Flanges General For Dummies

FLANGES GENERAL FOR DUMMIES
It might be helped for the Engineers who are not eligible in certain fucking place
FLANGES GENERAL
A flange is a method of connecting pipes, valves, pumps and other equipment to form a piping system. It also provides easy access for cleaning, inspection or modification. Flanges are usually welded or screwed. Flanged joints are made by bolting together two flanges with a gasket between them to provide a seal. Pipe flanges are manufactured in all the different materials. Some flanges are made of cast and ductile iron, but the most used material is forged carbon steel and have machined surfaces.
TYPES OF FLANGES
The most used flange types in Petro and chemical industry are:

All
Welding Neck Flange Slip On Flange Socket Weld Flange Lap Joint Flange Threaded Flange Blind Flange types except the Lap Joint flange are provided with a raised flange face.
SPECIAL FLANGES
Except the flanges, which are mentioned above, there are still a number of special flanges such as:
Orifice Flanges Spectacle Blinds (part of flange connection) Spades and Ring Spacers (part of flange connection) Long Welding Neck Flanges Weldoflange / Nipoflange Expander Flange Reducing Flange
If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough. Albert Einstein
MATERIALS FOR FLANGES

The most common materials used in flanges produced is carbon steel, stainless steel, cast iron, aluminium, brass, bronze, plastic etc.. In addition, flanges, like fittings and pipes, for specific purposes sometimes internally equipped with layers of materials of a completely different quality as the flanges themselves, which are "lined flanges". The material of a flange, is basically set during the choice of the pipe, in most cases, a flange is of the same material as the pipe. All flanges, discussed on this website fall under the ASME en ASTM standards, unless otherwise indicated. ASME B16.5 describes dimensions, dimensional tolerances etc. and ASTM the different material qualities.
DIMENSIOS OF FLANGES
Each flange according to ASME B16.5 has a number of standard dimensions. If a draftsman in Japan or the work preparer in Canada or a pipefitter in Australia is speaking about a Welding Neck flange 6"-150#-S40 according to ASME B16.5, then it goes over the flange which in the image here below is shown.
If the flange is ordered, the supplier want to know the material quality. For example ASTM A105 is a forged carbon steel flange, while A182 is a forged stainless steel flange. So, in a correct order to a supplier two standards must be specified:
Welding Neck flange 6"-150#-S40-ASME B16.5 / ASTM A105.
BOLTED FLANGE CONNECTIONS

A bolted flange connection is a complex combination of many factors (Flange, Bolts, Process, Temperature, Pressure, Medium).
All these various elements are interrelated and depend upon one another to achieve a successful result. The reliability of the flanged joint depends critically upon competent control of the joint making process.
Quoting from John H. Bickford's book, "An Introduction to the Design and Behavior of Bolted Joints":
That all important clamping force which holds the joint together - and without which there would be no joint - is not created by a good joint designer, nor by high quality parts. It is created by the mechanic on the job site, using the tools, procedures, and working conditions we have provided him with... And further: The final, essential creator of the force is the mechanic, and the time of creation is during assembly. So it's very important for us to understand this process. The industry has recognized the critical nature of installation and assembly for several years. In Europe, the emphasis has been on ensuring that joint making is undertaken by trained and validated technicians and this has led to the publication of a European Technical standard: TS EN 1591 Part 4 entitled "Flanges and their joints. Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections. Qualification of personnel competency in the assembly of bolted joints fitted to equipment subject to the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED)". The standard provides a methodology for the training and assessment of technicians involved in the making and breaking of flange joints and can be viewed as being analogous to the training required for welders involved with pressure vessel work. Its publication demonstrates the importance placed upon the competent control of joint making process in ensuring leak-free performance from the flange. The gasket is but one of many reasons a bolted flange joint connection can leak. Even when all the complex inter-related components of a bolted joint flange connection work in perfect harmony, the single most important factor leading to success or failure of that bolted flange connection will be attention given to proper installation and assembly procedures by the person installing the gasket. If done properly, the assembly will remain leak-free for the target life expectancy.
FLANGED CONNECTIONS VERSUS WELDED CONNECTIONS

There are no standards that define whether or not flange connections may be used. In a newly built factory is customary to minimize flange connections, because only one weld is needed to connect two pieces of pipe. This saves the costs of two flanges, the gasket, the stud bolts, the second weld, the cost of NDT for the second weld, etc.. Some other disadvantages of flange connections:
Each flange connection can leak (some people claim that a flange connection is never 100 percent leak proof). If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough. Albert Einstein
Flanged pipe systems need much more space (just think of a pipe rack). Insulation of flanged pipe systems is more expensive (special flange caps).
Of course, flange connections have great benefits; some examples: A new line can contain multiple pipe spools and can be manufactured in a workshop. This pipe spools can be assembled in the plant without the need to be welded. NDO (X-ray, Hydro test etc.) in the plant is not necessary, because this has been done in the workshop. Blasting and painting in the plant is not necessary, because even this has been done in a workshop (only paint damages during installation should be repaired). As with many things, everything has its pros and cons.
PRESSURE CLASS
The Pressure Class or Rating for flanges will be given in pounds. Different names are used to indicate a Pressure Class. For example: 150 Lb or 150 Lbs or 150# or Class 150, all are means the same. Forged steel flanges are made in seven primary ratings:
150Lbs - 300Lbs - 400Lbs - 600Lbs - 900Lbs - 1500Lbs - 2500Lbs

The concept of flange ratings likes clearly. A Class 300 flange can handle more pressure than a Class 150 flange, because a Class 300 flange are constructed with more metal and can withstand more pressure. However, there are a number of factors that can impact the pressure capability of a flange.
EXAMPLE
Flanges can withstand different pressures at different temperatures. As temperature increases, the pressure rating of the flange decreases. For example, a Class 150 flange is rated to approximately 270 PSIG at ambient conditions, 180 PSIG at approximately 400F, 150 PSIG at approximately 600F, and 75 PSIG at approximately 800F. In other words, when the pressure goes down, the temperature goes up and vice versa. Additional factors are that flanges can be constructed from different materials, such as stainless steel, cast and ductile iron, carbon steel etc.. Each material have different pressure ratings.
PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE RATINGS
Pressure-temperature ratings are maximum allowable working gage pressures in bar units at the temperatures in degrees celsius. For intermediate temperatures, linear interpolation is permitted. Interpolation between class designations is not permitted. Pressure-temperature ratings apply to flanged joints that conform to the limitations on bolting and on gaskets, which are made up in accordance with good practice for alignment and assembly. Use of these ratings for flanged joints not conforming to these limitations is the responsibility of the user. The temperature shown for a corresponding pressure rating is the temperature of the pressurecontaining shell of the component. In general, this temperature is the same as that of the contained If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough. Albert Einstein
fluid. Use of a pressure rating corresponding to a temperature other than that of the contained fluid is the responsibility of the user, subject to the requirements of applicable codes and regulations. For any temperature below -29C, the rating shall be no greater than the rating shown for -29C. As an example, below you will find two tables with material groups acc. to ASTM, and two other tables with flange pressure-temperature ratings for those ASTM materials acc. to ASME B16.5.
ASTM Group 2-1.1 Materials Nominal Designation C-Si C-Mn-Si C-Mn-Si-V 3Ni NOTES: Forgings A105(1) A350 Gr.LF2(1) A350 Gr.LF6 Cl 1(3) A350 Gr.LF3 Castings A216 Gr.WCB(1) Plates A515 Gr.70(1) A516 Gr.70(1),(2) A537 Cl.1(4) NOTE: Nominal Designation 16Cr-12Ni2Mo 18Cr-13Ni3Mo 18Cr-8Ni ASTM Group 2-2.3 Materials Forgings A182 Gr.F316L A182 Gr.F317L A182 Gr.F304L(1) Castings Plates A240 Gr.316L A240 Gr.304L(1)
(1) Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 425C, the carbide phase of steel may be converted to graphite. Permissible but not recommended for prolonged use above 425C.
(1) Do not use over 425C.
(2) Do not use over 455C. (3) Do not use over 260C. (4) Do not use over 370C.
Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASTM Group 2-1.1 Materials

Working pressures by classes, BAR
Temp.C -29 to 38 50 100 150 200 250 300 325 350 375 400 150 19.6 19.2 17.7 15.8 13.8 12.1 10.2 9.3 8.4 7.4 6.5 300 51.1 50.1 46.6 45.1 43.8 41.9 39.8 38.7 37.6 36.4 34.7 400 68.1 66.8 62.1 60.1 58.4 55.9 53.1 51.6 50.1 48.5 46.3 600 102.1 100.2 93.2 90.2 87.6 83.9 79.6 77.4 75.1 72.7 69.4 900 153.2 150.4 139.8 135.2 131.4 125.8 119.5 116.1 112.7 109.1 104.2 1500 255.3 250.6 233 225.4 219 209.7 199.1 193.6 187.8 181.8 173.6 2500 425.5 417.7 388.3 375.6 365 349.5 331.8 322.6 313 303.1 289.3
425 450 475 500 538
5.5 4.6 3.7 2.8 1.4
28.8 23 17.4 11.8 5.9
38.4 30.7 23.2 15.7 7.9
57.5 46 34.9 23.5 11.8
86.3 69 52.3 35.3 17.7
143.8 115 87.2 58.8 29.5
239.7 191.7 145.3 97.9 49.2
Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASTM Group 2-2.3 Materials

Working pressures by classes, BAR
Temp.C -29 to 38 50 100 150 200 250 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 150 15.9 15.3 13.3 12 11.2 10.5 10 9.3 8.4 7.4 6.5 5.5 4.6 300 41.4 40 34.8 31.4 29.2 27.5 26.1 25.5 25.1 24.8 24.3 23.9 23.4 400 55.2 53.4 46.4 41.9 38.9 36.6 34.8 34 33.4 33 32.4 31.8 31.2 600 82.7 80 69.6 62.8 58.3 54.9 52.1 51 50.1 49.5 48.6 47.7 46.8 900 124.1 120.1 104.4 94.2 87.5 82.4 78.2 76.4 75.2 74.3 72.9 71.6 70.2 1500 206.8 200.1 173.9 157 145.8 137.3 130.3 127.4 125.4 123.8 121.5 119.3 117.1 2500 344.7 333.5 289.9 261.6 243 228.9 217.2 212.3 208.9 206.3 202.5 198.8 195.1
FLANGE TYPES
As already before described, the most used flange types acc. to ASME B16.5 are: Welding Neck, Slip On, Socket Weld, Lap Joint, Threaded and Blind flange. Here below you will find a short description and definition of each type, completed with an detailed image.
WELDING NECK FLANGE

Welding Neck Flanges are easy to recognize at the long tapered hub, that goes gradually over to the wall thickness from a pipe or fitting. The long tapered hub provides an important reinforcement
1. Weld Neck flange 2. Butt Weld 3. Pipe or Fitting
for use in several applications involving high pressure, subzero and / or elevated temperatures. The smooth transition from flange thickness to pipe or fitting wall thickness effected
by the taper is extremely beneficial, under conditions of repeated bending, caused by line expansion or other variable forces. These flanges are bored to match the inside diameter of the mating pipe or fitting so there will be no restriction of product flow. This prevents turbulence at the joint and reduces erosion. They also provide excellent stress distribution through the tapered hub and are easily radiographed for flaw detection. This flange type will be welded to a pipe or fitting with a single full penetration, V weld (Buttweld).
1. Slip On flange 2. Filled weld outside 3. Filled weld inside 4. Pipe
SLIP On FLANGE
The calculated strength from a Slip On flange under internal pressure is of the order of twothirds that of welding neck flanges, and their life under fatigue is about one-third that of the latter. The connection with the pipe is done with 2 fillet welds, as well at the outside as also at the inside of the flange. The X measure on the image, are approximately: Wall thickness of pipe + 3 mm. This space is necessary, to do not damage the flange face, during the welding process. A disadvantage of the flange is, that principle always firstly a pipe must be welded and then just a fitting. A combination of flange and elbow or flange and tee is not possible, because named fittings have not a straight end, that complete slid in the Slip On flange.
1. Socket weld flange 2. Filled weld 3. Pipe X = Expansion gap
Socket Weld FLANGE

Socket Weld flanges were initially developed for use on small-size high pressure piping. Their static strength is equal to Slip On flanges, but their fatigue strength 50% greater than double-welded Slip On flanges.
The connection with the pipe is done with 1 fillet weld, at the outside of the flange. But before welding, a space must be created between flange or fitting and pipe. ASME B31.1 1998 127.3 Preparation for Welding (E) Socket Weld Assembly says: In assembly of the joint before welding, the pipe or tube shall be inserted into the socket to the maximum depth and then withdrawn approximately 1/16" (1.6 mm) away from contact between the end of the pipe and the shoulder of the socket. If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough. Albert Einstein
The purpose for the bottoming clearance in a socket weld is usually to reduce the residual stress at the root of the weld that could occur during solidification of the weld metal. The image shows you the X measure for the expansion gap. The disadvantage of this flange is right the gap, that must be made. By corrosive products, and mainly in stainless steel pipe systems, the crack between pipe and flange can give corrosion problems. In some processes this flange is also not allowed. I am not an expert in this matter, but on the internet, you will find a lot of information about forms of corrosion. Also for this flange counts, that principle always firstly a pipe must be welded and then just a fitting.
1. Lap Joint flange 2. Stubend 3. Butt weld 4. Pipe or Fitting
Lap Joint FLANGE

Lap Joint Flanges have all the same common dimensions as any other flange named on this page however it does not have a raised face, they used in conjunction with a "Lap Joint Stub End". These flanges are nearly identical to a Slip On of flange a with at the the exception radius
intersection of the flange face and the bore to accommodate the flanged portion of the stub end. Their pressure-holding ability is little, if any, better than that of Slip On flanges and the fatigue life for the assembly is only one tenth that of welding neck flanges. They may be used at all pressures and are available in a full size range. These flanges slip over the pipe, and are not welded or otherwise fastened to it. Bolting pressure is transmitted to the gasket by the pressure of the flange against the back of the pipe lap (Stub End). Lap Joint flanges have certain special advantages:
Freedom to swivel around the pipe facilitates the lining up of opposing flange bolt holes. Lack of contact with the fluid in the pipe often permits the use of inexpensive carbon steel flanges with corrosion resistant pipe. In systems which erode or corrode quickly, the flanges may be salvaged for re-use.
Stub End
A Stub End always will be used with a Lap Joint flange, as a backing flange. This flange connections are applied, in low-pressure and non critical applications, and is a cheap method of flanging. In a stainless steel pipe system, for example, a carbon steel flange can be applied, because they are not come in If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough. Albert Einstein
contact with the product in the pipe. Stub Ends are available in almost all pipe diameters. Dimensions and dimensional tolerances are defined in the ASME B.16.9 standard. Light-weight corrosion resistant Stub Ends (fittings) are defined in MSS SP43.
1. Threaded flange 2. Thread 3. Pipe or Fitting
THREADED FLANGE
Threaded Flanges are used for special circumstances with their main advantage being that they can be attached to the pipe without welding. Sometimes a seal weld is also used in conjunction with the threaded connection. Although still available in most sizes screwed fittings today are used almost exclusively in smaller pipe sizes. A threaded flange or fitting is not suitable for a pipe system with thin wall thickness, because cutting thread on a pipe is not possible. Thus, thicker wall thickness must be chosen...what is thicker ? ASME B31.3 Piping Guide says: Where steel pipe is threaded and used for steam service above 250 psi or for water service above 100 psi with water temperatures above 220 F, the pipe shall be seamless and have a thickness at least equal to schedule 80 of ASME B36.10. and pressure ratings,
BLIND FLANGE
Blind Flanges are manufactured without a bore and used to blank off the ends of piping, valves and pressure vessel openings. From the standpoint of internal pressure and bolt loading, blind flanges, particularly in the larger sizes, are the most highly stressed flange types. However, most of these stresses are bending types near the center, and since there is no standard inside diameter, these flanges are suitable for higher pressure temperature applications.
1. Blind flange 2. Stud Bolt 3. Gasket 4. Other
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FLANGE FACES
Different types of flange faces are used as the contact surfaces to seat the sealing gasket material. ASME B16.5 and B16.47 define various types of flange facings, including the raised face, the large male and female facings which have identical dimensions to provide a relatively large contact area. Other flange facings covered by these standards include the large and small tongue-and-groove facings, and the ring joint facing specifically for ring joint type metal gaskets.
RAISED FACE (RF)

The
raised face flange face is the most common type used in process plant applications, and is
easily to identify. It is referred to as a raised face because the gasket surfaces are raised above the bolting circle face. This face type allows the use of a wide combination of gasket designs, including flat ring sheet types and metallic composites such as spiral wound and double jacketed types. The purpose of a RF flange is to concentrate more pressure on a smaller gasket area and thereby increase the pressure containment capability of the joint. Diameter and height are in ASME B16.5 defined, by pressure class and diameter. Pressure rating of the flange determines the height of the raised face. The typical flange face finish for ASME B16.5 RF flanges is 125 to 250 in Ra (3 to 6 m Ra).
Raised Face height

For the height measures H and B of all described dimensions of flanges on this website, with exception of the Lap Joint flange, it is important to understand and remember the following: In Pressure Classes 150 and 300 Lbs, the height of raised face is approximately 1.6 mm (1/16 inch). In these two Pressure Classes, almost all suppliers of flanges, show in their catalog or brochure, the H and B dimensions including the raised face height. See figure 1 on the image below.
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In Pressure Classes 400, 600, 900, 1500 & 2500 Lbs, the height of raised face is approximately 6.4 mm (1/4 inch). In these Pressure Classes, most suppliers show the H and B dimensions excluding the raised face height. See figure 2 on the image above.
FLAT FACE (FF)

The
flat face flange has a gasket

circle flat face. face those in Applications flanges which are the
surface in the same plane as the bolting using mating flange or flanged fitting is made from a casting. Flat face flanges are never to be bolted to a raised face flange. ASME B31.1 says that when connecting flat face cast iron flanges to carbon steel flanges, the raised face on the carbon steel flange must be removed, and that a full face gasket is required. This is to keep the thin, bittle cast iron flange from being sprung into the gap caused by the raised face of the carbon steel flange.
frequently
RING-TYPE JOINT (RTJ)

The
ring type joint flanges are

600 and higher rating)
typically used in high pressure (Class and/or high temperature services above 800F (427C). They have grooves cut into their faces which steel ring gaskets. The flanges seal when tightened bolts compress the gasket between the flanges into the grooves, deforming (or Coining) the gasket to make intimate contact inside the grooves, creating a metal to metal seal. An RTJ flange may have a raised face with a ring groove machined into it. This raised face does not serve as any part of the sealing means. For RTJ flanges that seal with ring gaskets, the raised faces of the connected and tightened flanges may contact each other. In this case the compressed gasket will not bear additional load beyond the bolt tension, vibration and movement cannot further crush the gasket and lessen the connecting tension.
Ring Type Joint gaskets

Ring Type Joint gaskets are metallic sealing rings, suitable for high-pressure and high-temperature flanges applications. which ensure They are always applied to special, accompanying
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good, reliable sealing with the correct choice of profiles and material. Ring Type Joint gaskets are designed to seal by "initial line contact" or wedging action between the mating flange and the gasket. By applying pressure on the seal interface through bolt force, the "softer" metal of the gasket flows into the microfine structure of the harder flange material, and creating a very tight and efficient seal. Most applied type is
style R ring that is manufactured in accordance with ASME B16.20 used with
ASME B16.5 flanges, class 150 to 2500. Style R ring type joints are manufactured in both oval and octagonal configurations. The octagonal cross section has a higher sealing efficiency than the oval and would be the preferred gasket. However, only the oval cross section can be used in the old type round bottom groove. The newer flat bottom groove design will accept either the oval or the octagonal cross section. The sealing surfaces on the ring joint grooves must be smoothly finished to 63 Microinches and be free of objectionable ridges, tool or chatter marks. They seal by an initial line contact or a wedging action as the compressive forces are applied. The hardness of the ring should always be less than the hardness of the flanges. Style R ring type joints are designed to seal pressure up to 6,250 psi in accordance with ASME B16.5 pressure ratings and up to 5,000 psi.
TONGUE-AND-GROOVE (T&G)
The
tongue and groove faces
of this flanges must be matched. One flange face has a raised ring (Tongue) machined onto the flange face while the mating flange has a matching depression (Groove) machined into it's face. Tongue-and-groove facings are standardized in both large and small types. They differ from male-andfemale in that the inside diameters of the tongue-and-groove do not extend into the flange base, thus retaining the gasket on its inner and outer diameter. These are commonly found on pump covers and valve bonnets. Tongue-and-groove joints also have an advantage in that they are self-aligning and act as a reservoir for the adhesive. The scarf joint keeps the axis of loading in line with the joint and does not require a major machining operation. General flange faces such as the RTJ, T&G and the F&M shall never be bolted together. The reason for this is that the contact surfaces do not match and there is no gasket that has one type on one side and another type on the other side.
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MALE-AND-FEMALE (M&F)
With this type the flanges also must be matched. One flange face has an area that extends beyond the normal flange face (Male). The other flange or mating flange has a matching depression (Female) machined into it's face. The female face is 3/16-inch deep, the male face is 1/4-inch high, and both are smooth finished. The outer diameter of the female face acts to locate and retain the gasket. Custom male and female facings are commonly found on the heat exchanger shell to channel and cover flanges.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF T&G AND M&F FLANGE FACES

Advantages: Better sealing properties, more precise location and exact compression af sealing material, utilization of other, more suitable sealing and spezialized sealing material (O-rings). Disadvantages: Commercial availabillity and cost. Normal raised faced is far more common and ready available both regarding valves, flanges and sealing material. Another complexity is that some rigid rules must be applied to the piping design. Do you order valves to be female end both sides, or on one side maybe, in which case do you point all male ends in the flow direction, or what. Same applies to any flanged joint / vessel connection of course.
FLANGE FACE FINISH

The ASME B16.5 code requires that the flange face (raised face and flat face) has a specific roughness to ensure that this surface be compatible with the gasket and provide a high quality seal. A serrated finish, either concentric or spiral, is required with 30 to 55 grooves per inch and a resultant roughness between 125 and 500 micro inches. This allows for various grades of surface finish to be made available by flange manufactures for the gasket contact surface of metal flanges.
THE MOST USED SURFACES ARE

Stock Finish The most widely used of any flange surface finish, because practically, is suitable for all ordinary service conditions. Under compression, the soft face from a gasket will embed into this finish, which helps create a seal, and a high level of friction is generated between the mating surfaces. The finish for these flanges is generated by a 1.6 mm radius round-nosed tool at a feed rate of 0.8 mm per
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revolution up to 12 inch. For sizes 14 inch and larger, the finish is made with 3.2 mm round-nosed tool at a feed of 1.2 mm per revolution. Spiral Serrated This is also a continuous or phonographic spiral groove, but it differs from the stock finish in that the groove typically is generated using a 90-deg tool which creates a "V" geometry with 45 angled serration. Concentric Serrated As the name suggests, this finish is comprised of concentric grooves. A 90 tool is used and the serrations are spaced evenly across the face. Smooth Finish This finish shows no visually apparent tool markings. These finishes are typically utilized for gaskets with metal facings such as double jacketed, flat steel and corrugated metal. The smooth surfaces mate to create a seal and depend on the flatness of the opposing faces to effect a seal. This is typically achieved by having the gasket contact surface formed by a continuous (sometimes called phonographic) spiral groove generated by a 0.8 mm radius round-nosed tool at a feed rate of 0.3 mm per revolution with a depth of 0.05 mm. This will result in a roughness between Ra 3.2 and 6.3 micrometers (125 - 250 micro inch).
GASKETS
To realize a leak-free flange connection gaskets are necessary. Gaskets are compressible sheets or rings used to make a fluid-resistant seal between two surfaces. Gaskets are built to operate under extreme temperature and pressures and are available in a wide range of metallic, semi-metallic and non-metallic materials. The principle of sealing, for example, is the compression from a gasket between two flanges. A gaskets fills the microscopic spaces and irregularities of the flange faces and then it forms a seal that is designed to keep liquids and gases. Correct installation of damage free gaskets is a requirement for a leak-free flange connection. On this website gaskets according to ASME B16.20 (Metallic and semi-metallic gaskets for Pipe flanges) and ASME B16.21 (Nonmetallic flat gaskets for pipe flanges) will be defined.
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WHAT IS A FLANGE GASKET

Flange gaskets are used to create a static seal between two flanges faces, at various operating conditions, with varied pressure and temperature ratings. A gaskets fills the microscopic spaces and irregularities of the flange faces, and then it forms a seal that is designed to keep liquids and gases. Correct installation of damage-free gaskets and demage-free flange faces is a requirement for a leakfree flange connection. If it would be technically possible, in order to manufacture flanges perfectly flat and smooth, and perfectly compatible with one another under all operating conditions, a gasket would not be necessary. But in normal practice it is not possible, because flange connections under ANY circumstances should be made. Small impurities and a small bit of dirt, is in practice not be avoided and therefore it is necessary to use a gasket.
TYPES OF GASKETS
Materials for gaskets can be divided into three main categories:
Non-metallic types Semi-metallic types Metallic types
Non-metallic
gaskets
are
usually
composite sheet materials are used with flat-face and raised-face flanges in low Pressure Class applications. Non-metallic gaskets are manufactured from arimid fiber, glass fiber, elastomer, Teflon (PTFE), graphite etc.. Full-face gasket types are suitable for use with flat-face flanges. Flat-ring gasket types are suitable for use with raised face flanges. ASME B16.21 covers types, sizes, materials, dimensions, dimensional tolerances, and markings for non-metallic flat gaskets.
Semi-metallic gaskets are composites of metal and

non-metallic materials. The metal is intended to offer strength and resiliency, while the non-metallic portion provides conformability and sealability. Often used semi-metallic gaskets are spiral wound and camprofile, and a variety of metal-reinforced graphite gaskets. Semi-metallic are designed for almost all operating If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough. Albert Einstein
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conditions and high-temperature and pressure applications, and are used on raised face, male-andfemale, and tongue-and-groove flanges. ASME B16.20 covers materials, dimensions, dimensional tolerances, and markings for metallic and semi-metallic gaskets.
Metallic gaskets are fabricated from

one or a combination of metals to the desired shape and size. Often used metallic gaskets are ring-type-joint gaskets (RTJ). They are always applied to special, accompanying flanges which ensure good, reliable sealing with the correct choice of profiles and material. Ring Type Joint gaskets are designed to seal by "initial line contact" or wedging action between the mating flange and the gasket. By applying pressure on the seal interface through bolt force, the "softer" metal of the gasket flows into the microfine structure of the harder flange material, and creating a very tight and efficient seal. ASME B16.20 covers materials, dimensions, dimensional tolerances, and markings for metallic and semi-metallic gaskets.
OFTEN USED SEMI-METALLIC GASKETS

Here below you will find a short description of a number of semimetallic gaskets, which are largely used. For information on other types, I refer to the World Wide Web. There you can find a lot of reliable information about gaskets.
Spiral wound gaskets

The spiral wound gasket meets the most exacting conditions of both temperature flanged assemblies and against every known corrosive and toxic media. and pressure and in joints similar
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The spiral wound gasket depends upon the mechanical characteristics of a formed metal spiral strip, rather than the compressive virtues of more traditional gasket materials. This makes it particularly suitable for low or fluctuating bolt loads. The sealing strips, or fillers, are usually graphite, although other materials such as Teflon (PTFE) may be used, the windings are always stainless steel. For this type of gasket to work the spiral must not be over compressed, hence one of two types of compression control is usually used. The completed gasket is fitted into a steel ring of specific thickness. When the gasket is fitted into a flange and the bolt load is applied, flange closure is governed by the outer steel ring of the gasket. To further improve the pressure rating of the spiral wound gasket, a steel ring may be added to the inside. This gives an additional compression limiting stop and provides a heat and corrosion barrier protecting gasket windings and preventing flange erosion. It is customary to select inner ring material to be the same as the metal winding. ASME B16.20 which covers spiral wound gaskets requires the use of solid metal inner rings in: Pressure Class 900, nominal pipe sizes 24 and larger, Pressure Class 1500 from nominal pipe sizes 12 and larger, Pressure Class 2500 from nominal pipe sizes 4 and larger and all PTFE filled gaskets. In the same standard is also described how a spiral wound gasket should be characterized, below you will find an image on it.
Camprofile gaskets
Camprofile or "Grooved" gaskets have proven themselves in all industrial applications. Camprofile gaskets are found in industrial power plants and in the primary circuits in nuclear installations. Used either between flanges or in heat exchanger units in nuclear applications. The Petro and chemical industry benefit too, as the gaskets are used in applications where high pressures and temperatures are maintained and consequently high bolt loads need to be controlled. Camprofile gaskets consist of a metal core (generally Stainless Steel) with concentric grooves on either side with sealing materials. The sealing layers (depending on the service duty) can be Graphite, PTFE (Teflon), CAF or Metal (e.g. Aluminium or Silver). Camprofile's can be used without sealing layers to provide an excellent seal but there is a risk of flange surface damage - especially at high seating loads. The sealing layers protect the flange surfaces from damage in addition to providing an effective seal. In the main Menu "Others" you will find a link to the dimensions of that kind of grooved gasket.
Metal jacketed gaskets

Metal Jacketed gaskets, as the name suggests, are comprised of a metallic outer shell with either a metallic or non-metallic filler. The filler material gives the gasket resilience, while the metal jacket protects the filler and resists pressures, temperatures and corrosion.
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They are traditionally used for heat exchanger applications, pumps and valves, however the resilience and recovery properties of these gaskets are limited. Metal Jacketed gaskets require smooth flange surface finishes, high bolt loads and flange flatness in order to seal effectively. There are many different styles of jacketed gaskets available. In the main Menu "Others" you will find a link to the dimensions of double jacketed flange gaskets. In that type the filler material is completely enclosed by a two piece metal jacket, which covers both the inside and outside diameters and both contact surfaces.
BOLTS
To connect two flanges with each other, also bolts are necessary. The quantity will be given by the number of bolt holes in a flange, diameter and length of bolts is dependent of flange type and Pressure Class of flange. The most used bolts in Petro and chemical industry for ASME B16.5 flanges are stud bolts. Stud bolts are made from a threaded rod and using two nuts. The other available type is the machine bolt that using one nut. On this site only stud bolts will be discussed. Dimensions, dimensional tolerances etc. have been defined in the ASME B16.5 and ASME 18.2.2 standard, materials in different ASTM standards.
TYPES OF BOLTS
In Petro and chemical industry for flange connections actually only stud bolts are used, but in principle, two types of bolts for flange connections are available. 1. Stud bolt 2. Hex bolt The stud bolt is a threaded rod with 2 heavy hexagon nuts, while the hex bolt has a head with one nut. Nuts and head are both six sided.
STUD BOLT GENERAL

Stud bolt length are defined in ASME B16.5 standard. The length in inches is equal to the effective thread length measured parallel to the axis, from the first to the first thread the without the of chamfers the major (points). First thread is defined as intersection diameter of the thread with the base of the point.
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Note: The length of metric stud bolts measured parallel to axis, is the distance from each stud bolt, including the point. The quantity of bolts for a flange connection will be given by the number of bolt holes in a flange, diameter and length of bolts is dependent of flange type and Pressure Class of flange. To allow the use of hydraulic tensioning equipment, larger dimension studs shall be often one diameter longer than "standard". That bolts to have plastic end cap protection. Bolts threading are defined in ASME B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads, (UN and UNR Thread Form). The most common thread is a symmetrical form with a V-profile. The included angle is 60. This form is widely used in the Unified thread (UN, UNC, UNF, UNRC, UNRF) form as the ISO / metric threads. The advantage of a symmetrical threads is that they are easier to produce and inspect compared with non-symmetrical threads. These are typically used in general-purpose fasteners. Thread series cover designations of diameter/pitch combinations that are measured by the number of threads per inch (TPI) applied to a single diameter. Standard Thread Pitches
Coarse thread series (UNC/UNRC) is the most widely used thread system and applied in most of the screws, bolts and nuts. Coarse threads are used for threads in low strength materials such as iron, mild steel, copper and softer alloy, aluminium, etc.. The coarse thread is also more tolerant in adverse conditions and facilitate quick assembly.
Fine thread series (UNF/UNRF) is commonly used in precision applications and in there where require a higher tensile strength than the coarse thread series. 8 - Thread series (8UN) is the specified thread forming method for several ASTM standards including A193 B7, A193 B8/B8M, and A320. This series is mostly used for diameters one inch and above.
Hex nuts (dimensional data) are defined in ASME B18.2.2, and even as bolts the threading in ASME B1.1. Depending on a customer specification, nuts must be both sites chamfered or with on one side a washer-face. The height of a nut for stud bolts are the same as the diameter of the thread rod.
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IMAGE of a nut with on one side a
IMAGE of a both sites chamfered nut.
washer-face.
MARKING OF STUDBOLTS
Thread rods and nuts must be marked by the manufacturer with a unique identifier to identify the manufacturer or private label distributor, as appropriate. Below you will find a number of ASTM examples.
MATERIALS FOR STUDBOLTS

Dimensions from stud bolts are defined in the ASME B16.5 standard. The material qualities for studs are defined in the different ASTM standards, and are indicated by Grade. Frequently used grades are A193 for thread rods and A194 for the nuts. ASTM A193 covers alloy and stainless steel bolting material for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications. ASTM A194 covers a variety of carbon, alloy, and martensitic and austenitic stainless steel nuts. These nuts are intended for high-pressure or high-temperature service, or both. Below you will find as an example a table with materials and grades for flanges, thread rods (bolts) and nuts, arranged on design temperature, flanges, thread rods and recommended nuts.
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DESIGN TEMPERATURE
FLANGES
GRADE THREAD RODS
GRADE NUTS
ASTM A 182 -195 to 102C Gr. F304, F304L, F316, F316L, F321, F347 A320 Gr. B8 Class 2 A194 Gr. 8A
-101 to -47C
ASTM A 350 Gr. LF3
A 320 Gr. L7
A 194 Gr. 7
-46 to -30C
ASTM A 350 Gr. LF2
A 320 Gr. L7
A 194 Gr. 7
-29 to 427C
ASTM A 105
A 193 Gr. B7
A 194 Gr. 2H
428 to 537C
ASTM A 182 Gr. F11, F22
A 193 Gr. B16
A 194 Gr. 2H
538 to 648C
ASTM A182 Gr. F11, F22
A 193 Gr. B8 Class 1
A 194 Gr. 8A
649 to 815C
ASTM A182 Gr. F304 H, F316 H
A 193 Gr. B8 Class 1
A 194 Gr. 8A
Note: materials in the table above are being provided for guidance purposes
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WHAT ARE SPECIAL FLANGES

On this page are the special flanges discussed, and parts that may include a flange connection. Special Flanges are basically identical to standard flanges, but have a number of special features.
ORIFICE FLANGE
Orifice Flanges are intended for use instead of standard pipe flanges when an orifice plate or flow nozzle must be installed. Pairs of pressure "Tappings", mostly on 2 sides, directly opposite each other, are machined into the orifice flange. This makes separate orifice carriers or tappings in the pipe wall unnecessary. On the image above a set Orifice Flanges is shown, where the tappings are sealed with a plug, and where a jack screw is machined. This jack screw is used to facilitate separating the flanges for inspection or replacement of the "Orifice Plate" and gaskets. The range of orifice flanges covers all standard sizes and ranges, and all common flange materials. Flanges are available in Welding Neck, Slip On, and Threaded form, and are typically supplied with two "
NPT tappings in each flange.
ASME
B16.36
covers
Dimensions from orifice
and flanges
dimensional
tolerances
(similar to those covered in ASME B16.5) that have orifice pressure differential connections. Coverage is limited to the following flanges:
Welding Neck Classes 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, 2500 Slip On Class 300 Threaded Class 300
The American National Pipe Thread Tapered NPT is the best known and most widely used connection where the pipe thread provides both the mechanical joint and the hydraulic seal. NPT has a tapered male and female thread which seals with Teflon tape or jointing compound. ASME B1.20.1 covers dimensions and gaging of NPT pipe threads for general purpose applications.
ORIFICE PLATE
An Orifice Plate is typically a circular, flat plate with a handle. The most common orifice plate is the square-edged concentric bored orifice plate, others are Eccentric Orifice Plate, Segmental Orifice Plate etc. and typically, it is made of a durable metal such as stainless steel.
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They are normally mounted between a set of Orifice Flanges and are installed in a straight run of smooth pipe to avoid disturbance of flow patterns from fittings and valves.
1. Orifice Plate 2. Hole in Plate 3. Tappings 4. Orifice flange
The image of a
CROSS-SECTION
of a set of Orifice Flanges, gives you a good impression. Orifices Plates are used to create a differential pressure that relates to the velocity of the gas from which a flow rate can be calculated. As the following gas passes through the restriction in the line caused by the orifice plate, the difference in the
upstream measured at
and set
downstream
pressure
can
be
points, called taps, and a flow rate at determined. As the plate serve as a
the point can be
restriction in a pipeline, then we talk about a Restriction Orifice Plate, abbreviated ( RO).
Concentric Orifice Plate

The most common orifice plate is the square-edged concentric bored orifice plate. The concentric bored orifice plate is the dominant design because of its proven reliability in a variety of applications and the extensive amount of research conducted on this design. The concentric plate is also easily reproduced at a relatively low cost. The concentric orifice is used to measure a wide variety of single phase, liquid and gas products, typically in conjunction with flange taps.
Eccentric Orifice Plate

Eccentric orifices are used to measure the flow fluids that carry solids and are also used to measure gases which carry liquids. With the eccentric orifice at the top of the plate, it can measure liquids that carry gas. It should be noted that the eccentric orifice has a higher degree of uncertainty as compared to the concentric orifice.
Segmental Orifice Plate

Segmental orifice plates are used to measure the flow of light slurries and fluids with high concentration of solids. The design of segmental orifice eliminates the damming of foreign matter and provides more complete drainage than the eccentric orifice plate. The segmental orifice is considerably more expensive than the eccentric orifice and has slightly greater uncertainty.
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SPECTACLE BLINDS
Spectacle Blinds are generally applied to permanently separating pipe systems, or just to connect with each other. A Spectacle Blind is a steel plate cut into two discs of a certain thickness. The two discs are attached to each other by section of steel similar to the nose piece of a pair of glasses. One of the discs is a solid plate, and the other is a ring, whose inside diameter is equal to that of a flange. Spectacle Blinds be applied in systems, which regularly need to be separated from other installations. Normally, a Spectacle Blind is mounted in the "open" position so that flow through the pipe is possible. If the Spectacle Blind in the "close" position is rotated, the pipe is blanked off and no flow is possible. Maintenance on a pipe system can be a reason to rotate the spectacle in the "close" position. This run will take place through the hole that is drilled in the connection piece. By loosening of all bolts, and partial removal of their, the Spectacle Blind can be rotated. After replacing the gaskets (new gaskets are to recommend), the bolts can be re-assembled and tightened.
SPADES (SINGLE BLINDS) / RING SPACER

Spades and Ring Spacers are basically the same as Spectacle Blinds, except that both are not attached to each other.
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Spades and Spacers are applied in systems where maintenance is often not necessary, or in applications with large pipe sizes. Depending on the flange size and the Pressure Class, Spades can weigh hundreds of pounds. To prevent unnecessary weight to a flange connection, usually will be chosen not for a Spectacle Blind, but for 2 separate parts. So as for the Spectacle Blind already described, maintenance on a pipe system can be a reason to temporarily replace a Ring Spacer for a Spade. By loosening of all bolts, and half of the bolts temporarily remove, the Spade or Spacer can be placed. After replacing the gaskets (new gaskets are to recommend), the bolts can be re-assembled and tightened. A small problem is that we basically cannot see, or a Spade or a Spacer mounted between the flanges. Therefore the handles are often specially marked, or both have a different design; a customer often provides its own specification. What should never lack is, that in the handle, the diameter and the Pressure Class of a Spade or Spacer is engraved; this applies also for the Spectacle Blind.
SURFACES / DIMENSIONS / MATERIAL

The sealing surfaces of a Spectacle Blind, Spade or Ring Spacer are usually conducted in accordance with the Face Finish from the flange. The diameter always is slightly larger than the Raised Face of a flange; by a correct assembly, the bolts are just not touched by the Blind or Spacer. The diameter of them is depending on the flange size, and the thickness from the Pressure Class of a flange. Dimensions from Spectacle Blinds, Spades and Ring Spacers, you will find in the main Menu "Flanges" ASME B16.48 covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, dimensional tolerances, marking, and testing for operating line blanks in sizes NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24 for installation between ASME B16.5 flanges in the 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500 Pressure Classes. Spectacle Blinds, Spades and Ring Spacers should be made from a plate or forging specification, approved for use by ASME B31.3, of essentially the same chemical composition as the mating flanges and piping involved.
LONG WELDING NECK FLANGE

Long Neck Welding (abbreviated LWN) flanges are similar to a standard Welding Neck flange, but the "Neck" is considerably longer. This type is often used as a nozzle for a barrel or column. In addition, there are the type LWN Heavy Barrel (HB) and the Equal LWN Barrel (E); they have a different shape and a thicker "Wall".
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WELDOFLANGE / NIPOFLANGE
The Weldoflange and Nipoflange is a combination of a Welding Neck flange and a supposedly Weldolet or Nipolet. The 2 components are manufactured in one piece, and not welded. These flanges are primarily in Branchconnections. On the website of Promat BD you can find more information about the various performances, dimensions etc.. Furthermore, they have an expanded range of special flanges, fittings and branch connections.
EXPANDER FLANGE
Expander Flanges is a Welding Neck pipe flange where the nominal size of the non-flanged end is larger than the nominal size of the flanged end. They can be used to change the size of a pipe run. These are usually used to increase the line size to the first or second larger size. This is an alternative to using a separate reducer and weld neck flange combination. The expander flange can be used to connect pipe to pumps, compressors and valves.
REDUCING FLANGE
Reducing Flanges are suitable for changing line size, but should not be used if abrupt transition would create undesirable turbulence, as at pump connections. A reducing flange consists of a flange with one specified diameter having a bore of a different and smaller, diameter. Except for the bore and hub dimensions, the flange will have dimensions of the larger pipe size. If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough. Albert Einstein
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Method for calculating Stud bolt lengths

The stud bolt theoretical length can be calculated by means of the formula: L = 2 (s + n + h + rf) + g
s = free threads (equals 1/3 time bolt diameter) n = nut thickness (equals nominal bolt diameter) h = flange thickness rf = height of raised face for class 150 and class 300 height of raised face is included in h height g = gasket thickness approximately 3 mm
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Dimensions Stud bolts for RF and RTJ flanges acc to ASME B16.5
Pressure Class 150 - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24 NPS 1/2 3/4 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 General notes: Diameter of bolts (inches) 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 3/4 3/4 3/4 7/8 7/8 1 1 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/4 Length RF 55 65 65 70 70 85 90 90 90 90 95 100 110 115 120 135 135 145 160 170 Length RTJ 75 85 85 95 100 100 100 100 110 115 120 125 135 145 145 160 170 185 N of bolts 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 12 16 16 20 20
Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated. The length of the stud bolt does not include the height of the Length dimensional tolerances for all stud bolts: length to 12 inch tolerance = 1.6 mm length over 12 inch to 18 inch tolerance = 3.2 mm length over 18 inch tolerance = 6.4 mm
CHAMFERS (points).
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Pressure Class 300 - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24 NPS 1/2 3/4 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 Diameter of bolts (inches) 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 3/4 5/8 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 1/4 1 1/4 1 1/2 Length RF 65 75 75 85 90 90 100 110 110 115 120 120 140 160 170 180 190 195 205 230 Length RTJ 75 90 90 95 100 100 115 120 125 125 135 140 150 170 185 190 205 210 220 255 N of bolts 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 16 16 20 20 24 24 24
General notes:
CHAMFERS (points).
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Pressure Class 400 - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24 NPS 1/2 3/4 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 Diameter of bolts (inches) 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 3/4 5/8 3/4 3/4 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/2 1 3/4 Length RF 75 90 90 95 110 110 120 125 140 140 145 150 170 190 205 210 220 230 240 265 Length RTJ 75 90 90 95 110 110 120 125 140 140 145 150 170 190 205 210 220 230 250 280 N of bolts 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 16 16 20 20 24 24 24
General notes:
CHAMFERS (points).
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Pressure Class 600 - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24 NPS 1/2 3/4 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 General notes: Diameter of bolts (inches) 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 3/4 5/8 3/4 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/2 1 5/8 1 3/4 1 3/4 2 Length RF 75 90 90 95 110 110 120 125 140 145 165 170 190 215 220 235 255 275 285 330 Length RTJ 75 90 90 95 110 110 120 125 140 145 165 170 195 215 220 235 255 275 290 335 N of bolts 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 16 20 20 20 20 24 24
CHAMFERS (points).
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Pressure Class 900 - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24 NPS 1/2 3/4 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 General notes: Diameter of bolts (inches) 3/4 3/4 7/8 7/8 1 7/8 1 7/8 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/2 1 5/8 1 7/8 2 2 1/2 Length RF 110 115 125 125 140 145 160 145 170 190 190 220 235 255 275 285 325 350 440 Length RTJ 110 115 125 125 140 145 160 145 170 190 195 220 235 255 280 290 335 360 455 N of bolts 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 16 20 20 20 20 20 20
CHAMFERS (points).
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Pressure Class 1500 - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24 NPS 1/2 3/4 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 General notes: Diameter of bolts (inches) 3/4 3/4 7/8 7/8 1 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 1/2 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 7/8 2 2 1/4 2 1/2 2 3/4 3 3 1/2 Length RF 110 115 125 125 140 145 160 180 195 250 260 290 335 375 405 445 495 540 615 Length RTJ 110 115 125 125 140 145 160 180 195 250 265 300 345 385 425 470 525 565 650 N of bolts 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 12 16 16 16 16 16 16
CHAMFERS (points).
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Pressure Class 2500 - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 12 NPS 1/2 3/4 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 General notes: Diameter of bolts (inches) 3/4 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 1/2 1 3/4 2 2 2 1/2 2 3/4 Length RF 120 125 140 150 170 180 195 220 255 300 345 380 490 540 Length RTJ 120 125 140 150 170 180 205 230 260 310 355 395 510 560 N of bolts 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 12
CHAMFERS (points).
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ASTM GRADES
Dimensions from carbon steel and stainless steel flanges are defined in the ASME B16.5 standard. The material qualities for these flanges are defined in the ASTM standards. These ASTM standards, define the specific manufacturing process of the material and determine the exact chemical composition of pipes, fittings and flanges, through percentages of the permitted quantities of carbon, magnesium, nickel, etc., and are indicated by "Grade". For example, a carbon steel flange can be identified with Grade F9 or F11, a stainless-steel flange with Grade F316 or Grade F321 etc.. Below you will find as an example a table with chemical requirements for flanges according to ASTM A182 Grade F304, F304L, F316L, and a table with frequent Grades, arranged on pipe and pipecomponents, which belong together as a group. As you may be have noted, in the table below, ASTM A105 has no Grade. Sometimes ASTM A105N is described; "N" stands not for Grade, but for normalized. Normalizing is a type of heat treatment, applicable to ferrous metals only. The purpose of normalizing is to remove the internal stresses induced by heat treating, casting, forming etc.. Chemical requirements composition, %
Grade F304 (A) Carbon, max Manganese, max Phosphorus, max Sulfur, max Silicon, max Nickel Chrome Molybdenum 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 8 - 11 18 - 20 -
Grade F304L (A) 0.035 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 8 - 13 18 - 20 -
Grade F316L (A) 0.035 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 10 - 15 16 - 18 2.00-3.00
(A) Nitrogen 0.10% max.
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ASTM Grades Material

Carbon Steel
Pipes
A106 Gr A A106 Gr B A106 Gr C A335 Gr P1
Fittings
A234 Gr WPA A234 Gr WPB A234 Gr WPC A234 Gr WP1 A234 Gr WP11 A234 Gr WP12 A234 Gr WP22 A234 Gr WP5 A234 Gr WP9 A420 Gr WPL6 A420 Gr WPL3 A403 Gr WP304 A403 Gr WP316 A403 Gr WP321 A403 Gr WP347
Flanges
A105 A105 A105 A182 Gr F1 A182 Gr F11 A182 Gr F12 A182 Gr F22 A182 Gr F5 A182 Gr F9 A350 Gr LF2 A350 Gr LF3 A182 Gr F304 A182 Gr F316 A182 Gr F321 A182 Gr F347
Valves
A216 Gr WCB A216 Gr WCB A216 Gr WCB A217 Gr WC1 A217 Gr WC6 A217 Gr WC6 A217 Gr WC9 A217 Gr C5 A217 Gr C12 A352 Gr LCB A352 Gr LC3 A182 Gr F304 A182 Gr F316 A182 Gr F321 A182 Gr F347
Bolts & Nuts

A193 Gr B7 A194 Gr 2H
Carbon Steel Alloy High-Temp
A335 Gr P11 A335 Gr P12 A335 Gr P22 A335 Gr P5 A335 Gr P9
A193 Gr B7 A194 Gr 2H
Carbon Steel Alloy Low-Temp Austenitic Stainless Steel
A333 Gr 5 A333 Gr 3 A312 Gr TP304 A312 Gr TP316 A312 Gr TP321 A312 Gr TP347
A320 Gr L7 A194 Gr 7
A193 Gr B8 A194 Gr 8
MATERIALS ACCORDING TO ASTM
Pipes

A106 = This specification covers carbon steel pipe for high-temperature service. A335 = This specification covers seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe for high-temperature service. A333 = This specification covers wall seamless and welded carbon and alloy steel pipe intended for use at low temperatures. A312 = Standard specification for seamless, straight-seam welded, and cold worked welded austenitic stainless steel pipe intended for high-temperature and general corrosive service.
Fittings

A234 = This specification covers wrought carbon steel and alloy steel fittings of seamless and welded construction. A420 = Standard specification for piping fittings of wrought carbon steel and alloy steel for lowtemperature service. A403 = Standard specification for wrought austenitic stainless steel piping fittings.
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Flanges
A105 = This specification covers standards for forged carbon steel piping components, that is, flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts, for use in pressure systems at ambient and highertemperature service conditions.
A182 = This specification covers forged or rolled alloy and stainless steel pipe flanges, forged fittings, and valves and parts for high-temperature service. A350 = This specification covers several grades of carbon and low alloy steel forged or ring-rolled flanges, forged fittings and valves for low-temperature service.
Valves
A216 = This specification covers carbon steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, or other pressure-containing parts for high-temperature service and of quality suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought-steel parts by fusion welding.
A217 = This specification covers steel castings, martensitic stainless steel and alloys steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for hightemperature and corrosive service.
A352 = This specification covers steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressurecontaining parts intended primarily for low-temperature service. A182 = This specification covers forged or rolled alloy and stainless steel pipe flanges, forged fittings, and valves and parts for high-temperature service.
Bolds & Nuts
A193 = This specification covers alloy and stainless steel bolting material for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications.
A320 = Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for LowTemperature Service. A194 = Standard specification for nuts in many different material types.
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Dimensions Slip On flanges and Stud bolts according to ASME B16.5
Pressure Class Diameter - A Diameter - D Thickness - B Diameter - G Diameter - K Height - H Bolt Holes Diameter - L Stud bolt Dia x Length
150 300 400 30 38 38 90 95 95 9.6 12.7 14.3 11.2 14.3 20.7 35.1 35.1 35.1 60.3 66.7 66.7 14 21 22 15.6 22.6 28.4 4 4 4 15.9 15.9 15.9 1/2" 1/2" 1/2" 55 65 75 Nominal Pipe Size 1/2 ID = 22.3
600 38 95 14.3 20.7 35.1 66.7 22 28.4 4 15.9 1/2" 75
900 38 120 22.3 28.7 35.1 82.6 32 38.4 4 22.2 3/4" 110
1500 38 120 22.3 28.7 35.1 82.6 32 38.4 4 22.2 3/4" 110
2500 -
150 300 400 38 48 48 100 115 115 11.2 14.3 15.9 12.8 15.9 22.3 42.9 42.9 42.9 69.9 82.6 82.6 14 24 25 15.6 25.6 31.4 4 4 4 15.9 19.1 19.1 1/2" 5/8" 5/8" 65 75 90 Nominal Pipe Size 3/4 ID = 27.7
600 48 115 15.9 22.3 42.9 82.6 25 31.4 4 19.1 5/8" 90
900 44 130 25.4 31.8 42.9 88.9 35 41.4 4 22.2 3/4" 115
1500 44 130 25.4 31.8 42.9 88.9 35 41.4 4 22.2 3/4" 115
2500 -
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150 300 49 54 110 125 12.7 15.9 14.3 17.5 50.8 50.8 79.4 88.9 16 25 17.6 26.6 4 4 15.9 19.1 1/2" 5/8" 65 75 Nominal Pipe Size 1
400 600 54 54 125 125 17.5 17.5 23.9 23.9 50.8 50.8 88.9 88.9 27 27 33.4 33.4 4 4 19.1 19.1 5/8" 5/8" 90 90 ID = 34.5
900 52 150 28.6 35 50.8 101.6 41 47.4 4 25.4 7/8" 125
1500 52 150 28.6 35 50.8 101.6 41 47.4 4 25.4 7/8" 125
2500 -
150 300 400 600 59 64 64 64 115 135 125 135 14.3 17.5 20.7 20.7 15.9 19.1 27.1 27.1 63.5 63.5 63.5 63.5 88.9 98.4 98.4 98.4 19 25 29 29 20.6 26.6 35.4 35.4 4 4 4 4 15.9 19.1 19.1 19.1 1/2" 5/8" 5/8" 5/8" 70 85 95 95 Nominal Pipe Size 1 ID = 43.2
900 64 160 28.6 35 63.5 111.1 41 47.4 4 25.4 7/8" 125
1500 64 160 28.6 35 63.5 111.1 41 47.4 4 25.4 7/8" 125
2500 -
150 300 400 600 65 70 70 70 125 155 155 155 15.9 19.1 22.3 22.3 17.5 20.7 28.7 28.7 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 98.4 114.3 114.3 114.3 21 29 32 32 22.6 30.6 38.4 38.4 4 4 4 4 15.9 22.2 22.2 22.2 1/2" 3/4" 3/4" 3/4" 70 90 110 110 Nominal Pipe Size 1 ID = 49.5
900 70 180 31.8 38.2 73.2 123.8 44 50.4 4 28.6 1" 140
1500 70 180 31.8 38.2 73.2 123.8 44 50.4 4 28.6 1" 140
2500 -
Pressure Class Diameter - A Diameter - D Thickness - B Diameter - G
150 78 150 17.5 19.1 91.9
300 84 165 20.7 22.3 91.9
400 84 165 25.4 31.8 91.9
600 84 165 25.4 31.8 91.9
900 105 215 38.1 44.5 91.9
1500 105 215 38.1 44.5 91.9
2500 -
40
Diameter - K Height - H Bolt Holes Diameter - L Stud bolt Dia x Length
120.7 127 24 32 25.6 33.6 4 8 19.1 19.1 5/8" 5/8" 85 90 Nominal Pipe Size 2
127 37 43.4 8 19.1 5/8" 110 ID = 62
127 37 43.4 8 19.1 5/8" 110
165.1 57 63.4 8 25.4 7/8" 145
165.1 57 63.4 8 25.4 7/8" 145
150 300 400 600 90 100 100 100 180 190 190 190 20.7 23.9 28.6 28.6 22.3 25.5 35 35 104.6 104.6 104.6 104.6 139.7 149.2 149.2 149.2 27 37 41 41 28.6 38.6 47.4 47.4 4 8 8 8 19.1 22.2 22.2 22.2 5/8" 3/4" 3/4" 3/4" 90 100 120 120 Nominal Pipe Size 2 ID = 74.7
900 124 245 41.3 47.7 104.6 190.5 64 70.4 8 28.6 1" 160
1500 124 245 41.3 47.7 104.6 190.5 64 70.4 8 28.6 1" 160
2500 -
Pressure Class Diameter - A Diameter - D Thickness - B Diameter - G Diameter - K Height - H Bolt Holes Diameter - L Stud bolt Dia x Length Pressure Class Diameter - A Diameter - D Thickness - B Diameter - G Diameter - K Height - H Bolt Holes Diameter - L Stud bolt Dia x Length
150 300 400 108 117 117 190 210 210 22.3 27 31.8 23.9 28.6 38.2 127 127 127 152.4 168.3 168.3 29 41 46 30.6 42.6 52.4 4 8 8 19.1 22.2 22.2 5/8" 3/4" 3/4" 90 110 125 Nominal Pipe Size 3 ID = 90.7
600 117 210 31.8 38.2 127 168.3 46 52.4 8 22.2 3/4" 125
900 127 240 38.1 44.5 127 190.5 54 60.4 8 25.4 7/8" 145 900 -
1500 1500 -
2500 2500 -
150 300 400 600 122 133 133 133 215 230 230 230 22.3 28.6 35 35 23.9 30.2 41.4 41.4 139.7 139.7 139.7 139.7 177.8 184.2 184.2 184.2 30 43 49 49 31.6 44.6 55.4 55.4 8 8 8 8 19.1 22.2 25.4 25.4 5/8" 3/4" 7/8" 7/8" 90 110 140 140 Nominal Pipe Size 3 ID = 103.4
41
150 300 400 135 146 146 230 255 254 22.3 30.2 35 23.9 31.8 41.4 157.2 157.2 157.2 190.5 200 200 32 46 51 33.6 47.6 57.4 8 8 8 19.1 22.2 25.4 5/8" 3/4" 7/8" 90 115 140 Nominal Pipe Size 4 ID = 116.1
600 152 275 38.1 44.5 157.2 215.9 54 60.4 8 25.4 7/8" 145
900 159 290 44.5 50.9 157.2 235 70 76.4 8 31.8 1 1/8" 170
1500 -
2500 -
150 300 400 192 206 206 280 320 320 23.9 35 41.3 25.5 36.6 47.7 215.9 215.9 215.9 241.3 269.9 269.9 38 51 57 39.6 52.6 63.4 8 12 12 22.2 22.2 25.4 3/4" 3/4" 7/8" 100 120 150 Nominal Pipe Size 6 ID = 170.7
600 222 355 47.7 54.3 215.9 292.1 67 73.4 12 28.6 1" 170
900 235 380 55.6 62 215.9 317.5 86 92.4 12 31.8 1 1/8" 190
1500 -
2500 -
150 300 400 600 246 260 260 273 345 380 381 420 27 39.7 47.7 55.6 28.6 41.3 54.1 62 269.7 269.7 269.7 269.7 298.5 330.2 330 349.2 43 60 68 76 44.6 61.6 74.4 82.4 8 12 12 12 22.2 22.2 28.6 31.8 3/4" 7/8" 1" 1 1/8" 110 140 170 190 Nominal Pipe Size 8 ID = 221.5
900 298 470 63.5 69.9 269.7 393.7 102 108.4 12 38.1 1 3/8" 220
1500 -
2500 -
150 305 405 28.6 30.2 323.9
300 321 445 46.1 47.7 323.9
400 321 445 54 60.4 323.9
600 343 510 63.5 69.9 323.9
900 368 545 69.9 76.3 323.9
1500 -
2500 -
42
362 387.4 387.4 431.8 48 65 73 86 49.6 66.6 79.4 92.4 12 16 16 16 25.4 25.4 31.8 34.9 7/8" 1" 1 1/8" 1 1/4" 115 160 190 215 Nominal Pipe Size 10 ID = 276.3
469.9 108 114.4 16 38.1 1 3/8" 235
150 300 365 375 485 520 30.2 49.3 31.8 50.9 381 381 431.8 450.8 54 71 55.6 72.6 12 16 25.4 28.6 7/8" 1 1/8" 120 170 Nominal Pipe Size 12
400 600 375 400 520 560 57.2 66.7 63.4 73.1 381 381 450.8 489 79 92 85.4 98.4 16 20 34.9 34.9 1 1/4" 1 1/4" 205 220 ID = 327.1
900 419 610 79.4 85.8 381 533.4 117 123.4 20 38.1 1 3/8" 255
1500 -
2500 -
150 300 400 425 535 585 33.4 52.4 35 54 412.8 412.8 476.3 514.4 56 75 57.6 76.6 12 20 28.6 31.8 1" 1 1/8" 135 180 Nominal Pipe Size 14 150 300 400 425 535 585 33.4 52.4 35 54 412.8 412.8 476.3 514.4 56 75 57.6 76.6 12 20 28.6 31.8 1" 1 1/8" 135 180 Nominal Pipe Size 14
400 600 425 432 585 605 60.4 69.9 66.8 76.3 412.8 412.8 514.4 527 84 94 90.4 100.4 20 20 34.9 38.1 1 1/4" 1 3/8" 210 235 ID = 359.1 400 600 425 432 585 605 60.4 69.9 66.8 76.3 412.8 412.8 514.4 527 84 94 90.4 100.4 20 20 34.9 38.1 1 1/4" 1 3/8" 210 235 ID = 359.1
900 451 640 85.8 92.2 412.8 558.8 130 136.4 20 41.3 1 1/2" 275 900 451 640 85.8 92.2 412.8 558.8 130 136.4 20 41.3 1 1/2" 275
1500 1500 -
2500 2500 -
43
150 300 457 483 595 650 35 55.6 36.6 57.2 469.9 469.9 539.8 571.5 62 81 63.6 82.6 16 20 28.6 31.8 1" 1 1/4" 135 190 Nominal Pipe Size 16
400 600 483 495 650 685 63.5 76.2 69.9 82.6 469.9 469.9 571.5 603.2 94 106 100.4 112.4 20 20 38.1 41.3 1 3/8" 1 1/2" 220 255 ID = 410.5
900 508 705 88.9 95.3 469.9 616 133 139.4 20 44.5 1 5/8" 285
1500 -
2500 -
150 300 505 533 635 710 38.1 58.8 39.7 60.4 533.4 533.4 577.9 628.6 67 87 68.6 88.6 16 24 31.8 34.9 1 1/8" 1 1/4" 145 195 Nominal Pipe Size 18
400 600 533 546 710 745 66.7 82.6 73.1 89 533.4 533.4 628.6 654 98 117 104.4 123.4 24 20 38.1 44.5 1 3/8" 1 5/8" 230 275 ID = 461.8
900 565 785 101.6 108 533.4 685.8 152 158.4 20 50.8 1 7/8" 325
1500 -
2500 -
150 300 400 559 587 587 700 775 775 41.3 62 69.9 42.9 63.6 76.3 584.2 584.2 584.2 635 685.8 685.8 71 94 102 72.6 95.6 108.4 20 24 24 31.8 34.9 41.3 1 1/8" 1 1/4" 1 1/2" 160 205 240 Nominal Pipe Size 20 ID = 513.1
600 610 815 88.9 95.3 584.2 723.9 127 133.4 24 44.5 1 5/8" 285
900 622 855 108 114.4 584.2 749.3 159 165.4 20 54 2" 350
1500 -
2500 -
150 663 815 46.1 47.7 692.2
300 702 915 68.3 69.9 692.2
400 702 915 76.2 82.6 692.2
600 718 940 101.6 108 692.2
900 749 1040 139.7 146.1 692.2
1500 -
2500 -
44
749.3 812.8 81 105 82.6 106.6 20 24 34.9 41.3 1 1/4" 1 1/2" 170 230 Nominal Pipe Size 24
812.8 838.2 114 140 120.4 146.4 24 24 47.6 50.8 1 3/4" 1 7/8" 265 330 ID = 615.9
901.7 203 209.4 20 66.7 2 1/2" 440
DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES OF SLIP ON FLANGES ACCORDING TO ASME B16.5
Outside Diameter
24 = 1.6 mm | > 24 = 3.2 mm
Inside Diameter
10 = 0.8 mm | 12 = + 1.6 mm / - 0 mm
Diameter of Contact Face

1.6 mm Raised Face = 0.8 mm 6.35 mm Raised Face, Tongue & Groove / MaleFemale = 0.4 mm
Outside Diameter of Hub

12 = + 2.4 mm / - 1.6 mm | 14 = 3.2
mm
Drilling
Bolt Circle = 1.6 mm | Bolt Hole Spacing =
Diameter of Counterbore
Same as for Inside Diameter
0.8 mm Eccentricity of Bolt Circle with Respect to Facing 2 = 0.8 mm max. | 3 = 1.6 mm max.
Thickness
18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0 | 20 = + 4.8 mm / - 0
Length thru Hub

18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0.8 mm | 20 = + 4.8
mm / - 1.6 mm
Dimensional tolerances are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.
45
Dimensions Socket Weld flanges and Stud bolts according to ASME B16.5
Pressure Class Diameter - A Diameter - D
150 300 400 30 38 90 95 9.6 12.7 Thickness - B 11.2 14.3 Diameter - G 35.1 35.1 Diameter - K 60.3 66.7 14 21 Height - H 15.6 22.6 Bolt Holes 4 4 Diameter - L 15.9 15.9 Stud bolt 1/2" 1/2" Dia x Length 55 65 Nominal Pipe Size 1/2 (ID = 22.3) (F =
600 38 95 14.3 20.7 35.1 66.7 22 28.4 4 15.9 1/2" 75 9.5)
900 -
1500 38 120 22.3 28.7 35.1 82.6 32 38.4 4 22.2 3/4" 110
2500 -
150 38 100 11.2 Thickness - B 12.8 Diameter - G 42.9 Diameter - K 69.9 14 Height - H 15.6 Bolt Holes 4 Diameter - L 15.9 Stud bolt 1/2" Dia x Length 65 Nominal Pipe Size 3/4
300 400 600 48 48 115 115 14.3 15.9 15.9 22.3 42.9 42.9 82.6 82.6 24 25 25.6 31.4 4 4 19.1 19.1 5/8" 5/8" 75 90 (ID = 27.7) (F = 11.1)
900 -
1500 44 130 25.4 31.8 42.9 88.9 35 41.4 4 22.2 3/4" 115
2500 -
46
150 49.2 110 12.7 Thickness - B 14.3 Diameter - G 50.8 Diameter - K 79.4 16 Height - H 17.6 Bolt Holes 4 Diameter - L 15.9 Stud bolt 1/2" Dia x Length 65 Nominal Pipe Size 1
300 400 600 54 54 125 125 15.9 17.5 17.5 23.9 50.8 50.8 88.9 88.9 25 27 26.6 33.4 4 4 19.1 19.1 5/8" 5/8" 75 90 (ID = 34.5) (F = 12.7)
900 -
1500 52 150 28.6 35 50.8 101.6 41 47.4 4 25.4 7/8" 125
2500 -
150 300 400 59 64 115 135 14.3 17.5 Thickness - B 15.9 19.1 Diameter - G 63.5 63.5 Diameter - K 88.9 98.4 19 25 Height - H 20.6 26.6 Bolt Holes 4 4 Diameter - L 15.9 19.1 Stud bolt 1/2" 5/8" Dia x Length 70 85 Nominal Pipe Size 1 (ID = 43.2) (F =
600 64 135 20.7 27.1 63.5 98.4 29 35.4 4 19.1 5/8" 95 14.3)
900 -
1500 64 160 28.6 35 63.5 111.1 41 47.4 4 25.4 7/8" 125
2500 -
150 300 400 600 65 70 70 125 155 155 15.9 19.1 22.3 Thickness - B 17.5 20.7 28.7 Diameter - G 73.2 73.2 73.2 Diameter - K 98.4 114.3 114.3 21 29 32 Height - H 22.6 30.6 38.4 Bolt Holes 4 4 4 Diameter - L 15.9 22.2 22.2 Stud bolt 1/2" 3/4" 3/4" Dia x Length 70 90 110 Nominal Pipe Size 1 (ID = 49.5) (F = 15.9)
900 -
1500 70 180 31.8 38.2 73.2 123.8 44 50.4 4 28.6 1" 140
2500 -
Pressure Class Diameter - A Diameter - D Thickness - B Diameter - G Diameter - K
150 78 150 17.5 19.1 91.9 120.7
300 84 165 20.7 22.3 91.9 127
400 -
600 84 165 25.4 31.8 91.9 127
900 -
1500 105 215 38.1 44.5 91.9 165.1
2500 -
47
24 32 37 25.6 33.6 43.4 Bolt Holes 4 8 8 Diameter - L 19.1 19.1 19.1 Stud bolt 5/8" 5/8" 5/8" Dia x Length 85 90 110 Nominal Pipe Size 2 (ID = 62.0) (F = 17.5) Height - H
57 63.4 8 25.4 7/8" 145
150 300 400 90 100 180 190 20.7 23.9 22.3 25.5 104.6 104.6 139.7 149.2 27 37 28.6 38.6 4 8 19.1 22.2 5/8" 3/4" 90 100 Nominal Pipe Size 2 (ID = 74.7) (F =
600 100 190 28.6 35 104.6 149.2 41 47.4 8 22.2 3/4" 120 19.1)
900 -
1500 125 245 41.3 47.7 104.6 190.5 64 70.4 8 28.6 1" 160
2500 -
DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES OF SOCKET WELD FLANGES ACCORDING TO ASME B16.5
Outside Diameter
24 = 1.6 mm | > 24 = 3.2 mm
Inside Diameter
10 = 0.8 mm | 12 = + 1.6 mm / - 0 mm


12 = + 2.4 mm / - 1.6 mm | 14 = 3.2
mm
Drilling
Thickness
18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0 | 20 = + 4.8 mm / - 0
Length thru Hub

18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0.8 mm | 20 = + 4.8
mm / - 1.6 mm
48
Dimensions Lap Joint flanges and Stud bolts according to ASME B16.5
150 300 30 38 90 95 11.2 14.3 35.1 35.1 60.3 66.7 16 22 4 4 15.9 15.9 1/2" 1/2" 55 65 Nominal Pipe Size 1/2 (ID =
400 38 95 14.3 35.1 66.7 22 4 15.9 1/2" 75 22.9 / r
600 38 95 14.3 35.1 66.7 22 4 15.9 1/2" 75 = 3)
900 38 120 22.3 35.1 82.6 32 4 22.2 3/4" 110
1500 38 120 22.3 35.1 82.6 32 4 22.2 3/4" 110
2500 43 135 30.2 35.1 88.9 40 4 22.2 3/4" 120
150 300 38 48 100 115 12.7 15.9 42.9 42.9 69.9 82.6 16 25 4 4 15.9 19.1 1/2" 5/8" 65 75 Nominal Pipe Size 3/4 (ID =
400 48 115 15.9 42.9 82.6 25 4 19.1 5/8" 90 28.2 / r
600 48 115 15.9 42.9 82.6 25 4 19.1 5/8" 90 = 3)
900 44 130 25.4 42.9 88.9 35 4 22.2 3/4" 115
1500 44 130 25.4 42.9 88.9 35 4 22.2 3/4" 115
2500 51 140 31.8 42.9 95.2 43 4 22.2 3/4" 125
150 49.2 110 14.3 50.8 79.4
300 54 125 17.5 50.8 88.9
400 54 125 17.5 50.8 88.9
600 54 125 17.5 50.8 88.9
900 52 150 28.6 50.8 101.6
1500 52 150 28.6 50.8 101.6
2500 57 160 35 50.8 108
49
Height - H Bolt Holes Diameter - L Stud bolt Dia x Length
17 27 4 4 15.9 19.1 1/2" 5/8" 65 75 Nominal Pipe Size 1 (ID
27 27 4 4 19.1 19.1 5/8" 5/8" 90 90 = 35 / r = 3)
41 4 25.4 7/8" 125
41 4 25.4 7/8" 125
48 4 25.4 7/8" 140
150 300 59 64 115 135 15.9 19.1 63.5 63.5 88.9 98.4 21 27 4 4 15.9 19.1 1/2" 5/8" 70 85 Nominal Pipe Size 1 (ID
400 600 64 64 125 135 20.7 20.7 63.5 63.5 98.4 98.4 29 29 4 4 19.1 19.1 5/8" 5/8" 95 95 = 43.7 / r = 5)
900 64 160 28.6 63.5 111.1 41 4 25.4 7/8" 125
1500 64 160 28.6 63.5 111.1 41 4 25.4 7/8" 125
2500 73 185 38.1 63.5 130.2 52 4 28.6 1" 150
150 65 125 17.5 73.2 98.4 22 4 15.9 1/2" 70 Nominal Pipe
300 400 600 70 70 70 155 155 155 20.7 22.3 22.3 73.2 73.2 73.2 114.3 114.3 114.3 30 32 32 4 4 4 22.2 22.2 22.2 3/4" 3/4" 3/4" 90 110 110 Size 1 (ID = 50 / r = 6)
900 70 180 31.8 73.2 123.8 44 4 28.6 1" 140
1500 70 180 31.8 73.2 123.8 44 4 28.6 1" 140
2500 79 205 44.5 73.2 146 60 4 31.8 1 1/8" 170
150 300 400 78 84 84 150 165 165 19.1 22.3 25.4 91.9 91.9 91.9 120.7 127 127 25 33 37 4 8 8 19.1 19.1 19.1 5/8" 5/8" 5/8" 85 90 110 Nominal Pipe Size 2 (ID = 62.5 / r
600 84 165 25.4 91.9 127 37 8 19.1 5/8" 110 = 8)
900 105 215 38.1 91.9 165.1 57 8 25.4 7/8" 145
1500 105 215 38.1 91.9 165.1 57 8 25.4 7/8" 145
2500 95 235 50.9 91.9 171.4 70 8 28.6 1" 180
150 90 180 22.3 104.6
300 100 190 25.4 104.6
400 100 190 28.6 104.6
600 100 190 28.6 104.6
900 124 245 41.3 104.6
1500 125 245 41.3 104.6
2500 114 265 57.2 104.6
50
139.7 149.2 149.2 149.2 29 38 41 41 4 8 8 8 19.1 22.2 22.2 22.2 5/8" 3/4" 3/4" 3/4" 90 100 120 120 Nominal Pipe Size 2 (ID = 75.4 / r = 8)
190.5 64 8 28.6 1" 160
190.5 64 8 28.6 1" 160
196.8 79 8 31.8 1 1/8" 195
150 300 400 108 115 115 190 210 210 23.9 28.6 31.8 127 127 127 152.4 168.3 168.3 30 43 46 4 8 8 19.1 22.2 22.2 5/8" 3/4" 3/4" 90 110 125 Nominal Pipe Size 3 (ID = 91.4 / r
600 115 210 31.8 127 168.3 46 8 22.2 3/4" 125 = 10)
900 127 240 38.1 127 190.5 54 8 25.4 7/8" 145
1500 125 265 47.7 127 203.2 73 8 31.8 1 1/8" 180
2500 125 305 66.7 127 228.6 92 8 34.9 1 1/4" 220
150 300 400 600 122 135 133 133 215 230 230 230 23.9 30.2 35 35 139.7 139.7 139.7 139.7 177.8 184.2 184.2 184.2 32 44 49 49 8 8 8 8 19.1 22.2 25.4 25.4 5/8" 3/4" 7/8" 7/8" 90 110 140 140 Nominal Pipe Size 3 (ID = 104.1 / r = 10)
900 -
1500 -
2500 -
150 300 400 600 135 146 146 152 230 255 254 275 23.9 31.8 35 38.1 157.2 157.2 157.2 157.2 190.5 200 200 215.9 33 48 51 54 8 8 8 8 19.1 22.2 25.4 25.4 5/8" 3/4" 7/8" 7/8" 90 115 140 145 Nominal Pipe Size 4 (ID = 116.8 / r = 11)
900 160 290 44.5 157.2 235 70 8 31.8 1 1/8" 170
1500 162 310 54 157.2 241.3 90 8 34.9 1 1/4" 195
2500 165 355 76.2 157.2 273 108 8 41.3 1 1/2" 255
Pressure Class Diameter - A Diameter - D Thickness - B
150 192 280 25.4
300 206 320 36.6
400 206 320 41.3
600 222 355 47.7
900 235 380 55.6
1500 230 395 82.6
2500 235 485 108
51
Diameter - G Diameter - K Height - H Bolt Holes Diameter - L Stud bolt Dia x Length
215.9 215.9 215.9 215.9 241.3 269.9 269.9 292.1 40 52 57 67 8 12 12 12 22.2 22.2 25.4 28.6 3/4" 3/4" 7/8" 1" 100 120 150 170 Nominal Pipe Size 6 (ID = 171.4 / r = 13)
215.9 317.5 86 12 31.8 1 1/8" 190
215.9 317.5 119 12 38.1 1 3/8" 260
215.9 368.3 152 8 54 2" 345
150 300 246 260 345 380 28.6 41.3 269.7 269.7 298.5 330.2 44 62 8 12 22.2 22.2 3/4" 7/8" 110 140 Nominal Pipe Size 8 (ID
400 260 381 47.7 269.7 330 68 12 28.6 1" 170 = 222.2 /
600 272 420 55.6 269.7 349.2 76 12 31.8 1 1/8" 190 r = 13)
900 298 470 63.5 269.7 393.7 114 12 38.1 1 3/8" 220
1500 290 485 92.1 269.7 393.7 143 12 44.5 1 5/8" 290
2500 305 550 127 269.7 438.2 178 12 54 2" 380
150 300 400 305 321 321 405 445 445 30.2 47.7 54 323.9 323.9 323.9 362 387.4 387.4 49 95 102 12 16 16 25.4 25.4 31.8 7/8" 1" 1 1/8" 115 160 190 Nominal Pipe Size 10 (ID = 277.4 /
600 345 510 63.5 323.9 431.8 111 16 34.9 1 1/4" 215 r = 13)
900 368 545 69.9 323.9 469.9 127 16 38.1 1 3/8" 235
1500 368 585 108 323.9 482.6 178 12 50.8 1 7/8" 335
2500 375 675 165.1 323.9 539.8 229 12 66.7 2 1/2" 490
150 300 400 600 365 375 375 400 485 520 520 560 31.8 50.8 57.2 66.7 381 381 381 381 431.8 450.8 450.8 489 56 102 108 117 12 16 16 20 25.4 28.6 34.9 34.9 7/8" 1 1/8" 1 1/4" 1 1/4" 120 170 205 220 Nominal Pipe Size 12 (ID = 328.2 / r = 13)
900 420 610 79.4 381 533.4 143 20 38.1 1 3/8" 255
1500 451 675 123.9 381 571.5 219 16 54 2" 375
2500 441 760 184.2 381 619.1 254 12 73 2 3/4" 540
52
150 300 400 425 535 585 35 54 412.8 412.8 476.3 514.4 79 111 12 20 28.6 31.8 1" 1 1/8" 135 180 Nominal Pipe Size 14 (ID
400 600 425 432 585 605 60.4 69.9 412.8 412.8 514.4 527 117 127 20 20 34.9 38.1 1 1/4" 1 3/8" 210 235 = 360.2 / r = 13)
900 451 640 85.8 412.8 558.8 156 20 41.3 1 1/2" 275
1500 495 750 133.4 412.8 635 241 16 60.3 2 1/4" 405
2500 -
150 300 457 485 595 650 36.6 57.2 469.9 469.9 539.8 571.5 87 121 16 20 28.6 31.8 1" 1 1/4" 135 190 Nominal Pipe Size 16 (ID
400 485 650 63.5 469.9 571.5 127 20 38.1 1 3/8" 220 = 411.2 /
600 495 685 76.2 469.9 603.2 140 20 41.3 1 1/2" 255 r = 13)
900 508 705 88.9 469.9 616 165 20 44.5 1 5/8" 285
1500 552 825 146.1 469.9 704.8 260 16 66.7 2 1/2" 445
2500 -
150 300 505 533 635 710 39.7 60.4 533.4 533.4 577.9 628.6 97 130 16 24 31.8 34.9 1 1/8" 1 1/4" 145 195 Nominal Pipe Size 18 (ID
400 600 533 545 710 745 66.7 82.6 533.4 533.4 628.6 654 137 152 24 20 38.1 44.5 1 3/8" 1 5/8" 230 275 = 462.3 / r = 13)
900 565 785 101.6 533.4 685.8 190 20 50.8 1 7/8" 325
1500 597 915 162 533.4 774.7 276 16 73 2 3/4" 495
2500 -
150 300 560 587 700 775 42.9 63.5 584.2 584.2 635 685.8 103 140 20 24 31.8 34.9 1 1/8" 1 1/4" 160 205 Nominal Pipe Size 20 (ID
400 587 775 69.9 584.2 685.8 146 24 41.3 1 1/2" 240 = 514.3 /
600 610 815 88.9 584.2 723.9 165 24 44.5 1 5/8" 285 r = 13)
900 622 855 108 584.2 749.3 210 20 54 2" 350
1500 641 985 177.8 584.2 831.8 292 16 79.4 3" 540
2500 -
53
150 300 663 702 815 915 47.7 69.9 692.2 692.2 749.3 812.8 111 152 20 24 34.9 41.3 1 1/4" 1 1/2" 170 230 Nominal Pipe Size 24 (ID
400 702 915 76.2 692.2 812.8 159 24 47.6 1 3/4" 265 = 615.9 /
600 718 940 101.6 692.2 838.2 184 24 50.8 1 7/8" 330 r = 13)
900 750 1040 139.7 692.2 901.7 267 20 66.7 2 1/2" 440
1500 762 1170 203.2 692.2 990.6 330 16 92.1 3 1/2" 615
2500 -
DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES OF LAP JOINT FLANGES ACCORDING TO ASME B16.5
Outside Diameter
24 = 1.6 mm | > 24 = 3.2 mm
Inside Diameter
10 = 0.8 mm | 12 = + 1.6 mm / - 0 mm


12 = + 2.4 mm / - 1.6 mm | 14 = 3.2
mm
Drilling
Thickness
18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0 | 20 = + 4.8 mm / - 0
Length thru Hub

18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0.8 mm | 20 = + 4.8
mm / - 1.6 mm
54
Dimensions Threaded flanges and Stud bolts according to ASME B16.5
150 30 90 9.6 11.2 35.1 60.3 14 15.6 4 15.9 1/2" 55 Nominal
300 38 95 12.7 14.3 35.1 66.7 21 22.6 4 15.9 1/2" 65 Pipe Size
400 38 95 14.3 20.7 35.1 66.7 22 28.4 4 15.9 1/2" 75 1/2
600 38 95 14.3 20.7 35.1 66.7 22 28.4 4 15.9 1/2" 75
900 38 120 22.3 28.7 35.1 82.6 32 38.4 4 22.2 3/4" 110
1500 38 120 22.3 28.7 35.1 82.6 32 38.4 4 22.2 3/4" 110
2500 43 135 30.2 36.6 35.1 88.9 40 46.4 4 22.2 3/4" 120
150 38 100 11.2 12.8 42.9 69.9 14 15.6 4 15.9 1/2" 65 Nominal
300 48 115 14.3 15.9 42.9 82.6 24 25.6 4 19.1 5/8" 75 Pipe Size
400 48 115 15.9 22.3 42.9 82.6 25 31.4 4 19.1 5/8" 90 3/4
600 48 115 15.9 22.3 42.9 82.6 25 31.4 4 19.1 5/8" 90
900 44 130 25.4 31.8 42.9 88.9 35 41.4 4 22.2 3/4" 115
1500 44 130 25.4 31.8 42.9 88.9 35 41.4 4 22.2 3/4" 115
2500 51 140 31.8 38.2 42.9 95.2 43 49.4 4 22.2 3/4" 125
55
150 300 400 49.2 54 54 110 125 125 12.7 15.9 17.5 14.3 17.5 23.9 50.8 50.8 50.8 79.4 88.9 88.9 16 25 27 17.6 26.6 33.4 4 4 4 15.9 19.1 19.1 1/2" 5/8" 5/8" 65 75 90 Nominal Pipe Size 1
600 54 125 17.5 23.9 50.8 88.9 27 33.4 4 19.1 5/8" 90
900 52 150 28.6 35 50.8 101.6 41 47.4 4 25.4 7/8" 125
1500 52 150 28.6 35 50.8 101.6 41 47.4 4 25.4 7/8" 125
2500 57 160 35 41.4 50.8 108 48 54.4 4 25.4 7/8" 140
150 300 400 59 64 64 115 135 125 14.3 17.5 20.7 15.9 19.1 27.1 63.5 63.5 63.5 88.9 98.4 98.4 19 25 29 20.6 26.6 35.4 4 4 4 15.9 19.1 19.1 1/2" 5/8" 5/8" 70 85 95 Nominal Pipe Size 1
600 64 135 20.7 27.1 63.5 98.4 29 35.4 4 19.1 5/8" 95
900 64 160 28.6 35 63.5 111.1 41 47.4 4 25.4 7/8" 125
1500 64 160 28.6 35 63.5 111.1 41 47.4 4 25.4 7/8" 125
2500 73 185 38.1 44.5 63.5 130.2 52 58.4 4 28.6 1" 150
150 300 400 65 70 70 125 155 155 15.9 19.1 22.3 17.5 20.7 28.7 73.2 73.2 73.2 98.4 114.3 114.3 21 29 32 22.6 31.6 38.4 4 4 4 15.9 22.2 22.2 1/2" 3/4" 3/4" 70 90 110 Nominal Pipe Size 1
600 70 155 22.3 28.7 73.2 114.3 32 38.4 4 22.2 3/4" 110
900 70 180 31.8 38.2 73.2 123.8 44 50.4 4 28.6 1" 140
1500 70 180 31.8 38.2 73.2 123.8 44 50.4 4 28.6 1" 140
2500 79 205 44.5 50.9 73.2 146 60 66.4 4 31.8 1 1/8" 170
150 78 150 17.5 19.1 91.9 120.7
300 84 165 20.7 22.3 91.9 127
400 84 165 25.4 31.8 91.9 127
600 84 165 25.4 31.8 91.9 127
900 105 215 38.1 44.5 91.9 165.1
1500 105 215 38.1 44.5 91.9 165.1
2500 95 235 50.9 57.3 91.9 171.4
56
24 32 37 25.6 33.6 43.4 4 8 8 19.1 19.1 19.1 5/8" 5/8" 5/8" 85 90 110 Nominal Pipe Size 2
37 43.4 8 19.1 5/8" 110
57 63.4 8 25.4 7/8" 145
57 63.4 8 25.4 7/8" 145
70 76.4 8 28.6 1" 180
150 300 400 90 100 100 180 190 190 20.7 23.9 28.6 22.3 25.5 35 104.6 104.6 104.6 139.7 149.2 149.2 27 37 41 28.6 38.6 47.4 4 8 8 19.1 22.2 22.2 5/8" 3/4" 3/4" 90 100 120 Nominal Pipe Size 2
600 100 190 28.6 35 104.6 149.2 41 47.4 8 22.2 3/4" 120
900 124 245 41.3 47.7 104.6 190.5 64 70.4 8 28.6 1" 160
1500 125 245 41.3 47.7 104.6 190.5 64 70.4 8 28.6 1" 160
2500 114 265 57.2 63.6 104.6 196.8 79 85.4 8 31.8 1 1/8" 195
DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES OF THREADED FLANGES ACCORDING TO ASME B16.5
Outside Diameter
24 = 1.6 mm | > 24 = 3.2 mm
Inside Diameter
10 = 0.8 mm | 12 = + 1.6 mm / - 0 mm


12 = + 2.4 mm / - 1.6 mm | 14 = 3.2
mm
Drilling
Thickness
18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0 | 20 = + 4.8 mm / - 0
Length thru Hub

18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0.8 mm | 20 = + 4.8
mm / - 1.6 mm
57
Dimensions Blind flanges and Stud bolts according to ASME B16.5
Pressure Class Diameter - D Height - B Diameter - G Diameter - K Bolt Holes Diameter - L Stud bolt Dia x Length
150 90 9.6 11.2 35.1 60.3 4 15.9 1/2" 55 Nominal
300 95 12.7 14.3 35.1 66.7 4 15.9 1/2" 65 Pipe Size
400 95 14.3 20.7 35.1 66.7 4 15.9 1/2" 75 1/2
600 95 14.3 20.7 35.1 66.7 4 15.9 1/2" 75
900 120 22.3 28.7 35.1 82.6 4 22.2 3/4" 110
1500 120 22.3 28.7 35.1 82.6 4 22.2 3/4" 110
2500 135 30.2 36.6 35.1 88.9 4 22.2 3/4" 120
150 100 11.2 12.8 42.9 69.9 4 15.9 1/2" 65 Nominal
300 115 14.3 15.9 42.9 82.6 4 19.1 5/8" 75 Pipe Size
400 115 15.9 22.3 42.9 82.6 4 19.1 5/8" 90 3/4
600 115 15.9 22.3 42.9 82.6 4 19.1 5/8" 90
900 130 25.4 31.8 42.9 88.9 4 22.2 3/4" 115
1500 130 25.4 31.8 42.9 88.9 4 22.2 3/4" 115
2500 140 31.8 38.2 42.9 95 4 22.2 3/4" 125
150 300 400 110 125 125 12.7 15.9 17.5 14.3 17.5 23.9 50.8 50.8 50.8 79.4 88.9 88.9 4 4 4 15.9 19.1 19.1 1/2" 5/8" 5/8" 65 75 90 Nominal Pipe Size 1
600 125 17.5 23.9 50.8 88.9 4 19.1 5/8" 90
900 150 28.6 35 50.8 101.6 4 25.4 7/8" 125
1500 150 28.6 35 50.8 101.6 4 25.4 7/8" 125
2500 160 35 41.4 50.8 107.4 4 25.4 7/8" 140
58
150 300 400 115 135 125 14.3 17.5 20.7 15.9 19.1 27.1 63.5 63.5 63.5 88.9 98.4 98.4 4 4 4 15.9 19.1 19.1 1/2" 5/8" 5/8" 70 85 95 Nominal Pipe Size 1
600 135 20.7 27.1 63.5 98.4 4 19.1 5/8" 95
900 160 28.6 35 63.5 111.1 4 25.4 7/8" 125
1500 160 28.6 35 63.5 111.1 4 25.4 7/8" 125
2500 185 38.1 44.5 63.5 130 4 28.6 1" 150
150 300 400 125 155 155 15.9 19.1 22.3 17.5 20.7 28.7 73 73 73 98.4 114.3 114.3 4 4 4 15.9 22.2 22.2 1/2" 3/4" 3/4" 70 90 110 Nominal Pipe Size 1
600 155 22.3 28.7 73 114.3 4 22.2 3/4" 110
900 180 31.8 38.2 73 123.8 4 28.6 1" 140
1500 180 31.8 38.2 73 123.8 4 28.6 1" 140
2500 205 44.5 50.9 73 146 4 31.8 1 1/8" 170
150 300 400 150 165 165 17.5 20.7 25.4 19.1 22.3 31.8 91.9 91.9 91.9 120.7 127 127 4 8 8 19.1 19.1 19.1 5/8" 5/8" 5/8" 85 90 110 Nominal Pipe Size 2
600 165 25.4 31.8 91.9 127 8 19.1 5/8" 110
900 215 38.1 44.5 91.9 165.1 8 25.4 7/8" 145
1500 215 38.1 44.5 91.9 165.1 8 25.4 7/8" 145
2500 235 50.9 57.3 91.9 171.4 8 28.6 1" 180
150 300 400 180 190 190 20.7 23.9 28.6 22.3 25.5 35 104.6 104.6 104.6 139.7 149.2 149.2 4 8 8 19.1 22.2 22.2 5/8" 3/4" 3/4" 90 100 120 Nominal Pipe Size 2
600 190 28.6 35 104.6 149.2 8 22.2 3/4" 120
900 245 41.3 47.7 104.6 190.5 8 28.6 1" 160
1500 245 41.3 47.7 104.6 190.5 8 28.6 1" 160
2500 265 57.2 63.6 104.6 197 8 31.8 1 1/8" 195
59
150 300 400 190 210 210 22.3 27 31.8 23.9 28.6 38.2 127 127 127 152.4 168.3 168.3 4 8 8 19.1 22.2 22.2 5/8" 3/4" 3/4" 90 110 125 Nominal Pipe Size 3
600 210 31.8 38.2 127 168.3 8 22.2 3/4" 125
900 240 38.1 44.5 127 190.5 8 25.4 7/8" 145
1500 265 47.7 54.1 127 205 8 31.8 1 1/8" 180
2500 305 66.7 73.1 127 230 8 34.9 1 1/4" 220
150 300 400 215 230 230 22.3 28.6 35 23.9 30.2 41.4 139.7 139.7 139.7 177.8 184.2 184.2 8 8 8 19.1 22.2 25.4 5/8" 3/4" 7/8" 90 110 140 Nominal Pipe Size 3
600 230 35 41.4 139.7 184.2 8 25.4 7/8" 140
900 -
1500 -
2500 -
150 230 22.3 23.9 157.2 190.5 8 19.1 5/8" 90
300 400 255 254 30.2 35 31.8 41.4 157.2 157.2 200 200 8 8 22.2 25.4 3/4" 7/8" 115 140 Nominal Pipe Size 4
600 275 38.1 44.5 157.2 215.9 8 25.4 7/8" 145
900 290 44.5 50.9 157.2 235 8 31.8 1 1/8" 170
1500 310 54 60.4 157.2 240 8 34.9 1 1/4" 195
2500 355 76.2 82.6 157.2 273 8 41.3 1 1/2" 255
150 280 23.9 25.5 215.9 241.3 8 22.2 3/4" 100
300 400 320 320 35 41.3 36.6 47.7 215.9 215.9 269.9 269.9 12 12 22.2 25.4 3/4" 7/8" 120 150 Nominal Pipe Size 6
600 355 47.7 54.3 215.9 292.1 12 28.6 1" 170
900 380 55.6 62 215.9 317.5 12 31.8 1 1/8" 190
1500 395 82.6 89 215.9 320 12 38.1 1 3/8" 260
2500 485 108 114.4 215.9 368 8 54 2" 345
60
150 345 27 28.6 269.9 298.5 8 22.2 3/4" 110
300 380 39.7 41.3 269.7 330.2 12 22.2 7/8" 140 Nominal Pipe
400 381 47.7 54.1 269.7 330 12 28.6 1" 170 Size 8
600 420 55.6 62 269.7 349.2 12 31.8 1 1/8" 190
900 470 63.5 69.9 269.7 393.7 12 38.1 1 3/8" 220
1500 485 92.1 98.5 269.7 395 12 44.5 1 5/8" 290
2500 550 127 133.4 269.7 438.1 12 54 2" 380
150 405 28.6 30.2 323.9 362 12 25.4 7/8" 115
300 445 46.1 47.7 323.9 387.4 16 25.4 1" 160 Nominal Pipe
400 445 54 60.4 323.9 387.4 16 31.8 1 1/8" 190 Size 10
600 510 63.5 69.9 323.9 431.8 16 34.9 1 1/4" 215
900 545 69.9 76.3 323.9 469.9 16 38.1 1 3/8" 235
1500 585 108 114.4 323.9 485 12 50.8 1 7/8" 335
2500 675 165 171.5 323.9 539.7 12 66.7 2 1/2" 490
150 485 30.2 31.8 381 431.8 12 25.4 7/8" 120
300 400 520 520 49.3 57.2 50.9 63.4 381 381 450.8 450.8 16 16 28.6 34.9 1 1/8" 1 1/4" 170 205 Nominal Pipe Size 12
600 560 66.7 73.1 381 489 20 34.9 1 1/4" 220
900 610 79.4 85.8 381 533.4 20 38.1 1 3/8" 255
1500 675 123.9 130.3 381 571.5 16 54 2" 375
2500 760 184.2 190.6 381 619.1 12 73 2 3/4" 540
150 535 33.4 35 412.8 476.3 12 28.6 1" 135
300 400 585 585 52.4 60.4 54 66.8 412.8 412.8 514.4 514.4 20 20 31.8 34.9 1 1/8" 1 1/4" 180 210 Nominal Pipe Size 14
600 605 69.9 76.3 412.8 527 20 38.1 1 3/8" 235
900 640 85.8 92.2 412.8 558.8 20 41.3 1 1/2" 275
1500 750 133.4 139.8 412.8 635 16 60.3 2 1/4" 405
2500 -
61
150 595 35 36.6 469.9 539.8 16 28.6 1" 135
300 400 650 650 55.6 63.5 57.2 69.9 469.9 469.9 571.5 571.5 20 20 31.8 38.1 1 1/4" 1 3/8" 190 220 Nominal Pipe Size 16
600 685 76.2 82.6 469.9 603.2 20 41.3 1 1/2" 255
900 705 88.9 95.3 469.9 616 20 44.5 1 5/8" 285
1500 825 146.1 152.5 469.9 705 16 66.7 2 1/2" 445
2500 -
150 635 38.1 39.7 533.4 577.9 16 31.8 1 1/8" 145
600 745 82.6 89 533.4 654 20 44.5 1 5/8" 275
900 785 101.6 108 533.4 685.8 20 50.8 1 7/8" 325
1500 915 162 168.4 533.4 775 16 73 2 3/4" 495
2500 -
150 300 400 700 775 775 41.3 62 69.9 42.9 63.6 76.3 584.2 584.2 584.2 635 685.8 685.8 20 24 24 31.8 34.9 41.3 1 1/8" 1 1/4" 1 1/2" 160 205 240 Nominal Pipe Size 20
600 815 88.9 95.3 584.2 723.9 24 44.5 1 5/8" 285
900 855 108 114.4 584.2 749.3 20 54 2" 350
1500 985 180 184.2 584.2 831.8 16 79.4 3" 540
2500 -
150 815 46.1 47.7 692.2 749.3 20 34.9 1 1/4" 170
600 940 101.6 108 692.2 838.2 24 50.8 1 7/8" 330
900 1040 139.7 146.1 692.2 901.7 20 66.7 2 1/2" 440
1500 1170 203.2 209.6 692.2 990.6 16 92.1 3 1/2" 615
2500 -
62
Dimensions Weld Neck flanges and Stud bolts according to ASME B16.5
150 300 400 600 30 38 38 38 90 95 95 95 9.6 12.7 14.3 14.3 11.2 14.3 20.7 20.7 35.1 35.1 35.1 35.1 60.3 66.7 66.7 66.7 46 51 52 52 47.6 52.6 58.4 58.4 4 4 4 4 15.9 15.9 15.9 15.9 1/2" 1/2" 1/2" 1/2" 55 65 75 75 Nominal Pipe Size 1/2 - O.D. = 21.3
900 38 120 22.3 28.7 35.1 82.6 60 66.4 4 22.2 3/4" 110
1500 38 120 22.3 28.7 35.1 82.6 60 66.4 4 22.2 3/4" 110
2500 43 135 30.2 36.6 35.1 88.9 73 79.4 4 22.2 3/4" 120
150 300 400 600 38 48 48 48 100 115 115 115 11.2 14.3 15.9 15.9 12.8 15.9 22.3 22.3 42.9 42.9 42.9 42.9 69.9 82.6 82.6 82.6 51 56 57 57 52.6 57.6 63.4 63.4 4 4 4 4 15.9 19.1 19.1 19.1 1/2" 5/8" 5/8" 5/8" 65 75 90 90 Nominal Pipe Size 3/4 - O.D. = 26.7
900 44 130 25.4 31.8 42.9 88.9 70 76.4 4 22.2 3/4" 115
1500 44 130 25.4 31.8 42.9 88.9 70 76.4 4 22.2 3/4" 115
2500 51 140 31.8 38.2 42.9 95 79 85.4 4 22.2 3/4" 125
150 49.2 110 12.7 14.3 50.8 79.4
300 54 125 15.9 17.5 50.8 88.9
400 54 125 17.5 23.9 50.8 88.9
600 54 125 17.5 23.9 50.8 88.9
900 52 150 28.6 35 50.8 101.6
1500 52 150 28.6 35 50.8 101.6
2500 57 160 35 41.4 50.8 107.4
63
54 60 55.6 61.6 4 4 15.9 19.1 1/2" 5/8" 65 75 Nominal Pipe Size 1 -
62 62 68.4 68.4 4 4 19.1 19.1 5/8" 5/8" 90 90 O.D. = 33.4
73 79.4 4 25.4 7/8" 125
73 79.4 4 25.4 7/8" 125
89 95.4 4 25.4 7/8" 140
150 59 115 14.3 15.9 63.5 88.9 56 57.6 4 15.9 1/2" 70 Nominal Pipe
300 63.5 135 17.5 19.1 63.5 98.4 64 65.6 4 19.1 5/8" 85 Size 1
400 600 64 64 135 135 20.7 20.7 27.1 27.1 63.5 63.5 98.4 98.4 67 67 73.4 73.4 4 4 19.1 19.1 5/8" 5/8" 95 95 - O.D. = 42.2
900 64 160 28.6 35 63.5 111.1 73 79.4 4 25.4 7/8" 125
1500 64 160 28.6 35 63.5 111.1 73 79.4 4 25.4 7/8" 125
2500 73 185 38.1 44.5 63.5 130 95 101.4 4 28.6 1" 150
150 300 400 600 65 70 70 70 125 155 155 155 15.9 19.1 22.3 22.3 17.5 20.7 28.7 28.7 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 98.4 114.3 114.3 114.3 60 67 70 70 61.6 68.6 76.4 76.4 4 4 4 4 15.9 22.2 22.2 22.2 1/2" 3/4" 3/4" 3/4" 70 90 110 110 Nominal Pipe Size 1 - O.D. = 48.3 150 78 150 17.5 19.1 91.9 120.7 62 63.6 4 19.1 5/8" 85 Nominal Pipe 300 400 84 84 165 165 20.7 25.4 22.3 31.8 91.9 91.9 127 127 68 73 69.6 79.4 8 8 19.1 19.1 5/8" 5/8" 90 110 Size 2 - O.D. = 60.3 600 84 165 25.4 31.8 91.9 127 73 79.4 8 19.1 5/8" 110
900 70 180 31.8 38.2 73.2 123.8 83 89.4 4 28.6 1" 140 900 105 215 38.1 44.5 91.9 165.1 102 108.4 8 25.4 7/8" 145
1500 70 180 31.8 38.2 73.2 123.8 83 89.4 4 28.6 1" 140 1500 105 215 38.1 44.5 91.9 165.1 102 108.4 8 25.4 7/8" 145
2500 79 205 44.5 50.9 73.2 146 111 117.4 4 31.8 1 1/8" 170 2500 95 235 50.9 57.3 91.9 171.4 127 133.4 8 28.6 1" 180
64
150 300 400 600 90 100 100 100 180 190 190 190 20.7 23.9 28.6 28.6 22.3 25.5 35 35 104.6 104.6 104.6 104.6 139.7 149.2 149.2 149.2 68 75 79 79 69.6 76.6 85.4 85.4 4 8 8 8 19.1 22.2 22.2 22.2 5/8" 3/4" 3/4" 3/4" 90 100 120 120 Nominal Pipe Size 2 - O.D. = 73
900 125 245 41.3 47.7 104.6 190.5 105 111.4 8 28.6 1" 160
1500 125 245 41.3 47.7 104.6 190.5 105 111.4 8 28.6 1" 160
2500 114 265 57.2 63.6 104.6 197 143 149.4 8 31.8 1 1/8" 195
150 300 400 600 108 115 115 115 190 210 210 210 22.3 27 31.8 31.8 23.9 28.6 38.2 38.2 127 127 127 127 152.4 168.3 168.3 168.3 68 78 83 83 69.6 79.6 89.4 89.4 4 8 8 8 19.1 22.2 22.2 22.2 5/8" 3/4" 3/4" 3/4" 90 110 125 125 Nominal Pipe Size 3 - O.D. = 88.9
900 127 240 38.1 44.5 127 190.5 102 108.4 8 25.4 7/8" 145
1500 125 265 47.7 54.1 127 205 117 123.4 8 31.8 1 1/8" 180
2500 125 305 66.7 73.1 127 230 168 174.4 8 34.9 1 1/4" 220
150 300 400 122 135 133 215 230 230 22.3 28.6 35 23.9 30.2 41.4 139.7 139.7 139.7 177.8 184.2 184.2 70 79 86 71.6 80.6 92.4 8 8 8 19.1 22.2 25.4 5/8" 3/4" 7/8" 90 110 140 Nominal Pipe Size 3 - O.D. = 101.6
600 133 230 35 41.4 139.7 184.2 86 92.4 8 25.4 7/8" 140
900 -
1500 -
2500 -
150 135 230 22.3 23.9 157.2 190.5
300 146 255 30.2 31.8 157.2 200
400 146 255 35 41.4 157.2 200
600 152 275 38.1 44.5 157.2 215.9
900 160 290 44.5 50.9 157.2 235
1500 162 310 54 60.4 157.2 240
2500 165 355 76.2 82.6 157.2 273
65
75 84 76.6 85.6 8 8 19.1 22.2 5/8" 3/4" 90 115 Nominal Pipe Size 4 -
89 102 95.4 108.4 8 8 25.4 25.4 7/8" 7/8" 140 145 O.D. = 114.3
114 120.4 8 31.8 1 1/8" 170
124 130.4 8 34.9 1 1/4" 195
190 196.4 8 41.3 1 1/2" 255
150 300 164 180 255 280 22.3 33.4 23.9 35 185.7 185.7 215.9 235 87 97 88.6 98.6 8 8 22.2 22.2 3/4" 3/4" 95 120 Nominal Pipe Size 5 -
400 600 180 189 280 330 38.1 44.5 44.5 50.9 185.7 185.7 235 266.7 102 114 108.4 120.4 8 8 25.4 28.6 7/8" 1" 145 165 O.D. = 141.3
900 190 350 50.8 57.2 185.7 279.4 127 133.4 8 34.9 1 1/4" 190
1500 197 375 73.1 79.5 185.7 290 156 162.4 8 41.3 1 1/2" 250
2500 205 420 92.1 98.5 185.7 323.8 226 232.4 8 47.6 1 3/4" 300
150 300 192 206 280 320 23.9 35 25.5 36.6 215.9 215.9 241.3 269.9 87 97 88.6 98.6 8 12 22.2 22.2 3/4" 3/4" 100 120 Nominal Pipe Size 6
400 600 206 222 320 355 41.3 47.7 47.7 54.3 215.9 215.9 269.9 292.1 103 117 109.4 123.4 12 12 25.4 28.6 7/8" 1" 150 170 - O.D. = 168.3 400 600 260 272 380 420 47.7 55.6 54.1 62 269.7 269.7 330 349.2 117 133 123.4 139.4 12 12 28.6 31.8 1" 1 1/8" 170 190 - O.D. = 219
900 235 380 55.6 62 215.9 317.5 140 146.4 12 31.8 1 1/8" 190 900 298 470 63.5 69.9 269.7 393.7 162 168.4 12 38.1 1 3/8" 220
1500 230 395 82.6 89 215.9 320 171 177.4 12 38.1 1 3/8" 260 1500 290 485 92.1 98.5 269.7 395 213 219.4 12 44.5 1 5/8" 290
2500 235 485 108 114.4 215.9 368 273 279.4 8 54 2" 345 2500 305 550 127 133.4 269.7 438.1 318 324.4 12 54 2" 380
150 300 246 260 345 380 27 39.7 28.6 41.3 269.7 269.7 298.5 330.2 100 110 101.6 111.6 8 12 22.2 22.2 3/4" 7/8" 110 140 Nominal Pipe Size 8
66
150 300 400 600 305 321 321 345 405 445 445 510 28.6 46.1 54 63.5 30.2 47.7 60.4 69.9 323.9 323.9 323.9 323.9 362 387.4 387.4 431.8 100 116 124 152 101.6 117.6 130.4 158.4 12 16 16 16 25.4 25.4 31.8 34.9 7/8" 1" 1 1/8" 1 1/4" 115 160 190 215 Nominal Pipe Size 10 - O.D. = 273
900 368 545 69.9 76.3 323.9 469.9 184 190.4 16 38.1 1 3/8" 235
1500 368 585 108 114.4 323.9 485 254 260.4 12 50.8 1 7/8" 335
2500 375 675 165 171.5 323.9 539.7 419 425.4 12 66.7 2 1/2" 490
150 300 365 375 485 520 30.2 49.3 31.8 50.9 381 381 431.8 450.8 113 129 114.6 130.6 12 16 25.4 28.6 7/8" 1 1/8" 120 170 Nominal Pipe Size 12
400 600 375 400 520 560 57.2 66.7 63.4 73.1 381 381 450.8 489 137 156 143.4 162.4 16 20 34.9 34.9 1 1/4" 1 1/4" 205 220 - O.D. = 323.9
900 420 610 79.4 85.8 381 533.4 200 206.4 20 38.1 1 3/8" 255
1500 451 675 123.9 130.3 381 571.5 283 289.4 16 54 2" 375
2500 441 760 184.2 190.6 381 619.1 464 470.4 12 73 2 3/4" 540
150 300 400 600 400 425 425 432 535 585 585 605 33.4 52.4 60.4 69.9 35 54 66.8 76.3 412.8 412.8 412.8 412.8 476.3 514.4 514.4 527 125 141 149 165 126.6 142.6 155.4 171.4 12 20 20 20 28.6 31.8 34.9 38.1 1" 1 1/8" 1 1/4" 1 3/8" 135 180 210 235 Nominal Pipe Size 14 - O.D. = 355
900 451 640 85.8 92.2 412.8 558.8 212 219.4 20 41.3 1 1/2" 275
1500 495 750 133.4 139.8 412.8 635 298 304.4 16 60.3 2 1/4" 405
2500 -
150 457 595 35 36.6 469.9 539.8
300 485 650 55.6 57.2 469.9 571.5
400 485 650 63.5 69.9 469.9 571.5
600 495 685 76.2 82.6 469.9 603.2
900 508 705 88.9 95.3 469.9 616
1500 550 825 146.1 152.5 469.9 705
2500 -
67
125 144 152 178 126.6 145.6 158.4 184.4 16 20 20 20 28.6 31.8 38.1 41.3 1" 1 1/4" 1 3/8" 1 1/2" 135 190 220 255 Nominal Pipe Size 16 - O.D. = 406.4
216 222.4 20 44.5 1 5/8" 285
311 317.4 16 66.7 2 1/2" 445
150 300 505 533 635 710 38.1 58.8 39.7 60.4 533.4 533.4 577.9 628.6 138 157 139.6 158.6 16 24 31.8 34.9 1 1/8" 1 1/4" 145 195 Nominal Pipe Size 18
400 600 533 545 710 745 66.7 82.6 73.1 89 533.4 533.4 628.6 654 165 184 171.4 190.4 24 20 38.1 44.5 1 3/8" 1 5/8" 230 275 - O.D. = 457.2
900 565 785 101.6 108 533.4 685.8 229 235.4 20 50.8 1 7/8" 325
1500 597 915 162 168.4 533.4 775 327 333.4 16 73 2 3/4" 495
2500 -
150 300 560 587 700 775 41.3 62 42.9 63.6 584.2 584.2 635 685.8 143 160 144.6 161.6 20 24 31.8 34.9 1 1/8" 1 1/4" 160 205 Nominal Pipe Size 20 150 300 663 702 815 915 46.1 68.3 47.7 69.9 692.2 692.2 749.3 812.8 151 167 152.6 168.6 20 24 34.9 41.3 1 1/4" 1 1/2" 170 230 Nominal Pipe Size 24
400 600 587 610 775 815 69.9 88.9 76.3 95.3 584.2 584.2 685.8 723.9 168 190 174.4 196.4 24 24 41.3 44.5 1 1/2" 1 5/8" 240 285 - O.D. = 508 400 600 702 718 915 940 76.2 101.6 82.6 108 692.2 692.2 812.8 838.2 175 203 181.4 209.4 24 24 47.6 50.8 1 3/4" 1 7/8" 265 330 - O.D. = 610
900 622 855 108 114.4 584.2 749.3 248 254.4 20 54 2" 350 900 750 1040 139.7 146.1 692.2 901.7 292 298.4 20 66.7 2 1/2" 440
1500 640 985 180 184.2 584.2 831.8 356 362.4 16 79.4 3" 540 1500 762 1170 203.2 209.6 692.2 990.6 406 412.4 16 92.1 3 1/2" 615
2500 2500 -
68

Flanges General For Dummies

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Flanges General For Dummies

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FLANGES GENERAL FOR DUMMIES

MATERIALS FOR FLANGES

Welding Neck flange 6"-150#-S40-ASME B16.5 / ASTM A105.

BOLTED FLANGE CONNECTIONS

FLANGED CONNECTIONS VERSUS WELDED CONNECTIONS

150Lbs - 300Lbs - 400Lbs - 600Lbs - 900Lbs - 1500Lbs - 2500Lbs

(1) Do not use over 425C.

Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASTM Group 2-1.1 Materials

425 450 475 500 538

5.5 4.6 3.7 2.8 1.4

28.8 23 17.4 11.8 5.9

38.4 30.7 23.2 15.7 7.9

57.5 46 34.9 23.5 11.8

86.3 69 52.3 35.3 17.7

143.8 115 87.2 58.8 29.5

239.7 191.7 145.3 97.9 49.2

Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASTM Group 2-2.3 Materials

WELDING NECK FLANGE

Socket Weld FLANGE

Lap Joint FLANGE

1. Blind flange 2. Stud Bolt 3. Gasket 4. Other

RAISED FACE (RF)

Raised Face height

FLAT FACE (FF)

flat face flange has a gasket

RING-TYPE JOINT (RTJ)

ring type joint flanges are

Ring Type Joint gaskets

tongue and groove faces

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF T&G AND M&F FLANGE FACES

FLANGE FACE FINISH

THE MOST USED SURFACES ARE

WHAT IS A FLANGE GASKET

Non-metallic types Semi-metallic types Metallic types

Semi-metallic gaskets are composites of metal and

Metallic gaskets are fabricated from

OFTEN USED SEMI-METALLIC GASKETS

Spiral wound gaskets

Metal jacketed gaskets

STUD BOLT GENERAL

IMAGE of a nut with on one side a

IMAGE of a both sites chamfered nut.

MATERIALS FOR STUDBOLTS

GRADE THREAD RODS

ASTM A 350 Gr. LF3

ASTM A 350 Gr. LF2

ASTM A 182 Gr. F11, F22

A 193 Gr. B16

ASTM A182 Gr. F11, F22

A 193 Gr. B8 Class 1

ASTM A182 Gr. F304 H, F316 H

A 193 Gr. B8 Class 1

WHAT ARE SPECIAL FLANGES

NPT tappings in each flange.

Dimensions from orifice

the point can be

Concentric Orifice Plate

Eccentric Orifice Plate

Segmental Orifice Plate

SPADES (SINGLE BLINDS) / RING SPACER

SURFACES / DIMENSIONS / MATERIAL

LONG WELDING NECK FLANGE