Ù tmZmenf y k* d~ K vfw dk@ .

vky fi ef; ud k qH k; cef; wdk i fq ufv ufI aqmif& Gu f& rnf Ù

trSwfpOf 90§2008 2008 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (30) &uf?

“»»» usrwd@k taeeJ@vnf; Edik if aH &;tusOf;om;rsm;tm;vH;k tjrefq;kH vGwaf jrmufa&;/ c|wf,iG ;f

csufr&Sd vGwaf jrmufa&;[m t"duOD;wnfcsufw&yfjzpf&r,fq+kd yD;awmh oHEÏdM mefcsxm;+yD; jzpfyg
w,f? wOD;wa,muf Oyrm usr wOD;wa,muf vGwv f mvd@k auseyfp&m&,fv@kd r[kwyf gb;l ?
Edik if aH &;tusOf;om;rsm;tm;vHk; Edik fiHa&;tusOf;usrsm;qkw d m usrwkd@tzG@J 0ifrsm;omr[kwfygbl;?
wjcm;Edik if aH &;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;u tjcm;Edik if aH &;v_yf&Sm;wJo h rl sm; tusOf;usaew,fqv kd @kd &S&d if
tm;vH;k [m c|wf,iG ;f csufr&Sd tjrefq;kH vGwzf @dk qkw d m usrwk@d óud;pm;&r,fu h pd w
P ckjzpfygw,f?
usrwd@k 'Dvt kd epftemcH+yD;awmh vkycf w hJ &hJ aJ bmf&b
J ufawG&ŒJ rsufEmS udk axmuf+yD;awmh quf+yD;
awmh trsm;}uD;vkyzf k@d vkyd gw,f? t&ifumvawGxuf yd+k yD;awmh tvkyv f yk &f r,fh
tcsdefqkdwm usrwdk@&JŒ tzGJŒ0ifawGudk em;vnfapcsifygw,f? tcGifhta&;r&vkd@
a':atmifq ef ; pk= unfu dk vkyfv@kd r&vk@d rvkyb
f ;l qd+k yD;awmh xdik af ewJhval wG tckawmh qifajcay;vdk@ r&awmh
bl;aemf? tvkyfuav;u enf;enf;vkyfvmEdkif+yDqdkvdk@&Sd&if vkyf&ygvdrfhr,f»»»”
aemufq Hk; t}udr fr w&m;zrf;qD; xm;wm
(2002 ckE Spf/ arv 27 &ufae@/a&G;aumufyJG 12 ESp fajrmuf ESpfy wfv nf
,ckqdk& if (5)ESpf( 7)v &Sdo Gm ;yg+yD?
tcrf; tem;wG i f ajym=um;aom rd e f@ cGe f; rS)

(88)ESpaf jrmuftrsdK;om;atmifyaGJ eŒ NLD ±H;k csKyfrmS usif;y

trdsK;om;'Drku d a&pDtzG@J csKyfuawmh tzG@J csKyf&k;H rSm trsKd ;om;

bDbDpD 22 &uf/ Edk0ifb mv/ 2008
jrefrmppftpd;k &u trdsK;om;atmifyGJae@ txdr;f trSwyf aJG wG
OD;pD;usi;f ywmr&SdayrJh jrefrmowif;pmawGxJ azmfjyxm;wJh etz
t}uD;tuJ Adkvcf sKyfrSL;}uD; oef;a&$&JΠtrdsK;om;atmifyJaG e@ o0%f
v$mxJrSmawmh rl0g'vrf;pOf (7) &yfukd taumif txnfazmfEidk af &;
jynfow l pf&yfv;kH yg0ifaqmif&u
G f=u&r,fv@kd azmfjyxm;ygw,f?
atmifyaGJ e@tcrf;tem;udk usi;f ycJh+y;D tJ't D crf;tem;udk 0g&ifhEidk if H
a&;orm;awG Edik fijH cm;oHwrefawG pmayynm&Siaf wG teft,fvf'D
tzGJ@0ifawG pkpak ygif; (300) avmuf wufa&mufcJh=uygw,f?
trdsK;om;atmifyGJae@tjzpf owfrSwfcJhwJh udkvdkeDynma&;
pepfudk qef@usifwJh 1920 ausmif;om;oydwf}uD;aemufydkif;
ay:aygufvmwJh trdsK;om;ausmif;awGuae udkEk/ udkatmifqef;/
udAk [de;f pwJh rsdK; qufopfacgif;aqmifawG arG;xkwaf y;cJhw,fvdk@
trdsK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf jyef=um;a&;tzG@J 0if OD;^m%f0if;u ajym
ygw,f?
tm%mydik af wGu vrf;awGydwx f m;+y;D vHkòcaH &;wif;=uyfxm;
wJhtwGuf rvma&mufEikd o f al wGvJ &Sdw,fv@dk qkyd gw,f? avmavm
q,f tusOf;axmifwGif; w&m;pD&ifr_awGrmS axmif'%fcscHch&J wJh
trdsK;om;'Drdkom;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tzG@J 0ifpkpkaygif; (100) ausmf
&Sad e+yDvdk@ OD;^m%f0if;u ajymygw,f?
OOOOO

pmrsufESm - 1
 Ù a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf/ OD; wif O D; ES i f h Ek di f i H a &;tusOf ; om;rsm; csuf j cif ; v$ w f ?

trsdK ;om;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@csKyf

trSw f( 97§c)/ taemufa &$* Hkw dki fv rf;
A[ef; òrd@e,f/ &efu ke fòrd@
2008 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (22) &uf ?
1370 ckESpf/ wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf (10) &uf ?

(88) }udraf jrmuf trsdK;om;atmifyGJae‹ a-unmpmwrf;

a-unmcsut f rSwf =21§11§08
1? ,ae@onf 1370 ckESpf/ wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf (11) &ufae@jzpfI (88) ESpfajrmuf trsdK;om;atmifyGJae@jzpfonf? trsdK;
om;atmifyGJae@onf jrefrmEdkifiHordik f;wGif *k%fodumQ }uD;rm;+yD; arhaysmufIr&Edkifaom ae@x;l ae@jrwfwpfck jzpfayonf? txl;ojzifh
jrefrmhvw
G af jrmufa&;wdu k yf o
JG rdik ;f wGif xm0&pHerlemESihf oifcef;pm,lp&m ordik ;f armfueG ;f 0ifae@wpfae@jzpfygonf? xd@k tjyif jrefrmEdik fiaH wmf
vGwfajrmufa&;wdu k yf pGJ Of}uD;udk pwifwyfveS f@ E_d;aqmfay;cJah om ae@vnf;jzpfonf? jynfaxmifpzk mG ; wdik ;f &if;om;wdk@. ta&;}uD;v#ijf zifh
aoG;pnf;cJh=uonfh ordik f;om"uudk oufaoxljycJhaom ae@vnf;jzpfonf?

2? ordik ;f udk jynf=unfah omf udv

k ked De,fcsJŒwdk@onf jrefrmEdik if t
H ay: oH;k }urd w
f kid fwidk f ppfyJq
G ifE+$J yD; usL;ausmw f ku d fcu
dk f odrf;ydkufc&Jh m
jrefrmjynfojl ynfom;rsm; xD;usdK;pnfaygufum udkvdket D kyfcsKyfa&;pepfatmufodk@ usa&mufch&J onf? udv k edk Dtkycf sKyfa&;pepfudk tvsOf;
rcHvdkaom jrefrmwdkif;&if;om;jynfolrsm;onf e,fcsJŒwdk@tm; enf;vrf;aygif;pHkjzifh ckcHwGef;vSefcJh=uonf? aemufqHk;wGif tm;rwefI
rmefavsmch =hJ u&aomfvnf; ,if;tkycf sKyfa&;pepfudk vufrcHaom trdsK;om;v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;udkum; pOfqufrjywf ±ke;f uefv_yf&mS ;cJh=uonf?

3? e,fcsŒJ wdk@onf udv k ekd Dtyk cf sKyfa&;pepf oufwrf;&Snaf tmif enf;vrf;aygi;f pHjk zifh zefw;D cJ=h uonf? Oyrm jrefrmhynma&;udk csK;d edrf+y;D
csKyfcs,uf ef@owfaom &efukew f uUov dk ftufOya' jzpfygonf? jrefrmEdik fiH 'kwd,bk&ifcHonf 1920 ckEpS f/ 'DZifbmv (1) &ufae@wGif
twnfðy jyÏmef;cJhaom wuUov dk ftufOya'wGif -
(u) jrefrmjynfwGif wuUokv d wf pfckwnf;om&S&d rnf? xdw k uUokv d fvufatmufwiG fvnf; aumfvdyaf usmif;
wpfausmif;wnf; om&Sd&rnf?
(c) xdkwpfckwnf;aom wuUokv d fEiS hf aumvdyfonfvnf; &efuek òf rdŒYom &Sd&rnf?
(*) xdkwuUokv d Ef iS hf aumfvdyfo@dk 0ifa&mufynmoif=um;vdak om ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;onf ausmif;tdyf ausmif;pm;
tjzpf ae&rnf?
(C) tpdk;&u ðyvkyaf om [dkupf ul;zdik fe,f(ac: ) q,fwef;pmar;yGJudk atmifjrifrSom wuUodkvo f @dk wufa&muf cGi&fh &Sd rnf?
od@k &mwGif wuUov kd 0f ifciG &hf &ef t*Fvyd b f momESihf tjcm;bmom&yfwpfcck w k iG f xl;c|efpmG atmifjrif&rnf? xd@k jyif [du
k pf ul;
zdik ef ,f atmifjrif+y;D aomfvnf; wuUov kd of @kd rwufa&mufrD wuUov kd f ynm&yfrsm;udk aumif;pGm oif,l vdu k ef m&eftwGuf
jyifqifr_twef;wGif wpfESpfae&rnf?
ponfjzifh wuUov kd yf nmoif=um;a&;twGuf rvdv k m;tyfaom uef@owfcsKycf s,rf r_ sm;yg0ifaeonf? xd@k a=umifh ,if;wuUov kd f
tufOya'onf tkyfcsKyfolwdk@ESifh "etiftm;jynfhpo Hk l vlenf;pkwdk@. om;orD;rsm;twGuf tqifajyaomfvnf; awmifolv,form;/
tvkyo f rm; ponfh tjcm;vlwef;pm;wd@k . om;orD;rsm;twGurf l wuUov kd yf nm&yfrsm;udk oif=um;Edik fjcif; r&Sad p&ef uef@owfxm;onfh
Oya'jzpfcho J nf?

4? TuJo h @kd aom tajctaet&yf&yfwGif udb k OD; acgi;f aqmifaom &efuek w

f uUov kd af usmif;om;wd@k u 1282 ckEpS /f wefaqmifrek ;f v
jynfhausmf (10) &ufae@Y &efukefwuUodkvftufOya'udk oydwfarSmufcJh=uonf? ausmif;ol ausmif;om; wdk@onf udk,fudsK;pD;yGm;udk
rar#muf ;kd bJ pGe@f vw$ pf eG @f pm;r_rsm;pGmjzifh trsm;tudsK;twGuf trdsK;om;a&;wm0efux kd rf;aqmifc=hJ uonf? trdsK;om;a&;twGuf vdt k yfv#if
toufuydk ifpGef@&ef &J0jhH ywfom;pGm wdu k yf 0GJ if&Ef qHk;jzwfch=J uonf?

5? “u|eyf nma&; tvdkr&S/d tkyfp;kd olukd t&Sio f cifvokd abmxm; 'l;wkwef mcHwwf±/kH cdik ;f wmvkyfwwf±o kH m oifay;aom u|eyf nm
tvdrk &S/d tkyfp;kd olvkyo
f r# acgi;f iHk@rcH/ awmfvSeyf pfrnf” [laom ausmif;om;wd@k . oydww
f u dk yf 0JG if aºuG;a=umfooH nf jrefrmwdki;f &if;om;

pmrsufESm - 2
 Ù trsm;jynf o l oabmrwl w J h ppft m%m&S i f r S e f o r# wm0ef t &zDq ef = u?

jynfow l @kd . vGwv f yfvpkd w

d u
f kd wyfveS @f E;kd aqmfay;vdu
k o
f nf? xdak usmif;om;oydwof nf wpfrsd K;om;vH;k twGuf Edik if EH iS t
hf 0Sr;f trdsK;om;a&;
pdw"f gwrf sm; &Sio
f efEdk;=um;vmcJo h nf? ZmwdaoG; Zmwdrmefrsm; wzGm;zGm;wufºuGvmcJhayonf? tvkyo f rm;/ v,form;/ &[ef;&Siv f l
ausmif;om;jynfolrsm;onf trsdK;om;vGwaf jrmufa&; v_yf&Sm;r_}uD;wGif tifwku d tf m;wdkuf tm;rmeftjynfjh zifh yg0ifvmcJh=uonf?

6? xd@k a=umifh udv

k ked De,fcsJŒtpdk;&u ,if;wuUokv d ftufOya'udk jyifqifay;&onftxd atmifjrifr_&&SdcaJh yonf? aer0if +Adwdo#
tifyg,m}uD;udk pDwef;vSnhv f nfqENjyjcif;/ tm%mzDqefjcif;/ oydwfarSmufjcif;/ tpmiwfcHjcif;ponf &J&JawmufowWdrsm;jzifh xdak cwf
ausmif;om;rsm;u oydww f u kd yf q
JG ifEJc$ jhJ cif;a=umifh jrefrmhEikd if aH &;. ordik ;f pmrsuEf mS opfukd zGiv
hf pS Ef ikd cf o
hJ nf? TonfrmS ausmif;om;vli,f
wdk@. pGr;f tm;onf ordik ;f tvSnht f ajymif;udk aumif;pGmzefw;D Edik fa=umif; oufaojycJjh cif;jzpfonf? xd@k tjyif jynfov l xl .
k qENEiS hf tudsK;
pD;yGm;rsm;udk qef@usiI f r&a=umif; tkycf sKyfow l k@d tm; rD;armif;xdk;jycJhjcif;vnf;jzpfonf? xdak usmif;om;oydw}f uD;. tusdK;aus;Zl;&v'f
a=umifh trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm; ay:ay:ufvmcJhonf? ,if;trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;rS udkEk/ udkoef@/ udkatmifqef;/ udkA[de;f wdk@uJhodk@aom
rdsK;qufopf ausmif;om;vli,frsm;udk arG;xkwfEikd cf o Jh nf? aemifwGif xdyk *k Kd~ vrf sm;onf jrefrmEdik fiaH wmfwiG f vGwv f yfa&;óu;d yrf;r_/ 'Dru
kd a&pD
Edkiif Hawmfwnfaqmufa&;ESifh zGH@òzd;wdk;wufa&;wdk@Y wdik f;jynf. xif&mS ;aom acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfvmcJh=uonf?

&? wpfzef xdak usmif;om;oydwf. }uD;rm;aomatmifjrifr_rSm wlnDaomtudsK;/ wlnDaomtvkyfESihf wlnDaom&nf&, G fcsufwk@d

tay:wGif tajcðyvsuf rSefuefaom acgi;f aqmifr_atmuf0,f pnf;urf;&S&d djS zifh pnf;vHk;nDnw G fpGm vduk yf gaqmif &GufEidk cf =Jh ujcif;a=umifh
jzpfonf? ,if;pnf;vH;k nDnw G rf /_ jynfov l x
l .
k yl;aygi;f yg0ifr/_ ausmif;om;vli,fw@k d. Ed;k =um;xufjrufrw _ @kd . pGr;f tm;udk Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef;
onf e,fcsŒJ qef@usiaf &;/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&; wdkufyrGJ sm;qDo@dk rD;±_;wefaqmifozG,f vrf;jyvsuf atmifyrGJ sm;rsm; qifhuJqifu h &J ,lum
trdjrefrmEdik fiaH wmftm; vGwv f yfa&;&,lay;cJo h nf? trsKd ;om;tmZmenfacgif;aqmif}u;D Adv k fcsKyaf tmifqef;onf wdik ;f jynfvw G fvyfa&;
twGuf vufeufuikd v f rf;pOfukd vdt k yfonfa=umifh vdt k yfovdu k siho
f ;kH cJh+y;D aemufqk;H tqifYh +Awd od #tpd;k &wd@k EiS hf awG@qakH qG;aEG;n‡dEid_ ;f jcif;
jzifo
h m tay;t,lðyvkyI f rdrw d ikd ;f jynfonf tcsKyftjcmtm%mydik f vGyv f yfaomEdik fiaH wmftjzpf urBmt h v,fwGif wifw h ,fpGm ay:xGe;f
vmcJhjcif;jzpfayonf?

8? TuJo h k@d ausmif;om;oydwf}uD; atmifjrifc&Jh jcif;/ wdik f;jynfvw G fvyfa&; &&SdcjJh cif;wdk@r/S pnf;vH;k nDnw G faom acgi;f aqmifrsm;.
OD;aqmifru_ kcd ,
H +l yD;/ !¸e=f um;csurf sm;udk wpfaoGrwdr;f vdu
k ef maqmif&u G fjcif;/ pnf;urf;pepfwusjzifh wm0efukd ausyeG fpmG xrf;aqmifjcif;/
&[ef;&Siv
f l jynfoal usmif;om;ausmif;olw@k duvnf; wpfceJ ufaxmufc+H y;D yl;aygi;f yg0if=ujcif;wd@k a=umifjh zpfonf? TonfrmS udv k ekd t
D yk cf sKyf
a&;pepfuykd ifv#if enf;vrf;wus pnf;urf;&Sd&dS jynfov l x l .k axmufcrH r_ sm;jzifh wGe;f vSeEf ikd cf o
hJ jzifh atmifjrifr&_ &Scd ahJ =umif; om"uaumif;
wpf&yf jzpfygonf?

9? xdk@tjyif tqdkygausmif;om;oydwf}uD;u EdkifiHa&;ESifh ynma&;onf cGJjcm;Ir&a=umif;/ EdkifiHa&;pepfrSefuefrSom v#if

ynma&;pepfrSefuef+yD; EdkifiHawmfzGH@òzd;wdk;wufvmEdkifa=umif; xif&Sm;pGmjyocJhjcif;jzpfonf? EdkifiHa&;vGwfvyfr_&SdygrS ynm
a&;vGwfvyfayvdrfhrnf? odk@rSom wnf+idrfat;csrf;pGmjzifh wDxGifzefwD;Edkifaom/ awG;ac:ajr‡mfjrifwwfaom/ ynma&;tqifht wef;
jrifhrm;aom/ acwfESitfh nD&ifabmifwef;Edkiaf om ynma&;pepf ay:xGef;vmrnf jzpfygonf?

10? ,ae@acwfukd “ynmvl@tzG@J tpnf;”[k urBmyh nm&Siw f @kd u 0dò* v

d ðf yxm;onfukd owdr=l u&ygrnf? Edik if .
H tem*wf zG@H òz;d wd;k wuf
r_rsm;twGuf tajccHtkyfjrpfonf xdkEdkifiH. ynma&;pepfyifjzpfonf? rdsK;qufopfausmif;om;vli,frsm;. b0atmifjrifa&;omru
Edik if .
H }uD;yGm;csrf;oma&;twGuyf g ynma&;t&if;tESD;onf t"duusayonf? od@k jzpfI acwfrw SD ;kd wuf+yD; wDxGifzefwD;Edkifaom t&nf
tcsi;f jynf0h onfh ynm&Sirf sm;udk ðypkysd K;axmifarG;xkwEf dik rf nfh ynma&;pepfrSm wdki;f jynftwGuf r&Srd jzpf ta&;w}u;D vdt k yfae+yDjzpfonf?
odk@ro S m wdkif;jynfonf acwfrzSD H@G òzd;wd;k wufvmEdik yf grnf?

11? xdko@dk wdkif;jynf acwfrzSD @GH òzd;wdk;wufvmEdik f&ef ,ae@tajctaeESifh tcsed ftcgukd rSerf Seu f efuefavhvmoHk;oyf+yD; EdkifiaH wmfESifh
jynfolvx l k. tudsK;pD;yGm;rsm;twGuf ðyomjyifomaom enf;rsm;udk usio fh k;H I awG@qakH qG;aEG;=u&ef jzpfayonf? tb,fa=umifq h akd omf
EdkifiHwGif Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &; ponfh taxGaxGtusyt f wnf;rsm; trSew f u,fjzpfay:ae+yD; trsKd ;om;*k%foduQmrSmvnf; urBmh
tv,fwiG f txl;edru hf saeygonf? ,if;uJo h k@d usqif;aeaom trdsK;om;*k%o f u d Qmudk jyefvnfjrifwh ifEikd &f efEiS hf ,ae@wkid ;f jynfwiG f óuaH wG@
aeaom tajctaersm;t& wdik ;f jynf. tusKd ;pD;yGm;rsm;twGuf jynfaxmifpzk mG ; wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;tm;vH;k onf trsK;d om;jyefvnf oifjh rwf
a&;udk tjrefq;kH taumiftxnfazmf=u+y;D ppfreS af om 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if aH wmfukd wnfaqmuf=u&ef txl;vdt k yfygonf? trdsK; om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; a':atmifqef;pk=unfuvnf; trdsK;om;nDnGwfa&;ESifh pyfvsOf;I-

pmrsufESm - 3
 Ù tusOf ; uscH wd k i f ; &if; om;acgif ; aqmif r sm;tm; csuf c sif ; v$ w f ?

“»»» usrwd@k jynfov l x

l t k aeeJ@ nDnn D wG nf wG f &Szd @kd vw kd ,faemf/ nD!w G rf S ud, k vf ckd siw f yhJ ef;wdik u f kd a&mufEikd rf mS qdw
k m/ nDnw G rf S
usrwd@k Eidk if H[m wdk;wufrSmjzpfw,f? »»»”
[kvnf;aumif;/ 2007 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv(8)&ufae@Y xkwjf yefcJhaom a=unmcsufYvnf;-
“»»» 'Dru kd a&pD tiftm;pkrsm;tm;vH;k aoG;pnf;cdik rf mr_EiS hf trsK;d om;nDnw G af &; ta&;w}u;D vdt k yfaeaom ,cktcdset f cgrsK;d wGif
EdkifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ Edkiif aH &;tiftm;pkrsm;/ txl;ojzifh usrwdk@. wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsdK;pkrsm;tm;vH;k . qENoabmrsm;ESihf tudsK;pD;yGm;
rsm;udk tcdik ftrm tqufrjywf tav;teufxm;um pOf;pm;ay;&rnfrSm usrtay: usa&mufvmaom wm0efjzpfaeyg+yD ”[k vnf;
aumif;/ nDnw G af &;ESihpf yfvsO;f I tav;teuf ajym=um;cJhonfukd txl;owdðyoifah yonf?
od@k ygI Edkiif aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@Hòzd;a&;aumifpo D nf “trdsK;om;jyefvnfpnf;vH;k nDnw G af &;”udk EdkifiHa&; OD;wnfcsuf
wpf&yftjzpf aºuG;a=umfaeonfhtwdik f; trdsK;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;. jy,k*ftjzpf/
(u) zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udpP tygt0if Edkiif aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;taxGaxGt=uyftwnf;rsm;udk 'Drku d a&pDenf;vrf;uspmG
ajz&Si;f Edik &f eftwGuf Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpu D rdrwd @kd u, kd w f ikd f jyÏmef;xm;onfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmf
a&G;aumufyOJG ya'/ xkwjf yefxm;onfh a=unmcsurf sm;/ jynfov l xl o k @kd ay;xm;onfh uwdu0wfrsm;ESit hf nD 1990 jynfEh pS f
a&G;aumufy&GJ v'fudk taumiftxnfazmfonfhtaejzifh jynfo@l vw $ fawmfudk tjrefqk;H ac:,lz@GJ pnf;ay;&ef?
(c) rdrEd ikd fiw H iG f 'Dru kd a&pDEiS fh vl@tcGiht f a&;rsm; &&S&d ef tpOfwpfpku d f óu;d yrf;tm;xkwrf r_ sm;a=umifh aetdrrf sm;wGif xde;f odr;f jcif;
cHae=u&aom trdsK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf 'kw, d OuUÏ OD;wifO;D ESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; a':atmifqef;pk=unf wdk@tm;
¹cGif;csufr&Sd tjrefq;Hk v$wfay;&ef?
(*) wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkrsm; ryg0ifbJ ppfrSeaf om 'Drku d a&pDjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkiif aH wmfukd wnfaqmufEkid rf nf r[kwfaom
a=umifh &Sr;f wdik f;&if;om;'Drku d a&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUÏ cGefxeG ;f OD;/ twGi;f a&;rSL; pdik ;f !¸e@f vGifESihf tjcm; wdik ;f &if;om;acgif;aqmif
rsm;tm; jypf'%fuscHae&jcif;rS ¹cGif;csurf &Sd tjrefqHk;v$wfay;&ef?
(C) rdrdwdk@. EdkifiHa&;,Hk=unfcsufa=umifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;/ jypf'%fcsjcif;cHae=u&aom q&mawmf/ oHCmawmf
t&Sifojl rwfrsm;/ wdik f;&if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;/ 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm; ponfh Edik fiaH &;
tusO;f om;tm;vH;k wdk@ukd uef@owfcsurf sm;r&SdbJ ¹cGi;f csufr&Sd tjrefqHk; v$wfay;&ef?
(i) rdrw d @kd . Edik if aH &;,H=k unfcsuaf =umifh jypf'%fusjcif;cHae=u&aom rif;udEk idk /f udu k }kd u;D ponfh (88) rsK;d quf ausmif;om;acgi;f
aqmifrsm; tm;vHk;udk ¹cGi;f csurf &Sd tjrefqHk; v$wfay;&ef?
(i) EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfyHkwifjcif;Oya'ESifhtnD/ w&m;0if&yfwnfaeaom trsK;d om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf. tqifhqifhaom
pnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ ±H;k rsm;udk Oya'ESin hf ! D wG fjcif;r&Sb d J acwW[kq+kd y;D ,ae@txd ig;ESpaf usmo f nfw h idk f umv=um&Snpf mG csw d yf w d f
xm;jcif;rS tjrefqHk; jyefvnfziG fhvSpaf y;&efESihf vGwfvyfpmG pnf;±Hk;v_y&f Sm;cGifhay;&ef?
(p) 1990 jynfEh pS f ygwpD k'H rdD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid f tEdik &f &Scd h+J y;D zsuford ;f jcif;cHxm;&aom wdik f;&if;
om; EdkifiHa&;ygwrD sm;tygt0if Edik fiaH &;ygwDrsm;udk jyefvnfrSwfyHkwifcGifhay;I vGwv f yfpGmpnf;±Hk;cGifhay;&ef?
(q) EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfyHkwifjcif;Oya'ESifhtnD w&m;0if&yfwnfaeaom trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf. tzGJŒ0ifrsm;tm;
oufqikd &f m tm%mydik frsm;u w&m;rJph mG ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d jyI twif;t=uyf E_wx f u G af pjcif;rsm;udk tjrefq;kH &yfqikd ;f ay;
&ef?
wdk@ukd Edkiif Hawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh zG@Hòzd;a&;aumifpDu wdkif;jynfEiS fh jynfolvlxt k usKd;udk a&SŒ&_I pdwq f ENxufoefpmG jzifh
aqmif&u G af y;&ef TtrsK;d om;atmifyaGJ e@ ae@xl;ae@jrwf tcgor,}uD;wGif av;eufpGm a=unmvdkuo f nf?

11-11-08 &ufa e@wGi f usif; yaom A[dkt vkyft r_a qmift zGJ@ .
tpnf; ta0; qHk; jzwfc suft&?

A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
&efukefòrd@

OOOOO

pmrsufESm - 4
 Ù trsm;jynf o lo abmrwl w Jh ppf t m%m&Si fr Se fo r# wm0eft & zDq ef = u?

trsK;d om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)
NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR DEMOCRACY (Liberated Area)

88 ESpfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJae‹ txdrf;trSwf

xkwfjyefa-unmcsuf
,ae@ ouU&mZf 1370ckEpS f/ wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf (10) &ufae@onf jrefrmEdkifiH. (88) ESpfajrmuf trsKd; om;atmifyaGJ e@
jzpfayonf?

jrefrmEdik fio
H /l Edik if Hom; vlwef;pm;ra&G; tqifhjrifyh nm&yfrsm; oif,w
l wfajrmufEikd fjcif;udk uef@owfcsKyfcs,f zdEySd o
f uJhok@d jzpfaom
+Adwo
d #udkvdket D pdk;&wdk@. &efukefwuUodkvf tufOya'udk qef@usif/ uef@uGuf/ oydwfarSmufcJh=uaom &efukefwuUodkvf ausmif;om;
oydwf(yxrausmif;om;oydwf) . atmifjrifr_udk ta=umif;ðyI trsdK;om;atmifyGJae@ [k ay:aygufvmjcif; jzpfayonf?

xdo
k ydwwf u
kd yf o
JG nf +Aw
d od #e,fcsŒJ wd@k tm; yxrqH;k qef@usiw
f u
kd cf u
kd cf o
hJ nfh wdu
k yf jJG zpfonf? xdo
k ydwwf u
kd f yGaJ =umifh wpfEikd if v
H ;kH wGif
trsKd ; om;a&;pdw"f mwfrsm; Ed;k =um;vm+yD; ZmwdaoG; Zmwdrmefrsm; jyefvnfwufºuGvmapchJonf? &efuek w f uUov dk f ausmif;om;oydwf
onf ausmif;om;ta&;r#omr[kwb f J wpfrsKd ;om;vHk;ta&;twGuf rw&m;r_udk wGef;vSefwdkufzsujf cif; jzpfaoma=umifh jynfolvlxk
wpf&yfvHk;. axmufcHr_udk &&SdcJh+yD; atmifyGJqifEkid fcJhonf?

yxrausmif;om;oydw}f uD; aemufykid f;wGif -

- trsdK;om;ynma&;twGuf trsdK;om;ausmif;rsm; ay:aygufvmcJhonf?
- trsdK;om;ynma&;. tjrifhqHk; &nf&G,fcsufonf trsdK;om;vGwfajrmufa&; jzpfcJhonf?
- trsKd ;om;ausmif;rsm;a=umifh Edik if t
H 0Sr;f wGif e,fcsŒJ qef@usiaf &;ESihf trsKd ;om;a&;pdw"f mwfrsm; Ed;k =um;vmapcJ+h yD;/ rsKd ;qufopf
ausmif;om; vli,f ynmwwf acgi;f aqmifrsm;udk arG;xkwaf y;Edik fcJhayonf?

jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;udk OD;aqmif&,lay;cJhaom trsdK;om;acgif;aqmif}uD;/ wyfrawmfzcif}uD;/ vGwfvyfa&; Adokum}uD; Adkvcf sKyf

atmifqef;onf a&eHacsmif;òrŒd trsdK;om;txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifco hJ nfh tmZmenf}u;D jzpfayonf? ausmif;om; vli,f
wd@k . Ed;k =um;xufjrwfaom nDnw G rf _prG ;f tm;a=umifh e,fcsJ@qef@usiaf &; zufqpfawmfveS af &; wdu
k fyrJG sm;rSonf vGwv
f yfa&;yef;wdkio
f @kd wikd f
atmifjrifpGm ydk@aqmifEdkicf Jhayonf?

trsdK;om;a&;pdwf"mwfonf ol@u|efb0rS vGwfajrmuf±Hk/ vGwfvyfa&;&±Hk/ tcsKyftjcmtm%m vufv$wf rqHk;±_H;±Hkr#omru

rw&m;r_rsm;/ zdEdyS fcsKyfcs,frr_ sm;/ wm;qD;uef@owfr_rsm;/ cGJjcm;qufqrH r_ sm; wrsKd ;om;vHk;ay:odk@ usa&mufvmv#iv f nf; wGe;f vSeaf cszsuf
Edkifaom tiftm;owWdrsm; &&Srd nfhtjyif wrsdK;om;vHk;. EdkifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&; udpP&yfrsm;wGif urBmt h qifrh SD wufvSr;f Edkifa&;txd
pGrf;aqmifEdkifaom pdwf"mwfrsKd ;jzpfa=umif; oabmayguf&ef vdktyfayonf?

,ae@tcsdeu f mvudk jyef=unfrh nfqv dk sif trsKd;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;/ ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm; ar#mrf Se;f cJhonfh ppfreS af om trsK;d
om;vGwaf jrmufa&;onfu qH;k ±H;_ vsuyf if&daS yao;onf? jrefrmEdik if Honf +Adwdo#ukv
d edk D vufatmufrS vGwaf jrmufchaJ omfvnf; jrefrm
ppftm%&Sifwk@d . vufatmufwiG f ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm qufvufI tzdESdyfcH/ tuef@owfcH/ t"rRtðyusifhcH ae=u&qJjzpfonf?

r+y;D qHk;ao;aom trsK;d om;vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf tqifhqifhaom rsKd;qufopfausmif;om;rsm;onf tepfemcH/ udk,u f sK;d pGe@f I
tm%m&Siu f kd qufvufI wkduyf 0GJ ifc=hJ uonf? qufvufI wdu
k yf 0JG ifae=u&qJjzpfonf? ausmif;om;rsm;ESihtf wl &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;/
jynfov
l xl rk sm;onfvnf; trsK;d om;vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf yl;aygi;f yg0if aqmif&u G cf =hJ uonf? yg0ifaqmif&u
G af e=uqJvnf;jzpfonf?

pmrsufESm - 5
 Ù udkr if; udkEkdif tygt0if ausmif; om;acgif; aqmifr sm;tm; csufc sif;v$wf?

xdko@kd wu
kd yf J0G ifvsu&f adS om ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;/ &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;ESijhf ynfolrsm;udk etz ppftyk pf w
k k@d u rw&m;zrf;qD;
tjypfay;vsuf&o Sd nf? r=umao;rDuyif etzwdk‹u trsKd;om;a&;twGuf/ jynfolvlxkta&;twGuf aqmif&Guf=uaom ausmif;
om;rsm;udk ES p f& Sn f a xmif ' %f r sm;csrSw fj cif ; / rdo m;pkr sm;ESi fha 0;uGm I pdk; &Gm ;aom tajctae&S do nfh axmif r sm;ok d@
a&$Œ ajymif; jcif; / ‚if;wdk@ta&;twGuf aqmif&Gu fay;aom a&SŒ aersm;udk zrf; qD;axmifc s jcif; rsm;udk ðyvky fcJho nf?

wzufwGifvnf; ppftkyfpktm%mudk oufpdk;&Snfaprnfh zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'udk a&;qGJ/ t"rRtwnfðy+yD; 2010 ckESpfwGif a&G;

aumufyJv
G kyI
f wrsK;d ajymif; tm%modr;f &ef }uHpnfvkyaf qmifvsu&f o
Sd nf? Tonfudk rdrw
d @dk taejzifh tpOfrysuf owd&aSd e&ef vdktyf
ayonf?

yxrausmif;om;oydwf}u;D atmifjrifco Jh nfh ta=umif;&if;rSm ausmif;om;rsm;udk &[ef;&Siv f l jynfolvx l k w&yfv;Hk u pnf;pnf;

vH;k vH;k nDnD!Gw!
f Gwjf zifh vd_ufvu d_ fvv
SJ SJ axmufcHtm;ay;r_a=umifhyifjzpfonf? Tonfudk rdrw d dk@taejzifh oifcef;pm&,l+yD; 'kwd,
trsK;d om;vGwfajrmufa&;wdu k fyGJtwGuf trsKd;om;tiftm;pkrsm;tm;vHk;/ jynfolvx l kw&yfvHk; pnf;vHk;nD!GwfpGmjzifh ppftm%m&Sif
etzwd@k tm; tjrefqHk; yg0ifwdkufy0GJ if&efvdkae+yDjzpfyga=umif; wdu
k fweG f;Ed_;aqmfvu
dk f&ayonf?

A[dkaumfrwD
trsKd;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)

&ufpGJ - 1370 ckESpf/ wefaqmifrkef;vjynhfausmf ( 10 ) &uf?

- 2008 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv ( 22 ) &uf?

2008 Edk0ifbmv twGif; etzppftpdk;&rS EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;ol (215) OD;cef@udk rw&m;tjypf'%frsm; csrSwfI ta&;,lcJhonf?
‚if; wdk@ xJr S ESp f&Sn faxmif' %fc srSwfc Hc Jh& aom (88) rsdK;qufa usmif; om;rsm;
trnf tzG J @ ES p f axmif
1? udak usmfrif;,k(c) ud*k sirf D (88)rsKd ;quf ausmif;om; rsm;tzGJ@ (65)ESpf awmif}uD;/&Sr;f jynfe,f?
2? reDvmodef; ? (65)ESpf o&uf/
3? oif;oif;at;(c) rD;rD; ? (65)ESpf ykord f/ {&m0wDwidk ;f ?
4? oufoufatmif ? (65)ESpf jrif;+cH/ rE aW v;wdki;f ?
5? tHhzG,fausmf ? (65)ESpf uom/
6? udkrif;aZ,s ? (65)ESpf vm;±d;_ / &Srf;jynfe,f?
7? udkaZmfaZmfrif; ? (65)ESpf awmifil/
8? udo
k ef;wif(c) =unfoef; ? (65)ESpf ppfawG/ &cdkifjynfe,f?
9? udkaZ,s (vl@abmifopf) ? (65)ESpf om,m0wD/ yJcl;wdkif;?
10? udkausmaf usmfaxG;(c) rmuD; ? (65)ESpf rauG;/ rauG;wdik ;f ?
11? udky¾dwfxGef; ? (65)ESpf Aefarmf/ ucsifjynfe,f?
12? udkoufaZmf ? (65)ESpf armfvòrdi/f rGefjynfe,f?
13? rpENmrif;(c)&$D; ? (65)ESpf ajrmif;jr/ {&m0wDwdki;f ?
14? rrmrmOD; ? (65)ESpf om,m0wD/ yJcl;wdkif;?
15? rif;udkEkid f ? (65)ESpf usdLif;wHak xmif/ &Srf;jynfe,f?
16? udkuk}d u;D ? (65)ESpf usdLif;wHak xmif/ &Srf;jynfe,f?
17? vSrsd K;aemif ? (65)ESpf jrpf}uD;em;axmif/ ucsifjynfe,f?
18? udkaX;ºu, G f ? (65)ESpf Al;oD;awmif/ &cdik fjynfe,f?
19? udkjrat; ? (65)ESpf vGKd ifaumfaxmif/ u,m;jynfe,f?
20? Om%fvif; ? (65)ESpf bm;tH/h u&ifjynfe,f?
21? udòk yH;csdK ? (65)ESpf aumhaomif;axmif/ weoFm&Dwidk f;?
22? udkatmifol ? (65)ESpf ylwmtdkaxmif/ ucsijf ynfe,f?
23? udkatmifEdkif ? (65)ESpf uav;axmif/ ppfuidk ;f wdik ;f ?

pmrsufESm - 6
 Ù trsm;jynf o lo abmrwlw J h ppf t m%m&Si fr S e f o r# wm0eft & zDq ef= u?

trsK;d om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr)
NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR DEMOCRACY (Liberated Area)

ausmif;om;vli ,frsm;tay:rw&m; tjypfa y;ta&;,lj cif;ESi fh ygwfo ufI oabmxm;xkw fjyefa =unmcsuf

2008ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (11) &ufae@wGif

- a&$0ga&mif awmfveS af &;wGif OD;aqmifyg0ifchaJ om (88) rsK;d qufausmif;om; (14) OD; (udyk ¾dwx f eG ;f / ud*k sirf D (c) udak usmrf if;,k/
udkrif;aZ,s/ udktb H , G fausmf/ udkaZ,s/ udkoufaZmf/ udkat;oef; (c) udo k ef@wif/ udkausmfausmaf xG;/ udkaZmfaZmfrif;/ reDvm
odef;/ rrmrmOD;/ rpENmrif;/ rrD;rD; (c) roif;oif;at;/ roufoufatmif) wdk@tm; etz ppftpdk;&u axmif'%f (65) ESpfpD
csrw S vf ku
d jf cif;/
- vl@tcGit fh a&;v_y&f Sm;ol trsKd;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGJ@csKyf vli,f rpkpkaEG;udkvnf; axmif;wGif;w&m;±Hk;wpfcu k axmif'%f (12)
ESpfESihf (6) v/ rpkpak EG;ESifh vufwGJaqmif&u G fol udb
k bdk 0dk if;vd_iu
f dk axmif'%f (8) ESpf csrw
S vf udk fjcif;/
- a&$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;wGif yg0ifcJhol (9) OD; jzpfaom udkjynfhòzd;vd_it f m; axmif'%f (24) ESpf/ udkaevif;atmiftm;
axmif'%f (10) ESp/f udko[ D oufZifESifh udo
k D[atmifatmifwdk@tm; axmif'%f (8) ESpfpD csrSwfvku d fjcif;/
pwJh owif;rsm;udk rdrdwdk@taejzifh vGefpGmrSyif pdwyf suf0rf;enf;zG,f&m =um;odcJh&ygonf?

etz ppftpdk;&rS TuJhok@d ðyvkyfjcif;rSm 4if;wdk@taejzifh ausmif;om;vli,fw@dk . zdEdyS rf _udk acgif;iHkrcHbJ &J0HpmG awmfvSew
f u
dk yf GJ0ifonfh
v_y&f mS ;r_ukd tvGefwkefv_yf a=umuf&ŒGH onfukd az: jyvdkufjcif;yif jzpfayonf?

ausmif;om;vli,frsm;. t=urf;rzufaom v_yf&Sm;r_ukd tm%myg0grsm;udpk Ju

G idk x
f m;aom/ vufeufrsm;udk pGJuidk x
f m;aom yk*dK~ vw
f k@d rS
,QKvkt
d jypf'%fay;jcif;onf ,Ofaus;odraf rG@aom vl@abmifavmu}uD;wGif &Suzf , G v
f dvdjzpfayonf?

TuJo h k@d ðyvkyjf cif;jzifh ,ae@ &ifqkid óf uaH wG@ae&aom jrefrmjynfov

l x
l .
k Edik if Ha&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;/ taxGaxG tusyt f wnf;}uD;udk ajz
&Sif;Edkifvdrrfh nfr[kwb f J ausmif;om;ESifh jynfolvlxkudk qef@usif wdkufy0GJ if=u&eftwGuf wdkufyaGJ c:vdu k jf cif;om jzpfayonf?

rdrwd @kdtaejzifh rw&m;r_ukd wdu

k yf 0JG if&if; tepfemcHae=u&aom ausmif;om;jynforl sm;/ &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;udk av;pm;*k%ðf y OD;nGwf
vduk +f y;D ppftm%m&Sipf epf oufq;k d r&Snaf pa&;twGuf &Sod nft
h iftm;rsm;udk tpGr;f uket
f oH;k ðyI wdu
k yf 0J G ifomG ;rnfjzpfa=umif; oH"Xd meðf y vk d u f
&ygonf ?

r[mrdwftiftm;pkrsm;ESifh jynfolvlxkw&yfv;Hk rSvnf; vuf&t Sd ajctaersm;udk rSeu

f efpGmoHk;oyfI pnf;vH;k nDnw
G rf _ tiftm;jzifh
ppftkyfpktm; wdkufyJ0G ifomG ;=uyg&ef av;pm;pGmjzifh wdkuw
f eG ;f vdkuf&ygonf?

“ tmZmenf yk*~dKvfwdk@. vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufI aqmif&Guf&rnf”

AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;

A[dkaumfrwD
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzG@J csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr)
&ufpJ?G ? 2008ckESp/f Edk0ifbmv (12) &ufae@

pmrsufESm - 7
 Ù rw&m;zrf; qD; xm;aom &[ef; oHCmawmfr sm;tm; csufc sif;v$w f?

a':atmifqef;pk-unf. jrefrmjynfuvmwJph m (5)

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pmrsufESm - 8
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a,mufxrJ oGm;eJ@/ olrsm;awGe@J vnf; tqifajyatmif qufqaH ygh ” A[dok wif;ESijhf yef-um;a&;XgerS owif;pkaqmif;
[k ajymonf? xkwfa0jzefŒcsdvu kd yf gonf?”
xdkif;EdkifiH&dS jrefrmtrsm;pktaejzifh t0ga&mifESifh teDa&mif qufo, G &f ef - + 66 861 946 711
tusrô sm;udk 0wfqif&mwGif owdxm;oifonfh tajctaersm; jzpf E-mail: shwekhamauk@yahoo.com
aeonf?

pmrsufESm - 9
 Ù 90 jynfhESp f&v'f jynfol@v$wfawmf tjrefac:ay;Ù

tcrf;tem;wGif tzrf;qD;cHEdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; tjref

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dk a&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr)

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pmrsufESm - 11
 Ù ppf t m%m&S i f usqHk; a&;twGu f pnf; vHk; =u/ nDn Gw f= u/ xºuG = u?

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pmrsufESm - 12