
O-da-le, n.
disposition.
a breaking down
amiable, of a good nl-"wa-dzu, prep, and adv. before. ni-wo-yi, adv. now.
ni-AvS.
(ni), V.
down.
o-de, n. o-de, n.
the outside, out
of doojrs.
a small
bat.
of.
o-de, n.
O-di, n.
a parrot.
malice,
wrongfulness
odi
si,
opposition,
ni'-ye-n6
ni-yir),
nlfi, V.
v.
(iye in6), v.
to be intelligent.
perverseness.
to be praised, honorable.
o-dl, n.
tree.
a town
wall, breastwork ;
a dumb person.
to be
great
igi nla,
a large
o-di-de.
o-di-di, n.
See ode.
n6,
V.
. . .
to be lost ;
to
wipe
adv.
0-di-n6,
n.
nd
nd,
v.
v.
to
wipe
o-do, 0-d6,
6-do,
n. n.
n.
a mortar
pounding things
in.
noQ-yi, ns6, V.
to rest
to
go
on, jrroceed.
ODO
O-do-do,
0-do-d6,
n. w.
60
O-dzu-mS,
n.
OGU
morning, dawn. a covetous person
;
O-dzu-nlfi., n.
envy, greediness.
O-do-gl, n.
scrofula.
the
O-dzu-rar), n.
dream, a
vision.
O-du,
6-du,
n. n.
companion of Ifa.
n.
0-dzu-r6-re,
O-dzu-ri,
;
K.
boiler, caldron.
n.
.
an
d-dzu-sor),
0-dzu-ti, n.
a fountain.
n.
O-dzu-sa-dzu,
partiality.
and
shame, modesty.
be opened.
O-dze,
0-dz,
O-dzi,
n. n. n.
sap of plants.
lead.
three o'clock in
a reviving, revival.
forty
n.
;
morning.
6-dzi, n.
adultery.
resin.
O-fi, n.
a loom,
a swinger.
O-dzi-a, n.
O-dzi-dzi,
O-fi-dzi, n.
O-fir), n.
forgiveness.
o-dzi-dzi, o-dzi-dzir),
a shadow, shade.
;
6-dzi-dzi, mwrn.
by forties
6-fir), n.
n. suddenness.
6-fo, .
o-dzi-gbe-se,
O-dzi-gboi),
n.
n.
debtor.
0-f5-fo, n.
a busy-body,
n.
of a house.
6-fo-ro, n.
a kind of squirrel.
the
o-dzi-ya, O-dzo,
6-dzo,
n.
n.
one oppressed.
O-fu-ru-fQ,
O-gbi-fo,
M.
firmament, space.
n.
an
interpreter.
ale.
O-gbi-gbi,
n.
a kind of owl.
all.
O-dzo-bo,
a loop.
ague.
n. n.
O-gbo,
for n.
gbogbo, pron.
0-dz6-dzo,
o-dzo-dzfl-le,
n.
every house.
every day, daily.
O-ghQ,
O-dzo-dzu-mo,
O-dzo-gar),
O-dzo-gtir), n.
a kind of scorpion.
O-gbo-dzu, o-gbo-gbo,
0-gbo-ni,
elderly
71.
n.
n.
an
one
inheritor.
o-gbo-16-gbo,
at play, a cheat.
O-dzo-ro,
n.
who cheats
a sort of free-masonry
a respectable
O-dzo-'WU,
n.
a jealous person.
man.
0-dz6-ye,
0-dz5,
n.
;
n.
ruler, officer.
:
bread
0-dz9-ro,
O-dzu,
n.
0-ge-de-gbe, o-ge-de-mgbe,
the eye, face, appearance, edge, O-dztl, M. knife or sword ; an opening : odi(i ona, the middle
n.
headlongness
li
starch of maize.
of
a gate
odifi re
;
wdh
odiu
il|,
he
O-gi-dar), n.
a leopard.
came
a kind of drum. himself (after being insane) al4, a O-gi-dl-gbo, n. dream; odifi aiye, the sky ; oAHl ow6, tlie principal O-gl-ri, n. a yard wall. (money), as distinguished from interest; odz6 orur), O-gi-ri, n. a gallop), a rush of a crowd.
sleep ;
odzfi. ori, the
grave
0-g6,
n.
glory, vaunting.
a wide
to
street ;
cock a
gbe odi<i ako, 6-gO, n. a person sitting at one's door daily to shame him into the payment of a debt. half cock a gun.
0-gO-do,
n.
the
young of cattle, a
calf, colt.
the shin.
n. n.
0-dzu-kar)-n&,
to covet.
immediateness.
covetousness
:
0-dztl-k6'-ko-ro,
0-gO-du-gb6, 71. dropsy. O-go-dze, num. one hundred and forty. in odzukokoro, o-go-dzi, num. forty.
o-gor)-go, n.
the ostrich.
0-dzu-kpo,M.
king takes the
a skylight in
air.
6-gO-ti, n.
O-gU-fe, w.
O-dzu-kpor),
n. n.
trouble, perpleimy.
O-gu-lu-tu,
O-dzu-la-fe-ni,
a time-server, an eye-servant.
O-gu-na,
O-gur), n.
n.
O-dzu-le
(ile), n.
a doorway.
O-dzu-lu-m.6,
n.
an acquaintarwe.
O-gGr),
n.
the
OGTJ
O-gtiQ, n.
6-gtir), n. 6-gtli), n.
61
twenty.
OLO
n.
an inheritance
a chair.
perspiration.
num.
0-kp6,
O-kpo-kpo,
6-gur), n.
O-gilr), n.
leaf.
0-kpo-ro, n. which is common, usual. a corpse, the dead, state of death, insipidity. a charm. O-kQ., n. medicine, poison, a round pole, foot-stalk of a wine-palm o-kli, for alkfl, n. a salutation.
o-ku-ku,
n.
n.
the
O-gn-ro-do,
6-gu-r6,
n. n.
a standing upright.
0-ktl-n9. (5na), n.
0-gu-s5,
palm-wine. a tobacco-pipe.
to
0-kui), n.
O-ktli), n.
strength, ability.
rope,
6h
the
!
usual reply
a salutation.
See
6.
6-kur), n.
the ocean.
6-kur), 6'-kur)-kur), n.
ilo,
vessel,
utensil ;
tool,
0-kur)-fa, n.
an
attraction, encouragement.
ohuq
ini,
instrument
6-llur), n.
o-kur)-ra, n.
o-kur)-ror), n.
n.
anything rotten.
illness.
a sound.
O-ku-ru-ro,
an
ill-natured person,
o-ku-sa,
n.
ale of millet.
n.
0-ku-sa-le,
O-kti-su, n.
worn-out land.
6-ka,
n.
ring.
refuse
from dyeing
a boulder.
vats.
6-kfiri, n.
one cowry.
n.
O-ku-ta,
n.
n.
stone,
6-kar)-ai-ya,
o-ku-y e,
:
6-ke,
n.
top,
hill,
height,
mountain
n.
the cloth-moth.
heaven.
0-1&, n.
n.
o-ke-16,
a package of salt.
a
bit,
6-l, n. 6-le, M.
a
a
roof.
thief, theft.
6-ke-16, n.
a morsel. a
o-ke-re, 6-ke-td,
n.
n.
0-li-fa, n.
;
to Ifa
tohich is
rat.
0-k-hir)-d^
O-kf, n.
renunciation, forsaking.
who
is
hints, or gives
a caution.
o-ke-le-ndze,
dull knife).
a kind of
to fire (as
lizard.
to
which
walled, fortified.
failure
a gun), or
cut (as a
O-lo '-do-do, n.
O-lo-du-ma-re,
God.
O-16-dzo,
n. n.
n.
o-lo-dzu,
O-lo-dzu-kai),
:
as of leather
O-lo-fir), n.
a lawgiver.
a
cat.
o-lo-fo-fo, o-lo-fo-ro.
6-ki-ti, n.
a whitS-ant
hillock,
o-lo-gbo, a 0-16-gb6,
n. n.
heap.
O-lo'-gi-ni, n.
cat.
is honorable, glorious,
a potash-strainer.
o-lo-go, n. 0-16-go, n.
o-lo-gur), n.
who
one
hill for planting yams, corn, d-c. O-ko, ale, afternoon's farm work j oko eru, bondage, slavery. 0-k6, n. a stone.
a farm: oko
0-lo'-gor)-se, n.
o-16-hur)
(li),
a physician. a man of n.
influence.
0-ko-b6,
O-ko-to,
n.
a eunuch; a
n.
liar.
s,
o-lo'-ki-ki, n.
who
is famous.
o-k6 i-bog,
n.
the lock of
gun.
o-16-kur), n.
6-ko,
n.
O-lo'-ku-ror), n.
0-16-14, n.
a professional a
See
stuttering,
oni.
oijkEi.
:
o-kpe,
n.
a simpleton.
6-I0-I6, n.
stammering.
o-lo-ni.
O-kpir), n.
an
(ile),
end, boundary.
n.
o-lo-r)ka.
the
See
0-kpir)-lS
earth.
O-ldre,
n.
a benefactor
who
is
gra-
cious, benevolent.
;
O-kpo,
O-lo-ri, n. O-lo-ri, n,
OLO
O-16-rir), n,
63
o-lu-tar), .
ONI
a a
relative,
singer.
all sorts, variety.
a kinsman,
o-lo-ri-o-ri, n.
O-lu-to, n.
director ; one
who
brings
up a
child,
O-lo'-ri-sa, .
an
idolator.
is
a nurse.
O-lu'-tO-dzti (od^fi), n.
O-lo-ro, n,
which
w.
venomous.
is distinguished,
a guardian, a
keeper,
O-lo'-ru-ko,
who
n.
famous.
O-lu-'wfi, n.
O-lo'-su-ma-re,
0-lo-'w6, n.
which
is
curved.
o-lu-Ava-re, n.
0-lu-"wd,
n.
n.
an individual, a person.
n.
:
0-16-t6, o-16-ti-t6, n.
a just person,
a priest.
one who respects persons,
O-16-ye, O-16-ye,
n. n. n.
O-lu'-'wo-dzQ,
noble.
O-loyo,
O-lo, n.
0-l<i, n.
the yellow
monkey.
O-mi,
water
omi
o'-mi-d&i), n.
O-ml-rar), n.
ofig,
giant.
other, another, the other.
a lawgiver or
o-nif-rfl.r),
pron.
m.
otvner.
O-lCl, n.
o-mi-rli), n,
o-mi-to-ro,
or feeds ;
O-lu-bO,
who
beats
a om-ni-ra,
M.
a free person,
tied to the body,
mud floor.
O-lfl-lju-koi), n.
O-mu,
adds, or blesses.
n. n.
the grass-nut.
O-nde,
an amulet
n,
o-lu-da-nde,
o-lu-da-re, n.
O-lu-fe, n.
n.
a redeemer, ransom^r,
is justified.
O-nde-re,
a parrot,
food.
:
o-ndze,
o-ni, n.
n.
who
loves,
or
is beloved.
0-ltl-fi-s5r), n.
accuser, plaintiff.
6 de
li
came
the
to-day.
0-lu-f9'-kar)-sI, n.
O-nl-ba-ta, n.
o-lu-fu-ni,
n.
giver.
o-nl-bo-de,
o-nl-bu-sl,
n.
n. w.
0-l<l-gba-l&, n.
one
who
blesses,
0-lu-gb3.-ni, n.
a helper,
lifts
o-ni-d&,
creator, maker,
O-lu-gbe,
n.
who
o-lu-gbCg-gbo,
cloth is fulled.
n.
O-lu'-gbo-ro,
n.
o-nl-da-dzo, n. a judge. a smooth round block on which o-nl-da-la-re, n. ajustifier. an adviser, proposer. 0-ni-dfi.-m&-rar), n. a cudgel. O-ni-da-nde, n. a redeemer.
up, or raises.
0-lu-gb6,
n.
believer.
<
o-ni-dar)-"wo, n.
o-nl-di-kar), n.
the oth^r
o-lu'-ko-lo.
See abiku.
n.
O-lu'-ko-re,
a reaper, crop-gatherer.
n.
slave.
(fi),
o-lu-ko, o-lu-ko-ni,
cutioner.
a
n.
teacher.
o-nl-ffi-ra-ro
exe-
stipporter, backer.
o-lu-kpa, o-lu-kpa-ni,
a murderer, an
o-ni-fa-ra-Tve,
o-nl-fe-fe, n.
n.
an
imitator, emulator.
boaster.
a proud person,
o-ld-kpa-mo,
n.
a preserver.
n.
O-ni-fo, n.
is long-suffering.
a washer.
o-lu-kpa'-ra-in9,
O-ltl-kpi-le-se, n.
one
who
0-nI-gfl.r), n.
U catechumen of an
idol.
a beginner, author,
one who
is
O-lu-kpir), n.
a sharer, divider.
poor, distressed.
o-l<i-kpor)-dzti, n.
debtor.
o-ni-gb9-"wo
O-nl-ha-le,
n.
(gba), n.
a surety.
n.
o-ln-mbxai),
n.
a wise man.
a helper. a sender, a sheep-shearer.
who
is
poverty-stricken.
(in6),
o-ltl-rar)-16--wo, n.
o-ni-ka, o-iii'-ka-n6
one
who
is crtul.
:
o-lu-rar)-se, n.
o-lu-rS, n.
a comforter. a a a
server, worshipper.
o-ni-ke-ke-re, n. one who has little of a thing little faith. eijyii) onikekekere igbagbo, ye of
o-nl-ke-re, n.
o-nl-ki-ri, n.
o-lu'-re-ror) (iroq), n.
O-lu-sir), n.
a small person.
a wanderer.
one
o-l(i-sa-r6, n.
a thoughtful person.
doer, actor.
victor, conqueror.
O-ni-kO
(iko), n.
n.
who
is
O-lu-se,
n.
O-ni-kpa,
hater.
one
who
takes part in
a transaction, a
O-lu-se, n.
participator, sharer.
O-lu'-se-tar), n.
an enemy, a
:
o-nl-kpe-ld,
O-ni-kpir),
n.
n.
one
lie
0-lu-s5, n.
a watcher
0-lu'-s6-gba (ogba),
n.
a gardener.
of events.
ONI
O-ni-ku,
n.
63
O-ri, .
ori
0^1
the head, top ;
n. butter.
one who
.
is
mortal.
betrayor, traitor.
butter :
o-nl-ku-kpa-ni,
0-ni-l&, n.
amo,
who
is tattooed or
circumcised.
o'-ri-ka
(ika), n.
the
0-nI-13.-dz3, n.
a peace-maker.
wJio is healthy.
o-ri-ke, n.
O-ri-lS, n.
O-nl-le-ra, . o-nl-lo-ra, n,
a family,
who
is slothful.
a nation.
O-rir), n.
O-ni-na
(ina), n.
which
is fiery.
the
0-ni-ni, n.
a possessor. a persecutor.
o-ni'-no-ni-bi'-ni, n.
0-nl-n6 dl-ddr) (ino), n. a good-natured person. o-ni-n6 fu-fu, n. a pure-hearted person. 0-ni-n6 ti-te, n. a meek person.
o-nl-re-ra,
n. n.
stall,
o'-ri-sa, n.
an
loho is proud.
0'-ri-s&-ko (oko), n.
O'-ri-sa-nlS., n.
the farm-god.
O-nlre-l^,
O-ni-ro-ra,
who
,
is
humble.
a name o/"Obatala.
priesCs work, the priestly
o-nI-r6-bi-n6-dzf
n.
n.
is is
who
hairy.
is broken-hearted.
who
which
pained, in sorrow.
priesthood.
O-ni-roi), n.
O-ro, n.
honey
the
with
provo-
O-ni-ru, n.
one
n. n. n.
o-nl-ru-ru,
O-ro,
n.
god of
civil
o-nl-sa-dzu,
o-ni-sa-dzu,
O-ni-se, n.
0-ni-sl, n.
o-nl-si-ti, n.
modest, bashful.
partial,
o-r6, n.
venom of
reptiles ;
Hie
O-nl-se-gTir), n.
doctor.
oro, to be tormented.
6-r6, n.
thing.
the indigenous
mango.
O-ro-bo,
n.
good
luck, fortune.
O-nl-BO-gui),
a a
doctor, physician.
trader,
O-ro-mbo
o-ro-re, n.
(oro ambo), n.
an orange,
face.
lime, lemon.
0-nI-s6-"W0, n.
pimples on the
bitterness, gall.
oil
:
O-nl-SO-na, n.
O-nl-tu-'bu, n.
a mechanic. anyone,
lit.
O-ro-ro, n.
their person.
0-m-ti-'wor),^ro?i.
o-r6-ro, n.
6-rO, n.
fi
ami ororo
is tender.
yai), to anoint.
a jailor.
O-ni-'wa, n. who has a disposition or character ; circumstance : oniwa iwa, all circumstances or con- O-ru, n.
ditions.
O-rCl, n. n.
heat, steam.
a pitcher, jug,
night.
n,
6-ru,
n.
o-ru-ba,
an
n.
oil-pot.
a greedy person.
o-ru-ga r)dzo,
O-ru-gu-du,
o'-ru-ka,
n.
n.
midnight,
bottle.
O-ni-ye,
0-n6,
or), n.
n.
one
a short thick a
pron.
OX), conj.
6r), jyron.
a ring. a name
n.
:
lie-goat.
roof,
it.
sleep
the
sets ;
lam
sun
sleepy.
rises ;
or)-fe, n.
one
who
is charitable.
:
sun
omij
la, the
orui)
w6,
or)-gbe, n.
thirsty.
thirst
/ am
or was
the
sun
O-rtlr), n.
or)-ka,
n.
one
who
a a
counter.
saver.
O-se, n. 0-s6, M.
O-sil), M.
paint.
the
013-ld, n.
or)-nfi,
pron.
or)-ro-ro, n.
Ol)-se, n.
one who
is austere.
6-sir), n.
hippopotamus. which is tamed, a domestic animal, cattle. the left, the post of honor : osir) yama, the
the lips for sorrow ; the club
south.
0-r4, n. o-re, n.
0-se, n.
a smacking of
See
osc.
of Saijgo.
0-se-se, n.
O-si, n.
O-re, M.
6-re, n.
meat of
misery.
n.
o-re-re.
o-re,
n.
Sec okpokpo.
the porcupine.
o-sise,
wretch.
oso
O-SO, n.
64
si,
OFO
prostration.
the
a
n.
to bewitch.
9-ba-le, n.
0-S0-n6,
O-SU,
n.
an
ill-natured person.
0-bfi.r)-gi-dzi, n.
the
O-ba-ta-lS., n.
the origirmting
o-su-kpa, n. O-su-ma-re,
o-su-me-re,
O-SU-SU,
.
moon.
rainbow, semicircle.
lily.
a grove,
thicket
kpa oAu^u,
form a 9-b&,
n.
grove, to
stand in a grove.
O-be-do,
o-bo, n.
hence,
6-su-'wor), n.
O-td., n.
a measure, a weight.
of a house.
otito idi, the true cause or reason.
green color.
seller.
a baboon.
coarse white cloth.
O-te, n.
O-ti-tO, n.
the corner
9-b6, n.
5-b9i),
n.
truth
O-to-lo, w.
O-to-si.
a hind of antelope.
See
osise.
(insect).
6-t6, n.
truth.
n.
o-tor)-kpar)-yar),
O-tu, O-tu-tu, n.
one
who
creates disturbance.
the head.
plain (not marked). O-dfi, n. drought, dearth, need ; old ale do you need anything ? nyii) ?
6-da,
n.
which
is
od4 da
cold,
a cold in
wax.
n.
one toho
is
shameless.
talker.
an a
inconsistent story ;
a vain
species
of fig-tree.
to
an owl.
6-dar), n.
a prairie.
0-"W0, n.
O-WO,
6-"WO,
n.
a horn. a boil.
cowries,
trade, n.
q-de,n.
a hunter: de ode,
a piazza.
n.
0-'w6, n.
n.
money
id owo, to
make money.
prey. 9'-de-de, n.
traffic :
se owo, to trade.
-wd-bo-de,
tax, customs.
o-AVO-kaQ-ai-ya,
n.
the bosom.
-wd-se
-"wCl, n.
(ise), n.
wages.
a remnant of cloth in the loom. a living being li odo, si odo, ti o-Ag, 9do ; see lod9, sodo, todo lati odo, from. 9-d6, n. the young of domestic animals : odo agu9-di-a-kpa-sa,
n. presence of
. :
ta^,
a lamb.
every year, yearly
:
li
S-AVU-rb,
n.
morning.
n.
g-dg-dvLT), n.
od9duri
li
ri
i,
O-'WU-SU-'WU-su,
O-ya,
n.
we
g-Agi), 9-dur), n.
melo ? how often ? nwoij 9-dtlr), n. a year. O-ye, a band, a girth ; that which is broken off. k6 li oye gba, tkey set no number (of times). 9-dzfi, n. a market, merchandise, intellect : oye ye mi, I un- 5-dza, n. n. understanding, 0-y6, derstand ; k6 li oye, he has no sense. o-dze-hur), n. a glutton. d-ye, n. a title of honor, office : die oye, to hold an o-dz6, n. time, a day : odi6 ale, afternoon ; odi6 ibi, n. birthday ; odio idio, assembly-day ; odi6 office.
a number
:
li ariij
O-yi, n.
giddiness
oyi r)kpa
mi
loh,
/ am
dying
iwa, the
of vertigo.
0-yi-b6, 0-i-b6, n. a white 7nan. a honey-bee, honey : oy'iri O-yirj, n.
oyiq alugbe, bees in a hive.
n.
"n.
world
day of being, the creation, beginning of odi6 isi, a notable day, an epoch.
a place of settlement, lodging-place
to set
:
the
5-dzo,
\gax),
n.
so
. . .
wild honey ;
li
6dzo,
or place. (Gen.
1, 17.)
9-dz9-dz9,
:
n.
O-yo,
a small owl.
9-dz6-dz9-dz6,
a hand-saw
li
many
O-yQr),
pregnancy ;
oyuij, to
ceive, to be 2)regnant.
and
twenty.
an arrow, a
pawn.
pledge,
a paion
the stale of
o.
O, ])ron.
being in
6-fe
thou.
lie,
an exclamation of
the street.
those
who carry a
corpse
through
it.
6, pron.
5, adv.
she,
9-f, n.
b-fe, n.
gratuity, gratis.
the
not.
shall, will.
;
dawn, a gentle
breeze.
, aux. part,
O-fe-re, w.
:
O-ba,
n.
a king
n.
father, sire
9-fii), n.
pit-fall.
O-ba-kar),
a father's kinsjKople.
o-f5, n.
OFO
6-fo, n.
O-for), n.
65
O-ke,
the
n.
OLO
a sack. a proper name of a man.
the squirrel.
:
mourning for
the neck.
the dead.
P'-ke-re, n.
O-ga,
n.
;
who
oga
n.
is exalted,
a hero
Oga Ogo,
:
Most O-ke-re,
O-ko,
71.
n.
High
O-gar),
orisa, the
chameleon.
a husband a hoe;
oko
ij^awo, a bridegroom.
:
jo
ogai),
to
put 0-k6,
rup.
n.
the shoulder-blade
oko
asa,
stir-
forth spurs.
O-gfir), n.
an instant
the large
n.
the hilloclc
;
n.
:
a
.
canoe,
ti
boat,
ship,
trough, shuttle
5-gai), n.
wild hoar
:
a^vain boaster.
s]war
nwofl ba
oko
loh, they
went by ship.
o-gar)-dzo,
darkness.
midnight
or oiyposite
0-gar)-rar), n.
g-ghSi, n.
a straight course.
O-ko-kai), num.
o'-kori-ri, n.
o-ko-la-ya, 6-ko-lo-bi-ri,
a maii.
a married man.
wound : nw9i)
0-k6-se, H. one roho refuses to do a thing. de ino, they O-kpa, n. a staff, a pole : okpa ikpo, a travellinggba, ogbe
staff:
were cut
to the heart,
morrhage.
O-kpa-gui),
n.
n.
an
ensign,
a banner.
O-gbe-le
gbdro,
(ile),
dry land
ara ogbel|, iku abenu 0-kpai-mb6 (okpe ainb6) n. the pine-apple. death with a wide o-kpa-ko, n. a pole to push a canoe. thunder,
:
d-gbo-do, no !
n.
0-kpS.-la-ba, n.
interj.
bottle,
vial.
O-kpa-lai,
n.
squabble,
dispute.
O-kpe,
;
n. n.
the oil-palm.
the
O-kpS,
thanks
n.
n.
da 9kp, ^e okpB,
to
thank.
o-kpe-le,
e,
wisdom, cunning
fi
9gboi) ^e
he O-kpe-re,
did
it
wisely.
thirty.
0-kp6,
n.
0-gb6r), num.
6-gbor),
n.
o-kpo-16,
o-kpor),
n. n.
gauze.
wisely.
subtlety, dis-
o-kp6-lo-kpo,
abundance.
o-gb6r)-gbor), adv.
honest dealing.
a boiol.
n.
o-kpo-'wom,
6-kur), n.
O-la, n.
5-lfi, n. 9-IS., n.
an innumerable swarm.
;
an
insect (Tiilus)
a stupid person.
the banana.
the cassava.
to-morrow.
honor, authority, majesty.
wealth, safety.
0-ge-g6,
n.
n.
O-gerd,
O-ge-yi,
n.
which
cold
is gentle, soft.
n.
0-19.-dza, n.
(of salt).
a peace-maker.
o-la-ra, n.
9-le, n.
an envious person.
laziness, one
who
is lazy.
o-go-dzo, num.
o-go-fa, num.
o-go-rir),
and
twenty.
num.
o-go-rui), num.
one hundred.
sixty.
9-lo-dz3., n.
an
executioner.
o-go-ta, num.
O-har), adv.
.
9-lo-gar)-rar), n.
9-lo-gb3., n.
a kind of cricket.
yes.
a gardener.
n.
O-he,
a stupid person.
tJiat
g-lo-ghdt),
:
a wise person.
to,
5-h.ur), n.
there,
li
61iuij,
yonder.
which has, or pertains 9-15-kar), olokai} niirao, one ivith a holy heart.
n.
a heart
0-k&,
n.
Guinea corn,
9-l9-k9,
9-16-k9,
71.
71.
name of a
re.
disease
oka
ikfi,
the death
9-19-kpa, 9-lo-kpa-ga,
policeman.
O-19-la,
71.
staff-bearer,
bailiff,
struggle.
0'-ka-ndz<l-a,
9-kai), num.
coincide.
avarice, a miser.
an ho7iorable or
official
person.
one, the
same
ie okai),
to
agree,
6-kar), n.
O-kaiJ-lfi, nu}n.
OLO
O-16-ro, n.
66
5-rir), .
OTO
diarrhoea:
biiij
O-lo-rur) (6
oruij), n.
God, a
'
name never
ap-
e, Jie is
sick of diarrhoea.
orisa.'
e.
O-ro, n.
euphorbia.
i.
a land privateer.
6-r6,
n.
a kind of rope.
equivocation., deceit.
a distant a
relel,
relative.
0-r6, n.
O-Td, n.
O-lo-te, n.
O-lo-ti, n.
a seditious man. a
loealth ;
O-lo-to, n.
zen.
5-r9, n.
;
a word,
citi-
or9
idiiijle,
a mystery.
O-mo,
ces ;
a kernel:
qmo
9-rur), n.
a bow,
agbo, a lale
omo
hades
o-rtlr),
oke
orui), heaven.
omo
ale,
a lastard
omo
eliiq,
a follower, a
num.
one hundred.
disciple ;
soldier ;
omo 9do, a lody-scrvayit ; omo ogui), a 9-rur)-la, n. dried okra. omo kewu, a scholar, school-child ; om9 O-sa, n. name of the lake at Lagos. odzu, pupil of the eye ; omo ok1i, an orphan ; omo O-Sfi, . flight, retreat : sk osk, to flee from. own, a smithes hammer ; om9 odo, a pestle ; omo 5-sa, n. a space of time : 6sa agogo kag, the
4ika,
space
of an hour.
girl,
daughter.
9-S&, n.
9-Sfi.r),
robbery.
O-mo-d&r),
n.
a young woman. a
child.
n.
daytime.
o-mo-dd,
n. n. n. n.
q-ShX), n.
an
esculent fruit,
o-mo-dir),
9-sar)-gar)-gai), n.
0-sai)-har), n.
midday.
o-mo-dd,
a rivulet.
tender leaves of a tree.
n.
O-mo-dur),
0-sar)-hir), n.
O-se, n.
the
god of medicine.
o-mo-ko-ko,
O-mo-le (ilo), O-mo-lo-dzu
a potter.
n.
the sabbath,
0-in6-kor)-ri (okoqri),
n.
(li),
a loy, a son.
o-se-ge, n.
the house-lizard.
n.
n.
9 -sir),
n.
an
a grand-child.
5-sir), n.
another person, another. 0-s6, n. much talk, exaggeration, complaining. a brother or sister by the 6-SUl), n. a common pot-herb. n. o-mo-no-ya (in6 iya), same mother. a bow-string, a cord : oikxi enia, a long o-h&X), n.
o-m9-ni-ke-dzi,
O-mo-rl
o-in6-se
0-xa.o-ti,
(ori),
n.
lid, as
of a pot.
(ese), n.
n.
toe.
drunkard,
tippler;
kind
of O-si-gi,
o-sii), n.
n.
n.
ant.
O-mu,
fat
9-na,
m.
decoration,
show
b-sg, n. an iron digger ; mechanic's work, carving, decoration. a rat-trap ; a hard kind of wood. 0-S0r)-S0r), n. a road, a channel ; a president of any de- 0-s6-ro, n. drippings of rain from the eaves of the . 5-na, partment of government : as, 5na Iwefa, the chief of house, a cascade : osor9 adire, a young chicken ;
stick to divide the woof.
n.
the
cil
Eunuchs
5na
Coun-
6kai),
o deadly
0-n9,
n.
o-r&, w.
marrow.
0-X&, n.
5-rar), n.
to
an
executioner.
fi
5rai) loh,
O-te, n.
enmity, rebellion.
appeal.
o-te-se, n.
9-tI, n.
g-\,g, n.
a private informer.
:
O-re, n.
0-r, n.
difference, separateness
;
enia 4
ma ya
It
qiq^
5-re, n.
men
are different
ya
si
alms.
from.
a small cowry-bag made of grass.
9-t9'-k9-lu, M.
O-tor), n.
n.
salt.
O-re-ke-se,
o-re-re,
6-re-re, w.
O-ril),
convulsions.
eighty.
nvm.
9-t6r), n. as to rank.
the whole population. holy water in the idol houses, &c. the right hand side or direction ; second,
OTO
0-tor)-lS., n.
67
ra-na
ra-nti
of rar),
to
v.
REL
(ina), v.
to
the
day
after to-morrow.
fire.
0-to-t9,
11.
ra-ndztl a
shower
(ni odzii), v.
9-'wS,
rain.
n.
(ni cti), v.
remember.
sew
: ;
O-Ava-ra,
which
is
scattered,
to twist, to spin, to ;
to
rai)
send
to
help ;
grow slowly
;
to
endure
ikpo, to speak
o-'wa-ri-rl, n.
n.
a trembling.
ironically
us.
V.
raq loh,
to
appoint
rai) ni si
wa, send
a company invited to do a piece of work, to b-Ave, an accomplice, abetting : 6 die ole li 6we, he aided xhX),
the thief.
to
to shine,
-we-re, n.
o-"w-re,
n.
le-ti
v.
to
remind.
to dazzle. to help.
to-
a kind of perch.
lo-dzu
19--WO
lu,
V.
(li), v. (li),
O-'WO,
n. n.
ina,
a broom.
the
v.
0-'w6,
hand
rag
rar)
to
owo
fame ; owo
n.
attain
to.
gether.
. . .
h-'vro, n.
honor, respect.
ni-rai), v.
remind.
0-"WO-d6-'W9,
0-"W9-le,
n.
hand
time (for
rar)
ni-se,
v.
v.
send on business.
rar)-se,
to to
v.
9-W9r),
O-'VJ'qx),
n. n.
retaliation, recompense.
raij-so,
V.
to eject
venomous rarj-Avu,
to
spittle.
ra-ra, adv.
scarcity, dearness, as to price
;
at
0-'w6r), n.
person.
(i-'wgi), n.
loudly.
to linger in sickness.
a pillar, a column.
hire,
rau-rau, adv.
re,
V.
entirely.
off,
O-ya,
n. M. n.
M.
wages.
(tlie
to
shed
to
moult.
off,
O-ya,
o-ya,
the
Niger
wife of Sai)g6).
r, rS,
v.
V.
to
to
spring or go
a creature
the
O-ye,
a hedge-liog. harmattan-wind.
like
go
to be
good
adv.
as a trap.
ivclL
re-l)i (ebi), v.
to journey, travel.
0-y9-im-si,
n.
the elders of
Oyo.
or
efii)),
v.
to
break a law.
to
R
ra,
V.
re-ke, adv.
ih
to
..
k9-dza,
;
to perish, dissipate ; to to
ache slightly.
surpass
to
tie
adv.
to be
to cross over, to
pass beyond,
:
to
much, surpassingly
re
mi kodia,
xSl, v.
rfl, V.
rub upon
to
crawl, to struggle.
buy ;
together, to
r6-k<l,
to
re-ra,
proud.
re-re, adv.
rS-re, n.
well.
to pity.
a piece of scarlet
>.
cloth.
manner,
ra-di,
v.
to
recompense, retaliate.
to be peevish, sp>lenetic ; to hover, as to
ra-d9
(edo),
v.
re-ri,
v.
to be
ra-d9-b6,
a hen
to shelter.
re-ni,
v. V.
to be entirely
to expect,
ra-dzo
re-ti, go a journey, travel. a child bom after the re, V. r2.-gar)-bl (ro agar) bi), n. mother has been long barren. r, V.
(re), v.
hope
pick the
ear.
skim milk ;
to stick
or adhere,
r8.-hur) (ohui)),
be perplexed.
v.
v.
to
murmur, grumble.
:
to be friendly ;
to suit, agree.
ra-hur)-ra-hur),
perplexity
so rahuqrahui), to
xh,
ra-ko, ra-ko-ro,
v,
to craiol, creep, as
an
insect.
to be weary, heavy of heart, humbled ; to V. comfort or quiet ; to shed leaves, fade, withe?; to be red ; to increase or multiply. his, her, its,
v.
ra
ku-na,
(ile), v.
v.
to
crumble.
rh, pron.
thy
him,
thee.
ra-le
ra-le
to lath. to be evening.
re
adv.
dze,
v.
to cheat. to set
(al5), v.
re-ge
loudly,
(re), v.
a snare.
ram-ram, ra-mu-ra-mu,
harshly r6-kp5,
to agree, accord.
v.
to lath.
REL
re re
...
68
; to
RU
. . .
16
:
(ile),
v.
to
abase
.
.
relS, to he
v.
humble, ro
lo-dzu,
(&na),
V.
to be
or seem difficult.
to
r6-na
;
v.
to
open a road,
spy
to
meet by
mo-lS,
to
mow.
to
appointment.
re-re, adv.
closely
Ic
rere,
pursue
smile.
rere
ro-n6
(ino), v.
to meditate, to be
v.
solemn.
odzu, an eye-servant.
re-rir), v.
to
laugh
v.
reriij wesi, to
re-roi)
(iroij),
to shear, to
. . .
ro-n6-kpi--wa.-da, ro-re, n. a pustule, a pimple. ro-ro, adv. with a fine red color.
r6-ro,
n.
V.
to repent.
xe
... si-lS.
(oyiij),
See re
v.
16.
to take
hive.
ro-ro,
TO,
V.
harsh.
to
heretofore.
to be, to
to slacken, to
wither ;
have
to see, to seem, to
find
to be
lect into
a mass.
defiled.
ri, v.
r6,
to sink, to
drown,
;
to hide, to
plant a
tree
or a
turn from a course or position, to yield or give place, to bend or break at the edge ; to gush
V.
to
to piass
to explain, to translate.
;
r5,
to
V.
to cool, ease,
to
mitigate
to be soft ;
to
rain
ri-di
(idi), v.
to
swing,
of a matter.
ri
. . .
press, insist
to receive.
suspend on a thing, to lean ; to urge, on ; to fabricate from any raw mateor ivory.
to
gbk,
V.
V.
rl-ki-sl,
ri-nd9,
rir), V.
v.
to
n.
a plot. r6-be-re,
v.
ri-ndo-ri-nd9,
a weight.
rll), V. ril), V.
to water, to be ivet ;
press
to the earth, as
rodio
si,
to
sprinkle
to
to
laugh.
walk, wander, sail ;
to tickle
:
ro-dzo, V. to loither. 6ko na m^ r6-dzu (odzu), v. to persevere, to bear patiently, to try. r5-dzu, v. to be tame, gentle, as an animal.
rir)
Ie-d9
(li),
v.
to
make
ro
gba-kfi., V.
V.
to
to nauseate.
ro-gbo-kH,
;
to lean
ri-rar), n.
'a sending
re.
brightness.
See
rai).
ro-gui),
V.
a watch for
to
pro-
ri-rar), f .
to see, to see
a vision or wonder.
duce, as yams.
ri-re.
ri-ri, n.
sight.
See
ro-ke-ke,
which
is seen or to be seen,
v.
to
make
;
seeing, sight ;
public enterprise
ro-kir),
v.
to
See
ri.
rl-rl, adv.
slightly (trembling).
ro-koi),
V.
rt-ri, adv.
rl-ri, n.
greatly (trembling).
ro-kpo
ro-kp5,
ro-le,
V.
(ikpo), V.
V.
to take the
place of another.
a sinking.
See
ri.
to
mix, mingle.
rir)-ril3, adv.
ri-ro, n.
to cease, to be tranquil.
V.
ro-in6,
to
v.
ri-ru, n.
issuing forth
ro-no,
r9r), V.
V.
V.
to fast, to be to to
solemn.
ri
sfi.,
V.
shun.
ro,
V.
to
;
tell,
to
dip chew,
into, to sop.
clock
to
cut weeds
from
ground,
to
till ;
to
r5r), V.
to be sick :
6
n.
rbx)
^gba, he
is sick
of palsy.
drip or drop, as water ; to pain, to throb ; to stand erect ; to excite : ro kal, to publish abroad.
id,
V.
r9-nd9i)-r9-nd9r),
r5r)-gfl.r), v. to be
jyaleness.
intend ;
of, to
to trouble.
rox)-gbgi), n.
Tgi)-Tgx),
V.
the beard.
to be easy.
ro-dzo ro-dzu
rd-dzu,
TO-guV),
(edzo),
(odiu),
V.
v. V.
to give
account
ansxoerfor^
to delay.
r5-ra
(ara),
v.
to be gentle,
go softly
ma
rora, be
to
to
V.
drain
off, distil.
careful ! a road.
common
salutation
on meeting
in the
r6-r9, m.
brightly (red).
to till, to farm.
ru,
V.
to rise, swell, to
to
ro-ko
ro-le
(oko),
(lie), V.
V.
smoke,
to be elevated, to be
be agitated, to
to
break
out, to be exposed ;
to
mingle.
RU
rtl, V.
to bear,
;
69
lean
:
SI
V.
carry
to be
rCl
16h, to
remove sai),
to be in
health
;
to
a thing
ril
sai) tele, to
prepay
sarj
esai), to
ril-bo (ebo),
v.
die, he is
Utile better ;
aiya
in the world.
sar), adv.
Sfi-I), v.
ru-du-ru-du,
ru-fir)
(ofii)),
n.
V.
confusion.
to
around
to crack, to split ;
to
thunder.
a cloud. sar) -ma, n. rd-gu-du, V. to be thick and short. ru-ke-ru-d6 (6ke odo), v. to make a tumult. sar)-ra (ar4), v. to be healthy, to be fat. ru in strips or sVqys. v. to make one vomit. sar)-sar), adv. lai-ya (li), ru-lu (ilu), V. to stir up the town, to cause sedition. sar)-yai3, n. silk. sa-ra (si), prepi. on, in (after a verb of motion). ru-lu-ru-lu, a-ru-lu, n. a seditious person. ru-n6 (iiio), v. to be vexed, indignant. sa-ra, sa-ra-hfi, n. alms (Mohammedan),
. . .
rtir), V.
to
consume, destroy
to
to
break
to pieces, to
sa-re
(ire),
v.
to
run.
perish.
rClr), V.
Sfi-re, n.
to stink ;
chew a
stick, to
rub
the teeth
sa-re-kpe-gbe,
calls
the messenger
of a
society,
who
with a
stick.
to
the
members
the
together.
before
i\ii)-lh (ile), V.
sa-ri, n.
the fast.
Mohammedan meal
in the midst,
day during
verb
ru-ru, adv.
confusedly.
v.
ru-'we
(ivve),
Sfi-rir) (si),
prep, of motion).
among
(after a
sa-r6-ta, .
cigar.
to
sa-ru-ba,
s.
Sfi.-se, V.
n.
to
a border sewed
a blanket or sheet.
make a feast.
sa ?
adv.
where
sfi, V.
dry in
the
sun
sa
S&-"w6
s6,
V.
interj.
behold ! look !
to close
now, only : s4gb6! hear now! miss, in shooting. S^ V. to aim or point at, as with a gun to attempt, s6, V. to cook, to dye cloth or leather. to make : st\ se-bo (ihq, feeding), v. to grow fat, to be gross. akpere, to make a model or pattern. a lohile, for a time. adv. se-d6 (odo), v. to dam. sfi,
for;
adv.
to flee from.
to
shut a door,
up
to be
barren, to
sfi-ba
(sill)), V.
to sit, as to take
a hen, to incubate.
se-gi-ri
(sa), v.
v.
V.
to be chilly.
sa-di
(idi), v.
to be to
V.
barren or unfruitful.
tection.
se
v. v.
m6,
n.
(so),
sa-ga-da-ga,
sfi.-ga-ti
to
battle.
se
mo-16,
V.
(aga),
encamp
to besiege.
against, to cast
up se-se,
se-SO
bear fruit.
5, 39.)
sa-gba-ra-ka
cially
(so
agbara ka),
to
v.
to fortify,
espe-
se-si, adv.
se, adv.
with stockades.
(ogui)), v.
n.
sa-gur)
make a charm.
dried provender.
dide
he
s6,
V.
se,
emphatic and nearly expletive: as, i) 6 / will arise (Luke 15, 18) ; 6 mb6 se o,
('
sa-ka-ni,
the
surrounding neighborhood.
liay, to
is
really coming
to strain, as
'
pleonastic).
;
sfi.-ka-sfi.-ka, n.
milk
to
deny
6 s6 Oluvta
r6,
sa-kpa-mo,
sa-kpa-ra,
sa-kpe-re,
v.
v.
abscond, hide.
n.
barren land.
to
to distil, as
make a
to
to interrogate, inquire.
sa-ku-sa,
sfi.
n.
song.
se-gi, n.
sa-la-hfi, sfi-la-lfi, n.
. . .
a kind of apron.
to set
a kind of bead, ancient Egyptian beads from the earth at If and other places. dug
behind, outside ; prep, backward (after a verb of motion).
(si),
la-mi
(li),
mark
or seal on.
se-hir)
adv.
back,
sa-lar)-ga, n.
a privy.
V.
sa
19-dza,
V.
memory.
se-m.i (omi),
v. v.
to to
drip, to filter.
sS-mi
riors).
(sir)),
Obrui) semi
sign on.
sl, V.
to be.
rg,
God
sarjma.
to
mark,
to
make a
SI
si,
70
F
SON
.
prep,
to the
to,
; mo y6 si i, / SO-ri (si), jJrep. on, upon, on the top of. wa, they are far from SO-r6, V. to hang up so as to swing, to suspend. to marry persons, unite in marriage. us ; bo si yara, go into the room. SO-yi-gi, V. to throw, to leap ; to move a V. and. SO, Sl, conj. thing ; to sew where ? a, wound or broken calabash, to mend ? sa ? adv. si-a up ; to cause
si ikii, %oe
go k ye
house
against, of, at, from, in, into : 16h si il6, ; 6 dide si mi, he arose against me ;
SO
lo-ror)
V.
(li),
v.
to
hang a person.
so-m6,
to tie to.
rejoice at it ;
nwor) diina
it is
good,
it is well.
or make, (see so
stem, as leaves.
di)
to
shoot forth
from
or
;
the
si-b6
si-bi
(si),
adv.
more: 6 wa
sib|, he
is yet alive.
(si),
s5,
here, after a
V.
to speak,
6, 1
talk,
pronounce,
to call
name
come
adv.
verb of motion.
(Luke
3)
to
to
si-ha
(si),
prep,
by,
down, descend,
shoulders
:
to let
ox put
down from
to
the
head or
motion.
si-hir), si-hir)-yi, adv.
here.
expound, explain
gainsay.
to,
s8 odi
si,
speak against,
to
sik-sik,
sl-ki-sl-ki, n.
si-kpa
si-1^ Sl
(si),
prep,
con-
cerning.
(si),
SO SO
so
. .
dfi-ho-ro
(di),
v.
to desolate.
dai-in6,
(idi), V.
v.
to pollute.
adv.
to the
ground, down.
;
si-mi,
. . .
V.
to rest, to
v.
pause
so-dl
!
to explain,
to
prove.
interj. simi
Jmsh /
di, V.
to
cause
to
be or to
do
;
so so
.
dl ^saij,
ndze,
to imitate,
mock.
to
bring
naught,
so
. .
.
to
annihilate
di nl4, to
. . .
sl-ni-kfi, n.
pewter.
make great ;
kpikpS,
di
mimo,
to
sanctify ; so
di
si-ni-si-ni, n.
a tyrant.
into,
to increase.
si-n6, prep,
sir), adv.
among.
tete, first or early:
SO-do
SO-fa
(si),
prep,
to
to,
unto a person.
to
6 tete do
Sli), V. sir), V. to to
(9fa), v,
(si),
pmt in pawn,
pledge.
SO-hur)
to sneeze. to to
adv.
to string, as
beads
to ;
bury
tion to.
to serve, to
worship
to
to
accompany,
;
lead ;
so
. .
ka-lS,
V.
to
tame or pet,
to cease ;
domineer over,
;.
silj-gbfi,
to
to piut in pawn ;
to
pound.
SO-16-dze,
n.
town.
siri-hui).
See
siqwiij.
'doll.
sir)-ka-fa, n.
pewter.
v.
sir)-ku (oku),
sii)-sir), adv.
to
bury.
closely.
SO SO SO
lo-fir)
(li),
to pirohibit,
forbid a thing.
lo-ku-ta
v. (li), v.
to stone. to locate
lo-dzo
(li),
in a place, to assign
Slr)-slp, n.
sir)-sir), n.
burial.
service, religion.
I',
to lodgings.
so-lii, V.
to pelt.
sirj-'wii),
to be silly, crazy.
is
SO-ini-do-19-to,
n.
si),
si-SO, n.
a speaking, which
spoken
SO-na-sI
(soi)
ina
irritation, excitement : ie
who speaks fluently. si-Tva, adv. forward : siwa backwards, to and fro.
one
to
si-"wa-dzu
for a
so,
V.
v.
little
(si),
prep,
before ;
adv.
SO
n5,
off.
V.
to
throw away,
lose
kc S9n5,
to
space.
cut
;
to tie, to to
hang
to
bear fruit.
to
SOr), sur), v.
to broil, to
b6,
break wind.
s6r). Stir), V.
to
to
move,
to shove, to filter ;
s6-bi-a, n.
Guinea worm,
sd-de (si), adv. out of doors, out. SO-dzi (si), adv. near, into the shadow or presence Sor)-ki,
of:
send forth water, as a fountain. to accuse, to sue ; to point or aim s5r), siir), v.
V.
at.
to shrivel,
contract y
to
shrink from,
mu
shun.
sor)-k6r),
f.
s6-fir) (s6),
V.
prohibit.
to v.
Sd-ke
(si),
SO-kpa, SO-kpai)-kpa,
appraise.
V.
sorj-mi (omi),
SOr|-ni6,
v.
to ajyproach. to
to
s6r)-m6
(im6), v.
cold, to sniff.
SOE
s5-ro
soro
(&ro), V.
to
11
:
AN
(se), v.
talk, converse
;
ba
to
s5ro, to speak
;
sa-fe-ri
to seek.
or comnizme with
iii
soro odi
of.
si,
speak against
to
sa-fir), sa-la, n.
the
rere, to
sjKak well
arm.
to
so-ro-dze-dze or ke-le,
privately.
v.
whisper,
talk
sa-fo-dztl-di
(se), (so),
to be
saucy, insolent,
sa-fo--w6-ra
v.
to pilfer. to
so-ro-le-hir),
to backbite.
sa-gfi.-la-in&-s9. (so), v.
play
tricks, to be
guilty
so-te-le,
V.
to predict, to to
prophesy.
of double dealing.
so
ti, V.
V.
sa-gbe
on.
;
(so), v.
V.
to beg, to
borrow.
SO-y e,
StL, V.
a price
sa-gb6,
to re-
to be old.
V.
to
SOW, to retail
the socket
any
liquid, as beer
sa-h6
sai
!
(sc),
to despise, to ridicule.
move from
to
or handle ;
to perplex, to
;
:
interj.
of contempt or defiance.
to be sick.
break out, as measles ; to be weary puzzle ; fall lame, to coat with metal, as in gilding diade, to bring forth herbs, as the earth.
sil, V.
to
sai-sar)
(se), v.
sd sa-ka, adv.
sa-ka-tfi, n.
entirely, wholly.
a morass, a bog.
to
to fail in cutting
is dull.
v.
sa-ki, m.
sSi-ln, V.
fail in
impers.
is
good,
nice,
siiar),
cutting, to be naught.
Sti-a, adv.
sa-ki-sa-ki, adv. unevenly, raggedly, badly a logbe saki^aki, he was badly wounded.
sfi.-ko-k6 (se),
tune.
v.
k di
with metal.
to whistle.
to
See
soijino.
sa-ko-SO
(so), V.
to control, govern,
have dominion
enu
sui),
li over. (looking) with surprise : aditi wo rii the deaf look with surprise on people's sa-kpa-nfi,
n.
S&-kpa-sfi.-kpa, adv.
thick on cooling, to coato
See
soi).
sa-kpe-dzu-re, sa-kpe-re.
to
See sakpere.
to sleep ;
grow
sa-kpe,
s3.
.
. .
V.
sa-la-bS.-kpa-de,
to chance, to to
happen.
See
soi].
v.
15-gbe
(li),
Sur)-ko-nu,
sur)-ye,
v.
to cease.
weapon.
a short nap.
a blessing upon.
to be
to doze, to take
sfi.-lu-ga, n.
who
elevates; fortune;
title
o/Adie,
su-re
Su-ru,
(so
ire), v.
ire), v.
to bless or call
to
:
god of money.
sS.-na
(ina), v.
(^e),
to strike fire.
v.
sfl-re {sk
n.
run.
se suru,
patience
mu siiru,
patient ;
sa-ni-a-ni
to be
doubtful, uncertain.
;
sa-nu
mi,
(^e) V.
I am
V.
;
anu woi) ie
sil-ti, n.
a contemptuous pouting of
See
sar), adv.
SfiJ),
tempt.
to
su--wa, su--wor).
suai).
bushes
s4r),
to
is
V.
to
daub
to eat
to be loose ;
to flow, as
:
to
burst,
aso ijsaq
1|,
the cloth
s.
sa-r)fa-nl
to be profitable,
advantageout.
land.
Sa-r)g6,
sa,
V.
n.
the
god of thunder.
v. V. to
to fade.
sS.r)-gbe (igbe),
to clear
awhile.
to smite, hack,
sfir)-gb6 (igbo),
to
down a forest.
V.
loound
to
snap a gun.
select.
sar)-ktl, V.
to die in the
v.
adv.
V.
only
to
by all means.
;
sar)-ku-ta,
saij-lfe, V.
ah,
sa-ba.
to
pick out,
to
sar)-se (ese),
ing.
v.
together in walk-
sa-d6
(so), V.
(se),
V.
commit lewdness.
anxious, apprehensive.
to
sd.-dzo
V. to
to be
sar)-sar) (see
saij),
adv.
to
in splits or strips.
sa-dzu,
sa-fa,
V.
go
before, precede ;
go forward,
color.
sfi.r)-'w6 (9W6),
v.
advance.
s3.r)-"w6,
V.
to
be emptty-handed,
e.
having no
a kind of
tree
iafa
kpukpa, yellow
presents in hand.
SAR
s3.-rar)
(se),
v.
72
from
age, he
SET
V.
to
be silly
in oneh
s6-ni-sl,
tions, to
to
dotage.
add
to the price.
v.
sa-re
sa-re
sa-r6,
(se), v. (se),
V. v.
to
make
right, to he right.
se
se
. .
nl-dzam-ba,
ni-se
(ise), v.
v.
to
do violence
to,
to
mal-
to he older than.
treat.
.
. .
to meditate, to he
v.
thoughtful.
to
sa-ro-kpii),
to limit.
to dispute,
;
se-ri-dzfi,
to serve
punish. as a steward.
of.
sa-ro-ye,
sa-sa,
n.
v.
complain.
scars left hy small-pox.
se-ro-na,
se-sir)
v.
to
go in search
to ridicule.
an old hroom
entirely,
(esiij), v.
sa-sa, adv.
sa-ta, n.
sd.-tl, V.
tlwroughly ; scatteringly.
to set at
se-tar),
se-tl, V.
v.
to
complete, to be completed.
to, to
mud, mire.
to cast
V. to
to
pertain
serve.
away,
naught.
sa-ti-kpo,
sojourn, emigrate.
to he kind,
good
seiii),
thank
saur)-saur), adv. ivell, thoroughly: 6 gbede sauij^aur), he understands our language well.
wa
greatly.
to
come
to pass, to
s5.-"wa-da
(se), v.
V.
to jest, joke.
V.
to break, as
a stick
Sk-'WO
(so),
to plot, conspire.
V.
a town ; to
make a
to to to
noise
se okui)
bo im6
nose.
e4ii),
sa-'wo-tai)
sa-"wor)
(so),
to heal, cure.
make
sS,
v.
(se), v.
to he stingy.
to stink.
commence.
sa-yai)
s4-yar)
se,
V.
(se), v. (se), v.
to do, to
se-bo
Be
6 ^e ehig bi
ti
. . .
(se), v.
bo,
V.
thing.
See
make
a hack
^e
ti
to he ;
to ail
;
"sf
silk.
v.
elede, he has
like
a hog
kl ise
wa,
;
not ours
awa
Oloruq,
loe serve
God
to
to create.
k6
gug good up se-dzti (odiu), v. to wink the eye. a rock ; nwoi) se oduq, they are keeping new year's se-fe (se), V. to jest, mock, ridicule.
se
ori okuta, shoes are not
climb
day ;
e
?
^e e ki 6 mole,
make
it
shine
wiwo Had
;
^e
se-gbe
se-gur)
(se), v.
to associate with.
made
ko
straight
ki i^e
se-ge, n.
what
ails
him
iba
him
and
rS
ai)
(ogiii)), V.
i)^e mi,
I am
avva
sorry for
le se
him
\h se
m^li (or
se-hir) (se),
to be
must
fight.
ko
mih dia
must se'-i-ye
(se),
to rebel, revolt.
tickets, to cast lots ;
se-be,
n.
a black snake.
to
to
se-Tbi, V.
suppose, to do as
v.
se-ke-re,
a calabash-drum, tambourine.
n.
fetters, shackles.
se
dzi-na,
v.
v.
to deepen.
se-ke-se-ke,
se-ke-te,
.
se-fe-fe,
to he vain, to to excuse.
hrag.
beer of maize or
to
Indian corn.
se-gS.-fa-ra,
se-kpe, se-kpo,
v.
wither.
se-gbe,
v.
to perish, to he lost.
V.
to be double.
V. V.
se-i-ro-na.
See Verona.
to tell
se-ku
lie.
(si),
to to
se-ke
(eke), v.
se
dishonor.
kui),
to
5, se
.
8, 11.)
. .
le-ti, V.
(sc),
to
hem.
to despnse,
Ifi-le-dzo
(li),
v.
to entertain
a guest.
se-le-ya
n.
contemn.
se-la-ra
(ilara), v.
(li),
to envy,
v.
... Ig-gi-ri
.
. .
to chill.
to treat coldly.
se
Id-m5
v. (li),
adv.
in a flickering manner.
v.
to
double.
to
se-le-ri
. . .
(ileri), v.
to
promise,
to
vow.
se-o-rui), n.
se-ri, V.
to
ike setting
sun when
it
se to communicate the le-te (li), v. leprosy to. se to beautify, to decorate. IS-AWa, v. lo-fo (li), V. to bereave. se se lo-re (li), v. to befriend. 16-re (!i), v. to confer a se favor. se...lO-SO (li), V. to clothe, to adorn, to fur.
.
.
to take
direction.
se-sir), v.
ashamed.
nearly, recently.
which
v.
is
broken.
se-tar)
(se),
to be deceitful, to deceive. to
nish.
se-te
V.
(^c), V.
se-ni,
to trouble, {id),
v.
annoy.
kind, accommodating.
dispute.
sd-ni-a
to be
se-tu
(ie), v.
to be speckled.
SI
si, V,
to he
to
I'd
^OF
(^e),
v. v.
make a
;
si-ro
to reckon, calculate.
to
pale
to
to rinse.
si-se (&se),
move
thefobt, to hasten.
hi, V.
si-s^
n.
which
collects,
collection,
&c.
See
ih.
push
Bi-bi, n.
si-s3.r), n.
See
ikig.
a spoon.
the papain.
V.
si-se, n. si-se, n.
to
mistake, to do amiss.
he done,
to
si-bo, n.
which can
to
which
is possible.
:
si-dl
(id)),
to
pluck up,
v.
remove.
shade, to overshadow.
si-se
(se), v.
work,
labor,
to he in distress
to
to
V.
open the
to
si-dzu-"w6,
si-fi-sl, V.
an
;
error.
si-su, n.
dark
darkness.
to
misplace.
si-SU, adv.
rapidly (boiling).
(se), v.
v.
8i-gb6r).
sl-gi-di, V.
See ^ugb6q.
to he short
si--wa-dzu
and thick.
to hattle.
si-'we-re
(sc),
si-gi-di.
See silgudu.
to
si-vro
an exclamation of defiance.
V.
sl-gnr)
(ogui)), V.
go forth
sl-"w6 (ow6),
to
to
to stop loork ;
:
si-gni), n.
the physic-nut.
remove, drive
sik, a contraction of sc ikoq, to make a fulness, or to fill up, employed as a prefix to numerals after abo,
n\v9r) siwo,
si, it
is
time
knock
off.
a half ;
si-ka,
n.
as,
abo siketa
(eta), three
and a
half.
and a half; abo si--WOr) (se), v. to weigh. (Ps. 62, si-ye-me-dzi (ie), v. to doubt, to
so, adv.
s6,
to disV.
V.
hesitate.
key.
V.
si-ko (oko),
to get to
under way.
to he passionate, to he
si-kpa-yS,
v.
sd,
close, reveal.
SO-b6
to entreat, to
si
(se), V.
v.
si-kpe
si-kpo.
(^e), V.
beg pardon.
so-di-n6,
See
io.
to cheat
v.
See
nikpo.
v.
so-dzo-ro
(io), v.
in play.
open the door. (ekui)), to remain^ after some has been taken. si-kdr), V. si la-dze, v. to condemn for witchcraft.
sl-kuq
. . .
to
so-dzu-ko-ko-ro,
so-dzu-r6-re,
s6-fo
V.
v.
to covet.
to he gracious, to favor.
v.
so-dzu-sa-dzu,
(se),
to be partial.
si
lai-ya
(li),
v.
to alienate.
sickle.
to
suffer
loss
of property,
to
he
si-lo, n.
si
. .
lo-dzu
V.
(iai
V.
to stimulate or revive, as
wLen
empty, so-fo-fo
to tattle.
weary.
si-16h,
to start, depart.
so-go
amb6),
(se), v.
(se), V.
SO-ke-hir)-dfi., v.
lit.
si-mbo
Hi.
n.
thepapaw,
to counsel,
s6-ko-to, s6-ko-t6,
V. V.
to be small,
narrow, as a room.
trowsers, pantaloons.
to be simple,
v.
ki-rab-rax)
deration.
so-kpe
(se), v.
ignorant.
si-na
si si
(5na), v.
to
to err.
In Pa. 78,
to be
dark.
to
command,
to rule over.
ni-kpo, si
ni-di
to
(ni),
v.
to
remove.
S0-n6,
V.
to be peevish, surly.
ni-ye
n5,
V.
(ni),
v.
remind.
sor)-so, n.
item,
a pinnacle ; a small
sl
to
wash,
rinse.
;
a particle.
v.
BIT), V.
to
run precipitately
to he
guilty
to lend,
s6-re
so-ro,
(^e),
V.
to
do good.
to be spiteful,
to borroto.
to be difficult.
uprightly, steadfastly.
so-r6
(^e), v.
to be
sharp pointed
adv.
piercingly, keenly.
sir)-sir), n.
a porcupine quill.
singly, only.
V.
siQ-sir) 6-b6, n.
a kind of sauce.
tut !
so-so
(^c),
to bewitch.
to
si6
inter] .
pshaw !
to
to he quick, to
hurry.
to re-
SO-AvS s6-"W0
so-yi
s6,
V.
(so), V.
make money.
(se),
V.
to trade. to be dizzy.
play.
to
(se), v.
(se),
v.
to watch, to
guard.
the dead.
SO-de
a stalk of corn or
rice
(ode), v.
V. to
to patrol.
it.
so-fo,
mourn for
10
SOF
BO-foQ,
is
74
su-n6
su-ra,
(ino), V.
V. V.
V.
TAN
to be loose, to
run
off,
as the bowels.
to treasure to be in
to be
up.
SO-gba
sb-kar)
(se),
v.
to
keep a garden,
su-ru,
a heap or bunch.
so-hom-'bi-a,
(sc),
v. v.
n.
boot.
su-su,
in concert.
plump.
SU-SU, adv.
greatly, utterly.
S9-kpe
SO-1&
.
(se),
V.
to to
thank.
(^e),
honor.
lo-SO (li), V. to garnish, adorn. SO 80-na (se), V. to work at a trade, to carve. to strike with the elbow, BO nI-gbo-"W"6, V.
.
.
.
T.
to
ta,
V.
jog_
to spill
BOX), adv.
coolly, calmly.
to
kick; to sting, to bum, as pepper or shed, as blood ; to open a boil ; to pour, anoint ; to cast, to fall on ; to spread, as a sail ;
;
to shoot, to
by
little
at
time.
:
to
;
shoot
to
go
Bog-gor),
to be
long
and
slender
a.iox]gqr) obiri
asowo
trading
m4h
de odza,
is
a (a riddle),
long slender
i.
wonum who
e.
to sell ;
to fine.
left
when
t3.-ba, n.
tobacco.
or, indeed. to
ta-bl, adv.
sor)-gor), soq-gor)-sor)-gor),
which
is
(edze), v.
V.
shed blood.
ta-dzi,
to to
to
to
awake suddenly.
v.
so-ra
BO-re
BO-ro.
(ara), v.
(se),
v.
watch over
oneself, be careful.
offence.
ta-dzu
ta-fa
(odzu),
to be in haste, to be
anxious.
s5-rar)
v.
commit an
(ofa), v.
v.
to shoot to waste.
bote.
(se),
be friends, to associate:
6 b^ mi ta-fa-la,
my friend.
ta-fa-ta-fa, n.
an
archer.
ta-ge-re,
v.
to hasten.
v.
v.
ta-gbo-kur),
(se),
V. V.
to
adorn.
ta-gbor)-gbor),
to
one side.
(se),
to
complain,
talk
much.
indifferently, insolently.
(se), V.
(se),
V.
to be
a foe,
to revolt.
ta-ka
(ika), v.
to
SO-"w6
su,
811,
v.
V.
to
v.
hand
tfi-kar-da, n.
BO-Wor)
(se),
ta'-ke-te,
v.
v.
to to
evacuate fceces.
to intrust ;
&ii.,it is
ta-ke-te,
stand aloof.
to
grow dark,
to
dark ; su
okui)kui),
ta-ko-ko, V. ta-ko-ta-b6
to tie
(ate), n.
dark, obscure, difficult to be understood ; ^u dzikana, to make bricks ; sd si, to care for or notice
ta-kpa ta-kpe
maize.
(ikpa), v.
(ikpe),
v.
or
put forth
rope.
what
to
is
amiss.
to
Bil, V.
knead,
make
ta-kur)
tfi.-lfi,
(okui)), v.
to stretch
round as a
ball, to be cylindrical ;
;
n.
swarm
sCl-b6,
V.
of bees
to be disagreeable to.
ta
push down.
lai-ya
to,
v.
to strike
on
the breast, to be
See siim6.
to
contrary
fall: bi subu, as a crowd.
to
as the wind.
is poor, to
su-bu
v. (so ibu), v.
su-dzo,
to collect,
a poor person.
to.
give a gift
SU-gb6r),
conj.
but, yet.
t9.1u-bo,
n.
v.
?;.
young fruit.
to
sCl-gu-du, n.
SU-kfl, n.
tfi-ma-ha,
suppose, to hope.
ta-mkpa,
tS.-ndze,
the breast-bone.
v.
to light
lamp or candle.
su SU
le-se
V. V.
to
ta-ndzu,
ta-nd,
V.
stem.
16-h.ur)
(li).
(li),
tS.-ni-tfi.-ni
so-ko,
n.
a centipede.
su-lo-kp6
sCl-m6, crowd
V.
;
See sukpo.
gather around,
as bees.
to to
to throve
to be
to
V.
to settle on,
tfi.r), V.
to be finished, perfect ;
cure ;
adv. per-
SU
ni-n6
(ino), v.
purge.
fectly.
TAN
til), V.
to shine, to light, as
:
75
;
TIB
V.
ceive, scatter
taij
to entice, de-
te-fa,
to
consult Ifa.
v.
shine.
te
...
gbeg-gbe,
V. to
to
expand.
array, to
lie
tar)'-ga-ra, n.
tin,
a plate.
te-gur),
set in battle
in wait, as
tarj-gbo,
V.
to take root.
v.
v.
an array.
te-hii)-gbe-sa,
n.
v.
tar)-ka-le,
to
criist.
tar)-kpa-ra,
tar)-sar),
v.
te
.lai-ya
t'.
(li),
to soothe,
pacify.
to shine, as
a lamp.
te-le,
to follow,
pursue.
tar)-tar), adv.
tS-le, adv.
beforehand, previously.
.
tS
1&,
t|
. .
le-se,
to
tS
si-lS, v.
to
tread down,
tar(-ta-si, n.
a yam-vine
left to rattoon.
trample on
te th
lo-go
lo-ror)
. .
(li),
v. v.
..
(li),
.
to satisfy, to
te-in6, te
m6-l&.
See
tele.
ta-ri
ta-sa,
ta-se,
(ori), V.
push
violently.
tS-na, adv.
already.
abject 2x>verty, distressed condition.
v.
n.
v.
tin
or pewter.
tS-ni-t6-ni, n.
to miss.
v.
te
nl-kpa
(ni),
to
compel.
ta-se
(|se),
ta
si-1^, V.
V. V.
quietly.
ta-se,
to
to
ta-S9,
n.
a kind of vulture.
pron.
yours.
(ti),
ta-AWO, ta-yo,
ta-tu, adv.
fere tatu, this
to
play
is
the
game
called
worry ^
igi
te-re, n.
(ti),
lime, shells
of ivhich lime
long
is
made.
te-re yi
tS-re,
pron.
his, thine.
wood
very light.
v.
to be slender, be
and narrow.
bend the head down.
te,
V.
to fondle,
worship, propitiate.
to hoiv, to
t6, adv.
(sitting or alighting)
on
the top.
te-ru,
ii.
te-de,
n.
v.
a kind of piarrot.
to
te-ru
te te
(ta), v.
deal in slaves.
te-dzu,
te-ru-tS-ru,
. .
w.
a slave-dealer.
tele. to
th-fe-th-ie, adv.
wholly, entirely.
si-le.
See
to
te-mi, pron.
te-ni.
of me, mine.
toni.
se,
v.
compel
do a thing.
See
te-ni-te-ni.
Sec tonitoni.
a game of chance ; the name of a weed. te-te-gUr), te-te e-gtlrj, n. a kind of cane.
te-te, n.
te-te-r, adv.
tere
carelessly,
awkwardly,
edzi
tere,
one
te-tu, n.
an
executioner, sheriff.
v.
and
n.
there.
te-"w6-gbd. (owo),
with a quick pace.
ti, aux. part,
ti, v.
to receive, accept.
te-te, adv.
te-te,
to
gnaw
who,
to tie,
bind.
te-te-k6, adv.
t,
v.
ti, 2^^on.
to he fiat, insipid, dis-
which, that,
:
to lay, to
graced
erect,
v.
to
ti,
adv.
is there
ti
vfk nib&, he
to
push forward
;
to
as a tent or an altar.
to
from, of, by
the farm ;
conj.
ti
and : a
ti
oko de, we
t6,
to
ap-
came from
tS-bfi.,
t&
ba-lS,
v.
to
go.
to
down.
thump,
fade, as to
to lock or
t6 t6 tS
bS-re,
v.
to bend, to dip, to
bow,
level.
;
color, to
to
consume.
support
;
immerse
hang up on a
tl, V.
imprison
ti
leliiij, to
sustain,
. . .
bo-mi
v.
V.
(omi),
to
strengthen ;
ti,
ti
subu, to
push down.
te-do,
to be patient, to act
te-d6,
to
encamp,
to
to
found a
smooth
;
habit, to dwell.
t^-dzu,
cloth.
v.
be fiat,
adv. heavily, vehemently (beating upon, as the sun or waves). 6 kole ti, an adverbial particle denoting/a/^wre ; as, in his attemjtt to build a house. aso tedin, plain -ti, he failed
to in-
ti-ar), adv.
distant,
far
off.
tS-dz<i,
at.
te-dzu-m6,
v.
to fix
ti-be, adv.
from
there, thence.
ti-b5,
V.
to kindle.
Tll)k
ti-dzti (odiu),
v.
76
t6,
V.
TOL
to stand or plarx in a row, to set in order, to or ponder in the mind ; to lay up, to be rekeep
to be
ashamed.
ti-ha, prep.
ti-ko, adv.
from.
self.
tl-ka-lfi, tl-ka-rfi, n.
stored, as
a broken limb
sluggishly, unwilUnghj.
by,
treasure.
ti-kpa-se, prep,
ti-ktl-ro, V.
by means
of.
to-bi, n.
a napkin, a
to be large.
towel.
td-bi,
V.
with all the house. ti-16-ti-16 (ati ile ati ile), <idv. ti-lS, adv. from the ground, even : ko til& sc kpd,
not that, not because,
to-bi-n5-'w6 (n5
to-dzti-bo,
V.
9\vo), n.
towel.
to
pry
to
into.
to-gb6,
to be
V.
to doze, to
v.
slumber.
ti
ti
le-hir),
v. V.
to sustain, strengthen, to
ashamed
of,
which
e.
a turkey.
:
tl-na-b5
ti-n6
(ina), v.
to
tom-bfi^ . a sort of club or cudgel. till to-day to-ni, te-ni (to oni), adv.
before ; ki a tcni do, before
ki
teui,
(ino), prep,
from
erf,
we come,
ti-n6-ti-n6, adv,
ti-ra, n.
heartily.
Mohammedan charm ;
thine, his.
to stoop, to
a book.
ti-rS
(ti),
till now, to-ni-to-ni, te-ni-te-ni, adv, anything written, to-ni-to-ni, adv, cleanly, nicely. to-nto-ro, 71, a small bit, a particle.
pron.
to-ri
look doianwards
:
(ti),
V.
to
tl-ri (ori), v.
opposite
ti-rir), v.
to.
tiri si,
to-ri, prep,
:
from
on.
to be slender
okui)
tiriij
tirii),
twine ; Ogar)
(a riddle),
(lake),
e.
to-ro,
V.
to be
narrow.
coat.
k6 kpade
Osa
(i.
to-ro, n.
V.
an upper garment, a
to
settle,
(river), the
and to-ro,
;
crossed)
country
at p>eace.
meaning
V.
the nose.
ti-rir)-ino-16
to
v. to stand firm, (ti iriri), stand on tiptoe reaching upward. ti-ro, with consideration, advisedly. tl-ro-ti-ro, adv. ti-sa-dzu, n. which is former or foremost.
V.
ni t6t6, truly,
to be meritoriotis.
ti-tS, n,
ti-t3.r),
J?,
which
See
td.
to-ye, See
t^i).
V,
to be
of equal value,
to-ye-to-ye, adv,
t6,
considerately, discreetly,
ti-t&, n.
ti-ti, adv.
which
is
lowly, <tc.
See
t&.
:
yi 6 sAq
titi
to guide, lead, bring up, educate ; to watch v, over or take care of ; to be straight, right,. true ; to
ti
ti, adv.
toholly, altogether
ti
ogo
ti
ogo, all
to
td,
V,
touch ; to urge, trouble, enrage ; to taste, to follow, to approach, resort to, arrive at
:
to
urinate
to
mi
loh, tO
mi
\t\i\ij,
ti-t9, n.
ti-tor), n.
which
t8, to cry to, wah, come to me ; ke v. to bring up, as a child. t5 da-gba, to-do (i\), prep, from, from the presence of
. . .
.
which
pron.
neio or young.
ti-"wa
(ti),
ours,
theirs.
;
ti-'VTOV), pron.
t6-dztl (odz6), v, to look after, take care of. to-ho, adv. well, very (employed in commending) iwo seui) tgho, you have done well.
to, adv.
by drops, as water
to be
without clouds.
to-hur)
reach
(ti),
pron,
t5
t6,
interj.
v.
t5-kar)-t5-kar)
freely.
(tu), v. to
v,
adv,
with
all
the
heart,
paddle a canoe,
to steer,
or
how
big it is /
fi
many
as
t5-kpa
. . .
(ikpa),
a hundred ;
to ;
odifi to, to
put
the eye
to, to
attend
much Lord
t6 bl, as as ; a^e
a.s
children.
commandments of
li>,
the
to-kug
t6 t6 to
. .
.
(okui)), V,
(li),
to guide, direct,
to
are right
agogo
to
it
is
la-ra
v. v.
touch one.
mewa, he
le-hir)
(li),
to follow.
to, to follow.
years old.
16h,
v.
to
go
TON
t5-na
tor), V.
77
the road, to trace the
WEL
v.
(6na), v.
to
go along
wft, wft,
to seek ;
to
share
to
tremble
wa
ri,
to find
out, discover.
V.
t6r), tfir),
to be, live,
:
endure, stand
to dig, to
pull an
laye or
oar or paddle
:
wa
imo,
to perceive ;
wa
tp-re
t6-ro,
(ta), v.
give a present,
to offer
t9re ann,
li
aye,
to live.
to give
V.
alms.
to borroio, to beg.
to trace out, track,
"wa., pron.
us, our.
"Wa, adv.
loudly.
V.
t5-se
t6-to,
(5se), V.
V.
to be whole,
V.
(ti
complete
adv. fully.
examine.
wa-di
(idi),
to
examine
into, to scrutinize.
t6 to
"Wd,
to taste.
hurriedly.
to
w6
owo), prep,
to
to-AVO-b9
(te), V.
tO-'w6-te-se, adv.
V.
wa-dzo,
wrong.
n.
investigate a cause
to
avenge a
throw out,
pluck up
to fail.
wa-ga,
;
M.
n.
tfl, V.
to untie, to loosen ;
break
loose, as
;
a horse
wa-gari,
to
pour
to scatter, to
wa-gl,
n.
plunder,
crowd
td 9f9, dead.
to
bring
wa-gug wSh, V.
(ogui)), V.
to
V.
array.
come.
to trouble.
wa-hfi.-la,
to
paining,
to ease, to reconcile ;
"wa-hS.-la,
n.
trouble, affliction.
be cool or cold.
tu-ba tu-bb
tu-bu,
(Arab.),
(till)),
v.
to repent. to try
woman
n.
V.
again.
w.-ka-si, "wa.-ra-ka-si,
cheese,
n.
a jail.
(odid),
v.
wa'-ka-tl,
to take
n.
v.
tu-dzu-ka
courage, be cheerful.
wa
ki-ri,
n.
tu
ka,
V.
V.
to scatter.
wa-la,
a board
n.
V.
slate.
tu-ko,
to navigate.
"wa-la-mi,
an
oar,
a canoe-paddle.
a house.
W&rle
W3.-16,
(ile),
v.
(ile),
to search
to be at
V.
home.
tu tu
la-ra
la-SO
(li),
v.
to refresh.
evil.
wk-lh
tu-la-sil), .
.
.
misfortune,
(li),
V.
to strip one.
"wa-kpd,
V.
to be
end
to end, to abut.
tu-lS
V. (ile),
.
to
break
up
tu tu
le-do
(li),
V. V.
to console. to tame, to
wa-ra, w&-ra,
n.
V.
a shower.
to be
nimble.
. . .
lo-dzQ.
(li),
n.
milk.
n.
to
a serpent.
wa-ra-kpa,
the silk-worm.
to disclose to
epilepsy.
tum-bu,
tu-md,
V.
n.
"wa-ri,
to baffle
v.
divide or share; to do
homage,
to
a secret,
to strip
a plot
to
worship.
explain words,
expound.
v.
tu tu
. .
nl-ho-ri-ho,
naked.
comfort, console, to
. . .
ni-no
(ino), v.
to pacify,
a counsellor, one of the cabinet. wa-ri-ko (ori), v. to sit head to head, as two persons leaning forward in conversation.
wa-ri-fa,
n.
propitiate.
"wa-rl-ri,
. .
.
v. v.
to tremble. to
tu-n6.
v.
See tu
nino.
"wa-ri-ri,
tremble greatly.
v.
tti-ra-ri, n.
"wa-rorj-ki
obstinate.
;
(9r9i)),
to
stiffen
the
neck,
to
be
tu-to,
to spit.
tu-tu,
e
iii
n.
wa-si, "wa-su,
'wa-'wi,
V.
V.
v.
to
preach.
o die wa-"Wa, n.
a leaf of maize.
to
make an
excuse.
t<l-tu, adv.
wa-'w6,
to cease, abate.
w.
"wa ?
adv.
we,
V.
. . .
to
wean a
child.
we
where
?
kp6,
V.
to twist
or
wind
together.
iwe mi
wa ? where
is
my
WEM
we
. .
IS
"wo-yi, adv.
YA
V. to
in6,
v. V.
V.
to
wind upon.
we-re,
"WS-re,
to be silly. to be
'wd,
drag,
quick motioned.
the stinging bean.
diado,
to
to to
drag out.
be hollow,
to enter into ; to to
we-re-kpe,
n.
w6,
set,
v.
abide in a
we-re-"we-re,
adv.
nimbly.
house,
lodge
;
to
to
;
as the sun
chew, grind,
to roost, as
fowls
excavate
mash
to sport or be to
to
a burden
:
to distress ;
to be suitable, convenient.
wS,
V.
wash,
to
swim
adorn, decorate
wo w6-bi-a,
"wd-dza,
re.
greediness, lasciviousness.
to cast
V.
diado,
swim
out.
v.
down.
gather together. to look or see there. (Luke
wS
"WS
.
for
ewe,
adv.
?
V.
. .
again,
now
e se
we ? whafs w6-dzo-kp6,
to
the matter
. .
now
wo-hur) (wo
to castrate.
v.
ohui)), v.
lS-"wa
(li),
.
17, 23.)
off,
wS
m6, "we
(ara),
v.
nb,
to
wash
cleanse,
w5-ko
purify.
"We-ra
to
v.
wash
to
oneself.
wd w5
i)wi,
(oko), V.
to
v.
embark.
to enter into one. to clothe.
la-ra
la-S9
(li),
V. (li),
('.
"we-re, we-"we,
to be
small.
the hands.
:
we-w6
Wl,
wl,
V.
(9W0),
V.
wash
they say,
it is
to to
go into
a,
place.
v.
said.
V. to singe.
WO-ni, pron.
w6-n6
v.
(ino), v.
go or come
in.
wi-dzo
wi-ndi,
wll),
V.
(edz9),
V.
to complai7i
of a
difficulty.
"WOT), pron.
them.
wl-kl-ri,
to
publish about.
tinder garment.
'w6r),
v.
V.
an
to lend, to
v.
borrow.
to
to
wiri-rir),
to be
re.
near a place.
w^I-ri-^wl-ri,
twilight.
measure,
to
weigh
to
prune,
to
pick
W^i-ri-'Wi-ri, adv.
quickly, hastily.
is
off ;
to
aim
or point at.
to these.
to enter into one. to
wi-"WO, wi-'WU,
"WO,
V.
n.
n.
which which
crooked, crookedness.
w6r)-SO
(aso), V.
weave.
is swollen,
a swelling, a tumor.
or push
:
WOr)-yI, pron.
WO-ra
down;
to be
(ara), v.
v. (irii)),
wS,
is
V.
wo-rir)
make
nails.
wo-ro-'WO-ro, adv.
lukewarmly, as water.
dead.
v.
w6-so
look
at,
(aso),
V.
V.
to
put
on, to wear.
"wd,
to
behold
; ;
to
to
WO-ti,
by.
to
draw
v.
visit,
superintend, search
to look, seem. to
w6 wd
ba-16,
V.
to
abate a
w5-^w6
(ew6),
V.
nuisance.
W9-W0,
to look
v. V.
to be
copious, to be lukeioarm.
its
WO-du,
. . .
V.
black or dark.
to
"WTJ, V.
bi 6
ti
to
please one by
ki
appearance or character
please that
it
dzl-na,
v.
heal a loound.
regard.
at, to
wu
4 io
all
{as
you
be that be),
w6-dztl
WO-fi-ri,
(odi4),
to
to
as
it
may, by
means.
glance
v.
look at stealthily.
wti,
V.
to swell, to rise as
;
bread
to increase, to stir
w6-hir) "wo-hur),
to
look here
and
there.
up sediment
ger
:
to look
wd-ke
w6
(oke),
v.
to
look upwards.
.
ori re w{i,
n.
as dan-
kpa-lS.
v.
See w6
balB.
WU-ndl-a,
a virgin.
W6-1S,
"Wd-lS
to fall
v.
down.
look at the
wu-ra,
ground
;
n.
gold.
ire), v.
(ilo),
to
a common
wu-re
(wi
to bless.
salutation.
'wu-ru-'wu-ru, adv.
"WU-'WO,
height.
.
"WO-ll,
"WC-lCl,
re.
a pi-ophet.
to fall
(ilS).
v.
to be
V.
w6
upon from a
See
la-lS
v.
wo
balg.
wo-rar),
WO-ro,
n.
Y.
ya,
V.
to hasten, to
;
be sprightly, lively ;
to be
easy
to
'WO-'We,
n.
V.
hail.
to perceive, to observe.
wd-ye,
to select
to tvarrn,
YA
yd^v.
to tear
;
T9
YON
to rejoice. comh, adjust ; to pluck cr& yfi.-y6 (ayS), v. a well to depart, separate ye, V. to lay eggs ; to be pleased ; to cease doing a from company, give place in a crowd. to be comprehensible : 6 tiling ye mi, 6 ye W91), / understand it, they understand it. yi, V. to be : 6 yh aro, he is a cripple. (Acts 14, 8.)
apart ;
to
of corn
to cave in, as
ya-lDO-de,
v.
to
smuggle.
to he
ye
yd,
interj.
V.
oh
! alas !
ya-di
(odi), v.
dumb.
to live, to be
sound in health.
ya-dzu
ya-g&l)
(odin),
v.
to be
(agai)), v.
saucy. to be barren.
ya-gbe
(igbe), v.
to
71.
evacuate fceces.
ya-htl-di (Arab.),
y,
make much
a
little,
of,
indulge, praise.
ya-kpa ya-kpa
ya-la,
(ikpa), v.
. . .
to seimrate, to
go astray,
y, adv.
lightly (sleeping).
si-16, v.
v.
yS,
V.
to
ya-ku-ro,
couj.
ye-mo-ti.
whether.
(li),
ye-na
. . .
ya
lo-to
n.
V.
See ya
S9t9.
yfe-ra (ara),
to
to
turn
ya-ma,
ya-na yi-na
the
the west.
n.
aside, to dei)art.
yam-yam,
a musketo.
to
(ina), v.
warm
at the fire.
(9na), v.
to step
to turn, revolve,
move, pervert.
way.
.
yi,
v.
to be tough, fibrous.
this.
v.
ya
ya
ndze,
ni ha,
to cheat.
v.
yi, pron.
ya-ndzu
.
(ni odzu),
v.
to be beautiful.
yi
yanu
si,
d.-n5,
V.
to
overturn, spill.
to chagrin, to mortify.
to
at.
yi-gbi,
to
to be
ya-nu
yar),t.
(enu), v.
open
.
tloe
mouth
yi-gi, n.
marriage.
(oliur)), v.
gape or wonder
yi-hur)
to encircle, to surround. tohake,fry,parch ; to loalk leisurely, proudly. yi-ka, v. yi yar), adv. ku-ro, v. to avert, to cross the hands in salubrilliantly (sliininjr).
. . .
yftlj, V.
to gape, to
to
yawn,
to
neigh
to kick.
tation.
yS.r), V.
take out
from
ylr), V.
to
move,
to
shake slightly,
to eject
to
lay eggs, to
among
a thorn
several, to
:
to extract 5, 14.)
admire
suddenly.
to shoot.
yar)-gar),
maize.
clay stone cemented with iron.
yir)-bor)
(ib9i)), v.
to fire to
yai>gi,
M.
ylr)-fir) (ofiij), v.
yar)-gi-di, n.
a bundle of emeries.
a
cat.
to threaten.
yi
yarj-hai), ya-ur), n.
avert.
yar)-hur)
yar)-kor),
(ohui)), v.
v.
ylt)
. .
lo-go
(li),
V.
to
add
v.
yir)
ni-b9r),
v.
shoot at.
yar) yar)
kpa-mo,
ni-kpa,
ni-tete,
v.
to lay up, as
money.
yir)-yir), n.
hail.
v.
to set at variance.
v.
yi-si
pron.
V.
which
yar) yai)
ni-kpo-si,
v.
to set
at naught.
yi-yS,
to
to
yi-yi, n.
be
yar(-rar),
to
boast
of one's knowledge,
y6, yo,
to
V.
to be full, satisfied
with food.
yd, adv.
as a
deeply (red).
to
yar)--we (owe),
yar)-yar), adv.
y3.r)-yS.r), adv.
v.
to be
plump,
young
bird.
V.
pull
out, to
draw, as a sword;
to deliver,
entirely.
ya-ra,
ya-ra,
n. n.
roughly, unevenly. a room : yara okc, an upper room. a ditch around a toion.
to
escape ; to
leaves ; to appear,
to melt,
to feel
compassion
:
to slip,
si i,
to
be
slippery, to
walk
stealthily
mq
mi yo
I pity
ya-ra
yft-ra
(ar4), v. (ara),
v.
hasten, to be active.
him.
to
warm
oneself
y6,
or set apart to a
V.
to rejoice, to be glad, to
v.
triumph
over.
ya...so-to
purpose.
V. (si),
to separate,
yo-dza-de,
to
v.
protrude.
to be
v.
yb-dzH
to be different, to differ. to
(odzu),
conspicuous, to appear,
harass, annoy.
the
ya-to
(9t9), v.
v.
ya-ur),
mew ;
yo
le-nu
(enu),
to
n.
cat.
yo-nu
(enu), v,
to toash
mouth
to
be trou-
YSi-ySL, adv.
nimbly, briskly.
blesome.
YON
y6r),
V.
80
yo-ro,
n.
YUN
vermin on fowls.
V.
.
.
to itch.
y5r), adv.
with force
to
(falling)
off.
in a swarm.
yo
su-ti-sl,
to
thrust out
to
ydr),
V.
cut or saio
deride.
yo-y o,
V.
n.
pregnant
to
go
to
and
grass
to
minent.
APPENDIX.
[Some of
tlie
following words have been supplied from memory, and others from Crowther's Vocabulary, a was not able to procure for a long time after my return to America. T. J. B]
work which
ABA
a-bai-ye-dze
maker, a
(a
AIM
aiyc), n.
ba
dze
a mischief-
children
agboqgbcre kpete
tattler.
?t.
sembles
(lit.
a-ba-ku-lu-dze,
A-b9-do-rir)
a-bo-gS.!), n.
(abi)
a-gbor)-yi, n.
a-gbu-bo,
a-ge, n.
.-gO-ro, n.
n.
See abowogai).
;
a petty
a king's servant.
title
of honor.
rides, is rid-
a-gn-m5-na,
a-gur),
den,
killed
n.
dtc.
a-di-re i-ra-na,
a-di-ri
(ori), n.
n.
the
fowl of propitiation,
a-h.a, n.
ha.'
he.'
d-c.
a-he,
insurrectionist, one
n.
'
grape-shot.
a-he-so,
a newsmonger, a smattercr,
dr..
'
See
a-do-te-si-lS, n.
an
who pro-
heso.
See adSq.
a jerking; one toho jerks, which
is
a-ho, a-hu.
jerked,
n.
a cawing,
See the root
n.
See h9.
a falsehood, a false re-
hu.'
a-dza,
etc.
n.
a-hu-so,
port.
which
is false,
See dza.
a fighting, a fighter, c&c. See dia. ai-ba-de, n. unsuitable, unbecoming. not fiat, uneven. a-dza-SO, n. a flying report, hearsay. ai-be-le, n. a town in Yoruba. (broken by war), a town west of Ba- Ai-bd, n. A-dzd.-se, n. which does not refuse, which consents. dagry. aX-dSX, n.
a-dz., n.
a-dze,
n.
a-dze-fo-"WO,
name.
a jMt-herl.
n.
ai-dza, n. ai-dzo, n.
A-dzi-bo-kpe,
(^pahn-ioorshipper),
a proper ai-gbe-se,
ai-he,
n.
a-fQ-re-si-bi, a-fd-re-si-gi, n.
son.
n.
See
ki.
a-forj-ru-gbli), n.
a-gar)-rar), n.
a sower
which
sowed,
d:c.
ai-ki-lo, n.
a-gai)-"WO,
n.
tree
al-ko, n. ai-ko, n.
belotv
ungathered
not hard.
uninstructed, ignorant.
a-gba-kar)-kar),
n.
a forest
the
bird.
ai-ko-la, n.
untattooed, uncircumcised.
A-gba-ma-ya,
oknta.
n.
name of a town
Abe- al-kbr),
ai-ktir), n.
n.
unmurmuring.
kftq.
ai-ko-se,
n.
a-gba-Tvd,
See
agbasli).
n. the
ai-kilr), n.
free from stumbling, void of offence. which is not remaining ; finished, ex-
a-gba-yor), a-gba-yoQ-kor), hausted, used up. the sweet" taste of which remains in the ai-19, n. unsaved ; berry,
miraculous
invisible,
dc.
See
la.
mouth
a-gbe,
n.
ai-la-di, n.
d'c. (see
unexplained.
unreconciled.
unsettled, as a dispute.
gbc)
a-gbil), M.
which
is 2'lanted,
a planter.
n. n.
a-gbir)-yi-ka-gba,
garden.
n.
disadvantageous, unprofitable.
the
name of a plant.
n.
a-gb6,
11
n.
which
is
heard
the
a hearer.
See gb6.
ai-lu, n.
a-gb6r)-gbe-re,
n.
snatch-game, played
bv at-mS-te, ai-mS-ro,
AIM
ai-me-le,
al-tnl, n.
n.
82
:
BIB
a fashion, custom.
aiye), n.
th
&e almele, to
i-ra, n.
be industrious.
unshaken,
n.
<t.
See
is
ani. d:c.
which
not drzmk,
at all.
a carnivorous
n. n.
bird,
a-re-ke-re-ke,
ra.
dishonesty,
a dishonest person,
Ai-na,
n.
a proper name.
unhouyht,
unshorn,
unseen,
<S;c.
a-re-re-gbo-sur),
ai-rfi, n.
See
fi-ri-ya,
h.-XQ, n.
&ri-y6,
n.
ai-re, n.
ai-ri, n.
dec.
See See
ri.
re.
etc.
a-ro-si-16, n.
ai-r9.
al-si, n.
See root
ro.
^i.
al-tS, n.
a dwarf.
n.
a-ka,
n. K.
name of a
tree ;
the armadillo.
a seditious person.
asia.
a crier; a cutter, which is cut, i&c. a-ke, a hater ; a saponaceous plant. K. a-ke-ri, n. a climbing plant, used for ropes. a-ke,
A-ki-o-la,
n.
See
^-sa, n.
a-ta, n.
a resinous
tree.
a-t3.r)-ko-ro, n.
disease in fowls.
a-ki-sa-lS, n.
a-k6r)-ror), n.
a-ti-16-nde
a-ti-nl, n.
(ati ile), n.
a youth, adolescent.
possession, attainment.
a-ti-0-ro, n.
wliicli shoe-
a
a
tassel ;
a kind of bird
a kind of
a fibrous plant, of
plant.
a-to-ri, n.
tree the
made.
n.
a-kp5-dzCl,
the majority,
abundance.
a-tOr)-"wfi.h, n.
a-tur)-se.
leaf of
the shea-
a-la, a-ia., n.
'
la
'
and
'
la.'
A-wa-ye,
a-"w6,
n.
a-la, a prefix equivalent to oni,' implying the owner, the actor, Ac. (Gram. 52, 1, 4).
the name of a town. n. a washing, cleansing, that which cleanses. a-'wS-de (ide), n. an herb used for cleaning brass:
a-Ia-ba-lase
of Obatala.
(ala
ba ni
a^e), n.
the oracle ;
a name
onibaba ni itodiu orombo, onide ni itodiu awede, the owner of copper looks for a lemon, the owner of
brass looks for awfede.
a-"w5r) e-kur),
n.
nettle,
a-la-fe, n.
a refuser. a lover.
a-"wu-ka-ra
(akara), n.
conj.
a-ya-m5-kp6,
a-y6r),
otherwise, unless.
a-la-fe-ni, n.
ay
Cir), n.
a saw, a
file.
a-la-h6r),
a-la-ri, n.
B.
ba-bo, n. a tree with a broad leaf. ba-na-ba-na, n. a kind of insect. ba-na-ba-na, be-na-be-na, n. a
a-le, n.
the
narcotic plant.
a-19-ke-le, n.
ba-uq
be-dzi
(ba
oi)),
V.
adv.
to
so, thus.
shears.
(bi),
b6-ke
(bii),
v.
to
b5\vo fu
hood. a slender prickly plant : bi ina dzo, ^ when the fire burns (the woods), it b6-ro-fu aluki,
(bii), V.
to refiect
upon,
to
think about.
(and leaves
it
uiiburned).
Be-se,
n.
a town in Yoruba.'
v.
a-lu-ma-ga-dzi, n. See alraagadii. a-mkar), a-mu-kar), n. sorrel plant. a-md-dze we-Ave, n. a medicinal plant.
bS-mi
bi-ba, bi-bd,
(bil),
bi-a-ti-Q'Wi, adv.
n. n.
a meeting,
a bending,
a-mgba-du,
a-rfi, n.
n.
the
name of a pot-herb,
bird.
the
name of a
bi-bi, K.
Sec
bi.
BIB
bi-bo,
n.
83
See bo.
e-ba,
n. n.
EIIU
E.
an
oil-jar.
off.
bi-bfl, n.
is
given, dx.
to sjwil
See bu.
love, to
bi-fe-dze (ba.
mity.
.die), v.
cause en-
e-bo,
V.
a peeling
bl-kp5,
breed.
to
breed together
mu
bi
kpo,
to cross
e-d&, n. e-de, n.
a creating, creation.
slackness, as of a rope
twins.
;
ripeness.
Bl-d-kfl, n.
a proper name.
be tcith us), the
e-dzi-e, e-dzi-re, n.
(f God
e-dzu,
e-ga,
n.
n.
casting,
which
is cast.
a height.
e-ga-ni, n.
e-gui), n.
See egake.
length.
bl-yo-sl
See ibodzi.
tree.
e-ha,
e-he,
n.
scraper.
collection of
n.
bo-mu-bo-mu,
milk.
n.
of which curdles
things.
e-kar) a-"wo-di, n.
(li),
claio,
a prickly shrub
bo
la-so
V.
so called.
e-kar) e-kur),
se, or 6 bu
tai), it is
n.
nearly, almost
6 bu
called.
e-k5, e-k6 9
year.
dtir), n.
the
Bu-ku,
bu-su,
n.
V.
See Buruku.
any
soft
e-ko-ro,
e-k6r), n.
n.
bu-su-gba
fruit.
(igba), n.
soft
pulp of
the locust
e-ku-se,
n.
the
name of a
is
disease.
e-le-ri, n. e-16-si, n.
See
one
olori.
who
mistaken.
awoi), the tortoise), n.
for m&,jire;
D.
da-bd,
V.
the flickering
dry weather.
to cease.
lie
to cease
V.
da
bu-16,
v.
coming, to cause to
e-re,
to
e-we-re,
'
down,
lay down.
of.
eye.
da-kpa-ra,
da-kur),
v.
to sneer at, to
make a jest
to cease.
v.
da-ktlr) (okuq),
to
make yarn
into hanks.
a kind of antelope.
paint, color,
da da
ku-ro,
le-bi,
v.
v.
to release, acquit, to
redeem.
6-se, 6-se, n.
condemn, censure.
v.
e-su-su,
n.
dar)-ka-re,
n.
soldiers.
to
e-tu-tu, n.
da-o-ru-ko, da-ru-ko,
da
"wbx),
V.
to enclose,
shut in
e-we
e-ti, n.
e.
convolvulus, so called
is
mixed with
oil
to
woi) woi)
of) Bese.
mlii(is,(i,lhe
marsh shuts
e-'we i-na,
V.
to
n. fire-leaf, an acrid poisonous shrub, the leaf of which blisters the skin.
dilatorily.
to be careful,
V.
di-yar) (da),
d6-ti,
V.
v.
do-g^Q-si-lS (da),
to
to
E.
a kind of
n.
tree.
lit.
encamp
against, besiege.
odzo ^u e-do-fo-fo,
irascibility ;
liver
of foam.
;
dudn,
the rain
(i.
e.
The
liver is
dza-na-dza na,
dza-ndu-kti,
n.
n.
name of a
disease.
cou-
dza-6-ke,
dza-ta,
v.
n.
tlie
dare.
n.
e-ga a-kpa-SO,
a kind of palm-bird,
to be
unconcerned about,
dzu-dzu,
n.
made of
them,
e-hil-ru, n.
EIY
ei-ye-le
(ilc), n.
84
lit.
IDZ
...
. . .
a pigeon
house-bird.
e-ka-do-rir), num.
fq fo
v.
to
e-ka-do-rur), num.
destroy entirely.
e-ka-do-ta, num.
e-ke,
n.
tlie
iq
y9.r)-yai),
n.
v.
to
break
to pieces, to
smash.
the cheek, the jaw-bone. the eighth. the fourth. the ninth. the third. the tenth. the eleventh.
.
f9-nu,
an
elastic
e-ke-dzo, num.
e-ke-rir),
fp-nu
take.
(enu), v.
(fi),
to boast,
num.
fo-'w6-l
V.
to place the
hand on
fura.
to
under-
e-ke-sar), tium.
e-ke-ta, num.
fU-la, n.
a kind of beer.
il|,
See
e-k&-"wa, num.
e-ku,
.
fu-lS-fu.-16 (fu
freely, co-
e-ko-kar)-la, num.
n.
piously.
a running plant.
e-ktl-ku,
kiln for
e-le-TJU, n.
fu-15-f9-l9-rui), fur)-le-fu-l9-rur), adv. (lit. for the earth and for God), of one's own accord, freely,
making
n.
e-le-gbe i-na,
is
of choice. house, or a or burning earthen-ware. fur)-kur), f9r)-kur), companion of fire, a bird which
(to catch insects)
v.
to
discharge mucus.
when the
burning.
G.
a person with proga-ga-dz6,
gbft,
V.
minent
eyes,
pop-eyed.
n.
tree
the water.
e-li-ri, e-lu-ru, n.
a mouse.
to
wrap
e-lu i-'wa-se, n. the small-leaved indigo, an her- gbfi. a-du-ra, v. to pray. baceous plant much like the American indigo. to take exercise or recreation. v. gb9. i-da-ra-ya, e-lu o-gbo, n. the broad-leaved indigo, a small tree gbil i-kpe, v. to take comfort, to be comforted. with very long virgate branches. The fine indigo gbe (to be), a pleonastic particle much used after
of
Sudan
w.
e-mo,
as, nihiijyi
li
a gbe
k6 ara wa
met
here.
{here it-is
we
to-be
met
selves our),
we
e-rir)-di-16-gur),
sixteen.
twenty-six.
a kind of
n.
spice,
nsed as medicine.
deceit),
gbii)-gbi-nd6 (gbiijgbii) odo, planted by the water), a tree growing near streams which bears an esculent
bean.
E-ru-mu,
Ibadajq.
{caught by
a town east of
igi),
n.
the
name of a jdant.
e-rur), n.
tree.
A
away
fumigation of the
evil spirits.
bark
e-t9., n.
is
to drive
a kind of leopard.
e.
I.
S-"wa,
n.
of boiled
e-yir), . e-ylr), n.
com and
a
beans.
i-ba-dd (odo),
n.
e-"WTl-ru, n.
I-ba-dar) (iba odag), n. {the meeting of the woods tvith the pirairie), a large town fifty miles east of Abeokuta.
e-yir)-dztl, n.
I-ba-ra (ba ra
?),
n.
living
F.
f3.-ti,
adv.
See
fa.
I-b6, n. {who is peeled), a proper name. one of the Yoruba tribes, in the N. E. of I-bo-l9, n. the kingdom.
I-d, n,
6-11-1)4-16, V.
See foribale.
f6-ri-bo,
V.
See foribo.
I-d6, .
f6-ri-ti, V.
See
V.
foriti.
i-dd-do, n.
the car
to, to listen attentively,
See adodo.
n.
fo-ti-si
to
(fi),
to
put
i-du-kpe,
toions
a thanking, thanks.
{a fighting around), the
river, called
hearken.
I-dzS.-kfl., n.
fi-la, n.
fi
. . .
a cap.
to
on the Yeriwa
se-sir), v.
(fi),
put
to
shame,
to
shame, disgrace.
to
kauke
fo-ri-si
V.
to
pay
attention
to,
apply the
lower Idzaka.
I-di8.-16,
71.
mind
to.
IDZ
I-dza.-y6, n. [fiyhting for miles JSf.E. of Aheokuta.
life),
85
a lanje town fifty
the
YE
ro-ke-ke,
n.
ru-ke,
n.
See irukere.
rat's hole ;
I-dze-sa,
country.
n.
tribe in
the
N.E. of
Yoruba
sa, n.
sfi, n.
a sharp
I-fa-gbe-mi,
given
I-f6, n,
to
name
ground. se-hir)
sir)-ku
(i-se-i),
re.
(enlargement),
tribe
(okii), n.
ruba.
I-ga-la, I-ga-ra,
n.
s3.-be, n.
(a doing or
an opening beneath
?)
a semi- Yoruba
east
of
Yoruba.
I-ga-na,
n.
See
Igana. I-gbe-ti, n.
of Yoruba. a heap or height?), a n. sa-ga, (the making of town west o/"Abeokuta. sa-ki, n. (a snapping, as of a gun, a failure), a
the west
town in
mountain west
I-gbo-ho,
n.
sa-la, n.
ioien in
the
cir-
toion near
Aibo.
se-dztl, n.
the twinkling of
an
eye,
an
instant
ni isedzii kaij, in
a moment, instantly.
of lots, a lottery. a kind of tree, a kind of grass.
roots.
isir).
se-ke-ke,
n.
the casting
n.
See ihul5.
I-ke-tu, m.
(a cutting loose?),
tribe
si-gur), n.
Yoruba.
i-ki (ikki), n.
erect ears,
si-ko, n.
species of
or
an animal
o so
iki
si-se, n.
a wrong
action,
n.
a misdeed.
si-ye-me-me-dzi,
scruple.
a doubting, a doubt, a
iwo
(art
le
dze
to eat
?
so-n6,
n.
peevishness, surliness.
severity, provocation.
I-ki-si, n.
a large town
of feeling a
so-ro, n.
near Igboho.
i-ko,
n.
sd-ro, n.
difficulty.
of gathering
:
the act
SU,
n.
the act
mental emotion
sQ., n.
gloomy ; darkness.
SU-bu,
t&, n.
a fall,
the name of a plant. i-kpai)-ko-ro, n. a proper name, a town on the Niger. I-la-de, n. 1-16 O-de, n. (the hunter's house), a village near
the
name of a
t.-b6, n.
a town in a being
Yoruba.
Idzaye.
I-le-sa, n.
a very large town, the capital of Idiesa. The syllable ^a in these two wards is a contrac'
the act
of setting
sail,
'
tion of a proper
I-le-sai), n.
I-lo-rir), n.
name.
ta'-ma-ha, n. ta-me-ta, n.
n.
a town in Ibarakpa.
(a going to loalk ?), a large town in the north of Yoruba, a proper name of persons.
the
of three streets or roads. a fondling, a worshipiping. See te. te, te-ro, n. a town west of Igana. tS, n. a trampling on, d'c. See t^.
I-lu-ku, n.
i-na-ki-ri, n.
I-ra-"WO,
n.
name of a town. a carpenter's compasses. (star), the name of a town in the west-
tS-do
(te ed9), n.
composure, patience.
te-le-di, n.
hips.
the
ern part of Yoruba, the head-quarters of Orisako. i-ra-"WO i-lS, n. (ground star), a medicinal plant.
i-rir)
te-"WO, i-te-"WO-gb&,
tl-le-hir), n.
acceptance, reception.
o-kpa i-kp5
(walking-staff, abundance), n.
in his cause.
-t6-bo-lo, n.
a town in Iketu.
i-r6-dzu, n.
tenance.
"wa-ri,
n.
homage
to a king.
bitter kola-nut.
i-ro-ko, n.
farm
an
labor, tilling ;
a farmer.
w6, w6,
w6.
n.
ra.
the tree
See
i-rO-k6, n.
i-ro-ko, n.
esculent
running plant.
in
i-rd-ko, n.
Liberia.
a kind of okra or esculent hibiscus. a fine timber tree, called sassa wood
wd,
re.
a a
look,
tree
y&, n.
ye-m9-dza (om9
patience, 2>erseverance.
fishes)',
(the
mother of young
i-ro-dzu, n.
lYE
i-ye-re, n.
86
LER
the seeds of the African locust. ko ko, ko-ri-ko, n. grass. an unI-ye-'Wa, n. (our mother), one of the Yoruha ko-md-re-kd-mo-ra (m^ ore mh ova), n. idols ; a small river which falls into the Osa west grateful ^^erson, lit. he knoivs not goodness, he knows
k6-ni-lg-k6-15-na
a road),
n.
not the purchaser of the thing which he enjoys. (ni, to have ; ile, a house ; 6na,
ko-ro-kpo-ma,
K.
k., k'S.
(ki a),
there is nothing.
an
optative particle
;
conversation,
Ze/
MS
shall
let
much used in k6-t6. See koit6. we? shall I? ynay we? ko-'we, n. a bird
; k'a kpe woij ? shall I ride ? k'a
may you
k'a bere,
us inquire
k5-bi-k5-bi, adv.
castellated wall.
built in this
with
many
prelections, like
shall toe call them ? k'4 ge^ir) ? de be li alafia may we reach there in peace f k'a sill) 1-6 may you sleep well ! a very
!
!
The
'
way.
i>'07i
customary ^9"^9"S^9i
**
is
See kabi-
wound.
and kaloh.
(introd.
ko-SO-ko,
n.
coffee.
n.
ka-fe
from Ilausa),
K5-so-k6
sometimes of k5-t6,
adj.
n.
(ko
kai
an exclamation of
dispileasure,
wonder.
ka-nfi. (kai) na), pron.
same person. ka-ndzti (kaij odiG), v. See kaijdzfi. ka-ndzQ. dzai-ye, ?. one who makes haste rich, a covetous person.
a kind of gnat called ka-nti-ka-nti, n. drunkard ;" a kind of ant.
kar),
k&l),
V.
V.
not straight or right, crooked, wrong. Additional phrases to those already given kp8i, the same: enia kana, the are, kpa agbo, to form a circle, as in dancing kpa al6, to cease burning in a flame ; kpa alo, to pro;
pose a riddle
to he
kpa
ase, to
command,
;
to
proclaim a
^'
the
kpa imo, to consult, suggest, hint ; kpa iye, to forage in the farms ; kpa osu die, to miss or forget the month ; kpa
;
law
kpa
ete, to intend,
purpose
form a grove ; asori kl ikpa osusu, the never forms a grove, only one tree upas being found in a place ; kpa odio die, to miss or forget the
osusu, to
.
n.
kar)-ga-ra,
n.
kar)-gba,
kaq-rii),
v.
v.
a kind of bill-hook or pruning knife. day. See kagba. kpa-kpa-go-ri, to he far kpa kur)-re-te, off.
a kind of bird.
a kind of dove.
kar)-rir)-kar)-rir), adv.
far
off,
kpa-16
(alo), v.
to cease
gone.
ka.-ro, n.
kpa-m6
a bird so called from
n.
its cry.
(imo).
n.
kpa-nsu-ktl,
cover.
k6-gi-o, kS-gi-ro, n.
a kind of bird.
the
ke-ke-le-ndze,
ke-l|,
V.
to
kpa-nti,
kp3.-si, n.
n.
See kpantiri.
chest.
ki-kar), n.
sourness,
(see
kar));adv.
kaij.
ear-
Ku-mi
ku-ru
!
(koi) omi?), n.
a proper name.
to drive
nestly, strenuously.
an outcry of women
away hawks.
kl-kar), n.
a dropping, dc.
See
earnestly, strenuously.
ki-ke, ki-k|,
ki-ki, ki-ki,
n.
7i.
la-gba-de-me-dzi
7nidst.
(li),
adv.
in
the
middle or
n.
n.
lal-be-ru, adv.
k6i).
.
ki-k9r), ki-k5r),
See
koij
and
lai-bd, adv.
in
an uncovered or unsheltered
state.
sitt.
ki-ku-na, n. ki-ye-sa-ra
be careful.
smoothness, fineness. lai-dze-bi, lai-lS-se, adv. to take care (kiyesi), v. or guilt. of oneself, to
.
innocently, without
k6-i-t6, adv.
loh,
it is
it
is
not enough
\h... 16-na (li), v. to enact, ordain. koito La-si-me-dzi, n. a proper name. le-ri (li), V. to have filth, to be filthy, unclean.
LEB
le-bi
(li), V.
(li),
87
condemned.
OMO
n.
(ci
to be guilty, to he
to he sinful.
is split
0-lu-ko-nto,
O-ni-se,
n.
a proper name.
doei-),
l|-se
V.
apro2}er 7iame.
tree.
li-14, n.
which
or to he split, Ac.
See
1^.
O-ra,
71.
a medicinal
li-16h, n.
a going, a departure.
O-ri, n.
6-ri, n.
M.
Ma-dfi.-ri-ke, n.
tribe.
a ki7id of hedgehog.
. . .
o-ri
ya,
si,
v.
to
feel
lively, be
lit.
well
their
Mfih-kti,
71.
pleased
O-ri
ori W9r)
head opens.
mal-ki-ri,
n.
Ma-ma,
ma-na,
rah (emi
n.
n.
/,
"wu, V. to be delighted with the conduct or words of an inferior who is much beloved to yeai-n.
. . .
0-r6, n.
dialect,
Egba
/ will
not
me
dehir) ra aso,
/ will
tweli'e.
O-ro-fo, n.
me-dzl-lfi, num.
O-ro-gbo,
O-ro-re, n.
n.
me-dzi-me-dzi, num. two by two. O-ru-kpa, n. me-yar)-me-yar), adv. in small pieces, (broken) O-ru-wo, n.
to
a kind of
n.
almns.
6-sir)
v.
i-"wefa,
to
make earthenware.
v.
(the left
See modum9du.
(oliui]),
to
know
all things,
hand), a
6-sir)
title
i-ya-ma,
[the
'
left
hand of
west),
the
south.
o.
o-bo-ni,
n.
seci-et
society
71.
influence, connected with the religious and government of Yoruba. See ogboni.
d-Ave,
n.
young leaf of
0-dz6,
O-fu-a,
n.
a dancer
O-fi-ki, n.
n.
; a proper name. O-WU a-ke-se, n. a proper name. a kind of kola-nut ; the name of a me- O-TVU 6-gO-do, n.
dicinal
tree.
n. (the toild cat caught the sena large town in Yoruba. O-gbo-yS., n. a small carnivorous animal. O-gbu-gbu, n. a wild duck (?) a kind of grass ; o-bai-ye-dze.
0-gbo-m9-SO,
tinel ?),
o.
dyed cotton
loool.
O-gu-ba-na, n. a proper name. 0-gu-b6, . a proper name. 0-gu-du-gb6, n. Sec ogodugbS. O-gu-mo, 71. an esculent herb.
O-gu-nto-ro,
O-gu-ro-do,
0-ki-ti-kp6,
O-ki-yar),
7-ocks.
7i.
Oba
Ku-so,
n.
the
of
Shango
who was
and
a kind of
a king of Kuso or Koso in Yoruba, at which place he descended alive into the ground,
for that reason n.
0-gur)-gur), n.
n.
??.
was
deified.
o-ba-ni-dze,
bird.
See abanidze.
O-ba 0-g6,
9-dar)-ko, O-fa, n.
n.
n.
King of
a
Glory, a
title
of God.
name of a
n.
n.
a town in Yoruba.
the
O-kpe-re,
always
n.
a bird
7ohich is said
to
be
almost 6-ka,
n.
to
cure the
asleep.
n.
6-kpo-kpo,
o-lo-gi-ri,
71.
a kind of banana.
O-kpe-re,
n.
O-lo-fe-re, n.
name of a
a
bird.
O-kporj si-b6,
the piine-etpple.
O-lo-gU-ni,
n.
O-kpo-to
bird.
ki-ti, n.
n.
a kind of wild
fig-tree.
O-lo i-n6,
the kidneys.
O-lo-kpi-ri, n.
7iame of a bird.
O-mo-lft-la, w.
a great-grandchild.
OMO
o-mo-ri-ka,
n.
88
TOM
s.
the tip
of the finger.
Sfi.-fa, n.
pestle.
the wrist
by hunters.
taken
sa-gbe-sa-gbe,
sa-gor)
(se), V.
a beggar.
with the pains of child-birth. O-ta, n. a toion and tribe south q/"Abeokuta.
0-t6iJ ga-ba-si, n.
the north.
to be contentious.
sar)-kpa-nfi., n.
See sakpana.
the coffee-tree.
sa-sa-ba-ku,
n.
se bai-bai, v. to grotv dim, to be obscure. a eunuch of the second rank. 0-t6r) i-"we-fa, n. to interpret, act as second se gbe-de-gbe-yo, v. a loise woman of the o-t6r) i-ya-lo-de, n.
rank.
preter.
f/rasjn), to attain to,
inter-
0-"w6
to
re tB ol4, he attained
honor.
n.
0-'w5-'W0,
O-yai),
n.
se-tfir), adv.
o-y,
n.
grey color
one
esii)
Oyo,
o-y6,
n. n.
the capital of
Yoruba.
who
rejoices,
rejoicer.
its
se-da e-le-fil), n. purple-shaded silk. se-da yo-ri-yo-ri, n. white silk. se-kpo-lo-hur), n. name of a prickly shrub. se lo-dzu or le-ka-na, v. to wink or beckon by
.
0-y5-g6-ho-g6-ho,
n.
way of giving a
se-ni-fir)-rar), n.
hint.
name of a
to suit ; to
thorriy shrub.
se se
ni-ffil), V.
of another.
. . .
ni-se,
v.
See se
so-siij.
nise.
E.
rar)-hur)
sedly.
se-sir), v.
See
si
raij-hur),
n.
perplexity
adv.
to
confu-
to
cause one to
sli), v.
See
si.
ironically.
to
So-fi-mi-de, So-a-nde,
atoms.
n.
a proper name.
to
crush
v.
SO-AVe-ra
effort.
(^e),
v.
to
struggle,
make a great
rir)
la-ga-ke
or le-gi-ni
(li),
to tickle.
ri-r, n.
so-fo-dir), n.
sti-ru,
V. V.
an
esculent herb.
See
ra.
to be small, to
ri-r6, n. ri-ro, n.
a going, dx.
See
le.
stl-ru,
he large, applied to a
withering,
<f.T.
thing expanded.
su-si,
V.
to.
See
r9.
is to
to
reply
when
spo-
be con-
ken
rd
lo-dztl
(li),
V.
to
tame, domesticate.
rQ.-rtl, adv.
utterly (destroyed or
broken to
T.
pieces).
ta-ki-ri, n.
clemency.
v.
ta-ma-hai),
tar)-ga-lfi., n.
See tS.maha.
the
fniit of
s.
si-sS, n. si-SO, n.
tar)-gi-ri, n.
used in
a cooking,
to be
which
is
cooked, (tc.
so.
See
se.
ta-r
(ire), v.
tying, d:c.
Sec
tS
sur).
nfi, adv. ?
already
hast thou
si-sdr), n.
sleeping, dc.
Sec
come already
\,h ...tL, V.
SO so SO so so
de-ru
di-di,
(ili), v.
to enslave. to
to
hide, suppress.
so
li-11, V.
play a game.
monkey.
v. to
ti-a, n.
See
tira.
SO-di-mi-lo-to,
. .
n.
ti-ar)-ti-ar), adv.
dl rar)-hur) rar)-hur),
perplex.
ti
SO-de
(si),
v.
push
out, to exclude.
do-mo
do-r6
n. H.
(dl), V.
to
adopt.
(dl), V.
to enrich.
a wart ; the name of a bird. ti-"WOr)-ti-'WOr), n. toin-b6, an unnieaiiing word used by children at
play, while
SU-na-si,
provocation.
lakalaka tonibo
suu-ru,
See
su-rii.
TOR
89
w6-hir)
backed.
(ehii)), v.
YOR
to be
td-ro, n. a kind of rat, noted for its fatness. t6-fo (tu), n. to tell mournful news, to brine/ news
that a friend is dead.
crook-backed
or hunch-
wbxy-dd
to
(odo), v.
to
measure
the depth
of water,
to
tu . dz6
.
(odi6),
v.
dismiss
an assembly
sound.
'wg-kg-'wg-so,
n.
the
name of a
bird.
u.
{x[;''pron.
him, her,
it,
after
a verb ending in
'
u.'
v.
to
w.
"wk
. . .
lal-ya
n.
(li),
v.
encourage,
strengthen.
yar)-riQ
See warakpa.
(w6),
v.
mi-mi
v.
Wa-kpa, wa-kpa-kai)
"Wfi-lS
y&-re
(ere),
to
to squint. to the
worship.
(wah
il6), to
come
to the
wdlS
(his eye
came
ground : odiu r ya-rir), n. a disease in fowls. to dress greens for ground), he came to him- yi-fo (yi, to turn), v.
yir)-rir), v.
to yield
(li),
the table.
or give
way under
the feet.
yo
16-h.ur)
v.
to seek to
entrap in conver-
wi-li-ki,
n.
leather
n.
worn by males.
the
sation.
n.
"WO-lu-ha,
prayer,
among
name of a
12
PART
II.
ENGLISH-YORUBA.
ABA
abaft', adv.
lehiij, sehiij.
ACC
ablu'tion,
a'bly, adv. abode', n.
abo'llsh,
V.
n.
li
aluwala, iweno.
absorb',
v.
mo, mu.
a.
ti
abaii'don,
abase',
v.
v.
fisilS.
agbara.
absorbable,
a.
16
mu.
aban'donment,
rele.
n.
ifisilS.
ebu, ibudioko.
kparui).
a.
ti
abase'ment,
abas'er,
n.
n.
arel, irelS.
arel|.
abo'lishable, abo'lisher, n.
.
. .
&
lb kparui).
ti
amu.
akparug, eni
fd,... sehii),
ron6.
abash',
lodiu.
v.
dodiuti, lodzuti,
idodiuti.
ti
kparui).
aboli'tion, .
n,
akpanii), ikparui).
abste'mious, a. abste'miously,
r9noron6.
arono.
adv.
li
arono,
abash'ment,
abate', v. abat'ed, a.
fa,
afa.
abste'miousness,
ab'stinence, n. ab'stinent, a.
abstract',
16h, soq.
v.
n.
aron6.
irono. iron6.
.
abate'ment,
atetedelS.
abor'tion,
n.
iseno
to suffer
gbe
16h,
mu
. . .
abortion, ieng.
oye
\%.
abor'tive, a. ^saij. abstruse', a. diinle, luha. abound', v. kp5. See multiply, abstruse'ly, adv. diinle, luhaincrease.
n.
ifoyelS.
luha.
kiri, niha.
ti
ikuq.
abstruse'ness,
nle.
n.
adilnle, idzi-
n.
igbel6h.
absurd',
a.
ko dzana.
aidzana, ait6.
laito.
ifo,
dzA, leke,
loke,
abreast', adv.
lokaqkai), niha.
atu.
okp6, okp6-
abroach',
a.
abroad', adv. k^kiri, kale, ab'rogate, v. See repeal. abrupt', a. odiidzi, ogkt).
lode.
abund'ant, a. abund'antly,
lokpo.
kpikpS, kp6.
adv.
li
9kp5su
. . .
abruptly,
adv.
lodiidii.
abuse',
v.
bu,
fi
bu,
abide',
v.
abil'ity, n.
ab'ject,
a.
ab'jectness,
tSnitSni,
li
atSni.
lohui). abrupt'ness, n. odiidzi, ogdq. abscond', v. kpamo, sal6h, sa- abuse', n. binablna, ebu,ireg6i). abu'ser, n. alebu. kpamo. abscond'er, n. asaloh. abu'sive, a. ebu, li ebd (li, to ab'sence, n. alsi, ehiij. have). ab'sent, a. kosi, aisi, lehii). abu'sively, adv. li ebu (li, in,
egfiq. ie eguij.
absent', v. absentee',
fakuro, yakuro.
n.
alaisi.
with).
abut',
V.
wakp5.
n.
abjur'er,
n.
aseguij.
16, lera.
a'ble-bodied,
a.
alagbara, alera.
abut'ment,
abyss', n. accede', v.
iwakpS.
ibu, ibubu.
See a^ree.
ACC
ac'oent, . accent', v. accent'ed,
iwil6.
92
AFT
iSoso,
wi
a.
16.
awil6.
aekno-w'ledge, v. diew6. adorn', v. ie... lo^o, ackno-w'ledgment,n. idzew6. adorn'ing, n. o^o. acquaint'ance, n. adugbo, adrift', a. fo, afo.
adult',
ti.
w6.
aladugbo, odiulum6. accept', V. gba, gbike, tew6gb^. kuro. accept'able, a. atew6gba, da. acquit', v. da accept' ably, adv. li atewogba. acquit'tal, n. idakuro. acquit'ted, a. adakuro. accept'ance, n. itew6gba. across', adv. li ebu. aceept'ed, a. atewogba.
. .
agba.
. .
adulterer,
n. n.
ado.
accept'er,
ac'cess,
n.
n.
atewogbi.
act,
V.
se.
isum9.
act, n.
ase, ise.
n.
a.
adul'teress, adul'terous,
kpan^aga.
yara.
a.
ac'tion, ac'tive,
ase.
munu,
adul'tery,
n.
v.
odzi, kpansaga.
fi
. . .
ac'tively, adv. munumunu. adv. li abakpade. acti'vity, n. accident'ally, imunfi, iyara. acclaina'tion,. ih6kilr),ili6Ie. ac'tor, n. ase, oluse. accorn'modate, v. mu ba, acute', a. goijgo, mu.
, . .
advance',
^adiu.
sadiu, korisi,
afisadiu,
mu
. . .
bade.
acute 'ness,
a^euq (apimu.
n.
agoggo,
.
. .
amii,
aecom'modating.a.
plied to persons).
accommoda'tion,
aye,
ibi,
n.
wo.
n.
adapt',
V.
accom'paniment,
ibiloh.
asii)16h,
adapt'edness, add', V. bu
. .
n.
koi),
.
abade.
acconi'pany,f.
b4
a.
. .
16h, slq.
fi
koi),
si.
fi
. .
si,
accom'panying,
or loh.
ti
ba w4h
^eni
ad'verse, a. odi si, ^e odi si. bum6, busi, adver'sity, n. ikpoijdiu. ka koq, advice', n. adamSrag. advise', v. b4 ro, damSrag,
.
add'er,
n.
olubuk6i).
gbimS, lamSrai).
add'ing, n. addi'tion,
^ni, ibusi.
abukoij.
n.
advi'sedly,
abum6,
derately.
adv.
See
consi-
abuk6r),
advi'ser,
a.
n.
adamSrar), onidav.
additional,
ad'dle,
v.
alak6q.
morai).
accora'pUshment,
accord',
v.
n.
akpinu.
se obu.
ad'vocate,
fu,
gba
wi,
bebe
b4
de, rekp9.
ad'dled,
a.
t.
obu.
sikpe
fu.
accord',
w.
ibade.
bl.
da...kp6m6, da... ad'vocate, n. abebe, alagbaso, m6, faramo, m6, r6. asenu, elebe. adhe'renee, n. awamu, idakp6, adze, n. ake gboro. mo. li okere. afar', adv.
adhere', mo, fa
. .
.
ki.
idiiie.
idii^e.
aflFair', .
6rai).
affect',
V.
kpa, d6i).
afe, ife. a.
affec'tion, n.
For affec'tionate,
onife.
fi
other roots, see adhere. accou'trements, n. itamora. afffec'tionately, adv. li afe, dio. ife. acou'mulate, v. ko adieu', adv. See farewell. accu'mulated, a. akodio. affirm', v. tenum6. adjoin', v. faram&, gb6. itenum6. afaram6, ifaramo. affirma'tion, n. aocumula'tion, n. agbasi, adjoin 'ing, a.
. . .
akodzo.
afflict', V.
ifibu.
foro, kpoi)
lodifi.
afflict'ed, a.
olukpoqdzu.
ikpoijdzu,wali41a.
afflic'tion,.
adjust',
V.
kpakadza, ya.
affu'sion,
n.
ib6miw6q.
accuse',
fi
. .
v.
fS
lefe,
s6i),
fi
bu,
.sbx),
f&ratjmo,
n.
n.
v.
i-a.
suq.
acous'ed, accus'er,
afisSq, elefe.
olufis5i).
16.
aceus'tom,
ache,
a'cld,
V.
fo,
ad'mirable, a. ni iyiq. ad'mirably, adv. toho. admire', v. yig. nile. admit', v. gba, gba admit'tance, n. ighk. admo'nish, v. kilo. admoni'tion, n. akilo, ikilo. admo'nitor, n. onikilo.
. .
.
afraid',
a.
aiyaf6, beru.
titoij,
afresh', adv.
tog.
lehii), sehii).
n.
odzo
ale,
aro-
mole, idzisokpale.
ado',
n.
V.
ariwo.
afterwards,
. .
adv.
igbeliiij,
ni
kay.
adopt',
gba, gba
se.
gbehii).
AGA
again', adv.
tor),
93
|we, kpada,
aloft', adv.
loke, soke, lekc.
nikai), uikaijsoso.
AEM
are called, agbari-gba, agboijrii),
egbiij, ekulu, era, etu, gala,
dehiij,
wl.
alone',
a.
ma-
against', prep, si, ti. alongside', adv. nilia. segbin, otolo, esuo. okere to stand anti'cipate, v. age, n. ogbo. aloof, adv. budza, daba. a'ged, a. arugbo, ogbo. aloof, takete. anticipa'tion,n. abudza,itowo. a'gent, n. adiele, asehiqde, aso- aloud', adv. ku^kui). an'tidote, n. akporo. dzu. alrea'dy, adv. na, ne. anxi'ety, n. adze, aniyarj, idaro, itara. al'so, conj. aggress', v. firaij. kpelu. aggress'or, n. onifiraij. al'tar, n. anxious, a. alaniyaij, tadiu, ^e idzebo, kpekpe. soke. a'gitate, v. ru, ru altoge'ther, adv. kpatakpata. adzo, dziyar). a. ru. a'gitated, am, al'^ways, adv. nigbagbogbo. anx'iously, adv. fi adzo.
: . . .
ago', adv.
kodza.
v.
ambuscade',
na.
n.
a.
eni.
a'gonize,
ie awayd.
a'gony,
agree',
n.
v.
awayA iwayd-idi^.
bade, bare, dimS,
re,
am'bush,
gui).
v.
agree 'ment, n.
de
:
alukawani, iba-
secret agreement,
adimd.
apart'ment,
ape,
n.
n.
akpakai). vara.
inaki, iro.
ffi
tog
n.
^e.
apiece', adv.
olukuliku.
aground', adv.
a'gue,
ah',
n.
interj.
gurj, to.
amend'ment,
atoijse.
apo'logize,
v.
sikpe, wawi.
odzodzo.
aa.
ahead', adv.
diu.
H
. .
iwadiu,
si
apology,
lariq.
n.
awawi, isikpe.
among', ^rep.
.
lowe, gbe,
raij
siiio.
amount'
a'mulet,
aji'chor,
:
to,
n.
v.
dia
si.
appa'rel, n. aso, ibdra. appa'rent, a. hari, ti o h^ij. appari'tion, n. arididzi. appeal', v. fi oraij loh. appear', v. fara hag, bar),
.
. .
la,
onde,
n.
tira, ogui).
le.
an'cestor,
v.
italemo, baba.
dSkoduro, dokoro.
appearance, n. appearing, a.
appease', v. appertain',
tu,
v.
awo,
ila.
odifi.
aim,
air,
V.
air, n.
V.
tu
. . .
nino.
tori.
kpafefe.
a.
a. v.
nigbani,
ni-
ap'petite,
n.
v.
isinu.
liokuij.
air'y,
onifefe.
akin',
ba
n.
tdij, t4i).
alarm', alarm',
alas',
deruba, dagiri.
idagiri, ididii.
aa, dsia, ye.
afir).
n.
ogbologbo.
dehiij.
maleika.
ibin6, idin6.
ihokui).
fi si.
fi
. . .
die,
:
fi
se,
interj.
an'ger, an'ger,
an'gle,
to
ap-
albi'no,
ale, n.
n.
oti.
bi
. .
nin6.
n.
\govi.
:
appoint'ed,
an an-
a.
ayag
n.
appointed
a'lien, n.
adzedzi.
v.
^i
.
a'lienate,
alight',
V.
laiya.
day, adadio.
appoint'ment,
appraise',
v.
ilana, ifidze.
ba,.
kokose.
v.
sokpaijkpa.
alike' (be),
dabi, dzo.
v.
aiyato, bakana,
anni'hilate,
so
di asar).
annoy',
alaiye,
alayfe,
v.
da..', lara,
n.
alive',
]ay6.
a.
aye,
lenu.
apprehen'sion, n. ono, on6. yo... apprehen'sive, a. sadzo, ^on6. approach', '. sor)ra6, sumo, tft.
ta,
fi
annoy'ance,
n.
idzaba, lala.
Al'coran,
all', a.
alkurani.
:
anoint',
at
v.
kuij,
kpara,
fi
a'pron, n. ar'cher, n.
tafatafa.
alayekai), ibante.
akpofii),
akporiki,
ororo
yai).
anoint'ed,
yai).
n.
eni to 4
ororo
ar'gue,
arise',
v.
v.
diiyaq.
dide,
al'legory, alli'ance, n.
all-see'ing,
akawe.
ibare.
oni.
nde
to arise he-
ano'ther, pron.
elomirai),
mi-
al'ligator, m.
n.
aristocracy,
n.
fada.
ariguijgbogbo.
n.
allure 'ment,
Almigh'ty, n.
gidzi.
loLuij. ark, n. an's"wer, v. diibui), da q\o. . esi, idahui). arm, n. akpa. an's'wer, |tai). hamora Obaqgidii, Baq- ant, n. eruij different kinds are arm, v, di
. ;
. .
to
arms !
016!
almost', adv.
fere ofere.
ikai), ota.
armed',
n.
\he.
a. n.
hamora.
adzude,
dziifu, safiij,
alms,
n.
BJitece'dent,
an'telope,
n.
a^adzu.
various kinds
armlet,
saba.
saraha.
ARM
ar'mor,
n.
94
atone',
v.
BAT
back,
adv.
lehiq, sehiij.
sorolehiij.
ihamora.
abeya, abiya, iya.
se etutn.
n.
fi
. .
arm 'pit, n.
ar'my,
n.
atone 'ment,
attach', attack',
attain',
V.
etutu.
.
m6.
afim6.
back'bite, v. back'biter, n.
hii].
alenini, as9r9le-
attachment,
V. v.
n.
d^aW, kolA.
o\v6
n.
tB.
back-door',
n,
eburu.
dide, diinde.
backed,
a.
abelnq.
z;.
arraign', arrange',
arri'val,
v. v.
bi
ledio.
attain'ing,
atini.
backslide,
fa...seliii).
to. n.
ito.
arrangement,
n.
v.
attempt', attempt',
attend',
v.
v.
kusa, sa.
isa.
back'ward,
lehii), sehii).
adv.
lehii),
lehiij-
n.
atide.
arrive', ar'ro^w,
ar'tery,
art'ful,
as, adv.
fiyesi, kiyesi,
kodiusi, mudzuto.
isii).
n. n.
a.
bad, a. buru, bubuni. bad'ness, n. bubuiTi. bag, n. abo, akpo, 14ba. bag'gage, n. eru.
bai'liflfj n.
ikpef9i), 9lokpa.
. . .
alayidayida.
ti.
n.
afiyesf,
akiyesi,
bait,
V.
,
fi
wo.
yag.
bake
v.
di, diij,
attract',
ti
.
v.
kuijfa.
ashamed',
lodzii.
a.
sesiq, tidzn,
. .
ba'ker, n. alakara. ba'lance, n. ogba. bald, a. kpari, akpari. bale, V. {water), gboij
di
. . .
{to pack),
ash'es,
n.
a.
eru, labulabu.
ashore',
guqle.
11
aside', adv.
akpakaij.
. .
.
ask,
V.
bfere, bi, bi
lebi, bi
oi)roro, roro.
olfikpilese, onisi. n.
v.
li
okete.
bale,
ball,
n.
6ket6.
i^u,
o\k.
fi
ball, n.
V.
iw9^u, 9ta.
. . .
ola le.
iw, di
li
osu.
lere.
bamboo',
n.
9kpagui),
{wine-
asleep',
ass', n.
a.
asiiii, ijsilo.
ketekete.
n.
.
palm) akpako.
assassina'tion, assault', V. ba
.
ainolekpa.
avenge',
v.
gbesfiij,
wadi9.
odia, agbaerr
ni
da
. .
nigi, kolu.
v.
a'venue,
.
n. n. yi
.
ba'nish,
v.
le
kuro
diade.
assem'ble,
. . .
dari
aver'sion,
avert',
v.
bap'tism,
.
n.
v.
itb9uii.
kuro, yi
. .
kpa- baptize',
t|b9mi.
V.
sa kuro.
V. v.
durode.
dii
:
assent',
assist',
rai)
. .
v. V.
balobui).
awake',
gb^,
gbe,
to
hk
n.
... ic,
denly, tadii.
v.
dehui), kpinu.
n.
adehu^j,
arosilS,
lowo.
ibase, ira^lowo.
a"wake',
a^vare',
aba^e, abanise.
a. a.
adzi, aisili).
assist'ance,
assist'ant,
n.
rah.
asso'ciate,
sore.
v.
kegbe,
v.
gbo.
ekpo.
ahere.
n.
n.
awe,
n.
V.
deniba.
'
bar'rel, n.
agba.
asso'ciate,
assort',
V.
alabadie, egbe.
a'w'ful,
a.
li
|ru.
sa, sa.
bar'ren,
a.
agaq,
sagai),
ase-
kaw6.
avT'hile', adv.
of land) a^ale,
akpara, sakpara.
bar'renness,
bar'ter,
v.
n.
See barren.
or
mu
dadzu.
assu'redly, adv.
dadiudadzu.
alafere.
axe,
n.
asth'ma, n. asthma'tic,
asto'nish,
. .
.
fere.
base, base,
a.
n.
n.
bash'ftil,
a.
onisadiu, olodinti,
koto.
v.
enu
^e.
ya, yanu,
ya
B.
baboon', ba'by, n.
n.
akiti,
tidifi.
lenu,
h^
ba'sin,
n.
n. n.
awo
n.
asto'nishment,
astray', adv.
ha, iyanu.
obo.
bas'ket,
agbSij, ivkn.
yakpa.
\o\.q.
li,
9m9-agbo, omo-owo.
n.
asun'der,
at, prep,
adv.
leba,
ba'chelor,
back,
n.
ehii)
bas'tard, baste, v.
9m9-ale.
gai).
fitr-
bathe,
v.
luwe.
n.
athirst',
a.
o^gbe gbe.
nace, dagii).
bath 'house,
baluwe.
BAT
bat 'tie,
n.
95
begin'ner,?i. alakose, olukpile^e. be'ware',
v.
BLI
kiyesi.
idzakpati, ogni).
bat'tle-axe, n. gamugamu. baAvl, V. kigbe. ba-wl'ing, n. ikigbe, ifo. be, V. mbe, wa, ya, ni, gbe,
si, se, di,
begin'ning,n.
atetek9se,
akose,a^eseko^e,
atikpilese,
atetese,
loke.
kpe.
aga-kposi.
begrudge',
beguile',
v.
v.
kSij, kAij.
.
. .
bier,
n.
dze.
ebnte, ibado.
taij, tai)
dze.
beach,
bead,
n.
n.
ileke
beguile'ment, n. itai)die. bil'lo'W, behave', v. hii, liilwa. beha'vior, n. hihil, iwa, iwa- bind, v.
kuwa.
be
. . .
de,
n.
demo, dern.
bind'ing,
lori, beri.
beak,
n.
k9k9ro.
house), n.
beam
bean,
bear,
so,
Til
;
{of a
n.
eke.
ewe,
awudie,
:
bird,
n.
eiye
kiyesi, saw6,
v.
wo.
bird'-cage, bird'-lime,
bird'-shot,
n. n.
n. n.
kpondo.
v.
;
behoove',
bl,
ye
fu.
ahariya, awaya.
bimo
to
iwa.
bird'-snare,
birth,
n.
adia-akpa, ige-
seso
to
to
iioqgboi).
erar), eraijko.
belch, n. ife. belch, V. gufe. belief, n. igbagb6. believe', v. gba gb6. believ'er, w. olugbo, onigbagb6.
. .
.
a.
Ill,
bi eraijko.
bo, te,
a.
li
beau'tifu.1,
arlwa, dara.
. .
n. ago, agogo, korokoro, bit, n. gai)gai), kikini, okele: a saworo, gbaqgaij. bridle-bit, idzanu. bite, V. bu saij. die, bu ^wa, yandiu, bell'-ringer, n. alagogo. koro. bel'loAvs, n. ewiri. bit'ter, a.
bell,
bilil,
kpa.
16wa. bit'terness, n. araijkai), bel'ly, n. ikuij. beau'tify, v. se ororo. n. idara. belong', V. dze ti, se ti, tori. beau'ty, |\va, because', conj. nitori, nitoriti, belov'ed, a. ayaijfe, ayo, oliifc. black, V. (]<i. adii (b9l9di9). latori. isale, black, a. below', prep, and adv. v. nisale. beck'on, diuwo, fowokpe, lodo, black'ing, n. edii.
.
ikoro,
sakpere.
belt, n.
v.
lawani, mayafi.
ba,
.
black 'ness,
rel6,
t|,
n.
dudu.
become',
bed,
n.
da, di.
See
suit.
bend,
v.
.
da,
.
16,
. .
ibustlij,
akete,
okpo,
teba, te
bale, te
bere.
blad'der, blade, n.
n.
ile ato.
kpekpele.
bed'-bug,
n.
idoi).
labe, nisal.
blame,
WOI).
v.
ba
a.
. .
wi,
fi
diebi,
asore, olore.
. . .
bed'-fellovr,
n.
abanisAij.
v.
da
a.
lere, saij.
ifeni,
blame 'less,
ofe.
aibdwi.
bee, n. oyii), olugbe. bee'-hive, n. ile-oyiij. beef, n. eraq nialil. beer, n. otf, sekete.
bee'tle,
n.
bene volence, n.
bene'volent,
ofe.
anu
blan'ket,
n.
alakiba, kubusii.
v.
blaspheme',
soro egai).
S9
egai),
benumb'ed,
a.
keti, ketiri.
.
blasphem'er,
olus6r9 egai).
n.
asor9
egai),
heavy mallet), bereave', v. gba (an insect), alubara, bambam 14), se.. .lofo.
(a
;
. .
li
(Gen. 43,
blas'phemy,
blast,
ofo.
V.
n.
egai).
oboijboi).
bereav'ed,
ba.
a.
fo.
fif9i).
be'fa'u', V.
bereave'ment,
V.
hefore', adv.
larii) kai),
ki...to,ki...teni, beset',
19... gbaka.
kpelukpelu.
doti
. . .
blaze, bleed,
n.
v.
. ,
niladiu,
niwadiu
siq,
besides', adv.
ledie.
siwadzu.
besiege',
prep,
v.
ka.
bleed'ing,
bless,
V.
isedie,
igbadie
before',
iwadzu, lodiu, bespeak', v. ba. niwadiu, siwadiii, ^iwadiu. best, a. dara diu gbogbo 16h.
adv.
^e
.
a bleeding at
wure.
before'hand,
befriend',
lore.
v.
tele.
. .
bestOTv',
. . .
v.
bilsi.
bless'ed,
.
alabuk6i), ibuk9q ni
li
ore, ^e
beg,
V.
bfe,
fu. bestovr'er, n. alabilsi. v. fi .. bless'er, n. betray', da, haq, kpa. betray'er, n. onifihaij, oniku- bless'ing,
oltihukoi), onibusi.
n.
abukoij,
ibuk9i),
beget', V. beget'ter,
bimo.
obi.
kpani.
ibusi.
v.
n.
betroth',
bet'ter,
fe a.
. .
fn, fe
s6na.
blind,
a.
kdid
f9
. . .
a blind person,
to
beg'gar,
dekoso.
n.
betroth'ed,
a.
afesSna.
afodiii.
ftiye, sap.
blind,
V.
lodzd
blind
beg'glng,
begin',
v.
n.
agbe.
beresi.
blind'fold,
v.
di
'.
lodid.
BLI
blind'ness,
blis'ter,
v.
96
ifodid.
BRU
okpiijlfe,
n.
le.
airiiaij,
bor'der,
odzu-ile.
w.
samba,
da
.
breathe,
v.
mi,
w.
a.
mi
femi,fe, gbii).
breathing,
.
.
imi.
V.
>vu.
bore,
V.
lu,
lu.
breath'less,
n.
ailemi.
n.
V.
born, borne,
a. a.
bibi. riru.
v.
block'head.
See stupid.
m.
bor'ro"w,
See pantaloons.
bor'ro'wer,
Sse edze.
bo'som,
n.
owokaijaiya.
ati,
bloodiness, . blood'shed, n.
blood'y,
a.
eledie.
itadzesile.
medzedzedzi.
.
. .
yo
lenu.
breeze, n. brevr, v.
brevr'er,
kpoqti.
n.
9l9ti.
edie, eledie.
dife, tu.
bloom, bloom,
blot,
V.
V.
n.
hi
V.
bough,
etoi)
off,
71.
aketoq,
akpa,
eka,
blot, n.
abawoi).
fe,
ior)
:
kpeka.
ni dide.
blO'W,
feti6
;
to
ifow
bre-w'ery, n. ebu-oti. bribe, n. abetele. bri'bery, n. abetele, ibetele. brick, n. dzikanu. bride, n. iyawo, adelebd.
okpiq, okpiqlS.
allokpiij,
bride'groom,
bridge,
bri'dle, bri'dle,
n.
n.
v.
n.
oko-iyawo.
aini-
afira.
bende, ese.
a.
fifoi], ife.
idianu.
bloAv'ing, blue, 71. aro, ayinrir), wadzi. blunt, a. kii. bo'a-constric'tor, n. ere. boar, n. ako elede a wild boar, 5gai), amado, igaq.
:
bO'W,
V.
foribale, teba, te
bale,
ko
li
idianu.
teri, teriba.
bri'er, n.
eg6i).
bovT,
71,
orui).
n.
ifoij.
bright, a. dag, fofo. dag. bright'en, v. dag, mu bright'ly, adv. rokiroki. bright'ness, n. idag, rirag.
.
. .
board,
boast,
n.
V.
akpako, kpako.
se
fefe,
okp9i).
.
bril'liant,
osaij.
a.
rag, yag.
fudia, halS,
bo^w'string,
brilliantly, adv.
yag.
di eti.
dzanu,
yai)rai).
boast'er,
n.
abale, onifefe.
box, boy,
n. n.
brim,
n.
eti.
omokoijri.
n.
boy 'hood,
iwa omo.
fudza.
w.
boat'man,
n.
bob 'tail,
bo'died,
n. a.
a.
k6g
mu
bebe.
. ,
w4h,
gbe
. . .
kufekufe,
brink,
n.
abara, alara.
braid, brain,
v.
ba, diroij.
j'aya.
m. w.
m9dumodu.
igbe.
vcoti
gauggaug
brake,
braji,
tmhei/s
bristle,
9gb9g.
ege.
bog, n. bog'gy,
boil, n. boil,
V.
71.
egbo, eta.
brit'tle, a.
elege.
n.
akoro.
owo.
b6, bo, ru,
brit'tleness,
nibo.
ni gboro.
boil'er, n.
odu.
alami, onisami
broad'cast, adv.
broil,
V.
bold,
a.
gbodin, laiya.
adv.
n.
ide.
sog, sug.
a. a.
boldly,
bols'ter,
laiberu.
brave.
braTwl,
V.
See hold.
s6, dia.
broiled,
sisug.
bold'ness,
n.
aiberu, aifbya.
irora, timtim.
bro'ken,
variojis
dida, ^ese:
broken
bread,
n,
akara
m.
kinds
iri
okilrii,
kilduru.
bro'ken-hearted,
iiodze.
onirobi-
bread'-seller,
ideni,
alikara.
breadth, n.
breaJc, hreak
out,
v.
brook,
n.
abetu.
bond'maid, n. bond'man, n.
loose,
;
ru
bond'-servant, n. iwofa. bond'-service, n. b(a. bone, n. cgui), egui)gui). bo'ny, a. elegui). book, n. iwe, tira.
boot, n. boo'ty,
sobombia, sorombia.
n.
break down,
wo
breast'bone,
breast'plate,
n.
w.
tanikpa.
awo-aiya.
odi.
amona.
bro"wn,
bruise,
a.
v.
kp6g rusurusu.
ba.
BRU
bruis'ed, brute, n.
bru'tish,
a.
hilia, fif6.
97
calabash,
kpok9.
n.
CHA
akoto,
igba.
eraijko.
a.
bi eraijko.
cala'mity,
cal'culate,
calf, n.
n.
v.
6fq.
iirb.
ike.
buck'et,
n.
kuruba.
oraq.
calico,
call,
V.
call, n.
w6dia,
. . .
ta,
ta
ti
. . .
ke,
kole,
eko, kai)gi.
Tib,
ba,
t&
balfe,
. . .
build'er,
n.
akole,
eta.
kuro.
cast'away,
cas'trate,
v.
n.
th,
adqno.
n.
idake,
idakedze, idatedo.
wS
lewa.
gbiqgbiniki.
a.
keroro.
ca'sual,
adv.
iqj),
a.
abakpade.
lara.
calmly,
ca'mel,
cat, n.
ako malA.
n.
ibakasie, rakumi.
hni), yaui).
camp, camp,
V.
n.
catch,
V.
mu
diorai).
bunch,
n.
n.
odidi.
bun'dle,
abo,
idi,
iti,
iwoi)-
woi), yaijgidi.
bur, n. emo. bur'den, n. en\. bur'glar, w. abole, bolebole. bur'glary, n. ibole, ifole.
bu'rial,
n,
isiq, siijsii).
can, aux. V. le. can'did, a. awimahyihug. can'dle, n. atqqkpa. can'dlestick, n. okpa atqqkpa. cau'dy, n. oyiri. cane, n. ikaij, teteguij. can'ker, v. dakpara. can'nibal, n. adzenia, dzeniadieiiia.
catching fire,
ca'terpillar,
cat'tle, n.
kokoro.
Ssir).
cause, cause,
8rai).
V.
da
sil^, sq,
sodi.
edi,
causeless,
cau'tion, n. cau'tioner,
a.
ainidi, laisS.
kilo.
burn,
iJ.
can'non,
canoe', cap, n.
folo.
ji.
n.
agbaboi).
fatele,
n,
olobo.
v.
daij,
mu
daq.
fila,
cave,
iJ.
ya.
hSi).
caw,
V. v.
be, saij.
sii),
cease,
gbagba,
to.
siijku.
capa'cious,
caprice', capsize',
n.
v.
bush,
w.
igbe, igbdro.
n.
ise,
iwakuwa.
da.
olori.
. . .
wawo,
ye.
a.
bu'siness, bu'sy, a.
kposile.
draq.
cease'less,
ceil'ing,
??.
aidd.
:
cap 'tain,
n.
adza
ceiling over
bu'sybody,
olofofo.
n.
ofofo,
ofoforo,
adiailfi.
fSfe, f
.
.
lefe, fesi,
(female), igbesij).
^ugboi), biko^e.
n.
^u
lohur).
n.
capti'vity,
n.
ikoguij, ikol6h.
ero,
cen'tipede,
cen'tral,
a.
tanitani sokq.
alakpata.
agboti.
caravan',
n.
ewo, ow6.
ariij, ti ariq.
arii).
butler,
71.
butt'-end, but'ter, n.
n.
idi.
nisi,
cen'tre, n. cer'tain, a.
ones,
danilodifi
certain
ori
amo, wagi.
labalaba.
but'terfiy,
n.
but'toek,
n.
idi.
care, w. care'ful,
aniyaij, itodzu.
a.
buy,
V.
ra, da.
n.
care'fuUy,
fi,
adv.
n.
lesqleso.
cer'tainty, cessa'tion,
chaffy
ra.
n. n.
aisiyemedzi.
ekuq, yiye.
gunugunu.
leti,
care'fulness,
lodo,
ti-
esq.
leba,
care'less,
kpase.
by-and-by',
gbo^e.
adv.
nigbo^e,
di-
c.
niha. chagrin', v. ya caress', v. nani. chagrin', n. abdnio. car'nal, a. ark, ti ara. chain, n. ewoq. carne'lian, n. esu. chain, v. di lewoij. cami'vorous, a. eraq abekana. chair, n. aga, ogdt). car'penter, n. gbenagbena. chalk, w. efuij. car'pet, n. kinisi. cham'ber, n. iy6wu, y6wu.
. . . .
a.
chaffy,
elekpo.
car'rier, n.
alarii.
chame'leon,
oi'isa.
n.
agemo,
oga
car'ry,
cart,
olele.
.
v.
rd.
kekeru.
v.
chance,
carve,
gbe.
CHA
chance, v. change, v.
n.
98
choice,
kpa,
n.
V.
. .
COL
close,
f9i),
ialab4kpade.
di,
iwu.
fe...lodiu,
.
a.
itosi
foq-
nitosi, nikusa.
foi)
I9r9i).
closely, adv.
girigiri,
buruburu,
giri,
choose, V. yag. nyidk. change, chop, V. ke, kegi. change 'ahle, a. alaiduro. n. awowo, ibu, ibubu, chop'per, n. akegi. chan'nel, cho'sen, n. ayarife. ikpa, kdijrog, kSro, 6na. Chris 'tian, n. nasura. chap, V. la. chro'nicler, n. ologbo. chap'ter, n. oii. n. ise. church, n. adi9, akpedi9. cha'racter, n. iwa. churn, v. mi wara. characteris'tic,
char'eoal,
n.
kpir),
clo'set, .
cloth,
alas9.
clothe,
vib
. .
V.
da^9b6,
n.
. .
19^9,
I9S9.
clothing,
as9.
sai]-
edu,
cigar', n.
sarota.
n. n.
charge,
charge,
anu.
v.
f5rai)m6,
kngbu
to
cim'eter, cin'ders,
cir'cle, n.
agada.
idaro.
agbo, ayika.
a.
cloudiness, n. cloudless, a.
k9
. . .
gudegude.
toto.
cha'ritable,
a.
oijfeni,
ol9re
cir'cular,
nila.
alayika.
v.
cir'cumeise,
n.
tii
k9la,
cha'rity,
ifeni,
.
. .
charm, charm,
chase,
n. n.
v.
gbogod6, gboij-
gb9r) gb9i)gb9i).
iwa,
clum'sy,
a.
gbogod6.
odidi.
cheap,
cheat,
. , .
a.
V.
:
kp6, ko woq.
re
to
. die, tandze, ya cheat in play, so. .
clus'ter, n.
a.
cir'cumstanced,
onikpa.
oniwa, coadju'tor, n.
abdnise.
di, siiij.
ndie
coa'gulate,
ar41|, aralu, ol9to.
v.
dzoro.
ci'tizen, n.
ilu.
fi
.
coal, n.
coarse,
.
.kpe
esiq
he claimed coast,
ti
n.
the horse, 6
fi
kpe
r6.
clam,
n.
ikara.
checked, cheek, n.
cheer,
v.
a.
abila, etu.
ereke.
k6ke.
cock,
da
cheer'ful, a. cheer'fuhiess,
raya.
kpakpe, sakpe.
n.
iru.
ageni9.
clap'ping,
n.
akpe.
cock'atoo,
a.
n.
aluko.
arayd,
ida-
cla"W,
n.
v.
n.
V.'
ekaij,
ekana.
.
cocked, eock'roach,
ako.
n.
ayag.
cheese,
wakasi, warakasi.
ke.
ola"W,
dza.
a.
lekana.
cher'ish, chest, n.
che'w,
chew
V.
roi), ror),'
we
to
tobacco, di.
abekaiia.
oi'9, efuij.
wl
n6.
cohabita'tion,
coil,
V.
n.
abasuij.
cleanly,
tonitoni.
See wind.
kpataki.
olu, olori.
clean'ness, n. aileri, mim6. coin'eidence, n. atibd, iba. cleanse, \ i'3,-w|...m6,w|...n5. colander, n. adigbaro, adiro. cleans'ed, a. awend. cold, n. amudi, otu, otutu.
chief priest,
n.
n.
akpini, idzigbo.
cleansing,
clear, clear,
II.
n.
if&.
cold,
as clouds, t6.
a.
nini,
kpotutu, tutu.
ewe, madiesi, omo, 9m9de. child'hood, n, ewe, iwa omo. childish, a. bi omode. child'ishly, adv. diegbedzegbe. childless, a. ailomo.
chill,
V.
ia...
;
co'lic, n.
owoko.
idiroij
:
^aijgbe
a.
clear
col'lar, n.
a dog's collar,
eka.
mo.
col'lar-bone,
ia
n.
clearly, adv. kede, toto. m6, cleave, v. bumo, di mo, faramS, kum6.
.
. .
collect',
sudz9.
V.
^e
legiri.
lakiri.
collect'ed,
akot^i).
collec'tion,
. . .
n.
akokp6,
asisa.
iiik.
mo,
re.
di
m6.
chimpan'zee,
chin, chip,
n:
n.
inaki, iro.
V.
agboi).
clock,
clod,
n.
ago, agogo.
n.
n.
V.
akpala, ogultitu.
di,
awo.
close,
kpade,
se.
co'lored,
alaw6.
COL
omo co'lumn, n.
colt, n.
esiij.
99
CON
akodza, a^etdg
,
comple 'tion, n.
itai).
bwoi).
:
eoml),
n.
oya
ya.
a.
di.
confuse',
da
.
v.
da
. .
ru,
roof-ridge, ata.
comb,
V.
combina'tion,
idikpS.
n.
gba,
dzudidzudi,
n.
ruru,
wuru-
wuni.
confu'sion,
. .
5mu, adamu
de
m61,
fi
combine',
v.
come,
come
V.
;
de, w41i
dawokpS. to come
:
sir).
by,
;
conceal'ment,
ibonwlS.
n.
adiiijsirisii),
pass, se
in,
come down,
wole, won6.
s6,
s6kale
conglo'merate, v. su. conglomera'tion, n. &in, \in. con'gregate, v. kpedi9. congrega'tion, n. adz9, idi9,
awudz9.
concem'ing, ^j-f/).
niti, nititi, iiitori,
nidi, niditi,
101-91),
td
. .
iiin6.
nitoriti, sikpa,
n.
karaw9i).
v.
congru'ity, n. abade. conjec'ture, v. mamSdza. con'jure, v. kpidaij. connect', v. dikp6, sokp5. connive', v. modiukuro.
kpere.
conclude',
w.
kpari,
kpinu,
com.'forter,
eom'forting, com'ing, n.
kpiijbuq.
atibft,
conclu'sion, con'cord, n.
n.
ikpinu.
is9kai).
con'quer, v. da, ^eguij, sete. eon'queror, n. olusete. con'science, n. im6nin6. consent', v. gba.
command',
lase, solori.
v.
kpase,
olori.
kpa
coneord'ant, a. con'cubine, n.
sokaq.
ale.
con'sequence,
consi'der,
. .
.
n.
igbehii).
v.
gbero,
adv.
m^ro,
tiiotiro,
eommand'er,
n.
condemn',
lebi,
v.
. .
dadz9h\, da
fi
. . .
de
fi
bi,
.
diebi,
^i
{to
. . .
consi'derately,
toyetoye.
death)
ladie.
diewo ^ye,
n.
considera'tion,
dida
ebi,
n.
ero, igb^ro,
condemna'tion,
yiq, buyiq fu.
n.
ebi, idadz9lil.
irono.
commend',
v.
anu.
eondemn'ed,
condi'tion,
n.
a.
diebi.
aiye, ila.
a^e iko.
le
tu...nin9,
tu...
]9wo.
. .
compact'Iy,
compin'ion,
adv.
n.
gbimgbam.
egbe, elegbe,
n.
conduct', V. hilwa. Ied9. con'duct, n. biliii, iwa, ihAw^. conspi'cuous, n. y9diu, y9ri. co'ney, n. agara, kumbu. conspi'cuously, adv. li gbaijn. confe'deracy, adakp5. gba. confe 'derate, a. dakpd. conspi'racy,. abam9l|,im61|. confedera'tion, n. idakp5. conspi'rator, n. amoIS.
confer', ?;.
ba...s9kpo,dam9rai).
conspire',
mol6,
v.
compan'ionship, adium9. eom'pany, n. egbe, ewo. we. compare', v. farawe, fi compar'ison, n. iwe. com'passes, n. inakiri. compas'sion, n. anu irado.
.
.
con'ference,
ironu, iy9nu.
compas'sionate,
. .
a.
confess', v. confes'sion, n. idiewo. confidant', n. ore 9kai). confide', v. gbekele. con'fidence, n. eke. con'fident, v. dadiu, gbodiule. sanu, confine', v. di, do. confirm', v. dielesemulfe, di
. .
n.
rikisi,
se am61|, ^awo.
n.
dirikisi,
con'stancy,
itirir)m9le.
con'stant, a. aida. con'stantly, adv. li aida. constella'tion, n. yojo. con'stitute, v. sonidi'. constraint', n. ifiyaqdiu^e,
iyaijdzu.
con'sul,
n.
v.
adzele.
^e. compel', V. le compel'led, a. alaigb9do. com'pensate, v. saij fu. compete', v. didie, dudie. competi'tion, n. idie.
.
kale,
fi
mul|, mule.
n.
consult',
confirma'tion,
con'fiscator,m.
conflict',
V.
imule.
consult
an
consulta'tion,ra.
v.
adi6r6, ibaro,
complEiin',
widzo.
v.
s5,
saroye, s5s9,
kp6.
complaint', n. os5. con'summate, v. kpari, ^et&i). confound'ed, a. damn. a. a. abudza. con'tact, n. agbako. complete', kpo, setai), 1619. confound'ing, complete'ly, adv. kpatakpata, confront', v. ko, k9diusi, ko conta'gious, a. rkz), oniraij,
,
tai).
lodiu.
gbe.
CON
contain',
v.
100
co-opera'tion, mo.
aho,
n.
CRO
abase, adiuabanise.
gba.
ieleya.
.
court,
V.
fe, fe
niyawo.
contemn', v. contempt',
iwosi,
siiti.
eour'teous,
a.
onikpele.
abukvli),
co-o'perator,
n.
cop 'per, n.
CO 'pious,
a.
baba.
wo wo,
kp5.
contemp'tible
abese.
person,
.
a.
contemp'tuousness,
contend',
v.
igaij.
co'ver,
de
. . .
V.
ni9l|
dia.
a.
co'vered,
a.
obo.
content 'ed,
bal|.
cord, n. cork, n.
sa-
obara, o^ar).
edidi. n.
cork'wood,
afere, afoforo.
content'ment,
con'test,
n.
n.
m.
ibal6.
odiu-
ikaqguij,
idiadu, idiakpati.
itosi.
co'vetousness, w. odiukokoro.
ikpaka.
idiere, irukere.
eontigu'ity, egbe, con'tinence, n. imaraduro. conti'nual, a. ie iwadzu. conti'nually, adv. titi. contract', v. soqki to contract
:
corn'-floor,
n.
corn'-silk, n.
corn'-stalk,
n.
kpokporo.
eko.
ire.
corn'-stareh, n. corn'-tassel, n.
cow'ardly,
adv.
bodio, lodio.
words, dakpo.
oontrac'tion, .
idakpe.
isoi)ki,adakpe,
to,
kpe.
n.
s4i).
iroro.
contrac'tor, contradict',
gbo
.
.
n.
v.
adehuij.
a.
kpe.
. . .
eru.
ki
. . .
ba
diiyai),
dia,
.
. .
lenu,
diakoro,
nikoro, di\ja,j).
die; corrupt', V. ba corrupt'ed, a. dibadze. corrupt'ible, a. ni ibadze. corrup'tion, n. ibadze. corrupt'ness, n. abadze.
cram,
crane,
y6.
:
n.
ose
crested
crane,
&guf9i).
cravr'fish,
n.
fa,
ede.
r&, rako, rak6ro,
ta
cost,
n.
iye,
elo
iye rS
li
how
kpi
he
cra^wl, w6.
V.
v.
flsi.
ow6
it is costly.
cra'ziness, cra'zy, a.
n.
gb^regbere.
siqwig.
asiijwii),
in6
di,
in6 r5
di,
cream,
n.
ori
wara.
is costive.
con 'trite,
a.
cos'tiveness,
COSt'ly,
a.
li
n.
idino.
contri'tion,
control',
control',
V.
iron6kpiwada.
n.
ow6.
crea'tion,
crea'tor,
cre'dit,
lawii).
n.
contri'vance,
n.
ero.
^akoso.
n. n.
crea'ture,
v.
edk.
akoso, ik4w6.
cot'ton-tree,
n.
araba.
da...l4wii), gb^...
convene'.
conversa'tion,
ro.
v.
n.
6io,
iso-
cre'dit,
awiij.
s6ro.
cough, cough,
V.
hnkq.
iko.
n.
yi-
kpada.
crick'et,
gai)rai).
con'vict,
V.
da
ISse.
convince', v. so asoye. eonvul'sion, n. orere. cook, V. se. cook, n. al4se, as4se, asendie.
cool, cool,
V. feri, r6, tu.
n.
odiu.
cri'er, n.
akede.
|se.
crime, crim'son.
n.
See
V.
scarlet.
crip 'pie,
aifoya,
n.
ar9.
crip'ple,
laro.
da...lS8e,
oni.
da...
a.
tu, tutu.
ihxj.
cool'ly, adv.
courage'ous,
le.
a.
alalberu.
cro'codile,
n.
eool'ness,
n.
v.
etu.
courage 'ously,
course,
n.
adv.
fi
aiberu.
00-o'perate,
hk...
CRO
crook'edness,
wiwo.
n.
101
alto,
i\v6,
DEF
dan'dy, n. b9kini, oge. dan'ger, n. ewu. dan'gerous, a. lewu, di ewu.
dare, dare,
v.
ikore.
aketi.
agbelebu.
cun'nlngly, adv. fl ogb6i). cup, V. gbadze. cup, n. ago, ife. cure, V. sawotii), tag. cur'ed, a. awot4i).
curl,
curl,
V.
dasa, gb9d9.
n.
a.
6gb9do.
su, sisu, sokuij.
M.
dark,
odo.
darkly,
adv.
cross'bowman,
kpo.
n.
alakatai]-
cur'rent, cur'ry, v.
dark'ness, n.
okuijkui).
okuq,
fi
gbo, kigriq.
n.
. .
crossing,
a.
ebu.
n.
currycomb,
abudia
6na,
oya
fi
.
esiq.
. .
dash
daub,
[down),
.
v.
le,
S9
1,
. .
curse, V. curse,m.
curs'ed, a.
curs'ing, cur'tain,
fi
bu,
re.
S9IS, ^ai)
V.
. .
gbe
sar)I.
kni), ^ai).
n.
cross'wise,
nibubu
.
a.
ire, ireguri.
daugh'ter,
elegui), elekpe
:
9m9biri.
n.
to
thou
daugh'ter-in-la-w,
ayamo.
. .
lebu.
V.
crouch,
oroAW, n. hobo.
croAV,
laye.
V.
cgui).
kdnakana,
ko.
alukaijrii),
&io
tita.
curve,
forikpo, gbati,
n. a.
bi osumare.
bi
da^vn, V. modiumo. da^wn, n. afemodiumo, fadiere, imodium6, odium6, 5fe. day, n. idzo, odi6, 9dz6.
cur'^'ed,
osumare, olosu-
daylight,
daz'zle,
v.
n.
9sai3.
. . .
cro'wd, cro'wd,
V.
ha
mare.
raij
lodiu.
cush'ion,
M.
n.
71.
timtim.
ara, asa, ise.
daz'zlingly, adv.
maraqmarar).
dieredi6re
adi9,
a.
ifoijkpo,
iha-
cus'tom,
idena.
gaga, iwodz9.
Cus'tom-hous"e,?.
gaga,
. .
bode,ibode,
oni-
dead,
deaf,
a. a.
cro"wd'ed, croAvn, V.
lade.
\\k.
da
li
adc,
de
deafen,
di
leti.
crovm,
atari.
n.
ade
a.
of the head,
olufe, ayo.
oro"wn'ed,
eru'cible,
alade.
n.
v.
koro.
wo
. .
oni'cify,
lebu.
kaq
mo
agbe-
da ke
. .
lagbedemcdzi ke kuro,
. . .
to
cut
off,
dearth, w. 9da. death, n. ikfi, oku. deathlike, adv. bi oku. debt, n. igbese, gbese, {ancestral)
adasar).
89116,
sai),
cru'el,
a.
kano, onikano.
fi
decay',
v.
ra.
cru'elly, adv.
ikan6.
ika,
cutlass,
cy'cle,
n.
11.
ida.
deceit',
su.
n.
agalamasa, arekunda,
cru'elty,
ikano.
n.
adanikpa,
ayida.
a.
eni-etar), 9ro.
cylin'drical,
n.
crumb,
eruq.
. . .
etai;,
li
D.
crust,
gbesa.
n.
ekpa,
ihaho,
tebirj-
cry,
V.
S9kui)
kigbe, kp6hui)rere.
ery'ing,
cu'bit,
n.
n.
ekuij.
deceive', v. tag, tandie, tag die deceived, atitag. dab, V. gag. decei'ver, n. eletag, edale. dag'ger, n. aAoxo. daily, a. idi6gbogbo, odio- de'cent, a. b9kini. decide', v. kpinu. diumo, odzodz9. daily, adv. lidzogbogbo, lodio- deci'sion, v. ikpinu, didadio, iin6. dzumo.
. .
:
igb9wo.
.
. .
dam, V. dam, n.
sedo.
isedo.
v.
declare',
decline',
. .
v.
wi,
tenumo.
v.
rel|, fi.
.
.
dam'age, dam'age,
se
ni
n.
alusig,
.
dzamba. diamba.
sa
yai).
damn,
iroko.
v.
da
. .
lebi.
cul'tivate,
v.
ro, roko.
cultiva'tion, cul'tivator,
farmer.
dam'nable, dam'ned, v.
See
a.
adiebi.
diebi, damii.
deep,
a.
diinle, ogbog.
aroko.
damp,
irigl6.
a.
li
irig, tutu.
damp'ness,
a.
n.
iriij,
iriijmi,
cvin'ning,
awog,
n.
gboij,
9-
dam'sel.
Clui'ningness,
ogb6qk9-
See maid.
dzo.
n.
dance,
v.
to
. . .
ro.
dan'cer,
alariridzo, arigdio
defend'er,
v.
adabobo, alabo.
DEF
defence'less, a. aibo, alalbo. defi'eiency,. obukui),ibukui).
defi'cient,
defile',
leri.
102
despi'ser,
despoil',
. .
DI8
gani-
n.
alabukiiq,
di'ligence,
di'ligent,
n.
aiiemele. aisemele,
gani, elegai).
V.
a.
ko
^e-
a.
ri,
bukur), di.
ba
a.
die,
ko
V.
ba
die, se
leru.
de'stitute,
v.
alainl. n.
aini.
.
. .
dim,
lil
. .
.
a.
se baibai.
delay',
rotlzu.
diafara, fa
. .
sehii),
destitu'tion, destroy', v.
ba
die,
delight',
d5i).
V.
delight',
n.
v.
fu,
in6 diddij.
fi
. . .
deli'ver,
su,
le
low6,
fi
a.
alakpami). onibadie.
ibadie,
af9-
V.
.
.
xovt,
fi
b9,
td-
n.
direct',
fSnahai), diure,
ko
. . .
S9W6, yo.
olfigbala, olugba,
kui), to.
.
. .
deli'verer, n.
elegba.
detach',
v.
yd
a.
soto,
ya
. . .
si
direc'tor,
olut9.
w.
afSnaliEiij,
at9diu,
eri,
(ise kaij).
v. tai)
.
delude',
die.
detach'ed,
detail',
v.
ela.
dirt, n.
eguriij,
v.
erupke,
. .
de'luge,
n.
v.
ikoQ omi.
bere.
n.
v.
r6bere.
dirt'y,
dure.
keri, se
eleri.
luri.
demand',
detain',
.
.
v.
da
n.
. .
dirt'y,
adani-
de'mijohn, demo'lish,
rui).
ide.
detain'er,
.
adaduro,
w6
lule,
kpa-
duro.
deten'tion,
w.
ebilisi.
n.
diduro, idaduro.
a.
aiwu.se aiwu,
aikpade,
^e
^e
de'mon,
den,
11.
deter',
v.
k6, daiyafo.
v.
aire.
iho, ibodii.
n.
deve'lope,
de'viate,
ona.
v.
dagba, yori.
disappear',
li
v.
di ofo, se aihaq,
deni'al,
iyaq.
ki.
iki.
yisakpa
kai), yi
w6.
dense,
a.
den'sity, deny', v.
depart',
n.
device',
diiyai).
n.
disappoint', v. da lodiu.
. . .
da,
da
lara,
dil, s,
de'vil,
.
v.
^su, ebilisi.
disappoint'ed,
discern',
iwoye.
v.
ri,
v.
didii.
v. v.
devise',
hum6, kpete.
woye.
n.
iye,
depend',
depo'sit,
gbekele, gbokagle.
igbekele. gbe ... kale, kale.
n.
depend'enee,
t).
discem'ment,
discharge',
v.
oye,
af&kai)
si.
. .
da...silg,
raij
deprive',
v.
gba
low6.
idiinle,
devour,
v.
kpa
n.
die, dierui),
...loh.
depth,
w.
dziqdiii),
mu
die.
disci'ple,
akpadie, akpa-
n.
v.
orao-^mi.
sikpaya.
n.
v.
gboqgboQ, 9gbor), ibu, ibubu. deride', v. yosuti si. deri'sion, n. iyosuti si.
devour'er,
nidie.
disclose',
diselo'sure,
discoiir'age,
19119.
a^ikpaya.
daiyafo,
descend',
w6fl.
v.
ko
descend'ant,
ral) iru
n.
omo,
(in 'plu-
dew,
n.
iri.
omo.
isokale, gegere. so or wi bi ... ti
rf.
descent', n. describe', .
desert',
v.
ofe.
a.
foya,
a%a.
ibu, ibubu.
.
moye.
toyetoye. s5 awiye, wadi.
isun6.
discreetly, adv.
discuss',
iwadi.
V.
sal6h.
ku, wo.
v,
de'sert, n. desert', n.
agandiu, agindiu.
6re, igbese.
n.
v.
fe.
ife.
differ,
yato.
discus'sion,
disease',
n.
n.
desert'er,
isaijsa,
asaloh.
deserve',
desire',
v.
diere, die.
diFference, n. oto, iyato. different, a. yat9, iyat9, lot9. differently, adv. \oio^ li 919.
difficult,
a.
aisiij,
disgrace',^.
fi...8esii),se. ..li
soro,
deti,
gbe,
ate, ^e nibukiii).
desire',
desist',
lioro.
n.
V.
d6kui].
v.
disgrace',
abadz9, aham9,
esir).
n.
ate,
ete,
ibukiip,
de'solate,
dahoro, so
. .
da-
de'solated, a. ahoro, alahoro. de'solateness, n. idahoro, ofo. desola'tion, n, ahoro, idahoro. despise', v. gag, kegag, 4aho,
bu.
.
kale, tu
ka.
dig,
V.
wa, nal|.
i\val.
dasa, avrokp9k9.
dig'ger, v, di'latory,
diafara.
a.
dile, ^e
genegene,
gene-
disheart'en, v. disho'nesty, n.
arekcreke.
daiyafo.
ogb95k6gb9Q,
in... labukAq.
.kilr),
seleya.
despised', a.
gaq.
di'latoriness,
gene,
idile.
n.
afara,
disho'nor,
v.
See disgrace.
DIS
disho'norable, a.
disinter',
dislike',
v.
h(3.
103
ailol4,ainiyii).
EAG
dregs,
dried,
n.
a.
divi'dei', n.
v.
alakpii), ohikpii}.
gedegede.
iyangbe, ogbe.
n.
v.
aife.
dismiss',
diowo
n.
lowo,
tu.
seaijwo, se alawo.
drill, V.
kpero.
1119,
dismount', v. disobe'dienee,
dlsobe'dient,
olukoti.
s5, sokale.
odo.
v.
drink, v. drink'er,
drip,
V.
v.
mu, m9ti.
n.
9m9ti.
afo5gb6,
divorce',
31).
ko
silS
(Mat.
5,
aigbo, aigborar).
a.
drive,
drop,
alaigborai),
disobey',
disor'der,
ka,
I'll
. .
v.
v.
.
'kh,
se aigbo.
. .
V.
ro, to.
drop'sical person,
lorui).
n.
mddimi-
ba
die,
tu
se. a.
leti.
soke.
do'cile,
drop'sy,
oni^oguij,
n.
asoi)k6i),
ogodugbe,
disor'derly, adv.
^akpa^akpa.
doc'tor, n.
alufa.
ologuij,
akele.
disovm',
dispel',
v.
V. v.
ko,
tu
v.
ko
.
sil5.
. .
dross,
n.
n.
idaro.
n.
dispatch',
dispense',
disperse',
raij,
.
.
raq
.
ni^e.
doc 'trine,
do'er,
n.
iko,
ik9kuko.
drought,
drovT^n,
v.
oda.
ri.
ka
. . .
oluse.
kpiq
91)
fu.
dog,
n.
adia
olddog,ogl; wild
drum,
n.
ilii:
different kinds
v.
k&.
doff,
adzako.
display', v. se fari hai). display', n. aiahki), fSri. dispose', V. See dispense. dispo'ser, n. onikpii).
disposi'tion,
M.
sekere.
drum'-cord,
ile, ti ile, osii).
okpa.
olubata,
olii-
{qfmind),ivfL
aroye.
^etaq, se eletai).
eletaij,
domes'tic, a. domes'ticate,
lodzn.
drum'mer,
. .
v.
sirj,
r6
kpinti, &c.
dispute', V. disput'ing,
saroye, diiyai).
n.
dissem'ble, v. dissem'bler, n.
sii),
16
ikpa
si.
set4i).
alayi-
dayida, aseiycsate.
dissiniula'tion,.
ibodzu.
et^qjisetai),
dis'sipate,
v.
la
to dissipate
to be
dry,
a drouth, dk.
, . .
dou'ble-dealer,
yo,
fi
. . .
n.
agdbagebe,
duck,
dull,
n.
kpekpeiye.
aiinu, go, ku,
n.
dissolve',
dis'taffj n.
v.
yo.
aseiyesate.
n.
V.
a.
wuwo.
keke.
n.
dis'tance,
idiina,
aniani, iyemedii.
duU'ness,
ainiu.
siyemedzi, ianiani.
a.
dziqdiii), okere.
doubt'ful,
idiina, kagri,
saniani.
dumb, dumb,
a.
yadi, odi.
odi,
n.
kekekpa.
distant,
rere.
a.
diiij,
ataba.
lele,
luIB,
nile,
dis'tantly, adv.
distil',
V.
tiaq,
li
okere.
lodo.
rogui), se.
a.
distinct',
gbaijgba, l9to.
li
distinct'ly, adv.
distin'guished, a.
distress',
v.
dOAVn, n. (feathers), ihiibu. doAvn'-ward, adv. sisalS. doze, V. suijye, togbe, wo.
drafts,
n.
didi.
dun, V. dogoti, sii). dun, n. ologo. dunce, n. oijgS. dung, n. imi, igbe.
dung'hill, n. ataij, ereketi. du'rable, a. to. dust, M. ekuru, iyekuru, crukpe.
w6,
^ise, ^e
ni-
kpondiu.
distress', n.
He, ikpondiu.
v.
elerukpe, elekuru.
isiq-ise, isii).
ararL
dzoko, gbe, tedo.
agbe.
dare,
distri'bute,
.
hA... ka,
n.
kpii)
draught,
dravr,
v.
. .
n.
ft,,
.
akokpS.
fa
fa
.
fn.
kpada or
dvrell'er, n.
distribu'tion,
distri'butor,
dis'trict, n.
ikpiqfu, iw4.
biij, fa
ti,
n.
aid,
odiuwa.
odo.
mi.
dra-w'er,
n.
ifa.
disturb'er,
n.
ot9qkpai)yai).
dra-w'ing-knife,
n.
ifagi.
dAveU'ing, n. ibudioko. dye, V. re, se to dye blue, dye, M. aro, ose. dys'entery, n. bnj).
:
ditch,
n.
koto, yara.
dive,
.
V.
a.
k9n9, beru.
on9, ibera.
laid, \k.
E.
odiu
dream, dream,
rai).
v.
n.
each, pron.
ea'gle,
n.
olukiilu.
idi.
wari.
EAR
ear,
n.
eti
:
104
embrace',
ko, gba
tete,
. .
ESC
. .
v.
.
fa
v.
se ^1616.
eared, early,
16fe.
a.
abeti.
mora.
. .
.
enliv'en,
v.
da
to.
t6,
laraya.
adv.
ki\tukutu,
earn,
v.
diere, die.
a.
il|,
isote, 9te.
mu
bin6.
ear'nest,
f6kai)sf.
em'bryo,
eme'tic,
n.
ole.
enrich',
v.
59
. . .
d9r6.
earth,
n.
enikpe.
n.
v.
iruya.
e'migrate,
satikpo.
cle.
en'sign, n. enslave', v.
asia,
okpaguq.
.
.
39
deru.
e'minence,
lel|.
n.
emis'sion, n. emit', V. tu
itu
.
diade.
entan'gle, entan'gled,
v.
di,
a.
lia.
diade.
.
m9ra, didiu,
en'ter,
enter
. .
.
ro, tu.
fa, futefute,
employ',
kpese.
v.
kpe
n. n.
se.
entan'glement,
v.
n.
eas'ily, adv.
odzo.
employ'ment,
emp'tiness,
ikpe^e.
asar), ofo.
emp'ty,
a.
v.
bo,
da
nd, yi
one,
wo
lara,
v.
W9ra.
eas'y,
eat,
V.
danS.
entertain',
a.
mu
w5, &o...
die.
eat'able,
emp'ty, emp'ty-handed,
v.
.
. .
laledio.
4ai)w6.
entice',
v.
taq, tai)
. .
eaves,
ebb,
V.
n.
fa.
entire', a.
ni gbogbo, S9kai).
entire'ly, adv.
n.
.
darudaru,
lulu,
ebbing,
emula'tion,
ena'ble,
idie.
.
kpatakpata,
fi
kpi,
raurau, saka,
i>.
mu
la
to se,
agbara
kpase,
to
fu.
entreat',
v.
. .
v.
enact',
sofir).
16na,
amuwah,
se.
ase, idie.
encamp',
encamp
ido.
v.
effect',
V.
against, sagati.
ikpe.
effe'minate, a. bi obiii. effervesce', v. bo. effort, n. owere. egg, n. 63-115. egg'-plant, n. ikaq.
e'gret,
n.
budo, ibudo,
en'vy,
ilara,
n.
hf",
hee,
idiowu,
odiunla.
v.
gbadi, ylka.
en'vy,
se ilara.
enclose',
ka
v.
eneom'pass,
lekeleke.
eight, num. edio, medio, eighth, num. kedio. eight'y, num. ogoriq, orii].
ei'ther,
eject',
conj.
tabi.
V.
encoun'ter, v. encour'age, v.
diu.
mo. akai). e'paiilet, n. bu ka. epide'mic, . adiaka,adiakale. ko l&na, koti. e'pilepsy, . warakpa.
. . . . .
.
gba
niyaij-
epilep'tic,
n.
oni warakpa.
isi.
e'poch,
a.
n.
a.
odio
encour'aged,
okuijfa.
gberi.
n.
e'qual,
igberi,
d9gba.
ir9,
encour'agement,
end,
n.
e'qual,
ogba.
n.
odiugba, 6gba.
aitara,
iu, yiq.
a.
equal'ity,
:
n.
egbera,
eject'ed,
esu.
1, lel, 16.
elas'tic, a.
9gb9p, okpiq
atub6t4i).
the
end of
life,
e'quity,
n.
aisegbe.
elas'ticly,
dzai).
a(^y.
mediaqme-
end,
M.
V.
kpari,
v.
el'bo'W,
igborjwo.
endea'vor,
end'ed,
a.
kpekuq. daqwo.
kpuro.
n.
oro.
eld'er, n.
fiij, tai).
gba, egboi).
end'ing,
end'less,
n.
a.
akodia.
ainikpekuij.
n.
it9.
foriti,
rai), to,
eld'est,
a.
elect', n.
endu'ranee,
eriij.
erect',
v.
gbe
ro.
e'lephant,
adiiijaku,
ru.
endure',
v.
elevated,
gbiyandiu,
ele'ven,jiMi.
okaqla, mokagla.
en'emy,
n.
9ta,
a.
aburo.
gaijgaij, i&jj.
gai)gai), 6r6.
fii).
k6 kpe.
yakpa.
lesi, ele^i.
afiij,
ibuke
err,
v.
sltia, siie,
ema'ciate,
ru.
v.
mu
ru, so
er'rand,
er'ror,
n.
ise.
enig'ma,
.
. .
n.
ab.
the
erro'neous,
n.
a.
sil.
er'rorist,
sisi.
n.
al4dam6,
oiii),
world, diaiye.
embel'lish,
t.
fiq.
enlarge',
v.
t|,
so
. .
digboro.
escape',
v.
diab6, dial^,
Isi.
ESC
escape',
escort',
V.
v.
105
adiala,
FAR
extra'vagant,
kpasia.
n.
adiabS,
excess',
kpar9.
n.
a^cdiu.
v.
alasedin,
exchange',
.
kpar9,
asedzu.
espouse',
.
fe
v.
fu, fe
. .
siona.
excite',
v.
ro.
estab'lish,
. .
di elese
.
mul, di
. . .
kale,
fi
. .
mul&, gbe
a.
kale,
excite'ment, n. exclude, v. ti
.
exult',
.
v.
sogo.
sode.
v.
kale.
excommu'nicate,
di elese mul&,
ko
. .
eye, eye,
n.
odzd.
estab'lished,
fi
or
sile.
ese mills.
.
.
.
excuse', v. se gafara, wawi. excuse', n. ariwi, awawi, iwavvi. eye'lash, m. ikper)kpedzu. eye'lid, n. ikpeijkpedzu. ex'ecute, v. se. n. n. olu, eye'-servant, execu'tioner, odzulafeni, akpani,
olukpani, 9l9dza, dza, tetu.
kpa,
n.
biifii), ibafirj,
9ta9l9-
rere odzu.
eu'nuch,
okobo.
iwefa,
eye'-service,
n.
ifodzufe.
eleri,
euphor'bia, n. eva'cuate, v.
e'ven, adv.
. . .
oro.
exer'tion, n. exhi'bit, v.
idaijrawo.
fi
. . .
eye '-witness,
n.
odzuri.
haij.
ani,
gege, maso, bi
tile, til5.
irale.
exhibi'tion, n. afihaq. exhort', v. gba niyaijdzu. exhorta'tion, n. iyaqdzu. exist', V. mbS, wa. exist'ence, n. iwa.
. . .
F.
daf6.
fa'bricate,
v.
expand',
expect',
reti.
v.
tegbeqgbe.
daba,
n.
V.
everlast'ing,
a.
ainikpekuq,
adv.
aiycraiye, alyetitilai.
expecta'tion,
ataiye-
aba,
everlast'ingly,
raiye.
sona.
aba, afodzusona.
n.
fade,
V.
kpare,
a.
isi.
e'very, pron.
oli'ikulilku.
dede,
fa'ding,
fail, V.
a.
da
n.
sa,
da
se,
deti,
ni-
expen'ses, n. expe'rience,
explain',
v.
adzina.
n.
iriri, ini5.
ka, saki,
ti,
tu.
fail'ure,
alaise,
abati,
adaoki
mahlese, asekuij,
yiye.
V.
eti, ideti,
e'vidently,
nigbaijgba.
adv.
dadzudadiu, explain'er,
awiye.
n.
alawiye.
n.
explana'tion,
v.
dakii.
e'vil, n.
e'vil, a.
ibi, tulasii).
(weather),
n.
m6
(action),
burn, bubiiru.
isorai;.
e'vil-do'er, n.
tu.
fai'ry,
adia, ar9ni,
91-5.
faith, n.
faith'ful,
faith'less,
gbilS,
igbagb9.
a.
expound',
sodi.
v.
tu imS, s6 iturao,
aloto.
n. otito.
faith 'fulness,
n.
v.
exact'ly, adv.
exag'gerate, exag'gerater,
doi), oib.
express', extend',
na.
asiijgba.
a.
alalgbagb9.
to fall
gbale,
w.
k&,
fal'con,
fall, V.
n.
asa.
:
alas9doq.
subu, b9]
;
upon,
ex agger a'tion,m.
exalt',
leke.
V.
gbe
a.
v.
n.
v.
ariwi, iwawi.
wo.
false,
a.
exter'minate,
gbigbe leko, 9ga.
t6se, wadi.
n.
v.
kpa
. .
rurj.
eke,
n.
li
eke.
iro,
exalt'ed,
exter'nal,
kparug.
extol',
yii)
. . .
a.
ode.
v.
exa'mine,
exam 'pie,
ex'cavate,
exceed',
excel',
kaq.
V.
V. v.
extin'guish,
V.
kpa,
abuso, eke.
ascleke.
akpere.
fame,
gbe
. . .
n.
okiki.
n. n.
v.
w6.
se diil.
fa.
leke,
kokiki,
diij,
logo.
V.
exceedingly,
except', except',
14
fi
.
adv.
extort',
bori.
.
arale, orilB.
iyaq.
febikpa.
olokikj, oloruko.
fa'mous,
fan,
far,
a.
le
or
si
akpa- extor'tioner,
n.
i'k
. .
alonilowogba. fan, n.
.
extract',
conj.
afi,
v.
yo, yarj.
n.
afibi,
ayaij-
extra'vagance,
na.
inaku-
scbi, bikose,
bikosekpc.
tiaij.
FAR
fare 'well,
farcivell,
106
:
FOA
first, a.
n.
idagberc
to
bid
fes'ter,
v.
gbinikoij,
n.
da gbere.
gari.
fes'tival,
adzo
.
odui).
first, adv.
lekaq,
lerikai),
tcte,
fari'na, n.
fetch,
V.
mu
n.
wah.
ilolo.
tetek9.
farm,
fajrm,
n.
v.
oko.
fe'tidness,
fet'ter, n.
first'bom, n.
tebi.
roko.
n.
adzae, sekesekei,
iba.
farm'er,
fash'ion,
ise, oro.
farm'-house,
w.
fe'ver,
fe"W,
fib, n.
fib, V.
a.
n.
first 'fruits, n.
fish,
V.
akoso.
fish, n.
kpuro.
a. yi.
fast, n.
awe.
fi'brous,
fid'dle, n.
fish'ermaji, n. fish'hook, n.
fist, n.
fit, a. fit, V.
akpedza.
\v/o.
fic'tion, n.
fid'dler, n.
field, n.
idaso.
ikuku.
ye.
duni.
fast'en,
fat, n.
fat, a.
v.
dimo,
alawo.
tl.
ohiduru.
ba
. . .
bade, muba.
fast'er, n.
oi-a.
adzuba.
as6.
n.
fit'ly, adv.
gbako.
abade,
eye,
ibade,
fierce,
:
a.
fit'ness, n.
oro.
nu7>i.
saijra
n.
to
grow
fat, sebo.
fierce'ness,
fi'ery,
fife, n.
a.
fa'ther,
11 i
baba, oba.
a,
munfi, oiiina.
fere.
five,
arui).
fa'therless,
baba.
V.
alainibaba, ko-
flag, n.
4sia, 9kpagiiq.
iforifo.
fi'fer, .
afoijfere.
flake,
n.
n.
fatigue',
fatigue',
fat'ness,
fat'ted,
kpa
laie.
n.
a.
are, ikoqra.
flame,
flash,
flat, a.
al6,
flaxinel, n.
V.
9w6-ina. kubusu.
fatigued',
n.
a.
gasa. ork.
da, k9.
abokpa.
ebi, isise. a.
ef.
fifty, num.
fig'-tree, n.
9dai).
adota.
aba,
fele,
kpelebe.
n.
fault,
n.
asofeiyedze,
flat'ness,
flat'ten,
ate.
te.
fault'finding,
fault'less,
a.
v. v.
aisS.
fight,
V.
dkk.
idza.
flat'ter,
kpoi).
alasodoi),
fa'vor,
fa'vor,
fear,
ya.
n.
n.
V.
odzureve.
selorc, sodzurere.
fight, n.
file, n.
fill, V.
.
flat'terer, n.
yiitjgba. n.
akuij-
fight'er, n.
adza.
fa'vorably, adv.
lodznrere.
ayuq.
flat'tery,
fi
.
as9d9i),
ekp6r),
bu
k6i),
kor),
mu
bki.
koi).
flaAW, n.
asemi.
semi, soijmi.
egurii),
egbii), eri, erii),
idadzi.
a.
io.
fear,
v.
sd.
fil'ter, n.
fla'vor,
flay,
V.
didoi).
fear'ful,
fear'less,
n.
V.
eru, aleru.
fil'ter, V.
fear'fulness,
a.
filth, n.
egbii).
flea, n.
egb9i), imure.
a.
fledged,
eleri.
guijye.
. . .
fear'lessness,
feast, feast,
sase,
n.
a.
aiberu.
filth'iness, n.
filth'y, a.
fin, n.
flee,
V.
8a, sal6h, ri
sa.
flee'ing,
n.
asala.
adzo oixu).
lebe.
asetai).
flesh, n.
erai).
fea'ther,
iye.
fi'nal, a.
flesh 'y,
a.
alara.
a.
fea'thered, fea'thery, a.
fee'ble,
a.
guijye, abiye.
fi'nally, adv.
find, V.
ba,
n.
ri.
akotai), lakotajj.
fliek'ering,
flight, n.
float,
V.
sembe.
liii,
abiye. kolera.
find'ing,
fine, V.
atiri.
gba.
feed, feed,
. . .
n.
V.
idze.
ta.
felefele,
flock,
kuna, we.
n.
V.
b9
to
lara.
flock,
flog,
V.
wo.
ua.
isai),
iwe.
the little finder,
feed'er, n.
feel,
V.
olubo.
ika.:
flood, n.
flour,
n.
kikoij omi.
;
fovvoba.
n.
yam-flour, elnbo
V.
wheat-
fel'lOAVShip,
fe'lon, n.
idakp5.
fi'nish,
kpari.
a. n.
taij.
flour, iyefui).
akadai).
n.
fi'nished,
:
flou'rish,
flo"W,
V.
fe'male,
fence, fence,
n.
v.
abo
female
of fi'riisher,
fire, n. fire,
I',
olukpari.
soij,
beasts, obi.
ina.
flOAv'er, n.
eda, itana.
sisaq.
ak6gba, ogba.
tinabo.
floAv'ing, n.
flu'ent,
flute, n.
fly, n. fly,
V.
kogba.
v.
fire'fly, .
imunamuna.
n.
a.
danu.
fere.
ferment',
bo. asoro.
firm,
a.
aiyi, alaiyi.
fero'cious,
a.
fir'mament,
firm'ly, adv.
ofurufu.
esiijsii].
fer'ryman,
fer'vent,
a.
n.
oloko.
giri, girigiri.
fo.
V.
gbona.
firm'ness,
n.
foam,
ho.
FOA
foam,
n.
a.
107
forget'ter,
n.
v.
GAT
fi...
fofo.
onigbagbe.
dari...dii,
n.
foam'y,
fod'der,
foe, n.
okai).
n.
V.
kputu, olofofo.
forgive',
dzi.
fright'en, v. ba da giri, da
.
Icru, deruba,
nidzi,
daiyafo,
n.
haha.
:
mu
afidzi,
beru, dii.
a.
ota
a deadly
foe,
ota-
forgive'ness,
fork,
n.
idari-
fright'ened,
frog, n.
didzi.
iwe, okpolo.
ati,
ti, ti,
fog,
fold,
kuruku, owusuwusn.
ka, we.
V. t6,
t()
.
aglindze
fork of a
tree,
from,
iiiti,
prep,
nititi,
ba,
kuro
ninfi,
fol'lo-w,
.
. .
leliiq,
to
loll,
ya akaso. makalu.
ti
front,
iwadzu.
n. . fe,
fron'tier,
ateteba.
liir),
kaloh, gbeliii),
n. n.
fol'loAver,
omo-ehir).
atele.
front'ing,
iadiu.
ikodzusi.
frown,
fruit,
re.
v.
fedzd.
fol'loAving,
iiisadiu.
n.
eso.
folly,
food,
n.
V.
for'mer rains,
for'nicate,
v.
ak6r6.
fruit'ful, a.
a.
aleso, eleso.
fon'dle,
n.
sado, sagbere.
n.
fruit'fully, adv.
dzigbini.
fe-
fomica'tion,
for'nicator,
v.
.
agbere.
asado, asagbere.
fruitless,
fry,
V.
. .
.
aileso.
n.
fi
fool, n.
fool,
V.
mu
a.
fool'ish,
le,
fi
sile,
.
fulfil', V.
mu
se.
keliiijdasi,
se
ke-
fulfil'led, a.
se.
re.
hii)da.
fulfil'ment,
full, o.
afose, ase.
akebiqdasi. were, se iwere. forsa'ker, n. (be), foolishly, adv. botiboti, dze- forsa'king, . okehiijda. se iwere, rederede, forth, adv. dzade, loh.
V.
foolish
koi), yo.
ful'ly, adv.
toto.
ekoi), ik9i).
gbedzegbe,
11.
ful'ness, n.
waijraijwaijrai).
fortifica'tion, n.
for'tified, a.
V.
odi, agbara.
fun'nel,
fu'rious,
re.
ero.
foot,
ese.
n.
olodi.
a.
soro.
fbot'race,
asadidie.
ikpase.
akpoti-itise, itise.
for'tify,
sagbaraka.
adie, orobo, s41uga.
o'godzi, odzi.
fiir'nace,
. n.
foot'step, n. foot'stool, n.
fop,
n.
for'tune,
n.
for'ty, num.
furniture, fur'row, n.
fu'ture, fu'ture,
ola.
re.
gegele.
ehii) pla.
oge.
b4, de,
fi,
for'"ward, adv.
fu,
siwa, siwadiu.
for, prep.
nikpo,
for'"ward,
a.
sadzu, asadzu.
a.
re.
ola, ti
mb6.
ti
fos'ter-ehild, n.
agbab9.
n.
futu'rity,
igba
mb5, odio
for, covj.
fos'ter-pa'rent,
foul,
a.
obo.
forasmuch',
forbear',
forbid',
lose, so
v.
adv.
bi 6
ti
se kpe.
eleri, kikar).
. .
.
dekuij.
V.
. . .
da
le.
. .
lekuq,
da
found, v. so founda'tion,
itele.
le.
n.
ikpilS, ikpil|^e,
a
ga'ble,
k9bl.
re.
lofii).
force, force,
V.
foun'tain,
kpati.
n.
ekule,
iku,
ikille,
n.
ele.
for'cible,
a.
for'cibly, adv.
kpatikpati.
gad'fly,
re.
iru.
ifa,
gain,
gain,
re.
ere,
iwadze
dis-
fore 'finger,
for'eign,
imotele.
n.
w.
imoguqdiuo.
n.
fourth, num.
fra'gile,
a.
kerii), ekeriij.
adiedzi.
elege.
ete, elsi, erfii).
forekno'W 'ledge,
fore'most, forerun'ner,
foresee',
v.
amatele,
^adiu.
prize), lako.
adSi).
aladcii).
gain'say,
gait,
gall,
re.
re.
sb odi
si.
a.
akokaq,
n.
ri
.
.
ti
er6, ire.
asadzu.
.
fVaud,
free, free,
a.
V.
n.
irenidze.
fa, onira.
ororo, idakpa.
t'.
tele.
. . .
gal'lop, gal'lop,
dogiri.
oglri.
v.
fi
liaq tele.
da
nide.
ilara, inira.
fa,
re.
n.
iwoye.
tele.
free'dom,
free'ly,
n.
egai), igbo.
axlv.
tokaqtokaij.
foretell',
wi
free'man,
freeze,
v.
alara,
omnira.
foretel'ler, n.
alabalase.
stli).
o\\6.
efo.
yai).
n.
4gbala, 9gbi\.
fresh'et,
fe,
n.
arukoi), ikoqdo.
forget',
V.
gbagbe.
a.
fWend,
agbe,
igba-
n.
gar'ment,
gar'nish,
gate,
n.
abora
so
loose f/ar-
forget'ful,
kuyo, okuye.
n.
ftiend'ly, adv.
firiend'ship,
re.
b4
re, re.
'
forget'fulness,
gbe.
ibare, ire.
1930.
fright,
n.
GAT
ga'ther,
v.
108
koro,
sd,
GUE
grate'ftd,
gra'tis,
n. a.
ka,
ko,
glo'rious,
glo'ry,
glo'ry,
71.
a.
ologo.
more.
9fe.
wodzokpo, sumo.
og6.
^ogo.
ibovvo.
ga'thered, n. ga'thering, n.
rcii.
V.
71.
gra'titude,
n. n.
imorc.
9fe.
ikodzo, iwodio.
glove,
glovr,
gauze, n. gaze, V.
geld,
V.
ogboi).
V.
gbina, kB.
n.
gratuity, grave, n.
gra'vel,
n.
ibodii,
ilekpa,
isa,
tediu, tedinrao.
t.
glut'ton,
odzehui).
.
odzuori, kpansa-il8.
tara.
glut'tony,
n.
iwobia.
genealogy,
ge'neral,
kaijfo.
n.
atiraqdiraij,
gnash,
gnat,
71.
V.
kpaliii)keke.
motiitioti, kaijtikaijti.
atoniod9ino, irandirap.
arekakai)fo,
gray, a. grease, v.
great,
a.
;
ewfi, 9ye.
fi
ora kpa.
ka-
gna-w,
go,
V.
V.
ti.
:
16h, re
to
go out, diade
;
great'er, adv.
ikpSdiii.
generalis'simo, n. are. go up, goke, gori go i, wolc, greatly, adv. dzodz9, se, suiu. v. lu\. vv5no. bi, great'ness, k. dnruduru, inila, ge'nerate, riI4nla. n. ake, ekiri, ewure, oniko. atiraqdiraij, goat,n. genera'tion, God, n. Oloruri, Olodiimarc. gree'diness, n. iwora, odiunlA, atomodomo, irai]. wobia. god'head, 7i. iwa-olorui). gen'tile, n. kefcii. a. roi'a. n. biolorui). gree'dy, a. oniw9ra. gen'tle, godlike, ogero, rodzn, green, a. k9ku, tutu. gen'tleman, n. alagba. god'liness, n. iwabiobnii). greens, n. ef9. gen'tleness, n. 5ro, 5so, kpese- gold, n. wura. greet, v. ki. gone, V. rem, loh. kpese. n. atosi. adv. greet'ing, . ikini, kiki. diediedio, kele, gonorrhea, gen'tly, kelekele, kpele, kpokpe, kpere, good, a. dara, re, siap, snai), grief, n. arokaij, edSi), ibadie,
kpese.
seni).
irobin9die.
.
get,
V.
die.
w. n.
n.
ghost,
gi'ant,
or6, iwii).
oniiraij.
. nin6die, bi good, 71. idara. grieve, v. ba lanu. n. kanu, kpa nin9,daro akiI6h, agbere. good-bye', good'ly, adv. daradara, re, rere. grieved, a. binodie.
. . . .
.
gib'bet,
gift, n.
6re.
V.
alore.
n. oyi.
good-mom'ing,
oro.
n.
adzire, aku-
grin,
V.
fehii).
16,
gid'diness,
grind,
n.
v.
wg.
good'ness,
grind'er,
n.
groan,
gross,
v.
gild,
sub5.
goods,
n.
eru.
groan 'ing,
a.
v.
irora.
gilding,
n.
n. n.
asub6.
ilu.
gimlet,
gin'ger,
gird,
. . .
seb9.
guijle, taq.
il6.
dzimidzimi. grovmd,
atale.
ihii)
rere.
ground,
n.
V.
damuro, di hamora,
gomrd,
called
71.
:
alnidi.
lamure,
. . .
gba
lodza,
sai),
n.
ekpa.
ha
m6ra.
n.
n.
gird'ed,
gir'dle,
girl, n.
agbadia.
agbadza,
gout,
amure,
M.
group, grove,
?i.
y9y9.
abusi, osu^u
:
n.
a sacred
to
go'vem,
m.
dzoye, sakoso.
n.
igbadza, lawani.
go'vernor,
grace, madiewc, gra'cious,
rere.
fi
. . .
bale.
ikpai)koro-omo, omobiri.
n.
odzurere, oreofe.
a.
girth,
9dia.
madzere,
h^, bui),
give,
fi
.
V.
da,
fu,
glad,
V.
yd.
v.
glad 'den,
mu
y5.
dzigi, diidiii).
fofo.
grain, n. woro. grum'bler, n. skoT)s\n6. grand'child, n. omolodiu. gnun'bling, n. aroye, ikoi)sin6. ba- grunt, V. n. kui). babala, grand'father, baiila. guard, n. cio. grand'mother,re. iyala, iyanli. guard, V. 80. grape'-vine, . molewu. guar'dian, n. olut9diu. V. di kaw6. guar'dianship, n. idele. nibo, dvl, grasp, grass, 71. ikoriko, koriko, ogbu- guess, . amodia.
.
.
kuduru.
tatii.
. . .
gbu.
guess,
n.
V.
se amddia,
damSdza,
akpedie,
gloomily,
glo'rify,
logo.
V.
adiK
grass'hopper,
yli)
.
. .
alatamkpoko,
mamodza.
guest,
.
da
logo,
ega, eleijga.
abanidze,
grass'-nut,
n.
iniomo, omu.
alakpedie.
GUI
gui'danee, n. afiliaij. guide, V. se amSna, fdnahar),
tokui).
109
han'dle,
to
n.
HER
heal,
na.
V.
mudzi-
ckukui).
dzina,
a.
. . .
mu
larada,
wo
saij.
gnide,
kur).
hand'some, hang, V. fi
. . .
ha,
fi
ko, gbe
guile, .
n.
le,
yiye.
lera,
eletai).
hap'ly,
adv.
sesi.
onilera,
ailetaij.
ere, ebi.
guiltiness, n. guiltless, a.
guil'ty,
a.
idiebi, elebi.
ailebi.
sii).
^e.
yo
lemi.
kiri-
n.
V. v.
gbohnij, gbo
hear
hear
dzebi,
hard,
a.
dakpara,
le.
kikui),
gui'nea-eom, m.
nea-corn,
corn,
kpa, ko,
gburo, gborai).
a]afetigb6.
n.
v.
baba;
n. n.
hard'en,
...16.
v.
mu
n.
bomo.
sobia.
hear'ing,
elc, okikiriij, eki-
gbigbo, igbo.
deti, detisile, feti,
gui'nea-fo^vl,
hard'ness,
rikpa, oro.
heark'en,
gboti.
gui'nea-wonn
gully,
n.
ere.
hark,
v.
gb6.
n.
gum,
n.
odiia.
erigi.
iboi). n.
har'lot,
kpansaga.
tulasii), aliisii).
gvims,
gvin, .
n.
harm,
n.
n.
awigbo.
firo.
aiya, okaij.
harmat'tan,
ok6 iboq.
etu.
n.
oye.
.
heart'ily, adv.
aha- heart'--wood, n.
tinotinp, tokaq-
gun'-lock,
I).
har'ness,
v.
ha
(in
. .
ni6ra.
har'nessed
armor),
akudiij.
mora, atamora.
tuf9i).
gut'ter,
w.
odzu-agbara.
fi V. harp, n. duru. gbona. heated, n. arifi. harp'er, n. oludura. harsh, a. dzagai), kano, r5ro. heathen, n. iworo, keferi. adv. ramu- hea'ven, n. oke oriir), orui). harsh'ly, ramram, ramn. hea'vily, adv. tl, koti. harVest, n. ikodzo-oko, ikore. hea'vy, a. wuwo.
.
heat, heat,
n.
eruri,
. .
gbigbona, oru.
H.
ha'bit,
n.
ise, aia.
harvest,
has,
V.
ti.
v.
kore.
hedge, n.
heed, v. height,
heir,
n,
hedgehog,
itara, iwara. n.
oya.
hash,
n.
9b5.
ho, se iwara, kaqdzu,
n.
gbo.
aga, iga, giga, oke
aroie
:
habita'tion,
n.
ibudioko.
hack, had, V.
V.
sa.
ti.
haste, n. has'ten, v.
heir
ha'des,
hail, .
n.
ikpo-oku, orui).
yiijyij), nini.
has'tener,
tara.
ikaijdzu.
|wo, wowe,
iroi).
has'tily, adv.
hair,
n.
helms'man,
akata, akete, ate
:
n.
?iiq\o.
hairless,
hair'-pin,
m.
.
alliroq.
ikoti.
hat,
n.
a rain help,
hat, agbedzi.
n.
halr'y,
half,
M.
a.
hatch,
V.
kpa.
help, V.
rai),
gba
n.
hall, n.
halo,
halt,
n.
rar)l9W9.
help'er,
irira.
basc,
araijse,
alaraijse,
ardijnilowo,
olu-
V.
elegba, olugbani,
eru.
iseti.
hal'ter, n.
ham,
n.
ita^.
hamlet, n. ham'mer, n.
owu, iyawu.
ereko.
rai)16w9.
helve,
n.
mataka,
lu
fi
omo- haz'ard,
he, pron.
lu,
n.
a,
idase.
i,
hem, hem,
n.
V.
se
Icti.
6, o, oi), oij.
he'morrhage,
hen, n. hence,
adv.
n.
9gbe
in6.
ham'mer,
kar).
v.
mfitaka
agbebo.
nibi,
nibiyi, iiihiij,
li
ogode-
iiihiijyi.
n.
ibuatelewo.
hence'forth,ac?f.
ati
isisiyi-
ik6i)w6.
n.
head'longness,w.
gele,
ogcdemgbe,
16h.
hand'kerehief,
inS-
oijedegbo.
head'-man,
n.
olori.
a, e, e,
ilari.
f,
re.
HER
herb,
efo. n.
110
a.
IMP
hurt,
n.
ibi,
ewe,
m6.
n.
v.
ile.
ikpalara.
hom'age, hom'age,
nibi, nibiyi, ni-
ihari.
bari, wari.^
home,
M.
hereafter,
he'resy,
n. n.
adv.
home'bred, ho'miny, n.
n.
ibile.
ago.
egbo.
he'retic, here'tical,
aladamS.
a.
hye'na, n. hy'pocrite,
afiuoseliir),
koriko, ikoriko.
n.
afinosadzere,
afinosode,
agaba-
damo, adamS.
li,
ho'ney-comb, n.
ho'nor, ho'nor,
sola.
n.
v.
afara oyii).
gebe.
nidzelo.
ibuyii), ola,
owo.
bi\yii),
ho\k,
bSwo,
niyiq,
siyemedii.
I.
a.
he"W, V. ke, kegi. he'w'er, n. akegi. hibis'cus, n. isakpa. hie 'cough, n. sikisiki, siksik. hid (be), V. lilmo, kpamo. hid'den, a. ikoko. hide, V. ba, ri, kpain6, sakpain6. hide, n. awo, bata. hid'ing, n. iba. high, a. ga, gele.
ho'norable,
ol9la.
ologo,
I, prvii.
eiiii,
i).
hoof,
71. 71.
bata, kpatako.
iden'tity, n.
i'dleness,
i'dol, n.
n.
hook,
amu
tailor's hook,
ainurai), anigogai).
orisa.
idol'ater, n.
risa,
ireti.
ifj
abogibokpe, abobi
. . .
olori^a, iworo.
bi,
:
n.
V.
aba, igbekcle,
reti,
conj.
tile,
iba,
;
k6-
tamaba.
various kinds
ira.
sekpe
sible,
as
if,
bienikpe
if pos-
n.
n.
iwo, owo.
esii)
;
bole^ebi, bolcsekpc.
n.
horse,
agana, al4-
ig'norance,
okpe.
a.
aimoye,
aimd,
horse'man,
ko, kole.
hill, n.
w. ig'norant, elesiij. igua'na, )*. horse'Avhip, n. lagba. hot, a. gbona very hot, bobo, illi'terate,
:
aimoye, alaimS.
iwoDW9q.
a. a.
alaim9we.
hilt, n.
dzaijdzai).
ill-na'tured,
arifi.
okunno, osono.
him; pron.
OI).
6, 6, u, oi),
hot'ness, hour, m.
n.
iU'ness,
n.
okuijroi).
ere.
^Yakati.
ile.
ra.
i'mage,
sata.
n.
v.
house,
n.
i'mitate,
sindie.
house 'hold,
,
hin'derance,
n.
idena, ikose.
ehiq.
hindmost,
hint, hint, . hint'er,
V.
a.
ho'ver, v. ra, radobo. hoAV, adv. bawo, bibawo, li, biti how many? kelo? melo?
kai),
kiyai),
lesekai)n4, lodzu-
kaijiia,
odzukaijna, logai).
v.
.
.
ho"we'ver,
hoAvl, hoAvl,
n.
V.
adv.
lakise.
immerse',
bpmi, t|
.
olob6.
ikokard, mahuru.
. .
hip, m.
hire, hire,
v.
ibadi: hip-joint,]gha,T6ko.
k6kar^.
. .
.
hippopo'tamus, M.
gba
oya.
v.
. . .
cni)mi,ose.
wo.
mora,
igai)gai).
aitidzu.
alaiku.
n.
. .
aikii.
f(i.
n.
hum,
alagba^e, alagbaro.
V.
kor),
kug.
bienia.
hired',
agbawft.
n.
r6, tere, tire.
111.
hu'manly,
adv.
impart', impartial'ity, .
dzusadzii.
. .
.
alsegbe, aiso-
hire'lihg,
his, jjron.
hit, n.
hit,
v.
ih&,
111.
re
16.
re
sil6.
hith'er, adv.
ihii).
hump,
n.
ike.
hunch'back,
ike.
bii), awoliii).
n.
abuke, atele-
impa'tience, n. iwara. impede', v. dina. imped'iment, n. adcna. impend', v. wii. abeiyami, importu'nity, n.
awiyanu.
hoe, n. ok 6, 4kegni) oko, aketor). hoe, V. ro, k6. hog, n. elede. hold, V. dimu, gba, md.
hun'dred, num. ogorfiq, oruq. hun'ger, n. ebl. hun'ger, v. lebi, ebi kpa. hun'gry, a. alaiyo. hold'fast, n. adimii. hunt, V. de, degbe. hole, n. alafo, iho, ioto. hun'ter, n. ode. ho'llness, n. mimo, iwa mimo. hur'ry, v. sc iwara, ^ira.
hol'lovr, hol'lOAW,
a.
J),
imposi'tion, n. impossibil'ity,
a.
ayaijdze.
n.
alaise.
aise.
wo.
t'fb,
iwo.
hur'ry, hurt, V.
n.
itara.
fiirakp4,
kpa
lara.
IMP
im'pudent,
.liu.
v.
111
infec'tion,
infec'tious,
infe'rior,
nio,
fi
.
IRO
in'stant,
n.
re.
erai).
ogai).
logai).
a.
n. a.
instead',
^re/i.
re.
nikpo.
elcgbe. ed^.
mo, in'finite,
infirm',
ainikpekui).
alailera, kolera, ke-
ka
si.
fi,
a.
in, prep,
sara,.ti.
li,
rede, elekerede.
instruct',
ona.
v.
ko.
n.
ele,
inability,
inac'tion,
n. n.
ideti.
take.
n.
ailcia.
in'strument,
olmi)
instrumental'ity,
imuba.
re.
ainuba,
ina'dequate, a. 'aito. inatten'tion, n. aikiyesi. inatten'tive, a. modzukuro. in'eense, 71. turari. inces'sant, a. aisimi: incessant
talking, awiidake.
olohuij. akotdi).
informed',
ingraft',
v.
v.
le, 16.
aito.
irukerudo.
iwatito.
in'tellect, n.
imoye, oye.
a.
intel'llgent,
da,
amoye,
incline',
v.
fi.
inhabit,
aisetai).
v.
ted6.
n.
moye,
agbe,
ardilS,
iiiyano.
a.
inha'bitant,
arailii.
intel'ligible,
iyeni.
aiye.
aiio.
inhe'rit,
n.
gbaguq,
n.
intend',
v.
aidibadze,
kogiii), role.
inhe'ritance,
v.
intention,
in'terest,
inte'rior,
inisi.
re.
re.
etc.
elo, ere,
increase',
gbiljL', re,
bisi,
. .
kposi, gbal6,
inhe'rltor,
re.
odzoguij.
aisenia.
n.
edA.
so
n.
kj)ikp9, wu.
ibisi,
inhu'man,
ini'quity,
a.
re.
ino.
v.
in'crease,
koi).
abisi,
asoq-
inhumi'lity,
re.
airele.
intermed'dle,
intermin'gle,
inter'pret,
v.
da
si,
fe-
gse.
inere'dulous, a. kose igbagb6. ini'tiated, a. egbeii. in'eubate, v. saba. in'jure, v. ba.. .die. indeed', adv. g^sa, se, tabi. in'jurer, n. abanidie. in 'jury, re. ibadze. independ'enoe, n. aisiij.
in'dieate,
v.
fi
. .
.
v.
da
kp5.
inter 'preter,
re.
agbedegbeyo:
haij.
injus'tice,
re.
indifference, n. aikiyesi. ink, 11. tard4 indifferent, n. alaikiyesi. in'mate, re. abanigbele. indifferently, adv. tai, taitai. inn, re. ilo ero. indig'nant, a. ruuo. in'noeence, re. aidzebi,
:
interjjreter of dreams, aiii&la. ai^Ododo, aisoto. red ink, anibua. inter'rogate, v. bi...lere, da
. . .
lebi, sB.
interrogation,
ailese.
alai-
n.
ebi, ere.
intes'tines,
re.
ifoij,
owere.
. .
.
indigna'tion,
in'digo,
n.
n.
iruno, ibiii6.
in'nocent,
lose.
a.
aise, ailese,
inti'midate,
v.
da
lodio,
elu.
kpa
v.
lodzo.
nin6, sin6.
v.
indirect'ly, adv.
koikoi.
a.
innu'merable,
idaru- inquire',
. .
.
indiscriminate,
dakpo.
in'to, prep.
fi
introduce',
sa,
da
siJe,
d&
lo, sB.
mil
wo.
id.
aroij,
indis'putableness,
yaij.
n.
aidzi-
inqui'ry,
n.
ibere.
re.
intrust',
ayaq.
v.
in'valid,
n.
abiroij,
olo-
kur9i), alabukui).
ewi, gberegbere.
invent',
rag,
isi.
v.
bu
w.
o,
da
sile.
kokoro.
b5.
ino, nino.
inven'tion,
invent'or,
invert',
oku.
v.
abuso,
idamo-
indulge',
v.
ke, ye.
in'side,
onise,
aiso-
n.
a.
n.
adisi, onisi.
indulg'ence, n. indus'trious, a.
nicle.
eke, ike.
insi'pid,
insist',
V.
obu,
re.
te.
dodzude.
alo.
v.
insipid 'ity,
in'solence,
ate,
kirirao, rS.
invert'ed, v. inves'tigate,
. . .
be
wo,
fi
in'dustry,
inele.
n.
aiseinele,
ai^i-
n.
afodzfidi.
I9, 16
wadzo.
re.
inexcu'sable,
riwi.
a.
alriwi,
alal-
inves'tigator,
v.
re.
inexpres'sible,
ailekpa.
a.
ailewi.
a.
inspect',
be
re.
wo, woyc.
iniisi.
idi.
inextinguishable,
in'fant,
infect',
n.
V.
aikpa, inspect'or,
awoye.
w.
invisibil'ity,
w.
airi.
inspira'tion,
oino-ow6.
rai).
amisi,
si.
invita'tion,
i'ron,
re.
re. re.
ikpedze.
inspire',
v.
mi
re.
irascibil'ity,
iriij.
edo
fofo.
instal'ment,
adawiij.
IRO
ironically, adv.
nically, rai) 3kp9i)
to
112
speak
iro-
LEA
lade,
V.
K.
kaAV,
V.
lioi).
kp5i).
si, rai)
ikpo.
la'dle, n.
igbak9.
adaguij.
lake,
siij.
n.
waqraqwaij-
keen,
a.
inu.
keenly,
sonasi.
n.
adv.
irrita'tion, n.
island,
it,
adad6,idaclo,eroku^ii,
is'sue, n.
amiiwah.
k,
a,
e, e,
i,
i,
olut9diu.
9in9.
pron.
01), r5.
6, 6, oij,
ker'nel,
lamb, n. 9d9 agutai). lam'bent, a. geregere. lame, a. am9kuq. lame, v. mokuij. lame'ness, n. imokuij. lament', v. kpoijiere.
key,
toe-itch,
n.
kokor9, sika.
lamp,
lance,
y4r),
n.
fatila, fitila.
itch, itch,
n.
t'.
eyoq, keyoij.
yoi).
i'vory,
n.
ike.
lamp'-filler,
n.
n.
ero, kolobo.
oko.
abe.
lan'cet, n.
nitete.
land,
al4bamole, la-
V.
gui),
kid'napper,
J.
bamole.
n.
landing,
n. n.
guqlB. obute.
bale.
land'lord,
n.
kid'ney,
jack'al, jack'et,
jail, n.
M. .
iwe.
lan'guage,
large, a.
nla
:
n.
ede.
adza-oko.
alukasafa.
kill,
V.
tubu.
JEiirer, w.
onitubu.
csu.
kind, kind,
a.
seuq.
n.
jas'per,
n. n.
kin'dle,
nabo.
ereko, kpai-i.
lasci'viousness,
last,
last,
V.
wobia.
ja'velin,
oko.
m.
kpo, kpe.
ehii),
jaw '-bone,
jeal'ous, a. dzowu, odzowu. jeal'ousy, n. ow<i, idzowu. jerk, V. dza. jerk'ed, . (TOca/), adiqgbc.
a.
kebiij,
keliii)
;
sehii):
king'dom,
kins'folk,
n. n. n.
ile
9ba.
aia, ibataq.
jerk'ing,
jest,
V.
n.
adzagadzigi.
set'e.
kins'man,
kiss,
v.
olutaq.
latch,
V.
liii,
ti.
^awada,
feiuiko.
n.
ile-asc.
jest,
n.
jesting,
job, job,
V.
kitch'en,
dzagba.
ab9se.
n.
.
late'ness,
lath,
V.
n.
igbehiij.
lath'er,
lat'ter,
ho, kputu.
iialc.
abosc.
lath'ing,
a.
n.
ikehiij, abikebiij.
j oint, n.
idai).
ike, orike
joint ofyrass,
knife,
knit,
V.
n.
oht^
knife, asoro.
joist, n.
eke.
wo
V.
I).
joke, n. awada, Bwa. jour'ney, v. radzo, robi. jour'ney, n. adzo, ebi. joy, n. ay&.
joy'ful,
a.
knock,
kai)-
cni).
rii), reiiij.
n.
erig.
kiii). 111.
idasile, ofiq.
layS, alayS.
knot, v. sokpa, takoko. la-w'giver, n. olofii). n. kolotii), ailofiq. okikirii). la-w'less, n. knot, isokpa, koko, la-w'yer, n. ainofiij. knoAV, V. mh.
judge, judge,
V.
ba
11.
widzo, dadzo.
n.
adadzo, oiiidadzo.
ibawi.
n.
kno^wledge, knuckle, .
koran',
n.
n.
iinfi,
imodzu.
lay,
to
V.
le,
fi
le, te,
gbe
;
ru
koko-9vvo.
lay down,
fi ...
lele
lay hands
ye, yiq.
judg'ing,
jug, n. jug'gle,
kurani, alkuiani.
on,
dawole
n.
lay
ole.
eytjs,
judg'ment,
orvl.
idadzo.
la'ziness,
V.
jump,
just,
a.
V.
lead,
la'bor,
la'bor,
n.
V.
v.
dari, fa,
n. n.
sii),
^e
amona, t6.
olot9, olotit9.
M.
ise. sise.
lead'er,
leaf, n.
leaf,
v.
at9kiii),
ito.
elegbe.
jus'tice,
ododo.
leading,
onise.
la'borer, n. labo'rious,
asise, onise.
.
ewe.
iinve.
a.
jus'tify,
V.
da
lare, dzaic.
lack, V. lad'der,
di, kill).
n.
akaso.
ailewe.
LEA
leak, V. lean, a. lean, v.
ti.
113
lily,.
different kinds are called,
MAG
loqua'ciousness,
yida.
n.
dio.
bente,
fehiqti,
ril.
fi
. .
ayida-
bologi, osumere.
.
ti,
r6, r9ino,
efuri,
tere
[fruit),
lord, n.
oluwa.
Obar)gidzi.
Lord,
lose,
n&.
n.
V.
li'mit, V. leap, V. so. sorokpiij. learn, v. ko, keka li'mit, n. arokpin. akodiu: learned lin'en, n. al4. learn'ed, a. man, alafa, imodzu. Un'ger, v. l9ra, rare. learn'er, n. akowe, eni ti i)ko. lin'guist, n. agbede, ogbufo.
dzunS, kpadanS, so
loss, n. lost, a.
lots, n.
learning,
lea'ther,
n.
n.
ik9, eko.
li'on,
n.
71.
keniii.
ete.
V.
loud,
a,
kikur).
loudly,
deti, deti sil|, feti.
adv.
leave,
leave
v.
off,
le,
fi
. .
sile
to
Us'ten,
kikurjkikuq,
saijwa,
dase, yakuro.
lea'ven, leech, n.
left, a.
n.
iwukara.
esusu.
osii).
leg, n.
itele, tete.
ramram, ramuramn, rara. in a. lit'tle, adv. die, kiflkifl, kiiiij, ye. louse, n. kere. lit'tle, a. lous'y, a. lina, olina. lit'tleness, n. kekeke, kekere. love, n. afe, ife. live, V. gbaiye, gbe, wa, walaye love, V. fe, kud9i).
lis'tener, n.
adetisile.
lei'sure,
n.
dile.
*'^;
.
lov'er,
n.
olufe.
lovlng-kind'ness,n.
lo"W,
a.
iseuqife.
bere.
V.
length, m. leo'pard,
ogidai). le'per, n.
iguij.
lo^w'er,
nh...
sile.
n.
ekug,
diakumo, living,
li'zard, n.
adete.
ete.
l|te, elSte.
asiki,
lep'rosy, . lep'rous, a.
les'sen,
v.
orobo.
luck'y,
lu'cre,
a.
akoseba.
erekere.
n.
load,
n.
V.
eru.
n.
load,
loai*, n.
ki, ni.
lug'gage,
erQ.
a.
]o,
luke'-warm,
w9r9woro.
wgvfo.
le'vel,
li'ar, n.
V.
i^ ... b|re.
n.
loafer,
gudu.
asaenia, dzegudura-
lukfe'-wrarmly, adv.
lowowo,
iloilo,
le^wd'ness,
ado.
eleko, okobo.
li 'berate, v.
da
sil|.
lick,
V.
fa
. . .
la, la.
:
lodio. lo'cate, V. so lock, n. agad%odo, aluse. lock, V. hk, ti to lock up, hd sino. m6, ti
.
.
luke'warmness,
W0W9.
.
n.
I9-
. .
lull, V. r6r9.
daker6r9,
n.
mu
isu.
ddke-
lid, n.
omori, ideri
lids
of a lo'cust, n.
igba.
esu:
locust
tree,
lump,
akodzo,
n.
a.
book, kpali.
lie, n.
lie, V. lie, V.
lu'naey,
V.
asiijwir).
lodge,
loft, .
wd.
n.
lu'natic,
bdio.
onisiqwiij.
lodging,
lung,
lust,
n.
n.
V.
folofolo.
adza.
gigagiga.
ifekufe.
fe
. . .
life, n.
aye.
loftily, adv.
log,
n. n.
V.
iti.
lust,
nifekufe.
lifeless,
lift, V,
a.
aiy6.
lus'tre,
diafara.
n.
idai).
gbe.
olugbe.
tana.
V.
loin,
egbe.
lus'trous,
a.
dzidia.
lift'er, n.
loi'ter,
lux'ury,
gb6ro.
n.
domdomaiye.
light,
long,
:
a.
giguri, gilij,
lye, n.
aro.
light,
n.
im6Ie.
liffht
long-suffering,
light'en,
v.
k6 manamana.
n.
M.
mad, a. bin6. ma'dam, n. nana. bino. mad'den, v. mu made, a. dida. mad'man, n. hana.
.
.
light'ness,
afere.
fidzuwo
to
look up,
n,
gbodzu-
light'ning,
lights,
like,
like,
a.
V.
v.
n.
manamand.
woke.
n.
folofolo.
looking-glass,
awodiidzi.
ba, dabi.
fe.
fi
.
loom,
loose,
n.
a.
a.
ofi.
li'ken,
. .
we.
loosed,
loos'en,
mag'got,
deredere.
.
n.
idiij.
like'ness, ewa.
15
n.
alugbor), aworaij,
loosely,
adv.
fa
a.
. .
ma'gistrate,
n.
nidu.
. . .
V.
tu, tu.
mag'nify,
v.
like'-wise, adv.
kpclu.
loos'ened,
gbe
n.
ga, kokiki,
so.
magnitude,
itobi.
Mx\I
maid,
n.
114
me, 2}ron. mi. mead, n. fura. mea'dow, n. kpakpa.
meal, n. meal'y,
ase.
a.
MOD
mid'way,
n.
ariij.
omodai).
niaid'en,ra.
omidar),olomueko.
n.
maimed,
maize,
n.
a.
maintain'er,
alabukQq-aror). olubo.
yaijgai).
agbado,
o\k.
megbe.
(person) adzadie.
dze, kperi.
n.
majesty, n. majority, n.
ikpodzu.
fi,
mean, mean,
n.
v.
satikpo.
mil'dew,
milk,
n.
n.
ebu.
make,
v,
da,
n.
mean'ing,
itumo.
wara.
ma'ker, male, n.
orufii).
eleda, onida.
malefao'tor,
means, n. amuba, imubd. milk, V. f9q wara. mea'sure, n. a8uw9i), iw6q, mill'stone, n. 9I0.
o&nvior).
odi.
mallet,
n.
maltreat',
v.
ogbogbo. ie .. nidzamba.
.
mam'mon,
n.
adie.
rbro.
mea'sure, v. w6i). meat, n. eraij, osese. mecha'nic, n. onis9na, ol9na. med'dle, v. da ... si, fi enu si. med'dler, n. afenusi, aladasi. me'diate, v. dzise. media'tion, n. adiise. me'diator, n. asenu. me'dicine, n. ogui). ie aro, se asaro, me'ditate, v.
dodzfikodo,
rono.
die. mi'mio, v. sig mince, v. h\i... ladiaij. mind, n. ewa, ino, iye.
. . .
da
16,
Ifi,
kpa
ming'ling, n. idakpo, ikpakpS. minute', a. ketiij, kiiii). mi'racle, n. He ase. mire, n. er^, kpetekpete, kp9t9kpot9, sata
:
hum5,
mero,
r6,
piff's
mire, af6.
mir'ror,
aro, asaro.
n.
digi,
awodiidii
alalfeni.
aifeni.
lari.
medita'tion, n. me'ditator, n.
aiaro.
tite,
mankind',
araiye, dnia.
biok9i)ri.
meek,
a.
onino
ten6.
mis'anthrope, n. misan'thropy, n.
n.
manly,
adv.
16na,
?i.
miscar'riage, dari di9, ko, miscar'ry, v. mis'chief, n. k98eba, kpa ... do.
. .
i-wk tutu.
.
isen9.
sen6.
ibaiyedie,
si
iwa-
meet'ing,
atiba, iba.
ibi,
iwa-ika.
v.
man 'tie,
n.
aboia.
mellow,
melt,
V.
a.
de.
miscount',
ka.
manure', n. iledu, iledudu. ma'nuscript, n. rubutu. ma'ny, a. kpo, okp6, kpikp6. die. mar, v. ba mare, n. abo esiq.
. . .
y6.
ara, akpa.
iye.
. . .
se, 89.
alat9ijse.
mark,
v.
ko, sami.
ase, awase.
da,
da
ruko,
misname',
v.
&i
kp6.
s6.
mer'chandise,
n.
6dia.
si fisi.
mar'ried, a. ok9laya, 9k9lobiri. mer'ehant, n. asowo. mar'ro"W, n. ni9dumodu, 9ra- mer'ciful, a. alanu. mer'ciless, a. ailanu. eguguq. v. fe, gbeyawo, soyigi. mer'cy, n. ami. mar'ry,
to
miss some-
kui).
mat,
n.
aba,
ayiij,
eni,
kere,
kpakati.
match, n. mate, n.
mat'ter,
ero, i^ana.
egbe, ekedzi.
6rai).
n.
mer'riment, n. araya. mer'ry, v. daraya. mix, V. billa, da kp6, darumes'sage, n. ise, oro. dakpo, darukpS, r9kpd. mes'senger, J!, alasa, ik9,05se, mix'ture, n. adaln, elu, idaindiscriminate me'taphor, n. akawe. kpd, ikpakpo me"w, V. yaui). mixture, adarudakpS. die. mock, V. ^efe, sii) mid'day, n. 9saogar)gai).
. . . :
mist, n. iri, kurukii. mistake', v. si, si^e. mistake', ;;. adamd, ks,\. mis'tletoe, n. afom6. mis'tress, n. lya, iyale. mi'tigate, v. d, rS.
mat'tock, n. igaijrii), koloba. mid'dle, n. agbedemedzi, ariij. mid 'night, w. orngai3dz9, 9gai}mature', v. gbo. matu'rity, n. agbo, igbo, ogbo. dz9. may, aux. le, ma. midst, n. arii), awudin.
mock'ery,
mo'del,
n.
n.
efe.
mock'ing-bird,
n.
awoke.
akpedinro, akpere.
v.
mo'derate,
kpa
m6.
MOD
mo'derately, modera'tion,
raino.
115
niwoij.
NIG
narra'tor, n. arohii). nar'ro"w, a. gboro, ha, ho, ^6koto, tere, toro.
adv.
n.
move, V.
mo'w,
V.
Ill,
ikpamo, ikpa
re
mole.
mo'dest, a. mo'desty, n.
man.
onisadiu.
itidzu, odzuti.
a.
K.
okp6, kpikpo.
gidigidi,
nar'rowness,
koko, nas'ty,
a.
n.
hiha.
adv.
ko mo.
moharn'medan.
moist'ure,
iiiqle.
See mussul-
kperekpere, rekodia.
mu'cus,
n.
irig, iiirimi,
mud, n.
^ata.
molas'ses, molest', V.
n.
oyiq ireke.
... lenu.
mug,
mule,
w. n.
na'tion, n. ede, orile, orile-ede. na'tional, a. ti orile-ede. kpetekpete, kpot9kpoto, na'tive, n. abile, ibil&. w. ibi. nati'vity, diaka. na'tural, n. adanidil, danida,
n.
ikoij.
JO
n.
ibaka.
V.
bisi,
eda, ida.
kposi, r^.
mo'ment,
nient, ni
ogai)
kai),
in a
ogai).
mo- mul'tiply,
na'ture,
n.
sedzu
n.
li
mo'ney,
owo.
a.
mo'neyless,
allowo.
mon'key,
oloyo.
n.
mul'titude, n. 9kp9. naught, n. mur'der, v. kpani, kpania. nau'sea, n. mur'der, n. ikpani. nau'seate, mur'derer, n. akpani, olukpa, riq Ied9
. .
esue, irind9.
v.
:
kpa
li
esue,
olukpani, kpanikpani.
mur'mur,
koijsin6.
v.
mur'murer,
mus'ele,
n.
n.
ak9i)sin9.
nitosi,
month, n. osn. monthly, a. losu. moon, n. osukpa, osu. Moor, n. batnre. mooring, n. isoko.
morass',
n.
ira,
(shell-fish), ikaka.
mush,
n.
mush 'room,
mu'sie, . mus'lin, n. musqui'to,
yam.
n.
aikperi.
sese, set9i).
as9r)m6,
etile,
orii].
ala.
neat,
a.
b9kiui, fiijdzu.
Idnikini.
afiijdiu.
sakata.
more, a. deliiij, divl. more, adv. sibe, siwadzu. moreo'ver, adv. kpelukpehi.
morn'lng,
odzmTi6.
n.
neat'ness,
n.
n.
mus'sulman,
imale.
musulimiij,
le mail.
must, mute,
aux.
a.
ni,
ko
necklace,
need, need,
tika-
n.
idnoi).
odi, aif9hu;).
v.
n.
v.
morose', a. mor'roAW, n.
mior'sel, n.
mut'ter,
kSij, k9i)sin6.
se alaini.
n.
a.
v.
my, pron.
rami.
mi.
nee'dle,
abere.
olaini.
ete, okele.
myself, pron.
need'y,
neglect',
da
kodia, fo
nilia, ra.
mosque,
moth,
iye.
n.
n.
masalase.
n.
kodza. myste'rious, a. diinle. myste'riousness, m. idiinlS. neglect'ful, a. mys'tery, n. aw 6, egberi, igede, neg'ligence, n.
6ro idiinle.
alaikiyesi.
aikiyesi.
Most High,
mo'ther,
n.
Oga Ogo.
lya, yeye,
ola.
abiamo,
N.
nail,
n.
iso, i^o iriq
:
neg'ligent, a. de, dera, w6i]. ne'gro, n. enia dudu, adii. neigh, v. ykrj. neigh'bor, n. aladugbo.
mo'ther-in-law, n. ayako. mo'therless, a. alainiya. mould'er, v. bil, bil, ra. moult, V. re.
neigh'borhood,
finger-nail,
ekai),
n.
agbegbe,
. . .
ekana.
kai), kai)
. .
ko.
nail,
V.
mo.
mound, mount,
guq.
n.
V.
okete, oke.
gesii),
goke,
gori,
nest, n. net, n.
ile.
kvsorj.
net 'tie-rash,
n.
egbesiq.
moun'tain, w. moun'tainous,
oke.
a.
oloke, oke.
kanti,
mourn,
se arc,
v.
k6 and,
da
aro,
tiko,
. . .
oruk9.
li 59 oruk9. die.
gbawe,
S9f9.
mourn'er, n. mourn'ing, n.
ekiii).
alawe,
arc,
elekuij.
6f9,
awe,
ne'ver, adv. ododi, odorodi. ne-w, a. t\tq\). ne-ws, n. iliiij. neAVs'mionger, n. alahes9. next, a. atele, kedii. next year, n. amodiiij.
nice, a. slia, snag. nice'ly, adv. tonitoni.
rohiq.
n. n.
ihiij, irohiij. ihii).
mouse, mouth,
n. n.
eluru.
nick'name,
nigh, prep,
n.
aladie.
enu.
nitosi.
NIG
nigh'ness, night, n.
night,
n.
itosi.
116
o.
dead of
;
OUT
omni'seient,
gbo.
a.
amohui)gbole,
leri, lori,
6ru
the
adiiq,
adziijdiiq
by oar,
n.
on, prep,
sara, son.
kd, Lara,
night, Ibru.
nightly,
adv.
loruloru.
nim'ble, a. wara, yara. nim'bleness, n. iyara, iwara. nim'bly, adv. gbese, werewere, object',
yaya.
oath, re. ara, ekpe, ibura. obe'dience, n. ifetisi, igb6. obe'dient, a. eletf, leti. obey', V. gba gbo, gbS,
.
once,
kag.
se.
Mi.
ekai),
lekai), lariq-
. . .
one, num.
kai), 9kai).
k9-
V.
k6.
n.
objec'tion,
oblige',
J),
ikS.
. . .
on'ion,
^e, te
.
re.
alub9sa.
obscu'rity, n. egberi. observe', v. woye. nip, V. kai). emu. n. observ'er, re. alafiyesi, alami. nip'pers, ero. ob'stacle, re. idina, odogbulu. nit, n. amSse, ika. kinidiebe, kurumu, ob'stinacy, re. no, adv. a. nn. ob'stinate, agldi, waroriki. nadwo, n. obstruct', V. dena. no'ble, oloye. obstrue'tion, n. idena. nod, n. teri. to obtain', v. dze, ri gba. noise, n. driwo, ato, atoto make a noise, kpariwo, kpato liio. obtuse', a. kfi, aimu. occa'sional,a. idayedaye, igbanoiseless, a. aikpato.
:
. . .
nine, num. esai). nine'teen, num. 6kai)dil6gui). nine'ty, num. ad9rur). ninth, num. kesaq.
le, te
li.
on'ly, adv.
maso,
iSa^a,
so^o.
V.
s',
o'pen,
ya
to
open the
door, ^ikui).
o'pening, re. emi, ikpedii, odiu. o'penly, adv. nigbaijgba. o'penness, re. afo. opportune', a. sakoko. opportu'nity, n. aye, igba,
9W9le.
oppose', V.
kodiudzasi.
de
lona, diakoro,
oppos'ed,
op'posite,
dzusi.
a. a.
kai).
noisily, adv.
nois'y,
a.
gbai.
kugba.
OCca'sionally,a(i'?;.
ise.
6k9kar),
tirisi,
ko-
kpato.
idayedaye,
no'minate, v. kpe. nidayedaye. occupa'tion, n. non'sense, n. isokilso. occur', v. hii. noon, n. 9dz9kariij. noose, ra. iseb9: to make a noose, o'cean, re. okuq.
ie... b9.
of, prep,
mbi, tabi.
re.
north, nose, n.
n.
ariwa.
oS", adv.
loh.
isoTait.
o'racle,
alabalase.
imo.
re.
offence', n.
offend',
V.
o 'range,
re.
orombo.
.
nos'tril,
iho im9.
],
sS, dese. a,
not, adv.
ho,
o.
ki,
ko, k3,
mah, offend'ed,
offend'er, offer, V.
sokehii)da.
is9rai).
ndai), i)ko, 6, 6.
n.
no'table,
aklycsi, hik.
tore.
re.
or 'derly, adv.
leae.
offering,
office,
n.
5re.
dye.
re.
or'dinance,
idioye,
re.
idasilfe, ilana.
nothingness,
no'tice,
v.
re.
asaij.
officer,
adi,
odioye,
o'rigin,
re.
edi, iliul,
iwa.
bikita, kiyesi.
conj.
notAvithstandlng,
aniSkpo.
oloye. offi'eial, .
ori'ginal,
ol9la. w.
idasi.
91110.
a.
v.
at9rui)wah.
ori'ginate,
humS.
910^0.
oflS'eiousness,
v.
nourish,
novr,
off'spring,
re.
irumo,
arfj^.
arowa,
biatiijwiyi,
often,
a(?y.
oh
oil,
interj.
re.
nigbakngba. aa ye
! !
we, nigbayi,
wayi.
adi, ororo.
re.
aluwasi.
oinfment,
asai).
ikuqra.
w.
ogoijgo.
null,
a.
ok'ra,
old, a.
gbo.
ai-
re.
ila.
o'ther, pron.
elomirai).
numb,
a.
ketiri.
num'ber,
niye.
n.
iye, eye. n.
o'ther'wise,
ito,
re.
ayamobi,
num'berless,
alainiye,
old age,
old'er,
a.
ogbologbo.
atidio.
kaka.
olden-time,
n.
etiri.
ought, aux.
numb'ness,
nurse, nurse,
n.
V.
are, sare.
re.
old'ness,
o'm.en, omit', I'.
gbo.
re.
agb6, ami.
laf, lailai.
ar4wa, awa
k9dza.
re.
omni'potence,
diade, sode.
n.
ike.
OUT
outdo',
out'er,
V.
te.
117
paint,
pair,
V.
kiii), kpalose, sa. takotabo, raedii.
PER
paste,
V.
fi
.
. .
m6.
lu,
a.
ode, ehiq.
n.
pas'ture,
V.
n.
IB,
kpakpa.
palace,
sar).
n.
afii),
bu
le, raij
pala'ver,
pale,
a.
n.
ofS.
\o dill.
n.
abule, ida-asa.
outrun',
out'side,
out'wit',
saro dzil.
eliii),
pale'ness,
i^i.
n.
lehiij, sehir),
palm,
71.
atelew6.
n.
ode, lode.
V.
palm'-nut,
kpa
. . .
ekuro.
ekpo.
letag.
palm'-oil,
n.
pa'triarch,
patrol',
V.
n.
babala, babanla.
o'ver, prep.
palm'-tree, n. okpe. overcome', v. se, bori. palm'-"wine, n. emo, ogur5. overflow'ing, n. ak6qwosil6, pal'pitate, v. fo. ik9i)wosile, gbedugbedu. pal'sied person, n. elBgba. overhead,' arfv. gai)gai5,katari. pal'sy, n. egba. overlook', v. modzukuro. pant, V. mi bele. overlook'ing, a. amodzukuro. pantaloons', ?i. akoto, ^okoto,
loke, lebir).
iqA&.
i^9de.
patrol', n.
pat'ter,
v.
kpa bata
n.
bata.
pat'tern,
akpediure, akpere,
^aki, ikoij.
awose, idzure.
paunch,
n.
overrun', oversee',
overse'er,
v.
gbilS.
kafo, kar)ki.
v.
fodzuto.
akiyesi, alafiyesi,
n.
alafodznto.
pause, V. simi. paAvn, n. oi'a. pavrn'-servant, n. iw9fa. pa'wn, V. sir)gba, s9fa. pa'paAV, n. bekpe, ibekpe, ab9,
siinb9.
Oversha'do-w,tr.
sidzi,^idiib6.
afom6.
ikporuij.
o'versight,
n.
v.
itodzu.
parasol',
par'boil,
n.
v.
pay,
hy
dii.
V.
d:i,
daw6,
sai)
to
pay
gbara.
di, dig,
.
instalments, dawirj.
n.
parch,
itu.
V.
yaq.
.
.
pay'ment,
.
esaq.
dii, fi par'don, v. dari par'don, n. idaridii, ifidii. mo- pare, v. h8. overvT'helm', v. bo, bo billil. pa'rent, n. abimo, obi. overwhelm'ed, a. bibomolB. pa'ring, n. (yam) ebe. OVerwise',a. am6dzu,am6tai). park, n. ih6, abata. 0"we, V. die, die gbese. par'lor, n, basa, gbaijga.
. . .
.
pea,
n.
eie.
n.
alfifia.
peace,
peace'maker, ra.
dia, oladia.
aladza, onila-
pearl,
n.
V.
iyi)i).
peck,
peel,
sag.
V.
owl,
n.
pa'roquet,
par'rot, n.
old,
n.
agaqraij.
0"wn, V. 0"wn'er,
oliiwa.
ode,
ofe,
kaijra,
rad9,
n.
nini,
olodiu,
tede.
part,
malil.
n,
M.
elela,
ida,
iba,
ikpa,
ox,
n.
oys'ter,
kpasa, kpasaq.
iso.
kai)
IBkaq.
V.
S9. ..lu.
partak'er,
n.
adiokpii),
io
pacifioa'tion,
n.
6tutu.
peo'ple,
71.
enia.
ata,
atalia, atarere,
pa'eify,
v.
tiinin6.
partial'ity, .
v.
odiusadiu.
kpiij, wari.
pep'per,
n.
pack, V. deru, ki. parti'cipate, pack'age, n. okelo, 9go, waga. par 'tide, n. tontoro. pack'rope, n. akpa, 9bara.
pad,
n.
gb6r)gbota, iyere.
kinikini,
soqso,
akpere.
n.
parti 'tion,
part'ner,
n.
n.
i]^, ikele.
perceive', v. moye, woye. perch, n. (fish), ikoro, 9were. perch, V. ba, ba le.
pad'dle,
adie, vvalami.
perch 'ing,
a.
iye.
percus'sion-cap,
n.
ero.
kuruba.
pain, n. edSij, irora, ita. pain, V. doi), ro. pained', a. onirora. pain'ful, a. kai). paint, n. ase, ose, 6se, a^e.
par'tridge, n. akparo, ^likura. perdi'tion, n. egbe. par'ty, n. ikpa, odo. per'fect, a. kpe, kpikpe, tai). V. f6...ko- perfect'ed, a. asekpe, fiq. da...kodia, pass, dia, kodia, la, rek9dia, yikpo. perfec'tion, n. kpikpe. pas'sion, n. ediano, idino. per'fectly, adv. taq. lu. pas'sionate, a. odino, so. per'forate, v. da
. . .
pass'over,
past,
a.
n.
irekodia.
ehijj.
perform',
v.
gbe, die.
n.
tuiari.
kodza,
perfu'mery,
PER'
perhaps',
b9ya,
sesi.
118
afalmo, pil'fer,
V.
POT
plea'sure,TO.
afe,in6did6i),6wu.
ofa.
adv.
abi,
dzale, safow6ra.
pil'ing, n.
akodzo.
kpiye.
owoi).
aba.
irora, timtiin.
pe'ril, n.
ewu.
gb6, kiigbe, ra, ruq,
pil'lage,
V.
pledge, pledge,
plen'ty,
V.
TO.
S9fa.
igbow9,
a.
pe'rish,
sogbc.
v.
pil'lar, n.
n.
n.
plen'tiful,
re.
kp5, kpikpo.
per'jure, per'jury,
v.
okpo,
IS.
okp6l9kpd,
kpikp6.
n.
atoko.
pli'able,
plot,
V.
a.
pim'ple, n. orore, rore. permit', v. dze, dzowo. perpendi'eular, a. gaij, gaq- pin, 11. abere. pin'cers, n. emu. gai). lekana. pinch, V. dza perpet'ually, adv. titi.
. .
dirikisi, rikisi,
V.
V.
sawo.
ploTV,
tule.
fa,
pluck,
ka, kai),
sidi, tu,
ya.
plump,
V.
yaijwe, iu^u.
pine'-apple, n. okpaimb6. plump'ness, to. owe. perplex', v. damn, go, su. perplexed', a. ko Icle, rodzu. pin'nacle, n. agaijgai), soijso. plun'der, v. kpiye, tu. fere: tobacco-pipe,\gv&h, plun'der, to. amona, ikogui). idamii, igo, pipe,ra. perplex'ity, n. plun'derer, to. akpiye. odzukpoi). oguso, ikoko-taba. pipe, V. fSi), foqfere. plunge, V. forib9. per'secutor, n. oninobini. pock'et, TO. akpo. perseve'rance, n. aisimi, 119- pip'er, n. afoi)tere. n. ileko. dzu iyaodzu. asisori, point, re. (sharp) agogori, gogo, pis'tol, SOIJSO. iho, koto, 6fii), ogodo, persevere', v. foiiti, se itodzu, pit, n. I'odzu. libodzi, isa clay-pit, ikudu. point, r. diure, sd, soij, siii), w6i). per'son, n. enia, em, 111, ohi- pitch'er, . oril. ware. point'ed, a. soro. pi'ty, TO. anu. poi'son, TO. ogui), or6. perspira'tion, n, oguij. pi'ty, V. rado, sanu. perspire', v. lagmj. place, n. ibi, ikpo, ihii), ikpana, po'ker, TO. iwana. ISO. pole, TO. ogui), 9kpa. persuade', v. kpa niyeda. a. i". sofoij. ka,ka. .si, s9...1odio. police', TO. isode. persua'sive, place, police'man, to. pertain', v. scti, tori. plague, V. yd ... lenu. ol9kpa, oloperverse'ness, n. odi si. plain, n. kpetele. kpaga. pervert', v. yi, yi kpada, plain, a. ob9r9, po'lish, V. dai). n. w. daiin6. pervert'er, afinosadzere, plain'ness, pollute', V. S9 gbaijgba.
: . .
afinoseliiQ, afinosode.
plaintiff^
adza- plait,
V.
n.
olufisoij.
:
pollu'tion,
plait the
TO.
aim6,
eri.
pes'tilenee,
kale.
n.
adzakft,
ba, WOT)
to
hair, dirqj}.
n.
pond, pond,
pool,
V.
TO.
dagui), gui).
adagui), odo.
v.
pes'tle,
omo-odo.
pet,
V.
plan, plan,
TO.
idamorai).
pon'der,
TO.
dodzukodo,
to.
V.
TO.
lam oral).
akpako.
abata.
asise,osise,oto^i,talaka,
plank,
poor, TO.
pevr'ter,
slnika, tasa.
n.
ifeni.
philan'thropy, physi'cian, n.
phy'sic-nut,
gUDn.
olukp9i5dzu.
popula'tion,TO.
khi).
tar)-
ot9kolu,agbalu.
ore.
ologui),
plas'ter,
v.
kpale,
kiii)le,
plate,
lobotudie,
si-
TO.
awo, awokp9ko,
TO. to.
gara.
asaro.
plat'ing,
n.
asilbb.
port'er,
to.
alaru.
elela.
piaz'za, pick, n.
pick
off,
odede.
:
plat'form,
;
atibaba.
por'tion, possess',
.
TO.
tu
to
plat'ter,
to.
awo-kpok9.
posi'tion,
woi).
{up), asa.
n.
picked,
a.
play, play,
TO.
ire.
V.
V.
sire.
piok'-axe,
piece, n. piece, V. pierce, v.
lara.
igaqre.
play'ful,
asaya.
a.
we.
to.
possess'ing, posses'sion,
aiawada,
anidokpiq, aniohuij
ini.
pic'"ture, n.
aworai).
playfulness,
.
ese, idzaijdia.
posses 'sor,
to.
onini.
bule, raq
mo.
. . .
pierced, a. gigaij. pierc'ingly, adv. slq. pierc'ingness, m. ikanilara. pi'geon, n. eiyele, enikiiku: please, v. d6r)-m6, wu. white pigeon, adaba su^u wild pleased, a. ye. pigeon, ataba orei)k6re. pleas'ing, arf*-. ewu.
;
plead, V. be, bebe. pos'sible, a. ^ise. plead'er, to. abebe elebe. pos'sibly, adv. afaim5. ibebe plead'ing, to. siiecial post, TO. okpo. postpone', V. fiti, y. pleading, asawi. plea'sant, a. dSij. pot, re. amo, ikoko, kolobo, oruba oil-pot, eba. to. idSq. plea'santness,
:
:
aro.
kukunduku.
.
akpadi.
POT
omokoko. pot'ter's clay, n. amo.
pot'ter,
n.
119
press, press,
n.
V.
PUB
pro'mise,
ki
. . .
ihagaga.
foij,
v.
leri,
^e
ileri, ^eleri.
ki,
molB,
promising,
a.
dk.
rar)
v.
.
kirimo.
press'ed, sumo.
a.
akimole,
rii),
\v5,
promote', v. promul'gate,
wi
..
.
I9W0.
. . .
taq
kalS,
kale.
v.
V.
ii5, ta,
presume',
gbu.
v.
pronounce',
proof,
m.
s9.
iladi.
po'verty,M. povT'der, n.
presumptuously,
kaka.
. . .
adv.
ka,
prop, n. afelui)ti, alafehiijti. lehii). prop, V. fehiqtl, ti, ti pro'pagate, v. bisi. pro'per, a. kpegede. pro'perly, adv. dede. pro'perty, . nini, okuq ini.
.
praise, bilyii), ye, yii). praise, n. iyiij. praised, a. niyiq. prate, v. s6ro botiboti. pra'tingly, arf?'. botiboti.
bori, seguq.
pro'phecy, n. pro'phesy, v.
as9tele.
s5 as9tele, sot|le.
pro'phet, n. anabf, woll. preva'ricate, v. yihui). lekuij. propi'tiate, v. to, tu prevent', v. da tuno. pre'vious, a. iwadzu, sadzu. ituno. adv. lariqkai), propitia'tion, n. pre'viously,
. . .
nino,
tele, ri. pra-wn, 71. ede. pray, v. gbadua, gbadura, kiroq. pre'viousness, n. pray'er, n. {to God) adura, (to prey, n. ohur)-9de.
propi'tiator,
ariij.
n.
atutio.
preach,
v.
wasi, wasii.
price, price,
V.
dayele, diyele.
iye, iyebiye.
n.
n.
eguij.
irera.
n.
priest'hood,
oluvvo.
sii),
orise-ahifa, i^e-
propo'sal, n. adamorar). propose', V. dam&raij, lana. propos'er, n. onidamSrai). prosper'ity, n. alafia. pro'strate, v. d9bal6. prostra'tion, n. obal. protect', V. dabobo. protract', v. fa guij. diade. protrude', v. y9
. . . . . .
tukpu.
v.
ateteko.
alade.
olori.
protuberance,
proud,
a.
n.
koko.
agberaga,
gberaga,
predes'tinate,
lana... tele.
yai)
tele,
proud'ly, adv.
kasa, yai).
lari, S9di.
predict',
tele.
v.
sa...t61e, s5
aso-
pri'soner,
onde.
n.
aratubu, elewoi),
s^kas4ka.
predic'tion, n. pre-exist'ent,
pri'vacy, n. abel, ikoko. a. adzib6wab4. pri'vately, adv. nikoko. ^adzu. prefer', v. fa, fi pri'vy, n. salaqga. n. iwii. pre'ference, prized, a. ayo. preg'nancy, n. oyui), aboyui). proba'tion, n. idaqwo. preg'nant, a. yuq, boyliq, lo- proceed', v. ns6. proclaim', v. kede. preme'ditate, v. ro. tBle. proclaim'er, n. akede. prepara'tion, n. 6se, iinura. proclama'tion, n. ikede. prepare', v. d&, inura, kpdlemo, pro'digal, n. akpa.
. . . . .
asot^Ie, afo^e.
pro 'verb,
provide',
n.
v.
owe.
kpese
n.
sile.
pro'vidence, pro'vince, .
provi'sion, n. provoca'tion,
oro.
ese,
iwoye.
igberiko. fedzefedze.
n.
imunibiiw,
ikusa.
kpata, kpcse.
produce',
da.
v.
r9gui3, ta.
.
prescribe',
v.
pro'fit, pro'fit,
V.
da
. .
lero.
n.
egbe,
a.
ere,
aijfani.
pro'fitable,
^aqfani.
pru'dence, . iloye. pru'dent, a. oloye. woi). iwadze, prune, v. prun'ing-knife, n. ada. pry, V. (into) todiub9.
so
. .
.
n.
prohi'bit,
lofiq.
v.
dew6,
n.
sdfii),
pshaAV
pub'lic,
interj.
&i6
ore, itore.
v.
fi
.
n.
igbaqgba.
tore,
ta
. .
prohibi'tion,
isofii), ofii).
ewo,
kawfi.
goijgoij,
ekui),
promenade',
to pre-
v.
pro'minent,
yori.
a.
luke,
serve
life,
semi.
n.
publish,
n.
ileri.
V,
ro
kale,
wi
preserv'er,
oKikpamo.
pro'mise,
kiri.
PUF
pufl?
pull,
V.
fS.
120
ques'tion, n. ques'tion, v.
ebi, gre, ibi.
EEC
rat, .
.
puflfed up,
V.
fa,
a.
asefefe.
.
bi
. .
lere,
fi
16.
kd, JO.
pump
'kin, n.
puno'tually,
quick, a. quick'en,
da
n.
love, dzi.
quick 'ener,
. . .
asonidaye.
in,
kaij,
pun'gency,
pu'nish,
nise.
V.
n.
quick'ly, adv.
niya, ^e
wiri.
wiri-
ratan', rate, v.
ra'vel,
n.
akparoq.
dze
n.
quick'sand,
atisenise.
n.
iyagriij dide.
tu.
pu'nishment,
pu'pil,
n.
qui'et, qui'et,
V.
bale, r^.
ra'ven,
dakeroro,
die.
dode.
a.
omo-odin.
n.
ra.
a.
dakedze,
ra'venous,
ravine',
ravr, raze,
a.
akpadie, akpani-
pur'blindness,
afota.
kekekpa.
pur 'chase,
v.
qui'etly, adv.
qxii'etness,
quill, n.
n.
n.
koto
dzigoijroi),
pur'chase, n. ora. pur'ehaser, n. ora, ora. pure, a. eki, mo. pure'-hearted, a. oninifufu. nino. purge, V. su purifioa'tion, n. awemo. pu'rify, V. da, w...mo, we
. . . .
. .
kauijkau^, teno.
ibale, didake, idake, idakedze, idakeroro.
idiigoijroi).
tutu.
n.
w6
kpale.
iye.
ra'zor, n.
abe.
dzasi, to.
\h.,
quit,
V.
reach,
read,
v.
v.
quite,
nini.
qui'ver,
w.
n.
no.
n.
a.
aileri, fufu,
ar5, eblri.
pu'rity, pur'ple,
kpinu.
mim6.
lamdraij,
qui'ver,
v.
aluko.
V.
pur'pose,
purr, V. purse,
pursue',
gboro,
ot6.
v.
R
rab'bit,
n.
re'alize,
m5
se.
ot6.
kuijkui).
.
re'ally, adv.
asui]w6i),
n.
alafuta,
agoro, ehoro.
;
orekese.
V.
le,
le
kpa,
le
rere, tele.
pus,
n.
V.
aikperi.
bi,
idzc.
reap, v. ka, kore. reap'er, . olukorc. reap'ing-hook, n. iWo. reappear', v. t6i3 haij.
rear,
v.
te,
t6
v.
dagba. goke.
{cause), idi,
push,
wo,
si,
te,
ti
to
agisa, akisa.
n.
push doion, bi ^ubn, ti subii, tari. pus'tule, n. arore, rore. to put away, fi put, V. fi sile sile, ko put doton, fi sile bale, fi. .1|, fi put k& put le, bu upon, fi
:
. .
.
rag'man,
alagisa.
reascend', rea'son, n.
itorf.
toi)
iyeno;
alagisa.
rai'ment,
rain, rain,
n.
v.
n.
aso.
edii, odzo.
rh,
rea'soning,
re'bel, n.
:
n.
v.
aspye.
toij
. .
rodzo.
reassem'ble,
. . .
kpedio.
2to, fi...bo,
fi ..
sin6, fi.
osumare.
gbe,
gbe
dide
. . .
to
rebel',
v.
dide,
rebel'lion, n.
. .
lokpe, su.
dziiide.
rebuild',
n.
v.
tog ko.
rais'ing,
agbende.
rake, rake,
v.
ha.
rebuke', rebuke',
recall',
v.
ba
wi,
fi
kilo.
n.
v.
ibawi.
n. n.
v.
oba.
kpe
v.
kpada, toq
. . .
Q.
quad'ruped, quad'ruple,
merirj.
n.
a.
ram, ram,
elesemeriij. emerii),
etne-
agbo.
ki.
v.
riij
. .
kpe.
receive',
.
gba, gba
sodo,
ram'ble,
ran'cid,
kiri.
ri
gba, tew6gba.
atigba.
nil9lo,
a.
gbokn, meseri.
n.
eseri.
rancid'ity,
v.
^ese,
quake,
sS.
quan'tity,
quar'rel,
v.
n.
iye.
rank, n. ran'som,
ba
. . .
ito. v.
ra
kpada, da
dia,
a.
.
so,
sS.
nide.
quar'relsome,
quar'ter, quar'ter,
v.
al4so.
.
.
ran'somer,
n.
oludande.
igba.
da
nieriij.
n.
idameriq.
guqr9i), r9gb9kA.
v.
fu.
recollect',
niraij, ranti.
akaii^e.
ras'cal,
n.
diagididzagai).
re'eompense, re'compense,
re'coneile,
v.
n.
v.
9W91), esaij.
radi, sag.
quench,
v.
kpa.
rasp,
ayui).
ladia, tu.
REG
re'conciler, n. aladia. reeoneilia'tion, n. etutu. recount', v. kpitaij, ro. idarawa. re'ereate, v. gba
.
121
remains',
.
11
IC
?..
akpeta.
resolu'tion,
eiJo.
v.
. . .
raij
niraij,
raij
leti, si
niye.
ifidii.
.
respect', ka, ka
.
v.
. .
fodzukpe,
diuba,
si.
remis'sion, n. remit', v. fi
.
dzi.
respect', . respect'er,
ikasi,
6W9.
t6wotow9.
n.
oluwodzii.
rem'nant,
idasi;
n.
remote',
a.
v.
dzina.
da,
^i, sidi, ii
remove',
^ikpo,
si
nidi,
n.
adab6\v9.
simi.
nikpo.
fa
. . .
feri, noijyi,
reflect',
mete.
rend,
silS.
v.
ya.
rest, n.
15,
isimi.
a.
reform', v. reform'er,
refrain',
v.
kpiwada.
n.
renounce',
v.
to...
n.
k9
rest'less,
aisimi.
laisimi.
alatogse.
rest'lessly, adv.
akpada. wo.
kparam6.
tu
.
refresh ',v.
. .
lara, tura.
rest'lessness,
n.
akp9i), arc.
refresh'ment,
w.
itura.
akp4gbeyir), ele.
n.
restora'tion, n. restore', v. bo
kpada.
amukpada.
. .
sikpo,
mu
re'fuge, w. abo, asala. refund', v, saij kpada. refuse', v. du, k6. re'fuse, n. atAnd, okusu. refus'er, n. okose.
renuncia'tion,
repair'er,
repeal',
v.
okehiqda.
n.
alat9i)se.
a.tqi)ie.
.
repair 'ing,
repeal',
n.
n.
fi
.
restrain', ram6.
v.
maraduro,
kpa-
dzi.
afidii.
fodiusi,
adiinde,
rege'nerate,
re'gion,
iba.
n.
v.
to^ibl.
repent'ance,
repeti'tion,
n.
n.
sag
esdij,
re'gularly, adv.
w6i).
rehearse
reign, reign,
rein,
v.
'i
v.
ro.
replen'lsh,
reply', v. reply',
n.
v.
v.
IS,
k6q.
retalia'tion,
0W91).
n.
esag,
isaij,
dioba.
idi9ba. okuij idianu.
6kar).
n.
idahui), idie.
retreat',
retreat',
v.
ho.
qsk.
m. n.
report',
diiliiij,
. .
dzise.
.
n.
reproach', v. bi kpada. Idhug, bo- return', v. return', n. akpada. diumo, siregug. reject'ed, a. asati. reveal', v. fi reproach', n. Sgarj, ete. hai), sikpayd. rejoice', v. n. abawi. jb, y5ay5, yay6, reproof, reveal'ing, n. asikpaya. wi. ieajb. revela'tion, ra. asikpaya, ifih^fl. reprove', v. ba rejoic'ing,n. {together) a,dioyb. reputa'tion, ?i. ihiq. re'velry, n. irede. relate', v. gba ro, kpa, ro, reput'ed, a. revenge', V. gbesai), sag esdg. sebi, asebi. rohii). re'verence, v. b9la, hari. request', v. bere, bl. rela'tion, n. ikpele. re'verent, a. hari, ahari. require', v. di, b6re.
reject',
v.
reins,
k5, tikuro.
. .
. . .
re'lative.w.
ol9tai).
v.
s4i).
re'verently, adv.
.
t6wot5w9.
res'cue,
v.
v.
gba
.\k.
revile',
alugb9i),
v.
gag.
elegaij.
at9i)hil, odii.
. . .
release',
relent',
v.
da
. .
kuro, dza
resem'blance,
aworaq, diidiq,
n.
irar).
revil'er,
n. n.
nide, dzow9l9wci.
reviv'al,
da
. . .
dekur).
itil.
resem'ble,
reserve',
v.
.
v.
dabi.
relieF,
n.
v.
da
a.
ii,
silS.
relieve',
de
lara.
reserved',
reside',
v.
adasl.
lodiu.
reli'gion, n.
siijsir).
.
gbe.
seiye, s9te.
n.
v.
re'sidence, n. ile. re'sident, a. agbe, atikpo. re'sidue, n. iyokug. re 'sin, n. ida, odiia.
revolt'er,
asote.
yi.
revolve',
reward',
v.
sag.
.
rheu'matism,
akuiegbe,
re'solute,
a.
gbodiul6,
rice,
n.
mu,
sigkafa.
16
RIC
rich,
a.
atila,
la,
122
olowo, bro, rot,
V.
bi\,
SCA
sail,
sail,
re.
bA, ra.
okuijra.
igbokui).
riij.
re.
oldro, 9l9to.
rote,
n.
ikS,.
V.
rich'es,
ride,
v.
n.
ola.
alo.
rot'ten,
a.
sail'ing,
ita, iriij.
rid'dle, n.
rough,
esi, esiq.
.
a.
gesii), gQi).
roughly,
yai),
^efe,
fi
. .
9l9ko.
fenia
itori.
re.
mim6.
9m9le.
ri'dicule,
ri'dicule,
eleya,
^efe.
fi
n.
v.
.
. .
eleya,
fi
. .
sake,
re.
salaman'der,
sali'va,
re.
^esiq,
^ah6,
iesii),
round, round,
rouse,
a.
in.
ito.
adv. or prep.
V.
yika.
salt, salt,
re.
iyo, orere.
fi
sare.
V.
iy9
8!.
alkre
row,
11.
saluta'tion,
salute',
V.
n.
dogba, diare, save, to. ro'W, V. tuko. ro'w'er, n. atuko. right'eous, a. alare, olododo. right'eousness, n. dodo, do- rub, V. gbo, kiqrir), kpa, rL dod6, ododo. rud'der, w. it9k9.
ki.
salva'tion,
n.
igbala, il^.
same,
a.
dede.
ekpo.
eka, oka, oruka.
na, qkar).
mim6,
ring,>M.
V.
ruins,
n.
dboro,
alakpa, ala-
sanc'tify,
re.
v.
so
di
mim6.
lagogo.
n.
. .
ringleader,
rinse,
ripe,
v.
alaierkr).
.
iyaijrir),
busu.
bata, salubata.
re.
si, ^i
nb.
sand'-fly,
emiriq.
a.
as6gb6, d.
Me,
kpoi).
rul'er,
odioye, akoso.
okiki.
rip 'en, v. gbo, kpoi)^9. ripe'ness, w. 6de, ekp6i). rise, V. dide, ru, wu, (as a
lock) bike. rise, n. ihul|.
ru'mor,
n.
rump,
hil-
n.
bebe
n.
idi, idi.
sap, re. odie. sash, n. ik9be, mayafi. Sa'tan, re. esu, bara, ebilisi.
satch'el,
sa'tiate,
re.
run,
V.
birigami, laba.
tori odifi.
itori
run'a'way,
iru.
as^sig, isaijsa.
v.
re.
rising,
risk, V. risk, n.
ri'val,
n.
(up) adiinde,
. . .
da
V.
se.
idaie.
sati'ety, odiu.
ayo,
adieyo,
it^krog.
yo.
.
satisfac'tion,
sa'tisfied, n.
dikpara,
re.
lel|,
didze. oludidie.
da
kpara,
sa'tisfy,
V.
.
t
. .
.lor9i),
tori
ri'val, n.
rust,
dogui). n.
odzu, k6q
ikpara.
lodiu.
road,
roar,
n.
v.
ikpa-6na, 5na.
kiri.
s.
roam,
roast,
sauce, re. 9b. sauee'pan, re. isasuq. sau'cy, a. safodiudi yadzu. sa'vage, a. as5. save, V. gba ... la, ^e igbal^,
ose
:
v. V.
ho.
sui), SOI).
Sab'bath,
ko
. . .
n.
isimi,
the
mu
la.
Mohammedan
leru.
Sabbath, adiimo,
saved,
re.
atila.
ola,,
rob,
V.
bole,
idzimo.
dig.
rob'her,M.
]abamoll,alabamol|, sab'bath-breaker, n.
olugbala, oi)\k.
adSij.
sa'vory,/!. lonli),oloriii),adid5ij.
n.
sack,
dke, akalambi.
a.
v.
ayui) re.
rook,
rod,
n.
sa'cred,
mato.
fi
. . .
saTW,
i-ub9, seb9.
n.
ayur), oyuq.
sa'criiice,
rogue,
roll, n.
roll,
V.
n.
sa'crifice, n.
eb9, igbo.
aruda,
v.
arukoi),
scab 'bard,
ole.
re.
ak9.
sa'crilege (commit),
Olorui)
li
roof, n.
room, n. room'y,
roost,
V.
sad,
a.
fadzuro, faro.
n.
v.
a.
alaye, laye.
sad'dle,
sad'dle,
asa, gari.
di
. . .
w8.
n.
k'kviko.
ni gfivi.
dia scaffold, re. atibaba. scale, re. (fish) ikpe, ikpekpe. SCa'ly, a. yiyi. scar, re. odzu, sasa. scarce, adv. kede, ^9W9i), w6i).
roost'er,
root, n. root,
V.
sad 'die-cloth,
sad'ness,
safe,
a.
re.
egbo, gboqgbo.
tar)gbo. okiij, or6.
?i.
iw9ri, owoij.
n.
adidii.
ailewu,
li
alari,
ododo.
ka, fop, fogka,
rope,
safe'ly, adv.
ailewu.
v.
fe
. . .
rope 'maker,
olokui).
safe'ty,
n.
tand, tuka.
SC A
scat'tered,
lilili,
123
se'cret-teller, n.
katakata,
asorokele.
SH A
asorodzedie, serve,
v.
sirj,
n.
owara.
se
ti.
scat'teringly, adv.
sasa, tore.
sect,
11.
iyakpa.
n.
la,
ser'vice, n. ser'vile, a.
oniyakpa.
i^e-isii), siqsli].
bi ern.
scent, 11. oiiii). scent, V. gboi'ui). scentless, a. ailorui). seep'tre, n. okpa, okpa oba.
secta'rian, secure', a.
lailewu.
ila,
secu'rity,
n.
onigbowo.
:
sedge,
n.
scholar,
scis'sors,
scofi^
si.
I',
n.
akodii\,
om9 kewu.
yo
suti
sedi'tion,
n.
sege. isote
servi'Uty, n. iwa eru. ser'vitude, n. oko era. set V. ba, w6 to set upon, bu ka to ka, gbe ka, fi
: . . . . . . . .
.
to
cause
se-
set
down,
;
fi
. .
bale,
gbe
(as
kale,
n.
fi
alumagadii, emu.
. . .
dition, rulu.
kale
olote.
to set
V.
so eleya,
sedi'tious,
a.
set'tle,
tore.
ted6
water),
seduce',
n.
s9,
v.
ik ... letaij.
scoffer,
scold,
V.
eleya, elegai).
see,
V.
11,
ri, rirai),
wo.
inimo.
ba
s6,
bawi.
seed,
iru, irngbiri,
scold'ing,
n.
abawi.
seedtime,
seeing, seek, V.
seek'er,
n.
n.
igba
irugbii).
scorch, scorn, n.
V.
diona.
eya, ikposi.
n.
.
atiri, irai).
scorn'er,
odiogai).
eleya.
n.
aferi.
scor'pion,
akeke,akerekerc,
alar6kereke.
fS.
seem,
seen,
seer,
v.
w6, dabi.
ari.
set'tlement, n. odzo, itedo. se'ven, num. edze, medie. se'venfold, a. leviijmedze. se'venteen, num. etadilogui). se'venth, num. ekedze, kedie. se'venty, num. adoriq. se'ver. See separate.
severe',
a.
a.
oqroro.
n.
oluwo.
v.
seethe,
seize,
v.
b5.
scourge,
SCOAvl,
V.
v.
na.
fediu.
v.
gba
n.
mn.
sew,
V.
scram'ble,
dzadii.
degudagudu, diin.
arar)S9.
n.
sekeseke
di
neck-
shackle, adzaga.
scram'bling,
idzadu.
sa
yar).
shack'le,
keseke.
v.
de,
di,
.ni se-
n.
asayai), ayo.
scrap, 11. akisa, ida asa, irekpe. scrape, v. fa, ha, haij. scratch, v. ka, ko, dia lekana. scra"w'ny, a. banta.
kpakpa,
n. n.
tikalA,
ti-
shade, shade,
dziij.
v.
sidii, sidiib&.
n.
self-conceit',
am6ta;i.
igbera.
self-defence',
self-deni'al,
n.
sha'dow,
odiidiii).
n.
adiidiii), odiidii,
scream,
scribe,
scrip, n.
satchel.
v.
hag.
ikparamo.
ifera.
n.
ak6we.
akpo-agbadagodo.
n.
v.
selfish,
a.
fera, onifera,
See selfishness,
sha'dy, a. shake, w.
onibodii.
gboi),mi,yii): toAaA:
.
.
self-Avilled', n.
ete, odogi.
alasedsii.
n.
scro'fula,
self-^willed'ness,
sell,
V.
asetin6.
scru'tinize,
wadi.
ike.
ta.
sculp 'ture,
seut'tle,
n.
V.
n.
sel'ler, n.
ota.
n.
eti aso. n.
l9\vo, b9wo. shak'en, a. amikpS, gb9g. shak'y, adv. ^bati. shak'ing, a. imi.
.
hands, bd, b6
alafo.
lu.
selv'edge,
shall, aux.
a.
6, 8, k, ba.
scut'tle,
sea,
11.
agbami, okuij.
ateguij.
eti okuij.
se'nilcircle, sumare.
kd
diiij.
fi
. .
.
sea'-breeze, n. sea'-coast, n.
seal,
n.
send, V. send'er,
se'nior,
rai), rai)
. .
nise, raij^e.
shame, shame,
odzuti.
v.
dodzuti,
esi,
kilo.
n.
esiij,
itidiu,
n. n.
olurarise.
riraij.
sami
v.
si, di.
send'ing,
n.
wk.
aferi,
are.
awari.
a.
awatdi).
kpekpekuq. sea'son, n. ewd, wakati. sea'sonable, a. sakoko. seat, n. ibudzoko, ikpo. se'cond, a. ekedzi, kedzl, atele.
sea'-shell, n.
sense, n. itumb, iyen6. sen'tence, n. imS, ikpiiiti. sen'try, n. iso. se'parate, v. da nikpa, l9to, hari, wa. s9to, ya, yakpa. kpala, ya shar'er,K. adi9kpii), alabakpiq, se'parately, adv. loto, soto. aladi9ni, odiuwa, olukpiq. se'parateness, n. oto. sharp, a. mii, goi)go. separa'tion, n. Sya, iyakpa. sharp'en, v. gbe, kpori, kpoi)mu. se'pvilchre, n. ibodii.
.
. . . . .
shame'less, a. 9dadiu, aitidiu. shan'ty, n. ag6. shape, n, awo. share, n, itori. share, v. kpiij, ^e-adiokpiij,
v.
dadza.
bdio.
orao,
sharp 'ly,
omodo, shave,
v.
adv.
n.
ser'pent,
ikoko.
n. n.
sharp'ness,
se'cret,
a.
serv'ant,
iraij^e.
fa,
se'cretly, adv.
nikoko.
SHE
she, jiron. sheaf, n,
i,
124
shriek, n. ke gore. shrilly, adv. goro. shrink, v. soi)ki.
shri'vel,
i*.
SLE
sing'er,
sin'gle,
ioio.
re.
6,
(5i),
6.
akoijrig, olorig.
okaij, nikaq.
nikaij, nikai) ioio,
idi, iti.
a.
shear,
shears,
v.
re, rer6r).
sin'gly, adv.
shear'er,
.
n.
olurer9i).
soqki.
a.
alumagadii.
ak9.
r,
shri 'veiled,
mu,
re.
ri
to
sheath, shed, V.
wd
. . .
to
shed blood,
shroud, shroud,
re.
ag9.
fi
(/round, w61.
V.
ago we.
.
sinless,
ta, tadze, ta
sile.
sheep,
taq.
re.
^gutaq.
n.
lese. shuck, re. ef'oi), fiilufulu. ri sk, soijki, sin'ner, V. fa shun, sehiij,
. .
re.
ele^e.
sheep 'fold,
sheet,
shelf,
shell,
kara.
. n.
re.
agbo or
ile
agu-
yakpasile.
sip,
V.
fere.
re.
shut,
V.
gogowu.
kpekpe. kpekpe, ikpekpe,
v.
re.
shut
kii-
(in), a.
re. re.
sis'ter,
sit, w.
arabiri.
:
dioko
to sit
down,
fidi-
shut'ter,
shut'tle,
bal5.
ige.
re.
9k9.
sick,
dabobo, radobo.
abd.
n.
V.
saisaij,
r5q
ibi,
ikpo.
shel'ter,
son, abiroi).
efa,
mefa.
shel'ter,
shel'terless,
aibo.
rSq.
silo.
re.
mefefa.
shep'herd,
she'riffj n.
re.
oluio-Agutar).
sick'ness,
side,
re.
re.
tetn.
shield,
re.
sieve,
siege,
sift,
I',
shin,
re.
odzugoij.
raij, ta,
re.
id6, isagati.
kii, se.
skein, ske'leton,
skill,
re.
m.
iko.
re.
cguguij.
shine,
ship,
v.
mo, m9l6,
tl.
tag,
er9.
taijinole, taqsaij,
re.
sift'er,
re.
k9i)k9so, ase.
5ko.
re.
i.
sigh,
oloka.
ef9ko, ifoko.
re.
imi edSij.
sigh,
V.
re.
mi
edoij.
skim,
skin,
to
f.
re.
re.
sight,
sign, re.
ara.
f9.
shoal,
ami,ise;
v.
w.
V.
shock,
awo.
si'lence,
si'lence,
fo. skip, Ienum6. skip'per, re. idii]. kpa adiiij, adziqdiiij, skull, re. agbari.
.
. .
shoe'maker,
bata.
re.
ara^bata, oni-
sky,
re.
orui).
re.
sky 'light,
slack,
a.
ikoro,
odiukpo.
shoot,
hqj)
:
V.
d|,
Me.
so.
:
to
silk,
re.
saijyari, seda.
re.
slack'ened, v. slack'en, v. to
slack'ness,
.
to
slacken one's
takpe.
silk'worm,
sil'lily, adv.
tumbu.
botiboti.
sil'liness,
. . .
re.
awere, iwere.
kuru, se
silly,
sarai).
a.
slam, slam,
I',
re.
slein'der,
re.
re.
gbagada. dulumo.
v.
kukuru.
sil'ver,
sil'ver,
daka.
v.
fadaka sub9.
re.
slan'der, baruko
fa-
ba
. .
die,
re.
gba
lorukodie, . dfilumo.
.
shot'-pouch, re. mayami. should, aux. ba, iba. shoul'der, n. cdzika. shoul'der-blade, . oko. shout, V. ho, hokuij, k9.
sil'versmith,
si'milar,
a.
alagbede
slan'derer,
slap,
n.
v.
re. re.
abanidie.
abara.
faramo.
n.
slap,
slate,
simi'litude,
awdraij.
. .
labara.
sim'mer,
v.
gbara.
alai-
slave,
shouting,
shove,
V. r.
re.
iho:
shouting
loudhj, killiu.
r6i], suij.
fi
. . .
slave'dealer,re.
ateru,teruteru.
eleru.
er<i.
shew,
diure.
haij,
fi
mb, sin,
sin,
h&e.
V.
sho^w,
n.
oso.
re.
showing,
sho-w'er,
ifih&r).
since, sincer'ity,
si'ne-w,
re.
alsetaij.
slay, V. kpa. slay'er, re. onikpa. sleek, a. dai). sleek'ness, re. adai).
sleep, sleep,
re.
n.
9wara, wara.
isai).
idzika,odz(iorur),orinj.
sui),
sing,
11.
k9Q,
wi.
koijrii).
V.
togbe.
aisup.
singe,
V.
sleepless,
a.
SLE
sleep V)
sleepy).
"
125
SPE
soot,
n.
o!) koi)mi (/
alukpayida,
idai).
am smo'ther,
smug'gle,
v.
V.
fiij.
dzakdwS.
tB
. .
.
yabode.
soothe, V.
sop, V. rq-Q. n. a, sor'cerer, n. oko. slen'der, egui). foi),gigo, g9,gb6ro, snag, sore, n. egbo, odzu. tere, tiriij. snail, . igbiq, ikpere, okoto. slen'derness, n. eii. snake, n. edio, manamana, sore, a. gbekaij. sor'rovr, w. aro, idaro, anu. owoi), sebe. sley, n. asa.
sleight,
n.
smut,
n.
adu, diakawd.
slide,
V. V.
bo.
snap, v.
da
. .
.
s4,
s4ki:
sor'rOTvful,
sor'ry,
a.
a.
oniiora, aland.
slight,
kodia,
fi
gers, taka.
kfinu.
oloriori, oniruru.
. . .
dzafara.
snap 'ping,
io.
n.
iti.
sort, n.
slightly, adv.
snare,
sUng,
sling,
slip,
V.
fi,
gbSij.
eku, sort, V. l9to. yai), ya sor'tilege, n. ibo. gboro, ikekuq, ikpeti, mate.
obur) dide, ege,
v.
n.
n.
k^nakana.
ho,
i\,
V.
yo.
daij,
snatch, snatch,
yo.
dza, takpa.
idiakpati.
soul,
n.
n. a.
V.
okai).
oliui).
n.
slip'pery,
slit, V.
la.
a.
v.
da
v.
kpara.
sneeze,
geregere.
V. v.
sir).
aifo, dida.
ta
to
slope,
n.
s6i)m6.
hoijrur),
igi
sloping,
sloth, n. sloth'ful,
a.
l)|re.
afara, ole.
a.
n. n.
V.
imo.
(asleep),
iqi)-
dera, oiiilora.
oboi).
as4i'a.
SOI) mo.
slo'ven,
a.
snufi^
soup,
sour,
n.
a.
obe.
slo'venly,
arfu.
boi).
snuffers,
so, adv.
w.
irena.
kaq.
slow,
a.
diafara, lora.
kpele, kSke.
^fara.
gege.
soak, soap,
v.
fi
bo,
fi
bomi,
re.
n.
o^e.
ra, fo.
source, n. idi. sour'ness, n. ekaq. south, n. giisu. south'^ward, adv. niba or siha
gi\su.
goigoi, tiko.
aigbo, aiye.
soar, V. so'ber,
sober).
a.
odzu re
n.
\val| {he is
sovr,
V.
{qi), fqi)
sti.
.gbii), foqru-
slum'ber,
sly'ness, small, a.
kini,
n. n.
togbe.
ayo^e.
gbig, gbii),
so'bemess,
wewe,
ki-
airckodia.
kere, were,
:
soci'ety,
n. n.
egbe.
iho-itebo.
sow'er, n. space, M.
spa'cious,
af9i)rugbiq.
afo, aye, ofurufu. a.
^okoto
alaye, laye.
akere.
kibiti.
.
kekere, kikini.
a.
dS,
de,
fule,
n.
^akpan4.
ogero.
V.
ta.
soft'en,
mu
de or
spade, n. okqgnx). span, V. gbair. igbani. kpere, span, n. Span'iard, n. Aguda. da ... si, da r9. spare, v.
kui)
. . .
silS,
smat'ter, v. smat'terer,
he
n.
so.
soft'ly, adv.
fulefule, r6ra.
sil.
alalieso.
soft'ness, n.
soil, n.
ill.
smear,
v.
kurj.
smell, V. gborui). smell, 11. orui). smelling-bottle, n. akoso. smelt, V. kpd, kporiq. smelt'er, n. akporiij, olukporii). smile, V. reiir) wcsi. smite, V. kolu, lu, ^a.
so'joum, V. so'joumer,
sol'dier, n.
atikpo.
dai)kare,
oguij.
spar'row,
goqse.
awd,
itu,
olo-
adzaguij,
dzakare, dzama,
omo
speak,
spear,
V.
sole, n.
sole, a.
atelese.
n.
5k9.
q]qkb.
akai)se.
9kaQ, nikag.
nikaq.
r9ii6.
n.
spear'man,
special'ity,
spe'eies,
n.
n.
n.
ini.
sole'ly, adv.
ar6.
so'lemn, a. solem'nity,
solid,
k4i).
a.
irono.
speck'les,
n.
eta.
sfetu.
efi, .fii),"cfiij.
le, kiki.
speckle,
v.
SOTXi.e,pron.
a\voijk4i),die,melon.
elefiq.
daij,
fele,
felefele,
some'thing,
kini.
kuiia, tediu.
some 'times,
felefele. '
adv.
nigbakflgba.
nibikaij.
speech,
spell,
V.
n.
ohui), edc.
smooth, V. smoothly,
fele.
dai), te fele.
some'where,
son,
fele-
adv.
ka.
na,
adv.
n.
n.
91119,
omokoqri.
spend,
V.
nawo.
smooth'ness,
i'dinj,
nisisiyi.
SPI
spi'der,
eleno.
n.
126
stag'ger,
v.
STR
still, V.
still, adv.
alantakug, alaqsasa,
tagboi)gb9i).
kpa
r9ro.
spike,
n,
iio, ekai).
ta,
spill, V.
ta
. . .
silS,
yidanS.
iraijwu.
stag'geringly, adv. katakata. stag'nant, a. gboku. stag'nate, v. gboku. loso. stain, V. kpa
. . .
sibB.
still'ness, n.
stilts, n.
n.
V.
idakeroro.
gagalo.
ita, eta.
sting,
sting,
stain,
n.
abaw6i), ibuw6ij.
ailabaw9i]. akas6.
ikasi,
a.
ta.
6mi.
stainless,
stair, w. stale, obu.
a.
stin'giness,
stin'gy, stink, V.
stir, V.
V.
n.
awoij.
spit,
V.
tu, tuto,
ie aviOi), w6r).
spite,
n.
iwosi.
a.
bu,
rui), sayai].
spite'fUl,
koro, soro.
n.
spite'fulness,
spit'tle, n.
arapkai).
stalk,
it9.
eiiii].
stall, n.
stir'ring, n.
stir'rup,
n.
alukembu, oko-asa.
splin'ter, n.
split, V.
be
V.
akololo.
.
t5
m9le.
to
ibuduro.
:
sto'maeh,
stand up,
n.
aiya.
spokes'man,
sponge, n. spoon, 11.
sibi.
n.
alagbas5.
kaijrikai).
standing,
gombo,
sta'ple, n.
ekp9i), ikpoi],
idigbaro, ogurodo.
stool,
n.
aga, akpoti.
aba.
sport,
spot,
V.
we.
abaw9r). Be . labawoi).
. .
star, n.
iraw9.
n.
n.
V.
starch,
stare,
start,
v. V.
6gi.
spot,
w6.
siloh.
stoop, V. bere, g9, tiri. stoop'ing, adv. ibere. dese, duro, di stop, V. the road, den a.
to stop
spotless, a. ailabawoi). ro, r6. sprain, v. fi spread, v. mukale, ta, tai)kale, t6. sprightly, a. ya. spring, V. huko, re, ru. spring, n. orisoij, isor). w6q, b6iniw6i), sprin'kle, v.
. . .
stop'per,
store,
n. M. m.
n.
edidi.
starve, v. starv'er,
kpa.
debikpa, febikpa.
n.
aba. ak9.
idzi.
irq.
adebikpani, afebi-
stork,
storm,
iwa.
is6,
state, n.
sto'ry,
ikpo.
n.
a.
sta'tion, w.
sta'tiu:e, n.
stout,
t6.
lara.
a.
iga.
straight,
bu.
woi), rodio.
n.
stay,
ibo-
V.
duro, kpe.
a.
sprin'kling,
abawoq,
staying,
stead,
n.
akpe.
a.
miw6ri, ibuwori.
ikpo.
sprout, . akpadahii, ehu, ekaq. sprout, V. ru, hii dzade. sprout'ing, n. atoijhu. spur, n. 9gai). spy, n. alami, ami, atSna, awoye,
ay9luwo, ayoniwo, kelekele.
stead'fast,
is aiyese.
stead'fastly, adv. sir), ^iqsiij. straight 'Avay, adv. eyitawiyi, stead'fastness, n. aiyese. logaij. steal, w. dzale, dza Ible, dzi, strain, v. ba, gba, se.
. . .
diindi.
strain'er,
n.
n.
ase,
ladiro,
oki-
stealth,
ay9se.
oru.
n.
elefiq.
ti
aro.
spy,
V.
rona.
n. .
steam,
awo.
ofb, 9kpalai.
n.
strait, M.
spy'-glass,
squalj'ble,
steam'er, steep, a.
asa-
strange,
olodzo.
a.
gorigqxj.
stran'ger,
adzedzi,
aledio,
square,
n.
{of a
house),
steer,
v.
kanile, sare.
stem,
step,
n.
n.
iokq. kukute.
squash,
n.
stench,
ayaq.
\qvqT).
stream,
See lar- street,
n.
isaq.
n.
igboro,
n.
v.
ita.
squeeze,
squint,
okere.
v.
v.
hi).
ren.
strength,
a.
agbara, okuij.
fodzukai) wo.
n.
ikoi),
stern,
soro, asoro.
n.
strength 'en,
lebirj.
mu
. .
le, ti
. .
squirrel,
keke, oforo,
steward,
stick,
n.
V.
iridiu.
ste-w'pan,
g<ii).
n.
kpakuta.
stretch,
v.
na, naga.
ena, ijk.
.
stab,
V.
igi.
sta'ble, n.
ile iso
or esiq.
stick,
kai3m9le, re.
stretch'ing, n. stre"w, V. fe
.
ka,
for).
stack,
n.
sti^
0I9-
stafi^ n.
okpa.
n.
a.
strict'ly, adv.
strife, n.
Ies9les9.
idia, ag95.
staff '-bearer,
kpaga.
9lokpa,
stiff'necked,
still, a.
a.
strike,
to
v.
d4,
lii,
lule,
ro,
ti
giii),
STR
da da da
. . .
121
with a sword, a stick, with the
. . .
SYR
odiidii.
m6
strike
;
sud'denness,
sue,
V.
fi
.
n.
sur'name,
surpass',
dia.
v.
n.
akpele.
bori, diil, re
.
lida nigi
strike with
strike
s5i), s6r),
su^.
to-
. .
fist,
diilese, diile^e, ki
nibende.
string, string,
V.
sii).
sur'plus,
n.
n.
v.
. .
iyokui).
suij, idii.
surprise',
surprise',
nidzi, ycl
n.
okiii], fina.
to.
fiij.
bdbudid, da
lenu.
. .
olokuq.
tu
. . .
suffocate,
. . .
laio, tu
su'gar,
n.
iyo-oibo,
stripe, n.
ina.
v. v.
. .
tuba.
bii
. .
ka,
.
fa
in6,
ro
gbakd,
striped,
strive,
stroll,
v.
abiE, etu.
a.
n.
ikpara.
. . .
yika.
^e, r6.
stripped,
v.
etu.
bade, ba
dia, 14kaka.
kill.
alariij kiri.
V.
stroll'er, n.
suit'able,
. .
strong,
inokur)
a.
:
kdka,
le,
lera,
le
sum'merset,
okiti
to
turn suspend',
fi
.
v.
. .
fi
.
ala-
a summerset, takete.
gbdra.
strongly,
strug'gle,
kakaraka.
awaya, idiakddi,
strug'gle, V.
ra.
strut,
yaij.
stub'ble,
n.
akekiii).
sun, n. oxMi). svm'rise, n. ili oruij. sun'set, n. iw6 oruij. sun'shine, n. irai) omij.
gbe suspi'cion, n. af9ra5m6. adidd^. suspi'cious, a. afura, fura. adv. didSq- suspi'ciously, adv. koikoi. lehii). sustain', v. ti bdia. s^wad'dle, v. gba
.
.
ti,
SAval'l0"w,
V.
S'wap,
V.
kpasikpar9.
n.
y6x).
v.
it..
S'warm,
swarm,
okp9vvom
in
superadd'ed, n. superintend', v.
tedzu.
awisi.
fodiuto, wo,
n.
S'warm,
keko.
sway,
abo- SAvear,
V. v.
f i.
superintend'ence,
diuwo, ibodiuwo.
adu- superintend'ent, n.
alafodiuto.
bura,
n.
fi
bu, ^ekpe.
alafiyesi,
SAvear'er, S"weat, n.
elekpe.
ogiii).
sweat,
are
:
V.
V.
lagui).
stu'pid,
a.
akui), okui),
akug- supe'rior,
rior, ^are.
w.
to
he supe-
S'weep,
gba:
;
house, gbale
stupidity,
stut'ter,
V.
n.
gigS. kololo.
akololo.
i(i,
stut'terer,
n.
superior'ity, . isare. gbal. superserip'tion, n. akole. s-weet, a. dSq. isiqkusiij, S'weet'ly, adv. supersti'tion, n.
ekokeko.
kauqkaui).
ase-al.
V.
kaijmukaijmu,
adidSq.
didSq,
edbi),
subdue', submit',
tuba.
V. V.
de ika\v6.
foribale,
forifui),
sup 'per,
n.
sweet'mieats,
lese.
n.
supplant',
v.
fi
. . .
Ail...
n.
S"weet'ness,
idoq.
n.
sub'stitute,
kpo.
likpo, gbi-
sup'plement,
ek6i).
sub'stitute,
n.
agbikpo.
sub'terfuge, n. sub'tlety, n.
gboi).
sup'pliant, n. onibfebe. sup'plicate, v. b, beb. awawi. supplica'tion, n. ebe, ibSbe. afebiijti. ero, ogboijko- support', n. lesupport', V. feliiijti, ti, tl
. . .
S'well,
S"wept,
S'wift,
a.
egbd.
yara, iyara.
.
a.
S'wift'ness,
iyara.
hii).
s^wim,
n.
V.
w6, luwS.
.
support'er,
fararo.
alafehiqti,
oni-
STvin'dle, f
re
die.
S"win'dler,
V.
n.
alayaqdie.
r5.
ofi.
suppose',
.
elede.
fi,
gba, gba
iru.
I9W0.
sviring,
.
.
V.
suppress',
.
v.
fi
molfe.
a.
9re, kpatire.
omu
se
fu.
sure,
da
n.
lodid.
a.
wiwu.
daku.
agbe, ida.
oyiij.
sud'den,
Ai\.
a.
odiidzi,
odii- sure'ty, n.
onigbowo.
odiu, ori. 4ono.
v.
sur'face,
lodiidii, kpa,
s'word,
n. n.
sud'denly, adv.
kperg.
surly,
a.
sy'rup,
surmoiuit',
b6ri.
TAB
ten'der,
ta'ble, n.
aga, itafo.
i^o.
128
a.
THU
thief, n.
ndi.
oronu, rd.
n.
\vqn-a.
6diikar), ole.
ten'demess,
tent,
n.
thiev'ishly,
adv.
diindi dii-
ag6.
tack,
n.
tail, n.
iru.
tailor,
n.
arariso.
tent, V. gbeg6. thigh, n. itai). tenth, num. kwa a tenth part, thin, a. bele, belebele, idamewa. fele. thine, jn-on. ter, tir^. te'pid. See lukewarm.
: :
fele, fele-
to
. .
take
. .
loh
iwui),kini, 5kar),ohur).
take up,^o.
think'ing,
third, num-. idamewa.
thirst,
thirst,
n.
V.
aba, iro.
termina'tion,
ofofo,
olofofo,
n.
atubotaip, ikii.
keta
a third part,
ter'rapin,
ter'rible,
n.
a.
origbe,
loflgbe.
a.
talk, da
talk,
V.
.
. .
s5,
s6ro
to talk about,
ter'ribleness,
ter'rify,
v.
|rn.
s8.
deruba, daiyafo.
ekpoi).
. . .
thirs'ty,
o^gbe gbe mi (/
n.
osb.
tes'ticle, n.
am
eridie,
thirsty).
talk'ative, a. ddnu, s6so. tes'tify, V. gba talk'atively, adv. kporokporo. lei'idze, dieleri.
. . .
talk'er,
tall, a.
n.
alaroye, alaso.
tes'timony,
n.
eri, idieri.
ga.
n.
tall'ness,
agogo, giga.
better
than
I,
thank, thank,
v.
dukpe, s9kpe.
tame, tame,
v.
sir),
tu
lodzu.
n.
a.
modzfi,
osiij,
rSdiu.
thank'ftilness,
n.
adukpe.
eyina, eyini.
tan'gled, a. tan'ner, n.
kiredze.
thankless,
that, pron. that, conj.
a.
aidukpe.
those, pron.
iwoni, woni.
iwo,
o, o.
alawS.
lik, ni,
thou, pron.
V.
ki,
kpe, nikpe.
bolebole.
though,
. .
.
conj.
am6kp6,
bi,
bi
l9ra.
kpe.
n.
.
.
thatch, V. thatch'er,
akonisiie.
.
bole.
n.
tile.
thought,
olusaro.
n.
task'master,
V.
thaw,
V.
y6.
9, r5.
thought'ful,
saro,
asaro,
to, to
wo.
ofofo.
tat'tle,
V. v. V.
ioMo.
adakadeke,
k9, k9la.
ila.
tat'tler,
tmqij
tattoo',
them, pron.
tattoo', n.
themselves', ^rore.
then, adv. nigbanA. then, conj. nd;ie. thence, adv. tib5.
aw9i3 ni.
iwo.
tattoo'er,
n.
a.
o\6\k. onila.
owu.
119, ikil9.
tattooed',
n.
taught,
tax,
n.
a.
ak9tai5.
ow6bode.
ko, koni.
n.
thencefor'ward,
loh.
adv.
lati
ib
kilo, yaijhuij.
eta,
meta.
teach, V. teach'er,
koni.
meteta.
there, adv.
6hur).
ib,
mbe, nibS,
niha
sibS,
n.
v.
there'about, adv.
nitori r.
ibB,
ya.
kpaka.
omirig.
ro.
ite.
. . .
n.
9mu.
ro, robii), wl.
V.
thereafter,
adv.
leliii)
igba n4.
tell, V.
telling,
ero, iro.
tem'perance,
akparam9.
n.
ndze.
therein', adv.
\di\, efufn, nl4.
nin6
r|.
throvr,
nvfqj)y\,
v.
tem'pest, n. tem'ple, n.
these, pron.
;
ivfoxiyi,
tan5
. .
to
woqyi.
.iiidza.
(place of worship),
mim6.
they, pron.
thick,
a.
a\v9i),
nw9r), a.
thrush,
thrust,
n.
V.
eldlu.
tempt,
V.
dai)
w6.
kiw9b9, g6q.
thick'et,
n.
thickly,
adv.
thumb,
bo.
n.
atamkpako, igboroti.
thick'ness,
n.
thump,
V.
THU
thvin'der,
71.
129
toll, n.
TRO
he
ara.
owobode.
M.
was
transfigured,
ara
thun'der, v. ku, saq. thus, adv. baiii), belie. th^wart, V. hkhndia.. thy, pron. r6.
toU'-gate,
ibode,
n.
6na ibode.
kpada.
toll'-gatherer,
agbowode.
transgress',
refii),
v.
darai),
86rao,
nifiq, yiqfii}.
transgression,
w.
idaraij,
ire-
thyself, 2)ron.
tick,
n.
iwo
n&,.
tomb,
n.
lie
egboq.
f.
tickle,
ni.
ke
n.
legake, rig.
alarek6dia,
arufii).
tick'ling,
tid'ings,
ti'dy,
V.
tongue,
too, adv.
tool, n.
M.
ah6r), awoij.
translate',
v.
ro.
kpelu.
ela, ohui)
M.
ona.
eyii).
figdiu.
afiijdiu, eleye.
tooth,
:
n.
akoko, ebig,
n.
a.
ti'dy,
tie, V.
a.
di,
;
tooth'aehe,
iie
;
eliigdoij,
ra, s4i), so
tie
fo
to,
tooth'less,
n.
akayii).
:
trap,
n.
ebiti,
irii).
ege,
qiq^iqjj,
Bom6
foarfs,
deru
tie
a top,
oke, ori
a.
on
top, sori.
ik9ijkoso,
knot, sokpa.
tight, tight'en,
a.
le, di.
v.
fa
le.
agaqgai).
ike oro, or6.
tra'vail,
tra'vel,
v.
robi.
n.
v.
da
n.
tightly,
kpig.
till, conj.
till, V.
adv.
gb^mgbam,
titi,
kpoglodzu, siseoro.
torment'or,
digbati,
toni.
a^oro.
tor'toise,
n.
v.
TO, roko.
tor'ture,
to'tal,
a.
awog. da loro.
. . .
trea'dle, n.
itese.
till'er, n.
alaroko.
n.
.
tim'ber, time, n.
ewo,
flying,
iti, igi.
total'ity, n.
v.
. . .
ida, igba,
f9W9ba,
kai),
lara.
odio gfo
adj.
n.
time '-server,
ti'mid,
odiulafeni.
timidity,
tin, M.
trea'ty, tree, w.
?j.
ikpinu.
igi.
tovrards', prep,
kaq, ok9kar),
trem'ble, v. wa, wdriri. trem'bling, w. owariri. rirl. ikodzusi, lok9- trem'blingly, adv.
.
ti'midlj'', adv.
silia,
sikpa.
tre'mulously, adv.
iyara.
v.
tlti.
darai).
tin'der-bag,
tip, n.
n.
akpo-isana.
tovr'er,
n.
tress, w.
tri'al, n.
iwedze.
^01)80.
tip'pler, n.
omoti.
oti i)kpa
tip'sy,
tipsy).
a.
mi {I am
tip'toe, adv.
tire,
V.
tiro.
n.
idagwo.
n.
oligoi)
n.
V.
v.
tri'angle, tribe,
n.
meta.
t5na, t5se.
orilfe,
|ya.
tulasii).
n.
dasa.
a.
trad'er,
ij^e,
tired,
are
a.
gasa.
agalamada,
areker6-
tire 'some,
tithe, n.
ti'tle, n.
lare.
tradi'tion,
at6wod9W9,
.
itaq,
tri'er, n.
tri'fle, V.
amodie, oludaijwo.
diafara.
iijkar|kii)kai).
idamewa.
oniko.
de, fu,
fuij, si,
9W9dow9.
tradi'tioner,
S9do,
ti.
ar9kiij, ologbo.
tri'fle, n.
to, prep,
traffic,
traffic,
n.
V.
V.
nadza, sowo.
trig'ger, n.
n.
akerekere, ek6.
emetal9kai).
toast,
n.
sui), yai).
n.
tobac'eo,
dzuku.
n.
;
taba
bacco, akira
ibale, ikpa.
k9so.
ara.
iiqi),
tSkpa, tose.
to.
trip, n.
train,
n.
v.
tripe,
alafihaij, edilS, oni-
n.
a.
^aki.
tobac'conist,
to-day',
toe,
n.
alasara.
trai'tor,
n.
tri'ple,
meteta.
v.
loni, oni.
:
kukpani.
toe,
tri'umph,
v.
t|,
.
sogo, yo.
omose
great
ikpori
tram'ple,
.
a.
metal9kai).
little toe,
omodig.
adv.
dio,
. .
sile,
tSmo, t
a.
v.
m61B.
toge'ther,
kp5.
toil, n.
diumo, tran'quil,
rq\\, toro.
ise ikpa.
tran'quillize, transact', v.
mu
r9l.
9w6.
v.
ro, t6,
y9
lenu.
n.
wahala,
iie,
iyonu,
irobi-
se.
odiukp9i),
idzaba,
to'ken,
n.
v.
igbowo.
transcend',
si.
v.
diil, bori,
v.
kodia.
.
nodie,
adzaba,
idanilodzu,
idanilara,
to'lerate, 17
dekug
transfi'gure,
kpara
..d^
abadio.
TRO
trou'bled,
a.
130
UNH
unco'ver, v. si. tmcul'tivated, a.
ixncut', n.
aisA.
diowere, kolelS.
u.
udder,
m.
yonu.
airo.
omu.
n.
aike,
aikpa,
airf,
aber9.
n.
ug'liness,
;
iburu odzu.
tro"w'sers,
ent kinds
sokoto
differ-
ugly,
a.
burn,
ko
dara.
are
called,
abenu- ul'cer, n.
itaijkpara.
v.
efa, iyegbe.
ul'oerate,
taijkpara.
aibo, alaibo.
umbrella,
lot6, nitoto,
rui).
n.
ailabaw9i).
labe, nisal|.
truly, adv.
l6tito,
una'ble,
n.
alle,
ko
le.
underneath', *prep.
isall, nisalS.
abe, labe,
trum'pet, n. trum'peter,
kpe.
ikp6.
n.
unaccep'ted,
afoqnia, awor),
a.
aigb&.
a.
onikp6,
unaccom'modating,
asaw9q.
aise-
trunk,
trust,
n.
akpoti.
n.
V.
igbekele, igbo.
unaceom'pcinied, a. unaccom'plished, a.
aikpii).
aisiq.
aiset^ij,
trust,
da
.
lawir),
gbekele,
gbokaijle.
trustee',
agbatodiu.
truth,
n.
truth'ful,
dod6.
ailabula.
truthless,
try, tu'ber,
V.
a.
. . .
ailot6, ai8ot8.
daij
wo, r6dzu.
n.
eta.
unani'mity, n. ohui] kaij. tu. luido', V. una'nimous, a. lohuij kaij. a. aisojgmo, undone', a. aise, abadie. unapproaeh'able, undoubt'edness, a. ai^iyealais9r)mo. medzi. unasked', a. aikpe.
undress',
v.
understood', a. ayet4i). imdertake', v. dawole. undertak'er, n. adawole. undeserv'ed, a. aidie, aidzebi. vmde'viating, a. aiyakpa. imdiscern'ing, a. ainiyeno. undis'ciplined, a. aiko.
unavail'ing, a. asaij, lasai). tum'ble, V. togedeijgbe. owe. n. unbar', v. tii, si. wiwu, tu'mor, w. gidigini, irukeriido, unbelief, n. aigbagbo, aigb6, tu'mult, to make a turukeriido, irulu aigborai).
:
bo aso
aikfi.
IS.
mult, r9keke.
tune,
n.
n.
orii).
tu'nic,
alukasafa,
kukumo.
... da,
imdy'ing, unea'sy, a, daro. uneat'ableness, n. aidze. unbeliev'er, n. alainigbagb8. une'ducated, a. aiko. unbeliev'ing, a. k6 se igbagb6, unembar'rassed, a. aidamu. unendu'rableness, n. aikpe. alaigbagb6. une'qual, a. aisegbe. unbelov'ed, a. aife, alaife. kabakaba, une'venly, adv. unbid'den, a. aikpe.
unblest',
a.
v.
a.
ySra,
yi,
yi
alaibukoi).
yaijyai), sakisaki.
unbri'dle,
unbuilt',
tu ni idiano.
a.
aif6.
unbro'ken,
a.
tut
interj.
si6
aik6.
a.
ekedzila.
edzila, medzila.
ogui).
unfeigned', a. unfin'ished, a.
unfit', a.
alaiye.
V.
tii.
aisetaij.
asekuij,
ti.
aniani.
. . .
unfold',
lemedii.
tu
Iew9i).
unehange'able,
flijiiq,
a.
wiri-
aiyikpada, aidiyat9.
airitele.
ainidi.
kede.
alaileso, sekp9i).
unoha'ritable,
n.
n.
V.
a.
alfeni, alai-
tvrin,
edzire, ibodzi.
okui)
tiririij.
feni.
unfulfilled', a.
n.
aifeni.
aise.
t'wine,
t'wine, t-win'kle,
tAwist,
we,
V.
. .
k4.
v.
inT).
uncha'ritableness, uneir'eumeised, a.
alaik9la.
unga'thered,
ungrate'ful,
a.
aiko.
afibikpore, afo,
aik9la,
a.
alaimSre, foresigi.
twinkling,
we
.
a.
saij.
koko,
kpo.
18.
keredzo,
rar),
t'wist'ed,
a.
tvro, numb,
edii,
medzi.
uneircumci'sion, n. alaik9la. unclean', n. aimo. unclean'ness, n. aifd. unclothed', a. aibora. unconcern', n. aibere, aikiyesi. uncorrupt'ible, a. aidibadie,
alaidibadzc.
luiguard'ed, a. luihap'piness,
aiso.
n.
adzaba.
aisiyeme-
UNH
unho'nored,
ainiyii).
131
unright'eous,
aisododo.
a.
VER
alaisododo,
.
a.
ailola, alaibla,
urge, V. u'rinate,
u'rine,
n.
ro, t6.
v.
t&.
unhook',
unhiirt',
V.
tu.
unright'eousness,
dodo.
airel.
aiso-
ato, it&.
a.
aikpaMra.
a.
us, pron.
a.
awa, wa.
elo.
16.
unhum'bled,
unripe',
egaijra^, aigb6.
use, use,
n.
V.
use'less,
a.
aXidb.
u'sual,
a. n.
okporo.
elo, oliug il6.
aiye.
n.
td
uninteUigibil'ity,
aiye.
unintend'ed, a. uninvit'ed, a.
u'nion,
n.
aikpete.
imshel'tered, a. xmskil'fulness, n.
alaimose.
ni gari. alaibo.
.
uten'sil,
ut'terance,
n.
if5.
alailogbog,
ut'terly, adv.
eusu.
aikpe.
aiwakiri.
alaile.
V.
va'canoy,
va'cant,
a.
v.
u'nison,
u'nit, n.
oldhuijkaj).
oka^.
V.
m.
6fo. ofo.
unite',
bad^kpS, da
kp5- unsubdued',
a.
aise, aisegui].
va'cillate,
duragudu.
va'gabond,
n.
u'niverse,
n.
agbaiye.
tu.
titi.
until', conj.
untilled',
to.
a.
igbdro.
sikpa,
vain, n. gberaga, lasai), ^efefe. vain'ly, adv. lasai). vale, n. koto, diig9i)r9r), ofonisod9.
un'to, prep,
See
fodzi.
unkind' a. unknOAvn',
unla-w'ful,
aisenia, aiseuij.
a. o.
aimd, em6.
ailofii).
unlearned,' a. unleav'ened, a.
unless',
conj. sebi, bikose,
alalko.
idiig9i5ror),
a.
koto 6ke.
oliye.
itoye, iye.
fi
. . .
va'lue,
V.
sai),
kpo
iye.
aiwd.
afibi,
unwar'ranted,
ayai)-
n.
van'guard,
va'nish, va'nity,
v.
n.
kelekele.
afi,
adas9.
di ofo.
bikosokpe.
un^washed', a.
iui"weir,
a.
aif5,
aiwe.
n.
asaq.
v.
unlike',
a.
akiio.
aisai).
unli'mited, a. unlov'ing, a.
ainikpekuq.
aife.
unmade',
a.
aida.
tiko.
aife.
:
van'quish, va'por, n.
va'rianee,
nikposi.
^e,
^egug.
to set
.
oru, ikuku.
n.
iyakpa
.
at
. .
an unwise
alail9gb9r),
variance, yaij
nikpa, yai)
ailogb9i),
alaigbo^.
vari'ety,
a.
aileri.
riori.
n.
imvrit'nessed,
aiye.
vaunt,
V.
sogo, sefefe.
unnvun'bered, unobserv'ing,
unoffend'ed,
a.
a. a.
ainiye.
aikiyesi.
alaiye. vinyield'ingness, n.
aigbo,
aibin6.
vehement'ly,
lori.
adv.
ti.
unprepared',
a.
a.
a.
aimura.
alailere.
unpro'fitable,
unproved', duro, unquench'able, n. adzooku. ro, te. gbe luiquench'ableness, . aikii. uphold'er, n. olugbeduvo. unreaped', a. ais4. ven'geance, n. upon', prep, le, lovi, lori, sori. a. ai- up'permost, adv. loke. imrea'sonable, aito, ve'nom, n. ov6. leke,
aileri.
. .
up, prep. leke, loke, soke, wi. upbraid', v. ba V. dimu, gbe uphold',
. . .
. .
veil, n.
ibodiu.
diana.
up'right,
a.
ve'nomous,
ven'ture, n. vera'city, n.
a.
oloro.
ida^e.
otit9.
.
.
sai),
sii),
sir)-
unrege'nerate,
unreli'able,
wada.
a.
a.
ait9i3bi.
up'roar,
irulu.
n.
4riwo, gidigini, id
Ak.
loke.
iru,
afinSsadiere.
a.
ver'min,
V. V.
n.
unrepent'ing,
xmrepiy'ing,
a.
aironokpi- uproot',
.upset',
aidie.
up '-ward, adv.
dzil,
VES
ves'sel,
n.
132
WHE
wa'ter-course,
odo.
n.
w.
.
odo,
ikpa
vex,
V.
ba.
iiin6die,
bi
nino, nilara.
vexa'tion,
irukpekpe.
ti.
ibadze,
ibino,
"wad, "wad,
n.
V.
wa'ter-melon,
wat'tle, wat'tle,
V.
n.
guna, bara,
b&.
tolo.
vexed,
vi'al, n.
a.
binodie,
riin6.
wade, V. wag, V.
n.
redi.
wave,
n.
irumi, tere.
a.
okpdiaba.
n.
otiie.
vici'nity,
vic'tor, n.
olu^ete.
n.
vic'tuals,
ondie.
vie^w,
vile,
a.
V.
wd.
abesc.
alebu.
wa'ges, n. owose, oya. wa'gon, n. kekeru. wail, V. kpobui) rere. wailing, n. ohui) rere. wait, V. digbaro, duro.
wa'vering,
Avav'ingly,
ic wele.
adv.
wele.
wax, way,
n. n.
ida, Sda.
6na, ikpa.
n.
way'layer,
alabamole.
k.
wake,
ileto,
V.
dii, tadii.
vl'lifier, n.
village,
n.
6gure, ileko,
ilukedii.
awa,
alailera,
elekerede,
villager, n. ara ilu, ari il6ko. vln'dicate, v. gbidi^. vindioa'tion, n. egbe, igbera. vindi'oatlve, a. aibro. vine, n. okui) (a term applied to all running and climbing
plants).
modi.
a.
Tvalled,
olodi.
weak'ly, adv. hente. weak'ness, n. ailera. wealth, n. q]h, orb. wealth'y, a. q\oTo.
asuijwoi), okete.
wean,
wear,
. . .
v.
dia
n.
kpafo.
kiri, riq.
w^ea'pon,
v.
el6.
:
-wbiq
to
wear
out, 16
n.
akiri, alariijkiri,
gbo.
lare.
ele,
wan'dering,
kiri, kakiri.
a.
akiri.
kiri,
wea'ried, a. wea'riness,
kiri-
n.
agara.
. .
kpati.
wan'deringly, adv.
fukefuke,
tar)-
vl'olently,
tai5, titl.
adv.
want,
V.
Be alainl.
da
n.
laga, r&,
sfi.
lare.
odio.
violin',
n.
duru.
a^edid.
:
weave,
v.
w6i), w6i)80.
n.
which caus-
weav'er,
wed'ding,
alakele,
awoq^o
vi'per,
n.
n.
vir'gin,
war, adiagiiqsil^.
V.
war,
diagup.
a.
v.
v.
ibi-iyawo.
virginity,
vis'cid,
a. a.
iwa wundia.
ik.
vis'cous,
vi'sible,
mo, em6, a.
h^i).
warm, warm,
warn, warp, warp,
wart,
gbona, ya.
rana, ya, yana, y^ra.
Wlo.
ir6.
V.
ro.
n.
v.
ose.
sokui).
elekuij.
ekuij.
a.
n.
V.
vi'sibly, adv. ni gbaqgba. vi'sion, n. inaij, iraij, odiurai). be vi'sit, V. w6, kesi, wo.
. . .
taso.
n. edi.
weep'er, n. weep'ing, n.
war'rior,
n.
V.
adiagui), ologuij.
weigh, V. weight, n.
w&i), ^iwoi).
o^uwoq.
riijriq.
vi'siting, visita'tion,
vi'sitor, n.
n.
abodiuwd.
n.
wash,
awoni.
bo,
f5,
we,
^i
;
ab5w6, ibSwo.
bodiu
no wash
.
to
the
akesi, alakesi, n.
well
well,
alagbafo,
n.-
(it is),
adv.
siaij,
suaq.
viva'city, iyari. vi'vidly, adv. saij. vo'cal, a. olohnq. voca'tion, n. ise. voice, n. ohnq. void, a. ofo, asaq. void, V. so dasai).
.
washed,
onifo.
awend.
wash'erwoman,
wasp,
n.
V.
adv.
wen,
agboi).
gege, koko.
waste,
da
no,
fi
sofo,
sofo, tafala.
voluntary,
vo'mit, vo'mit,
vovr,
n.
V.
a.
wast'er, n. wast'ed, a.
4wan5.
adano,
fo.
n.
V.
ebi.
bi,
waste 'fulness, n.
. . .
borukonu.
vora'ciousr,
a.
watch, watch,
V.
n.
west, n. atiwo-ornij, yama. "west'ward, adv. niha yama. wet, a. tutu. wet, V. rii), w6. weth'er, n. ogufe. wet'ness, n. itutu. whale, n. ablinibutai). wharf, n. ebute.
ileri.
VOW,
re.
ieleri.
71.
vul'ture,
akala,
igiii),
tente-
watch'er, n. ohiso. watch'fulness, n. isora. watch 'man, n. eso. watch'-to"wer, n. ore. wa'ter, n. omi, odo. wa'ter, v. riq.
what,
kinla.
pron.
biti,
e,
ew6,
ki,
what else ?
botori.
adv.
ambosiij,
am-
whate'ver,
wheat,
n.
WHE
wheel,
n.
133
wild'cat, n. akata, agb6. wil'derness, a. agaqdivl,
diu, idiu.
Awild'fo^w^l, re. eiye igbe. will, aux. ,, 6, 8, ba, die.
YE
wood,
agii)re.
keke.
nigba, nigbati, ni-
igi.
when,
adv.
ti.
wood'en
leg,
re.
aggere.
gbawo?
whence,
niboti.
adv.
bi,
nibiti,
nibo,
where,
biti,
adv.
da, ibo,
libisi,
nitl.
will,
re.
ife.
wood'pecker, re. akoko. woof, n. ita, okuku. wool, re. iroi) agutaq. word, n. gbolohui), 5ro.
i^e. work, ^iie, work, work'man, re.
re.
iJ.
wil'ftilness,
"wil'ling,
a.
n.
amo^e.
furafura.
whereas',
adv. adv.
nibi,
wil'fully, adv.
fe,
whereby',
bibawo.
nitorind.
nibikibi.
.
die.
tinotino.
oni^e.
adv.
whet,
mu.
V.
whe'ther,
conj.
e,
bi, yala.
which,
yisi.
pron.
adv.
ewo, kelo,
ti,
while,
nigba, nigbati.
whip, whip,
n.
V.
ile ise. work'shop, v^orld, n. aiye, araiye. win, V. lako. wind, n. afefe, efufu. worm, re. arori, edion6, ekolo, kokoro. wind, V. ka dawii, k4we, kawu, wem6 to wind together, wekp6. OT-orm'eaten, a. adzu. wrin'do^w, n. ferese. worse, a. ke. isiij. wind'pipe, re. igoijgo-ofoi). wor'ship, wing, re. akpa, akpa-iye. wor'ship, V. bo, bogi, foribale, wink, V. fodiukpe, ^ediu. hari, sir), te, wari.
re.
:
wil'lingly, adv.
re.
win'no'W, v.
nowed away,
fe, fe
n5
win-
wor'shipper,
re. re.
olusii).
afend.
worth 'iness,
wipe
off,
eye.
n6 worth'less, a. ijkaijkirika^. Avorth'y, a. ye. ^vhirl'-wind, n. idi\. "would, aux. ba, die. "wis'dom, re. ogb6i). whis'per, v. sorodiedie, soro- wise, a. am6diil, mSraQ, am6- "Wound, 11. farakpa, kpa lara, kele. r&rj, sd, ^a rai), olum5r45, gb6g, ologboc, logbe. "whis'perer, n. "wound, re. ogbe. asorodiedie, oloye. asOTokele. adv. fi "wran'gling, re. asS, asftkpd. wise'ly, ogboijgbor), whis'tle, n. akpala. "wrap, V. fi we, gba. ogb6i). whis'tle, V. sufe. "wrath, re. ibin6. wish, v. fe. "white man, n. ambo, oib6, wisp, re. iti. wreath, re. mariwo.
kpori.
wipe,
. . .
V.
fa,
n5
to
ilori.
nS.
oyibo.
witch,
n.
alala, fifu, fofu,
re.
adi6,
oso.
re.
wrest,
V.
16.
white'ness,
ifui), t41a.
whi'ther, adv. nibo. whit'lo^w, n. atafo. "who? ^rora. ta? tani? who, whoe'^ver, pron. enikeni ti.
with, prep,
kpelii,
t\.
bd,
ti.
. . .
wres'tle, i). dzakadi. wres'tling, re. idia, idzakadi. wrig'gle, V. se owere. wrig'gler, re. oniwere.
kpad&.
wring,
ii.
16.
^vrin'kle,
v.
kiwedie.
whole,
n.
"whol'ly, adv.
^aka, tefet^fe,
kpatakpata, kpi,
ti
.
. .
ti.
withhold',
hli).
daku;), fa
. .
se-
akowe.
i& owere.
whoop,
V.
wrhy, adv.
eie, etiie,
writhe,
v.
re.
ewo.
owfi.
wick,
n.
"wick'ed,
a.
wick'edly, wick'edness,
within', prep. nin6, tin6. without', a^;. lode, lehiij. without', prep, laini. withstand', adv. do 16na,
. . .
writ'ing,
rubutu, ikowe.
alait6.
alai^oto.
re.
kodiudia.
ika,
odi.
aisot6.
iburn,
eleri, erf.
alawikd,
ifoe
aronikd,
wide,
a.
gbagba, gboro.
Y.
:
unto
thee,
yam,re.
g^dn,
isu,
abadie,esu^vI,gudu-
wo'man,
v.
re.
obiri, obiijri.
igaijgai).
wid'en,
w^omb,
re.
z;.
in 6.
yard,
.
re.
isaboti.
"won'der,
yanu.
yam,
iyanii.
ow<i.
y4i).
won'der,
re.
emo,
re.
aya, abileko.
igbe,
ti
won'derfiil,
g4sa, kpa.
gbodogi.
eijyii), e, nyi, nyii) ijyig.
wild,
a.
igbe.
woo,
V.
fe.
YEA
yea, adv. year, n.
year'ly,
anl, kpelukpelu.
134
yield'ing,
a.
ZEP
yourself, p-o. iwo n4. youth, n. balaga, ewe, ikpere,
okpekpe.
lohug,
1M.
ajidk,
a.
od<ii).
od9dufl.
lododuij.
yoke, yoke,
n.
V.
adiaga.
di
li
adiaga.
eyip.
bhxa),
yearly,
adv.
yore,
n.
lailai.
yes, adv.
heyi, oha:).
behe
ni,
e,
eyi, he,
yovLfpron.
iwo; pi.
titoij.
nyi, nyig.
zeal,
M.
itara,
igbona.
yoiing,
ana, lana.
a.
zeal'ot,
n.
onitara.
6ru ana.
sugbdq.
deku^i, r6.
youn'ger, a. aburo. young'est,n. abikebijg. young'ster, n. balaga. your, pron. iwo, r ^/.
;
e^yi^,
ze'nith,
n. .
katari, akatari.
bfe.
teijyijg.
ze'phyr,
EREATA
186
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